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Ñ  ÑÑ  Ñ(U¤EGMSY_ekqAutoList241.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.'i)Ô_ÔÒX°ÒÒ°XÒÑ€?*ÑÑ€D*ÑÑ€F*ÑÝ ƒÿÿÿÝÝ  ÝÓ ý ÓÓ  ÓÑ„°Ñò òÓ X»°œXÓó óÔ€$X öXX XÔUNITED€NATIONSÐ ° ÐGeneral€AssemblyÌForty„seventh€sessionÌÌA/47/628Ì10€November€1992ÌÓ XXÿÿX»ÓÌÌÓ ‡ÓÓ yûÓÓ ßX-ÿÿXXÓÓ! 7 X(#ÿÿßX-!ÓÓ  Óò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€QUESTIONS:€IMPLEMENTATION€OF€HUMAN€RIGHTSÐ  ` Ðà‘@µµ(-àINSTRUMENTSÌÓÃÓÓ" ßX-7 X(#¢"ÓÓ yûvÓÓ ‡ÓññÌññÌòòñ’ñÓ oÓñ’ññ“ñÓ  Óñ“ñEffective€implementation€of€international€instruments€on€human€rights,€includingÐ À  Ðreporting€obligations€under€international€instruments€on€human€rightsÌñ’ñÓ oÓñ’ñóóÌòòñ‘ñÓ   Óñ‘ñNote€by€the€Secretary„Generaló óÐ „Ô  Ðñ‘ñÓ   Óñ‘ñóóñ“ñÓ¹Óñ“ñÌÓ X<ßX-ÓÓ äÓÓ  ÓThe€Secretary„General€transmits€herewith€to€the€General€Assembly€the€report€of€the€fourthÏmeeting€of€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€convened€pursuant€to€GeneralÏAssembly€resolution€46/111€of€17€December€1991.ÌÓCÓÐ  p ÐÐ  \ ÐÓ äÓÓ  ÓANNEXÌÓyÓñ•ñÌñ•ñÌòòÓ! XnaXä!ÓÓ  Óñ”ñò òñ”ñReport€of€the€fourth€meeting€of€persons€chairing€the€humanÐ ¼  Ðrights€treaty€bodiesÌñ”ñó óñ”ñÓ  ÓóóÌÌÓ B ÓÓ B ÓÓ'Xš>ÖXna'ÓÓ<"° XƒXš>h‚XÖp†XXš>Ö<ÓÓ  ÓI.€à @ àINTRODUCTIONÌÓ B tÓÓ@Xš>Ö° XƒXš>h‚XÖp†X©@ÓÓåÓÓ B ÓÌÓb€ )(Eh83'bÓÝ ‚(3£ ÝÝ  ÝÓ' Xx¹ Xš>Ö'ÓÓ! XXXXx¹ !ÓÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£àÝÔ2EhÔÚ  Ú1Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝSince€the€adoption€of€resolution€37/44€on€3€December€1982,€the€General€Assembly€has€Ýƒ(3£à_ÝŒÐD!”(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓSÓÓÓcontinuously€kept€under€review€the€problems€relating€to€the€effective€implementation€ofÏinternational€instruments€on€human€rights,€including€reporting€obligations€under€internationalÏinstruments€on€human€rights.€Those€problems€have€also€received€careful€attention€during€theÏvarious€sessions€of€the€treaty€bodies,€at€some€of€the€meetings€of€States€parties,€and€at€meetings€ofÏsuch€other€organs€as€the€Economic€and€Social€Council€and€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights.ÌÓ_ ÓÓ ÓÌÓP ÓÝ ‚(3£ ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£q ÝÔ2EhÔÚ  Ú2Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝPursuant€to€General€Assembly€resolution€38/117€of€16€December€1983,€the€Secretary„݃(3£q ¨ ݌и'#&(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓœ ÓÓ ÓGeneral€convened€a€first€meeting€of€the€persons€chairing€the€bodies€entrusted€with€theÏconsideration€of€State€party€reports€in€August€1984.€The€report€of€that€meeting€was€presented€toÏthe€General€Assembly€at€its€thirty„ninth€session€(A/39/484,€annex).€A€second€meeting€wasÏconvened€by€the€Secretary„General€in€October€1988,€pursuant€to€General€Assembly€resolutionÏ42/105€of€7€December€1987,€and€the€report€of€that€meeting€was€presented€to€the€GeneralÏAssembly€at€its€forty„fourth€session€(A/44/98,€annex).€A€third€meeting€was€convened€by€theÏSecretary„General€in€October€1990,€pursuant€to€General€Assembly€resolution€44/135€of€15ÏDecember€1989,€and€the€report€of€that€meeting€was€presented€to€the€General€Assembly€at€itsÐ /h*. Ðforty„fifth€session€(A/45/636,€annex).ÌÌÓ¦ ÓÝ ‚(3£ ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£ÓÝÔ2EhÔÚ  Ú3Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝIn€its€resolution€46/111€of€17€December€1991,€the€General€Assembly€endorsed€the€Ýƒ(3£Ó ݌ЈØ(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓþÓÓ Óconclusions€and€recommendations€of€the€meetings€of€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treatyÏbodies€aimed€at€streamlining,€rationalizing€and€otherwise€improving€reporting€procedures:Ïrequested€the€Secretary„General€to€take€appropriate€steps€in€order€to€finance€the€biennial€meetingsÏof€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€from€resources€available€from€the€regularÏbudget€of€the€United€Nations;€and€decided€to€give€priority€consideration€at€its€forty„seventhÏsession€to€the€conclusions€and€recommendations€of€the€meetings€of€persons€chairing€treaty€bodies,Ïin€the€light€of€the€deliberations€of€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights.€In€its€resolution€1992/15€ofÏ21€February€1992,€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€endorsed€the€recommendation€in€the€reportÏof€the€third€meeting€of€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€to€institutionalize€theÏmeetings€and€requested€the€General€Assembly€to€take€appropriate€action€to€enable€those€meetingsÏto€be€held€on€a€biennial€basis;€and€requested€that€the€meeting€of€persons€chairing€the€human€rightsÏtreaty€bodies€in€1992€include€on€its€agenda€the€question€of€the€extent€of€reservations€to€humanÏrights€instruments.ÌÌÓÓÝ ‚(3£ ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£³ÝÔ2EhÔÚ  Ú4Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€fourth€meeting€of€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€was€convened€by€Ýƒ(3£³êÝŒÐ\¬(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓÞÓÓÓthe€Secretary„General€pursuant€to€General€Assembly€resolution€46/111€and€Commission€onÏHuman€Rights€resolution€1992/15.ÌÝ ƒÿÿÿÝÝ  ÝÌÌÓìÓÓ  ÓII.à @ à€ORGANIZATION€OF€THE€MEETINGÌÓ¡ÓÓÓÌÓ! X~7#XXX!Ó5.à ~ àThe€meeting€was€held€at€the€United€Nations€Office€at€Geneva€from€12€to€16€October€1992.Ð Ð  ÐThe€following€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€attended:€Mr.€Philip€AlstonÏ(Committee€on€Economic,€Social€and€Cultural€Rights),€Mr.€Fausto€Pocar€(Human€RightsÏCommittee),€Mr.€Luis€Valencia€Rodriguez€(Committee€on€the€Elimination€of€RacialÏDiscrimination),€Mrs.€Mervat€Tallawy€(Committee€on€the€Elimination€of€Discrimination€againstÏWomen),€Mr.€Joseph€Voyame€(Committee€against€Torture)€and€Mrs.€Hoda€Badran€(CommitteeÏon€the€Rights€of€the€Child).€Mr.€Hector€Villarroel,€a€member€of€the€Group€of€Three€establishedÏunder€the€International€Convention€on€the€Suppression€and€Punishment€of€the€Crime€ofÏApartheid,€also€participated€in€the€meeting.ÌÌÓ( Xx¹ X~7#2(ÓÓéÓØØÓb€ G(U¤88)bÓÝ ‚(3£ ÝÝ  ÝÓ'°XŽX7#€%Xx¹ 'ÓÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£áÝÔ2U¤ÔÚ  Ú6Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝRepresentatives€of€the€International€Labour€Organisation€(ILO),€Amnesty€International€Ýƒ(3£á?ÝŒÐ$X"(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ3ÓÓÓand€the€International€Service€for€Human€Rights€also€attended€the€meeting.ÌÌÝ ‚(3£ ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚(3£œÝÔ2U¤ÔÚ  Ú7Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€agenda€for€the€meeting€was€as€follows:݃(3£œÇÝŒÐÌ&"%(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚,é; ÝÝ  ÝÓ3°X°~ŒX7#€%°XŽX7#€%3ÓÝ‚,é;ŽÝà0 ~ àÔ2U¤ÔÚ  Ú1Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` ~(#~(#àÝ  ÝOpening€of€the€meeting.݃,é;Žì݌Ф(ô#'` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚,é; ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚,é;´Ýà0 ~ àÔ2U¤ÔÚ  Ú2Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` ~(#~(#àÝ  ÝElection€of€the€Chairperson.݃,é;´ßÝŒÐ|*Ì%)` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚,é; ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚,é;¬ Ýà0 ~ àÔ2U¤ÔÚ  Ú3Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` ~(#~(#àÝ  ÝAdoption€of€the€agenda.݃,é;¬ × ÝŒÐT,¤'+` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚,é; ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚,é;Ÿ!Ýà0 ~ àÔ2U¤ÔÚ  Ú4Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` ~(#~(#àÝ  ÝReview€of€recent€developments€relating€to€the€work€of€the€treaty€bodies€andÐ ,.|)- Ðfollow„up€to€the€conclusions€and€recommendations€adopted€at€the€third€meeting€ofÐ /h*. Ðchairpersons.݃,é;Ÿ!Ê!