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Ý ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àVienna€Declaration€and€Programme€of€Action,€òòReport€of€the€WorldÏConference€on€Human€Rights,€Viennaóó,€14„25€June€1993€(A/CONF.157/24€(Part€I)),Ïchap.III,€sect.€II,€para.€51. dÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àA/CONF.157/TBB/4. gÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àCRC/C/16,€annex€VII. ÛÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àSee€òòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Forty„seventh€Sessionóó,ÏòòSupplement€No.€41óó€(A/47/41),€chap.€I,€recommendation€1. cÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àIbid.,€para.€17. tÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àIbid.,€chap.€I,€recommendation€2. mÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àA/47/628,€annex,€para.€43. iÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àE/CN.4/1990/39,€annex. uÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àSee€A/47/628,€annex,€paras.€51„55. dÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àA/CONF.157/PC/73. ]Ý ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àHRI/GEN/1. ÎÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àòòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Forty„seventh€Sessionóó,òòÏSupplement€No.€41óó€(A/47/41),€paras.€14€and€15. tÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àIbid.,€chap.€I,€recommendation€2. jÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àE/CN.4/Sub.2/479/Rev.1. gÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àE/CN.4/Sub.2/1993/7. åÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àòòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Forty„seventh€Sessionóó,òòÏSupplement€No.€41óó€(A/48/41),€chap.€I,€recommendation€5,€and€para.€18. mÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àA/CONF.157/PC/20,€para.€5. gÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àSee€A/47/628,€annex. mÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àA/47/628,€annex,€para.€61. –Ý ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àSee€chap.€I.J,€fourth€session,€recommendation€5€and€E/CN.4/1994/91. ÝÝ ƒM$ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà .àòòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Forty„seventh€Sessionóó,òòÏSupplement€No.€41óó€(A/47/41),€chap.I,€recommendation€3.Ìòòóó ¸Ý ƒ+'ÝÝ  ÝÒ ( ÒÒ X ÒÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôß`€'eO?;z|À\§° pÀ €@@@`ß kÝ ƒ)"ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà@ô .,à„Ú  ÚÚ  Ú„ˆ ÿÿÿdTable_A d kÝ ƒ)ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà@ì .$à„Ú  ÚÚ  Ú„ˆ ¸Ý ƒ+'ÝÝ  ÝÒ ( ÒÒ X ÒÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôß`€'lO?;z|À\§° pÀ €@@@`ß kÝ ƒ)"ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà@ô .,à„Ú  ÚÚ  Ú„ˆTable_B3 ªHa`$2Line Printer 16.67cpiTable_C kÝ ƒ)ÝÝ  ÝÓ882 ÓÔ  Ôà@ì .$à„Ú  ÚÚ  Ú„ˆ("2à$¥¥Ý ƒw–B!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRXà3Ø'3Ø'3Ø'ÿ Letterÿ3Ø'TÑÑX°ÑÑÀ°ÑÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒÑ  ÑÔ€ôµ‘õõôÔÔ€ôµ‘õõôµ‘ÔÑ fXÑÑ fXÑÓC€  ÿÿ$#yCÓØ--ØÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÝ  ÝÓ…+…+Ó€€€€€òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó/  ÿÿCƒ‰•›£«±Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)#|d«<þ6X9`(Courierô¡dþ6X@ɹ`7ûô@3 ªHa`$2Line Printer 16.67cpi©H ªH@Žú¥Ç;©@(ã–B$¡¡ÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRXà3Ø'3Ø'3Ø'ÿ Letterÿ3Ø'TÑÑX°ÑÑÀ°ÑÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒÑ  ÑÔ€ôµ‘õõôÔÔ€ôµ‘õõôµ‘ÔÑ fXÑÑ fXÑÓC€  ÿÿ$#yCÓØ--ØÓ'882^ °œX'Ó# e37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)\^)eskt8v~ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒw–B!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRXà3Ø'3Ø'3Ø'ÿ Letterÿ3Ø'TÑÑX°ÑÑÀ°ÑÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒÑ  ÑÔ€ôµ‘õõôÔÔ€ôµ‘õõôµ‘ÔÑ fXÑÑ fXÑÓC€  ÿÿ$ CÓØ--ØÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÝ  ÝÔ€I 8hèÔÝ ƒqÿÝÔUKUK.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRXà3Ø'Xà3Ø'3Ø'ÿ Letter3Ø'ÿ LetterTÑÑXXÑÑÀÀÑÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+…+ÓÒ88ÒÒ88ÒÔ€ôµ‘õõôµ‘ÔÔ€ôµ‘õõôµ‘ÔÓC€  ÿÿ$$CÓØ--ØÖ€ÿÿÖÖ€ÿÿÖÓ0882^ 882^ö0ÓÝ  ÝÑ  Ñà€ÐÐG #à[Original:€€English]ˆÐ Xè ÐÔ  ÔÌà€ÐÐG #à[19€May€1994]€€€€€€€ˆÌÌà@\\/ìàCONTENTSˆÌÌÓ' 88t882^ö'ÓòòChapteróóà t àòòParagraphsóó€€òòPageóóÐ Î^  ÐÔ .ÔÓ38 8,ô„   P"88<3ÓÌà‘dd ,àI.ˆà ô àCONCLUSIONS€AND€RECOMMENDATIONS€ADOPTED€BY€THEÐ   0  Ðà‘,,,àˆà ô àCOMMITTEE€ON€THE€RIGHTS€OF€THE€CHILD€AT€ITS€SECONDÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àTO€FIFTH€SESSIONS€...............................................à‘ì!ì!VP"à1ˆÐ r   ÐÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àA.à „ àOrganization€of€work€........................................à‘ì!ì!VP"à1ˆÐ D Ô ÐÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àB.à „ àStrengthening€the€support€to€the€Committee€..................à‘ì!ì!VP"à3ˆÐ ¦ ÐÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àC.à „ àInformal€regional€meetings€..................................à‘ì!ì!VP"à4ˆÐ èx ÐÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àD.à „ àSources€of€information€......................................à‘ì!ì!VP"à5ˆÐ ºJ ÐÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àE.à „ àPublic€information€activities€...............................à‘ì!ì!VP"à6ˆÐ Œ ÐÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àF.à „ àDocumentation€unit€on€the€rights€of€the€child€...............à‘ì!ì!VP"à8ˆÐ ^î ÐÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àG.à „ àRelations€with€other€United€Nations€organs€and€treaty€bodiesà‘ì!ì!VP"à8ˆÐ 0À ÐÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àH.à „ àMeeting€of€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€..à‘ˆ!ˆ!UP"à12ˆÐ ’ ÐÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àI.à „ àWorld€Conference€on€Human€Rights:€€recommendation€to€theÐ Ôd Ðà‘,,,àˆà ô àà „ àPreparatory€Committee€for€the€World€Conference€on€HumanÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àà „ àRights€......................................................à‘ˆ!ˆ!UP"à13ˆÐ ¦6! ÐÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àJ.à „ àChildren€in€armed€conflicts:€€recommendation€to€the€GeneralÐ x!# Ðà‘,,,àˆà ô àà „ àAssembly€....................................................à‘ˆ!ˆ!UP"à14ˆÐ a ñ!$ ÐÓE8 8,ô„  œP"88,ô‚  P"EÓÌà‘ ,àII.ˆà ô àORGANIZATIONAL€AND€OTHER€MATTERS€.....................àÑDDEœà1€„€15ˆà‘ˆ!ˆ!UP"à16ˆÐ 3"Ã#& Ðà‘,,,àˆà ô àÌÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àA.à „ àStates€parties€to€the€Convention€.................àѨ¨Fœà1€„€2ˆà‘ˆ!ˆ!UP"à16ˆÐ î$~&) ÐÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àB.à „ àSessions€and€agenda€..............................àѨ¨Fœà3€„€4ˆà‘ˆ!ˆ!UP"à16ˆÐ À&P(+ ÐÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àC.à „ àMembership€and€attendance€........................àѨ¨Fœà5€„€7ˆà‘ˆ!ˆ!UP"à16ˆÐ ’("*- ÐÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àD.à „ àElection€of€officers€.............................àѨ¨Fœà8€„€9ˆà‘ˆ!ˆ!UP"à17ˆÐ d*ô+/ ÐÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àE.à „ àOrganization€of€the€work€of€the€Committee€........€€€€10à‘ˆ!ˆ!UP"à17ˆÐ 6,Æ-1 ÐÌà‘,,,àˆà ô àF.à „ àPre„sessional€working€group€......................àÑààDœà11€„€14ˆà‘ˆ!ˆ!UP"à18ˆÐ .˜/3 ÐÐ ñ.04  Ðà‘,,,àˆà ô àG.à „ àAdoption€of€the€report€...........................€€€€15à‘ˆ!ˆ!UP"à18ˆÐ X ÐÌà‘, .œàIII.ˆàô .ôàREPORTS€BY€STATES€PARTIES€UNDER€ARTICLE€44€OF€THEÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàCONVENTION€...........................................àÑœ .Ôà16ˆ€„€329à‘P" .ˆ!à19ˆÌÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàA.à„ .„àSubmission€of€reports€............................àÑœ .Ôà16ˆ€„€26à‘P" .ˆ!à19ˆÌÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàB.à„ .„àConsideration€of€reports€.........................àÑœ .Ôà27ˆ€„€329à‘P" .ˆ!à20ˆÌÌà@ì .òà„iii„ˆÇÑ  Ñà@ì .àCONTENTS€(continued)ˆÌÌÓ 88tÓòòChapteróóàt .tàòòParagraphsóó€€òòPageóóÌÔ  ÔÔ , ÔÓ)8 8,ô„  pœP")ÓÌà‘, .àIV.ˆàô .ôàOVERVIEW€OF€THE€OTHER€ACTIVITIES€OF€THE€COMMITTEE€...àp .pà330€„€577à‘P" .ˆ!à62ˆÌÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàA.€€Independence€of€experts€.........................€€€€€330à‘P" .ˆ!à62ˆÌÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàB.à„ .„àMethods€of€work€.................................àp .pààÑœ .pà331ˆ€„€424à‘P" .ˆ!à62ˆÌÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàC.à„ .„àPublic€information€activities€and€education€onÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàà„ .„àchildren's€rights€...............................àp .pààÑœ .pà425ˆ€„€445à‘P" .ˆ!à78ˆÌÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàD.à„ .„àInternational€cooperation€and€solidarity€for€theÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàà„ .„àimplementation€of€the€Convention€on€the€RightsÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàà„ .„àof€the€Child€....................................àp .pààÑœ .pà446ˆ€„€524à‘P" .ˆ!à80ˆÌÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàE.à„ .„àReservations€....................................àp .pààÑœ .pà525ˆ€„€534à‘P" .ˆ!à93ˆÌÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàF.à„ .„àGeneral€thematic€discussions€....................àp .pààÑœ .pà535ˆ€„€577à‘P" .ˆ!à94ˆÌÌà@ì .ŽàòòAnnexesóóˆÌÌà‘, .dàI.ˆàô .ôàStates€that€have€ratified€or€acceded€to€the€Convention€on€theÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàRights€of€the€Child€as€at€28January1994€.......................à‘P" .$!à107ˆÌÌà‘, .àII.ˆàô .ôàAgendas€of€the€second,€third,€fourth€and€fifth€sessions€of€theÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàCommittee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€............................à‘P" .$!à112ˆÌÌà‘, .œàIII.ˆàô .ôàMembership€of€the€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€..........à‘P" .$!à116ˆÌÌà‘, .àIV.ˆàô .ôàStatus€of€submission€of€reports€by€States€parties€underÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàarticle44€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€.........à‘P" .$!à117ˆÌÌà‘, .dàV.ˆàô .ôàChildren€in€armed€conflicts:€€recommendation€to€the€GeneralÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàAssembly€........................................................à‘P" .$!à125ˆÌÌà‘, .àVI.ˆàô .ôàFollow„up€to€the€consideration€of€initial€reports€by€StatesÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàparties€to€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€............à‘P" .$!à126ˆÌÌà‘, .œàVII.ˆàô .ôàAreas€identified€by€the€Committee€for€technical€advice€andÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàassistance€and€advisory€services€................................à‘P" .$!à128ˆÌÌà‘, .8àVIII.ˆàô .ôàPreliminary€draft€optional€protocol€on€involvement€of€children€inÌà‘, .,àˆàô .ôàarmed€conflicts€.................................................à‘P" .$!à130ˆÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ì .$à„iv„ˆÇÓ882 ÓÙ  ÙØØ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€I.€€CONCLUSIONS€AND€RECOMMENDATIONS€ADOPTED€BYÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€THE€COMMITTEE€ON€THE€RIGHTS€OF€THE€CHILDÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€AT€ITS€SECOND€TO€FIFTH€SESSIONSÌÌÌà@ì .<àA.€€òòOrganization€of€workóóˆÌÌà@ì .ä à1.