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B 4 D-Q 0K~ɚV m#N 0    U>ßßßßßßß B B* 0|HHHHH B*ĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠĠ D5 0############################### iN(9 Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($+}RX?XXXPXX?UKUS.,    <( 9Z &Courier Regular.` A*Univers (W1) Bolda:\logo.wptTABLE Bg:\wpwin\template\logo\loghr.wptC:\APPS\WP\#UNLOGO.WPG9818592FINAL  $ ' ,HRI/CORE/1/Add.990Luu . 6  WPC  519@0\0 ,, <y}vH794?7463 52 51 40403/2/2.1.1- 0-0~-`0,/~,x /~+< .~ . .~ -~ 8`<-~ -~` <<,  ,~ 0x<,  +~ pp+~  x0  +  +~ *~` p8*  *~ p)~ `@)~8 0)~0  ` )~@@  )~ (~ p(~` 0@? 0 ( ?(~'~@'~  `8'~@000`@ '~@@ '~ < &??&~008& &~   ` <~ @<  B~@  ` ~ `% ~`% @~  ~@ p0   ?~ `0~@   ~   `~@0~@  ~ @ ~ @0~@@` ~   ~    ~ `   @@  ?~ @   ~  8    ?  ~@ 0   ~  >|  ~ @   @ ~     @ `~  x  @~  8    ~`  8 ~ 0 p  ~ @  <  ~  0@ p @ ~ @ p @ @~@ x0    ~ @    ~    0 8 ~@p  @~  @@@   ~@ 80~  `  @@ ~ ` 0 @~  `  `0 ~ p  &  ~   0 ~ @@0@`   ~ @@ @ @0?@@@~ @   ~@0 `  @@~    @   @~  @   ~  @8@ ~    ~ @` @)@~@` 0)~ @@ ~  0#@@~  @0 ~  @~ @ @ ~ @@  ~  @  ~ @%"@ ~  @ @ ~@@@@   ~  0 @@~  ~``   ~ @ ~ `'  ~    @@ ~@@ @@  ~ @ 0 @ ~ `? ~ @ ? @@  ~@    ~ < @@~0   |@@  ~@@ x   ` @ ~ x@~    ~    @@~ @  @   ~  ?@ @@~ @  @ @#<   @ ~ @ >@ ~@ 0 @ ~ x8  ~@|   ` ~< 8 ~`@  ` @  ~     p>@  ~  0   ! ~@ 0  ~@ p0` @@  ~   @@ ~  @p  @@ ~@@`@  ~  8@  ~ @@ @ ~  ``~ @0  ~  `  ~ <@8 ~ @ ~  08`  ~ @ @@ `~@ 0@@ ~   @ @@ @~  <@   ~ @0 @ ~@@ ~    @~@@     @~ @    ~@    ~`  |@@ ~@  ~0   @~ @ ~@  @@  ~  @ ~`  @~ @ ~  @ ~ @~  '0@ ~@  @  ` @@ ~  @ ~  @  ~    ~ @    ~@ `  ~    ~ @  @     ~   @@ |  ~   |@@ @~  ?? @  ~@   @~  > ~   `   ~ @@@@ ~       ~ @ 0@@ ~ @  `@ 0@~ @@   H  ~`@ F~  p @ ~  xx  ~ @@3  ~ @ ```@@ @~ @0  @`  @~ @@    0 ~ @ ` @~  @ 0 0~   @  ~   @ 0   ~ @`  @8 @~  0 `~@  @0@  @~ @ @ @ ~  !`` ~@@@0 ~@@  @ ~$ @@ @@@ ~ @ ~    ~ @@@`@@  ~ 08~ @ 00@@@~  @@~      ~ @ ~  @ ~ @@ @~ @@@   ~   ~     ~  @ @0 8  ~ @( ~@  8 8@ ~ @F A@@0~  @  >~@ @@~" @@   ~      ~ @  ?0 @~@@@ ~     @@~@@  ~ @  0`@ @ @~  ~     ~  @@ ~ @    O ~ @@`@~ @  @    ~ @@ @ ~ @  <   ~ @@`  @ ~ @   ~  ?  ~@ ~  00  @ ~  @@@@ ~@ @@ ~ @~   ~@@@`@@ ~ 0%~ @@ @ @~   @@  ~@ @~ 8~ '  ~ %  ~     ~@ @   ~ @ !  ~8@~  @ ~  @@~ @A@~   @~ @`L@@~   0  ~@  ~ |  ~  # ~ *0- ~@ #~@ @@ ~ +x  ~@ @ @  ~  !@@~ $~ @~@+ @~  !   ~ @@ @ ~2@@~@ ~ ~  #@~ 0 8  ~ <@%D ~   @.~@ ~ '&~  @@~ ` 8~ @ @? ~@0?"@~- ~ @'~@@@~" @~  p~  ~  ?@&@~   ~    @~    @@ ~ @@ *  ~@"px  - ~ @  @   ~ @~ @ ~ @@ ~ px ~# ~ $0 @~ p @ ~ 8x  ?  ~ D !? ~ ! @ ~   /~ 0 <@ ~ $~@@ ~   7~  @ ~@B q  ~0@@    ~@0 ~@ H     @~ @ > @@~  p@! ~ 0 @@  ~@ < ~ `? ~@  * ~  0  ~ @@  @ ~&~@    # ~ @~@  G~   ~@ p ~@ #   ~@  ~   @  ~ @8@ @&~@  D @~   ~ @ ?8   ~ @  ~ @  ~@@@@@~  #:~@  @1~  ` @ ~ @ @"~  ~  ~!B  ~x  ~@` ~0 < @ ~ !