ÿWPCg «¾i͸Q”àºñ†Ú¸9-ý÷¢ü nžØ]?í}ºXcÏÐ6gŸóD¨Á]Ú¶4¦2¨WªÐ ŒËâBn<ļÍ\¿üifƒÁoáœÇoŒmž£1JDpa9st_øJêÉd³Šðö½õ%/C¬ûV´KZ`ʾKkëéþ'gä¿ ¤J{oBÅ¢O¬hm6 µæ‚µùΧªH9ÐY\¬ÙNQ©½cÿImƒMvèj»9«îS6Î-p º^É!Ì-,Ä´Xº‹í²$ÝzÑÌžVôÛ8ÀG9 ¿Ô„ÑY¦¹©ÊRXU¥ž³˜ÖW[U²ç‰èç[D¨*³„Ê}<¤g A†Tæ×( YÿÚmà¯}aæKiÒ ’-²Ï¯À–9Å«$Qƒu¬ãQˆ¿ö!°œXBÓÝ  ÝÓ! ++ŒP++7!Óà Œ àHRI/CORE/1/Add.41/Rev.1Ð Ø Ðà Œ àpage€Ú  Ú3Ú  ÚÐ Çï Ð(2yÿ$¨¨Ý ƒ ïk!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRX<Ð6Â&Xà3Ø' Letter Ë6Æ&A4ÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ôŶòòôÔÔ€ôŶòòôŶÔÓ  ÓÓ33ÓÒ+°ÒÒŰÒÑØ°ÑÑ¥°ÑÓB.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!°œXBÓÑÈÑÑÈÑÝ  Ý fÝ ƒyÿ'ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÔ€ôŶòòôÔÔ€ôŶòòôŶÔÓ  ÓÓ33ÓÒ+°ÒÒŰÒÓB.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!°œXBÓÝ  ÝÓ! ++ŒP++7!ÓHRI/CORE/1/Add.41/Rev.1Ð Ø Ðpage€Ú  Ú3Ú  ÚÐ Çï Ð(2yÿ$§§Ý ƒ ïk!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRX<Ð6Â&Xà3Ø' Letter Ë6Æ&A4ÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ôŶòòôÔÔ€ôŶòòôŶÔÓ  ÓÓ33ÓÒ+°ÒÒŰÒÑØ°ÑÑ¥°ÑÓB.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!°œXBÓÑÈÑÑÈÑÝ  Ý(Ü!2Jž$¤¤Ý ƒ ïk!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRX<Ð6Â&Xà3Ø' Letter Ë6Æ&A4ÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ôŶòòôÔÔ€ôŶòòôŶÔÓ  ÓÓ33ÓÒ+°ÒÒŰÒÑØ°ÑÑ¥°ÑÓB.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!°œXBÓÑÈÑÑÈÑÝ  ÝÓ3333ÓÔ€5²XòôŶÔÒ°+ÒÒ°ÅÒ€€€€òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó/(Ü!2L¾$¥¥Ý ƒ ïk!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRX<Ð6Â&Xà3Ø' Letter Ë6Æ&A4ÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ôŶòòôÔÔ€ôŶòòôŶÔÓ  ÓÓ33ÓÒ+°ÒÒŰÒÑØ°ÑÑ¥°ÑÓB.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!°œXBÓÑÈÑÑÈÑÝ  ÝÓ3333ÓÔ€5²XòôŶÔÒ°+ÒÒ°ÅÒ€€€€òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó/#|d (tïk$¡¡ÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRX<Ð6Â&Xà3Ø' Letter Ë6Æ&A4ÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ôŶòòôÔÔ€ôŶòòôŶÔÓ  ÓÓ33ÓÒ+°ÒÒŰÒÑØ°ÑÑ¥°ÑÓB.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!°œXBÓÑÈÑÑÈјHP LaserJet 4P,ü,,,,,ü0!³}. Jc.¤˜‰¤ ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ ïk!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRX<Ð6Â&Xà3Ø' Letter Ë6Æ&A4ÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ôŶòòôÔÔ€ôŶòòôŶÔÓ  ÓÓ33ÓÒ+°ÒÒŰÒÑØ°ÑÑ¥°ÑÓB.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!°œXBÓÑÈÑÑÈÑÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑbØÑщ¥ÑÓ! ++±“++7!Óà ± àDistr.Ð b Ðà ± àGENERALÐ Qï ÐÌà ± àHRI/CORE/1/Add.41/Rev.1Ð / Í Ðà ± à29€June€1994Ð  ¼ ÐÌà ± àENGLISHÐ ü š Ðà ± àOriginal:€€RUSSIANÐ ë ‰ ÐÌÌÌÌà@  –àCORE€DOCUMENT€FORMING€PART€OF€THE€REPORTS€OF€STATES€PARTIESˆÐ –4  ÐÌà@¢¢/–àAZERBAIJANˆÐ t  ÐÌà€]]K$à[25€January€1994]ˆÐ Rð ÐÌà@881–àGENERALˆÐ 0Î ÐÌà@àà+–àA.€€LAND€AND€PEOPLEˆÐ ¬ ÐÌÓE.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!++±âEÓ1.à b àOn€1€January1993,€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€had€7,368,000€inhabitants,Ð ìŠ Ðofwhom€3,933,000€or€53percent,€were€urban€dwellers€and€3,435,000,Ð Ûy Ðor47percent,€lived€in€rural€areas.€€Average€annual€population€growthÐ Êh Ðfor1990-1992€was€79,000,€against€102,000€in€the€previous€decade.€€The€declineÐ ¹W Ðin€the€rate€of€growth€is€linked€to€increasingly€heavy€migration,€with€peopleÐ ¨F Ðmoving€beyond€the€Republic's€borders.Ð — 5 ÐÌ2.à b àThe€composition€of€the€population€by€sex€and€age€is€asÐ u" Ðfollows:€€3,609,000,€or€49percent,€are€men€and€3,759,000,€or€51percent,Ð d# Ðare€women;€35.3percent€are€below€working€age€(0-15€years),€54.4percent€areÐ S$ñ Ðof€working€age€(men€16-59years,€women€16-54€years)€and€10.3percent€are€ofÐ B%à  Ðpensionable€age.€€Some€33.4percent€of€the€population€are€below€15years€ofÐ 1&Ï! Ðage€and€4.9percent€are€over65.€€The€average€age€of€the€population€is27.€Ð  '¾" ÐPopulation€growth€in€the€Republic€is€due€to€a€natural€population€shift,€namelyÐ (­ # Ðthe€birth€rate.€€In1992,€there€were€181,364live€births.€€The€birth€rate€inÐ þ(œ!$ Ðthe€Republic€is€quite€high.€€In€the€context,€however,€of€a€worseningÐ í)‹"% Ðdemographic€situation,€the€birth€rate€has€also€fallen€and€is€now€25.2birthsÐ Ü*z#& Ðper€1,000inhabitants,€compared€with€27.0€in1991.