€€òòFourth€session,€recommendation€1óóˆÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecallingóó€the€rapid€entry€into€force€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€theÏChild× ƒL ××  ×€and€the€historic€number€of€States€parties,€which€demonstrate€aÏwidespread€commitment€to€the€promotion€and€protection€of€the€rights€of€theÏchild,ÌÌà2 .2àòòAwareóó€of€the€high€expectations€for€effectiveness€in€the€functioning€of€theÏCommittee,€which€constitutes€an€essential€mechanism€for€the€implementation€ofÏthe€provisions€of€the€Convention,ÌÌà2 .2àòòConcernedóó€about€the€workload€of€the€Committee€and€the€risk€of€building€upÏan€undesirable€backlog€in€the€consideration€of€State€party€reports,ÌÌà2 .2àòòNotingóó€the€concern€expressed€by€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€at€theÏincreasingly€heavy€workload€of€the€Committee€and€the€resulting€difficultiesÏfaced€by€it€in€the€fulfilment€of€its€functions,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecallingóó€the€recommendation€made€by€the€World€Conference€on€Human€RightsÏthat€the€Committee,€with€the€assistance€of€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights,€beÏenabled€expeditiously€and€effectively€to€meet€its€mandate,€especially€in€view€ofÏthe€unprecedented€extent€of€ratification€and€subsequent€submission€of€StateÏparty€reports,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecognizingóó€the€need€to€adopt€urgent€and€adequate€solutions€to€deal€withÏthis€situation€in€order€not€to€dash€the€expectations€the€Convention€has€created,ÌÌÓ882 Óà2 .2à1.à .àòòDecidesóó,€in€accordance€with€rule€3€of€its€provisional€rules€ofÏprocedure,€to€convene€a€special€session€of€the€Committee€in€1994;ÌÌà2 .2à2.à .àòòAlso€decidesóó€that€the€special€session€should€be€preceded€by€a€meetingÏof€its€established€working€group€to€conduct€a€preliminary€review€of€reportsÏsubmitted€under€article€44€of€the€Convention€and€to€consider€questions€relatingÏto€technical€assistance€and€international€cooperation€pursuant€to€article€45€ofÏthe€Convention;ÌÌà2 .2à3.à .àòòFurther€decidesóó€to€fix€the€dates€of€the€special€session€and€theÏpre-sessional€working€group€in€consultation€with€the€Secretary-General,€takingÏinto€account€the€calendar€of€conferences€as€approved€by€the€General€Assembly.€Çà@ì . à2.òòFifth€session,€recommendation€2óóˆÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌà2 .2àòòNotingóó€the€previous€conclusions€and€recommendations€it€has€adopted€in€orderÏto€ensure€effectiveness€in€its€work€and€prevent€the€building€up€of€anÏundesirable€backlog€in€the€consideration€of€State€party€reports,ÌÌà2 .2àòòStressingóó€the€need€to€adopt€urgent€and€adequate€solutions€to€meet€the€highÏexpectations€created€by€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childòò1óó/€and€itsÏsystem€of€implementation,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecallingóó€in€particular€the€decision€adopted€at€its€fourth€session€toÏconvene€a€special€session€of€the€Committee€in€1994,€in€accordance€with€rule€3€ofÏits€rules€of€procedure,ÌÌà2 .2àòòNotingóó€that,€pursuant€to€article€44,€paragraph€5,€of€the€Convention,€and€inÏaccordance€with€rule€64€of€its€rules€of€procedure,€the€Committee€will€submit€toÏthe€General€Assembly,€through€the€Economic€and€Social€Council,€every€two€years,Ïreports€on€its€activities,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecallingóó€that€the€biennial€report€of€the€Committee€will€only€be€examinedÏduring€the€forty-ninth€session€of€the€General€Assembly,€to€take€place€at€the€endÏof€1994,ÌÌà2 .2àòòReaffirmsóó€the€decisive€importance€and€urgency€of€holding€such€a€specialÏsession€in€1994,€preceded€by€a€pre-sessional€working€group€meeting,€as€anÏessential€measure€in€facing€its€workload€in€an€effective€and€expeditious€manner,Ïin€the€light€of€the€recommendations€of€the€World€Conference€on€Human€Rights.ÌÌÌà@ì . à3.€€òòFifth€session,€recommendation€1óóˆÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecallingóó€that€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childòò1óó/€has€become,Ïwithin€an€exceptionally€short€period,€the€international€human€rights€instrumentÏwith€the€largest€number€of€ratifications,€demonstrating€the€internationalÏcommunity's€special€commitment€to€the€promotion€and€protection€of€the€rights€ofÏchildren,ÌÌà2 .2àòòConcernedóó€about€the€workload€of€the€Committee€and€the€risk€of€building€upÏan€undesirable€backlog€in€the€consideration€of€State€party€reports€submittedÏpursuant€to€article€44€of€the€Convention,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecallingóó€that€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€has€also€expressed€concern€atÏthe€increasingly€heavy€workload€of€the€Committee€and€the€resulting€difficultiesÏfaced€by€it€in€the€fulfilment€of€its€functions,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecalling€alsoóó€the€recommendation€made€by€the€World€Conference€on€HumanÏRights€that€the€Committee,€with€the€assistance€of€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights,Ïbe€enabled€expeditiously€and€effectively€to€meet€its€mandate,€especially€in€viewÏof€the€unprecedented€extent€of€ratifications€and€subsequent€submission€ofÏcountry€reports,ÌÌà2 .2àòòConvincedóó€that€having€an€adequate€amount€of€time€for€the€meetings€of€theÏCommittee€is€a€vital€factor€in€ensuring€the€continued€effectiveness€of€theÏCommittee€in€future€years,ÌÌà2 .2à1.à .àòòRequestsóó€the€Secretary-General€to€convene€a€Meeting€of€the€StatesÏParties€to€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€in€advance€of€or€duringÏthe€course€of€the€forty-ninth€session€of€the€General€Assembly,€with€a€view€toÏreviewing,€pursuant€to€paragraph€10€of€article€43€of€the€Convention,€theÏduration€of€the€meetings€of€the€Committee;ÌÌà2 .2à2.à .àòòRequestsóó,€in€accordance€with€the€above-mentioned€provision€of€theÏConvention,€the€States€parties€to€determine€that€the€number€of€annual€sessionsÏof€the€Committee€as€from€1995,€as€well€as€the€number€of€sessions€of€the€workingÏgroup€established€to€conduct€a€preliminary€review€of€State€party€reports€and€toÏconsider€questions€relating€to€technical€assistance€and€internationalÏcooperation,€should€be€increased€to€three;ÌÌà2 .2à3.à .àòòRequestsóó€the€General€Assembly€at€its€forty-ninth€session€to€approveÏany€such€determination€that€may€be€adopted€by€the€States€parties;ÌÌà2 .2à4.à .àòòDecidesóó€to€fix€the€dates€of€such€a€third€regular€session€and€of€itsÏpre-sessional€working€group€in€consultation€with€the€Secretary-General,€takingÏinto€account€the€calendar€of€conferences€as€approved€by€the€General€Assembly.ÌÌÌà@ì .ð àB.€€òòStrengthening€the€support€to€the€CommitteeˆÌÌà@ì .¬ àFourth€session,€recommendation€2ˆÌÌóóòòóóà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌà2 .2àòòHaving€consideredóó€its€workload€in€view€of€the€unprecedented€number€of€StateÏparty€reports€expected€to€be€submitted€under€article€44€of€the€Convention€on€theÏRights€of€the€Child,òò1óó/ÌÌà2 .2àòòHaving€reviewedóó€its€general€working€conditions,€and€recalling€theÏimportance€of€dealing€with€State€party€reports€without€delay€in€order€not€toÏdash€the€expectations€created€around€the€rights€of€the€child,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecognizingóó€the€importance€of€paying€due€attention€to€the€field€ofÏtechnical€assistance€and€international€cooperation€pursuant€to€article€45€of€theÏConvention,ÌÌà2 .2àòòEncouragedóó€by€the€recommendation€of€the€World€Conference€on€Human€RightsÏthat€the€Committee,€with€the€assistance€of€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights,€beÏenabled€expeditiously€and€effectively€to€meet€its€mandate,ÌÌà2 .2àòòConvincedóó€of€the€need€to€adopt€urgent€measures€for€the€servicing€of€theÏCommittee,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRequestsóó€the€Secretary-General€to€strengthen€the€support€to€the€CommitteeÏand€to€provide€it€with€a€minimum€of€two€additional€Professional€and€oneÏadditional€General€Service€posts.ÌÌÌÇà@ì .àC.€€òòInformal€regional€meetingsˆÌÌóóà@ì .ä à1.€€òòSecond€session,€recommendation€1óóˆÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,€ÌÌà2 .2àòòReaffirmingóó€the€usefulness€of€organizing€meetings€in€different€regions€ofÏthe€world€in€order€to€enhance€implementation€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€ofÏthe€Child,òò1óó/ÌÌà2 .2àòòEncouragedóó€by€the€successful€results€of€the€first€informal€regional€meetingÏof€the€Committee,€held€in€the€Latin€American€and€Caribbean€region,€at€Quito,€inÏJune€1992,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecognizingóó€the€important€role€informal€regional€meetings€can€play€inÏpromoting€greater€awareness€of€the€principles€and€provisions€of€the€ConventionÏon€the€Rights€of€the€Child€and€of€the€work€of€the€Committee,€as€well€as€inÏenabling€the€members€of€the€Committee€to€acquire€a€deeper€knowledge€and€betterÏunderstanding€of€the€realities€in€a€region,ÌÌà2 .2àòòConvincedóó€of€the€relevance€of€these€meetings€for€enhancing€meaningfullyÏinternational€cooperation€and€joint€efforts€between€United€Nations€bodies,Ïspecialized€agencies€and€other€competent€bodies€active€in€the€field€of€theÏimplementation€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,ÌÌà2 .2àòòWelcomingóó€the€decision€of€the€United€Nations€Children's€Fund€to€facilitateÏthe€Quito€meeting,€in€close€cooperation€with€other€United€Nations€bodies,€andÏthe€efforts€made€in€order€to€ensure€its€success,ÌÌà2 .2àòòStressingóó€the€importance€of€the€participation€in€such€regional€meetings€ofÏnon-governmental€organizations€active€in€the€field€of€the€rights€of€the€child,ÌÌà2 .2à1.à .àòòWelcomesóó€the€opportunity€given€to€the€Committee€to€hold€the€firstÏinformal€regional€meeting€at€Quito;ÌÌà2 .2à2.à .àòòExpressesóó€its€thanks€to€the€Government€of€Ecuador€for€the€warm€welcomeÏit€extended€at€the€opening€of€the€informal€regional€meeting€of€the€Committee;ÌÌà2 .2à3.à .àòòRecognizesóó€the€important€contribution€of€such€meetings€to€the€widerÏpromotion€of€the€rights€of€the€child;ÌÌà2 .2à4.à .àòòWelcomesóó€the€possibility€of€holding€other€informal€regional€meetings,Ïwhenever€possible€on€an€annual€basis.ÌÌÌà@ì .ä à2.€€òòFourth€session,€recommendation€3óóˆÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌà2 .2àòòReaffirmingóó€that€informal€regional€meetings€can€play€an€important€role€inÏpromoting€greater€awareness€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childòò1óó/€andÏof€the€work€of€the€Committee,€as€well€as€in€enabling€the€members€of€theÏCommittee€to€acquire€a€deeper€knowledge€and€better€understanding€of€theÏrealities€in€a€given€region,ÌÌà2 .2àòòConvincedóó€of€the€relevance€of€these€meetings€for€enhancing€meaningfullyÏinternational€cooperation€and€joint€efforts€between€United€Nations€bodies,€specialized€agencies€and€other€competent€bodies€active€in€the€field€of€theÏrights€of€the€child,ÌÌà2 .2àòòStressingóó€the€importance€of€the€participation€in€such€meetings€ofÏnon-governmental€organizations€active€in€the€field€of€the€rights€of€the€child,ÌÌà2 .2àòòWelcomingóó€the€decision€of€the€United€Nations€Children's€Fund€to€facilitateÏthe€meetings€held€at€Quito€in€1992€and€Bangkok€in€1993,€in€close€cooperationÏwith€other€United€Nations€bodies,€and€the€efforts€made€to€ensure€their€success,ÌÌà2 .2à1.à .àòòEmphasizesóó€the€decisive€role€of€informal€regional€meetings€inÏcontributing€to€a€wider€promotion€of€the€rights€of€the€child;ÌÌà2 .2à2.à .àòòRecognizesóó€the€importance€of€such€meetings€for€achieving€universalÏratification€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€as€well€as€itsÏeffective€implementation,€as€recommended€by€the€World€Conference€on€HumanÏRights;ÌÌà2 .2à3.à .àòòWelcomesóó€the€possibility€of€holding€other€informal€regional€meetings,Ïwhenever€possible€on€an€annual€basis.ÌÌÌà@ì .ØàD.€€òòSources€of€informationóóˆÌÌà@ì .¬ àòòSecond€session,€recommendation€2óóˆÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecallingóó€that,€as€recognized€by€the€third€meeting€of€the€persons€chairingÏthe€human€rights€treaty€bodies,€"each€of€the€treaty€bodies€should€have€access€toÏall€of€the€sources€of€information€that€it€feels€it€needs€in€order€to€beÏeffective",× ƒN ××  ×ÌÌà2 .2àòòBearing€in€mindóó€the€importance€of€the€information€that€can€be€provided€toÏthe€Committee€by€the€United€Nations€bodies,€specialized€agencies€and€otherÏcompetent€bodies,€in€view€of€their€experience€and€knowledge€in€the€field€of€theÏrights€of€the€child,ÌÌà2 .2àòòReaffirmingóó€that€access€by€the€Committee€to€all€relevant€sources€ofÏinformation€pertaining€to€its€functions€will€be€essential€to€ensure€effectiveÏperformance€of€its€activities,ÌÌà2 .2à1.à .