ÿWPCÓ - ý] âˆZÓÐó$°KP"'(ÊSö î¶6þ‰GPºÀNrÀ—(ŸŽ’s6Ë‘ ˜ó«85Œ¡í…§7ÊSft~NñsõœŠxW×-Mdc,—m}Ú‡ÀÄC–·ómèëð=~ôDƒCÚ)6•ûÆX%ñÙðîͼ¥º+Eý‘îTƒƒ„‚®AðqEŒÜ˲#Οè¬Þyθʎ]ƒô2!4ä޺Ḡ†\èRé½#s8•µqY˜#!`³õÙ5MÂþÍÌîm¢M7ãÛÿ²Þ¿ŒX!sqÎ*vQïuŽkiß$çk‡u=Íkíºåmµ6OœFzì=•‰sŒîŠEŇjÕ̧¤&B#à¶áVÙ„m,ÑW—ÏzeR”b¯ûnûÿÍ=ß2|§²¨7U[‡Õ(þá5ËÀq [ ̹rŽL°89g­ÓC,•|²Ðæ4ž„àïU‡}gÂ.Mb[(cƒ²K¤æžUªåRßœXÆ‚æÄ¼J‚ …PÌ4®Ôç0q;AøSm‘qçn Ðwhich€was€annexed€the€report€of€the€second€meeting;€the€report€of€the€Secretary„¼General€on€the€study€on€computerizing€the€work€of€the€human€rights€treatyÏmonitoring€bodies€(E/CN.4/l990/39);€the€report€of€the€Secretary„General€containing€aÏlist€of€articles€showing€the€nature€and€extent€of€overlapping€under€six€internationalÏhuman€rights€instruments€(HRI/MC/1988/L.3);€General€Assembly€resolutions€44/135Ïof€15€December€1989€and€43/115€of€8€December€1988;€Economic€and€SocialÏCouncil€resolution€1990/47€of€25€May€1990;€and€Commission€on€Human€RightsÏresolutions€1990/21€and€1990/25€of€27€February€1990.Ð ±(#±(# ÐÌÓ$ °°ÿÿþ$Ó9.€à  àThe€meeting€was€opened€by€the€Under„Secretary„General€for€Human€Rights.€In€hisÐ ªú Ðintroductory€statement€the€Under„Secretary„General€drew€attention€to€the€Secretary„Generalð ðsÐ pÀ  Ðmost€recent€report€on€the€activities€of€the€Organization€and€reviewed€some€of€the€issues€andÏdocumentation€that€were€before€the€meeting.€He€spoke€in€particular€about€the€challenge€ofÏenhancing€information€flows€both€to€and€from€the€treaty€bodies€and€suggested€a€number€ofÏinitiatives€which€might€be€considered€by€the€meeting.€Reference€was€made€to€the€difficultÏfinancial€situation€of€the€Organization€and€to€the€need€for€greater€resources€to€be€made€availableÏto€the€human€rights€sector.€The€Under„secretary„General€also€reviewed€the€significance€of€recentÏdevelopments€in€the€world€and€observed€that,€while€denouncing€was€a€necessary€condition€for€theÏrecognition€of€human€rights,€it€was€not€in€itself€sufficient€in€order€to€ensure€the€actual€enjoymentÏof€those€rights.ÌÌÓ! °°ÿÿ°°X!Ó10.€à0  àMr.€Philip€Alston€was€elected€Chairman/Rapporteur€of€the€meeting.Ðò%B!+(#(# ÐÌÌÌÌÓ!  °°X!ÓÓ  ÓÓ ôýÓIII.à ½ àREVIEW€OF€RECENT€DEVELOPMENTS€RELATING€TO€THE€WORKÐ Ð) %0 ÐOF€THE€TREATY€BODIESÌÓ  ÓÓ ôýÓÌÓ$ °°ÿÿ $Ó11.€à  àUnder€this€item,€the€various€participants€provided€a€brief€oral€review€of€some€of€theÐ ",r'3 Ðproblems€and€factors€that€were€of€special€concern€to€the€respective€treaty€bodies.€In€particular,Ïproblems€relating€to€the€following€areas€were€highlighted:€Ó ª°°XÓ(a)€financing€and€logistical€support,Ð ®-þ(5 Ðincluding€the€reduction€of€the€number€of€sessions€owing€to€the€lack€of€resources,€insufficientÏsecretariat€support€and€lack€of€adequate€publicity€for€the€work€of€the€committees;€(b)Ïconsideration€of€reports,€including€the€adequacy€of€reports,€the€provision€of€technical€assistance€toÏStates€Ó ªªÓparties€and€maximization€of€the€use€of€time€during€sessions;€(c)€information,€including€theÏneed€to€develop€co„operation€with€specialized€agencies,€regional€organs€and€non„governmentalÏorganizations;€and€(d)€universalization€of€the€applicability€of€the€human€rights€treaties,€includingÏthe€need€for€more€ratifications€and€greater€consistency€between€the€obligations€imposed€by€theÏconventions.ÌÌÓ ªÓ12.à ² àThe€participants€noted€with€special€concern€the€persistence€of€the€problem€of€Ó ªÓoverdueÐ ¦ ö  Ðreports,€which€affected€all€of€the€treaty€bodies€and€which€now€amounted€to€Ó ªªÓa€total€of€767€reports.ÌÌÌÓÆÓà@\ \ ìàIV.€MATTERS€REQUIRING€SPECIAL€CONSIDERATIONˆÌÌÓ! õ‡ª!ÓÓ ‡ÓÓ oþÓA.à 7 àòòFinancial€situation€of€human€rights€treaty€bodiesóóÐ –æ  ÐÓ ‡ÓÓ oþÓÌÓÆÓÓ! õ’!Ó13.à ² àReference€was€made,€in€particular,€to€the€financial€crisis€which€had€adversely€affected€theÐ n¾  Ðactivities€of€the€Committee€on€the€Elimination€of€Racial€Discrimination€since€1986.€It€wasÏrecalled€that€the€non„compliance€of€a€significant€number€of€States€parties€with€their€financialÏobligations€under€article€8,€paragraph€6,€of€the€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€ofÏRacial€Discrimination€had€resulted€in€the€reduction€or€cancellation€of€several€sessions€of€theÏCommittee€and€consequently€in€a€backlog€of€reports€to€be€considered.€It€was€pointed€out€that€aÏsimilar€situation€might€occur€in€respect€of€the€Committee€against€Torture,€whose€activities€wereÏentirely€dependent,€under€article€17,€paragraph€7,€and€article€18,€paragraph€5,€of€the€ConventionÏagainst€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,€on€theÏfinancial€contributions€of€States€parties.€It€was€noted€that€States€parties€to€that€Convention,€atÏtheir€second€meeting€on€28€November€1989,€had€expressed€concern€that€the€accumulation€ofÏarrears€in€the€payment€of€assessed€contributions€might€ultimately€have€a€paralysing€effect€on€theÏmonitoring€of€the€Conventionð ðs€implementation.Ð ¶ ÐÌÓ Ó14.à ² àThe€meeting€drew€attention€to€remedial€measures€envisaged€in€several€resolutions€of€theÐ B’ ÐGeneral€Assembly€and€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€with€regard€to€the€financing€of€theÏCommittee€on€the€Elimination€of€Racial€Discrimination€and,€in€particular,€to€the€measuresÏenvisaged€by€Commission€on€Human€Rights€resolution€1990/25.€In€paragraph€10€of€thatÏresolution,€the€Commission€had€recommended€that€a€ð ðcontingency€reserve€fundðð€be€establishedÏwith€the€concurrence€of€concerned€States€parties€to€the€Convention€to€make€it€possible€toÏregularize€the€meeting€schedule€of€the€Committee€on€the€Elimination€of€Racial€Discrimination.ÌÌÓ Ó15.à ² àWhile€endorsing€the€measure€recommended€in€paragraph€10€of€resolution€1990/25,€theÐ r#Â' Ðpersons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€were€of€the€view€that€such€a€measure€had€to€beÏconsidered€as€a€temporary€arrangement.€They€reiterated€the€conclusion€reached€at€their€secondÏmeeting,€in€October€1988,€that€the€General€Assembly€was€responsible€for€the€proper€functioningÏof€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€established€to€monitor€the€implementation€of€instruments€thatÏhad€been€adopted€by€the€Assembly€itself€and€once€again€recommended€that€the€Assembly€shouldÏensure€the€financing€of€each€of€the€committees€from€the€United€Nations€regular€Ó ªÓbudget€or€makeÏother€appropriate€financial€arrangements€that€may€be€necessary€to€enable€each€of€the€committeesÏto€operate€effectively€on€a€permanent€basis.