݌Р` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚,é; ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚,é;E#Ýà0 ~ àÔ2U¤ÔÚ  Ú5Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` ~(#~(#àÝ  ÝMatters€requiring€special€consideration:݃,é;E#p#݌ЈØ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚.ir ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚.irI$Ýà0 ~ àà0~(#~(#àà0` (#(#àÔ2U¤ÔÚ  Ú1Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#àÝ  ÝGeneral€situation€of€overdue€reports;݃.irI$t$ÝŒÐ`°¸ (#¸ (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚.ir ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚.irr%Ýà0 ~ àà0~(#~(#àà0` (#(#àÔ2U¤ÔÚ  Ú2Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#àÝ  ÝIdentification€of€possible€technical€assistance€projects€by€the€treaty€bodies;݃.irr%%ÝŒÐ8 ˆ¸ (#¸ (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚.ir ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚.irÄ&Ýà0 ~ àà0~(#~(#àà0` (#(#àÔ2U¤ÔÚ  Ú3Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#àÝ  ÝQuestion€of€the€extent€of€reservations€to€human€rights€instruments;݃.irÄ&ï&݌Р`¸ (#¸ (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚.ir ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚.ir (Ýà0 ~ àà0~(#~(#àà0` (#(#àÔ2U¤ÔÚ  Ú4Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#àÝ  ÝComments€and€recommendations€to€the€preparatory€Committee€for€theÐ è 8  ÐWorld€Conference€on€Human€Rights;݃.ir (6(݌Р¸ (#¸ (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚.ir ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚.ir~)Ýà0 ~ àà0~(#~(#àà0` (#(#àÔ2U¤ÔÚ  Ú5Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#àÝ  ÝDevelopments€relating€to€the€Ô_ÔCentreÔ_Ô€for€Human€Rights,€including€supportÐ ¬ü  Ðfor€the€work€of€the€treaty€bodies.݃.ir~)©)݌Р¸ (#¸ (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚,é; ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚,é;+Ýà0 ~ àÔ2U¤ÔÚ  Ú6Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` ~(#~(#àÝ  ÝOther€matters.݃,é;+C+ÝŒÐpÀ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÝ ‚,é; ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚,é;,Ýà0 ~ àÔ2U¤ÔÚ  Ú7Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` ~(#~(#àÝ  ÝConclusions€and€Recommendations.݃,é;,-,ÝŒÐH˜` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ7°XŽX7#€%°X°~ŒX7#€%¹7ÓÌÝ ‚(3£ ÝÝ  ÝÓ' XÉ)!°XŽX7#€%'ÓÓ0°X~‹X)!(#€%XÉ)!0ÓÝ‚(3£5-ÝÔ2U¤ÔÚ  Ú8Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝÝ ƒÿÿÿÝÝ  ÝThe€following€documentation€was€made€available€to€the€participants:݃(3£5-·-݌Рp(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  à(a)à ` àProvisional€agenda€(Ô_ÔHRIÔ_Ô/MC/1992/1);Ð øH ÐÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà  à(b)à ` àReport€of€the€Secretary„General€on€progress€achieved€in€improving€the€operationÐ Ð  Ðof€the€treaty€bodies€(Ô_ÔHRIÔ_Ô/MC/1992/2);Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà  à(c)à ` àReport€of€the€Secretary„General€on€the€status€of€the€international€human€rightsÐ ”ä Ðinstruments€and€the€general€situation€of€overdue€reports€(Ô_ÔHRIÔ_Ô/MC/1992/3);Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà  à(d)à ` àWorking€paper€prepared€by€the€secretariat€on€the€question€of€the€extent€ofÐ X ¨ Ðreservations€to€human€rights€instruments;Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà  à(e)à ` àCompilation€of€general€comments€and€general€recommendations€adopted€byÐ #l! Ðhuman€rights€treaty€bodies€(Ô_ÔHRIÔ_Ô/Ô_ÔGENÔ_Ô/1);Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà  à(f)à ` àBackground€documents,€including€the€notes€by€the€Secretary„General€to€whichÐ à%0!$ Ðwere€annexed€the€reports€of€the€first€second€and€third€meetings€of€the€chairpersonsÏ(A/39/484,€A/44/98€and€A/45/636);€a€study€by€Mr.€Philip€Alston€on€possible€long„¼term€approaches€to€enhancing€the€effective€operation€of€the€human€rights€treatyÏbodies€(A/44/668);€relevant€reports€of€the€Secretary„General€to€the€Commission€onÏHuman€Rights€and€to€the€Ô_ÔSubñ—ññ–ñ„ñ–ññ—ñcommissionÔ_Ô€on€Prevention€of€Discrimination€andÏProtection€of€Minorities€(E/CN.4/1992/44,€E/CN.4/1992/75€andÏE/CN.4/Sub.2/1992/27€and€Corr.1);€General€Assembly€resolutions€45/85€45/115Ïand€46/111;€Commission€on€Human€Rights€resolutions€1991/20€and€1992/15;€andÏvarious€reports€and€other€documents€relating€to€the€meetings€of€the€PreparatoryÏCommittee€of€the€World€Conference€on€Human€Rights.Ð/h*.` (#` (# Ї9.à  àThe€meeting€was€opened€by€Mr.€Ô_ÔEnayatÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔHoushmandÔ_Ô.€Chief€of€the€Implementation€ofÐ ° ÐInternational€Instruments€and€Procedures€Branch€of€the€Ô_ÔCentreÔ_Ô€for€Human€Rights,€on€behalf€of€theÏUnder„Secretary„General€for€Human€Rights.€In€his€introductory€statement,€Mr.€Houshmand€noted,Ïòòinter€alia,€óóthat€there€had€been€a€significant€increase€in€the€numbers€of€States€parties€to€each€of€theÐ tÄ Ðhuman€rights€instruments€since€the€third€meeting€of€chairpersons€in€1990€and€that,€at€present,Ïmore€than€160€States€were€party€to€one€or€more€of€those€instruments.ÌÌ10.à  àHe€drew€particular€attention€to€two€issues€that€needed€to€be€addressed€by€the€meeting.€TheÐ $ t Ðfirst€concerned€the€question€of€the€extent€of€reservations€to€the€various€human€rights€conventions,Ïwhich€had€been€considered€by€a€number€of€human€rights€treaty€bodies,€as€well€as€by€theÏSubcommission€on€Prevention€of€Discrimination€and€Protection€of€Minorities.€Those€bodies€hadÏexpressed€concern€that€certain€reservations€could€have€the€effect€of€undermining€the€human€rightsÏtreaties.€In€its€resolution€1992/15,€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€had€requested€that€the€issueÏbe€included€in€the€agenda€of€the€fourth€meeting€of€chairpersons.€The€second€issue€concerned€theÏsuggestion€made€by€two€members€of€treaty€bodies€that€the€meeting€of€chairpersons€shouldÏexamine€the€possibility€of€undertaking€preventive€action€against€human€rights€Ý ƒÿÿÿÝÝ  Ýviolations,€withinÏthe€scope€of€the€activities€of€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies.€Additionally,€in€his€report€to€theÏforty„seventh€session€of€the€General€Assembly€on€the€work€of€the€Organization,€the€Secretary„¼General€had€identified€the€need€to€consider€ways€to€empower€him€and€the€expert€human€rightsÏbodies€to€bring€massive€violations€of€human€rights€to€the€attention€of€the€Security€Council,Ïtogether€with€recommendations€for€action.ÌÌÓ4 XÉ)!°X~‹X)!(#X‡-4ÓÓAÓØ ØÓb€ 0(uh8 8GbÓÝ ‚(3£ ÝÝ  ÝÓ0°XQ‰X•xƒXXÉ)!0ÓÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£¶?ÝÔ2uhÔÚ  Ú11Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝMrs.€Mervat€Tallawy€was€elected€Chairperson€of€the€meeting€and€Mr.€Philip€Alston€was€Ýƒ(3£¶?@ÝŒÐøH(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ@ÓÓÓelected€Rapporteur.ÌÌÓAÓÝ ‚(3£ ÝÝ  ÝÓ<°XQ°ŠX•xƒX°XQ‰X•xƒX<ÓÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£TAÝÔ2uhÔÚ  Ú12Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝOn€15€and€16€October€1992,€the€chairpersons€considered€the€draft€report€on€their€fourth€Ýƒ(3£TAÇA݌м (#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ»AÓÓCÓmeeting.€The€report,€as€amended€during€the€course€of€the€discussion,€was€adopted€unanimously€byÏthe€chairpersons.ÌÌÌà8  àIII.€à0` Ð Ð àREVIEW€OF€RECENT€DEVELOPMENTS€RELATING€TO€THE€WORKÐ X ¨ ÐOF€THE€TREATY€BODIES€AND€FOLLOW„UP€TO€THEÏCONCLUSIONS€AND€RECOMMENDATIONS€ADOPTED€AT€THEÏTHIRD€MEETING€OF€CHAIRPERSONS€AND€MATTERS€REQUIRINGÏSPECIAL€CONSIDERATIONÐ ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÓb€ 3(¥h8 80bÓÌÓÌBÓÓb€ <(E¤8 83bÓÝ ‚(3£ ÝÝ  ÝÓ0 XQ@!°XQ°ŠX•xƒX0ÓÓ0°XT°ŒX@!(#€%XQ@!0ÓÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£JEÝÔ2E¤ÔÚ  Ú13Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝConsideration€of€agenda€items€4€and€5€began€with€a€brief€oral€overview€by€each€of€the€Ýƒ(3£JEáEÝŒÐà%0!$(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓÕEÓÓDÓparticipants€of€recent€developments€of€special€concern€to€the€respective€treaty€bodies.€ParticipantsÏnoted€that€the€significant€increase€in€the€number€of€States€parties€to€each€of€the€instruments€meantÏthat€many€of€the€long„standing€problems€of€the€treaty€bodies€needed€to€be€addressed€immediatelyÏif€the€treaty€body€system€were€to€carry€out€its€functions€effectively.€Chief€among€those€problemsÏwere€the€precarious€financial€situation€of€some€of€the€committees€and€the€general€need€forÏincreased€servicing€from€the€secretariat€on€the€part€of€all€committees.