àòòReiteratesóó€the€request€addressed€to€the€Secretary-General€to€establishÏa€committee€resource€room€for€the€purpose€of€gathering€and€facilitating€accessÏto€the€various€sources€of€information€that€are€indispensable€for€the€effectiveÏfunctioning€of€the€Committee;ÌÌà2 .2à2.à .àòòRequestsóó€the€secretariat€to€report€at€the€beginning€of€each€session€onÏthe€action€taken€pursuant€to€decisions€adopted€by€the€Committee€at€its€previousÏsessions;ÌÌà2 .2à3.à .àòòAlso€requestsóó€the€secretariat€to€continue€to€organize€country€filesÏand€to€prepare€an€analytical€study€of€available€information€concerning€eachÏState€party€whose€report€is€to€be€considered€by€the€Committee,€in€the€light€ofÏthe€adopted€reporting€guidelines;̇à2 .2à4.à .àòòEncouragesóó€United€Nations€bodies,€specialized€agencies€and€otherÏcompetent€bodies,€in€order€to€foster€the€effective€implementation€of€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,òò1óó/€to€provide€the€Committee€with€relevantÏinformation€concerning€each€State€party€whose€report€is€scheduled€to€beÏconsidered€by€the€Committee;ÌÌà2 .2à5.à .àòòExpressesóó€concern€at€the€difficulties€faced€and€the€delay€taken€inÏexpediting€the€implementation€of€the€recommendations€of€the€task€force€onÏcomputerization€appointed€by€the€Secretary-General€with€a€view€to€increasing€theÏefficiency€and€effectiveness€of€the€functioning€of€the€treaty€bodies;ÌÌà2 .2à6.à .àòòRecognizesóó€the€high€priority€of€the€computerization€of€the€work€of€theÏtreaty-monitoring€bodies€and€its€importance€to€improving€the€reporting€system,Ïand€encourages€the€next€meeting€of€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treatyÏbodies€to€give€particular€consideration€to€this€reality€and€to€envisage€theÏadoption€of€adequate€and€urgent€recommendations;ÌÌà2 .2à7.à .àòòDecidesóó€to€establish€a€working€group€among€its€members€to€consider€theÏquestion€of€the€system€of€information€and€documentation€relevant€to€its€work,Ïincluding€the€question€of€computerization,€in€cooperation€with€the€Centre€forÏHuman€Rights,€United€Nations€bodies€and€other€competent€bodies.ÌÌÌà@ì .z àE.€€òòPublic€information€activitiesóóˆÌÌà@ì .ä à1.€€òòSecond€session,€recommendation€3óóˆÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,€ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecognizingóó€the€importance€of€disseminating€information€on€the€ConventionÏon€the€Rights€of€the€Childòò1óó/€and€its€implementation€with€a€view€to€creatingÏgreater€awareness€and€a€deeper€understanding€of€its€principles€and€provisionsÏand€to€promote€the€full€realization€of€children's€rights,ÌÌà2 .2à1.à .àòòWelcomesóó€the€publication€of€an€issue€of€the€òòBulletin€of€Human€RightsóóÏon€"The€Rights€of€the€Child";ÌÌà2 .2à2.à .àòòRequestsóó€the€Secretary-General€to€provide€for€and€to€facilitate€andÏencourage€the€dissemination€of€information€concerning€the€Convention€and€theÏwork€of€the€Committee,€in€particular:ÌÌà2 .2à(a)à .àTo€consider€the€translation€of€the€Convention€into€additionalÏlanguages,€òòinteraliaóó,€by€issuing€Fact€Sheet€No.€10,€"The€Rights€of€the€Child",Ïin€additional€languages;ÌÌà2 .2à(b)à .àTo€consider€the€inclusion€in€the€òòManual€on€Human€Rights€Reportingóó€of€aÏchapter€concerning€the€mechanism€established€within€the€framework€of€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child;ÌÌà2 .2à(c)à .àTo€ensure€priority€to€the€completion€and€issuance€of€the€òòtravauxÏprparatoiresóó€and€the€commentary€on€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child;ÌÌà2 .2à(d)à .àTo€consider,€within€the€framework€of€the€preparation€and€disseminationÏof€printed€information€in€the€field€of€human€rights,€the€issuance€of€a€specialÏpublication€designed€to€make€the€principles€and€provisions€of€the€ConventionÏwidely€known€to€children;Ìà2 .2à3.à .àòòAlso€requestsóó€the€Secretary„General€to€ensure€that€the€United€NationsÏinformation€centres€or,€in€the€countries€where€such€information€centres€do€notÏexist,€the€United€Nations€Development€Programme€country€offices€make€freelyÏavailable€on€a€routine€basis€the€documents€of€the€Committee€for€generalÏdistribution,€particularly€the€reports€of€the€Committee,€the€reports€submittedÏto€the€Committee€by€the€State€in€whose€territory€the€information€centre€isÏlocated€and€the€summary€records€relating€to€the€examination€of€the€reports;ÌÌà2 .2à4.à .àòòFurther€requestsóó€the€Secretary-General€to€strengthen,€in€the€frameworkÏof€the€programme€of€advisory€services€and€technical€assistance€of€the€Centre€forÏHuman€Rights,€the€training€activities€related€to€the€implementation€of€theÏConvention,€as€well€as€the€organization€of€seminars€and€workshops€at€theÏnational€and€local€levels€for€the€purpose€of€training€those€involved€in€theÏpreparation€of€State€party€reports€in€accordance€with€the€adopted€reportingÏguidelines;ÌÌà2 .2à5.à .àòòEncouragesóó€the€Secretary-General€to€consider,€within€the€programme€ofÏadvisory€services€and€technical€assistance,€providing€training€and€assistance€toÏthe€national€institutions€acting€in€the€field€of€the€rights€of€the€child;ÌÌà2 .2à6.à .àòòAlso€encouragesóó€the€Secretary-General€to€consider€the€implementationÏof€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€as€a€priority€matter€within€theÏfellowship€programme;ÌÌà2 .2à7.à .àòòInvitesóó€States€parties€to€pay€particular€attention€to€the€need€forÏtranslating€and€publishing€the€Convention€in€the€various€local€languages€and€toÏensure€that€the€principles€and€provisions€thereof€are€made€widely€known,€byÏappropriate€and€active€means,€to€adults€and€children€alike.ÌÌÌà@ì . à2.€€òòThird€session,€recommendation€2óóˆÌÌà@ì .tàòòDissemination€of€informationóóˆÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,€ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecognizingóó€the€importance€of€disseminating€information€on€the€ConventionÏon€the€Rights€of€the€Childòò1óó/€and€on€its€implementation€system€with€a€view€toÏcreating€greater€awareness€and€to€promoting€the€realization€of€the€rights€of€theÏchild,ÌÌà2 .2àòòReaffirmingóó€the€importance€of€ensuring€that€the€United€Nations€informationÏcentres€or,€in€the€countries€where€such€information€centres€do€not€exist,€theÏUnited€Nations€Development€Programme€country€offices€make€freely€available€on€aÏroutine€basis€the€documents€of€the€Committee€for€general€distribution,ÌÌà2 .2à1.à .àòòRequestsóó€the€Secretary-General€to€ensure€that€particular€considerationÏis€given€to€the€availability€of€the€reports€of€the€Committee,€the€reportsÏsubmitted€to€the€Committee€by€the€State€in€whose€territory€the€informationÏcentre€is€located,€as€well€as€the€summary€records€relating€to€the€examination€ofÏthe€reports€and€the€concluding€observations€adopted€thereon€by€the€Committee;ÌÌà2 .2à2.à .àòòRecommendsóó€that,€in€order€to€ensure€easier€access€to€these€documentsÏand€to€assist€States€parties€in€their€endeavour€to€ensure€that€their€reports€areÏmade€widely€available€to€the€public€in€their€own€country,€in€the€light€ofÏarticle€44,€paragraph€6,€of€the€Convention,€serious€consideration€be€given€toÏthe€issuing€of€a€compilation€containing€the€State€party€report,€the€summary€records€relevant€to€its€consideration€and€the€concluding€observations€adoptedÏthereon€by€the€Committee.ÌÌÌà@ì .Z àF.€€òòDocumentation€unit€on€the€rights€of€the€childóóˆÌÌà@ì .Þ àòòThird€session,€recommendation€4óóˆÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,€ÌÌà2 .2àòòReaffirmingóó€the€importance€of€ensuring€its€access€to€all€relevant€sourcesÏof€information€pertaining€to€its€functions,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecognizingóó€the€need€to€ensure€effective€cooperation€and€constructiveÏdialogue€with€United€Nations€bodies€active€in€the€field€of€the€rights€of€theÏchild,€in€particular€the€Special€Rapporteur€of€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€onÏthe€sale€of€children,€child€prostitution€and€child€pornography€and€the€WorkingÏGroup€on€Contemporary€Forms€of€Slavery€of€the€Subcommission€on€Prevention€ofÏDiscrimination€and€Protection€of€Minorities,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecallingóó€the€recommendation€made€by€the€fourth€meeting€of€persons€chairingÏthe€human€rights€treaty€bodies€that€a€centralized€information€and€documentationÏunit€be€created€within€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecommendsóó€that€consideration€be€given€to€the€establishment,€within€theÏCentre€for€Human€Rights,€of€a€documentation€unit€on€the€rights€of€the€child,Ïentrusted€with€the€task€of€following€and€assisting€the€activities€developed€byÏthe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€the€Special€Rapporteur€of€theÏCommission€on€Human€Rights€on€the€sale€of€children,€child€prostitution€and€childÏpornography€and€the€Working€Group€on€Contemporary€Forms€of€Slavery€of€theÏSubcommission€on€Prevention€of€Discrimination€and€Protection€of€Minorities.ÌÌÌà@ì .làG.€€òòRelations€with€other€United€Nations€organs€and€treaty€bodiesˆÌÌóóà@ì .ä à1.€€òòSecond€session,€recommendation€4óóˆÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,€ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecognizingóó€the€importance€of€ensuring€effective€interaction€andÏcooperation€with€United€Nations€bodies€acting€in€the€field€of€the€rights€of€theÏchild,€including€the€Special€Rapporteur€of€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€on€theÏsale€of€children,€child€prostitution€and€child€pornography€and€the€Working€GroupÏon€Contemporary€Forms€of€Slavery€of€the€Subcommission€on€Prevention€ofÏDiscrimination€and€Protection€of€Minorities,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecognizing€alsoóó€the€need€to€maintain€effective€communication€and€dialogueÏwith€the€other€human€rights€bodies€on€common€issues€and€problems,ÌÌà2 .2àòòConsideringóó€the€need€and€importance€of€ensuring€its€participation€inÏactivities€taking€place€within€the€framework€of€the€United€Nations€that€are€ofÏrelevance€to€its€work,ÌÌà2 .2àòòEncouragedóó€by€Commission€on€Human€Rights€resolution€1992/15€ofÏ21February1992€in€which€the€Commission€stressed€the€continuing€need€forÏconsultation€and€exchange€of€information€between€all€treaty€bodies,ÌÌà2 .2à1.à .àòòWelcomesóó€the€possibility€of€holding€future€meetings€with€the€UnitedÏNations€bodies€acting€in€the€field€of€the€rights€of€the€child,€including€each€ofÏthe€treaty€bodies,€with€a€view€to€discussing€matters€of€common€interest;ÌÌà2 .2à2.à .àòòDecidesóó€to€follow,€as€appropriate,€the€meetings€and€activities€ofÏother€human€rights€treaty€bodies,€as€well€as€other€United€Nations€meetingsÏrelevant€to€its€work;ÌÌà2 .2à3.à .àòòWelcomesóó€the€holding€of€the€meetings€of€persons€chairing€the€humanÏrights€treaty€bodies€on€a€biennial€basis;ÌÌà2 .2à4.à .àòòWelcomesóó€the€opportunity€to€participate€in€the€seminar€of€experts€onÏappropriate€indicators€to€measure€achievements€in€the€progressive€realization€ofÏeconomic,€social€and€cultural€rights,€to€be€held€in€December€1992;ÌÌà2 .2à5.à .àòòWelcomesóó€the€opportunity€to€participate€in€the€meeting€of€experts€onÏthe€application€of€international€standards€concerning€the€human€rights€ofÏdetained€juveniles€to€be€organized€at€Geneva€in€March€1993,€following€a€proposalÏby€the€Secretary-General€endorsed€by€the€Subcommission€on€Prevention€ofÏDiscrimination€and€Protection€of€Minorities€in€its€resolution€1992/25€ofÏ27August1992,€in€which€the€Subcommission€also€expressed€the€wish€that€theÏCommittee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€be€represented€at€the€meeting€of€experts;ÌÌà2 .2à6.à .àòòExpressesóó€the€hope€that€adequate€resources€will€be€provided€to€enableÏthe€Committee€to€develop€effective€communication€and€dialogue€with€other€humanÏrights€bodies€and€to€participate€in€United€Nations€meetings€relevant€to€itsÏwork;ÌÌà2 .2à7.à .àòòInvitesóó€special€rapporteurs€of€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€and€theÏSubcommission€on€Prevention€of€Discrimination€and€Protection€of€Minorities€andÏworking€groups€established€by€the€Commission€and€the€Subcommission€to€take€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€into€consideration€within€the€framework€ofÏtheir€respective€mandates;ÌÌà2 .2à8.à .