WPC8  /7@Gmy\œHTNm`s~֭57-s 9X0Tl.݇_YOa~`g ulۇH(WDs('gɣK {-Fu{)AN hVK^&{R]6.<$oH…EjJG7< Eۓ^.U'm|{o>#'g"g~=Atjo.=× F8-:+uRM[p쥮 M ? Xm: ̏5گFR 2y&coV5[g/Cv;.% r =8S\ pb*ѐRs&m Ec E昤o#u 0f 0 0vr 0v 0^ 0 0 0h 0W 0 0  0) 0<H 0N 0a 03 0  0 0k 09 0 0 0 0XU8@ %FL 0z 0 Q 0=b 0F 0P 15! 0! 1v" 0{#2$ 0(E) 0) 0* 0\+ 0&, 0&(, 0&N, 0&t, 0&, 0&, 0&, 0& - 0&2- 0(X- 0(- 0- B:/ D3W// 0P0 0C21 A Mu1 B'1 01U :u5 1 o56 07 08a; 0\=>> 0\?>@ 0>B C^:DE 0ZF^ IjJ 0*KYMGO^O=Q 0:RYMTUM>VWXo>Y/X@mU@o>Y˱@ '  Y   C f a U  0Q  0P 1kn$ 0  1mw4  m!V1 P8Document[8]Document Style0..8` ..`   V$8Document[4]Document Style.. .   V ]8Document[6]Document Style8..  V 8Document[5]Document Style0..  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(G_UNLOGO1.WPG C)  @ 8  8 Rl@..$    ڄ C)  @ 8  8  8,  P" @..$    ڄ C)  @ 8  8 882 @..$    ڄ C)  @ 8  8  8,  @..$    ڄ dTable_Aj`$("2Ǿ$ n!USUS.,'F` X'tjtjtj   +@Otj88Ҁ  0  /(!2$ n!USUS.,'F` X'tjtjtj   33@Otj88Ҁ  0  /  5u{13Right-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)3|c) `(CG TimesScalablec P7P<6X9`("Courier NewTTled6X@`7@) `(CG TimesScalable P7P* `(CG TimesScalablexx P7xP* `(CG TimesScalable P7P) `(CG TimesScalableO P7Pj`$ier NewTTleXXj@(7X@($USUS.,'F` X'tjtjtj  # e37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)\^)TempОU n!USUS.,'F` X'tjtjtj   UKUS.,[( $$$$Z%A/51/18=]QA=z (  ` @@EOOO߈   ` h   tj UnitedNations  `  i   #aPddx y  ^x y yxReportofthe i CommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscrimination^  y^x  ^ #dPaPGeneralAssembly   b   ^b  bOfficialRecords^tj ^btj^tjb tj^b  bԀFiftyfirstSession   SupplementNo.18(A/51/18)    U) `(CG TimesScalableU    M A/51/18    U) `(CG TimesScalableUReportoftheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscrimination#dPU^* `(CG TimesScalableUGeneralAssembly  OfficialRecordsU) `(CG TimesScalableUU^* `(CG TimesScalableUԀFiftyfirstSessionSupplementNo.18(A/51/18) * b=`QA=z (  ` @@b - UnitedNationsU) `(CG TimesScalableUU^* `(CG TimesScalableUԀNewYork,1996  U) `(CG TimesScalableURl 4  4    @.. NOTESymbolsofUnitedNationsdocumentsarecomposedofcapitalletterscombinedwithfigures.MentionofsuchasymbolindicatesareferencetoaUnitedNationsdocument. #/ @..ISSN0252-1261#dd ? UK     \R3'\ X      + 8  8 O@<6X9`("Courier NewTTO( A $(a882     #..[Original:English]#..[30September1996]@..\CONTENTS 88tChaptert..tParagraphsPage   , )8 8 P") . .Letteroftransmittal............................................viii .I.0 .ORGANIZATIONALANDRELATEDMATTERS................... .<123P" .!1 . .A. .StatesPartiestotheInternationalConventionon . . .theEliminationofAllFormsofRacial . . .Discrimination................................... . .<12P" .!1 . .B. .Sessionsandagenda.............................. . .<34P" .!1 . .C. .Membershipandattendance........................ . .<57P" .!1 . .D. .Solemndeclaration............................... . .8P" .!2 . .E. .Electionofofficers............................. . .9P" .!3 . .F. .CooperationwiththeInternationalLabour . . .OrganizationandtheUnitedNationsEducational, . . .ScientificandCulturalOrganization............. . .1011P" .!3 . .G. .Othermatters.................................... . .1222P" .!3 . .H. .Adoptionofthereport........................... .23P" .!5 .II. .PREVENTIONOFRACIALDISCRIMINATION,INCLUDINGEARLY . .WARNINGANDURGENTPROCEDURES........................ .2436P" .!6 . .A. .DecisionsadoptedbytheCommitteeatitsforty . . .eighthsession................................... .30P" .!7 . . .Decision1(48)onBosniaandHerzegovina....................P" .!7 . . .Decision2(48)ontheFederalRepublicof . . .Yugoslavia(SerbiaandMontenegro)...........................P" .!8 . . .DeclarationonthesituationofRwanda.......................P" .!9 . .B. .DecisionsadoptedbytheCommitteeatitsforty . . .ninthsession.................................... . .3136P" .!9 . . .Decision1(49)onBosniaandHerzegovina....................P" .!10 . . .Decision2(49)onCyprus....................................P" .!11 . . .Decision3(49)onLiberia...................................P" .!12 . . .Resolution1(49)onBurundi.................................P" .!13 .  , @..CONTENTS(continued) 88tChaptert..tParagraphsPage   , )8 8 P")̀ .4III. .CONSIDERATIONOFREPORTS,COMMENTSANDINFORMATION . .SUBMITTEDBYSTATESPARTIESUNDERARTICLE9OFTHE . .CONVENTION........................................... .37562P" .!15 . .Colombia............................................. .3859P" .!15 . .Denmark . .............................................. .6080P" .!17 . .Zimbabwe............................................. .81105P" .!20 . .Hungary.............................................. .t106131P" .!22 . .RussianFederation................................... .t132159P" .!25 . .Madagascar........................................... .t160166P" .!28 . .Finland.............................................. .t167196P" .!29 . .Spain................................................ .t197218P" .!32 . .UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland. .t219255P" .!35 . .Guinea............................................... .t256258P" .!40 . .Gambia............................................... .t259261P" .!41 . .C=ted'Ivoire........................................ .t262264P" .!41 . .Bolivia.............................................. .t265289P" .!41 . .Brazil............................................... .t290314P" .!45 . .RepublicofKorea.................................... .t315338P" .!48 . .India................................................ .t339373P" .!51 . .Malta................................................ .t374390P" .!55 . .People'sRepublicofChina........................... .t391426P" .!57 . .Fiji................................................. .t427430P" .!61 . .Togo................................................. .t431433P" .!61 . .Somalia.............................................. .t434436P" .!61 . .CapeVerde........................................... .t437439P" .!62 . .Lesotho.............................................. .t440442P" .!62 . .SaintVincentandtheGrenadines..................... .t443445P" .!62@ .CONTENTS(continued) 88tChaptert .tParagraphsPage   , )8 8, P"), ., .SolomonIslands..................................... .t446448P" .!63, ., .Botswana............................................ .t449451P" .!63, ., .LaoPeople'sDemocraticRepublic.................... .t452455P" .!64, ., .BurkinaFaso........................................ .t456459P" .!64, ., .Venezuela........................................... .t460484P" .!65, ., .Namibia............................................. .t485508P" .!67, ., .Zaire............................................... .t509538P" .!70, ., .Mauritius........................................... .t539562P" .!74, .IV. .CONSIDERATIONOFCOMMUNICATIONSUNDERARTICLE14OF  , ., .THECONVENTION...................................... .t563566P" .!77, .dV. .CONSIDERATIONOFCOPIESOFPETITIONS,COPIESOF, ., .REPORTSANDOTHERINFORMATIONRELATINGTOTRUSTAND, ., .NONSELFGOVERNINGTERRITORIESANDTOALLOTHER, ., .TERRITORIESTOWHICHGENERALASSEMBLYRESOLUTION, ., .1514(XV)APPLIES,INCONFORMITYWITHARTICLE15OF, ., .THECONVENTION...................................... .t567570P" .!78, .VI. .ACTIONBYTHEGENERALASSEMBLYATITSFIFTIETH, ., .SESSION............................................. .t571576P" .!79, ., .A. .AnnualreportsubmittedbytheCommitteeonthe, ., . .EliminationofRacialDiscriminationunder, ., . .article9,paragraph2,oftheConvention....... .t572574P" .!79, ., .B. .Effectiveimplementationofinternational, ., . .instrumentsonhumanrights,includingreporting, ., . .obligationsunderinternationalinstrumentson, ., . .humanrights.................................... .t575576P" .!80, .VII. .SUBMISSIONOFREPORTSBYSTATESPARTIESUNDER, ., .ARTICLE9OFTHECONVENTION......................... .t577582P" .!81, ., .A. .ReportsreceivedbytheCommittee...............577P" .!81, ., .B. .ReportsnotyetreceivedbytheCommittee.......578P" .!83, ., .C. .ActiontakenbytheCommitteetoensure, ., . .submissionofreportsbyStatesParties......... .t579582P" .!93, .8VIII. .THIRDDECADETOCOMBATRACISMANDRACIAL, ., .DISCRIMINATION...................................... .t583586P" .!95@ .CONTENTS(continued) 88tChaptert .tParagraphsPage   , )8 8 P") .IX. .OVERVIEWOFTHEMETHODSOFWORKOFTHECOMMITTEE..... .t587627P" .!97 . .A. .StatesParties'reports:generalconsiderations. . .t588600P" .!97 . .B. .Overdueperiodicreports......................... . .t601607P" .!99 . .C. .Overdueinitialreports..........................608P" .$!100 . .D. .Earlywarningmeasuresandurgentprocedures..... . .t609613P" .$!100 . .E. .Implementationofarticle15..................... . .t614615P" .$!101 . .F. .Communicationsunderarticle14.................. . .t616618P" .$!102 . .G. .Generalrecommendations.......................... . .t619621P" .$!102 . .H. .Missions.........................................622P" .$!103 . .I. .Relationswithotherinternationalbodies........ . .t623626P" .$!103 . .J. .Article11proceedings...........................627P" .$!103@ .Annexes .I. .StatusoftheConvention.........................................P" .$!106 . .A. .StatesPartiestotheInternationalConventiononthe . . .EliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination(148),as . . .at23August1996............................................P" .$!106 . .B. .StatesPartiesthathavemadethedeclarationunder . . .article14,paragraph1,oftheConvention(23),asat . . .23August1996...............................................P" .$!110 . .C. .StatesPartiesthathaveacceptedtheamendmentstothe . . .ConventionadoptedatthefourteenthmeetingofStates . . .Parties(17),asat23August1996...........................P" .$!111 .II. .Agendasofthefortyeighthandfortyninthsessions.............P" .$!112 . .A. .Fortyeighthsession.........................................P" .$!112 . .B. .Fortyninthsession..........................................P" .$!112 .4III. .StatementbytheCommitteeconcerningterroristactsinIsrael...P" .