€Additionally,€a€reliableÏinformation€infrastructure€was€needed€to€ensure€that€the€members€of€the€various€committees€wereÏinformed€of€all€relevant€developments€and€that€the€work€of€the€treaty€bodies€was€sufficientlyÏpublicized.ÌÐ /h*. Ð14.à  àThroughout€theiròò€óódiscussions,€the€chairpersons€emphasized€the€importance€of€theÐ ° Ðpromotion€and€protection€of€human€rights€within€the€scope€of€the€activities€of€the€United€Nations.ÏRecent€developments€had€demonstrated€the€close€connection€between€human€rights€and€nationalÏstability€and€development€as€well€as€international€peace€and€security.€If€United€Nations€action€inÏthe€field€of€human€rights€was€to€be€responsive€to€both€the€increased€demands€being€placed€upon€itÏby€Governments€and€the€rising€expectations€of€the€general€public,€a€significantly€greaterÏcommitment€of€resources€to€United€Nations€human€rights€programmes€would€be€necessary.ÏAlthough€theòò€óóhuman€rights€treaty€bodies€were€at€the€centre€of€the€efforts€to€implement€theÐ $ t Ðinternational€human€rights€standards€adopted€by€the€United€Nations,€their€effective€functioningÏcould€not€be€considered€in€isolation€from€the€support€provided€under€other€activities€of€the€CentreÏfor€Human€Rights,€particularly€activities€relating€to€information€and€technical€assistance.€IfÏgreater€resources€were€not€forthcoming,€the€United€Nations€human€rights€programme€as€a€wholeÏrisked€losing€credibility.ÌÌÌòòTimely€submission€of€overdue€reportsóóÐ „Ô  ÐÌÓ4 XQ@!°XT°ŒX@!(#X¥E4ÓÓ-°XXÿ"(#ž#€%XQ@!-Ó15.€à  àThe€chairpersons€emphasized€that€the€timely€submission€of€reports€was€essential€for€theÐ \¬ Ðeffective€discharge€by€the€treaty€bodies€of€their€duties€under€the€various€instruments.€Since€theÏreports€formed€the€basis€of€the€dialogue€between€the€committees€and€the€States€parties,€overdueÏreports€constituted€a€serious€interruption€of€the€implementation€process€envisaged€under€suchÏinstruments.€While€a€large€number€of€States€parties€were€overdue€in€meeting€their€reportingÏobligations,€it€was€noted€that€a€small€number€of€States€accounted€for€a€disproportionate€number€ofÏthe€overdue€reports€for€all€of€the€instruments.€Some€of€the€committees€had€taken€initiatives€toÏfocus€attention€on€those€States€and€invited€them€to€submit€relevant€information€in€accordanceÏwith€their€reporting€obligations.€It€would€be€helpful€if€all€of€the€treaty€bodies€would,€at€the€veryÏleast,€identify€those€States€whose€reports€were€long€overdue€so€that€steps€could€be€taken€to€re„¼establish€cooperation€betweenò ò€ó óthe€committees€and€the€States€concerned.€This€would€also€facilitateÐ ”ä Ðthe€identification€of€factors€and€difficulties€experienced€by€those€States€with€regard€to€theirÏreporting€obligations.€The€need€to€establish€an€ongoing€regular€dialogue€was€particularlyÏimportant€in€the€case€of€the€few€States€whose€initial€reports€were€long€overdue.€By€failing€to€fulfilÏtheir€obligations€under€the€respective€instruments€to€which€they€were€a€party,€such€StatesÏthreatened€the€credibility€of€the€monitoring€process€as€a€whole.€A€range€of€alternative€approachesÏto€deal€with€this€grave€situation€and€encourage€the€closer€cooperation€of€all€States€parties€wasÏdiscussed€by€the€participants.ÌÌ16.€à  àIt€was€also€noted€that€the€long€delay€in€some€cases€between€the€submission€of€a€report€andÐ ä%4!$ Ðits€actual€consideration€by€the€committee€concerned€was€a€disincentive€for€States€to€submit€theirÏreports€on€time.€The€primary€reason€cited€for€such€delays€was€the€lack€of€sufficient€time€availableÏto€those€treaty€bodies€for€the€consideration€of€reports.€This€was€particularly€problematic€for€thoseÏcommittees€which€were€only€able€to€meet€annually€and€then€often€for€an€insufficient€period€ofÏtime.€Significant€backlogs€in€the€consideration€of€reports€resulted€in€various€detrimental€effects,Ïincluding€the€fact€that€reports€lost€their€timeliness€and€necessitated€the€provision€of€substantialÏsupplementary€reporting€by€the€State€party.€ÌÌÌòòUniversalization€of€the€human€rights€instrumentsóóÐ /l*. ЇÓäFÓØ ØÓb€ (5h88<bÓÝ ‚(3£ ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£ZÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú17Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  Ý€Participants€welcomed€the€appreciable€increase€in€the€number€of€States€parties€to€the€Ýƒ(3£ZHZ݌а(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ(e¤88bÓÝ ‚(3£ ÝÝ  ÝÓ?°X°É‹X‘!(#€%°XÉ‹X‘!(#X?ÓÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£è¡ÝÔ2e¤ÔÚ  Ú32Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝWith€regard€to€the€World€Conference,€attention€was€drawn€to€the€letter€addressed€to€Mr.݃(3£è¡^¢ÝŒÐ)à$((#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓR¢ÓÓ™ÓAntoine€Blanca,€Under„Secretary„General€for€Human€Rights€and€Secretary„General€of€the€WorldÏConference€on€Human€Rights,€by€the€four€representatives€of€the€treaty€bodies€to€the€third€sessionÏof€the€Preparatory€Committee.€In€their€letter,€the€treaty€body€representatives€pointed€out€that€theyÏhad€been€placed€at€a€disadvantage€and€thereby€unable€to€make€a€full€contribution€to€theÏpreparatory€process.€The€representatives€suggested€that,€pursuant€to€General€Assembly€resolutionÏ45/155,€a€special€working€group€should€be€established€to€examine€the€issues€relevant€to€theÐ /h*. Ðimplementation€of€existing€human€rights€standards€and€instruments,€evaluate€the€effectiveness€ofÏUnited€Nations€methods€and€mechanisms,€and€formulate€concrete€recommendations€forÏimproving€the€effectiveness€of€United€Nations€mechanisms€aimed€at€promoting,€encouraging€andÏmonitoring€respect€for€human€rights€and€fundamental€freedoms.ÌÌÓC°XÉ‹X‘!(#X°X°É‹X‘!(#X¢CÓÓ<°Xq‹Xa!(#€%°XÉ‹X‘!(#X<Ó33.à  àThe€chairpersons€noted€that€the€World€Conference€on€Human€Rights€had€been€discussedÐ L œ Ðin€each€of€the€treaty€bodies€and€a€number€of€constructive€recommendations€had€been€adopted€as€aÏresult.€Additionally,€provision€had€been€made€by€the€United€Nations€for€representatives€of€theÏtreaty€bodies€to€attend€the€sessions€of€the€Preparatory€Committee.€Participants€expressed€theirÏregret€at€the€difficulties€that€had€been€encountered€in€the€past€and€strongly€urged€that€the€treatyÏbody€representatives€should,€in€the€future,€be€provided€with€every€opportunity€to€participateÏeffectively€in€the€preparatory€process.€They€also€strongly€supported€the€establishment€of€a€specialÏworking€group€at€the€Preparatory€Committee€and€at€the€World€Conference,€as€proposed€in€theÏletter,€as€an€important€means€to€facilitate€the€realization€of€the€objectives€of€the€Conference,€as€setÏout€in€General€Assembly€resolution€45/155.€It€was€also€agreed€that€the€treaty€bodies€should€beÏrepresented€at€the€regional€meetings€that€were€to€be€held€as€part€of€the€preparatory€process,€as€wellÏas€at€the€satellite€meetings,€as€appropriate.ÌÌÌòòIdentification€by€the€treaty€bodies€of€possible€technical€assistance€and€advisory€servicesÐ 4„ ÐóóÌØ! ØÓb€ (5h8!8>bÓÝ ‚(3£! ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚(3£÷¬ÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú34Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€participants€were€informed€by€the€secretariat€that€training€courses€had€been€organized݃(3£÷¬"­ÝŒÐ \(#(# ÐŒÝ  Ýin€the€past€by€the€Ô_ÔCentreÔ_Ô,€in€cooperation€with€the€United€Nations€Institute€for€Training€andÏResearch€(Ô_ÔUNITARÔ_Ô)€initially,€and€later€with€the€support€of€the€Voluntary€Fund€for€TechnicalÏCooperation€in€the€Field€of€Human€Rights,€for€state€officials€in€regions€or€subregions€on€theÏreporting€obligations€under€all€treaties€in€force.€It€was€suggested€that€it€might€be€useful€to€evaluateÏhow€that€training€had€helped€to€improve€the€reporting€by€the€States€parties€concerned.€The€treatyÏbodies€might€then€envisage€recommending€the€organization€of€training€courses€on€a€regional€orÏÔ_ÔsubregionalÔ_Ô€level.ÌÌÓb£ÓÝ ‚(3£" ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£Ü°ÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú35Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€chairpersons€were€further€informed€that€the€Ô_ÔprogrammeÔ_Ô€had€recently€focused€on€Ýƒ(3£Ü°±ÝŒÐX ¨(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ±ÓÓ¨Óproviding€ad€hoc€advisory€services€to€the€States€parties€upon€request€and€when€an€organ€such€asÏthe€Commission€on€Human€Rights€had€so€recommended.