àòòWelcomesóó€the€opportunity€provided€by€its€second€session€for€starting€aÏconstructive€and€meaningful€dialogue€with€the€Special€Rapporteur€on€the€sale€ofÏchildren,€child€prostitution€and€child€pornography,€and€on€questions€of€commonÏconcern,€namely,€the€question€of€child€soldiers,€and€expresses€its€willingnessÏto€pursue€this€dialogue€at€its€future€sessions.ÌÌÌà@ì . à2.€€òòThird€session,€recommendation€3óóˆÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,€ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecognizingóó€the€importance€of€ensuring€effective€interaction€andÏcooperation€with€United€Nations€bodies€active€in€the€field€of€the€rights€of€theÏchild,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecognizing€alsoóó€the€need€to€maintain€effective€communication€andÏmeaningful€dialogue€with€the€other€human€rights€bodies€on€issues€of€commonÏinterest,ÌÌà2 .2àòòConsideringóó€the€need€for€and€the€importance€of€ensuring€its€activeÏparticipation€in€activities€taking€place€within€the€framework€of€the€UnitedÏNations€that€are€of€relevance€to€its€work,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecallingóó€the€emphasis€put€by€the€fourth€meeting€of€persons€chairing€theÏhuman€rights€treaty€bodies€on€the€promotion€of€interaction€among€treaty€bodies,ÌÌà2 .2àòòReaffirmingóó€the€decisions€and€recommendations€adopted€at€its€previousÏsessions,ÌÌà2 .2à1.à .àòòStressesóó€the€need€for€providing€the€Committee€with€adequate€resourcesÏto€enable€it€to€develop€effective€communication€and€dialogue€with€other€humanÏrights€bodies€and€to€participate€in€United€Nations€meetings€relevant€to€itsÏwork;ÌÌà2 .2à2.à .àòòReaffirmsóó€its€interest€and€willingness€to€participate€in€the€proposedÏmeeting€of€experts€on€the€application€of€international€standards€concerning€theÏhuman€rights€of€detained€juveniles,€and€recalls€the€important€frameworkÏestablished€by€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childòò1óó/€in€this€field;ÌÌà2 .2à3.à .àòòDecidesóó€to€follow€closely€the€preparatory€process€of€the€InternationalÏYear€of€the€Family€and,€within€that€framework,€to€strengthen€its€cooperationÏwith€the€Centre€for€Social€Development€and€Humanitarian€Affairs,€in€particularÏwith€a€view€to€being€associated€with€that€event€and€having€access€to€theÏrelevant€documents€and€studies;ÌÌà2 .2à4.à .àòòRequestsóó€the€Special€Rapporteur€of€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€onÏthe€situation€of€human€rights€in€the€territory€of€the€former€Yugoslavia€to€takeÏthe€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€into€full€consideration€in€theÏfulfilment€of€his€mandate€and€in€his€future€reports.ÌÌÌà@ì .ä à3.€€òòFourth€session,€recommendation€4óóˆÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌà2 .2àòòReaffirmingóó€the€importance€of€ensuring€effective€interaction€andÏcooperation€with€United€Nations€bodies€acting€in€the€field€of€the€rights€of€theÏchild,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecognizingóó€the€need€to€maintain€effective€dialogue€and€communication€withÏother€human€rights€bodies€on€common€issues€and€problems,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecallingóó€the€recommendation€of€the€World€Conference€on€Human€Rights€thatÏmatters€relating€to€human€rights€and€the€situation€of€children€be€regularlyÏreviewed€and€monitored€by€all€relevant€organs€and€mechanisms€of€the€UnitedÏNations€system,× ƒO ××  ×ÌÌà2 .2à1.à .àòòReaffirmsóó€the€need€to€provide€the€Committee€with€adequate€resources€toÏenable€it€to€develop€effective€communication€and€dialogue€with€other€humanÏrights€bodies€and€to€participate€in€United€Nations€meetings€relevant€to€itsÏwork;ÌÌà2 .2à2.à .àòòRequestsóó€the€secretariat€to€transmit€its€reports€to€the€specialÏrapporteurs€and€working€groups€established€by€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€andÏthe€Subcommission€on€Prevention€of€Discrimination€and€Protection€of€Minorities;ÌÌà2 .2à3.à .àòòInvitesóó€such€special€rapporteurs€and€working€groups€to€take€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€into€consideration€within€the€framework€ofÏtheir€respective€mandates;ÌÌà2 .2à4.à .àòòRequestsóó€the€secretariat€to€transmit€the€reports€of€the€Committee€toÏUnited€Nations€bodies€whose€activities€are€relevant€to€the€implementation€of€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€including€the€international€financialÏinstitutions;ÌÌà2 .2à5.à .àòòDecidesóó€to€follow€closely€the€developments€related€to€theÏInternational€Year€of€the€Family,€the€International€Conference€on€Population€andÏDevelopment€and€the€World€Summit€for€Social€Development;ÌÌà2 .2à6.à .àòòRecognizesóó€the€importance€of€being€associated€with€the€preparatoryÏprocess€for€the€Fourth€World€Conference€on€Women:€€Action€for€Equality,ÏDevelopment€and€Peace,€to€take€place€in€Beijing€in€1995,€and€in€this€frameworkÏdecides€to€devote€one€of€its€future€meetings€to€the€consideration€of€itsÏcontribution€to€this€event.ÌÌÌà@ì . à4.€€òòFifth€session,€recommendation€3óóˆÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌà2 .2àòòReaffirmingóó€the€importance€of€ensuring€effective€interaction€andÏcooperation€with€United€Nations€bodies€acting€in€the€field€of€the€rights€of€theÏchild,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecognizingóó€the€need€to€maintain€an€effective€dialogue€with€other€humanÏrights€bodies€on€common€issues€and€problems,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecallingóó€the€Vienna€statement€adopted€by€the€international€human€rightsÏtreaty€bodies,× ƒP ××  ×€which€stressed€the€need€to€accord€high€priority€to€effortsÏdesigned€to€promote€greater€coordination€among€the€various€international€treatyÏbodies,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecalling€alsoóó€the€recommendation€adopted€by€the€World€Conference€on€HumanÏRights€that€matters€relating€to€human€rights€and€the€situation€of€children€beÏregularly€reviewed€and€monitored€by€all€relevant€organs€and€mechanisms€of€theÏUnited€Nations€system,òò3óó/ÌÌà2 .2àòòReaffirmingóó€the€need€to€provide€the€Committee€with€adequate€resources€toÏenable€it€to€develop€effective€communication€and€dialogue€with€other€humanÏrights€bodies€and€to€participate€effectively€in€United€Nations€meetings€relevantÏto€its€work,ÌÌà2 .2à1.à .àòòDecidesóó€to€be€represented€at,€and€to€that€end€to€follow€closely,€theÏpreparatory€process€of€the€World€Summit€for€Social€Development,€to€take€place€inÏDenmark€in€March€1995,€as€well€as€of€the€Fourth€World€Conference€on€Women:€ÏAction€for€Equality,€Development€and€Peace,€to€take€place€in€Beijing€in€1995;ÌÌà2 .2à2.à .àòòAlso€decidesóó€to€be€represented€by€two€of€its€members€at€theÏInternational€Conference€on€Population€and€Development,€to€be€held€at€Cairo€inÏSeptember€1994;ÌÌà2 .2à3.à .àòòReaffirmsóó€the€fundamental€importance€it€attaches€to€its€participationÏin€the€meeting€of€experts€on€the€application€of€international€standardsÏconcerning€the€human€rights€of€detained€juveniles,€to€be€organized€at€Geneva€inÏ1994,€in€the€light€of€resolution€1993/80€of€10March1993€adopted€by€theÏCommission€on€Human€Rights,€and€recalls€in€this€regard€the€recommendationsÏformulated€by€the€Committee€in€the€framework€of€the€consideration€of€State€partyÏreports;ÌÌà2 .2à4.à .àòòDecidesóó€to€follow€closely€the€general€discussions€to€be€held€by€theÏCommittee€on€Economic,€Social€and€Cultural€Rights€in€1994€on€the€role€of€socialÏsafety€nets€as€a€means€of€protecting€economic,€social€and€cultural€rights,€withÏparticular€reference€to€situations€involving€major€structural€adjustment€and/orÏtransition€to€a€free€market€economy€and€on€human€rights€education€and€publicÏinformation,€and€stresses€the€significant€attention€it€has€given€to€these€areas,Ïnotably€in€the€framework€of€its€dialogue€with€States€parties.ÌÌÌà@ì .ÐàH.€€òòMeeting€of€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodiesˆÌÌà@ì .¬ àSecond€session,€recommendation€5óóˆÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,€ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecognizingóó€the€importance€of€contributing€to€the€fourth€meeting€of€personsÏchairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies,ÌÌà2 .2àòòBearing€in€mindóó€its€proceedings€and€decisions€on€issues€of€relevance€to€theÏagenda€of€such€a€meeting,ÌÌà2 .2àòòDecidesóó€to€bring€the€following€important€issues€to€the€attention€of€theÏfourth€meeting€of€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies:ÌÌà@ì .ºàAˆÌÌà2 .2àThe€innovative€experience€of€holding€informal€meetings€at€the€regionalÏlevel€should€be€brought€to€the€attention€of€the€fourth€meeting,€in€view€of€itsÏrelevance€as€a€means€of€promoting€greater€awareness€of€the€Convention€on€theÏRights€of€the€Childòò1óó/€and€its€system€of€implementation€and€to€provide€theÏCommittee€with€a€deeper€knowledge€and€better€understanding€of€the€realities€of€aÏregion;ÌÌà@ì .ºàBˆÌÌà2 .2àAccess€to€all€relevant€sources€of€information€pertaining€to€the€functionsÏof€the€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€is€essential.€€In€this€framework€theÏCommittee,€recognizing€the€high€priority€of€computerization€of€the€work€of€theÏtreaty-monitoring€bodies,€encourages€the€fourth€meeting€of€persons€chairing€theÏhuman€rights€treaty€bodies€to€give€particular€consideration€to€this€reality€andÏto€envisage€the€adoption€of€adequate€and€urgent€recommendations.€€The€CommitteeÏalso€decides€to€establish€a€working€group€from€among€its€members€to€consider€theÏquestion€of€the€system€of€information€and€documentation€relevant€to€its€work,Ïincluding€the€question€of€computerization,€in€cooperation€with€the€Centre€forÏHuman€Rights,€United€Nations€bodies€and€other€competent€bodies;ÌÌÇà@ì .ºàCˆÌÌà2 .2àIn€view€of€the€importance€of€disseminating€information€on€the€Convention€onÏthe€Rights€of€the€Childòò1óó/€and€its€monitoring€mechanism€in€order€to€enhanceÏimplementation€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child:ÌÌà2 .2à(a)à .àRequests€the€Secretary-General€to€make€documents€of€the€CommitteeÏclassified€in€the€general€distribution€category€freely€available,€on€a€routineÏbasis,€in€the€United€Nations€information€centres€or,€in€the€countries€where€suchÏcentres€do€not€exist,€in€the€country€offices€of€the€United€Nations€DevelopmentÏProgramme;ÌÌà2 .2à(b)à .àEncourages€the€Secretary-General€to€consider€providing€training€andÏassistance€to€the€national€institutions€acting€in€the€field€of€the€rights€of€theÏchild,€within€the€programme€of€advisory€services€and€technical€assistance;ÌÌà@ì .ºàDˆÌÌà2 .2àIn€connection€with€the€issue€of€reservations€and€declarations,€theÏCommittee€deems€it€important€to€recall€that€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€theÏChildòò1óó/€has€introduced€a€holistic€approach€to€the€rights€of€the€child,€allÏrights€being€interrelated€and€inherent€to€the€dignity€of€the€child;ÌÌà@ì .ºàEˆÌÌà2 .2àThe€Committee€recognizes€the€relevance€of€handling€the€question€ofÏreservations€and€declarations€in€the€course€of€the€dialogue€to€be€establishedÏwith€States€parties€when€considering€their€periodic€reports.ÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€I.€€òòWorld€Conference€on€Human€Rights:€€recommendation€toóóÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€òòthe€Preparatory€Committee€for€the€World€Conference€onÌóó€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€òòHumanóóòò€RightsóóÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,€ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecallingóó€its€previous€recommendations€addressed€to€the€PreparatoryÏCommittee€for€the€World€Conference€on€Human€Rights,ÌÌà2 .2àòòConsideringóó€that€the€General€Assembly€at€its€forty-seventh€session€adoptedÏthe€provisional€agenda€for€the€World€Conference€on€Human€Rights,ÌÌà2 .2àòòNotingóó€the€inclusion€in€the€provisional€agenda€of€an€item€entitledÏ"Consideration€of€contemporary€trends€in€and€new€challenges€to€the€fullÏrealization€of€all€human€rights€of€women€and€men,€including€those€of€personsÏbelonging€to€vulnerable€groups",ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecognizingóó€the€importance€of€considering€in€this€framework€the€question€ofÏthe€enjoyment€of€the€rights€of€the€child€in€a€period€of€armed€conflict,ÌÌà2 .2à1.