ÌÌÓ ªÓ16.à ² àThe€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€also€stated€that,€notwithstanding€theÐ .+~&1 Ðprinciple€that€States€parties€to€the€International€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€ofÏRacial€Discrimination€and€to€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€orÏDegrading€Treatment€or€Punishment€must€fulfil€their€financial€obligations,€and€that€every€effortÐ €-Ð(4 Ðhad€to€be€made€by€the€United€Nations€to€promote€respect€for€those€obligations,€strongÏconsideration€should€be€given€by€the€General€Assembly€to€the€possibility€of€amending€thoseÏhuman€rights€instruments€in€order€to€guarantee€the€long„term€viability€of€their€monitoringÏmechanisms.€In€this€connection,€they€expressed€their€support€for€the€various€proposals€to€dealÏwith€the€actual€or€potential€financial€problems€of€certain€treaty€bodies€contained€in€paragraphs€97Ïto€99€of€the€study€on€effective€implementation€of€international€instruments€on€human€rights,Ïincluding€reporting€obligations€under€these€instruments€(A/44/668).ÌÌÌÓÆÓà@œ œ ìàB.€òòServicing€and€resources€available€to€human€rights€treaty€bodiesóóˆÐ ¦ ö  ÐÌÓÆÓÓ Ó17.à ² àWith€regard€to€this€issue,€the€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€recalled€that€atÐ ~ Î  Ðtheir€second€meeting€they€had€recommended€that€more€adequate€staffing€resources€should€beÏprovided€immediately€to€service€the€Committee€on€the€Elimination€of€Discrimination€againstÏWomen€and,€as€soon€as€the€overall€financial€situation€permitted,€additional€resources€should€beÏprovided€to€the€other€committees€to€enable€them€to€discharge€all€of€their€responsibilities.ÏReference€was€made,€in€that€connection,€to€the€report€on€the€situation€regarding€the€logistical€andÏhuman€resources€support€for€the€increasing€activities€of€the€Centre€for€Human€RightsÏ(E/1990/50),€which,€òòinter€aliaóó,€provided€explanations€on€the€basic€needs€of€the€Centre€to€ensureÐ è8 Ðadequate€services€to€all€human€rights€bodies€with€particular€attention€being€given€to€the€servicingÏof€treaty€bodies€as€emphasized€by€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€in€its€resolution€1990/25.ÌÌÓ Ó18.à ² àConsiderable€attention€was€devoted€at€the€meeting€to€the€present€arrangements€devoted€toÐ P Ðthe€servicing€of€the€Committee€on€the€Elimination€of€Discrimination€against€Women.€TheÏimportance€of€ensuring€that€that€Committee€remain€in€close€contact€with€the€other€treaty€bodiesÏand€that€it€is€fully€informed€in€its€work€of€the€activities€of€the€other€principal€human€rights€organs,Ïsuch€as€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€and€the€Sub„Commission€on€Prevention€ofÏDiscrimination€and€Protection€of€Minorities,€was€clearly€recognized.€It€was€noted€that€those€needsÏwould€become€even€more€crucial€in€the€future€as€the€number€of€treaty€bodies€increased,€as€theÏpossibilities€for€duplicative€activities€grew,€and€as€the€quest€to€promote€normative€consistencyÏbecame€even€more€challenging.ÌÌÓ! °°½ÿÿ!Ó19.€à ½ àIt€was€observed,€however,€that€the€present€institutional€arrangements,€whereby€theÐ ¼   ÐCommittee€alone€was€serviced€from€Vienna€(by€the€Centre€for€Social€Development€andÏHumanitarian€Affairs),€while€all€of€the€other€treaty€bodies€are€serviced€from€Geneva€(by€theÏCentre€for€Human€Rights),€were€not€at€all€conducive€to€facilitating€the€type€and€level€ofÏinteraction€that€was€necessary.€The€difficulties€caused€by€geographical€separation€were€furtherÏexacerbated€by€the€inadequate€secretariat€resources€available€to€Committee€members€at€Vienna.ÏWhile€conference€servicing€needs€had€generally€been€satisfied€and€improvements€made€as€to€theÏCommitteeð ðs€New€York€sessions,€no€significant€research,€analytical€or€informational€servicesÐ &#v' Ðwere€provided.€Moreover,€while€the€Secretariat€provided€help€with€its€limited€resources,€theÏspecialist€expertise€of€the€Vienna€Centre€did€not€extend€to€a€close€knowledge€of€the€activities€ofÏall€of€the€human€rights€organs€and€treaty€bodies€of€the€United€Nations€system.€In€addition,€theÏbenefits€that€the€Committee€had€derived€from€proximity€to€the€secretariat€of€the€Commission€onÏthe€Status€of€Women€had€been€minimal€as€there€were€no€formal€links€between€these€bodies.€TheÏfear€was€expressed€that€the€present€system€could€lead€to€the€Committee€becoming€isolated€fromÏthe€United€Nations€human€rights€system€as€a€whole.ÌÌÓ °° Ó20.à ² àFor€those€reasons,€the€meeting€agreed€that€strong€and€active€consideration€should€be€givenÐ *l%0 Ðto€relocating€the€functions€relating€to€the€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€ofÏDiscrimination€against€Women€to€the€United€Nations€Office€at€Geneva.€It€was€observed€thatÏwhile€this€proposal€might€be€seen€as€an€attempt€by€the€Geneva€secretariat€to€expand€its€coverageÏ(albeit€minimally)€at€the€expense€of€that€in€Vienna,€such€an€interpretation€would€be€entirelyÏunwarranted.€The€dominant€consideration€in€this€regard€had€to€be€the€best€interests€of€theÐ ú-J)5 ÐCommittee€itself€and€of€the€human€rights€treaty€rð)ðgime€as€a€whole.€It€was€suggested€that€the€bestÏway€to€proceed€might€be€for€the€General€Assembly€to€request€that€the€Chairman€of€the€CommitteeÏdiscuss€the€matter€with€the€Committee€at€its€next€session€and€prepare€without€financialÏimplications€a€brief€evaluation€of€the€advantages€and€disadvantages€of€the€proposal,€to€beÏforwarded€to€the€General€Assembly€in€due€course.ÌÌÓ Ó21.à ² àOn€the€broader€question€of€secretariat€servicing€for€the€treaty€bodies,€the€meeting€againÐ T ¤ Ðdrew€attention€to€the€fact€that€the€work€of€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights€had€increased€very€greatlyÏin€recent€years€but€that€resources€had€failed€to€keep€pace€with€the€work„load€and€the€increase€inÏresponsibilities.