€It€was,€however,€more€expensive€toÏprovide€assistance€on€a€national€basis€than€on€a€regional€one,€and€such€service€could€not€beÏprovided€to€all€States€parties.€Accordingly,€assistance€should€be€provided€to€those€countriesÏwhose€needs€were€of€a€priority€nature.€In€that€connection,€it€was€suggested€that€priority€should€beÏplaced€on€providing€assistance€to€developing€countries€having€already€demonstrated€consistentÏproblems€with€reporting€underÓ@°XÉ‹X‘!(#X°Xq‹Xa!(#XP§@Ó€various€human€rights€treaties€and€that€officials€of€national€humanÏrights€institutions€and€of€non„governmental€organizations€should€be€included.€InternationalÏtraining€institutions€should€also€be€invited€to€include€the€reporting€systems€in€their€Ô_ÔprogrammesÔ_Ô.ÌÌÌòòÓ- Xå°XÉ‹X‘!(#X-ÓExtent€of€reservations€to€human€rights€treatiesÐ h+¸&* ÐóóÌÓ2²ÓÝ ‚(3£# ÝÝ  ÝÓ! X !Xå!ÓÓ0°XL‹X !(#€%X !0ÓÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£¶ÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú36Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝEach€chairperson€presented€the€situation€of€reservations€with€regard€to€the€respective݃(3£¶·ÝŒÐ@-(,(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓû¶ÓÓ·Ótreaty.€The€situation€was€felt€to€be€very€alarming€concerning€the€Convention€on€the€Elimination€ofÏAll€Forms€of€Discrimination€against€Women€since€a€number€of€reservations€were€thought€by€theÐ /h*. ÐCommittee€on€the€Elimination€of€Discrimination€against€Women€to€be€incompatible€with€theÏobject€and€purpose€of€the€Convention€and€should€not€have€been€permitted.€The€same€question€wasÏalso€raised€with€regard€to€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child.€It€was€agreed€that€the€StatesÏparties€concerned€should€be€urged€to€withdraw€the€reservations€and€that€other€States€partiesÏshould€not€hesitate€to€object€to€such€reservations€as€appropriate.€The€treaty€bodies€shouldÏsystematically€review€reservations€made€when€considering€a€report€and€include€in€the€list€ofÏquestions€to€be€addressed€to€reporting€Governments€a€question€as€to€whether€a€given€reservationÏwas€still€necessary€and€whether€a€State€party€would€consider€withdrawing€a€reservation€that€mightÏbe€considered€by€the€treaty€body€concerned€as€being€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€ofÏthe€treaty.€The€chairpersons€also€discussed€the€feasibility€of€a€comparative€study€on€theÏreservations€made€to€the€seven€existing€treaties.€It€was€suggested€that€such€a€study€could€beÏprepared,€without€financial€implications,€by€the€Ô_ÔSubcommissionÔ_Ô€on€Prevention€of€DiscriminationÏand€Protection€of€Minorities.ÌÌÌòòMassive€violations€of€human€rightÐ „Ô  ÐóóÌÓ ¸ÓÝ ‚(3£$ ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£æ½ÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú37Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€chairpersons€examined€the€suggestion€made€by€the€Secretary„General€òòlóó/€that€ways݃(3£æ½¾ÝŒÐ\¬(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ¾ÓÓ½Óshould€be€explored€of€empowering€the€Secretary„General€and€expert€human€rights€bodies€to€bringÏmassive€violations€of€human€rights€to€the€attention€of€the€Security€Council€together€withÏrecommendations€for€action.€The€chairpersons€fully€endorsed€this€suggestion.€The€definition€ofÏ"massive"€violations€was€discussed€in€particular.€It€was€agreed€that€the€identification€by€expertÏbodies€of€"massive"€violations€should€not€be€limited€to€assessing€the€quantity€of€violationsÏcommitted.€The€gravity€of€violations€committed€with€respect€to€a€limited€number€of€victims€couldÏsuffice€to€qualify€a€violation€as€"massive".€A€situation€in€a€country€where€the€human€rights€ofÏthousands€of€persons€were€persistently€violated€could€also€be€considered€as€a€"massive"€violation.ÏAll€human€rights€should€be€taken€into€consideration€in€that€respect.€Each€organ€could€decideÏwhich€situation€required€forwarding€to€the€Security€Council.ÌÌÌòòPrevention€of€human€rights€violations€and€urgent€actionÐ X ¨ ÐóóÌÓ#¿ÓÝ ‚(3£% ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£-ÃÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú38Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€chairpersons€agreed€to€the€suggestions€of€some€members€of€the€treaty€bodies€that€it݃(3£-ÃdÃÝŒÐ0"€ (#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓXÃÓÓÄÓwould€be€useful€to€examine€how€violations€of€human€rights€could€be€effectively€prevented€andÏrecommended€that€the€treaty€bodies€give€further€consideration€to€the€subject€as€appropriate.Ó4 X !°XL‹X !(#X˶4ÓÝ ƒÿÿÿÝÝ  ÝÌÌÓhÄÓÝ ‚(3£& ÝÝ  ÝÓ0°X‹X !(#€%X !0ÓÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£’ÅÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú39Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝUrgent€action€was€felt€to€be€necessary€in€order€to€monitor€emergency€situations€and€to€Ýƒ(3£’ÅùÅÝŒÐà%0!$(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓíÅÓÓÊÓallow€the€treaty€bodies€to€intervene€rapidly€in€such€situations.ÌÌÌòòÓ0 °XX°X‹X !(#X0ÓAgenda€of€the€fifth€sessionÐ )à$( ÐÌóó40.à  àThe€chairpersons€approved€a€tentative€list€of€issues€that€should€be€reflected€in€the€draftÐ h+¸&* Ðagenda€for€the€fifth€meeting€of€the€chairpersons.ÌÌÌÓýÆÓÓ'X ú °XX'ÓÓ ºÓÓ ºÓÓ  ÓIV.€€€CONCLUSIONS€AND€RECOMMENDATIONSÐ /h*. ÐÓ º®ÈÓÓ¼ÈÓÓ ºÓÓÍÓÌÓ2ÉÓÓb€ *(Uh8'8bÓÝ ‚(3£' ÝÝ  ÝÓ3°XÌ‹Xe!(#€%X ú 3ÓÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£µÉÝÔ2UhÔÚ  Ú40Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€following€conclusions€and€recommendations€are€submitted€to€the€General€Assembly݃(3£µÉÊ݌Мì(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓÊÓÓÏÓfor€its€consideration€in€accordance€with€resolution€46/111.€Some€concern€action€that€might€beÏtaken€by€the€Assembly€itself€or€by€other€appropriate€organs€of€the€United€Nations,€while€othersÏfall€within€the€competence€of€the€Secretary„General,€of€the€respective€treaty€bodies€or€of€theÏStates€parties€to€the€treaties.€However,€no€distinction€is€drawn€in€this€regard€for€the€purposes€ofÏthe€present€report,€since€the€mandate€of€the€meeting€is€to€propose€diverse€means€to€improve€theÏfunctioning€of€the€treaty€supervisory€system€within€the€overall€framework€of€the€United€Nations.ÌÌÌòòÓ*X°XÌ‹Xe!(#X*ÓRole€of€the€Security€Council€and€development€of€effective€responses€in€emergency€situationsÐ è 8  ÐóóÌÓËÓÝ ‚(3£( ÝÝ  ÝÓ X§e!XÓÓ0°Xv‹Xe!(#€%X§e!0ÓÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£$ÎÝÔ2UhÔÚ  Ú41Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝIn€relation€to€the€work€of€the€Security€Council,€the€chairpersons€consider€that€human݃(3£$ΩÎÝŒÐÀ (#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓÎÓÓÑÓrights€issues€need€to€be€accorded€appropriate€priority,€on€a€continuing€basis,€at€all€times.€In€thisÏregard,€the€chairpersons€welcomed€the€recognition€by€the€Security€Council,€at€its€January€1992Ïmeeting€at€the€level€of€heads€of€State€and€Government,€that€"the€absence€of€war€and€militaryÏconflicts€amongst€States€does€not€in€itself€ensure€international€peace€and€security.€The€non„¼military€sources€of€instability€in€the€economic,€social,€humanitarian€and€ecological€fields€haveÏbecome€threats€to€peace€and€security".€òò2óó/€Similarly,€as€noted€by€the€Secretary„General€in€his€1992Ð H˜ Ðannual€report,€"respect€for€human€rights€is€clearly€important€in€order€to€maintain€internationalÏpeace€and€security".€òò3óó/Ð  p ÐÌÝ ‚(3£) ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚(3£¬ÒÝÔ2UhÔÚ  Ú42Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝAccordingly,€the€chairpersons€recommend€that€the€Security€Council€should€be€encouraged݃(3£¬Ò×ÒÝŒÐøH(#(# ÐŒÝ  Ýto€take€full€account,€in€its€deliberations€and€in€its€decisions€and€resolutions,€of€the€obligations€ofÏStates€concerned€pursuant€to€the€principal€human€rights€treaties.€The€chairpersons€also€expressÏtheir€full€support€for€the€proposal€made€by€the€Secretary„General€that€ways€should€be€explored€"ofÏempowering€the€Secretary„General€and€expert€human€rights€bodies€to€bring€massive€violations€ofÏhuman€rights€to€the€attention€of€the€Security€Council,€together€with€recommendations€for€action".