€€On€average,€a€woman€willÐ Ë+i$' Ðhave€about€three€babies€during€her€lifetime€(general€fertility2.87).€€ThusÐ º,X%( Ðpresent€fertility€levels€maintain€continuing€modest€population€growth.Ð ©-G&) ÐÌ3.à b àThe€death€rate€in€the€Republic€is€typically€relatively€low€and€stable.€Ð ‡/%(+ ÐNevertheless,€in1992,€there€were€51,258deaths,€or€7.1percent€perÐ v0), Ð100inhabitants,€representing€a€0.8percent€increase€on1991€(6.3percent).€€Ð b ÐÌÔ:/:/Ø'@ ÞÔGE.94„17285€€(E)Ð :/Ø' ÐÐ )0Ç( ÐÑØbÑÑ}‰ÑÖ€ÿÿÖÖ€ÿÿÖÓB.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!++7BÓThe€level€of€mortality€is€reflected€in€the€figure€for€life€expectancy,€which,Ð F Ðin€1991,€was€70.5years,€or€66.3years€for€men€and€74.5years€for€women.€Ð 5ï ÐMostacute€is€the€problem€of€infant€mortality,€which€is€comparatively€high,Ð $Þ Ðat25.5deaths€before€the€age€of€one€per1,000births€in€1992.€€AltogetherÐ Í Ð4,708children€in€the€Republic€died€before€the€age€of€one€in€thatyear.€Ð  ¼ ÐPerinatal€mortality,€calculated€per100,000births,€was€17.6women.Ð ñ « ÐÌ4.à b àThe€migratory€balance€has€typically€been€negative€for€a€numberof€years.€Ð Ï ‰ ÐIn1992,€it€amounted€to€a€net€loss€of€61,300€people,€of€whom2,900€went€toÐ ¾ x Ðcountries€beyond€the€former€Soviet€Union.€€The€high€level€of€migration€inÐ ­ g  ÐtheRepublic,€as€in€the€majority€of€countries€of€the€former€USSR,€has€beenÐ œV  Ðexacerbated€over€recent€years€by€the€growth€of€socio-economic€tensions.€€Ð ‹E  ÐÌ5.à b àThere€are€more€than€70,000marriages€annually€in€the€RepublicÐ i#  Ðand9,000marriages€are€dissolved.€€In€1992,€there€were€9.5marriagesÐ X  Ðper1,000people,€and€1.3divorces.€€According€to€the€1989€census,€644menÐ G Ðwere€married€[per€1,000inhabitants€of€16years€or€over],and€309had€neverÐ 6ð Ðbeen€married;€the€figures€for€women€were€594€and€227respectively.Ð %ß ÐÌ6.à b àAccording€to€census€data,€there€were€4,241illiterates€in€the€ageÐ ½ Ðgroup9-49€years€(0.1percent€of€this€age€group),€the€majority€of€whom€hadÐ ò¬ Ðbeen€unable€to€attend€school€because€of€physical€handicaps€or€chronic€illness.€Ð á› ÐOf€those€aged€15€years€or€over,€2.7percent€are€illiterate,€the€majorityРЊ Ðbeing€elderly.Ð ¿y ÐÌ7.à b àAzerbaijan€is€a€republic€of€many€nationalities.€€The€1989€censusÐ W Ðrecorded5,805,000€(82.7percent)€Azerbaijanis,€392,000(5.6percent)Ð ŒF ÐRussians,€391,000€(5.6percent)€Armenians,€171,000€(2.4percent)€Lezgins,Ð {5 Ð44,000€(0.6percent)€Avars,€32,000€(0.5percent)€Ukrainians,€31,000Ð j$ Ð(0.5percent)€Jews,€29,000(0.4percent)€Tatars€and€126,000€(1.7percent)Ð Y  Ðmembers€of€almost€90other€nationalities.€€The€last€census€showed€thatÐ H! Ð97.3percent€of€the€population€consideredthat€their€native€tongue€was€theÐ 7"ñ Ðlanguage€of€their€own€nationalityand€2.7percent€considered€it€to€be€theÐ &#à  Ðlanguage€of€another€people.€€In€the€census,€291,000non„Azerbaijanis,€orÐ $Ï! Ð23.9percent,€named€Azerbaijani€as€their€native€language€or€as€a€secondÐ %¾" Ðlanguage€which€they€spoke€fluently€and€2,302,900€non„Russians,€orÐ ó%­ # Ð34.8percent,€named€Russian.€€Ð â&œ!$ ÐÌ8.à b àIn€the€Republic€there€are€now€more€than€200working€mosques,€5RussianÐ À(z#& ÐOrthodox€churches,€3synagogues,€1€Georgian€Orthodox€church,€1€New€ApostolicÐ ¯)i$' Ðchurch€and€38houses€of€prayer.Ð ž*X%( ÐÌ9.à b àGDP€in€1992€at€current€prices€was108.2billion€roubles,€or€64.8percentÐ |,6'* Ðof€the€1991€level.€€Per€capita€expenditure€on€goods€and€services€wasÐ k-%(+ Ð24,983roubles,€36percent€less€than€the€previous€year.€€The€fall€in€GDPÐ F Ðislinked€with€declining€output€in€the€productive€sector,€which€accountsÐ 5ï Ðforthe€bulk€of€gross€domestic€product€„€80percent.€€Industry€accountsÐ $Þ Ðfor45percent,€agriculture€nearly€30percent€and€construction€7percent.Ð Í ÐÌ10.à b àAs€a€result€of€social€welfare€measures€necessitated€by€rising€prices€forÐ ñ « Ðconsumer€goods€and€services,€nominal€monetary€incomes€of€the€people€of€theÐ à š ÐAzerbaijani€Republic€in€1992€amounted€to€92.6billion€roubles,€4.9times€moreÐ Ï ‰ Ðthan€in€the€previous€year.€€However,€consumer€prices€multiplied€by€12.1€overÐ ¾ x Ðthis€period,€outstripping€the€increase€in€nominal€incomes€and€eroding€theÐ ­ g  Ðpurchasing€power€of€the€rouble,€so€that€real€incomes€were€only€41percentÐ œV  Ðoftheir€1991€levels.