€They€generally€agreed€that€it€was€necessary€to€increase€the€logistical€and€humanÏresources€of€the€Centre,€especially€to€assist€the€treaty€bodies€in€carrying€out€their€mandates.ÌÌÌÓÆÓà@` ` ìàC.€òòCross„referencing€in€the€reporting€proceduresóóˆÐ ¾  ÐÌÓÆÓÓ Ó22.à ² àThe€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€noted€that€the€term€ð ðcross„referencingððÐ –æ  Ðwould€be€understood€to€mean€the€incorporation€in€a€report€to€a€treaty€body€of€material€included€inÏa€report€to€another€treaty€body€by€annexure,€quotation€or€reference.€They€agreed€that€the€practiceÏof€making€cross„references€in€the€reports€to€be€submitted€by€States€parties€to€more€than€oneÏinternational€human€rights€instrument€was€necessary€to€alleviate€the€task€of€States€parties,€whichÏfrequently€had€to€provide€comprehensive€information€to€each€of€the€treaty€bodies,€as€well€as€toÏavoid€duplication€in€the€information€submitted.€This€practice€was€increasingly€justified€by€theÏentry€into€force€of€new€instruments€and€new€reporting€procedures,€such€as€the€Convention€on€theÏRights€of€the€Child,€which€contained€matters€already€covered€by€other€instruments.€However,€theÏmeeting€was€of€the€view€that€a€methodology€had€to€be€found€to€avoid€depriving€treaty€bodies€ofÏthe€information€they€needed€in€the€overall€context€of€the€implementation€of€a€particularÏinstrument,€especially€where€interrelated€rights€and€inconsistencies€could€be€at€issue.ÌÌÓ Ó23.à ² àMost€participants€felt€that€cross„referencing€could€not€be€systematic€and€its€acceptabilityÐ ¤ô Ðhad€to€be€left€for€determination€by€each€treaty€body€on€a€case€by€case€basis.€It€was€recommendedÏthat,€in€the€future,€treaty€bodies€should€share€information€with€each€other€about€their€practices€inÏthe€foregoing€regard.ÌÌÓ Ó24.à ² àFurthermore,€the€view€was€expressed€that€a€detailed€technical€analysis€of€the€provisions€ofÐ ‚Ò! Ðvarious€human€rights€instruments€would€enable€treaty€bodies€to€identify€not€only€the€overlappingÏof€provisions€but€also€the€differences€in€formulation€and€content€between€texts€of€certainÏinternational€legal€provisions.€Cross„references€to€these€provisions€would€also€be€useful€to€avoidÏcompeting€interpretations€with€regard€to€their€application.ÌÌÓ Ó25.à ² àIn€addition,€it€was€suggested€that€similarities€among€provisions€of€different€human€rightsÐ &#v' Ðinstruments€could€be€indicated€in€the€reporting€manual€to€assist€States€in€fulfilling€their€reportingÏobligations€and€that€specific€proposals€with€respect€to€cross„referencing€could€be€included€in€theÏgeneral€guidelines€for€the€submission€of€reports€by€States€parties.€It€was€also€noted€that€thoseÏissues€could€be€addressed€more€fully€in€the€context€of€seminars€that€should€be€organized€for€thoseÏpersons€in€governmental€service€who€materially€prepared€reports€to€be€submitted€to€treaty€bodies.ÌÌÓ Ó26.à ² àIt€was€also€suggested€that€each€treaty€body€could€appoint€members€who€would€establishÐ (à#. Ðliaison€with€each€of€the€other€treaty€bodies€and€would€be€in€regular€contact€with€them€with€a€viewÏto€solving€specific€problems,€including€those€relating€to€cross„referencing.€Those€members€couldÏbe€invited€to€participate€in€meetings€of€the€relevant€treaty€bodies€and€could€brief€the€members€ofÏthose€bodies€about€important€matters€of€mutual€concern.ÌÌâ âÐ 4-„(4 ÐÓÆÓà@ßßìàD.€òòNormative€consistencyóóˆÐ ° Ðâ âÌÓÆÓÓ Ó27.à ² àThe€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€noted€that€certain€inconsistencies€in€theÐ ˆØ Ðprovisions€of€international€instruments€and,€in€particular,€between€provisions€of€internationalÏinstruments€and€those€of€regional€instruments€might€raise€difficulties€with€regard€to€theirÏimplementation.€Furthermore,€they€felt€that€a€degree€of€consistency€should€be€sought€among€theÏgeneral€comments€that€treaty€bodies€were€preparing€with€regard€to€the€interpretation€andÏapplication€of€provisions€of€various€human€rights€instruments.€In€this€connection,€they€reiteratedÏthe€view€that€increased€contacts€on€a€permanent€basis€among€treaty€bodies,€and€not€only€amongÏchairmen€of€treaty€bodies,€would€avoid€inconsistencies€and€promote€knowledge€andÏharmonization€of€the€work€of€each€treaty€body.€They€were€of€the€view€that€for€that€purpose€theÏappointment€of€a€member€of€a€treaty€body€who€would€establish€liaison€with€the€other€treatyÏbodies€on€these€and€other€matters,€as€mentioned€above,€was€a€very€useful€suggestion.€It€was€alsoÏrecalled€that€the€secretariat€had€the€important€role€of€advising€on€inconsistencies€or€overlapping€ofÏlegal€provisions€especially€when€new€international€human€rights€instruments€were€underÏelaboration.ÌÌÌÓÆÓà@ÜÜ!ìàE.€òòComputerizationóóˆÐ è8 ÐÌÓÆÓÓ Ó28.à · àThe€meeting€took€note€with€interest€of€the€study€on€computerizing€the€work€of€the€humanÐ À Ðrights€treaty€monitoring€bodies€(E/CN.4/1990/39).€The€suggestion€was€made€that€regular€contactsÏbe€established€between€the€secretariat€of€the€Committee€on€the€Elimination€of€DiscriminationÏagainst€Women€and€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights€in€order€to€share€information€relating€to€theÏprogramme€of€computerization.ÌÌÌÓ! ß3!ÓÓ 3ÓÓ ¬þÓF.à ã àòòThe€development€of€new€international€human€rights€instrumentsÐ *z Ðà ã àà  àà  àand€its€implicationsóóÐ ð@ ÐÓ 3ÓÓ ¬þÓÌÓ! ßT!Ó29.à · àWith€regard€to€this€issue,€differing€views€were€expressed€as€to€whether€preference€shouldÐ |Ì Ðbe€given€in€the€future€to€non„binding€instruments€over€binding€instruments.€The€opinion€wasÏexpressed€that€possibilities€of€elaborating€both€binding€and€non„binding€human€rights€instrumentsÏshould€be€left€open.€Often,€in€the€United€Nations,€a€declaration€on€a€particular€human€rights€issueÏwas€followed€by€the€elaboration€of€a€convention€on€the€same€issue.€It€was€agreed,€however,€thatÏwhenever€possible€the€supervisory€or€monitoring€functions€established€under€new€human€rightsÏtreaties€should€be€assigned€to€appropriate€existing€treaty€bodies€that€were€felt€to€possess€theÏnecessary€competence.€New€instruments€should€be€adopted,€to€the€extent€possible,€in€the€form€ofÏprotocols€to€existing€instruments.