Ð ”ä Ðòò4óó/€In€that€regard,€the€chairpersons€urge€the€treaty€bodies€to€take€all€appropriate€measures€inÐ €Ð Ðresponse€to€such€situations.€They€note€that€the€term€"massive",€as€used€in€this€context,€should€beÏinterpreted€in€the€light€of€the€January€1992€statement€of€the€Security€Council€and€should€thereforeÏencompass€the€persistence€of€massive€structural€violations€of€the€full€range€of€human€rights.ÌÓ4 X§e!°Xv‹Xe!(#XmÎ4ÓÓ0°Xv‹Xe!(#€%X§e!0ÓÌÓ4 X§e!°Xv‹Xe!(#X›×4ÓÓ«ÏÓÝ ‚(3£* ÝÝ  ÝÓ$ Xe¾ X§e!$ÓÓ0°X[‹Xß (#€%Xe¾ 0ÓÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£ØÝÔ2UhÔÚ  Ú43Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€chairpersons€note€that€the€treaty€bodies€have€an€important€role€in€seeking€to€prevent€Ýƒ(3£Ø›ØÝŒÐ#l!(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓØÓÓÖÓas€well€as€to€respond€to€human€rights€violations.€It€is€thus€appropriate€for€each€treaty€body€toÏundertake€an€urgent€examination€of€all€possible€measures€that€it€might€take,€within€itsÏcompetence,€both€to€prevent€human€rights€violations€from€occurring€and€to€monitor€more€closelyÏemergency€situations€of€all€kinds€arising€within€the€jurisdiction€of€States€parties.€WhereÏprocedural€innovations€are€required€for€this€purpose,€they€should€be€considered€as€soon€asÏpossible.ÌÌÓ¢ÙÓÝ ‚(3£+ ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£›ÛÝÔ2UhÔÚ  Ú44Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€chairpersons€recommend€that,€whenever€ad€hoc€expert€groups€are€being€established݃(3£›ÛÒÛÝŒÐ|*Ì%)(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓÆÛÓÓàÓby€United€Nations€bodies€or€by€the€Secretary„General€for€any€purpose€that€has€a€significantÏhuman€rights€objective,€consideration€be€given€to€drawing€upon€the€expertise€of€members€of€theÏhuman€rights€treaty€bodies.€In€that€regard,€the€chairpersons€considered€that€it€might€be€appropriateÏfor€a€member€of€one€of€the€treaty€bodies€to€be€included€as€part€of€the€commission€of€expertsÏappointed€pursuant€to€Security€Council€resolution€780€(1992)€to€consider€evidence€of€graveÐ /h*. Ðbreaches€of€international€humanitarian€law€in€the€territory€of€the€former€Yugoslavia.ÌÌÌòòMore€effective€integration€of€human€rights€into€the€totality€of€United€Nations€activitiesÐ tÄ ÐóóÌÓÓÜÓÝ ‚(3£, ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£¬ßÝÔ2UhÔÚ  Ú45Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€chairpersons€wish€to€emphasize€the€need€for€the€United€Nations€as€a€whole,€and€the݃(3£¬ßãßÝŒÐL œ(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ×ßÓÓãÓGeneral€Assembly€in€particular,€to€ensure€that€human€rights€concerns€are€fully€integrated€into€theÏoverall€range€of€activities€of€the€Organization.€For€this€purpose,€it€would€seem€appropriate€thatÏconsideration€be€given€to€undertaking€an€overall€review€of€the€system€with€a€view€to€identifyingÏthe€necessary€innovations€and€reforms.ÌÌÌòòFinancingÐ À  ÐóóÌÓæàÓÝ ‚(3£- ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£zâÝÔ2UhÔÚ  Ú46Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝIn€relation€to€the€financing€of€the€work€of€the€treaty€bodies,€the€chairpersons€express€their݃(3£zâ±â݌Иè (#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ¥âÓÓçÓwholehearted€support€for€the€initiatives€endorsed€by€the€respective€meetings€of€the€States€partiesÏto€the€International€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€Racial€Discrimination€and€theÏConvention€against€Torture€designed€to€provide€assured€funding€from€the€regular€budget€of€the€ÏUnited€Nations.€The€chairpersons€note€that€it€is€imperative€that€individual€States€parties€act€asÏrapidly€as€possible€to€ratify€the€resulting€amendments€to€the€two€treaties.ÌÌÓ»ãÓÝ ‚(3£. ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£­åÝÔ2UhÔÚ  Ú47Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝIn€the€period€prior€to€the€entry€into€force€of€those€amendments€there€will€continue€to€be€a݃(3£­åäå݌Р\(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓØåÓÓêÓcritical€need€to€assure€adequate€funding€to€the€two€committees€concerned€to€enable€them€to€fulfilÏadequately€their€supervisory€functions.€The€chairpersons€note€that,€especially€in€the€case€of€theÏCommittee€on€the€Elimination€of€Racial€Discrimination,€this€might€entail€the€need€for€theÏprovision€of€contingency€funds€by€the€Secretary„General€to€enable€the€Committee€to€meet€asÏscheduled€until€such€time€as€the€amendment€to€the€Convention€receives€the€necessary€number€ofÏratifications.Ó4 Xe¾ °X[‹Xß (#X_Ø4ÓÌÌÌòòSecretariat€servicingÐ X ¨ ÐóóÌÓìæÓÝ ‚(3£/ ÝÝ  ÝÓ*°XX|!(#€%Xe¾ *ÓÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£YéÝÔ2UhÔÚ  Ú48Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€chairpersons€note€that,€in€the€light€of€the€greatly€increased€recognition€of€the€need€for݃(3£YéºéÝŒÐ0"€ (#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ®éÓÓîÓhuman€rights€concerns€to€permeate€the€entire€range€of€international€endeavours,€the€resourcesÏavailable€to€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights€are€grossly€inadequate,€despite€recent€improvements,€toÏenable€it€to€fulfil€the€manifold€and€constantly€growing€number€of€tasks€entrusted€to€it.€In€the€viewÏof€the€participants,€existing€working€conditions€of€the€secretariat,€especially€in€terms€of€theÏfacilities€and€information€technology€available€at€Geneva,€can€best€be€described€as€primitive.ÏWhile€the€ramifications€of€the€issue€extend€well€beyond€the€immediate€mandate€of€the€meeting€ofÏchairpersons,€it€must€be€noted€that€many€of€the€urgent€needs€experienced€by€the€treaty€bodiesÏcannot€be€satisfactorily€dealt€with€in€the€absence€of€more€far„reaching€financial,€personnel€andÏadministrative€reforms.€The€chairpersons€urge€that€the€broader€situation€be€taken€fully€intoÏaccount€in€the€context€of€the€ongoing€restructuring€of€the€social€and€economic€activities€of€theÏUnited€Nations.ÌÓ. Xe¾ °XX|!(#X„é.ÓÓ*°XX|!(#€%Xe¾ *ÓÌ50.à  àThe€chairpersons€consider€that,€despite€the€best€effortsò ò€ó óof€the€available€staff€within€theÐ ,.|)- ÐCentre€for€Human€Rights€and€the€Branch€for€the€Advancement€of€Women,€the€resources€of€theÐ /l*. Ðsecretariat€required€to€ensure€adequate€servicing€of€each€of€the€treaty€bodies€are€not€available.ÏThis€inadequacy€has,€in€turn,€led€to€a€situation€in€which€requests€for€assistance€by€the€variousÏtreaty€bodies€are€sometimes€unable€to€be€met,€despite€the€fact€that€such€requests€have€been€kept€atÏan€artificially€low€level€in€recognition€of€the€impossibility€of€greater€assistance€being€providedÏfrom€existing€resources.€It€is€therefore€recommended€that€a€thorough€study€be€undertaken,€ideallyÏby€an€independent€expert,€of€the€full€range€of€measures€that€would€be€required€at€the€secretariatÏlevel€if€adequate€servicing€is€to€be€provided.ÌÌÌòòÓ' X|!°XX|!(#X'ÓInformation€sourcesÐ ü L  ÐóóÌÓÄêÓØ20ØÓb€ B(5¤828*bÓÝ ‚(3£2 ÝÝ  ÝÓ*°X‹X|!(#€%X|!*ÓÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£UóÝÔ25¤ÔÚ  Ú51Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝIn€view€of€the€fact€that€an€adequate€information€base€is€an€essential€prerequisite€for€the݃(3£Uó¶óÝŒÐÔ$ (#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓªóÓÓòÓeffective€functioning€of€the€supervisory€system,€the€chairpersons€believe€that€a€number€of€majorÏreforms€are€urgently€required.€In€general,€it€is€apparent€that€the€problems€encountered€by€the€treatyÏbodies€in€obtaining€access€to€information€are€closely€linked€to€the€broader€information€challengesÏfacing€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights.€The€chairpersons€believe€that€there€is€a€desperate€need€forÏthe€development€of€a€coherent€and€comprehensive€information€policy€within€the€Centre€as€aÏwhole.ÌÌÓ½ôÓÓb€ @(¤838BbÓÝ ‚(3£3 ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£+÷ÝÔ2¤ÔÚ  Ú52Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€starting„point€for€reform€should€be€the€creation€of€a€centralized€information€and݃(3£+÷b÷ÝŒÐ4„(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓV÷ÓÓüÓdocumentation€unit€within€the€Centre.