€€In€1992,€per€capita€income€in€the€Republic€wasÐ ‹E  Ð12,633roubles.€€In€the€first€eight€months€of€this€year,€the€consumerÐ z4  Ðpriceindex€rose289.3percent.Ð i#  ÐÌà@ˆˆ%–àB.€€GENERAL€POLITICAL€STRUCTUREˆÐ G ÐÌ11.à b àThe€Constitutional€Act€on€the€State€Independence€of€the€AzerbaijaniÐ %ß ÐRepublic€states:€€On€28May1918,€the€National€Council€of€Azerbaijan€passedÐ Î Ðthe€Declaration€of€Independence,€thereby€reviving€the€Azerbaijani€people'sÐ ½ Ðcenturies-old€tradition€of€statehood.€€The€Azerbaijani€Republic€enjoyedÐ ò¬ Ðcomplete€political€authority€within€its€territory€and€pursued€independentÐ á› Ðforeign€and€domestic€policies.€€Institutions€characteristic€of€an€independentРЊ ÐState€„€the€parliament,€government,€army€and€financial€system€of€theÐ ¿y ÐAzerbaijani€Republic€„€were€created€and€began€to€function.€€The€AzerbaijaniÐ ®h ÐRepublic€was€recognized€by€many€foreign€States€and€established€diplomaticÐ W Ðrelations€with€them.€€But€on€27and28April1920,€in€flagrant€violation€ofÐ ŒF Ðinternational€law,€the€RSFSR,€without€declaring€war,€moved€units€of€its€armedÐ {5 Ðforces€into€Azerbaijan,€occupied€the€territory€of€the€sovereign€AzerbaijaniÐ j$ ÐRepublic,€overthrew€by€force€the€lawfully€elected€government€bodies€and€putÐ Y  Ðanend€to€the€Republic's€independence,€won€at€the€cost€of€enormous€sacrificesÐ H! Ðby€the€Azerbaijani€people.€€Subsequently,€Azerbaijan,€as€in€1806-1828,€wasÐ 7"ñ Ðannexed€by€Russia.€€The€Treaty€of€Union€of€30December1922,€establishingÐ &#à  ÐtheUSSR,€consolidated€the€annexation.€€For€the€next€70years€a€colonialÐ $Ï! Ðpolicy€was€applied€to€the€Azerbaijani€Republic,€its€natural€resources€wereÐ %¾" Ðruthlessly€exploited,€its€national€riches€plundered,€the€Azerbaijani€peopleÐ ó%­ # Ðwas€subjected€to€persecution€and€repression€and€its€national€dignity€violated.€Ð â&œ!$ ÐIn€spite€of€this,€the€Azerbaijani€people€continued€its€struggle€forÐ Ñ'‹"% Ðindependence.€€The€outcome€of€this€struggle€was€the€Declaration€on€theÐ À(z#& ÐRe-establishment€of€the€State€Independence€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic,Ð ¯)i$' Ðpassedby€the€Supreme€Soviet€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€on€30August1991.Ð ž*X%( ÐÌ12.à b àThe€people€of€Azerbaijan€are€setting€up€an€independent,€secular,Ð |,6'* Ðdemocratic,€unitary€State,€whose€sovereign€power€in€internal€affairs€isÐ k-%(+ Ðlimited€only€by€law€and€in€external€affairs€only€by€the€provisions€of€treatiesÐ F Ðand€agreements€to€which€the€people€of€Azerbaijan€have€freely€expressed€theirÐ 5ï Ðconsent.€€The€sovereignty€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€is€indivisible€andÐ $Þ Ðextends€over€the€whole€of€its€territory.€€The€Azerbaijani€Republic€does€notÐ Í Ðcede€in€any€way€whatsoever€those€sovereign€rights€which€it€exercises€withinÐ  ¼ Ðits€territory€to€any€other€State€or€union€of€States.€€Ð ñ « ÐÌ13.à b àState€power€in€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€is€based€on€the€principle€of€theÐ Ï ‰ Ðseparation€of€powers.€€Legislative€power€is€exercised€by€the€Parliament€ofÐ ¾ x ÐtheAzerbaijani€Republic€and€supreme€executive€power€by€the€President€of€theÐ ­ g  ÐAzerbaijani€Republic,€the€head€of€the€Azerbaijani€State.€€Judicial€power€isÐ œV  Ðexercised€by€the€independent€courts€and,€in€the€highest€instance,€theÐ ‹E  ÐConstitutional€Court€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic,€the€Supreme€Court€of€theÐ z4  ÐAzerbaijani€Republic€and€the€High€Court€of€Arbitration€of€the€AzerbaijaniÐ i#  ÐRepublic,€each€within€the€limits€of€its€authority.€€The€limits€of€legislativeÐ X  Ðpower€are€defined€by€the€Constitution€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic,€those€ofÐ G Ðexecutive€and€judicial€power€by€the€Constitution€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic,Ð 6ð Ðits€laws€and€statutes.€€Ð %ß ÐÌà@€€–àC.€€GENERAL€LEGAL€FRAMEWORK€WITHIN€WHICH€HUMAN€RIGHTS€ARE€PROTECTEDˆÐ ½ ÐÌà@PP'–àòòGeneral€juridical€frameworkóóˆÐ á› ÐÌ14.