@ c@~ @ @$~ @`@ ~  <@~@ ` ~@ ~@@     ~ x  @ @@~  @@@@~@ @  8 ~0   ~   @@~  @@<   ~    ~@  ~  @  p  ~   @ `~!@  ~ ~  ~ @@   ~@@    @ ~   @~   @ ~ @~#0` @ ~&@ ~  ~&p   @@~@) ~@  @@ ~    ~@   ~ "   @@~A ~@   ~ @@~  ~       ~  p~ B @~ @ @ ~@  ~x @@ @ ~ @@  ~  p  ~ 0  @@~ @ 0p ~ c  0@   ~  @  ~ @  ` @  ~  @@ @  @ ~@" @  '~@ 0 @A @ @~ @@@  8@   ~  D @~ 0  ~   p     ~`   ~  @`  `@  ~  `    ~@`     ~@0  ~@@      ~  0`  @@@  ~@ @ @~   `    ~@@  ~  8   ~  @ ~  @@~@!   @~     ~`, @@  ~  @ @ ~ @ @ @ ~-@~@ @   @ ~  |  ~@   ~   @ @  ~ ~    ~@  '@ @~@@   ~ '@ ~@    '  ~    @  ~  &  ~  @ @ @~ @ ~@    ~ @   @ ~    `@ ~   ~@      ~  @ @  ~ @@@  ~@   0  ~   @@"`~ @ @@ ~    ~ @ `@ @ @~ @@  ~    p  @~ @  ~    ~  @~ @8 ~@ @p   ~      ~@ | @~@   x@@   ~  8  @ @@ @ ~  p`@ ~@   ~  @ 8`   ~@ @  ~0  `  ~ @p@  ~@    ~@  p    ~   #@@ ~@ @ 0@   ~`  ` p  ~ c 8 @ ~   @ ~  @@ `   ~    ?@0 ~    @ ~      ~ @       ~ @ @@ &~   8@ @  ~  @     ~  @ @  h ~ @  @ ~   >`  ~         ~@ @  ~ @   ~@l `0 `@@  ~  @ @  ~  @`    @ ~ @     ~  0  @    ~ @!@  ~ `   @ ~  @  @  ~@ !` @  ~ @0  `  ~  `0  ~@@ @@ ~   0  ~ @@    ~  0! @@ ~   @@  ~@@ @    ~   0   0 ~    @@ ~ @   ~  @ 0`  ~ @ 0   ~ @0  ~` @   @@ ~   p@@@` ~ @ 0  0 @ ~   ?  ~@    ~ `    ~@@ @  ~@`    ` @ ~  @    @ ~  ` @` ~    ~@ @   ~0 ~@@< ` 0@ ~@   @~ @  p  @ @ ~    @ @ ~ @ `0 @ ~ @ p   ~     @  ~       @ ~ @` 88    ~    @0 ~ @   < ~` @       ? ~ 0@@  ~    `  @    ~ 0 x    |  ~ B>     ~ !   @ ~     0  ?? ~ @ ?  8 ~  0?@@@  ~ ?@  ~ 0@0@  ~   @) `~  '0~ @@ `@~  0@~ '`~  @ ~  &  ~ @ %` 0@~ p %  ~   %`@~ $ ~ @@#  ~ <0` @0~ 0 #`@@@~ <#  ? ~ `` !~ @ !`0  ~ @0    @~   ~ @`~   0 ` ~08 `@~  ~ @@ 8 ~ `~ 0  `@~ 0 p 0  ~ @   @@~p8 ~  p00 @~ `@  ~ 0~ 8 p0 @~ 0   ~   >  @~ p   ~  00@A~ @  `~   ~ 0>pp~ @ ~ p0  ?~   `~  @ ~@<?@  ~<x`? ~ p`   ~@  ~     @  ~  ~   ?  ~ p   ~ @ 8@80 ?? ? ? ~ ?@@`~ @/@ `*?* ~.  p~`@)  )))~-))?'?~ ,@0'''' ~* ~|6    ' ?~` *  (  ) )? * ?*?+?,-J'%$# # " " ~! 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HRI/CORE/1/Add.99      page  2    UHP LaserJet 4P,,,,,,0(3-$ !+}XXXX:yXXUKUS.,     C1C2C3C4<( 9Z &Courier RegularP Pd&0 d d@ 0RomPos1RomPos1 + X + X&P d d"""")!dxdx@!! ~0RomPos2RomPos2! + 3 X!! + 3 X!""">630  !+}XXXX:yXXUKUS.,     _R}+7TRX<6&A4X3' Letter 6&A43'T! *"ddd Xdd Xdd X$$,h , +  "RR ":yUNITED R NATIONS#t#XeX#XXXXeU#XXXXA")F{ dEF{ A 0&j  0#ZXX#UZ#_R U#  _R_HRI_#_R  #U _R#ZU#XXZ7-+R3 0  7u ?/+p|057 ` ED7p u i$i$$$*x"ddh h "i$i$x,dd ,d , dd +  >>  ststsGsG  stststst  stststst  stststst  stststst  sGsGstst '>    '#ZXX# U Z#    Ut# 6    International P  HumanRights   Instruments "   #    6# U    #Z  U#XXZ 'b  '#XXXX ##:yXX #Distr. P % . GENERAL%.  