$!114 .IV. .StatementbytheCommitteetotheSecondUnitedNations . .ConferenceonHumanSettlements(HabitatII).....................P" .$!115 .V. .Listofdocumentsissuedforthefortyeighthandfortyninth . .sessionsoftheCommittee........................................P" .$!116@ .CONTENTS(continued) 88tt .tPage   , )8 8, P"), .VI. .DocumentsreceivedbytheCommitteeatitsfortyeighthand, ., .fortyninthsessionsinconformitywitharticle15ofthe, ., .Convention......................................................P" .$!119, .VII. .CountryrapporteursforreportsconsideredbytheCommitteeat, ., .itsfortyeighthandfortyninthsessions.......................P" .$!120, .8VIII. .GeneralRecommendationsadoptedbytheCommittee................P" .$!124, ., .A. .GeneralRecommendationXX(48),adoptedatthe1147th, ., . .meeting,on8March1996....................................P" .$!124, ., .B. .GeneralRecommendationXXI(48),adoptedatthe1147th, ., . .meeting,on8March1996....................................P" .$!125, ., .C. .GeneralRecommendationXXII(49),adoptedatthe1175th, ., . .meeting,on16August1996..................................P" .$!126, .IX. .PreliminarycommentsoftheGovernmentofIndiaontheconcluding, ., .observationsadoptedbytheCommitteeontheEliminationof, ., .RacialDiscriminationonthetenthtofourteenthperiodicreports, ., .ofIndiapresentedduringthefortyninthsessionofthe, ., .Committee.......................................................P" .$!128 .  ,  8,  P" @..LETTEROFTRANSMITTAL#..(23August1996Sir,,..,Readerswillnoticethatthisreportisshorter.From1972to1995theCommittee'sreportsincludedasummaryofthedialoguebetweenmembersoftheCommitteeandthedelegationwhichpresentedaStatereport.Thereportfor1992wasthefirsttoconcludethesesummarieswithasetof"concludingobservations"thatexpressedtheviewsoftheCommitteeasawhole.Becausetheseobservationsattractmuchattention,itbecamedesirabletopublishthemattheendoftheCommittee'sspringsessionaswellasinthereportadoptedattheendofthesummersession.So,startingin1996,theconcludingobservationshavebeenpublishedasaseparateseries.BecausetheCommittee'ssummaryrecordsarenowpublishedintheirprovisionalform,itisnolongernecessarytoincludesummariesofdialogueintheannualreport.Someoftheotherrecentchangesinprocedurearedescribedinanewsectionofthisreport(chap.IX)abouttheCommittee'sworkingmethods.,..,TheCommittee'sfortyeighthsessionwasnotablefortheincreasedinterestshownbynongovernmentalorganizationsincertainofthereportingStates.TheysubmittedcommentariesontheimplementationoftheConventionwhichcomplementedtheinformationavailabletomembersandhelpedimprovethequalityoftheCommittee'sexaminationofthosereports.AtthissessiontheCommitteeadoptedtwonewgeneralrecommendations.Thesedealwitharticle5oftheConventionandwiththequestionofselfdetermination.TheyaretobefoundinannexVIIItothisreport.,..,ThefortyninthsessionshowedafurtherdevelopmentintheCommittee'sworkingmethodstokeeppacewiththeincreaseinthenumberofreportsrequiringconsideration.Lesstimewasallocatedfortheintroductionofperiodicreports,forquestionsandcommentsfromCommitteemembers,andfororalresponsesfromStatedelegations.InthiswaytheCommitteewasabletofindtimeforthenewresponsibilitiesithasassumedinconnectionwithearlywarningandurgentactionprocedures.Thirteenperiodicreportswerescheduledforconsideration.TheimplementationoftheConventioninfurther13Stateswhoseperiodicreportswereoverduewasscheduledunderthereviewprocedure.ConsiderationofcertainscheduledreportswaspostponedattherequestoftheStates.TheprimefeatureofthissituationisthattheCommitteehasnobacklogofunconsideredreports.Byitsreviewprocedureitisprogressivelydealingwiththeproblemsresultingfromthenonsubmissionofreportsandinthisdocumentinparagraph608theCommitteeadvancesproposalsshowinghowitplanstodealwiththecaseswhereaStatePartyhasfailedtosubmititsinitialreport.Atthissession,theCommitteeadoptedgeneralrecommendationXXII(49)ontherightsofrefugeesandpersonsdisplacedonthebasisofethniccriteria,thetextofwhichisreproducedinannexVIII.,..,ItshouldalsobenotedthattheCommitteehasbeenconsideringthesituationinnineStatesunderitsearlywarningandurgentactionprocedures,namelyBosniaandHerzegovina,Burundi,Cyprus,theFederalRepublicofHisExcellencyMr.BoutrosBoutrosGhaliSecretaryGeneraloftheUnitedNationsNewYorkYugoslavia(SerbiaandMontenegro),theformerYugoslavRepublicofMacedonia,Israel,Liberia,PapuaNewGuineaandRwanda.Atitsfortyeighthsession,theCommitteeadopteddecisionsconcerningBosniaandHerzegovina,theFederalRepublicofYugoslavia(SerbiaandMontenegro)andadeclarationconcerningRwanda,andatitsfortyninthsession,itadopteddecisionsconcerningBosniaandHerzegovina,Cyprus,LiberiaandaresolutiononBurundi.,..,Accept,Sir,theassurancesofmyhighestconsideration.#..