€Should€such€new€responsibilities€be€contemplated,€the€relevantÏmonitoring€bodies€should€be€consulted€and€appropriate€arrangements,€including€for€staff€andÏfinancial€support,€be€made.€Equally,€however,€it€was€pointed€out€that€if€the€subject„matter€of€aÏnew€instrument€required€particular€expertise,€a€specific€body€of€experts€might€need€to€beÏestablished€to€monitor€that€instrument.ÌÌÌÓ! ÿ‹!ÓÓ ‹ÓÓ tþÓG.à ; àòòNew€international€human€rights€instruments€and€theÐ (f#- Ðà ; àdesirability€of€taking€into€account€existingÌà ; àprovisions€in€drafting€new€instrumentsóóÐ ¢)ò$/ ÐÓ ‹ÓÐ h*¸%0 ÐÐ .+~&1 ÐÓ! ÿŒ!ÓÓ tþÓ30.à · àAs€noted€above,€the€meeting€generally€agreed€that€it€would€be€preferable€to€elaborate€newÐ ô+D'2 Ðinstruments€in€the€form€of€protocols€to€existing€instruments.€However,€if€this€was€not€possible,Ïcertain€basic€points€should€be€taken€into€account€in€drafting€the€text€of€new€instruments.Ð €-Ð(4 ЇÓ Ó31.à · àThe€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€were€of€the€view€that€new€internationalÐ ° Ðhuman€rights€instruments€should€not€specify€the€periodicity€of€reporting€by€States€parties,€butÏshould€simply€indicate€that€the€periodicity€should€not€exceed€five€years.€They€also€agreed€thatÏnew€instruments€should€not€indicate€the€maximum€duration€of€the€sessions€of€their€supervisoryÏorgans€and€that€a€thorough€review€of€existing€international€provisions€should€be€made€beforeÏdrafting€flew€instruments.€At€every€stage€in€the€drafting€process€the€possibility€of€overlap€and€theÏneed€for€consistency€in€standards€should€be€given€close€attention.€Similarly,€a€comprehensiveÏð ðtechnical€reviewðð€should€always€be€carried€out€before€a€new€instrument€is€finally€adopted.€InÏaddition,€whenever€new€instruments€were€being€drafted,€every€effort€should€be€made€to€ensureÏthat€adequate€òòtravauxóó€òòprð)ðpñžñÔ#†X‘ÐXXX‘Ð #ÔñžññŸñÔ#†ô´ÀõXX‘Ð#ÔñŸñaratoiresóó€were€made.Ð ¦ ö  ÐÐ l ¼  ÐÓ Ó32.à ² àThe€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€also€raised€the€question€of€difficultiesÐ 2 ‚  Ðin€monitoring€the€implementation€of€international€legal€provisions€which€might€be€caused€by€theÏconfidentiality€of€certain€procedures€established€under€other€international€instruments.€TheyÏagreed€that€confidentiality€should€not€preclude€contacts€among€treaty€bodies€that€would€beÏessential€to€ensure€the€respect€of€the€legal€provisions€concerned.€Furthermore,€they€agreed€thatÏnew€human€rights€instruments€should€make€provision€for€the€financing€of€their€monitoringÏmechanisms€through€the€regular€budget.ÌÐ œì  ÐÓ Ó33.à ² àThey€also€felt€that€a€briefing€for€newly€elected€members€of€treaty€bodies€about€the€work€ofÐ b² Ðthe€treaty€bodies,€United€Nations€organs,€specialized€agencies,€and€other€relevant€matters€wouldÏbe€useful.€It€was€suggested€that€such€a€briefing€would€be€in€addition€to€that€given€informally€byÏother€members€and€should€be€arranged€in€an€appropriate€manner€with€the€assistance€of€theÏsecretariat.ÌÐ @ ÐÐ V ÐÓÆÓà@AAìàH.€òòTechnical€assistanceóóˆÐ Ì ÐÐ ¸ ÐÓÆÓÓ Ó34.à ² àIt€was€recalled€that€the€General€Assembly,€in€its€resolution€44/135,€had€invited€the€treatyÐ ¤ô Ðbodies€to€give€priority€attention€to€identifying,€in€the€regular€course€of€their€work€of€reviewingÏState€reports,€possibilities€for€technical€assistance€projects.€The€Commission€on€Human€Rights,€inÏits€resolution€1990/58,€had€also€called€upon€the€treaty€bodies€to€take€action€in€that€sense.ÌÐ ¼   ÐÓ Ó35.à ² àThe€meeting€agreed€that€assistance€to€States€parties€in€preparing€reports€at€the€national€levelÐ ‚Ò! Ðwas€a€high€priority€area€for€the€United€Nations€Advisory€Services€and€Technical€AssistanceÏProgramme.€Seminars€and€training€courses€at€the€national€level€were€considered€as€the€only€cost„¼effective€means€to€tailor€the€relevant€assistance€programmes€to€local€circumstances€and€needs.€ItÏwas€for€each€treaty€body€in€the€process€of€consideration€of€State€party€reports€to€identify€suchÏneeds.€Reference€was€made€in€this€connection€to€an€earlier€suggestion€by€the€Committee€on€theÏElimination€of€Discrimination€against€Women€that€resources€should€be€sought€to€set€up€specificÏcountry€programmes€to€enable€an€expert€to€be€sent€at€the€request€of€a€State€party€to€provideÏassistance€to€that€State€party€in€the€preparation€of€its€national€reports.€Additionally,€participantsÏreiterated€that€each€Government€should€once€again€be€encouraged€to€consider€establishing€a€unitÏthat€would€prepare€all€of€the€reports€submitted€by€that€State€party€to€the€treaty€bodies.ÌÐ 'T", ÐÓ Ó36.à ² àIt€was€further€agreed€that€advisory€services€and€technical€assistance€should€also€be€directedÐ Ê'#- Ðat€involving€those€who€had€a€direct€bearing€on€the€implementation€of€human€rights€policies,€suchÏas€members€of€the€judiciary€and€lawyers,€in€seminars€or€colloquia€to€discuss€the€relevance€ofÏinternational€human€rights€standards€to€their€work.€It€was€further€noted€that€it€would€be€desirableÏfor€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights€to€obtain€more€specialist€expertise€in€the€training€field€and€thatÏtraining€courses€in€the€field€of€human€rights€for€officials€of€some€of€the€major€United€NationsÏdevelopment€agencies€(the€United€Nations€Development€Programme,€World€Bank,€etc.)€should€beÏenvisaged.€It€was€noted€that€the€International€Labour€Organisation€already€undertook€such€trainingÏprogrammes€on€a€regular€basis€for€its€own€staff.Ð ú-J)5 ЇÓ Ó37.à ² àThe€meeting€expressed€regret€that€no€training€courses€or€workshops€devoted€primarily€toÐ ° Ðthe€preparation€and€submission€of€reports€had€been€held€during€the€past€two€years€by€the€CentreÏfor€Human€Rights.ÌÐ R ÐÐ È ÐÓÆÓÓ! À!ÓÓ ÀÓÓ SþÓI.à p àòòSources€of€information€available€to€the€treaty€bodiesóóÐ ŽÞ ÐÓ ÀÓÓ SþÓÌÓÆÓÓ$ °°ÿÿ­$Ó38.€à  àParticipants€noted€with€appreciation€that€several€non„governmental€organizations€hadÐ f ¶ Ðsystematically€provided€background€information€to€individual€members€of€treaty€bodies€wheneverÏState€reports€were€considered€and€had€undertaken€other€activities€directly€related€to€theÏenhancement€of€public€awareness€of€international€human€rights€instruments.