h % / _HRI_/CORE/1/Add.99%/    % 1 8October1998%10 "US    h Original:% 2 ENGLISH%2 !X:y(F   (#:yX! #A;) QxdCEQP A+ 7%  @rCOREDOCUMENTFORMINGPARTOFTHEREPORTSOFSTATESPARTIES .& @xx)rSUDAN ) 8#[Original:Arabic] $, 8#[8May1998] - GE.98M18592(E) b/,A   (0,B !  !bR !  _&@"rI.LANDANDPEOPLE  1.  TheRepublicoftheSudanislocatedinthenorth-easternpartofthe | Africancontinent.Withasurfaceareaof967,498squaremiles,itextends BR fromapproximatelylatitude3Ntolatitude22Nandfromapproximately  longitude22Etolongitude38E.  2.  TheSudanisborderedbynineStates:Egypttothenorth,theLibyan Z j ArabJamahiriyatothenorth-west,ChadandtheCentralAfricanRepublicto  0 thewest,theDemocraticRepublicoftheCongotothesouth-west,Ugandato    thesouth,Kenyatothesouth-eastandEritreaandEthiopiatotheeast.    3.  TheSudanhasatropicalclimate,withthesunlyingdirectlyaboveall 8H  partsofthecountrytwiceannually.Theclimaticregionsvaryfromdesertin   thenorthtoequatorialinthefarsouth.   4.  Accordingtothemostrecentcensus,conductedin1992,thepopulation P`  oftheRepublicoftheSudanstandsat27millioninhabitants,madeupof &  over570tribesunitedbyonehomeland,purposeanddestiny.   5.  TheSudanislargelydependentonagriculture;over66percentofthe hx populationisemployedinagriculturalactivitiesandagricultureproduce .> accountsfor90percentofSudaneseexports.Thefactthatcountryhas  severaldifferentnaturalenvironmentsservestodiversifyagricultural  activityandcrops.Runningthroughthecentreofthecountryisthegreat  RiverNile,whichsuppliesirrigationwatertotheagriculturallandonits FV banks.   6.  Afurther15percentofthepopulationisengagedinpasturageinthe  areaswheretheclimateisnotconducivetoagricultureandsettlement. ^n AnimalresourcesintheSudanstandatapproximately24,065,000headof $4 cattle,4,414,000camels,22,358,000sheepand18,604,000goats.  7.  IndustryalsoplaysanimportantroleintheeconomyoftheSudan,which v! hasvariousmodernlightindustries,aswellasconversionindustries. <L" 8.  Incommonwithothercountries,theSudanhasnumeroustraderelations  $ withotherStatestowhichitexportsthesurplustoitsrequirementandfrom !% whichitimportsthecommoditiesthatitneeds. T"d& @22rII.GENERALPOLITICALSTRUCTURE #( 9.  ThepoliticalsystemintheRepublicoftheSudanisbasedonthree l%| * integralformsofcongress: 2&B!+   (a) People'scongresses; '"-   (b) Sectoralcongresses; J)Z$/   (c) Legislativeandconstitutionalmonitoringinstitutions. *%1   b,r'3 10.  Thepoliticalsystemaimstoaccomplishfiveobjectivesdefinedas:  0  1.0 ##Achievingparticipatorydemocracybygivingallcitizensthe | opportunitytoplayaneffectiveroleinnationalaction.BR # # 0  2.0 ##Rallyingthenationalwillandmobilizingenergiestoreconstruct  thecountryandprovideimpetustodevelopment.  # # 0  3.0 ##Restoringthepoliticalandlegislativedecision-makingto  0 citizensatallnationaloppositionlevels.   # # 0  4.0 ##Openinguppoliticalactionthroughthesectoralcongressestoall r   socialforces,particularlythosewithamorerecenthistory,such 8H  astradeunions,federations,associationsandleagueswith   varyingconcerns.  # # 0  5.0 ##Devisingaframeworkforpoliticalactionthatwillachieve P`  freedom,partnership,consultation,equalityandjusticeforall &  citizens.  # # 11.  Inthelightofthatinitiativeandapproach,thenecessaryelections hx wereheldtoformthestructureofthepoliticalsystem,whichwascompleted .> withtheestablishmentoftheNationalAssemblyelectedinMarch1996in  accordancewiththeprovisionsofthePublicElectionsActof1995.  12.  ThePresidentoftheRepublicwasalsoelectedinpublicelections FV conductedinMay1996.   Thejudiciary  13.  TheSudaneselegislatorfirstofallestablishedtheprincipleofthe $4 independenceofthejudiciaryandalsoformulatedasetofguaranteesintended  torealizetheprincipleofthesovereigntyoflawandjustice.TheJudiciary   Actof1986providesthatthejudicialpowerintheSudanshouldbelongtoan v! independentjudiciary(art.8oftheAct).Withaviewtoensuringthat <L" independence,asetofguaranteeswasadopted,includingtheprinciplethat  # thejudiciarywouldnotbesubjecttotheexecutive.TheJudiciaryActof  $ 1986alsoentrustedthesupervisionofjudiciaryaffairstotheHighJudiciary !% Council,whichisresponsibleforexaminingmattersrelatingtoappointment, T"d& dismissal,transfer,promotionandaccountability.TheActalsoguarantees #*' theindependenceofthejudiciarybystipulatinginitsprovisionsthatthe #( emolumentsofthejudiciaryshouldbeinaccordancewiththescheduleannexed $) totheAct(art.33)andthatthemembersofthejudiciaryshouldenjoy l%| * immunityfromcriminalproceedings(art.70). 2&B!+ 14.  IntheSudan,themembersofthejudiciaryperformtheirfunctions '"- independently;theyhavefulljudicialpoweronthebasisoftheir (#. jurisdictionsandmaynotbedirectlyorindirectlyinfluencedintheir J)Z$/ rulings. * %0 15.  Theprovisionsofarticle68oftheThirteenthConstitutionalDecree +&2 of1995affirmtheprincipleoftheruleoflaw,pursuanttowhichthe b,r'3 constitutionalityofanylawpromulgatedbytheNationalAssemblymaybe  (-8(4 challengedintheSupremeCourt,asmayaprovisionaldecreeofthePresident  oftheRepublicoralawpromulgatedbyaStatecouncil,providedthatthe  challengeisbasedontransgressionoftheboundariesoftheconstitutional | federalsystemorconstitutionalhumanrights. BR Theexecutive  16.  