€While€such€a€unit€will€require€space€and€the€services€of€aÏtrained€Ô_ÔdocumentalistÔ_Ô€and€others,€it€is€essential€to€the€work€of€the€Centre€as€a€whole€and€to€theÏsatisfactory€servicing€of€the€treaty€bodies.€It€is€recommended€that€the€General€Assembly€shouldÏrequest€the€Secretary„General€to€take€appropriate€steps€to€establish€such€a€unit.€In€the€meantime,Ïuntil€such€a€unit€is€established,€the€chairpersons€wish€to€reiterate,€for€the€third€time,€the€need€forÏthe€immediate€establishment€of€a€committee€resource€room,€which€would€enable€the€members€ofÏeach€committee€to€obtain€access€to€the€basic€documentation€required€for€the€effective€discharge€ofÏtheir€functions.€An€effort€should€also€be€made€to€provide€committee€members€with€access€to€on„¼line€information€databases€that€contain€information€of€direct€relevance€to€their€work.ÌÌÓdøÓÓb€ (5h848@bÓÝ ‚(3£4 ÝÝ  ÝÓ- Xeâ °X‹X|!(#X-ÓÓ0°X[‹Xâ (#€%Xeâ 0ÓÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£iüÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú53Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€chairpersons€note€that€the€process€of€requesting€voluntary€contributions€to€enable€the݃(3£iüýüÝŒÐX ¨(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓñüÓÓÓcomputerization€of€the€information€relating€to€the€work€of€the€treaty€bodies€was€begun€inÏFebruary€1992.€Member€States,€as€well€as€the€private€sector,€foundations€and€other€appropriateÏentities€are€urged€to€consider€contributing€to€the€fund.€The€Secretary„General€is€requested€toÏreport€regularly€to€the€treaty€bodies€on€the€progress€made€in€implementing€the€Ô_ÔprogrammeÔ_Ô€ofÏwork€identified€by€the€Computer€Task€Force€appointed€by€the€Secretary„General€at€the€request€ofÏthe€Commission€on€Human€Rights.€Immediate€measures€should€be€taken,€on€the€basis€of€theÏfunds€already€available,€to€begin€implementation€of€some€of€the€Task€Force's€recommendations.ÌÌÓþÓÝ ‚(3£5 ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£ÏÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú54Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝThe€chairpersons€request€the€secretariat€to€ensure€that€one€copy€of€a€comprehensive€Ýƒ(3£Ï݌Ф(ô#'(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓúÓÓÓcountry€dossier€is€available€to€each€committee€in€respect€of€each€State€party€whose€report€is€underÏconsideration€at€any€given€session.€The€dossier€should€be€as€comprehensive€as€possible€in€termsÏof€the€sources€of€information€reflected.€In€addition€to€the€full€range€of€directly€relevant€UnitedÏNations€documentation,€the€dossier€should€contain€all€available€information€from€non„¼governmental€sources€and€relevant€press€reports.ÌÌÓÓÝ ‚(3£6 ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£ÖÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú55Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝIn€order€to€ensure€an€adequate€flow€of€information€from€non„governmental€organizations,݃(3£Ö ÝŒÐ/h*.(#(# ÐÑ?*Ñâ ?âÑÑÑ  Ñâ ?âÑ  ÑŒÝ  ÝÓÓÓ Óeach€treaty€body€should€consider€formally€inviting€such€groups€to€submit€written€documentationÏand,€wherever€appropriate,€to€do€so€in€the€form€of€official€submissions.€The€chairpersons€alsoÏstrongly€urge€all€non„governmental€organizations€in€the€human€rights€field,€at€both€theÏinternational€and€national€levels,€to€seek€to€provide€as€much€relevant€information€as€possible€toÏthe€treaty€bodies€and€to€do€so€on€a€systematic€and€timely€basis.€At€a€minimum,€a€regular€flow€ofÏall€available€information€for€inclusion€in€country€dossiers€should€be€assured.ÌÌÌòòPublic€informationÐ  ` ÐóóÌÓdÓÝ ‚(3£7 ÝÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÝ‚(3£ÜÝÔ25hÔÚ  Ú56Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝIn€terms€of€public€information€activities€relating€to€the€work€of€the€treaty€bodies,€the€Ýƒ(3£ÜÝŒÐè 8 (#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓÓÓ Óchairpersons€are€firmly€convinced€that€there€is€a€need€for€an€integrated€and€comprehensive€publicÏinformation€strategy€for€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights€as€a€whole.€The€present€approach€isÏhaphazard,€under„Ô_ÔresourcedÔ_Ô€and€lacking€in€priorities.€Publicity€for€the€work€of€the€treaty€bodiesÏhas€suffered€as€a€result.€It€is€recommended€that€an€expert€group,€from€outside€the€secretariat,€beÏconstituted€with€a€view€to€undertaking€a€comprehensive€review€of€the€existing€informationÏÔ_ÔprogrammeÔ_Ô.€It€should€be€requested€to€make€recommendations,€taking€full€account€of€existingÏpolicy€guidelines,€for€the€development€of€an€entirely€new€strategy€that€seeks€to€integrate€the€needsÏof€the€various€sectors€within€the€human€rights€Ô_ÔprogrammeÔ_Ô,€including€the€treaty€bodies.ÏConsultation€with€the€latter€should€be€part€of€the€process€and€particular€attention€should€beÏfocused€on€the€needs€of€the€general€public,€throughout€the€world,€rather€than€only€on€those€alreadyÏinvolved€in€the€system€in€Geneva,€New€York€and€Vienna.ÌÌÓ4 Xeâ °X[‹Xâ (#XÁü4ÓÓ0°XV‹X2!(#€%Xeâ 0Ó57.à  àAt€the€very€least,€means€need€to€be€identified€for€the€more€effective€conveying€ofÐ ä4 Ðinformation€about€the€activities€of€one€organ€to€the€other€principal€organs€within€the€overallÏsystem.€This€includes€both€Charter„based€and€treaty„based€organs.€As€an€interim€measure,€theÏparticipants€decided€that€the€chairperson€of€each€committee€should,€immediately€after€eachÏsession€and€with€the€assistance€of€the€secretariat,€prepare€a€brief€(1„3€pages)€account€of€theÏsignificant€developments€that€have€taken€place€at€that€session€and€circulate€it,€at€least€to€the€otherÏchairpersons,€and€if€possible€to€all€committee€members.ÌÌ58.à  àThe€chairpersons€note€with€satisfaction€that€the€report€ofò ò€ó óeach€State€party€along€with€theÐ D!” Ðsummary€records€of€the€consideration€of€that€report€by€the€relevant€treaty€body€are€now€beingÏmade€available€through€theò ò€ó óUnited€Nations€information€Ô_ÔcentreÔ_Ô€located€in€the€country€concerned.€ItÐ  #p! Ðconsiders,€however,€that€the€treaty€bodies€themselves,€the€Governments€concerned,€the€secretariatÏand€non„governmental€organizations€should€all€consider€further€ways€of€disseminating€thatÏinformation€effectively€at€the€national€level.ÌÌ59.à  àIn€terms€of€specific€information€issues,€the€chairpersons€commend€the€publication€of€theÐ À'#& ÐòòManual€on€Reportingóó€and€request€that€the€remaining€language€versions€be€printed€as€soon€asÐ ¬(ü#' Ðpossible;€recommend€that€consideration€be€given€to€producing€the€òòManualóó€in€loose„leaf€format€toÐ ˜)è$( Ðfacilitate€regular€updating;€recommend€that,€in€future,€the€very€useful€compilation€of€generalÏcomments,€general€recommendations€and€so€on€be€published€with€an€index€to€improve€itsÏusefulness;€and€recommend€that€future€fact€sheets€dealing€with€the€work€of€any€of€the€treatyÏbodies€be€submitted€to€that€body,€or€at€least€its€chairperson,€for€review€prior€to€being€finalized.ÌÌÐ  /p*. ÐòòReservationsÐ ° ÐóóÌ60.à  àThe€chairpersons€consider€that€the€number,€nature€and€scope€of€the€reservations€that€haveÐ ˆØ Ðbeen€made€to€the€principal€human€rights€treaties€are€cause€for€alarm.€While€recognizing€that€thereÏis€an€important€and€legitimate€role€for€reservations€to€treaties,€they€note€that€some€of€theÏreservations€that€have€been€lodged€would€appear€to€give€rise€to€serious€questions€as€to€theirÏcompatibility€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€treaties€in€question.€For€this€reason,€and€becauseÏof€the€extent€to€which€such€reservations€have€the€potential€to€undermine€the€goals€of€the€treatyÏsystem,€the€chairpersons€believe€that€a€number€of€measures€are€required€to€be€taken.ÌÌ61.à  àIn€relation€to€reservations€that,€in€the€view€of€the€relevant€treaty€body,€give€rise€toÐ è 8  Ðsignificant€questions€in€terms€of€their€apparent€incompatibility€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€theÏtreaty,€that€treaty€body€should€consider€requesting€the€Economic€and€Social€Council€or€theÏGeneral€Assembly,€as€appropriate,€to€request€an€advisory€opinion€on€the€issue€from€theÏInternational€Court€of€Justice.Ó4 Xeâ °XV‹X2!(#X¨ 4ÓÌØ=8ØÓb€ E(E¤8=8bÓÓ$ XQ2!Xeâ $ÓÓ-åXå=Ò•‡XXQ2!-ÓÌ62.