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Distr.etc.muststartontheFirstTabforalongsymbolortheSecondfora  shorterone.  c(UKUS.,&&&  33+B.++b >uQ!XB  ! ++P++7!   P HRI/CORE/1/Add.51     P page  2    (2c$  !UKUS.,  TRX<6&X3' Letter 6&A43'T&&&  33+B.++b >uQ!XB X   ` c'UKUS.,&&&  33+B.++b >uQ!XB  ! ++P++7!HRI/CORE/1/Add.51  page  2    (2c$  !UKUS.,  TRX<6&X3' Letter 6&A43'T&&&  33+B.++b >uQ!XB X  Table_A dTable_B(!2m$  !UKUS.,  TRX<6&X3' Letter 6&A43'T&&&  33+B.++b >uQ!XB X  3333-bX&+Ҁ  0  /(!2$  !UKUS.,  TRX<6&X3' Letter 6&A43'T&&&  33+B.++b >uQ!XB X  3333-bX&+Ҁ  0  /3|d ($UKUS.,  TRX<6&X3' Letter 6&A43'T&&&  33+B.++b >uQ!XB XHP LaserJet 4P,,,,,,0!}. Jc.Oru' (IiU  !UKUS.,  TRX<6&X3' Letter 6&A43'T&&&  33+B.++b >uQ!XB X  _  R?+?'F dEF ??'QG dEQG ?_ ]MIz|_ p @X@E_X__:& y: UNITED R NATIONS  _OKz|2n ` @X@E?2nJ?2n ]MIz|   p @X@E       y& ! ??++7! E +?X]r    Distr. 2d     GENERAL !S     _HRI_/CORE/1/Add.51  1      9November1994       ENGLISH       Original:FRENCH   @  COREDOCUMENTFORMINGPARTOFTHEREPORTSOFSTATESPARTIES "T E.++b >uQ!??E@881Senegal 2 G$[12September1994]  @+I.LANDANDPEOPLE  1. b TheRepublicofSenegalisaStateontheAfricancontinent,inthe  tropical_Sudanic_-_Sahelian_Ԁpart.Itissituatedbetweenlongitude12$18$and   latitude16$41"north,andhasanareaof201,400_km2_.Itisborderedonthe x! northbytheIslamicRepublicofMauritania,ontheeastbytheRepublicof g " Mali,onthesouthbytheRepublicofGuineaandtheRepublicof V!!# Guinea-Bissau,andonthewestbytheAtlanticOcean. E"w"$ 2. b ThepopulationofSenegalwasestimatedat7,300,000inMay1988,spread #$U$& unevenlyoverSenegaleseterritory,withaheavyconcentrationinDakar,which %D%' has2,707inhabitantsper_km2_,comparedwith140per_km2_in_This_Ԁand_Diourbel_ &3&( and6per_km2_intheeasternareaof_Tambacounda_,whichnonethelessaccounts &"') foronefifthofthecountry'stotalarea. '(* 3. b Theaveragepopulationdensityis35inhabitantsper_km2_.Theannual )), rateofincreasebetweenthetwocensusesin1976and1988was3.8percent, **- withanationalaverageof2.9percent. ++.  F0x03 _ԇGE.9419885(E)   R}B.++b >uQ!++7B4. b ThepopulationofSenegal,bysexandbyage,isasfollows:   * ddd Xdd Xdd X+$+$,J td ,*td%,*td%,*td%, tt%+  6' g  g P6AGEGROUP ;,!5  ;MASC. ;,!5 " ;FEM. ;,!5 " ;TOTAL ?,!5 " ?% SD,5" P  PSЀ20 2#?  21959153 2#?  22017609 2#?  23976782 6#?  657.7 J;#?  P  @xJ20to59 2#  21313371 2#  21359319 2#  22573277 6#  637.3 L;#  x @  PxL60andover 4#  4180345 4#  4162224 4#  4346749 6#  65.03)'  x P   3B.++b >uQ!++7B5. b Inthe1988generalcensus,itwasfoundthat,intheover15age  group,53percentofthemenand68percentofthewomenweremarried.  Forty-fourpercentofthemenand19percentofthewomenwereunmarried.   6. b Closeon1.8percentofthepopulationconsistsofforeigners.In i" Senegal,therearesevenmajorethnicgroups: X# * ddJ td J *td%**td%**td%* tt% +$+$,r td ,~ tdU, tt+  6'|6%|6 P6ETHNICGROUP ;,!&" ;TOTAL ?,!'" ?%POPULATION SD,(" P  PSWOLOF 2#T) 22890402 6#T* 642.7 J;#T+ P  @xJSERER 2#N, 21009921 6#N- 614.9 J;#N. x @  @xJPEUL 2#/ 2978366 6#0 614.4 J;#1 x @  @xJTUKOLOR 2# 2 2631892 6# 3 69.3 J;# 4 x @  @xJDIOLA 2#T!5 2357672 6#T!6 65.3 J;#T!7 x @  @xJMANDINGO 2#"N8 2288402 6#"N9 64.2 J;#"N: x @  @xJSARAKOLE/SONINKE 2##; 2133184 6##< 61.7 L;##= x @  PxLOTHER 4#%> 4503578 6#%? 