TheexecutiveisheadedbythePresidentoftheRepublicandcomprises Z j asitsmembershipthefederalministries,whichformulatenationalplansand  0 programmesrelatingtotheStateandsociety.Theyalsoexaminefederal    bills,theproposedgeneralbudgetandinternationaltreatiesbeforetheyare    submittedtotheNationalAssemblyandParliamentforfinalapproval. r   Thelegislature   17.  Thisisthelegislativebodychargedwithenactingandpassing   legislationandlaws,approvingthecountry'sgeneralbudgetandmonitoring P`  theexecutivemachinery.Itsmembersareelectedtoofficeinfreedirect &  electionsheldinthegeographicalconstituenciesandsectors(countyMwide   constituencies).  @ rIII.GENERALLEGALFRAMEWORKWITHINWHICHHUMANRIGHTSAREPROTECTED .> 18.  TherespectforandobservanceofhumanrightsshownintheSudanare  primarilyattributabletotheadherenceofSudanesesocietytoitsvaluesand  highideals,aswellastotheprinciplesstemmingfromitsspiritual,moral FV andculturalheritage.   19.  Bearinginmindthatlegalsystemsultimatelyexpresstheattitudes,  principlesandcustomsofanation,theSudaneselegislatorendeavouredto ^n encompassthosevaluesinthecountry'slegislativestructuresandinits $4 operativelawsthatarebindingonallcitizens,betheyrulersorruled,  individualsorgroups.Hence,thesesystemsandlegislativeactstogether   formanintegralandeffectivebodyofessentialguaranteesthatserveasan v! adequatesafeguardofthecivil,political,economic,socialandcultural <L" rightsofhumanbeings.  # @rIV.INFORMATIONANDPUBLICITY !% 20.  InaccordancewiththeresolutionissuedbytheGeneralAssemblyofthe #*' UnitedNationsonraisingawarenessofhumanrights,theGovernmentofthe #( Sudanbegantoformulateaplanofactiontoenablethehumanrightseducation $) committeesinthedifferentstatesoftheSudantoadoptthenationalplan l%| * implementedbytheConsultativeCouncilwithinthegeographicalboundariesof 2&B!+ eachstateinaccordancewithspecificprogrammesofactionaimedat &", eliminatingtheobstaclestohumanrightsawareness. '"- 21.  Themeasurestobetakenarethefollowing: J)Z$/   (a) Protectthestrengtheningofhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedoms *%1 asabirthrightofallhumankindanddisseminatethehumanrightsinstruments; +&2   (-8(4   (b) Undertaketoeliminatethepresentgapbetweentheexistenceand  theenjoymentoffundamentalrights,andcompileandpublishreportsand  statisticsonthesubject; |   (c) Urgeindividualstoparticipate,shareinandenjoycultural,  economic,politicalandsocialdevelopmentandraisetheirawarenessoftheir  righttodoso;     (d) Cooperateandcoordinatewithhumanrightsorganizationsand  0 bodiesandtherelevantUnitedNationsagenciesinordertostrengthenand    rationalizethestructuresandactivitiesaimedatspreadingawarenessof    humanrights,aswellasavoidduplication; r     (e) Encouragethepursuitofaclearandactivepolicyongender   mainstreaminginallpoliciesandprogrammeswithaviewtoguaranteeingand   declaringthefullenjoymentofhumanrightsbywomen;     (f) Draftacomprehensiveprogrammerelatingtoadvisoryservices, &  technicalandvocationalassistance,thepreparationofreportsandthe   elaborationofplanning,coordinationandeducationmeasuresinthefield  ofhumanrights,andundertakeanactiveroleinimplementingthe hx programme,togetherwithgeneralandspecifictrainingprogrammes,seminars .