€The€materialÏprovided€by€non„governmental€organizations€was€considered€valuable€and€had,€consequently,Ïcontributed€to€the€effective€fulfilment€by€the€treaty€bodies€of€their€responsibilities€regarding€theÏconsideration€of€State€reports.€In€this€regard€particular€mention€was€made€of€the€valuableÏcontribution€made€by€the€International€Womenð ðs€Rights€Action€Watch€to€the€work€of€theÐ Ð  ÐCommittee€on€the€Elimination€of€Discrimination€against€Women.€It€was€generally€felt€that€eachÏcommittee€should€decide€in€the€light€of€its€own€circumstances€the€extent€and€the€form€of€the€co„¼operation€with€non„governmental€organizations.€Non„governmental€organizations,€in€particular€atÏthe€national€level,€were€further€encouraged€to€devote€appropriate€attention€to€the€work€of€theÏtreaty„bodies€under€the€reporting€system.€It€was€also€noted€that€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights€hadÏinitiated€consultations€with€the€Department€of€Public€Information€concerning€the€distributionÏthrough€United€Nations€information€centres€of€State€reports,€press€releases€and€summary€recordsÏconcerning€the€consideration€of€such€reports,€and€views€adopted€on€individual€communications.ÏParticipants€regretted,€however,€that€those€consultations€had€so€far€proved€unproductive€and€thatÏnon„governmental€organizations€and€the€public€at€large€had€not€yet€benefitted€from€a€regular€flowÏof€information€of€that€type.€It€was€therefore€once€again€emphasized€that€urgent€efforts€should€beÏundertaken€for€such€basic€material€to€be€disseminated€as€widely€as€possible€through€the€UnitedÏNations€information€centres€and€by€the€secretariats€of€the€relevant€committees.ÌÌÓ °°XÓ39.à ² àWith€regard€to€co„operation€with€specialized€agencies,€it€was€noted€that€on€many€occasionsÐ jº Ðthe€various€specialized€agencies,€particularly€the€International€Labour€Organisation,€the€WorldÏHealth€Organization€and€the€United€Nations€Educational,€Scientific€and€Cultural€OrganizationÏhad€provided€useful€assistance€to€the€various€treaty€bodies.€The€Committee€on€Economic,€SocialÏand€Cultural€Rights,€in€particular,€had€established€an€extensive€set€of€procedures€wherebyÏspecialized€agencies€had€been€invited€to€take€part€in€the€consideration€of€State€reports€and€inÏdiscussions€on€particular€topics.€It€was€agreed€that€extensive€co„operation€with€specializedÏagencies€should€continue€to€be€encouraged€through€various€means.ÌÌÓ Ó40.à ² àWith€reference€to€the€activities€undertaken€by€treaty€bodies,€it€was€suggested€that€eachÐ `"°& Ðcommittee€might€wish€to€request€the€secretariat€to€make€available€to€it,€in€addition€to€the€annualÏreports€of€the€other€treaty€bodies,€copies€of€reports€of€relevant€States€parties€submitted€under€otherÏinstruments.€Any€relevant€documentation€of€the€General€Assembly,€the€Security€Council€andÏother€United€Nations€organs€should€also€be€made€available€to€the€treaty€bodies€when€deemedÏpertinent€to€their€activities.ÌÌÓ$°°Zÿÿ$Ó41.€à  àReference€was€also€made€to€a€recommendation€by€the€second€meeting€relating€to€theÐ Ê'#- Ðestablishment€of€a€committee€resource€room€in€which€documentation€of€the€relevant€committeesÏcould€be€kept€along€with€copies€of€constitutions,€basic€reports€and€legislation€and€other€relevantÏand€useful€information.€It€was€generally€felt€that€despite€a€shortage€of€available€space€within€theÏCentre€for€Human€Rights,€major€efforts€should€be€undertaken€towards€providing€such€a€room,Ïwhich€could€contribute€very€significantly€to€the€work€of€the€individual€committee€members.€ItÏwas€noted€that€materials€for€inclusion€in€such€a€resource€room€would€probably€be€donated€byÏvarious€groups€and€agencies€and€that€use€could€be€made€of€interns€to€undertake€the€initialÏorganization€of€the€materials.Ð ú-J)5 ЇÓ$ °°ÿÿ°°Z®$Ó42.€à  àIt€was€pointed€out€that€each€treaty€body€should€have€access€to€all€the€sources€ofÐ ° Ðinformation€it€deemed€necessary€to€fulfil€its€functions€effectively.€It€was,€however,€agreed€that€theÏtype€of€information€needed€and€the€way€to€handle€it€would€have€to€be€decided€by€each€committeeÏin€the€light€of€its€own€requirements€and€circumstances.ÌÌÌÌà@¡¡ ìàJ.€òòPublic€informationóóˆÐ  j ÐÌÓ! °°ÿÿ°°X!Ó43.€à  àWith€regard€to€the€issue€of€public€information,€it€was€noted€that€the€activities€of€theÐ ¦ ö  Ðvarious€treaty€bodies€should€be€publicized€as€widely€as€possible€so€that€the€affected€individualsÏwere€made€aware€of€their€rights€under€the€international€human€rights€instruments€and€could€takeÏan€appropriate€role€in€the€process€of€the€preparation€of€State€reports.€It€was€underlined€that€theÏholding€of€press€conferences€at€the€end€of€committee€sessions€and€the€issuing€of€press€releasesÏhad€not€always€led€to€significant€coverage€by€the€media€of€the€activities€of€the€treaty€bodies.€ItÏwas€agreed€that€it€would€be€helpful€if€the€annual€report€of€committees€could€be€synthesized€fromÏtime€to€time€and€made€available€in€more€readable€form€for€distribution€to€the€general€public.ÏHowever,€it€was€also€generally€agreed€that€to€some€extent€public€information€on€the€activities€ofÏthe€committees,€including€views€expressed€in€individual€cases,€should€be€specifically€targeted€toÏthe€potentially€most€interested€groups,€such€as€lawyers,€judges€and€teachers.€To€that€end,Ïparticipants€suggested€the€award€of€fellowships€by€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights€specifically€forÏthe€purpose€of€disseminating€information€regarding€the€activities€of€the€treaty€bodies.ÌÌÓ °°XÓ44.à · àLastly,€it€was€agreed€that€the€most€effective€public€information€activities€were€thoseÐ zÊ Ðundertaken€at€the€national€and€local€levels€and,€in€that€connection,€it€was€reiterated€that€UnitedÏNations€information€centres€and€non„governmental€organizations€should€he€more€activelyÏinvolved€in€alerting€the€public€to€the€activities€of€the€treaty€bodies.ÌÌÌÓ! ‡" !ÓÓ " ÓÓ fþÓK.à Ò àòòLong„term€rationalization€of€the€existingÐ n Ðà Ò àsystem€of€treaty€bodiesóóÐ ä4 ÐÓ " ÓÓ fþÓÌÓ! ‡›!