(Signed)MichaelBANTON#..Chairman#..CommitteeontheElimination#..xofRacialDiscrimination 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UK     \R3'\ X      +O@<6X9`("Courier NewTTO( A $(b882     @.. I.ORGANIZATIONALANDRELATEDMATTERS̀A.StatesPartiestotheInternationalConventiononthèEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination󀀀1.2..2Asat23August1996,theclosingdateofthefortyninthsessionoftheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscrimination,therewere148StatesPartiestotheInternationalConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination,whichwasadoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyinresolution2106A(XX)of21December1965andopenedforsignatureandratificationinNewYorkon7March1966.TheConventionenteredintoforceon4January1969inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofitsarticle19.2.2..2Bytheclosingdateofthefortyninthsession,23ofthe148StatesPartiestotheConventionhadmadethedeclarationenvisagedinarticle14,paragraph1,oftheConvention.Article14oftheConventionenteredintoforceon3December1982,followingthedepositwiththeSecretaryGeneralofthetenthdeclarationrecognizingthecompetenceoftheCommitteetoreceiveandconsidercommunicationsfromindividualsorgroupsofindividualswhoclaimtobevictimsofaviolationbytheStatePartyconcernedofanyoftherightssetforthintheConvention.ListsofStatesPartiestotheConventionandofthosewhichhavemadethedeclarationunderarticle14arecontainedinannexItothepresentreport,asisalistofStatesPartiesthathaveacceptedtheamendmentstotheConventionadoptedatthefourteenthmeetingofStatesParties(17),asat23August1996.@..nB.Sessionsandagenda3.2..2TheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscriminationheldtworegularsessionsin1996.Thefortyeighth(1128th1155thmeetings)andfortyninth(1156th1184thmeetings)sessionswereheldattheUnitedNationsOfficeatGenevafrom26Februaryto15Marchandfrom5to23August1996,respectively.4.2..2Theagendasofthefortyeighthandfortyninthsessions,asadoptedbytheCommittee,arereproducedinannexII.@..BC.Membershipandattendance5.2..2Inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofarticle8oftheConvention,theStatesPartiesheldtheirsixteenthmeetingatUnitedNationsHeadquarterson16January19961/andelectedninemembersoftheCommitteefromamongthecandidatesnominatedtoreplacethosewhosetermofofficewasduetoexpireon19January1996.6.2..2ThelistofmembersoftheCommitteefor1996-1998,includingthoseelectedorre-electedon16January1996,isasfollows:ǀTermexpiresoǹNameofmember󀀀Countryofnationality󀀀19January882Mr.MamoudABOULNASR..Egypt..1998Mr.HamzatAHMADU..Nigeria..1998Mr.MichaelParkerBANTON..UnitedKingdomofGreatBritain..19982..2..andNorthernIrelandMr.TheodoorvanBOVEN**..Netherlands..2000Mr.AndrewCHIGOVERA..Zimbabwe..1998Mr.IonDIACONU**..Romania..2000Mr.EduardoFERREROCOSTA**..Peru..2000Mr.IvanGARVALOV**..Bulgaria..2000Mr.RgisdeGOUTTES..France..1998Mr.CarlosLECHUGAHEVIA..Cuba..1998Mr.YuriA.RECHETOV**..RussianFederation..2000Mrs.ShantiSADIQALI**..India..2000Mr.AghaSHAHI..Pakistan..1998Mr.MichaelE.SHERIFIS..Cyprus..1998Mr.LuisVALENCIARODRIQUEZ**..Ecuador..2000Mr.RdigerWOLFRUM..Germany..1998Mr.MarioJorgeYUTZIS**..Argentina..2000Ms.ZOUDeci*..China..2000________________________882 2..2*..Electedon16January1996.2..2**..Re-electedon16January1996.7.2..2AllmembersoftheCommitteeexceptMr.AghaShahiattendedthefortyeighthsessionandallmembersattendedthefortyninthsession.Mr.Diaconuattendedonlypartofthefortyeighthsession,andMessrs.FerreroCostaandAboulNasrattendedonlypartofthefortyninthsession.@..D.Solemndeclaration8.2..2Duringearlymeetingsofthefortyeighthsession,thosemembersoftheCommitteewhowereelectedorre-electedatthesixteenthmeetingofStatesPartiesmadeasolemndeclarationinaccordancewithrule14oftherulesofprocedureoftheCommittee.@..<E.Electionofofficers9.2..2Atits1128thand1136thmeetings,on26Februaryand1March1996,theCommitteeelectedthefollowingofficersforatermoftwoyears(1996-1998),inaccordancewitharticle10,paragraph2,oftheConvention:2..2Chairman: ..  .. Mr.MichaelParkerBANTON2..2Vice-Chairmen:Mr.EduardoFERREROCOSTA2..2Mr.IvanGARVALOV2..2Ms.ShantiSADIQALI2..2Rapporteur:Mr.AndrewR.CHIGOVERÀF.CooperationwiththeInternationalLabourOrganizatioǹandtheUnitedNationsEducational,Scientificand󀀀̀CulturalOrganization󀀀10.2..2InaccordancewithCommitteedecision2(VI)of21August1972concerningcooperationwiththeInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO)andtheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO),2/bothorganizationswereinvitedtoattendthesessionsoftheCommittee.11.2..2ReportsoftheILOCommitteeofExpertsontheApplicationofConventionsandRecommendations,submittedtotheInternationalLabourConference,weremadeavailabletothemembersoftheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscrimination,inaccordancewitharrangementsforcooperationbetweenthetwoCommittees.TheCommitteetooknotewithappreciationofthereportsoftheCommitteeofExperts,inparticularofthosesectionswhichdealtwiththeapplicationoftheDiscrimination(EmploymentandOccupation)Convention,1958(No.111)andtheIndigenousandTribalPopulationsConvention,1957(No.107),aswellasotherinformationinthereportsrelevanttoitsactivities.