> andsymposia;    (g) CallupontheSudanAdvisoryCouncilforHumanRightsandthe  UnitedNationsHighCommissionerforHumanRightstoestablisheffective FV cooperationinthecontextofimplementingtheplanofactionsubmittedin   connectionwiththeUnitedNationsDecadeforHumanRightsEducation;    (h) Ensurethatstategovernments,politicalorgans,vocational ^n organizations,employers'organizations,non-governmentalorganizationsand $4 grass-rootsorganizationscarryoutthefollowing:  ~! + 3 X!  ~5A    (i)0 3 Formulateandimplementprogrammesthatwillraiseawareness v! amongtheirmembersofthehumanrightscontentof <L" internationalinstrumentsandtreaties;~5AqA݌ #3 #3 # Ќ! X+ 3 !  ~! + 3 X!  ~B݌̌! X+ 3 !  ~! + 3 X!  ~VC    (ii)0 3 Preparetrainingcourseswithaviewtoensuringthathuman !% rightsareobservedduringtheprocessofformulating T"d& policiesandplansandapprovingprogrammes;~VCC݌#*'3 #3 # Ќ! X+ 3 !  ~! + 3 X!  ~D݌̌! X+ 3 !  ~! + 3 X!  ~E     (iii)0 3 Mobilizetheeffortsoftheirmembershiptowardsthe $) diffusionofhumanrightsawarenessprogrammes;~EE݌l%| *3 #3 # Ќ! X+ 3 !  ~! + 3 X!  ~F݌̌! X+ 3 !  ~! + 3 X!  ~    (iv)0 3 Undertakethetaskofrecommendinglegislativeand &", administrativereformswithaviewtoenablingState '"- citizenstoenjoytheirfundamentalhumanrights;~G݌(#.3 #3 # Ќ! X+ 3 !  ~! + 3 X!  ~H  ~H9I݌̌! X+ 3 !  ~! + 3 X!  ~I    (v)0 3 Recommendtheformulationofstudyprogrammesandthe * %0 productionofteachingmaterialssuchastoensurethatall *%1 citizensaremorewidelyawareofandfamiliarwiththeir +&2 fundamentalrights;~II݌b,r'33 #3 #  ! X+ 3 !  ~! + 3 X!  ~K݌ (-8(4 Ќ! X+ 3 !     (vi)0 3 Increasepublicawarenessofhumanrightsvaluesand   criteria.3 #3 # ~! + 3 X!  ~L  ~LL݌̌! X+ 3 !  22.  Incommonwithotherdevelopingcountries,theSudansuffersfromthe BR problemscausedbypoverty,instability,insecurityandtheexternaldebt  burden.Itisthereforehighlydependentonforeignassistancefrom  internationalorganizationsandbankinginstitutionstoimplementchild   protectionprogrammesandtheprovisionsoftheInternationalBillof Z j HumanRights.However,thefactthatsuchassistanceiseithernegligibleor  0 oftencompletelynon-existentconstitutesaninsurmountableobstacletothe    implementationofhumanrightsandmakesitextremelydifficulttoputinto    actiontheplansandprogrammeswhichhavebeenframedinthatconnection. r   @__)rMMMMM