Ó45.à ² àWith€regard€to€the€long„term€rationalization€of€the€existing€system€of€treaty€bodies,€theÐ pÀ  Ðmeeting€agreed€that€the€relevant€issues€could€profitably€be€raised€in€the€overall€context€of€theÏpreparation€of€the€proposed€world€conference€on€human€rights.€For€that€purpose€considerationÏcould€be€given€to€the€appointment€of€an€expert€to€prepare€a€study.ÌÌÌÓÆÓà@99"ìàV.€OTHER€MATTERSˆÌÌÓÆÓÓ Ó46.à ² àThe€participants€took€note€with€satisfaction€of€the€revised€text€of€the€consolidatedÐ ì#<( Ðguidelines€for€the€initial€part€of€State€party€reports€as€approved€by€the€various€treaty€bodiesÏ(appended€to€this€report)€and€agreed€that€the€guidelines€should€be€disseminated€to€the€StatesÏparties€as€soon€as€possible.ÌÌÓ Ó47.à ² àThe€participants€reviewed€the€draft€reporting€manual€that€had€been€prepared€by€UNITAR€inÐ Ê'#- Ðco„operation€with€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights.€They€considered€that€the€manual€would€beÏextremely€useful€to€the€States€parties€in€the€preparation€of€their€reports€as€well€as€in€orientingÏnewly€elected€members€of€the€treaty€bodies.€They€noted€that€the€views€expressed€in€the€differentÏcontributions€contained€in€the€manual€were€those€of€their€authors€and€did€not€necessarily€representÏthose€of€the€relevant€committees€or€of€any€United€Nations€body.€The€participants€agreed€that€theÏmanual€should€be€published€in€its€present€form€as€soon€as€possible€and€disseminated€to€StatesÏparties€as€widely€as€possible.€They€also€expressed€their€warm€appreciation€of€the€work€of€theÏUNITAR€Fellow€in€bringing€the€preparation€of€the€manual€to€a€successful€conclusion.Ð ú-J)5 ЇÓ Ó48.à ² àThe€participants€expressed€strong€support€for€the€proposal€addressed€in€General€AssemblyÐ ° Ðresolution€44/156€to€convene€a€world€conference€on€human€rights.€They€stressed€the€importanceÏof€making€thorough€preparations€for€such€a€conference€and€urged€that€the€treaty€bodies€should€beÏassociated€with€the€conference€and€should€be€closely€consulted,€through€their€chairmen€and€whereÏpossible€directly,€in€the€course€of€its€preparation.ÌÌÌÓ  ÓVI.€€CONCLUSIONS€AND€RECOMMENDATIONSÌÓ¹¯ÓÌñ¡ñÌñ¡ñÓ! °°ÿÿ!Ó49.€à  àThe€following€conclusions€and€recommendations€are€respectfully€submitted€to€the€GeneralÐ ¦ ö  ÐAssembly€for€its€consideration€in€accordance€with€its€resolution€44/135.€Some€concern€action€thatÏmight€be€taken€by€the€Assembly€itself€or€by€other€appropriate€organs€of€the€United€Nations,€whileÏothers€fall€within€the€competence€of€the€respective€treaty€bodies€or€of€the€States€parties€to€theÏtreaties.€However,€no€distinction€is€drawn€in€this€regard€for€the€purposes€of€the€present€report,Ïsince€the€mandate€of€the€meeting€is€to€propose€diverse€means€to€improve€the€functioning€of€theÏtreaty€supervisory€system.ÌÌÓ! °°ÿÿ°°X!Ó50.€à  àIn€view€of€the€very€large€number€of€overdue€reports€owed€to€the€treaty€bodies€as€a€whole,Ð Ö&  Ðthe€General€Assembly€should€continue€to€emphasize€the€importance€of€adequate€and€timelyÏreporting€by€all€States€parties€to€the€various€treaties.ÌÌÓ °°XÓ51.à ² àThe€treaty€bodies€themselves€should€continue€to€use€all€appropriate€means€to€promote€theÐ î> Ðsubmission€of€overdue€reports.€Where€possible,€efforts€should€be€made€to€develop€a€dialogue€withÏthe€representatives€in€New€York,€Geneva€or€Vienna€of€the€States€parties€concerned€with€a€view€toÏemphasizing€the€importance€of€reporting€and€to€exploring€possible€means€of€assisting€them.€InÏcases€where€a€number€of€overdue€reports€are€involved,€the€Under„Secretary„General€for€HumanÏRights€should€raise€the€matter€in€the€course€of€his€regular€consultations€with€the€representatives€ofÏStates€parties.ÌÌÓ ªÓ52.€€€€While€noting€with€satisfaction€the€steadily€growing€number€of€States€parties€to€the€variousÏinstruments,€the€meeting€stressed€that€there€was€no€cause€for€complacency€in€that€regard.€The€goalÏof€achieving€the€universal€applicability€of€the€principal€instruments€remained€far€from€beingÏachieved.€States€which€have€not€yet€ratified€those€instruments€should€be€urged€to€reconsider€theirÏposition€and€to€take€appropriate€measures€to€seek€to€remove€any€remaining€obstacles€toÏratification€or€accession.ÌÌÓ ªªÓ53.€€€€The€financial€situation€of€the€treaty€bodies€warrants€continuing€attention€by€the€GeneralÏAssembly€and€the€States€parties.€In€particular,€the€meeting€urged€that€action€be€taken€by€StatesÏparties€to€the€International€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€Racial€DiscriminationÏto€establish€a€ð ðcontingency€reserve€fundðð€as€proposed€by€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€inÏparagraph€10€of€its€resolution€1990/25.€In€any€event,€the€General€Assembly€should€as€a€matter€ofÏthe€highest€priority€take€appropriate€measures€to€ensure€the€financing€of€each€of€the€committeesÏfrom€the€United€Nations€regular€budget€or€to€make€such€other€financial€arrangements€as€may€beÏnecessary€to€enable€each€of€the€committees€to€operate€effectively.ÌÌÓ ªÓ54.à ² àConsideration€should€also€be€given€to€amending€the€relevant€provisions€of€the€InternationalÐ ~'Î"- ÐConvention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€Racial€Discrimination€and€the€Convention€againstÏTorture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment€to€provide€full€fundingÏfor€the€relevant€treaty€bodies€from€the€regular€budget€of€the€United€Nations.ÌÌÓ Ó55.à ² àAdequate€secretariat€servicing€should€be€provided€to€each€of€the€treaty€bodies€to€enableÐ \+¬&2 Ðthem€to€function€effectively.€At€present,€the€combination€of€diminishing€resources€and€rapidlyÏexpanding€demands€on€the€available€resources€had€left€most€of€the€treaty€bodies€without€theÏappropriate€level€of€secretariat€servicing.€The€Secretary„General€and€the€General€Assembly€shouldÐ ®-þ(5 Ðdo€their€utmost€to€ensure€that€more€resources€are€provided€specifically€for€this€purpose.ÌÌÓ! °°ÿÿ!Ó56.€à  àAs€recommended€in€the€report€of€the€second€meeting€(A/44/98,€annex,€para.