67.53)'%@ x P   3B.++b >uQ!++7B7. b FrenchistheofficiallanguageoftheRepublicofSenegal,butsixother '!A nationallanguagesarespokenandarerecognizedintheConstitution,namely, '"B Wolof,Peul,Serer,Mandingo,Diola,Sarakole/Soninke. (#C 8. b ThreemainreligionsarepractisedinSenegal,namely: *x%E 0 b Islam94percentofthepopulation,V'Gb$b$ Ї b Christianity5percentofthepopulation F  b Other1percentofthepopulation. $ Islamisthereligionpractisedbyallethnicgroups,andtheChristiansare   usuallyfoundonthecoastamongtheSererandamongtheDiolainthesouthern   partofthecountry.   9. b Urbanizationdisplaysthesamedisparity,with96percentofthe  x populationlivingintownsandcitiesintheDakarregion,whereastheratein  g  allotherregionsisbelowthenationalaverage,i.e.39percent. V  10. b LifeexpectancyinSenegalis54years.Theinfantmortality z4  rate(0to1year)is8.6percent.Thechildmortalityrate(1to4years) i#  is11.3percent.Thematernalmortalityrateis450deathsper100,000 X  birthsintheurbanareasand950deathsper100,000birthsintherural G areas.Thefertilityrateis6.8childrenforallwomen.Thenumberof 6 nevermarriedpersonsaccountfor0.5percent.Theinterpregnancyinterval % is33months.  11. b Theilliteracyrateamongwomenaged15to49changedfrom86.8percent  in1976to79percentin1988,with78.1percentformenaged15andover  in1976and62.6percentin1988.  12. b Somesocio-economicindicatorsaregivenbelow: h  b Currency:CFAF(FF1=CFAF100); F  b GrossNationalProduct(GNP):CFAF1,407billion; j$  b PercapitaGNP:CFAF195,000; H!  b GrossDomesticProduct(GDP):CFAF1,480billion. &#  @VV$II.GENERALPOLITICALSTRUCTURE %" 13. b TheRepublicofSenegalisoneoftheformerFrenchterritorieswitha &!$ veryrichpoliticalpast.ItwasproclaimedanindependentsovereignState '"% on4April1960bytransferringthepowershithertoheldbytheFrench (z#& CommunityundertheConstitutionof4October1958. )i$' 14. b Thefirstinstitutionalformoforganizationwasarepublicbasedon +G&) separationofpowersbetweentheExecutive,consistingofaPresidentofthe |,6'* RepublicandaPresidentoftheCounciltoformulateandconductthecountry's k-%(+ nationalandinternationalpolicy,aLegislature,thecustodianofnational F sovereignty,consistingofachamberwith60deputieselectedbyuniversal 5 suffrage,andwithaJudiciaryconsistingoftheSupremeCourttospecifythe $ lawandtoactbothasaConstitutionalCouncil,aCouncilofStateandasa  CourtofCassation.   15. b ThefirstgovernmentcrisisinDecember1962putanendtothetwoheaded   ExecutiveandintroducedapresidentialsystemwithasingleHeadofState   accountabletothepeople.However,ParliamentandtheSupremeCourtwere  x maintainedintheirinitialform.ThisstrengtheningoftheExecutivealso  g  ledtothedisappearanceofalloppositionpartiesandtheintroductionofa V  onepartysystemwithasinglepartyinpower. E  16. b Thebigschoolanduniversitycrisis,from1968to1970,severelytested i#  thesystemandledtoarevisionoftheConstitutionandareturntotheless X  centralizedpresidentialsystem,withthecreationofthepostofa G PrimeMinisterappointedanddismissedbythePresidentoftheRepublic.This 6 revisiondidnot,however,affecttheotherinstitutions,namelyParliament % andtheSupremeCourt.  