à .àòòDesignatesóó€its€Chairperson€and€its€Rapporteur€as€its€representativesÏto€the€fourth€session€of€the€Preparatory€Committee€for€the€World€Conference;ÌÌà2 .2à2.à .àòòDecidesóó€to€recommend€to€the€Preparatory€Committee€to€address€at€itsÏfourth€session€the€issue€of€the€involvement€of€children€in€armed€conflicts.ÌÌÔ&  Ô€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€J.€€òòChildren€in€armed€conflicts:€€recommendation€toóóÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€òòthe€General€AssemblyóóÌÌÔ'  Ôà@ì . à1.€€òòThird€session,€recommendation€1óóˆÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,€ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecallingóó€that€in€accordance€with€the€provisions€of€article€45€(c)€of€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,òò1óó/€the€Committee€may€recommend€to€theÏGeneral€Assembly€to€request€the€Secretary-General€to€undertake,€on€its€behalf,Ïstudies€on€specific€issues€relating€to€the€rights€of€the€child,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecalling€alsoóó€that€at€its€second€session€the€Committee€devoted€one€day€toÏa€general€discussion€on€the€topic€"Children€in€armed€conflicts",€havingÏdiscussed€the€relevance€and€adequacy€of€existing€standards€applicable€in€theÏframework€of€children€in€armed€conflicts,€the€measures€to€ensure€effectiveÏprotection€to€children€in€situations€of€armed€conflicts€and€the€promotion€ofÏphysical€and€psychological€recovery€and€social€reintegration,ÌÌà2 .2àòòHaving€concludedóó€that€in€order€to€focus€greater€attention€on€the€seriousÏproblem€of€children€in€armed€conflicts,€a€major€study€should€be€undertaken€byÏthe€United€Nations,ÌÌà2 .2à1.à .àòòRecommendsóó€to€the€General€Assembly,€in€accordance€with€article€45€(c)Ïof€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€òò1óó/€that€it€request€theÏSecretary-General€to€undertake€a€study€on€ways€and€means€of€improving€theÏprotection€of€children€from€the€adverse€effects€of€armed€conflicts,€for€theÏpurpose€of€which€the€Secretary-General€might€wish€to€invite€the€cooperation€ofÏrelevant€specialized€agencies,€other€United€Nations€organs,€non-governmentalÏorganizations€and€the€International€Committee€of€the€Red€Cross;ÌÌà2 .2à2.à .àòòRequestsóó€the€Secretary-General€to€bring€the€present€recommendation€toÏthe€attention€of€the€General€Assembly€for€consideration€at€its€forty-eighthÏsession.ÌÌÌà@ì .ä à2.€€òòFourth€session,€recommendation€5óóˆÌÌà2 .2àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRecallingóó€its€general€discussion€on€the€topic€"Children€in€armed€conflicts"Ïand€the€recommendations€adopted€thereon,ÌÌà2 .2àòòHaving€consideredóó€the€serious€attention€paid€by€the€Commission€on€HumanÏRights€to€this€question€and€the€important€resolutions€adopted€by€the€CommissionÏin€this€field,ÌÌà2 .2àòòEncouragedóó€by€the€support€expressed€by€the€World€Conference€on€Human€RightsÏto€the€Committee's€proposal€that€the€Secretary-General€initiate€a€study€of€meansÏof€improving€the€protection€of€children€in€armed€conflicts,ÌÌà2 .2àòòTaking€noteóó€of€the€request€addressed€to€it€by€the€World€Conference€on€HumanÏRights€to€study€the€question€of€raising€the€minimum€age€of€recruitment€intoÏarmed€forces,ÌÌà2 .2àòòRequestsóó€the€Secretary-General€to€transmit€to€the€Commission€on€HumanÏRights€at€its€fiftieth€session€the€preliminary€draft€optional€protocol€that€theÏCommittee€had€prepared€on€this€issue€at€its€third€session.× ƒQ ××  ×Çà@ì .² àII.€€ORGANIZATIONAL€AND€OTHER€MATTERSˆÌÌÌà@ì .ä àA.€€òòStates€parties€to€the€ConventionóóˆÌÌ1.à2 .2àAs€at€28€January€1994,€the€closing€date€of€the€fifth€session€of€theÏCommittee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€there€were€154€States€parties€to€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child.€€The€Convention€was€adopted€by€theÏGeneral€Assembly€in€resolution€44/25€of€20November1989€and€opened€forÏsignature€and€ratification€or€accession€in€New€York€on€26January1990.€€ItÏentered€into€force€on€2September€1990,€in€accordance€with€the€provisions€of€itsÏarticle€49.€€A€list€of€States€that€have€signed,€ratified€or€acceded€to€theÏConvention€is€contained€in€annex€I€to€the€present€report.ÌÌ2.à2 .2àThe€texts€of€the€declarations,€reservations€or€objections€made€by€StatesÏparties€with€respect€to€the€Convention€are€reproduced€in€document€CRC/C/2/Rev.2.ÌÌÌà@ì .nàB.€€òòSessions€and€agendaóóˆÌÌ3.à2 .2àThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€has€held€four€sessions€since€theÏadoption€of€its€first€biennial€report.€€The€second,€third,€fourth€and€fifthÏsessions€of€the€Committee€were€held€at€the€United€Nations€Office€at€Geneva€fromÏ28September€to€9€October€1992,€from€11€to€29€January€1993,€from€20September€toÏ8October€1993€and€from€10€to€28January€1994,€respectively.ÌÌ4.à2 .2àAt€its€second€session,€the€Committee€held€19€meetings€(28th€to€46th);€atÏboth€its€third€and€fourth€sessions,€it€held€27€meetings€(47th€to€74th€and€75thÏto€104th);€at€its€fifth€session,€it€held€26€meetings€(105th€to€130th).€€TheÏreports€of€the€Committee€on€its€second,€third,€fourth€and€fifth€sessions€areÏcontained€in€documents€CRC/C/10,€CRC/C/16,€CRC/C/20€and€CRC/C/24€respectively.€ÏAn€account€of€the€deliberations€of€the€Committee€at€its€second,€third,€fourthÏand€fifth€sessions€is€contained€in€the€relevant€summary€recordsÏ(CRC/C/SR.28-130).€€The€agendas€of€the€sessions€are€shown€in€annexII€to€theÏpresent€report.€ÌÌÌà@ì .BàC.€€òòMembership€and€attendanceóóˆÌÌ5.à2 .2àBy€letter€dated€1€October€1991,€Mrs.MariaFtimaBorgesdeOmena€informedÏthe€Committee€of€her€decision€to€cease€to€function€as€a€member€of€the€Committee,Ïin€accordance€with€article43,€paragraph7,€of€the€Convention€and€rule14€of€theÏCommittee's€provisional€rules€of€procedure.€€The€letter€of€resignation€wasÏtransmitted€to€the€Secretary„General€by€the€Permanent€Representative€of€BrazilÏto€the€United€Nations€under€cover€of€a€note€dated€17December1991.€€By€a€notedÏdated€4March€1992,€the€Secretary„General€invited€the€Government€of€Brazil€toÏappoint€another€expert€from€among€its€nationals€to€serve€for€the€remainder€ofÏMrs.€Borges€de€Omena's€term.€€Pursuant€to€the€provisions€of€article43,Ïparagraph7,€of€the€Convention,€the€Government€of€Brazil,€by€note€verbale€datedÏ30€April€1992,€informed€the€Secretary„General€of€the€appointment€of€Mr.€AntonioÏCarlos€Gomes€da€Costa€as€a€member€of€the€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€ChildÏfor€the€remainder€of€the€said€term.€€At€its€28thmeeting,€held€onÏ28September1992,€the€Committee,€in€accordance€with€rule14€of€its€provisionalÏrules€of€procedure,€approved€the€appointment€of€Mr.Gomes€daCosta€by€secretÏballot.€€€ÌÌ6.à2 .2àIn€accordance€with€article€43€of€the€Convention,€the€Third€Meeting€of€theÏStates€Parties€to€the€Convention€was€convened€on€23February1993€at€UnitedÏNations€Headquarters.€€The€following€five€members€of€the€Committee€were€electedÏfor€a€term€of€four€years€beginning€on€28February1993:€€Mrs.€Hoda€Badran,ÏMrs.Flora€Corpuz€Eufemio,€Mr.€Swithun€Tachiona€Mombershora,ÏMrs.MartaSantosPais€and€Mrs.€Marilia€Sardenberg€Zelner€Gon alves.€€The€listÏof€the€members€of€the€Committee,€together€with€an€indication€of€the€duration€ofÏtheir€term€of€office,€appears€in€annex€III€to€the€present€report.€€ÌÌ7.à2 .2àAll€the€members€attended€the€second€session€of€the€Committee.€€The€thirdÏsession€was€attended€by€all€the€members€except€Mrs.€Akila€Belembaogo.€€All€theÏmembers€attended€the€fourth€and€fifth€sessions€of€the€Committee.ÌÌÌà@ì .<àD.€€òòElection€of€officersóóˆÌÌ8.à2 .2àThe€officers€elected€by€the€Committee€at€its€first€session€continued€toÏhold€office€at€the€second€and€third€sessions.€€They€were€Mrs.HodaBadranÏ(Egypt),€Chairperson;€Mr.€Luis€A.€Bambaran€Gastelumendi€(Peru),ÏMrs.FloraC.Eufemio€(Philippines)€and€Mr.€Youri€Kolosov€(Russian€Federation),ÏVice„Chairpersons;€and€Mrs.€Marta€Santos€Pais€(Portugal),€Rapporteur.ÌÌ9.à2 .2àAt€its€75th€meeting,€held€on€20€September€1993,€the€Committee€elected€theÏfollowing€officers€for€a€term€of€two€years€in€accordance€with€rule€16€of€itsÏprovisional€rules€of€procedure:ÌÌà2 .2àòòChairpersonóó:€€Mrs.€Hoda€BadranÌÌà2 .2àòòVice„Chairpersonsóó:€€Mrs.€Akila€BelembaogoÌà2 .2à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Mr.€Thomas€HammarbergÌà2 .2à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ms.€Sandra€Prunella€MasonÌà2 .2àòòRapporteuróó:€€€€€€€€€Mrs.€Marta€Santos€PaisÌÌÌà@ì ." àE.€€òòOrganization€of€the€work€of€the€CommitteeóóˆÌÌ10.à2 .2àThe€Committee€gave€consideration,€at€its€different€sessions€held€during€theÏreporting€period,€to€the€possible€ways€of€organizing€its€future€work.€€At€theÏsecond€session,€the€necessity€of€adopting€adequate€measures€to€enable€theÏCommittee€to€deal€with€its€heavy€workload€was€stressed.€€Members€of€theÏCommittee€expressed€the€hope€that€this€would€receive€due€consideration€duringÏthe€Second€Meeting€of€the€States€Parties€to€the€Convention,€scheduled€to€be€heldÏon€11November1992,€in€order€to€determine€the€duration€of€the€future€sessionsÏof€the€Committee.€€At€its€third€session,€the€Committee€welcomed€the€adoption€byÏthe€General€Assembly€of€a€resolution€approving€the€organization€of€two€sessionsÏper€year,€each€of€up€to€three€weeks'€duration,€and€the€establishment€of€aÏpre-sessional€working€group,€while€at€the€same€time€expressing€concern€that€inÏview€of€the€number€of€States€parties€to€the€Convention€and€the€number€of€reportsÏto€be€submitted€under€article44€of€the€Convention,€further€measures€would€soonÏbe€needed€(see€CRC/C/16,€annex€VIII).€€At€its€fourth€session,€the€Committee,Ïrecognizing€the€need€to€adopt€urgent€and€adequate€solutions€to€deal€with€theÏsituation,€decided€to€convene€a€special€session€of€the€Committee€in€1994,Ïpreceded€by€a€meeting€of€the€working€group€(see€chap.I,€fourth€session,Ïrecommendation1).€€At€its€fifth€session,€the€Committee€decided€to€request€theÏGeneral€Assembly€to€authorize€the€Secretary„General€to€schedule€three€regularÏsessions€annually€as€from€1995€(see€chap.I,€fifth€session,€recommendation€1).ÌÔ&  Ôà@ì .Þ àF.€€òòPre„sessional€working€groupóóˆÌÌ11.à2 .2àAt€its€second€session,€the€Committee€agreed€that€State€party€reports€wouldÏÔ'  Ôbe€reviewed€primarily€in€a€pre„sessional€working€group,€to€be€held€approximatelyÏtwo€months€to€six€weeks€prior€to€the€convening€of€each€session,€where€the€mainÏquestions€that€would€need€to€be€discussed€further€with€representatives€of€theÏreporting€States€would€be€identified.ÌÌ12.à2 .2àA€pre„sessional€working€group€of€the€whole€met€at€Geneva€from€14€toÏ18December1993€to€consider€lists€of€issues€concerning€initial€reportsÏscheduled€for€consideration€at€the€Committee's€third€session.€€The€pre„sessionalÏworking€group€of€the€fourth€session€was€composed€of€Mr.€Kolosov,€Ms.Mason,ÏMr.Hammarberg€and€Mr.Mombeshora;€it€met€at€the€United€Nations€Office€at€GenevaÏfrom€28€June€to€2€July€1993€and€elected€Mr.€Kolosov€as€its€Chairman.€€TheÏpre-sessional€working€group€of€the€fifth€session€met€at€the€United€NationsÏOffice€at€Geneva€from€15€to€19November1993;€all€members€exceptÏMrs.SardenbergZelner€Gon alves€attended€the€working€group.ÌÌ13.à2 .2àThe€lists€of€issues€drawn€up€and€finalized€during€the€working€sessions€wereÏtransmitted€directly€to€the€permanent€missions€of€the€States€concerned€with€aÏnote€that€stated,€òòinter€aliaóó,€the€following:ÌÌà02 .2à"The€list€is€not€intended€to€be€exhaustive€and€it€should€not€be€interpretedÏas€limiting€or€in€any€other€way€prejudging€the€type€and€range€of€questionsÏwhich€members€of€the€Committee€might€wish€to€pose.€€However,€the€workingÏgroup€believes€that€the€constructive€dialogue€which€the€Committee€wishes€toÏhave€with€the€representatives€of€the€reporting€States€can€be€facilitated€byÏmaking€the€list€and€written€answers€to€it€available€in€advance€of€theÏCommittee's€session."ÌÌ14.à2 .2àAt€the€pre„sessional€working€group€to€the€fifth€session,€held€inÏNovember1993,€the€Committee€decided€that€it€should€establish,€wheneverÏpossible,€informal€contacts€with€permanent€missions€of€the€States€whose€reportsÏwere€scheduled€for€consideration€at€the€forthcoming€sessions€in€order€to€informÏthem€of€the€procedure€followed€by€the€Committee€for€the€consideration€of€reportsÏand€clarify€the€purposes€of€the€dialogue€it€intends€to€conduct€with€theÏrepresentatives€of€the€States€parties.