€89),€StatesÐ <Œ Ðparties,€in€drafting€their€reports,€may€refer,€annex€or€incorporate,€whenever€appropriate,Ïinformation€contained€in€reports€submitted€to€other€treaty€bodies,€rather€than€repeat€the€sameÏinformation.ÌÌÓ! °°ÿÿ°°X!Ó57.€à  àIn€general€terms,€the€effective€development€of€the€human€rights€treaty€system€as€a€wholeÐ  j Ðwould€be€significantly€enhanced€by€the€promotion€of€greater€interaction€among€the€treaty€bodies.ÏEach€of€the€committees€should€thus€seek€to€keep€well€informed€of€developments€within€theÏothers.€For€that€purpose€consideration€should€be€given€to€the€appointment€of€several€members,Ïeach€of€whom€should€be€responsible€for€following€as€closely€as€possible€the€developments€in€oneÏof€the€other€treaty€bodies€and€reporting€thereon€to€his€or€her€committee.€Other€innovativeÏarrangements€should€also€be€explored,€such€as€the€holding€of€joint€sessions€of€working€groups€ofÏtwo€or€more€committees€to€explore€a€specific€issue.€Advantage€should€also€be€taken€of€anyÏopportunities€to€provide€a€briefing€to€one€committee€on€relevant€current€developments€by€aÏmember€of€another€committee.ÌÌÓ °°XÓ58.à ² àThe€General€Assembly€should€take€appropriate€action€to€institutionalize€the€meeting€ofÐ œì  Ðpersons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€and€to€ensure€that€it€is€held€at€least€once€every€twoÏyears.ÌÌÓ Ó59.à ² àIn€preparing€ð ðgeneral€commentsðð,€ð ðgeneral€recommendationsðð€or€ð ðsuggestionsðð€on€topicsÐ ´ Ðthat€are€of€potentially€major€relevance€to€the€provisions€of€an€instrument€that€is€supervised€byÏanother€body,€the€committee€concerned€should€consider€undertaking€some€appropriate€form€ofÏconsultation€before€the€finalization€of€the€text€in€question.ÌÌÓ Ó60.à ² àThe€process€of€establishing€a€computerized€data€base€to€improve€the€efficiency€andÐ ’â Ðeffectiveness€of€the€functioning€of€the€treaty€bodies€should€be€accorded€a€high€priority€by€theÏSecretary„General€and€every€effort€should€be€made€to€implement€fully€the€recommendations€ofÏthe€relevant€task€force€on€this€issue€(see€E/CN.4/1990/39).€The€Committee€on€the€Elimination€ofÏDiscrimination€against€Women€and€its€secretariat€should€be€kept€fully€informed€of€developmentsÏwithin€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights€in€this€regard.ÌÌÓ Ó61.à ² àAs€far€as€possible€and€appropriate,€the€supervision€of€new€human€rights€treaty€obligationsÐ üL" Ðshould€be€entrusted€to€one€or€other€of€the€existing€treaty€bodies.€Similarly,€careful€considerationÏshould€always€be€given€to€the€drafting€of€protocols€to€existing€instruments€in€preference€toÏentirely€new€treaties,€whenever€appropriate.€When€such€protocols€are€under€preparation€theÏrelevant€treaty€body€should€be€consulted€prior€to€their€final€adoption.ÌÌÓ! °°ÿÿ!Ó62.€à  àWhen€new€treaties€are€drafted,€the€periodicity€of€reporting€should€be€left€open€providedÐ  #ð( Ðthat€a€report€is€required€at€least€once€every€five€years.€Similarly,€new€treaties€should€not€stipulateÏa€maximum€duration€for€the€sessions€of€the€relevant€supervisory€body.€They€should€alwaysÏprovide€for€the€financing€of€the€supervisory€mechanisms€from€the€regular€budget.ÌÌÓ! °°ÿÿ°°X!Ó63.€à  àWhenever€new€human€rights€instruments€are€being€drafted,€adequate€ð ðÔ_ÔtravauxÔ_ÔÐ ~'Î"- ÐÔ_Ôprð)ðparatoiresÔ_Ôðð€should€be€made€and€a€thorough€technical€review€be€undertaken€prior€to€the€finalÏadoption€of€the€text.ÌÌÓ! °°ÿÿ°°X!Ó64.€à  àPrior€to€the€first€session€of€any€new€treaty€body,€every€effort€should€be€made€to€provide€aÐ –*æ%1 Ðdetailed€technical€background€briefing€to€the€members€of€the€new€committee.€The€briefing€shouldÏdeal€with€matters€such€as€the€relationship€of€the€different€treaty€bodies€to€one€another,€theÏrelationship€of€the€treaty€bodies€to€the€other€human€rights€organs,€the€nature€of€the€work€of€anyÏother€United€Nations€bodies€or€agencies€in€so€far€as€it€is€of€direct€relevance€to€the€work€of€the€newÐ ®-þ(5 Ðcommittee,€and€any€other€pertinent€matters.€Newly€elected€members€of€the€existing€treaty€bodiesÏshould€also€be€provided€with€such€briefings€if€they€so€request.ÌÓ ª°°XÓÌÓ! °°ÿÿª!Ó65.€à  àThe€consolidated€guidelines€for€the€initial€part€of€State€party€reports€under€the€variousÐ R Ðtreaties,€as€drawn€up€in€consultation€with€all€of€the€treaty€bodies,€should€be€added€to€the€relevantÏguidelines€as€soon€as€possible.ÌÌÓ! °°ÿÿ°°X!Ó66.€à  àThe€manual€on€reporting€drawn€up€by€UNITAR€in€co„operation€with€the€Centre€forÐ  j ÐHuman€Rights,€approved€by€the€meeting€on€the€advice€of€the€Editorial€Board,€should€be€publishedÏas€soon€as€possible€and€be€widely€disseminated.ÌÌÓ! °°ÿÿ°°X!Ó67.€à  àThe€proposed€world€conference€on€human€rights€could,€if€adequately€prepared,€make€aÐ 2 ‚  Ðmajor€contribution€to€furthering€the€overall€objectives€of€the€United€Nations€in€the€human€rightsÏfield.€The€work€of€the€treaty€bodies€should€be€fully€reflected€in€the€agenda,€the€preparation€ofÏwhich€should€be€done€in€consultation€with€those€bodies€as€far€as€possible.€A€detailed€evaluationÏof€the€work€of€each€of€the€treaty€bodies€should€be€prepared€by€individual€experts€as€part€of€theÏbackground€documentation€for€the€Conference.ÌÌÓ! °°ÿÿ°°X!Ó68.€à  àTo€assist€it€in€the€fulfilment€of€its€responsibilities,€each€of€the€treaty€bodies€should€haveÐ œì  Ðaccess€to€all€of€the€sources€of€information€that€it€feels€it€needs€in€order€to€be€effective.€In€thisÏregard,€information€provided€by€non„governmental€organizations€can€be€of€major€importance.€TheÏtreaty€bodies€should€also€take€full€advantage€of€the€expertise€and€experience€of€the€specializedÏagencies€and€other€United€Nations€bodies€whenever€appropriate.ÌÌÓ! °°ÿÿ°°X!Ó69.€à  àParticular€importance€should€be€attached€to€the€dissemination€at€the€national€level€of€heÐ @ Ðreport€of€the€relevant€State€party€and€details€of€its€examination€by€the€committee,€especially€toÏthose€sectors€which€have€direct€responsibility€for€the€implementation€of€human€rights,€such€as€theÏjudiciary,€the€legal€profession,€appropriate€ministries€and€national€human€rights€bodies.