@..G.Othermatters12.2..2Atthefortyeighthsession,theAssistantSecretaryGeneralforHumanRightsattendedthe1151stmeeting,heldon12March1996,anddiscussedanumberofissueswiththeCommittee,particularlytheroletobeplayedbyitinactivitiesrelatingtotheThirdDecadetoCombatRacismandRacialDiscrimination,possiblefuturedevelopmentswithregardtotheCommittee'searlywarningmeasuresandurgentprocedures,theeffectsofthefinancialcrisisontheworkoftheCommitteeandtherestructuringprocessoftheCentreforHumanRights(seeCERD/C/SR.1151).13.2..2TheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforHumanRightsalsoaddressedtheCommitteeatits1151stmeetinganddiscussed,inparticular,waystoincreasetheexchangeofinformationandcooperationbetweentheOfficeoftheHighCommissionerforHumanRightsandtheCommittee,waystoensurefollow-uptotheCommittee'semergencyactionproposalsandthebestwaysfortheCommitteetocoordinatewithotherUnitedNationsbodiesconcernedwithracialdiscrimination(seeCERD/C/SR.1151).̇14.2..2Atits1155thmeetingon14March1996,theCommitteedesignatedsomeofitsmemberstoprovideliaisonwithregionalandinternationalorganizationswhoseworkisofinteresttotheCommittee.ThelistoftheorganizationsidentifiedbytheCommitteeinthisregardandofthemembersprovidingliaisonwiththemisasfollows:AfricanCommissiononHumanandPeoples'Rights(Mr.Chigovera),Commonwealth(Mr.Sherifis),CommonwealthofIndependentStates(Mr.Garvalov),CouncilofBalticStates(Mr.Rechetov),CouncilofEurope(Mr.deGouttes),EuropeanAdvisoryCommissiononRacismandXenophobia(Mr.deGouttes),EuropeanParliament(Mr.deGouttes),EuropeanUnion(Mr.Sherifis),UnitedNationsHighCommissionerforHumanRights(Mr.deGouttes),HighCommissionerforNationalMinoritiesoftheOrganizationforSecurityandCooperationinEurope(Mr.Wolfrum),InterAmericanCommissiononHumanRights(Mr.Yutzis),InterAmericanCourtofHumanRights(Mr.Yutzis),InternationalLabourOrganization(Mr.vanBoven),UnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees(Mr.Sherifis),WorkingGroupoftheSubcommissiononPreventionofDiscriminationandProtectionofMinoritiesonIndigenousPopulations(Mrs.SadiqAli)andWorkingGroupoftheSubcommissiononPreventionofDiscriminationandProtectionofMinorities(Mr.vanBoven).15.2..2Atits1143rdmeeting,heldon6March1996,theCommitteeadoptedastatementcondemningterroristactsinIsrael.Onthatoccasion,theCommitteerecalleditsdecision3(45),inwhichitexpressedgraveconcernoverterroristactsvictimizingcertainracial,ethnicandnationalgroups,anditjoinedtheSecretaryGeneraloftheUnitedNationsincallingontheinternationalcommunitytouniteagainstallactsofterrorism.ThetextofthestatementisreproducedinannexIII.16.2..2Atits1154thmeeting,heldon14March1996,theCommitteeadoptedastatementaddressedtotheSecondUnitedNationsConferenceonHumanSettlements(HabitatII).ThetextofthestatementisreproducedinannexIV.17.2..2Atits1147thmeeting,heldon8March1996,theCommitteeadoptedgeneralrecommendationsXX(48)onarticle5oftheConventionandXXI(48)onaspectsofarticle2oftheConvention.Atits1175thmeeting,heldon16August1996duringtheCommittee'sfortyninthsession,theCommitteeadoptedgeneralrecommendationXXII(49)ontherightsofrefugeesandpersonsdisplacedonthebasisofethniccriteria.ThetextsofthegeneralrecommendationsarereproducedinannexVIII.18.2..2Atits1156thmeeting,heldon5August1996,theCommitteeobservedaminuteofsilenceinmemoryofMr.GeorgeOdarteyLamptey,formermemberoftheCommittee.19.2..2TheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforHumanRights,Mr.JosAyala-Lasso,addressedtheCommitteeatits1158thand1181stmeetings.TheCommitteediscussedwiththeHighCommissionertheconsequencesoftherestructuringoftheCentreforHumanRightsontheservicingoftheCommitteeandtheyresumedtheirdiscussion,beganattheCommittee'sfortyeighthsession,onwaystoincreasetheexchangeofinformationandcooperationbetweentheOfficeoftheHighCommissionerandtheCommittee,particularlywithregardtotheCommittee'searlywarningmeasuresandurgentprocedures.20.2..2Atits1153rd(fortyeighthsession),1179thand1183rd(fortyninthsession)meetings,theCommitteediscussedtheissueoftheparticipationofCommitteemembersintheexaminationoftheinitialorperiodicreportsoftheStateofwhichtheyarenationals.TheCommitteedecidedtoresumetheconsiderationofthisissueatitsfiftiethsession.̇21.2..2InconnectionwiththeelaborationandadoptionofconcludingobservationsoftheCommitteeonsomereports,individualmembersoftheCommitteemadethefollowingstatements:Mrs.SadiqAlidisassociatedherselffromtheconcludingobservationsonIndiabecauseshefeltthemtotallyunbalancedandMrs.ZouwishedtodisassociateherselffromsomeoftheconcludingobservationsonthePeople'sRepublicofChina,whichshebelievedwerebaseduponfactuallyincorrectpremises.22.2..2Atits1167thmeeting,theCommitteediscussedanddecidedtoadoptanewproceduretodealwithseriouslyoverdueinitialreports.Sincesomeinitialreportswereoverduebyasmuchas19years,theCommitteedecidedtonotifyStateswhoseinitialreportswereoverdueby5yearsormorethat:(a)theCommitteeshallreviewtheimplementationoftheConventionintheStatesPartiesconcernedatafuturesessionandinvitesoneormorerepresentativesoftheseStatesPartiestoparticipateinitsconsideration;and(b)inviewoftheabsenceofinitialreport,theCommitteeshallconsiderasaninitialreportallinformationsubmittedbytheStatePartytootherorgansoftheUnitedNationsor,intheabsenceofsuchmaterial,reportsandinformationpreparedbyorgansoftheUnitedNations.@..H.Adoptionofthereport23.2..2Atits1184thmeeting,heldon23August1996,theCommitteeadopteditsannualreporttotheGeneralAssembly.