à  àThe€General€Assembly€is€requested€to€consider€giving€a€mandate€to€the€Commission€onÐ pÀ ÐHuman€Rights€to€authorize€the€preparation€of€an€analytical€study€of€issues€of€incompatibilityÏarising€out€of€the€reservations€that€have€been€made€to€the€principal€treaties,€to€be€undertaken€byÏthe€Ô_ÔSubcommissionÔ_Ô€on€Prevention€of€Discrimination€and€Protection€of€Minorities.ÌÌ63.à  àEach€State€that€is€considering€ratification€of€a€treaty€should€be€urged€to€give€the€mostÐ  \ Ðcareful€consideration€to€any€proposed€reservation€thereto€and€should€do€its€utmost€to€keep€theÏnumber€and€scope€of€such€reservations€to€a€minimum.€Such€reservations€should€be€as€specific€asÏpossible.€Once€a€reservation€has€been€made€the€State€party€should€undertake€a€regular€review€ofÏthe€continuing€need€for,€and€desirability€of,€all€such€reservations.€The€results€of€those€reviewsÏshould€be€reflected€in€each€report€submitted€by€the€State€party€to€the€treaty€body€concerned.€ThatÏtreaty€body€should€always€seek€to€address€the€issue€of€reservations€in€its€dialogue€with€the€StateÏparty.ÌÌ64.à  àThe€chairpersons€believe€that€it€is€essential,€if€the€present€system€relating€to€reservations€isÐ X ¨ Ðto€function€adequately,€that€States€that€are€already€parties€to€a€particular€treaty€should€give€fullÏconsideration€to€lodging€an€objection€on€each€occasion€when€that€may€be€appropriate.ÌÌ65.à  àWhenever€a€new€human€rights€treaty€is€being€drafted€the€most€careful€considerationÐ $X" Ðshould€be€given€to€the€inclusion€of€a€provision€permitting€the€relevant€treaty€body€to€request€anÏadvisory€opinion€from€the€International€Court€of€Justice€in€relation€to€any€reservation€that€itÏconsiders€might€be€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€treaty.€Similarly,Ïconsideration€should€be€given€to€the€identification€of€certain€provisions€as€being€non„Ô_ÔderogableÔ_ÔÏ(as€in€the€case€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights)€and€they€should€also€beÏidentified€as€not€being€subject€to€reservations.ÌÌÌòòSuccession€in€relation€to€human€rights€obligationsÐ T,¤'+ ÐóóÌ66.à  àIn€view€of€the€increasing€number€of€new€States€that€were€previously€part€of€States€that€hadÐ ,.|)- Ðaccepted€various€human€rights€treaty€obligations,€consideration€should€be€given€to€the€mostÐ /h*. ÐÑD*Ñâ DâÑÑÑ  Ñâ DâÑ  Ñappropriate€and€effective€means€by€which€the€provisions€of€such€treaties€can€be€treated€asÏapplying,€on€a€continuing€basis,€to€the€people€within€the€territories€concerned.€In€addition,€theÏGeneral€Assembly€should€urge€all€new€States€to€confirm€formally€their€acceptance€of€any€pre„¼existing€obligations€or€to€accede€to,€or€ratify,€all€of€the€principal€human€rights€treaties.€TheyÏshould€do€so€as€a€matter€of€urgency,€in€order€to€assure€to€all€persons€within€their€jurisdiction€theÏhighest€possible€level€of€protection.ÌÌÌòòNew€instrumentsÐ  ` ÐóóÌ67.à  àAs€far€as€possible€and€appropriate,€the€supervision€of€new€human€rights€treaty€obligationsÐ è 8  Ðshould€be€entrusted€to€one€or€other€of€the€existing€treaty€bodies.€Similarly,€careful€considerationÏshould€always€be€given€to€the€drafting€of€protocols€to€existing€instruments€in€preference€toÏentirely€newØ=Ø€treaties,€whenever€appropriate.€When€such€protocols€are€under€preparation€theÏrelevant€treaty€body€should€be€consulted€prior€toò ò€ó ótheir€final€adoption.Ð ˜è  ÐÓb€ *(Uh88EbÓÌ68.à  àIn€the€event,€however,€that€the€drafting€of€new€treaties€cannot€be€avoided,€the€periodicityÐ tÄ Ðof€reporting€should€be€left€open€provided€that€a€report€is€required€at€least€once€every€five€years.ÏSimilarly,€new€treaties€should€not€stipulate€a€maximum€duration€for€the€sessions€of€the€relevantÏsupervisory€body.€They€should€always€provide€for€the€financing€of€the€supervisory€mechanismsÏfrom€the€regular€budget.ÌÌ69.à  àWhenever€new€human€rights€instruments€are€being€drafted,€adequate€òòÔ_ÔtravauxÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔpreparatoiresÔ_ÔóóÐ üL Ðshould€be€undertaken€along€with€a€thorough€technical€review€prior€to€the€final€adoption€of€theÏtext.ÌÌÌòòOverdue€and€non„submitted€reportsÐ ˜è ÐóóÌ70.à  àThe€problem€of€excessively€overdue€reports€and€of€the€failure€to€submit€initial€reportsÐ pÀ Ðcontinues€to€give€rise€to€concern.€It€is€suggested€that€each€treaty€body€follow€the€practice€of€theÏCommittee€on€the€Elimination€of€Racial€Discrimination€in€listing€States€whose€reports€areÏoverdue€or€who€have€failed€to€submit€reports€in€order€of€the€length€of€time€involved.€This€practiceÏhelps€to€identify€those€States€parties€which€are€the€most€overdue€and€in€respect€of€which€aÏparticular€effort€is€needed€to€encourage€the€submission€of€the€necessary€reports.€Treaty€bodiesÏmight€also€consider€the€approach,€already€employed€by€the€Committee€on€Economic,€Social€andÏCultural€Rights,€of€adopting€a€specific€decision€identifying€those€States€parties€whose€reportingÏrecord€is€especially€unsatisfactory.ÌÌ71.à  àThe€chairpersons€recommend€that€each€treaty€body€follow,€as€a€last€resort€and€to€the€extentÐ ¨(ø#' Ðappropriate,€the€practice,€already€adopted€by€some€committees,€of€scheduling€for€considerationÏthe€situation€in€States€parties€that€have€consistently€failed€to€report€or€whose€reports€are€longÏoverdue.€They€note€that€a€persistent€and€long„term€failure€to€report€should€not€result€in€the€StateÏparty€concerned€being€immune€from€supervision€while€others,€which€had€reported,€were€subject€toÏcareful€monitoring.€Even€in€the€absence€of€a€report,€adequate€information€exists€from€otherÏappropriate€sources€on€the€basis€of€which€an€examination,€ideally€in€the€form€of€a€dialogue,€couldÏbe€undertaken.Ð /l*. Ї72.à  àIt€is€recommended€that€a€number€of€steps€be€explored€in€order€to€encourage€timelyÐ ° Ðreporting€by€all€States€parties.€They€include€an€effort€to€make€the€purpose€of€the€reports€and€theÏnature€of€the€supervisory€process€as€transparent€as€possible€to€all€concerned€in€the€process,€andÏespecially€to€government€officials;€holding,€at€the€national€level,€seminars€and€workshops€onÏreporting;€and€the€provision€of€specifically€tailored€advisory€services,€as€appropriate.ÌÌÌòòGlobal€reportsÐ $ t ÐóóÌ73.à  àConsideration€should€be€given,€at€least€in€the€longer€term,€to€the€feasibility€of€permittingÐ ü L  ÐStates€that€are€parties€to€more€than€one€of€the€treaties€to€prepare€a€single,€comprehensive,€globalÏreport,€which€would€be€used€to€satisfy€its€reporting€obligations€under€each€of€the€treaties.ÌÌÌòòLanguage€versions€of€instrumentsÐ ˜è  ÐóóÌ74.à  àThe€chairpersons€note€that€full€and€effective€implementation€of€human€rights€treatyÐ pÀ Ðobligations,€on€a€continuing€bass,€is€dependent€in€part€upon€a€knowledge€and€understanding€of€theÏrelevant€rights€by€the€residents€of€the€State€concerned.€For€this€reason,€it€is€imperative€that€everyÏeffort€be€made€to€translate€the€test€of€the€relevant€instruments€into€as€many€local€languages€asÏpossible€and,€in€any€event,€into€all€of€the€major€languages€used€in€the€country€concerned.€EachÏtreaty€body€should€therefore€request€all€States€parties€to€provide€it€with€details€of€the€differentÏlanguage€versions€available,€those€not€available€and€plans€for€future€translations.€WhereverÏpossible,€a€copy€of€the€available€translations€should€be€provided€in€order€to€enable€an€appropriateÏcollection€to€be€built€up€by€the€United€Nations.ÌÌÌòòAdvisory€services€and€technical€assistanceÐ ”ä ÐóóÌ75.à  àThe€chairpersons€recommend€that,€especially€in€relation€to€the€work€of€the€treaty€bodies,€aÐ l¼ Ðgreater€effort€should€be€made€to€integrate€and€harmonize€activities€in€the€fields€of€publicÏinformation,€advisory€services€and€national€institutions.€Training€provided€within€the€frameworkÏof€the€advisory€services€Ô_ÔprogrammeÔ_Ô€should,€in€so€far€as€it€concerns€reporting€and€the€work€of€theÏtreaty€bodies,€accord€priority€to€the€organization€of€low„cost€training€workshops€at€the€nationalÏlevel€designed€to€cater€for€the€needs€of€a€diverse€range€of€government€officials,€representatives€ofÏthe€various€social€partners,€including€workers€and€employers,€and€of€relevant€non„governmentalÏorganizations.€It€should€not€be€assumed€that€the€need€for€training€in€relation€to€reporting€systemsÏis€confined€to€one€or€two€government€officials€directly€involved€at€a€given€moment.ÌÌ76.