à b àIn€its€report,€the€Government€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€will€try€toÐ ¿y Ðgive€a€general€picture€of€the€legal€framework€within€which€civil€and€politicalÐ ®h Ðrights€are€protected€in€Azerbaijan.Ð W ÐÌ15.à b àArticle19€of€the€Constitutional€Act€on€the€State€Independence€of€theÐ {5 ÐAzerbaijani€Republic€states:€€Ð j$ ÐÌà0 b àà ™ à"All€citizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€are€equal€before€the€law.€Ð H! ÐThe€Azerbaijani€Republic€subscribes€to€the€Universal€Declaration€ofÐ 7"ñ ÐHumanRights,€the€Helsinki€Final€Act€and€other€generally€recognizedÐ &#à  Ðinternational€legal€documents€and€shall€ensure€that€all€the€rights€andÐ $Ï! Ðfreedoms€envisaged€in€them€are€observed€and€may€be€exercised€withoutÐ %¾" Ðhindrance,€irrespective€of€sex,€race,€nationality,€religion,€socialÐ ó%­ # Ðorigin,€political€convictions€or€any€other€factor".à ˆ àÐâ&œ!$b$b$ ІÌ16.à b àChapter€6€of€the€Constitution€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€is€devoted€toÐ À(z#& Ðthe€fundamental€rights€and€freedoms€of€citizens€of€Azerbaijan.€€There€followsÐ ¯)i$' Ða€summary€of€the€chief€articles€of€this€chapter.Ð ž*X%( Ðâ âÐ +G&) Ðà b àArticle€37.€€Citizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€enjoy€all€theÐ F Ðsocio-economic,€political€and€individual€rights€and€freedoms€proclaimed€inÐ 5ï Ðandguaranteed€by€the€Constitution€and€laws€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic.Ð $Þ Ðâ âÌà b àArticle€38.€€Citizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€have€the€rightÐ  ¼ Ðtowork€„€that€is,€to€a€secure€job€paid€according€to€the€quantity€and€qualityÐ ñ « Ðof€work€performed,€but€at€not€less€than€the€minimum€level€fixed€by€theÐ à š ÐState„€including€the€right€to€free€choice€of€profession,€type€of€occupationÐ Ï ‰ Ðand€work€in€keeping€with€their€vocation,€capabilities,€vocational€trainingÐ ¾ x Ðandeducation,€taking€into€account€the€needs€of€society.Ð ­ g  ÐÌà b àArticle€39.€€Citizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€have€the€right€toÐ ‹E  Ðleisure.Ð z4  ÐÌà b àArticle€40.€€Citizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€have€the€right€toÐ X  Ðhealth€care.Ð G ÐÌà b àArticle€41.€€Citizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€have€the€rightÐ %ß Ðtomaterial€provision€in€old€age€or€in€the€event€of€illness,€full€or€partialÐ Î Ðdisablement,€or€loss€of€the€breadwinner.Ð ½ ÐÌà b àArticle€42.€€Citizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€have€the€right€toÐ á› Ðhousing.РЊ ÐÌà b àArticle€43.€€Citizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€have€the€right€toÐ ®h Ðeducation.Ð W ÐÌà b àArticle€44.€€Citizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€have€the€right€toÐ {5 Ðenjoy€the€benefits€of€culture.Ð j$ ÐÌà b àArticle€45.€€Citizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€be€guaranteedÐ H! Ðfreedom€of€scientific,€technological€and€artistic€creation.€€IntellectualÐ 7"ñ Ðproperty€shall€be€protected€by€the€State.Ð &#à  ÐÌà b àArticle€46.€€Citizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€have€the€right€toÐ %¾" Ðtake€part€in€the€conduct€of€public€and€social€affairs€and€in€the€discussionÐ ó%­ # Ðand€adoption€of€laws€and€decisions€at€local€and€national€level.Ð â&œ!$ ÐÌà b àArticle€47.€€Every€citizen€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€have€theÐ À(z#& Ðright€to€submit€to€State€agencies€and€public€organizations€proposals€forÐ ¯)i$' Ðimproving€their€operations,€and€to€criticize€deficiencies€in€their€work.Ð ž*X%( ÐÌà b àOfficials€shall€be€obliged€to€examine€citizens'€proposals€and€statementsÐ |,6'* Ðwithin€the€established€period€and€take€any€necessary€measures.€€PersecutingÐ k-%(+ Ðcitizens€for€voicing€criticism€is€forbidden,€and€anyone€doing€so€shall€beÐ F Ðbrought€to€account.Ð 5ï ÐÌà b àArticle€48.€€Citizens€of€the€AzerbaijaniRepublic€shall€be€guaranteedÐ Í Ðfreedom€of€speech€and€of€the€press€and€freedom€to€attend€assemblies,€rallies,Ð  ¼ Ðparades€and€demonstrations.Ð ñ « ÐÌà b àArticle€49.€€Citizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€have€the€right€toÐ Ï ‰ Ðform€political€parties,€trade€unions€and€other€public€organizations.Ð ¾ x ÐÌà b àArticle€50.