@..:II.PREVENTIONOFRACIALDISCRIMINATION,INCLUDINGEARLYWARNING@..:ANDURGENTPROCEDURES24.2..2TheCommitteedecidedatitsfortyfifthsessiontoestablishthisitemasoneofitsregularandprincipalagendaitems.25.2..2Atitsfortysecondsession(1993),theCommitteenotedtheconclusionadoptedbythefourthmeetingofpersonschairingthehumanrightstreatybodiesthat:02..2"...thetreatybodieshaveanimportantroleinseekingtopreventaswellastorespondtohumanrightsviolations.Itisthusappropriateforeachtreatybodytoundertakeanurgentexaminationofallpossiblemeasuresthatitmighttake,withinitscompetence,bothtopreventhumanrightsviolationsfromoccurringandtomonitormorecloselyemergencysituationsofallkindsarisingwithinthejurisdictionofStatesParties.Whereproceduralinnovationsarerequiredforthispurpose,theyshouldbeconsideredassoonaspossible."(A/47/628,para.44)26.2..2Asaresultofitsdiscussionofthatconclusionofthemeetingofchairpersons,theCommittee,atits979thmeeting,heldon17March1993,adoptedaworkingpapertoguideitinitsfutureworkconcerningpossiblemeasurestoprevent,aswellasmoreeffectivelyrespondto,violationsoftheConvention.3/TheCommitteenotedinitsworkingpaperthateffortstopreventseriousviolationsoftheInternationalConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscriminationwouldincludethefollowing:2..2(a)..Earlywarningmeasures:thesewouldbeaimedataddressingexistingproblemsfromescalatingintoconflictsandwouldalsoincludeconfidencebuildingmeasurestoidentifyandsupportstructurestostrengthenracialtoleranceandsolidifypeaceinordertopreventarelapseintoconflictinsituationswhereithasoccurred.Inthatconnection,criteriaforearlywarningcouldincludesomeofthefollowingconcerns:thelackofanadequatelegislativebasisfordefiningandcriminalizingallformsofracialdiscrimination,asprovidedforintheConvention;inadequateimplementationorenforcementmechanisms,includingthelackofrecourseprocedures;thepresenceofapatternofescalatingracialhatredandviolence,orracistpropagandaorappealstoracialintolerancebypersons,groupsororganizations,notablybyelectedorotherofficials;asignificantpatternofracialdiscriminationevidencedinsocialandeconomicindicators;andsignificantflowsofrefugeesordisplacedpersonsresultingfromapatternofracialdiscriminationorencroachmentonthelandsofminoritycommunities;2..2(b)..Urgentprocedures:thesewouldaimatrespondingtoproblemsrequiringimmediateattentiontopreventorlimitthescaleornumberofseriousviolationsoftheConvention.Possiblecriteriaforinitiatinganurgentprocedurecouldincludethepresenceofaserious,massiveorpersistentpatternofracialdiscrimination;orthatthesituationisseriousandthereisariskoffurtherracialdiscrimination.27.2..2Atits1028thand1029thmeetings,heldon10March1994,theCommitteeconsideredpossibleamendmentstoitsrulesofprocedurewhichwouldtakeintoaccounttheworkingpaperithadadoptedin1993onthepreventionofracialdiscrimination,includingearlywarningandurgentprocedures.Duringthediscussionswhichfollowed,theviewwasexpressedthatitwastooearlytomakechangesintherulesofprocedureinordertotakeaccountofproceduresadoptedonlyveryrecently.TherewasariskthattheCommitteemightbelockingitselfintoruleswhichwouldsoonnolongerfitneeds.Itwould,therefore,bebetterfortheCommitteetohavemoreexperienceoftheproceduresinquestionandtoamenditsrulesatalaterpointonthebasisofthatexperience.Atits1039thmeeting,heldon17March1994,theCommitteedecidedtopostponetoalatersessionfurtherconsiderationofproposalstoamenditsrulesofprocedure.28.2..2ThefollowingsectionsdescribedecisionsadoptedandfurtheractiontakenbytheCommitteeatitsfortyeighthandfortyninthsessionswithintheframeworkofitseffortstopreventracialdiscrimination.AtearliersessionstheCommitteehadcommencedconsiderationunderthisagendaitemofIsrael,Croatia,BosniaandHerzegovina,theFederalRepublicofYugoslavia(SerbiaandMontenegro),PapuaNewGuinea,Rwanda,Burundi,theRussianFederation,Mexico,AlgeriaandtheformerYugoslavRepublicofMacedonia.29.2..2AtthefortyeighthsessiondecisionswereadoptedconcerningBosniaandHerzegovina,theFederalRepublicofYugoslavia(SerbiaandMontenegro)andRwanda.Atits1129thmeeting,heldon26February1996,theCommitteedecidedtoremoveAlgeria,MexicoandtheRussianFederationfromthelistofcountriesreviewedunderthisagendaitem,sincetheyhadsubmittedtheirperiodicreportstotheCommittee.TheCommitteealsodecided,atits1149thmeeting,heldon11March1996,thatGuatemalashouldremainonthelistuntiltheconsiderationofitsreportatthefortyninthsession.Atthefortyeighthsession,furtherconsiderationofPapuaNewGuinea,Israel,theformerYugoslavRepublicofMacedonia,BurundiandLiberiawasdeferredtothefortyninthsession.@.." A.DecisionsadoptedbytheCommitteeatits@.." fortyeighthsession󀀀30.2..2ThefollowingdecisionswereadoptedbytheCommitteeunderthisagendaitematitsfortyeighthsession.