ÌÌÌà@ì .ØàG.€€òòAdoption€of€the€reportóóˆÌÌ15.à2 .2àAt€its€130th€meeting,€held€on€28January1994,€the€Committee€considered€theÏdraft€of€its€second€biennial€report,€covering€its€activities€at€the€second,Ïthird,€fourth€and€fifth€sessions,€held€in€1992,€1993€and€1994.€€The€report€wasÏadopted€unanimously€by€the€Committee.ÌÌÌÇà@ì .àIII.€€REPORTS€BY€STATES€PARTIES€UNDER€ARTICLE€44€OF€THE€CONVENTIONˆÌÌÌà@ì . àA.€€òòSubmission€of€reportsóóˆÌÌ16.à2 .2àStates€parties€have€undertaken€to€submit€reports€in€accordance€withÏarticle44€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€within€two€years€of€theÏentry€into€force€of€the€Convention€for€the€States€parties€concerned€andÏthereafter€every€five€years.€€In€order€to€assist€States€parties€in€submittingÏthe€reports€required€under€article44,€paragraph€1€(a)€of€the€Convention,€theÏCommittee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€at€its€first€session,€adopted€generalÏguidelines€regarding€the€form€and€contents€of€initial€reports.€€ÌÌ17.à2 .2àAt€each€of€its€sessions€during€the€reporting€period,€the€Committee€wasÏinformed€of€and€considered€the€status€of€the€submission€of€reports.€€The€statusÏof€submission€of€reports€by€States€parties€under€article44€of€the€Convention€asÏat€28January1994,€the€closing€date€of€the€fifth€session€of€the€Committee,Ïappears€in€annex€IV€to€the€present€report.ÌÌ18.à2 .2àThe€action€taken,€information€received€and€relevant€issues€placed€beforeÏthe€Committee€during€the€reporting€period€(second€to€fifth€sessions)€areÏsummarized€in€paragraphs€19€to€26€below.ÌÌòòSecond€sessionóóÌÌ19.à2 .2àIn€connection€with€this€item,€the€Committee€had€before€it€the€followingÏdocuments:€€note€by€the€Secretary„General€on€initial€reports€by€States€partiesÏdue€in€1992€(CRC/C/3);€and€note€by€the€Secretary„General€on€initial€reports€byÏStates€parties€due€in€1993€(CRC/C/8).ÌÌ20.à2 .2àThe€Committee€welcomed€the€fact€that€some€reports€had€already€beenÏsubmitted€by€States€parties;€this€showed€a€political€willingness€to€establish€aÏmeaningful€dialogue€with€the€Committee.ÌÌ21.à2 .2àThe€Committee€emphasized€the€importance€it€attached€to€the€timelyÏsubmission€of€State€party€reports€in€accordance€with€article€44€of€theÏConvention.ÌÌ22.à2 .2àThe€Committee€was€encouraged€by€the€fact€that€an€unprecedented€number€ofÏStates€had€ratified€or€acceded€to€the€Convention€and€that€the€general€guidelinesÏregarding€the€form€and€content€of€initial€reports€(CRC/C/5),€as€well€as€theÏconsolidated€guidelines€on€the€"core€document"€on€information€of€a€generalÏcharacter€(HRI/CORE/1),€had€been€sent€to€those€States.€€The€Committee€reiteratedÏthe€need€to€encourage€States€parties€to€prepare€their€initial€reports€on€aÏtimely€basis€and€following€the€adopted€guidelines.€€It€recalled€that€the€processÏof€reporting€should€be€an€important€occasion€for€conducting€a€comprehensiveÏreview€of€the€various€measures€undertaken€for€monitoring€progress€made€in€theÏenjoyment€of€the€rights€set€forth€in€the€Convention,€and€that€this€processÏshould€encourage€and€facilitate€popular€participation€and€public€scrutiny€ofÏgovernment€policies.ÌÌ23.à2 .2àIt€was€recalled€that,€in€accordance€with€rule€67€of€its€provisional€rulesÏof€procedure,€the€Committee€shall,€in€the€case€of€non„submission€of€reports,Ïtransmit€to€the€States€parties€concerned€a€reminder€about€the€submission€of€suchÏreports.€€The€secretariat€was€requested€to€remind€permanent€missions€of€StatesÏparties€whose€reports€had€become€due€during€the€current€session€but€had€not€beenÏsubmitted€in€time,€of€their€reporting€obligations€under€the€Convention.̇òòThird€sessionóóÌÌ24.à2 .2àThe€Committee€had€before€it€the€following€documents:€€notes€by€theÏSecretary„General€on€initial€reports€by€States€parties€due€in€1992€(CRC/C/3),Ï1993€(CRC/C/8/Rev.1)€and€1994€(CRC/C/11);€and€a€note€by€the€Secretary„General€onÏthe€States€parties€to€the€Convention€and€the€status€of€submission€of€reportsÏ(CRC/C/12).€€The€Committee€was€informed€that,€in€addition€to€the€seven€reportsÏthat€were€scheduled€for€consideration€by€the€Committee€at€that€session,€theÏSecretary„General€had€received€the€initial€reports€of€Costa€RicaÏ(CRC/C/3/Add.8),€ElSalvador€(CRC/C/3/Add.9),€Indonesia€(CRC/C/3/Add.10),€MexicoÏ(CRC/C/3/Add.11),€Namibia€(CRC/C/3/Add.12),€Pakistan€(CRC/C/3/Add.13)€and€PeruÏ(CRC/C/3/Add.7).€€€ÌÌòòFourth€sessionóóÌÌ25.à2 .2àIn€connection€with€this€item,€the€Committee€had€before€it€the€followingÏdocuments:€€notes€by€the€Secretary„General€on€initial€reports€by€States€partiesÏdue€in€1992€(CRC/C/3),€1993€(CRC/C/8/Rev.2)€and€1994€(CRC/C/11/Rev.2);€and€aÏnote€by€the€Secretary„General€on€the€States€parties€to€the€Convention€and€theÏstatus€of€submission€of€reports€(CRC/C/18).€€The€Committee€was€informed€that,€inÏaddition€to€the€six€reports€that€were€scheduled€for€consideration€by€theÏCommittee€at€that€session,€the€Secretary„General€had€received€the€initialÏreports€of€Argentina€(CRC/C/8/Add.2),€Belarus€(CRC/C/3/Add.14),€Burkina€FasoÏ(CRC/C/3/Add.19),€Chile€(CRC/C/3/Add.18),€Colombia€(CRC/C/8/Add.3),€the€CzechÏRepublic€(CRC/C/11/Add.1),€Denmark€(CRC/C/8/Add.8),€France€(CRC/C/3/Add.15),ÏHonduras€(CRC/C/3/Add.17),€Jordan€(CRC/C/8/Add.4),€Madagascar€(CRC/C/8/Add.5),ÏMyanmar€(CRC/C/8/Add.9),€Norway€(CRC/C/8/Add.7),€Paraguay€(CRC/C/3/Add.22),ÏPhilippines€(CRC/C/3/Add.23),€Romania€(CRC/C/3/Add.16)€and€SpainÏ(CRC/C/8/Add.6).ÌÌòòFifth€sessionóóÌÌ26.à2 .2àIn€connection€with€this€item,€the€Committee€had€before€it€the€followingÏdocuments:€€notes€by€the€Secretary„General€on€initial€reports€by€States€partiesÏdue€in€1992€(CRC/C/3),€1993€(CRC/C/8/Rev.2)€and€1994€(CRC/C/11/Rev.3);€a€note€byÏthe€Secretary„General€on€the€States€parties€to€the€Convention€and€the€status€ofÏsubmission€of€reports€(CRC/C/22);€and€a€note€by€the€Secretary„General€on€theÏstatus€of€consideration€of€reports€(CRC/C/23).€€The€Committee€was€informed€that,Ïin€addition€to€the€reports€that€were€scheduled€for€consideration€by€theÏCommittee€at€its€present€session€and€those€which€had€been€received€prior€to€theÏCommittee's€fourth€session,€the€Committee€had€received€the€initial€reports€ofÏJamaica€(CRC/C/8/Add.12),€Nicaragua€(CRC/C/3/Add.25),€Poland€(CRC/C/8/Add.11)Ïand€Ukraine€(CRC/C/8/Add.10),€as€well€as€additional€information€submitted€byÏIndonesia€(CRC/C/3/Add.26)€and€Peru€(CRC/C/3/Add.24)€following€the€requests€madeÏby€the€Committee€in€the€course€of€its€consideration€of€the€initial€reports€ofÏthose€countries€(see€CRC/C/20,€paras.€54€and€68).ÌÌÌà@ì .tàB.€€òòConsideration€of€reportsóóˆÌÌ27.à2 .2àDuring€its€third,€fourth€and€fifth€sessions,€the€Committee€considered€theÏinitial€reports€of€Belarus,€Bolivia,€Colombia,€Costa€Rica,€El€Salvador,€Egypt,ÏIndonesia,€Mexico,€Namibia,€Peru,€Romania,€the€Russian€Federation,€Rwanda,€theÏSudan,€Sweden€and€Viet€Nam.ÌÌ28.à2 .2àIn€accordance€with€rule€68€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure€of€theÏCommittee,€representatives€of€all€the€reporting€States€were€invited€to€attend€the€meetings€of€the€Committee€when€their€reports€were€examined.€€All€the€StatesÏparties€whose€reports€were€considered€by€the€Committee€sent€representatives€toÏparticipate€in€the€examination€of€their€respective€reports.ÌÌ29.à2 .2àThe€following€section,€arranged€on€a€country„by„country€basis€according€toÏthe€sequence€followed€by€the€Committee€in€its€consideration€of€reports€at€itsÏsecond,€third,€fourth€and€fifth€sessions,€contains€preliminary€and/or€concludingÏobservations€reflecting€the€main€points€of€the€discussion€and€indicating,€whereÏnecessary,€issues€that€would€require€a€specific€follow„up.ÌÌ30.à2 .2àMore€detailed€information€is€contained€in€the€reports€submitted€by€theÏStates€parties€and€in€the€summary€records€of€the€relevant€meetings€of€theÏCommittee.ÌÌÌà@ì .² à1.€€òòConcluding€observations:€€BoliviaóóˆÌÌ31.à2 .2àThe€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Bolivia€(CRC/C/3/Add.2)€atÏits€52nd,€53rd€and€54th€meetings€(CRC/C/SR.52€to€54),€held€on€14€andÏ15January1993,€and€adopted,€at€its€65th€meeting,€on€22€January€1993,€theÏfollowing€concluding€observations.ÌÌ(a)à2 .2àòòIntroductionóóÌÌ32.à2 .2àThe€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€the€timely€submission€of€the€initialÏreport€of€Bolivia,€which€was€one€of€the€first€States€to€become€a€party€to€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child.€€Although€the€report€contained€valuableÏinformation€on€the€legislative€framework€for€the€application€of€the€Convention,Ïthe€dialogue€gave€way€to€a€request€for€further€information€on€how€the€laws€areÏapplied€in€actual€practice€and€what€mechanisms€exist€to€evaluate€the€resultsÏthat€have€been€achieved.ÌÌ33.à2 .2àThe€Committee€attaches€great€importance€to€the€opportunity,€afforded€by€theÏconsideration€of€a€State€party's€report,€to€undertake€a€constructive€dialogueÏwith€that€State€party€on€the€implementation€of€the€Convention.€€In€this€regard,Ïthe€Committee€expresses€its€appreciation€to€the€delegation€of€Bolivia€forÏfacilitating€a€useful€and€frank€discussion€and€for€providing€further€informationÏto€the€Committee€to€enable€it€to€obtain€a€more€comprehensive€view€of€theÏapplication€of€the€Convention€in€Bolivia.€€The€Committee€takes€note€of€theÏstatement€made€by€the€delegation€regretting€that€it€had€not€been€possible€toÏinclude€high-level€representatives€from€the€ministries€concerned€with€the€actualÏimplementation€of€the€Convention€who€could€have€benefited€from€direct€dialogueÏwith€the€Committee.ÌÌ(b)à2 .2àòòPositive€aspectsóóÌÌ34.à2 .2àThe€Committee€welcomes€the€recent€adoption€and€entry€into€force€of€the€newÏjuvenile€code,€which€represents€significant€progress€towards€harmonizingÏlegislation€and€policy€with€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€and€therebyÏprovides€a€legal€framework€for€its€implementation.€€The€Committee€notes€withÏsatisfaction€the€process€of€the€preparation€of€the€reports,€the€involvement€ofÏthe€judiciary,€as€well€as€the€steps€taken€to€provide€for€the€participation€ofÏnon-governmental€organizations€in€the€preparation€of€the€relevant€legislationÏand€the€formulation€of€public€policy€on€children,€thereby€broadening€popularÏparticipation€in€the€implementation€process.€€In€this€connection,€it€is€alsoÏimportant€to€note€that€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€may€be€invoked€in€aÏcourt€of€law€in€Bolivia.̇(c)à2 .2àòòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóÌÌ35.à2 .2àThe€Committee€notes€that€economic€factors,€including€a€high€level€ofÏexternal€debt,€have€made€the€full€application€of€the€Convention€more€difficult.€ÏIn€this€respect,€the€Committee€notes€with€concern€that€the€long-termÏconsiderations€embodied€in€many€structural€adjustment€policies€have€notÏadequately€taken€into€account€the€needs€of€today's€children.€€While€the€State€isÏresponsible€for€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,Ïthe€Committee€recognizes€that€additional€international€assistance€will€be€neededÏto€address€more€effectively€the€challenge€of€improving€the€situation€of€childrenÏliving€in€poverty,€particularly€those€from€the€rural€areas€of€the€country.ÌÌ36.à2 .2àThe€Committee€also€recognizes€that,€since€the€new€juvenile€code€was€adoptedÏonly€recently,€there€has€not€been€sufficient€time€to€implement€it€fully€or€toÏevaluate€its€effectiveness.ÌÌ(d)à2 .2àòòPrincipal€subjects€of€concernóóÌÌ37.à2 .2àThe€Committee€expresses€its€concern€that€the€stringent€budgetary€measuresÏhave€had€high€social€costs€and€have€adversely€affected€the€rights€of€the€childÏin€Bolivia.€€The€Committee,€while€welcoming€the€adoption€of€the€Ten-Year€Plan€ofÏAction€for€the€Bolivian€Child,€which€is€aimed€at€redressing€in€favour€ofÏchildren€some€of€the€present€imbalances,€emphasizes€the€need€to€elaborate€aÏcomprehensive€strategy€for€implementing€the€Convention€and€to€develop€anÏeffective€monitoring€mechanism€for€evaluating€the€progress€achieved€and€theÏdifficulties€encountered.