17. b Notuntil1974didanewwindofpoliticalpluralismsweepthecountry,  withauthorizationtocreatepoliticalparties,whichwerenonetheless  confinedtothreeinnumber.However,itshouldbepointedoutthat,atthat  time,nomorethan5outofthe50StatesonthecontinentofAfricaaccepted y amultipartysystem.ItwasthereforeasignificantadvancebySenegalalong h thepathofdemocratization. W 18. b In1980,asaresultofarevisionoftheConstitutionsomeyears {5 earlier,therewasanimportantchangeintheleadershipoftheStatewhenthe j$ firstPresidentresignedandwasreplacedbythePrimeMinister.Anew Y  PrimeMinisterwasappointedtoclosetheLegislaturethathadstarted H! in1978.Then,inMay1983,followingpresidentialandgeneralelections,the 7" postofPrimeMinisterwasdoneawaywithandthecountryrevertedtothe &#  presidentialsystem. $! 19. b Nevertheless,onemajorinnovationwastheintroductionofcomplete % # politicalpluralism,withafreedemocraticsystemthroughoutthecountryand, &!$ asaresult,theestablishmentsofarofsome20politicalparties.The '"% numberofdeputieswasincreasedfrom60to120in1983. (z#& 20. b Thereinforceddemocraticsystemledtothecreationin1991ofthepost *X%( ofOmbudsmanoftheRepublic,whosetaskistoremindtheExecutiveofits +G&) dutytorespectbasichumanrightsinitsrelationswithcitizens. |,6'*  k-%(+ 21. b TheJudiciarywasnotsparedbythiswindofchange.For F example,33yearsafteritwasestablishedandbecauseithadattainedthe 5 objectivesofunifyingthelawandjurisdiction,theSupremeCourtwasdone $ awaywithin1992andreplacedbyaConstitutionalCouncil,aCouncilofState  andaCourtofCassation.   22. b TheElectoralCodewasreformedinthesameyear,withthreemajor   changes:thevotingagewasloweredfrom21to18,whichhadaconsiderable   influenceonthesizeoftheelectorate;thePresidentcouldnotbeelected  x formorethantwoterms,eachlastingsevenyears,asaguaranteeofa  g  definitechangeoverattheleveloftheHeadofState;andthemonitoringof V  electionsandelectoraldisputeswastransferredtothecourts,asaguarantee E  offree,transparentelections. z4  @HHIII.GENERALFRAMEWORKWITHINWHICHHUMANRIGHTSAREPROTECTED X  23. b Itshouldberememberedthat,whenitaccededtosovereignty,the 6 RepublicofSenegalirrevocablyoptedfortheprimacyoftheruleoflaw,as % thefoundationnotonlyoftheorganizationoftheStatebutalsoof  fundamentalhumanrights,asdefinedintheUniversalDeclarationof  HumanRights,of10December1948.Forthisreason,thefirststepwastoset  updemocraticpublicinstitutions,basedontheseparationofpowersandthe  independenceoftheJudiciaryfromthetwootherbranchesofgovernment.  24. b Intheinternationalarena,thischoicewasreflectedinitiallybya h letterfromtheHeadofStatetotheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations W on9May1963inwhichtheRepublicofSenegalrecognizedthatitwasboundby F &  allpreviousconventionspertainingtothepromotionandprotectionof {5 humanrights,byvirtueoftheprincipleofStatesuccessionbetweenthe j$ FrenchStateandtheSenegaleseState. Y  '{xC25. b Subsequently,Senegalplayedanimportantpartinelaboratingand 