€For€thatÏreason,€each€United€Nations€information€office€should,€on€a€routine€basis,€make€available€allÏreports€submitted€to€the€treaty€bodies€by€the€State€in€whose€territory€it€is€located,€along€with€theÏsummary€records€relating€to€the€examination€of€the€reports.€The€Secretary„General€should€beÏrequested€to€report€on€the€implementation€of€this€recommendation€in€due€course.ÌÌÓ °°XÓ70.à ² àThe€secretariat€of€each€of€the€treaty€bodies€should€seek€to€enhance€the€means€by€whichÐ 6†! Ðcopies€of€the€relevant€documentation€can€be€made€available€to€non„governmental€organizations,Ïparticularly€those€active€at€the€national€level.ÌÌÓ Ó71.à ² àAs€already€requested€by€the€General€Assembly€on€several€occasions,€the€relevantÐ N!ž% Ðsecretariats€should€ensure€that€each€member€of€each€of€the€treaty€bodies€receives€the€annual€reportÏof€each€of€the€other€treaty€bodies€in€a€regular€and€timely€fashion.ÌÌÓ Ó72.à ² àThe€Secretary„General€should€continue€to€publicize€the€activities€of€the€treaty€bodies€asÐ f$¶) Ðeffectively€as€possible€and€should€consider€allocating€a€specific€number€of€fellowships€to€beÏavailable€especially€to€academics,€journalists€or€others€proposing€to€write€on€the€work€of€any€ofÏthe€treaty€bodies.ÌÌÓ! °°ÿÿ!Ó73.€à  àIn€the€context€of€technical€assistance€and€advisory€services€programmes€organized€by€theÐ D(”#. ÐUnited€Nations,€a€series€of€seminars€or€workshops€should€be€organized€at€the€national€level€forÏthe€purpose€of€training€those€involved€in€the€preparation€of€State€party€reports.€Such€workshops,€ifÏcarefully€tailored€to€the€needs€of€the€individual€State,€could€reach€many€more€people€in€each€StateÏthan€regional€seminars€and€be€far€more€cost„effective.ÌÌÓ °°XÓ74.à ² àRegional€and€sub„regional€seminars€and€training€programmes€should€be€directedÐ è,8(4 Ðparticularly€at€those€individuals,€such€as€judges,€lawyers€and€administrators€who€have€an€actual€orÐ ®-þ(5 Ðpotential€substantive€involvement€in€the€implementation€of€the€obligations€assumed€by€theirÏStates.€The€Centre€for€Human€Rights€should€seek€to€develop€professional€training€expertise€toÏassist€in€the€management€of€such€programmes.ÌÌÓ Ó75.à ² àTraining€programmes€should€also€be€arranged,€on€a€regular€basis,€for€the€officials€of€UnitedÐ È ÐNations€bodies€and€agencies€involved€in€technical€co„operation€programmes.€The€purpose€of€suchÏprogrammes€would€be€to€familiarize€the€relevant€officials€with€the€standards€contained€in€theÏprincipal€human€rights€treaties€and€to€develop€a€better€understanding€of€the€means€by€which€thoseÏstandards€can€be€reflected€in€the€day„to„day€activities€of€the€agencies.òòóóÓ! þ!ÓÐ à 0 ÐÓ þÓòòóóÐ ¦ ö  ÐÐ l ¼  ÐÐ 2 ‚  Ðñ¥ñÓÆÓñ¥ññŸñÔ€X‘ÐXõô´ÀÔñŸñà@&ìàAPPENDIXˆÌÐ ¾  Ðà@æ æ ìàòòConsolidated€guidelines€for€the€initial€part€ofóóˆÐ „Ô  Ðà@­­ìàòòthe€reports€of€States€partiesóóˆÐ Jš  ÐÐ `  ÐÐ Ö&  Ðà@UU#ìàòòLand€and€peopleóóˆÐ œì  ÐÓ þÓÌñ¤ñÓÆÓñ¤ñ1.€à ® àThis€section€should€contain€information€about€the€main€ethnic€and€demographicÐ (x Ðcharacteristics€of€the€country€and€its€population,€as€well€as€such€Ô_ÔsocioÔ_Ô„economic€and€culturalÏindicators€as€per€capita€income,€gross€national€product,€rate€of€inflation,€external€debt,€rate€ofÏunemployment,€literacy€rate€and€religion.€It€should€also€include€information€on€the€population€byÏmother€tongue,€life€expectancy,€infant€mortality,€maternal€mortality,€fertility€rate,€percentage€ofÏpopulation€under€15€and€over€65€years€of€age,€percentage€of€population€in€rural€areas€and€in€urbanÏareas€and€percentage€of€households€headed€by€women.€As€far€as€possible,€States€should€makeÏefforts€to€provide€all€data€Ô_ÔdisaggregatedÔ_Ô€by€sex.ÌÓ þéæÓÐ X¨ ÐÓ þÓ2.€à ® àThis€section€should€describe€briefly€the€political€history€and€framework,€the€type€ofÐ n Ðgovernment€and€the€organization€of€the€executive,€legislative€and€judicial€organs.ÌÌÌòòGeneral€legal€framework€within€which€human€rights€are€protectedóóÐ 6†! ÐÌ3.€à ® àThis€section€should€contain€information€on:Ð Â# ÐÌÓ$ þþ$Óà0 ® àà0±®(#®(#àà ® à(a)à ± àWhich€judicial,€administrative€or€other€competent€authorities€have€jurisdictionÐ N!ž% Ðaffecting€human€rights;Ð ±(#±(# ÐÌà0 ® àà0±®(#®(#àà ® à(b)à ± àWhat€remedies€are€available€to€an€individual€who€claims€that€any€of€his€rights€haveÐ  #ð( Ðbeen€violated;€and€what€systems€of€compensation€and€rehabilitation€exist€for€victims;Ð ±(#±(# ÐÌà0 ® àà0±®(#®(#àà ® à(c)à ± àWhether€any€of€the€rights€referred€to€in€the€various€human€rights€instruments€areÐ ò%B!+ Ðprotected€either€in€the€constitution€or€by€a€separate€bill€of€rights€and,€if€so,€whatÏprovisions€are€made€in€the€constitution€or€bill€of€rights€for€derogations€and€in€whatÏcircumstances;Ð ±(#±(# ÐÌÓ$ ßþ$ÓÓ ßÓÓ (þÓ(d)à  àHow€human€rights€instruments€are€made€part€of€the€national€legal€system;Ð Ð) %0 ÐÓ ßÓÓ (þÓÌà0 · àà0·(#·(#àà · à(e)à  àWhether€the€provisions€of€the€various€human€rights€instruments€can€be€invokedÐ \+¬&2 Ðbefore,€or€directly€enforced€by,€the€courts,€other€tribunals€or€administrativeÏauthorities€or€whether€they€must€be€transformed€into€internal€laws€or€administrativeÏregulations€in€order€to€be€enforced€by€the€authorities€concerned;Ю-þ(5(#(# Їà0 · àà0·(#·(#àà · à(f)à  àWhether€there€exist€any€institutions€or€national€machinery€with€responsibility€forÐ ° Ðoverseeing€the€implementation€of€human€rights.Ð (#(# ÐÌÌñ£ñÓÆÓñ£ñà@îîìàòòInformation€and€publicityóóˆÐ È ÐÌñ¢ñÓÆÓñ¢ñÓ! Ø!Ó4.à ² àThis€section€should€indicate€whether€any€special€efforts€have€been€made€to€promoteÐ T ¤ Ðawareness€among€the€public€and€the€relevant€authorities€of€the€rights€contained€in€the€variousÏhuman€rights€instruments.€The€topics€to€be€addressed€should€include€the€manner€and€extent€toÏwhich€the€texts€of€the€various€human€rights€instruments€have€been€disseminated,€whether€suchÏtexts€have€been€translated€into€the€local€language€or€languages,€what€government€agencies€haveÏresponsibility€for€preparing€reports€and€whether€they€normally€receive€information€or€other€inputsÏfrom€external€sources,€and€whether€the€contents€of€the€reports€are€the€subject€of€public€debate.ÌÌÌññÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ìì*ìàñññžñÔ#†XâüXXXâü4#Ôñžñ