€€At€present,€it€is€unclear€as€to€how€non-governmentalÏorganizations€and€the€general€public€are€to€be€involved€in€monitoring€andÏevaluating€the€application€of€the€Convention.ÌÌ38.à2 .2àThe€Committee€is€concerned€that€the€definition€of€the€child€contained€inÏthe€juvenile€code€does€not€comply€with€the€requirements€of€article€1€of€theÏConvention.ÌÌ39.à2 .2àThe€Committee€underlines€the€importance€of€implementing€all€of€theÏprovisions€of€the€Convention€in€the€light€of€the€general€principles€contained€inÏarticles€2,€3,€6€and€12€of€the€Convention.€€In€this€regard,€the€Committee€notesÏwith€concern€the€disparities€in€the€status€and€treatment€of€children€in€BoliviaÏconforming€to€distinctions€based€on€race,€sex,€language€and€ethnic€or€socialÏorigin.€€Vulnerable€groups€of€children,€including€girl€children,€Ìindigenous€children€and€children€living€in€poverty,€are€particularlyÏdisadvantaged€in€their€access€to€adequate€health€and€educational€facilities€andÏare€the€primary€victims€of€such€abuses€as€sale€and€trafficking,€child€labour€andÏsexual€and€other€forms€of€exploitation.€€The€diminished€level€of€protection€forÏgirl€children€inherent€in€the€lower€minimum€age€for€marriage€is€discriminatoryÏand,€as€a€result,€deprives€this€group€of€children€of€the€benefit€of€otherÏprotections€afforded€by€the€Convention.ÌÌ40.à2 .2àThe€Committee€is€concerned€that€only€47€per€cent€of€births€are€supervisedÏby€qualified€health€care€workers,€and€is€alarmed€at€the€implications€this€mayÏhave€for€increased€likelihood€of€sickness€and€disability€arising€fromÏpreventable€problems€occurring€during€delivery.€€More€budgetary€support€isÏneeded€to€correct€this€situation,€as€well€as€sufficient€support€to€programmesÏbenefiting€the€mental€and€physical€development€of€children.€€With€respect€toÏeducation,€the€Committee€notes€with€concern€that€vulnerable€groups€of€children,Ïsuch€as€girl€children,€indigenous€children€and€children€living€in€rural€areas,Ïare€over-represented€in€the€number€of€children€not€enrolled€in€school.ÌÌ41.à2 .2àWith€regard€to€articles€37€and€40,€the€Committee€is€concerned€that€thereÏare€not€adequate€safeguards€to€ensure€non-discrimination€in€the€implementationÏof€these€provisions€of€the€Convention.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€about€theÏpresent€discretionary€procedure€of€considering€the€"personality"€of€the€child€asÏa€criteria€for€passing€sentences.€€This€practice,€in€its€actual€application,€mayÏoften€be€discriminatory€against€children€living€in€poverty.€€The€Committee€isÏalso€concerned€that€there€is€inadequate€separation€of€children€from€adults€inÏdetention€and€that€a€child€may€remain€in€custody€for€the€excessively€long€periodÏof€45€days€before€the€legality€of€his€or€her€detention€is€decided€upon.€€The€ageÏfor€legal€counselling€without€parental€consent€is€unclear€and€practices€in€thisÏregard€may€not€be€in€conformity€with€article€37€(d)€of€the€Convention.ÌÌ42.à2 .2àThe€Committee€expresses€most€particular€concern€for€children€who€work€orÏlive€in€the€street€in€order€to€survive€and€who€require€special€attention€becauseÏof€the€risks€they€are€exposed€to.ÌÌ(e)à2 .2àòòSuggestions€and€recommendationsóóÌÌ43.à2 .2àThe€Committee€recommends€that€the€necessary€changes€be€made€in€the€juvenileÏcode€to€ensure€that€it€is€in€full€conformity€with€the€requirements€of€theÏConvention,€particularly€with€respect€to€the€definition€of€the€legislativeÏframework€and€evaluating€its€effect€on€children,€especially€those€fromÏvulnerable€groups.€€In€this€connection,€the€impact€of€the€Ten-Year€Plan€ofÏAction€for€the€Bolivian€Child€should€also€be€actively€monitored€and€statisticalÏand€other€indicators€necessary€for€evaluating€the€progress€achieved€should€beÏincluded€in€the€second€periodic€report€of€the€State€party.€€The€CommitteeÏpositively€notes€the€statement€made€by€the€delegation€indicating€its€commitmentÏto€send€to€the€Committee€in€the€near€future€further€information€on€indicators,Ïin€particular€in€the€field€of€health,€education,€children€in€conflict€with€theÏlaw,€disabled€children€or€abandoned€children.ÌÌ44.à2 .2àThe€Committee€emphasizes€that€the€principle€of€non-discrimination,€asÏprovided€for€under€article€2€of€the€Convention,€must€be€vigorously€applied,€andÏthat€a€more€active€approach€should€be€taken€to€eliminate€discrimination€againstÏcertain€groups€of€children,€most€notably€girl€children.€€In€this€connection,€theÏCommittee€notes€that€the€application€of€this€and€the€other€general€principles€ofÏthe€Convention€cannot€be€dependent€upon€budgetary€resources.€€With€regard€toÏbudgetary€priorities€in€the€allocation€of€available€resources,€the€State€partyÏshould€be€guided€by€the€principle€of€the€best€interests€of€the€child,€asÏprovided€for€in€article€3€of€the€Convention,€particularly€as€this€applies€to€theÏmost€vulnerable€groups€of€children,€such€as€girl€children,€indigenous€childrenÏand€children€living€in€poverty,€including€abandoned€children.ÌÌ45.à2 .2àThe€Committee€encourages€the€Government€of€Bolivia€to€consider€theÏpossibility€of€acceding€to€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,ÏInhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment.ÌÌ46.à2 .2àThe€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€undertake€to€ensure€thatÏadequate€protection€is€afforded€to€economically€and€socially€disadvantagedÏchildren€in€conflict€with€the€law€and€that€alternatives€to€institutional€careÏare€available,€as€provided€for€under€article€40,€paragraphs€3€and€4,€of€theÏConvention.ÌÌ47.à2 .2àThe€Committee€underlines€that€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€should€beÏwidely€publicized€among€the€general€public€and,€in€particular,€among€judges,Ïlawyers,€teachers€and€members€of€other€professions€working€with€children€orÏwhich€are€concerned€with€the€implementation€of€the€Convention.€€Particularly€important€in€this€regard€is€the€training€of€police€and€the€staff€in€correctionalÏfacilities.€€Such€initiatives€could€be€effectively€undertaken€in€cooperationÏwith€non-governmental€organizations.ÌÌ48.€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€should€beÏmore€readily€available€in€local€languages.€€Steps€should€be€taken€to€encourageÏgrass„roots€support€for€the€rights€of€the€child€and€to€use€the€Convention€as€aÏtool€to€stimulate€popular€volunteer€programmes,€as€a€way€of€supplementingÏbudgetary€resources€available€for€the€benefit€of€children.ÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€2.€€òòConcluding€observations:€€SwedenóóÌÌ49.à2 .2àThe€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Sweden€(CRC/C/3/Add.1)€atÏits€56th,€57th€and€58th€meetings€(CRC/C/SR.56„58),€held€on€18€andÏ19January1993,€and€adopted,€at€its€73rd€meeting,€on€28€January€1993,€theÏfollowing€concluding€observations.ÌÌ(a)à2 .2àòòIntroductionóóÌÌ50.à2 .2àThe€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€that€Sweden€has€undertaken€theÏnecessary€steps€for€the€swift€ratification€of€the€Convention€and€was€the€firstÏState€to€fulfil€its€reporting€obligations.€€Its€report€is€very€comprehensive€andÏfollows€closely€the€Committee's€guidelines,€although€more€information€is€neededÏon€the€situation€of€vulnerable€groups,€particularly€minority€children,€includingÏindigenous€children,€and€neglected€children€in€the€major€city€areas.ÌÌ51.à2 .2àThe€Committee€expresses€its€appreciation€for€the€additional€informationÏprovided€by€the€delegation€that€was€sent€to€present€the€report€of€Sweden€to€theÏCommittee.€€In€this€regard,€the€presence€of€a€high-level€delegation€enabled€aÏconstructive€dialogue€to€take€place€between€the€Committee€and€officials€fromÏthose€ministries€directly€responsible€for€the€implementation€of€the€Convention.ÌÌ(b)à2 .2àòòPositive€aspectsóóÌÌ52.à2 .2àThe€Committee€welcomes€the€Government's€awareness€of€the€need€to€take€anÏactive€approach€to€implementing€the€Convention,€disseminating€information€on€itÏand€seeking€ways€to€further€improve€the€status€of€children€in€Sweden.€€In€Ìthis€regard,€the€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€that€laws€have€been€enactedÏand€administrative€measures€proposed€to€harmonize€the€legal€framework€for€theÏprotection€of€children's€rights€with€the€requirements€of€the€Convention.€€TheÏrelevant€legislation€generally€reflects€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€as€wellÏas€the€general€principles€which€serve€to€guide€its€implementation.€€ParticularlyÏnoteworthy€is€the€Government's€spirit€of€dialogue€with€non-governmentalÏorganizations,€especially€in€regard€to€publicizing€the€Convention€and€promotingÏawareness€among€the€general€public.ÌÌ53.à2 .2àThe€Committee€expresses€its€appreciation€for€the€significant€contributionÏof€the€Swedish€Government€and€the€Swedish€non-governmental€organizations€toÏimproving€the€situation€of€children€world€wide.€€The€prominence€given€by€theÏState€party€to€furthering€the€rights€of€the€child€through€internationalÏcooperation€and€assistance€directly€benefiting€children€follows€the€spirit€ofÏarticle€4€of€the€Convention€and€can€serve€as€a€useful€guide€for€other€StatesÏparties.ÌÌ54.à2 .2àThe€Committee€notes€that€the€competent€Swedish€authorities€are€consideringÏthe€possibility€of€ratifying€the€International€Convention€on€the€Protection€ofÏthe€Rights€of€All€Migrant€Workers€and€Members€of€Their€Families.ÌÌ(c)à2 .2àòòPrincipal€subjects€of€concernóóÌÌ55.à2 .2àThe€Committee€notes€the€fact€that€the€law€does€not€provide€for€protectionÏagainst€all€the€various€forms€of€discrimination€enumerated€in€article€2€of€theÏConvention.€€As€a€result,€it€is€unclear€whether€the€law€prohibits€discriminationÏon€the€basis€of€the€child's€or€his€or€her€parents'€or€legal€guardian's€language,Ïreligion,€political€or€other€opinion,€social€origin,€property,€disability,€birthÏor€other€status.ÌÌ56.à2 .2àThe€Committee€expresses€its€concern€over€the€lack€of€clarity€and€apparentÏdiscrepancies€contained€in€the€law€with€regard€to€the€definition€of€the€child.€ÏThe€Committee€notes€that€although€persons€under€18€in€Sweden€do€not€enjoy€fullÏlegal€capacity€they€may€be€subjected€to€military€service€and€that€a€person€agedÏ15€or€over€can€be€accepted€in€the€Home€Guard€Defence.€€The€Committee€alsoÏexpresses€its€concern€at€the€fact€that€the€age€of€sexual€maturity€has€not€beenÏfixed,€which€threatens€the€protection€of€children€from€possible€exploitation€inÏthe€use€of€pornographic€materials.ÌÌ57.à2 .2àThe€Committee€is€concerned€that€the€Government€does€not€ensure€thatÏchildren€in€detention€are€separated€from€adults.€€The€Committee€is€alsoÏconcerned€by€the€practice€of€taking€foreign€children€into€custody€under€the€ÌAliens€Act€and€notes€that€this€practice€is€discriminatory€in€so€far€as€SwedishÏchildren€generally€cannot€be€placed€in€custody€until€after€the€age€of€18.€ÏLikewise,€there€seems€to€be€a€lack€of€information€on€children€who€are€victims€ofÏsexual€exploitation,€including€incest.ÌÌ(d)à2 .2àòòSuggestions€and€recommendationsóóÌÌ58.à2 .2àWith€regard€to€general€measures€of€implementation,€the€Committee€recommendsÏthat€careful€attention€be€given€to€setting€up€the€monitoring€mechanism€andÏindicators€for€measuring€the€progress€made€in€the€implementation€of€theÏlegislative€and€other€measures€to€protect€the€rights€of€the€child.€€TheÏCommittee€underlines€that€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€should€be€carriedÏout€in€close€cooperation€with€local€authorities€in€order€to€ensure€an€approachÏwhich€is€effective€and€consistent€with€the€provisions€and€general€principles€ofÏthe€Convention.€€In€this€connection,€the€Government€should€ensure€that€spendingÏcuts€carried€out€by€municipalities€are€effected€with€due€regard€for€the€bestÏinterests€of€children,€particularly€those€from€the€most€vulnerable€groups.€€ToÏenhance€the€effective€implementation€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€suggestsÏthat€the€State€party€consider€closer€coordination€with€non-governmentalÏorganizations€at€the€policy-making€level;€incorporating€the€provisions€of€theÏConvention€directly€into€domestic€law;€and€further€strengthening€internationalÏcooperation€and€assistance,€particularly€for€the€benefit€of€vulnerable€groupsÏsuch€as€disabled€children€and€children€needing€special€protection.