€€Citizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€be€guaranteedÐ œV  Ðfreedom€of€conscience,€that€is€the€right€to€profess€any€religion€or€none,€toÐ ‹E  Ðlead€religious€worship€and€to€engage€in€atheistic€propaganda.€€Incitement€toÐ z4  Ðreligious€enmity€or€hatred€is€forbidden.Ð i#  ÐÌà b àArticle€51.€€The€family€is€protected€by€the€State.€€Marriage€is€based€onÐ G Ðthe€free€consent€of€the€man€and€the€woman;€the€spouses€have€equal€rights€inÐ 6ð Ðfamily€relations.Ð %ß ÐÌà b àArticle€52.€€Citizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€be€guaranteedÐ ½ Ðinviolability€of€the€person.€€No€one€may€be€arrested€other€than€on€the€basisÐ ò¬ Ðof€a€judicial€decision€or€with€the€sanction€of€the€public€prosecutor.€€Ð á› ÐÌà b àArticle€53.€€Citizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€be€guaranteedÐ ¿y Ðinviolability€of€the€home.€€No€one€has€the€right€to€enter€another's€homeÐ ®h Ðagainst€the€will€of€those€living€there€except€on€legal€authority.Ð W ÐÌà b àArticle€54.€€Citizens'€private€lives€and€the€confidentiality€of€letters,Ð {5 Ðtelephone€conversations€and€communications€by€telegraph€shall€be€protected€byÐ j$ Ðlaw.Ð Y  ÐÌà b àArticle€55.€€It€is€the€duty€of€all€State€agencies,€social€organizationsÐ 7"ñ Ðand€officials€to€respect€the€individual€and€to€protect€his€rights€andÐ &#à  Ðfreedoms.Ð $Ï! ÐÌà b àCitizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€have€the€right€to€theÐ ó%­ # Ðprotection€of€the€law€against€attacks€on€their€honour€and€dignity,€lifeÐ â&œ!$ Ðandhealth,€personal€freedom€and€property.Ð Ñ'‹"% ÐÌà b àArticle€56.€€Citizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€have€the€rightÐ ¯)i$' Ðtolodge€complaints€against€the€actions€of€officials€and€of€State€and€publicÐ ž*X%( Ðbodies.€€Such€complaints€must€be€examined€under€the€procedures€and€within€theÐ +G&) Ðtime€limits€established€by€law.€€Ð |,6'* ÐÐ k-%(+ Ðà b àAppeal€against€actions€by€officials€in€breach€of€the€law€or€exceedingÐ F Ðtheir€authority€that€impinge€citizens'€rights€may€be€lodged€with€the€courtsÐ 5ï Ðaccording€to€the€procedure€established€by€law.€€Ð $Þ ÐÌà b àCitizens€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€shall€have€the€right€to€compensationÐ  ¼ Ðfor€damage€caused€by€the€unlawful€actions€of€government€organizations,Ð ñ « Ðpolitical€parties,€trade€unions€and€public€organizations,€or€officialsÐ à š Ðinthecourse€of€their€duties.Ð Ï ‰ ÐÌà b àThe€proclamation€of€these€rights€in€the€Constitution€means€that€theirÐ ­ g  Ðapplicability€arises€directly€from€the€country's€basic€law€and€this€reinforcesÐ œV  Ðthe€guarantees€of€their€protection.Ð ‹E  ÐÌ17.à b àViolations€of€the€human€rights€and€freedoms€stipulated€by€theÐ i#  ÐConstitution€are€forbidden€in€national€legislation€and€are€severely€punished.€€Ð X  ÐA€whole€chapter€of€the€Criminal€Code€is€devoted€to€crimes€against€citizens'Ð G Ðpolitical€rights,€setting€forth€the€penalties€under€criminal€lawÐ 6ð Ðforobstructing€equality€of€rights€for€women€(art.131),€violations€of€theÐ %ß Ðinviolability€of€the€home€(art.132),€violations€of€the€confidentiality€ofÐ Î Ðletters,€telephone€conversations€and€communications€by€telegraph€(art.133),Ð ½ Ðobstruction€of€citizens'€right€to€vote€(art.134),€forgery€of€electoralÐ ò¬ Ðdocuments,€irregularities€in€the€counting€of€votes€or€violations€of€theÐ á› Ðprinciple€of€the€secret€ballot€(art.135),€infringement€of€labour€legislation,РЊ Ði.e.€the€unlawful€sacking€of€workers€for€personal€motives€or€failure€to€carryÐ ¿y Ðout€court€orders€on€reinstatement,€and€other€infringements€of€labourÐ ®h Ðlegislation€by€State€officials€or€public€enterprises,€institutions€andÐ W Ðorganizations€(art.136),€violations€of€industrial€safety€regulations€byÐ ŒF Ðofficials,€if€these€put€the€life€and€health€of€workers€at€risk€or€resultÐ {5 Ðininjury€(art.137),€violations€of€the€labour€rights€of€pregnant€women€orÐ j$ Ðnursingmothers€(art.138),€persecution€of€citizens€for€voicing€criticismsÐ Y  Ð(art.138-1),€violations€of€the€rights€of€trade€unions€(art.139),€violationsÐ H! Ðof€intellectual€property€rights€(art.€140),€interference€with€religiousÐ 7"ñ Ðceremonies€(art.€142).