7" adoptingotherinternationalconventionsinthisconnection.Todate,itisa &#  partyto:19UnitedNationsinternationalinstruments;34ILOinternational $! conventions;1UNESCOinternationalconvention;and4OAUinternational %" conventions. % # 26. b WithreferencetotheirplaceinthelegalsysteminSenegal,itshould '"% benotedthattheseinternationalhumanrightsinstrumentsformanintegral (z#& partofourcountry'spositivelaw,undertherelevantprovisionsof )i$' article79oftheConstitution,whichplacesinternationalcommitmentsabove *X%( nationallaws.Forthisreason,judicialpracticerecognizesthatall +G&) internationalinstrumentsmaybeinvokedbeforejudicialbodiesandthecourts |,6'* applythemasthelawofthenation. k-%(+ Ї27. b Astoguaranteeingthebasicrightsrecognizedinthisinternational F instrument,itshouldbenotedthatthistasklieschieflywiththecourts,by 5 virtueoftherelevantprovisionsofarticle81oftheConstitution.Atthe $ administrativelevel,thisguaranteeisprovidedbytheOmbudsmanofthe  Republic,whosetaskistoremindtheExecutiveofitsdutytorespectitsown   legislationandfundamentalhumanrights.   28. b ThisguaranteeofhumanrightsisalsoprovidedbytheLegislature,the   custodianofnationalsovereignty,byitsparliamentarycommissionsofinquiry  x andbywrittenororalquestionstotheExecutive.  g  29. b InSenegal,asinanyStategovernedbytheruleoflaw,anindividual E  whofeelsthathehasbeenthevictimofanoffenceentailinganyharmor z4  damage,isentitledtoplacethematterbeforethecompetentcourt.The i#  courtsassessandruleontheappropriatecompensation,bymeansofdamages X  andinterests.Theymayalsoordertheannulmentofadministrativeactswhich G violatehumanrights.Lastly,thevictimsofarbitraryconvictionsare 6 entitledtocompensationandrehabilitation. % 30. b Fundamentalhumanrightsarealsoguaranteedbythemonitoringofthe  authoritiesonthepartofnon-governmentalorganizations.Senegalhasa  dozenNGOsengagedsolelyinpromotingandprotectinghumanrightsandthey  operatefreely.  31. b Furthermore,theSenegaleseHumanRightsCommitteehasbeeninexistence h since1965andisaninterministerialbodydesignedtoassisttheGovernment W informulatingandcoordinatingitspolicyinthefieldofhumanrights. F Again,theCommitteedoesnotfailtodrawtheattentionoftheauthoritiesto {5 casesofviolationsofhumanrights. j$ @%IV.INFORMATIONANDPUBLICITY H! 32. b Internationalinstruments,includingtheInternationalBillofRightsand &#  otherspecificconventionsarewidelypublicizedbytheState-ownedand $! privatemedia,withoutbeingtranslatedintolocallanguages,withthe %" exceptionoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,whichhasbeen % # producedinthreelocallanguagesthankstoUNICEFsupport.Theyare &!$ translatedintothelocallanguagesatpublicconferencesheldbyNGOsandthe '"% SenegaleseHumanRightsCommittee. (z#& 33. b Thetaskofpreparingperiodicreportsontheimplementationof *X%( internationalinstrumentsinSenegallieswithaninterministerialworking +G&) groupestablishedbytheMinisterofState,theMinisterforForeignAffairs |,6'* andtheMinisterforSenegaleseAbroad. k-%(+ Ї34. b NGOscanbecomeacquaintedwiththeperiodicreportspreparedbySenegal. F However,suchreportsarenotthesubjectofpublicdebate. 5 @2