@.. Decision1(48)onBosniaandHerzegovina2..2TheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscriminationrecallsitsexpressionsofseriousconcernatthesituationinBosniaandHerzegovina,aStatePartytotheInternationalConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination,andinparticularitsdecision2(47)adoptedon17August1995,andwillcontinuetoreviewthesituationinBosniaandHerzegovinaunderitsearlywarningandurgentprocedures.2..2TheCommitteenotestheGeneralFrameworkAgreementforPeaceinBosniaandHerzegovinadrawnupinDaytonandsignedinParison24November1995andisanxioustocontributetotheimplementationofthepeaceagreementfromtheperspectiveoftheprinciplesandobjectivesoftheInternationalConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination.2..2Accordingly,theCommittee:1.2..2EntrustsitsChairman,inclosecommunicationwithitsofficers,toconsult,inclosecoordinationwiththeUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforHumanRightsandotherUnitedNationsbodies,notablytheSpecialRapporteuronthesituationofhumanrightsintheformerYugoslavia,aswellascompetentregionalbodies,withaviewtomakingrecommendationsforfollow-upactionbytheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscrimination.̇2.2..2DecidestoinstituteaprocessofconsultationwiththeStatePartyconcernedonhowthegoodofficesoftheCommitteecanbedrawnuponinthefuture,inconsultationwithallinterestedparties,inordertopromoteunderstandingbetweenracesandethnicgroupsandtobuildasocietyfreefromallformsofracialorethnicsegregationordiscrimination.3.2..2InvitestheStatePartyconcernedtocooperatewiththeCommitteeinorganizing,assoonaspracticallypossibleameetingbetweenadelegationoftheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscriminationandthenewlyestablishedCommissiononHumanRightsforBosniaandHerzegovinasoastoplacetheCommittee'sexperienceatthedisposaloftheCommission.#..(1153rdmeeting#..13March1996@.. Decision2(48)ontheFederalRepublicofYugoslavia@..n(SerbiaandMontenegro)2..2TheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscriminationrecallsitsconcludingobservationsrelatingtotheFederalRepublicofYugoslavia(SerbiaandMontenegro)adoptedon20August19934/andinparticularitsoffertorendergoodofficesintheformofamissionofsomeofitsmemberswiththepurposeofhelpingtopromoteadialogueforthepeacefulsolutionofissuesconcerningrespectforhumanrightsinKosovo,inparticulartheeliminationofallformsofracialdiscrimination,andwheneverpossibleofhelpingpartiesconcernedtoarriveatsuchasolution.5/2..2TheCommitteealsorecallsthattheStatePartyconcernedrespondedpositivelytothisoffer,thatthegoodofficesmissionwasconsequentlycarriedoutfrom30Novemberto3December1993andthatthemissionmetwithauthoritiesoftheStatePartyandtheRepublicofSerbia,theSerbianauthoritiesinKosovoandrepresentativesoftheethnicAlbaniansinKosovo.2..2TheCommitteefurtherrecallsthatatitsfortyfourthsessionitconsidered,inprivatemeetings,theinterimreportofthegoodofficesmissionandthatasaresultitsChairmanaddressedalettertotheMinisterforForeignAffairsoftheFederalRepublicofYugoslavia(SerbiaandMontenegro)expressingtheCommittee'sappreciationtotheGovernmentforthecooperationreceivedandproposing,interalia,thatanumberofspecificstepsbetakenwithaviewtonormalizingthesituationinKosovo.2..2TheCommitteenowconsidersthatthetimehascometoresumethegoodofficesworkwhichtheCommitteestartedtoundertakein1993.ForthatpurposetheCommitteerequestsitsChairmantotakeupcontactwiththeauthoritiesoftheStatePartyconcernedinordertoexplorethepossibilitiesofreopeningthedialogueforthepeacefulsolutionofissuesconcerningrespectforhumanrightsinKosovo,withparticularemphasisontheeliminationofallformsofracialdiscrimination.2..2TheCommitteewillfurtherconsiderthismatteratitsfortyninthsession.#..(1153rdmeeting#..13March1996&  @.. DeclarationonthesituationofRwanda2..2RecallingitsConcludingObservationsonRwandaadoptedatits'  1039thmeeting,on17March1994,anditsdecision7(46)of16March1995,theCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscriminationconsidersthatthepresenceinRwandaoftheUnitedNationsAssistanceMissionforRwanda(UNAMIR)isofcapitalimportancetoensuretherestorationofpeaceandsecurity,andthenormalizationofpublicinstitutions,aswellastopromoteinternationalcooperationinthequestfornationalconciliationandtherestorationofthesocialfabric.2..2Theexistenceofaconsiderablenumberofdetainedpersonsregardlessoftheirethnicorigin,isalsoamatterofconstantconcernfortheCommittee.ThepersistenceofcertainorgansofthemassmediainRwandainincitingethnicintoleranceanddistrustisacontinuingobstacletotheeffortsforpeace.Tobringthissituationtoanend,theCommitteeconsidersthattheUnitedNationspresenceisessential.2..2ThecurrenteffortsbytheinternationalcommunityinRwandawillnotbesufficienttoestablishlastingpeace,reducethedeepseatedcausesofinstabilityandsecureareturntodemocracyandtheruleoflaw,unlessstructuralmeasuresaretakentosecureagreementontheformofgovernmentacceptabletoallpeopleofRwanda,toguaranteepersonalsecurityforeverybodyandtobuildademocraticsociety.TheCommitteerecommendstheconveningofaconstitutionalconferenceforthatpurpose,involvingallpartiestotheconflict.TheCommitteeisreadytoassistinthepreparationofsuchaconferenceincooperationwithotherhumanrightsbodies,notablytheHighCommissionerforHumanRights.2..2TheCommitteeregretsthewithdrawalofUNAMIRfromRwandaandbelievesthattheSecretaryGeneraloftheUnitedNationsandotherUnitedNationsbodiesshouldkeepunderconstantreviewthesituationinRwanda.