€€Furthermore,€the€Criminal€Code€contains€manyÐ &#à  Ðprovisions€punishing€attempts€on€or€any€other€kind€of€infringements€ofÐ $Ï! Ðthephysical€inviolability€ofindividuals€(chap.€3€„€Crimes€against€theÐ %¾" Ðindividual).Ð ó%­ # ÐÌ18.à b àThe€protection€of€human€rights€is€provided€for€in€various€fundamentalÐ Ñ'‹"% Ðlegal€documents€and€in€various€branches€of€law,€in€particular:€€the€CriminalÐ À(z#& ÐCode,€the€Code€of€Criminal€Procedure,€the€Civil€Code,€the€Code€of€CivilÐ ¯)i$' ÐProcedure,€the€Correctional„Labour€Code,€the€Code€on€Marriage€and€the€Family,Ð ž*X%( Ðand€the€freedom€of€religion,€mass€media,€political€parties€and€citizenshipÐ +G&) ÐActs.Ð |,6'* ÐÐ k-%(+ ЇÌÌÌà@¦ ¦ –àòòJudicial,€administrative€and€other€competent€authoritiesˆÐ Í Ðà@š š –àwhich€have€jurisdiction€affecting€human€rightsóóˆÐ  ¼ ÐÌà@¨¨-–àòòJudicial€systemóóˆÐ à š ÐÌ19.à b àIn€accordance€with€article€163€of€the€Constitution:€€"Justice€shall€beÐ ¾ x Ðadministered€in€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€only€by€the€courts."€€These€are:Ð ­ g  ÐÌà b àThe€Supreme€Court€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic;Ð ‹E  ÐÌà b àThe€Supreme€Court€of€the€Nakhichevan€Autonomous€Republic;Ð i#  ÐÌà b àThe€Baku€City€Court;Ð G ÐÌà b àThe€district€(town)€people's€courts;Ð %ß ÐÌà b àMilitary€tribunals.Ð ½ ÐÌà b àThe€Constitutional€Court€envisaged€in€the€Basic€Law€has€not€yet€beenÐ á› Ðcreated.€€A€bill€on€the€Constitutional€Court€is€currently€in€preparation.РЊ ÐÌ20.à b àThe€organization€and€operating€procedures€of€courts€in€the€AzerbaijaniÐ ®h ÐRepublic€are€defined€in€the€Law€"On€the€judicial€system€of€the€AzerbaijaniÐ W ÐRepublic"€of€26€June€1990.€€The€Law€"On€the€judicial€system€of€the€AzerbaijaniÐ ŒF ÐRepublic"€defines€the€tasks€of€the€courts,€requiring€them€in€administeringÐ {5 Ðjustice€to€defend€against€any€infringement€the€social€order€and€political€andÐ j$ Ðeconomic€systems€laid€downin€the€Constitution€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic;Ð Y  Ðthe€sovereignty€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic;€citizens'€socio„economic,Ð H! Ðpolitical€and€personal€rights€and€freedoms€as€proclaimed€in€and€guaranteed€byÐ 7"ñ Ðthe€Constitution,€and€the€laws€passed€in€accordance€with€them;€the€rights€andÐ &#à  Ðlegal€interests€of€enterprises,€institutions€and€organizations,€amalgamationsÐ $Ï! Ðof€such€enterprises,€institutions€and€organizations,€and€public€organizations.Ð %¾" ÐÌ21.à b àEverything€the€courts€do€is€intended€to€strengthen€by€all€possible€meansÐ â&œ!$ Ðthe€legal€institutions€of€the€State,€legality€and€law€and€order,€to€uphold€theÐ Ñ'‹"% Ðprinciple€of€social€justice,€to€ensure€democracy€and€continued€development€ofÐ À(z#& Ðpopular€self-determination,€to€prevent€infringements€of€the€law,€to€inculcateÐ ¯)i$' Ðin€citizens€strict€and€unswerving€compliance€with€the€Constitution€of€theÐ ž*X%( ÐAzerbaijani€Republic€and€the€laws€passed€in€accordance€with€it,€and€to€respectÐ +G&) Ðcitizens'€rights,€honour€and€dignity€(art.€3).Ð |,6'* ÐÐ k-%(+ Ð22.à b àThe€Constitution€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€enshrines€the€principle€ofÐ F Ðan€independent€judicial€system.€€Judges€and€people's€assessors€are€independentÐ 5ï Ðand€are€answerable€only€to€the€law.€€Judges€and€people's€assessors€areÐ $Þ Ðguaranteed€conditions€such€that€they€may€exercise€their€rights€and€fulfilÐ Í Ðtheir€responsibilities€effectively€and€without€hindrance.€€Any€interferenceÐ  ¼ Ðwith€the€administration€of€justice€by€judges€and€people's€assessors€isÐ ñ « Ðinadmissible€and€punishable€by€law.Ð à š ÐÌ23.à b àJustice€is€administered€in€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€on€the€principle€thatÐ ¾ x Ðall€citizens€are€equal€before€the€law€and€the€courts€(art.€168),€irrespectiveÐ ­ g  Ðof€birth,€social,€professional€or€property€status,€race€or€nationality,€sex,€Ð œV  Ðeducation,€language,€religion,€type€and€nature€of€occupation,€place€ofÐ ‹E  Ðresidence€and€other€factors€(art.€6).