ÌÌ59.à2 .2àWith€respect€to€the€definition€of€the€child,€the€Committee€recommends€thatÏthe€State€party€consider€an€approach€which€is€more€coherent€and€more€closelyÏreflects€the€general€principles€and€the€provisions€of€the€Convention.€€InÏrecognition€of€the€spirit€of€article€38€of€the€Convention,€steps€might€be€takenÏto€close€the€gap€in€the€law€which€at€present€allows€for€the€possibility€ofÏconscripting€children€under€the€age€of€18€into€the€armed€forces.€€The€CommitteeÏsuggests€that€the€Government€should€reassess€the€effectiveness€of€presentÏregulations€regarding€the€exploitation€of€children€in€pornographic€materials.€€Further,€the€Government€should€not€overlook€the€problem€of€sexual€abuse€withinÏthe€family.€€The€Government€may€also€wish€to€reassess€the€advisability€ofÏpermitting€a€child€of€seven€years€or€older€to€accept€legal€or€medicalÏcounselling€without€parental€consent.ÌÌ60.à2 .2àIn€regard€to€children€in€conflict€with€the€law,€the€Committee€suggests€thatÏfurther€consideration€should€be€given€to€ensuring€that€children€in€detention€areÏseparated€from€adults,€taking€into€account€the€best€interests€of€the€child€andÏalternatives€to€institutional€care.€€In€this€connection,€the€State€party€mayÏwish€to€study€the€situation€in€those€countries€where€arrangements€for€liaisonÏbetween€juveniles€and€the€police€force€have€been€established.€€The€CommitteeÏalso€suggests€that€consideration€be€given€to€providing€alternatives€to€theÏincarceration€of€children€under€the€Aliens€Act€and€that€a€public€defence€counselÏbe€appointed€for€children€in€conflict€with€the€law.ÌÌ61.à2 .2àThe€Committee€also€recommends€that€steps€should€be€taken€to€monitor€moreÏclosely€the€situation€of€foreign€children€placed€in€adoptive€families€in€ÌSweden.€€The€Committee€emphasizes€the€importance€of€monitoring€the€situation€ofÏforeign€children€and€other€vulnerable€groups,€and€to€this€end,€the€CommitteeÏrequests€that€the€next€report€of€the€State€party€include€fuller€statistical€andÏother€indicators€for€these€groups,€including€the€incidence€of€HIV€infection€andÏAIDS.€€Recognizing€that€the€ratification€of€other€international€human€rightsÏinstruments€has€a€favourable€influence€on€the€promotion€of€the€rights€of€theÏchild,€the€State€party€might€consider€ratifying€the€Convention€for€theÏSuppression€of€the€Traffic€in€Persons€and€of€the€Exploitation€of€theÏProstitution€of€Others.ÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€3.€€òòConcluding€observations:€€Viet€NamóóÌÌ62.à2 .2àThe€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Viet€Nam€(CRC/C/3/Add.4)€atÏits€59th,€60th€and€61st€meetings€(CRC/C/SR.59„61),€held€on€19€andÏ20January1993,€and€adopted,€at€its€73rd€meeting,€on€28€January€1993,€theÏfollowing€concluding€observations.ÌÌ(a)à2 .2àòòIntroductionóóÌÌ63.à2 .2àThe€Committee€expresses€its€appreciation€to€the€State€party€for€its€reportÏand€for€engaging€through€a€high-ranking€delegation€in€a€constructive€and€frankÏdialogue€with€the€Committee.€€It€notes€with€satisfaction€that€Viet€Nam€has€beenÏthe€first€Asian€State€to€sign€and€ratify€the€Convention€and€to€submit€a€reportÏon€its€implementation.€€The€Committee€appreciates€the€comprehensiveness€of€theÏreport,€which€has€been€prepared€in€conformity€with€the€Committee's€guidelines.ÌÌ64.à2 .2àThe€report€and€the€detailed€additional€information€provided€by€the€StateÏparty's€representatives€in€the€course€of€the€discussion€have€enabled€theÏCommittee€to€obtain€a€comprehensive€view€of€the€State€party's€compliance€withÏthe€obligations€undertaken€under€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€andÏhuman€rights€standards€set€forth€therein.ÌÌ(b)à2 .2àòòPositive€aspectsóóÌÌ65.à2 .2àThe€Committee€takes€note€with€satisfaction€of€the€efforts€made€by€theÏGovernment€of€Viet€Nam€to€secure€implementation€of€the€Convention's€Ìprovisions€throughout€the€country.€€The€adoption€by€the€National€Assembly€of€theÏLaw€on€the€Protection,€Care€and€Education€of€Children€and€of€the€Law€on€theÏUniversalization€of€Primary€Education€in€August€1991,€the€proclamation€of€the€Year€of€the€Vietnamese€Child€in€1989-1990,€the€national€review€of€the€first€10Ïyears€(1979-1989)€of€implementation€of€the€Ordinance€on€the€Protection,€Care€andÏEducation€of€Children€and€related€activities,€the€stipulations€on€the€rights€ofÏthe€child€in€the€new€national€Constitution€-€all€these€developments€areÏimportant€steps€towards€the€implementation€of€the€Convention.€€The€CommitteeÏnotes€with€satisfaction€the€holding,€as€follow-up€action€to€the€World€Summit€forÏChildren,€of€a€National€Summit€for€Children€and€approval€by€it€of€Viet€Nam'sÏdraft€National€Programme€of€Action€for€Children€1991-2000.€€The€Committee€findsÏof€particular€importance€the€establishment€of€the€Committee€for€the€ProtectionÏand€Care€of€Children€at€the€national€level,€as€well€as€the€establishment€of€suchÏcommittees€at€provincial,€district€and€commune€levels,€to€monitor€theÏimplementation€of€the€Convention.ÌÌ(c)à2 .2àòòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóÌÌ66.à2 .2àThe€Committee€notes€that€transition€from€a€centrally€planned€to€a€market„Ïoriented€economy€in€Viet€Nam€produces€new,€or€aggravates€old€social€problemsÏwhich€have€a€negative€impact€on€the€situation€of€children.€€Old€traditions€inÏremote€parts€of€the€country€also€create€difficulties€for€the€application€of€theÏprovisions€of€the€Convention.€€The€Committee€notes€that€the€Government€of€VietÏNam€is€well€aware€of€the€existing€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€ofÏthe€Convention€and€much€appreciates€the€frankness€and€openness€of€the€report€inÏthis€respect.€€The€Committee,€furthermore,€notes€the€commitment€expressed€by€theÏGovernment€to€do€everything,€through€national€as€well€as€international€actions,Ïin€such€a€difficult€situation€to€ensure€that€the€children's€problems€are€treatedÏwith€the€highest€possible€priority.ÌÌ(d)à2 .2àòòPrincipal€subjects€of€concernóóÌÌ67.à2 .2àThe€Committee€expresses€its€concern€about€the€negative€effects€of€theÏeconomic€reforms€under€way€in€Viet€Nam€on€the€situation€of€children.€€It€is€alsoÏconcerned€about€the€situation€of€children€belonging€to€the€various€minorityÏgroups,€especially€those€living€in€the€mountain€areas€of€the€country.€€TheÏCommittee€notes€that€long€periods€of€imprisonment€for€delinquent€children€setÏforth€in€national€penal€legislation€are€not€in€conformity€with€the€provisions€ofÏarticle€37€of€the€Convention€and€that€every€child€alleged€to€have€or€accused€ofÏhaving€infringed€the€penal€law€should€have€the€guarantees€envisaged€inÏarticle40€of€the€Convention.€€The€Committee€also€expresses€its€concern€at€theÏperpetuation€of€prejudices€in€some€regions€of€the€country€resulting€inÏdiscrimination€against€women€and€girls.€€The€situation€of€children€in€ruralÏareas€is€a€general€concern,€for€example,€regarding€health€and€educationalÏpossibilities.€€The€growing€number€of€children€living€and/or€working€on€theÏstreet,€child€prostitution€and€pornography€are€also€matters€of€concern,€as€isÏthe€lack€of€adequate€training€of€the€law€enforcement€officials€as€far€as€theÏimplementation€of€the€Convention€is€concerned.ÌÌ(e)à2 .2àòòSuggestions€and€recommendationsóóÌÌ68.à2 .2àThe€Committee€considers€it€to€be€particularly€important€for€the€GovernmentÏof€Viet€Nam€to€take€all€necessary€steps,€both€nationally€and€also€usingÏinternational€assistance€and€cooperation,€to€minimize€the€negative€impact€thatÏthe€economic€reforms€may€have€on€the€most€vulnerable€group,€i.e.€children€of€theÏVietnamese€society.€€Particular€attention€should€be€paid€to€the€protection€ofÏchildren€belonging€to€different€minority€groups,€children€living€in€rural€areasÏand€children€in€urban€areas€who€live€and/or€work€on€the€street.€€In€the€latterÏcase,€there€seems€to€be€a€need€to€further€study€the€root€causes€of€thisÏphenomenon€and€develop€appropriate€strategies€to€resolve€this€problem.̇69.à2 .2àThe€appropriate€amendments€should€be€made€to€the€Penal€Code€in€order€toÏadequately€reflect€the€provisions€contained€in€articles€37,€39€and€40€of€theÏConvention€as€well€as€the€relevant€provisions€of€the€Code€of€Conduct€for€LawÏEnforcement€Officials€and€other€international€standards€in€this€field€such€asÏthe€Beijing€Rules,€the€Riyadh€Guidelines€and€the€United€Nations€Rules€for€theÏProtection€of€Juveniles€Deprived€of€their€Liberty.€€In€this€connection€theÏCommittee€recommends€that€a€training€course€for€law€enforcement€personnel€beÏorganized€by€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights€in€Viet€Nam.ÌÌ70.à2 .2àThe€text€of€the€Convention€should€be€translated€into€the€languages€of€allÏminority€groups€and€disseminated€as€widely€as€possible€in€order€to€sensitizeÏpublic€opinion€with€respect€to€the€protection€of€the€rights€of€the€child.€€TheÏyouth€and€non-governmental€organizations€could€play€an€active€role€in€creatingÏawareness€about€the€Convention€all€over€the€country.ÌÌ71.à2 .2àThe€Committee€proposed,€in€accordance€with€article€44,€paragraph€4,€of€theÏConvention,€that€additional€information€be€provided€to€the€Committee€withÏrespect€to€the€administration€of€juvenile€justice€by€1€June€1993€in€order€toÏenable€the€Committee's€pre-sessional€working€group€to€consider€that€informationÏand€to€report€back€to€the€Committee€at€its€autumn€session.€€The€publication€andÏthe€widest€possible€dissemination€within€the€country€of€the€report€submitted€byÏthe€Government€of€Viet€Nam€to€the€Committee€and€of€the€Committee's€proceedingsÏare€recommended.ÌÌÌà@ì .Œ à4.€€òòConcluding€observations:€€Russian€FederationóóˆÌÌ72.à2 .2àThe€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€the€Russian€FederationÏ(CRC/C/3/Add.5)€at€its€62nd,€63rd€and€64th€meetings€(CRC/C/SR.62„64),€held€on€21Ïand€22€January€1993,€and€adopted,€at€its€73rd€meeting,€on€28€January€1993,€theÏfollowing€concluding€observations.ÌÌ(a)à2 .2àòòIntroductionóóÌÌ73.à2 .2àThe€Committee€expresses€satisfaction€at€the€timely€submission€of€theÏRussian€Federation's€initial€report€and€for€the€frank,€self-critical€andÏcomprehensive€manner€in€which€it€was€prepared.€€The€Committee€notes€withÏappreciation€the€high-level€representation€sent€to€discuss€the€report,€whichÏserves€as€an€indication€of€the€importance€attached€by€the€Government€of€theÏRussian€Federation€to€its€obligations€under€the€Convention,€and€for€the€open,Ïcomprehensive€and€constructive€approach€that€characterized€the€dialogue€with€theÏdelegation.ÌÌ(b)à2 .2àòòPositive€aspectsóóÌÌ74.à2 .2àThe€Committee€is€encouraged€by€the€Government's€willingness€to€define€andÏappreciate€the€problems€impeding€the€implementation€of€the€rights€provided€forÏin€the€Convention€and€to€search€for€adequate€solutions€to€face€them.€€In€thisÏregard,€the€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€the€progress€being€made€in€Ìintroducing€legislative€measures€to€improve€the€application€of€the€Convention€asÏwell€as€the€proposed€establishment€of€juvenile€and€family€courts.€€Equally,€itÏrecognizes€the€importance€of€the€steps€being€taken€to€develop:€€the€involvementÏof€local€and€regional€authorities€in€taking€responsibility€for€implementing€theÏrights€of€the€child;€the€participation€of€non-governmental€organizations€inÏprogrammes€to€implement€the€rights€of€the€child;€the€training€of€social€andÏother€workers€dealing€directly€with€children€and€family„related€problems;€the€awareness€of€the€importance€of€the€family€and€equal€parental€responsibilities;Ïand€the€dissemination€of€information€on€the€rights€of€the€child.ÌÌ75.à2 .2àThe€Committee€also€notes€with€satisfaction,€in€the€light€of€article€4€ofÏthe€Convention,€the€allocation€of€further€resources€for€the€benefit€of€childrenÏas€a€consequence€of€the€economic€effects€of€disarmament.ÌÌ76.à2 .2àAt€a€time€of€critical€change€in€the€State€party€and€in€view€of€theÏinformation€provided€by€the€delegation,€the€Committee€recognizes€the€importanceÏaccorded€by€the€State€party€to€introducing€positive€changes€for€the€benefit€ofÏchildren€and€to€continuing€to€pursue€policies€that€take€into€account€the€needsÏof€children€in€a€period€of€structural€adjustment.ÌÌ(c)à2 .2