à  àThe€secretariat,€in€consultation€with€the€treaty€bodies,€should€draw€up€a€list€of€priorityÐ ¤(ô#' Ðcountries€whose€reporting€record€would€seem€to€indicate€the€need€for€advisory€services€to€assistÏthe€preparation€of€long€overdue€reports.€A€letter€offering€specific€types€of€assistance€should€thenÏbe€dispatched€to€the€Governments€concerned€and€the€responses,€if€any,€brought€to€the€attention€ofÏthe€relevant€treaty€bodies.€The€chairpersons€also€recognize€that€it€is€essential€for€advisory€servicesÏto€be€provided€wherever€possible€in€order€to€assist€States€to€fulfil€their€human€rights€obligations.ÌÌÐ /h*. ÐòòWorld€Conference€on€Human€RightsÐ ° ÐóóÌ77.à  àIn€relation€to€the€work€of€the€Preparatory€Committee€for€the€World€Conference€on€HumanÐ ˆØ ÐRights,€the€chairpersons€consider€that€the€representatives€of€the€treaty€bodies€have€not€so€far€beenÏaccorded€an€adequate,€or€appropriate,€opportunity€to€contribute€to,€and€participate€in,€theÏdiscussions.€In€view€of€the€central€position€of€the€treaty€bodies€within€the€overall€United€NationsÏhuman€rights€system,€this€situation€is€a€matter€of€serious€concern.€Moreover,€it€completelyÏcontradicts€the€pertinent€recommendation€made€by€the€last€meeting€of€chairpersons€andÏsubsequently€endorsed€by€the€General€Assembly.€The€chairpersons€therefore€recommend€that,€atÏall€future€meetings€as€well€as€at€the€Conference€itself,€provision€should€be€made€for€the€fullÏparticipation€of€the€treaty€body€representatives€to€enable€advantage€to€be€taken€of€their€expertÏinput.€In€order€to€achieve€this€objective€fully,€and€in€recognition€of€the€fact€that€the€treaty€bodiesÏare€an€integral€part€of€the€United€Nations€human€rights€system,€the€General€Assembly€shouldÏrecommend€that€the€group€of€chairpersons€be€constituted€as€a€special€advisory€body€to€the€WorldÏConference.ÌÌ78.à  àThe€chairpersons€are€also€concerned€that€discussions€concerning€the€agenda€for€the€WorldÐ pÀ ÐConference€have€so€inadequately€reflected€the€priority€accorded€to€issues€relating€to€the€treatyÏbodies€as€stated€in€paragraphs€1€(c)€to€(e)€of€General€Assembly€resolution€45/155€of€18€DecemberÏ1990.€It€is€therefore€recommended€that€efforts€be€made€to€ensure€that€sustained€consideration€beÏgiven€to€those€issues€in€the€agenda.€Moreover,€the€chairpersons€recommend€that€a€special€workingÏgroup€be€established€at€the€World€Conference€to€examine€issues€relevant€to€the€implementation€ofÏexisting€human€rights€standards€and€instruments,€to€formulate€concrete€recommendations€forÏimproving€the€effectiveness€of€United€Nations€mechanisms€aimed€at€promoting,€encouraging€andÏmonitoring€respect€for€human€rights,€and€to€review€the€progress€made€in€the€implementation€ofÏthe€recommendations€contained€herein.ÌÌ79.à  àRegional€preparatory€meetings€for€the€World€Conference€should€also€involveÐ ”ä Ðrepresentatives€of€the€treaty€bodies€and€consideration€should€similarly€be€given€to€working€groupsÏexamining€the€issues€described€in€the€preceding€paragraph.ÌÌ80.à  àThe€chairpersons€recommend€that€consideration€be€given€to€the€holding€of€a€meeting,Ð D!” Ðwithin€the€framework€of€the€World€Conference,€of€the€persons€chairing€the€United€Nations€humanÏrights€treaty€bodies€and€those€chairing€(or€holding€an€equivalent€position€on)€each€of€the€principalÏregional€and€other€human€rights€organizations,€including€the€African€Commission€on€Human€andÏPeoples'€Rights,€the€European€Commission€on€Human€Rights,€the€European€Court€of€HumanÏRights,€the€Inter„American€Commission€on€Human€Rights,€the€Inter„American€Court€of€HumanÏRights,€the€Committee€on€the€Application€of€Conventions€and€Recommendations€of€ILO€and€theÏCommittee€on€Conventions€and€Recommendations€of€the€United€Nations€Educational,€ScientificÏand€Cultural€Organization€(UNESCO).ÌÌ81.à  àThe€chairpersons€recommend€that€the€General€Assembly€request€that€an€updated€versionÐ |*Ì%) Ðof€the€independent€expert's€study€on€possible€long„term€approaches€to€enhancing€the€effectiveÏoperation€of€existing€and€prospective€treaty€bodies€(A/44/668),€the€preparation€of€which€wasÏoriginally€requested€by€General€Assembly€resolution€43/115€of€8€December€1988,€be€submitted€toÏthe€World€Conference€on€Human€Rights.ÌÐ /h*. Ð82.à  àThe€secretariat€should€include€one€or€more€members€of€the€treaty€bodies€within€the€groupÐ ° Ðof€persons€who€will€be€reviewing€the€content€of€the€"prototype"€studies€to€be€submitted€to€theÏWorld€Conference.ÌÌÌòòOther€mattersÐ L œ ÐóóÌ83.à  àIn€view€of€the€central€importance€of€the€principle€of€the€indivisibility€of€the€two€sets€ofÐ $ t Ðrights,€as€reflected€in€the€preamble€to€each€of€the€International€Covenants,€any€State€that€hasÏratified€only€one€of€the€International€Covenants€should€be€urged€to€give€very€careful€considerationÏto€the€possibility€of€ratifying€the€other€Covenant€as€soon€as€possible.ÌÌ84.à  àThe€chairpersons€strongly€reiterate€the€recommendation€made€in€the€report€on€their€thirdÐ À  Ðsession€to€the€effect€that€the€servicing€by€the€secretariat€of€the€Committee€on€the€Elimination€ofÏDiscrimination€against€Women€should€be€provided€from€the€Ô_ÔCentreÔ_Ô€for€Human€Rights€at€Geneva.ÏIt€is€essential€that€a€unified€approach€to€servicing€be€put€in€place€in€order€to€ensure€that€Ô_ÔthatÔ_ÔÏCommittee€has€access€to€the€same€services€and€facilities€as€the€other€committees€and€to€achieveÏthe€full€and€effective€integration€of€the€Committee€into€the€overall€human€rights€treaty€regime.ÌÌ85à  àIt€is€recommended€that€at€the€next€meeting€of€the€chairpersons€representatives€of€non„Ð 4„ Ðgovernmental€organizations€be€invited€to€address€the€meeting€and€to€submit€appropriateÏrecommendations€for€consideration€by€the€meeting.ÌÌ86.à  àThe€chairpersons€wish€to€emphasize€the€value€of€holding€meetings€of€the€treaty€bodiesÐ ä4 Ðoutside€of€Geneva,€New€York€and€Vienna.€They€note,€however,€that€existing€financial€and€otherÏrequirements€tend€to€make€the€cost€of€any€such€meeting€prohibitive.€For€this€reason,€they€requestÏthe€Secretary„General€to€explore€innovative€ways€and€means€(such€as€an€agreed€reduction€in€theÏnumber€of€languages€in€which€interpretation€is€required,€a€limit€on€the€volume€of€in„sessionÏdocuments€to€be€translated,€etc.)€that€would€increase€the€likelihood€of€such€meetings€beingÏorganized.ÌÌ87.à  àIt€is€recommended€that,€in€future,€all€new€members€of€the€treaty€bodies€should€be€given€aÐ D!” Ðcomprehensive€background€briefing€on€the€work€of€the€committee,€and€of€the€treaty€bodies€as€aÏwhole.€The€briefing€should€be€undertaken€by€the€chairperson€or€his€or€her€delegate€and€by€a€seniorÏsecretariat€official.ÌÌ88.à  àThe€chairpersons€recall€the€proposal€made€by€the€Committee€on€Economic,€Social€andÐ à%0!$ ÐCultural€Rights,€and€subsequently€endorsed€by€the€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€to€theÏeffect€that€a€meeting€should€be€held€with€one€or€two€representatives€each€of€the€Human€RightsÏCommittee,€the€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€the€Committee€on€the€Elimination€ofÏDiscrimination€against€Women€and€the€Committee€on€Economic,€Social€and€Cultural€Rights€withÏa€view€to€discussing€matters€of€interest€relating€to€the€rights€of€the€child,€including€the€mostÏappropriate€approaches€to€the€supervision€of€overlapping€treaty€obligations.€That€proposal€has€notÏbeen€implemented€owing€to€resource€constraints.€The€chairpersons€accordingly€recommend€thatÏthe€General€Assembly€consider€making€resources€available€for€such€a€meeting.ÌññÌññÐ /h*. ÐòòÓ >ÓNotesÐ ° ÐÓ >ÓóóÌÓ1 XQ2!åXå=Ò•‡X-1ÓòòÓ óÓóóÓ*°,°` ‡XÿÿXQ2!*ÓÓ' ššŽX°,°` ‡X'Ól/à0 ` àòòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Forty„seventh€Session,€SupplementЈØ` (#` (# ÐÓ+°,°` ‡XššŽX%]+ÓÓ-°,°` ŒXÿÿ°,°` ‡X-ÓNo.€1óó€(A/47/1),€para.€101.Ð tÄ ÐÓ.°,°` ‡X°,°` ŒXò].ÓÓ óÓÓ+ššŽX¸{°,°` ‡X+ÓÌò òÓ Óó ó2/à  à€S/23500,€p.€3.ò òÐ L œ ÐÓ Óó óÌòòÓ óÓóó3/à0 ` àòòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Forty„seventh€Session€Supplement€No.Ð$ t` (#` (# Ð1óó€(A/47/1),€para.€109.Ð  ` ÐÓ óÓÌÓ êÓ4/à0 ò à€€Ibid.,€para.€101Ó+°,°` ‡XššŽX^+ÓÐè 8 ò(#ò(# ÐÓ êÓÓ Óñ˜ñÐ  Ô$  ÐÑF*Ñâ FâÑÑÑ  Ñâ FâÑ  Ññ˜ññ˜ñÐ L œ Ðñ˜ñÑTRXà3Ø'Xà3Ø' Letter3Ø' Letterÿ3Ø'TÑÓ' XåÒ°,°` ‡X'ÓÓ Ó