€€Justice€is€administered€in€theÐ z4  ÐAzerbaijani€Republic€in€the€following€ways:Ð i#  ÐÌà0 b àCivil€cases,€involving€the€defence€of€the€rights€and€legal€interests€ofÐ G Ðcitizens,€enterprises,€institutions€and€organizations,€are€examined€andÐ 6ð Ðsettled€at€judicial€hearings;Ð%ßb$b$ ÐÌà0 b àCriminal€cases€are€examined€at€judicial€hearings,€the€accused€are€judged,Ð ½ Ðthen€those€guilty€of€a€crime€are€sentenced€to€the€punishments€fixed€byÐ ò¬ Ðlaw,€or€the€innocent€are€acquitted€(art.€4).Ðá›b$b$ ÐÌPeople's€judges€and€judges€in€administrative€and€executive€matters€at€districtÐ ¿y Ð(town)€people's€courts€deal€with€administrative€infringements€of€the€lawÐ ®h Ðassigned€to€their€jurisdiction€by€the€legislation€of€the€Azerbaijani€RepublicÐ W Ð(art.€5).Ð ŒF ÐÌà@‚‚'–àòòAdministrative€authoritiesóóˆÐ j$ ÐÌ24.à b àThe€Head€of€State€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€is€the€President€of€theÐ H! ÐAzerbaijani€Republic.€€The€President€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€exercisesÐ 7"ñ Ðsupreme€executive€power€in€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€and€presides€over€theÐ &#à  ÐCabinet€of€Ministers€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€(art.€121„1€of€theÐ $Ï! ÐConstitution).€€The€Cabinet€of€Ministers€is€an€executive€and€decision„makingÐ %¾" Ðbody€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€subordinate€to€the€President€of€theÐ ó%­ # ÐAzerbaijani€Republic€(art.€122).€€The€Cabinet€of€Ministers€consists€of€theÐ â&œ!$ ÐPrime€Minister,€his€deputies,€ministers€and€the€heads€of€other€central€bodiesÐ Ñ'‹"% Ðof€the€State€administration€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€(art.€123).Ð À(z#& ÐÌ25.à b àThe€Office€of€the€Public€Prosecutor€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€ensuresÐ ž*X%( Ðthat€its€laws€are€followed€strictly€and€uniformly€by€the€organs€of€the€StateÐ +G&) Ðâ âadministration,€enterprises,€institutions€and€organizations,€the€localÐ |,6'* Ðauthorities,€public€organizations€and€officials,€and€by€citizens€withinÐ F Ðtheterritory€of€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€(art.€176).Ð 5ï Ðâ âÌà@ÚÚ-–àòòLegal€remediesóóˆÐ Í ÐÌ26.à b àAny€resident€of€the€Republic€of€Azerbaijan€who€suffers€an€infringement€ofÐ ñ « Ðhis€basic€rights€has€at€his€disposal€a€whole€range€of€different€means€allowingÐ à š Ðhim€to€resolve€this€situation,€irrespective€of€whether€the€infringement€wasÐ Ï ‰ Ðcommitted€by€private€individuals€or€resulted€from€the€actions€of€StateÐ ¾ x Ðofficials.Ð ­ g  ÐÌ27.à b àArticle50€of€the€Code€of€Criminal€Procedure€states€that€an€injuredÐ ‹E  Ðparty,€i.e.€anyone€who€has€suffered€damage€to€his€reputation,€person€orÐ z4  Ðproperty€as€a€result€of€a€crime,€and€his€representative€have€the€right€to:€Ð i#  Ðsubmit€evidence;€petition€the€court;€examine€all€documents€relating€to€a€caseÐ X  Ðonce€the€preliminary€investigation€has€been€concluded;€take€part€in€the€courtÐ G Ðexamination;€raise€objections,€lodge€a€complaint€against€the€person€leadingÐ 6ð Ðthe€inquiry,€the€investigator,€the€public€prosecutor€or€the€court,€and€appealÐ %ß Ðagainst€the€verdict€or€judgement€of€the€court€and€the€decisions€of€people'sÐ Î Ðjudges.€€Anyone€who€has€suffered€material€damage€as€a€result€of€a€crime€isÐ ½ Ðentitled€in€the€course€of€the€criminal€hearing€to€bring€a€civil€action€againstÐ ò¬ Ðthe€accused€or€those€persons€materially€responsible€for€the€actions€of€theÐ á› Ðaccused,€and€this€civil€action€will€be€examined€by€the€court€at€the€same€timeРЊ Ðas€the€criminal€charges€(art.51).Ð ¿y ÐÌ28.à b àA€criminal€case€may€be€brought€in€response€to:€€Ð W ÐÌà0 b à1.à ™ àA€statement€made€by€a€citizen;Ð{5b$b$ ÐÌà0 b à2.à ™ àInformation€provided€by€a€trade€union€or€other€public€organization;ÐY b$b$ ÐÌà0 b à3.à0™ b$b$àInformation€provided€by€an€enterprise,€institution,€organization€orÐ 7"ñ Ðofficial;Ð&#à ™ $™ $ ÐÌà0 b à4.à ™ àInformation€published€in€the€press;Ð%¾"b$b$ ÐÌà0 b à5.à ™ àA€confession;Ðâ&œ!$b$b$ ÐÌà0 b à6.à0™ b$b$àThe€direct€discovery€by€a€prosecutor,€investigator,€agency€leadingÐ À(z#& Ðan€inquiry€or€court€of€circumstances€indicating€that€a€crime€hasÐ ¯)i$' Ðbeen€committed€(art.104).О*X%(™ $™ $ ÐÌThe€defendant,€his€counsel€and€legal€representative,€and€the€injured€party€andÐ |,6'* Ðhis€legal€representative,€may€appeal€to€have€the€court's€verdict€quashed.