#..(1153rdmeeting#..13March1996@..:B.DecisionsadoptedbytheCommitteeatitsfortyninthsession31.2..2Atitsfortyninthsession,theCommitteediscussedunderthisagendaitemthesituationinBurundi,Rwanda,BosniaandHerzegovina,theFederalRepublicofYugoslavia(SerbiaandMontenegro),theformerYugoslavRepublicofMacedonia,Cyprus,Israel,Liberia,andPapuaNewGuinea.TheCommitteeadopteddecisionswithrespecttoBosniaandHerzegovina,CyprusandLiberia,andaresolutiononBurundi.TheactiontakenwithrespecttotheotherStatesPartiesisdescribedbelow.32.2..2WithrespecttoRwanda,theCommitteereiterateditsconcernsexpressedintheDeclarationonthesituationinRwandaadoptedatitsfortyeighthsession,anditalsoreiterateditsregretsatthewithdrawaloftheUNAMIRfromthecountry.TheCommitteereneweditsoffertoassistinthepreparationofaconstitutionalconference,incooperationwithotherhumanrightsbodies.Duringthediscussion,theCommitteecommendedtheactionundertakenbytheHumanRightsFieldOperationinRwandatoassisttherehabilitationofajudicialsysteminthecountry,andappealedforfundsfromtheUnitedNationsanditsMemberStatestofinancetheUnitedNationsactivitiesinRwanda.ItdecidedtokeepthesituationinRwandaonitsagendaunderitsearlywarningmeasuresandurgentprocedures.33.2..2WithrespecttotheFederalRepublicofYugoslavia(SerbiaandMontenegro),theCommitteedecidedtotakenootherformalactioninadditiontothedecisiontakenatthefortyeighthsession.TwomembersoftheCommitteereportedonaninformalmeetingwithrepresentativesoftheFederalRepublicofYugoslavia(SerbiaandMontenegro)concerningthesituationoftheAlbanianpopulationinKosovo.TheCommitteedecidedthatitwouldliketocontinuethedialoguewiththeStatePartyandnotedthesuccessofitspreviousGoodOfficesMissionanditswillingnesstocontinuetoworkwiththeauthorities.ItwasdecidedthatthiscountrywouldremainontheCommittee'slistofcountriestobeconsideredundertheearlywarningmeasuresandurgentproceduresatitsnextsession.34.2..2AfterconsideringthesituationintheformerYugoslavRepublicofMacedonia,theCommitteedecidedthatitwouldwelcomeadditionalinformationfromtheStatePartyandkeepthiscountryontheCommittee'slistofcountriestobeconsideredatitsnextsession.35.2..2WithrespecttoIsrael,theCommitteerecalleditsstatementconcerningIsraeladoptedbytheCommitteeatitsfortysixthsession6/andnotedthataletterhadbeenreceivedfromtheGovernmentofIsraeltotheeffectthatitwillmakeeveryefforttocompleteandsubmititsoverdueperiodicreportswithoutdelay.TheCommitteerequestedthatthisreportbesubmittedintimeforconsiderationatitsfiftiethsessionanddecidedtoremoveIsraelfromthelistofcountriestobeconsideredunderitsearlywarningmeasuresandurgentprocedures.36.2..2WithrespecttothesituationinPapuaNewGuinea,theCommitteedecidedthatsincetherewasnofurtherinformationthattheconflictontheislandofBougainvillewasstillinexistence,itwouldremoveitfromthelistofcountriestobeconsideredunderitsearlywarningmeasuresandurgentprocedures.&  @.. Decision1(49)onBosniaandHerzegovina1.2..2TheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscriminationrecallsits'  earlierdecisionsrelatingtothesituationinBosniaandHerzegovina,aStatePartytotheInternationalConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination,inparticularitsDecisions2(47)and1(48).2.2..2TheCommitteeemphasizestheimportanceofallmeasuresaimingattheestablishmentofapeaceful,democratic,multi-ethnicandpluralistsocietyinBosniaandHerzegovina,thereconstructionofeconomyandthestrengtheningofdemocraticinstitutions,notablyforthepromotionandprotectionofhumanrights,whichareessentialconditionsfortheeffectivefunctioningofthecivilsociety.3.2..2Whilefullyconsciousofthefactthatfree,fairanddemocraticelectionsareanimportantmeanstolaythefoundationforrepresentativegovernmentandtohelpensuringtheprogressiveachievementofdemocraticgoalsthroughoutBosniaandHerzegovina,theCommitteeexpressesitsseriouspreoccupationsandfearthatasaresultoftheactualdeficienciesintheprocessofvoterregistration,practicesofintimidation,restrictionsonthefreedomsofassociationandexpression,andabusesofthemedia,theholdingofelections-importantandadvisableastheyare-mayunderthepresentcircumstancesreinforcepatternsofethnicsegregationandethnicdivisioncontrarytothethrustandthebasicprinciplesoftheInternationalConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination.4.2..2TheCommitteeurgesallpartiestotheGeneralFrameworkAgreementforPeaceinBosniaandHerzegovinatocomplywiththeirobligationtocooperatefullywiththeInternationalCriminalTribunalfortheFormerYugoslaviainfulfillingitsmajortaskofbringingtojusticeallpersonsguiltyoftheseriouscrimesfallingwithinitsjurisdictionandinparticulartoexecuteforthwithallwarrantsofarrestandexpeditethetransferofthepersonsindictedbytheTribunal.5.2..2TheCommitteeurgentlyappealstoallauthoritiestoguarantee,inconformitywithArticle5,paragraph(b),oftheConvention,toallpersonsundertheirjurisdiction,withoutdistinctionastonationalorethnicorigin,therightstosecurityofpersonandprotectionagainstviolenceorbodilyharm,andtotakeappropriatemeasuresagainstindividualsandinstitutionsviolatingtheserights.6.2..2TheCommitteereiteratesits