€€TheÐ k-%(+ Ðpublic€prosecutor€is€required€to€apply€for€any€unlawful€or€unjustified€verdictÐ F Ðto€be€quashed,€irrespective€of€whether€he€supported€the€prosecution€in€theÐ 5ï Ðcourt€of€first€instance.€€The€civil€plaintiff,€civil€respondent€and€theirÐ $Þ Ðrepresentatives€may€protest€against€that€part€of€the€verdict€which€concernsÐ Í Ðthe€civil€suit.€€Anyone€acquitted€by€the€court€may€lodge€an€appeal€againstÐ  ¼ Ðtheverdict€on€account€of€the€motives€or€grounds€for€acquittal€(art.344).Ð ñ « ÐÌà@Ò Ò –àòòOther€measures€taken€to€ensure€that€the€provisionsˆÐ Ï ‰ Ðà@ˆˆ%–àof€the€Covenant€are€implementedóóˆÐ ¾ x ÐÌ29.à b àThe€Azerbaijani€Republic,€having€ratified€the€Covenant€and€therebyÐ œV  Ðrecognized€all€the€provisions€set€forth€within€it,€has€undertaken€a€detailedÐ ‹E  Ðrevision€of€the€judicial€acts€currently€in€force€in€order€to€put€theÐ z4  Ðprinciples€behind€these€provisions€into€practice.€€In€the€very€brief€timeÐ i#  Ðsince€the€adoption€of€the€Constitutional€Act€onthe€State€Independence€of€theÐ X  ÐAzerbaijani€Republic€on€18October1991,€significant€moves€have€been€madeÐ G Ðtowards€democratic€reform,€the€safeguarding€of€human€rights€and€freedoms€byÐ 6ð Ðthe€State€and€the€construction€of€a€democratic,€law-based€State.€€All€sectionsÐ %ß Ðof€society€are€actively€involved€in€the€reform€process,€through€numerousÐ Î Ðpolitical€organizations€and€associations€of€a€non-political€character€whichÐ ½ Ðenjoy€complete€freedom€of€speech€and€association.Ð ò¬ ÐÌ30.à b àWork€is€under€way€in€the€Republic€on€a€large€number€of€new€laws.€Ð Њ ÐInaddition€to€the€political€parties,€social€organizations,€mass€media,Ð ¿y Ðeducation,€freedom€of€religion€and€official€language€Acts€already€passed€andÐ ®h Ðthe€numerous€amendments€to€other€Azerbaijani€legislation€and€to€a€small€numberÐ W Ðof€laws€of€the€formerUSSR€which€have€remained€in€force€within€the€territoryÐ ŒF Ðof€the€Republic,€new€bills€on€health,€trades€unions€and€freedom€of€entry€to€Ð {5 Ðand€exit€from€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€have€been€presented€to€the€ParliamentÐ j$ Ðof€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€and€work€is€under€way€on€a€new€ConstitutionÐ Y  Ð(BasicLaw).Ð H! ÐÌ31.à b àThe€Azerbaijani€Republic€has€also€acceded€to€a€number€of€internationalÐ &#à  Ðlegal€documents€on€human€rights.€€Besides€the€International€Covenant€on€CivilÐ $Ï! Ðand€Political€Rights,€these€include€the€International€Covenant€on€Economic,Ð %¾" ÐSocial€and€Cultural€Rights,€the€UnitedNations€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€theÐ ó%­ # ÐChild,€the€World€Declaration€on€the€Survival,€Protection€and€Development€ofÐ â&œ!$ ÐChildren,€the€Geneva€Conventions,€the€Convention€on€the€Political€Rights€ofÐ Ñ'‹"% ÐWomen,€the€Convention€and€Protocol€relating€to€the€Status€of€Refugees,€theÐ À(z#& ÐUnitedNations€Standard€Minimum€Rules€for€the€Administration€of€JuvenileÐ ¯)i$' ÐJustice,€and€Conventions€of€the€International€Labour€Organisation.€€TheÐ ž*X%( ÐNational€Assembly€of€Azerbaijan€is€considering€proposals€from€variousÐ +G&) Ðorganizations,€enterprises,€ministries,€departments€and€public€associationsÐ |,6'* Ðforaccession€to€a€large€number€of€international€legal€documents.Ð k-%(+ Ї32.à b àThe€processes€of€building€a€democratic€society€and€implementing€economicÐ F Ðreform€have€been€beset€by€fundamental€difficulties€due€to€the€war€forced€onÐ 5ï ÐAzerbaijan,€which€has€continued€for€more€than€five€years€and€has€led€toÐ $Þ Ðtheoccupation€of€a€significant€part€of€the€territory€of€Azerbaijan€by€theÐ Í Ðneighbouring€Republic€of€Armenia.€€The€aggression€by€the€Republic€of€ArmeniaÐ  ¼ Ðhas€led€to€huge€losses€amongst€the€civilian€population,€and€more€thanÐ ñ « Ðamillion€people€have€become€refugees€or€have€been€forced€to€resettle.Ð à š ÐÌ33.à b àIn€spite€of€this,€the€Azerbaijani€Republic€reaffirms€its€commitments:€Ð ¾ x Ðitwill€make€every€effort€within€its€power€to€carry€out€democratic€reforms,Ð ­ g  Ðenable€basic€human€rights€and€freedoms€to€be€afforded€and€respected,€andÐ œV  Ðconstruct€a€democratic,€secular€State.Ð ‹E  ÐÌÌà@œœ2–à„„„„„ˆÌÌ