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(G_UNLOGO1.WPG _ C)  Rl@..$    ڄ z C)  )8 8 #)  @ .$    ڄ($    / | e$  882    .GeneralAssemblyresolution44/25,annex.("2׻$ !UKUS.,  TRY3'3' 3' Letter3'TX  +88   {?s { fXC @ $#C--$882 X$  ++Ӏ  0  / u e$  882    .A/CONF.157/24(PartI),chap.III. i e$  882    .E/CN.4/1994/91,annex. e$  882    .OfficialRecordsoftheEconomicandSocialCouncil,1994,SupplementNo.4(E/1994/24andCorr.1),chap.II,sect.A,resolution1994/91. m e$  882    .Ibid.,resolution1994/90. l e$  882    .CRC/C/24,paras.159-161. } e$  882    .GeneralAssemblyresolution34/180,annex. k C)  882   @ .$    ڄ k C)  882   @ .$    ڄ k C)  882   @ .$    ڄ k C)  882   @ .$    ڄ k C)  882   @ .$    ڄ k C)  882   @ .$    ڄ k C)  882   @ .$    ڄ e$  88    .OfficialRecordsoftheGeneralAssembly,FortyninthSession,SupplementNo.41(A/49/41),paras.425445. i e$  88    .Ibid.,paras.554559. k C)  88   @ .$    ڄ dTable_A k C)  882   @ .$    ڄ J'  (  X 882   j={YIEz|  p @@j H"  ^882   @X .    ڄTable_B  5u{13Right-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)3|d) `CG Timesc PE37P<6X9`(Courierd6X@`7@) `CG Times PE37P* `CG Timesxx PE37xP* `CG Times PE37P) `CG TimesO PE37P<6X9`(CourierMP6X@`7@($UKUS.,  TRY3'3' 3' Letter3'TX  +88   {?s { fXC @ $#C--$882 X$# e37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)w|)h) !UKUS.,  TRY3'3' 3' Letter3'TX  +88   {?s { fXC @ $ C--$882 X$  [ 8hX88$$$$Z% {?sA/51/41=]TD@z 8 X ` @@ELOOLO߈     r  { UnitedNations   ] Q  #aPddxXx r^xXxxxXReportoftheCommitteeontheRights  oftheChild^r x^xXr  ^r#dPaPGeneralAssembly   r^OfficialRecords^ {^ {^ { {^ԀFiftyfirstSession   SupplementNo.41(A/51/41)  C7  E) `CG TimesE    M A/51/41    E) `CG TimesEReportoftheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild#dPE^* `CG TimesEGeneralAssembly  OfficialRecordsE) `CG TimesEE^* `CG TimesEԀFiftyfirstSessionSupplementNo.41(A/51/41) * b=`QA=z (  ` @@b - UnitedNationsE) `CG TimesEE^* `CG TimesEԀNewYork,1996  E) `CG TimesERl 4  4    @.. NOTESymbolsofUnitedNationsdocumentsarecomposedofcapitalletterscombinedwithfigures.MentionofsuchasymbolindicatesareferencetoaUnitedNationsdocument. #/ @..ISSN1020-1823#dd A UK     \R3'\ X      + 8  8 C?<6X9`(CourierCS @ $ 1.(a)(i) a.(1)(a) i) a)Sa882   )  #..[Original:English]#..[18June1996]@..\CONTENTS 88tChaptert..tParagraphs󀀀Page   , )8 8 #) .I.0 .CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONSADOPTEDBYTHE . .COMMITTEEONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILDATITSSIXTHTO . .ELEVENTHSESSIONS................................................# ."1 . .A. .Informalregionalmeetings...................................# ."1 . .B. .Publicinformationactivities................................# ."2 . .C. .RelationswithotherUnitedNationsorgansand . . .treatybodies................................................# ."2 . .D. .Advisoryservicesandtechnicalassistance...................# ."8 .II. .ORGANIZATIONALANDOTHERMATTERS..................... .16# .L"10 . .A. .StatespartiestotheConvention................. . .1# .L"10 . .B. .SessionsoftheCommittee........................ . .2# .L"10 . .C. .MembershipandofficersoftheCommittee......... . .35# .L"10 . .D. .Adoptionofthereport........................... . .6# .L"11 .4III. .REPORTSBYSTATESPARTIESUNDERARTICLE44OFTHE . .CONVENTION........................................... .71035# .L"12 . .A. .Submissionofreports............................ . .7# .L"12 . .B. .Considerationofreports......................... . .81035# .L"12 .IV. .OVERVIEWOFTHEOTHERACTIVITIESOFTHECOMMITTEE....10361148# .!144 . .A. .Methodsofwork..................................10361048# .!144 . .B. .Publicinformationactivitiesandeducationon . .children'srights................................10491051# .!146 . .C. .Internationalcooperationandsolidarityforthe . . .implementationoftheConvention.................10521075# .!146 . .D. .Generalthematicdiscussions.....................10761148# .!150@ .Annexes .I. .StatesthathaveratifiedoraccededtotheConventiononthe . .RightsoftheChildasat26January1996........................# .!163 .II. .MembershipoftheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild...........# .!168 .4III. .StatusofsubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesunderarticle44 . .oftheConventionontheRightsoftheChildasat26January1996# .!169+   A UK     \R3'\ X      +C?<6X9`(CourierCS @ $ 1.(a)(i) a.(1)(a) i) a)Sb882   @ .( I.CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONSADOPTEDBYTHE@ .( COMMITTEEONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILDATITS@ .( SIXTHTOELEVENTHSESSIONS@ .A.Informalregionalmeetings@ .z Seventhsession,recommendation2@ .Informalregionalmeetings2 .2TheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,2 .2ReaffirmingthedecisiveroleregionalmeetingscanplayinpromotinggreaterawarenessoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild d   ׀andoftheworkoftheCommittee,aswellasprovidingthemembersoftheCommitteewithadeeperknowledgeandbetterunderstandingoftherealitiesofagivenregion,2 .2ConvincedoftherelevanceofthesemeetingsforenhancinginternationalcooperationandjointeffortsbetweenUnitedNationsbodies,thespecializedagenciesandothercompetentbodiesactiveinthefieldoftherightsofthechild,2 .2Reiteratingtheimportanceoftheparticipationinsuchmeetingsofnon-governmentalorganizationsactiveinthefieldoftherightsofthechild,2 .2RecallingthattheimplementationoftheConventionisadynamicandcontinuousprocess,designedtoensuretherealizationofthefundamentalrightsofchildrenandtheprogressiveimprovementoftheirsituation,2 .2RecognizingthatinformalregionalmeetingsareofthegreatestrelevancetoachieveuniversalratificationoftheConvention,aswellasitseffectiveimplementation,asrecommendedbytheWorldConferenceonHumanRights,2 .2WelcomingtherichnessanddiversityoftheexperiencesgainedinitsvisittodifferentAfricancountries,inthecourseofitsthirdregionalinformalmeeting,2 .21. .Reaffirmsthedecisiveroleofinformalregionalmeetingsincontributingtoawiderpromotionoftherightsofthechild;2 .22. .Welcomesthepossibilityofcontinuingtoholdinformalregionalmeetings,aswellasofundertakingfuturetripsbysomeofitsmemberstoparticularcountries,withaviewtoencouraginguniversalratificationoftheConvention,contributingtoitseffectiveimplementationand,wheneverappropriate,ensuringafollow-uptotheconsiderationofaStatepartyreportbytheCommittee.&  @ .z B.Publicinformationactivities@ . Sixthsession,recommendation1@ .tDisseminationofinformation2 .2TheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,'  2 .2RecognizingtheimportanceoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild1/andthepoliticalcommitmentexpressedtowardsitseffectiveimplementationbytheunprecedentednumberofratifications,2 .2RecallingthattheWorldConferenceonHumanRights,initsfinaldocument, f   ׀urgedtheuniversalratificationoftheConventionby1995anditseffectiveimplementationbyStatesparties,2 .2RecallingalsothehighexpectationsfortheeffectivefunctioningoftheCommitteeasanessentialmechanismfortheimplementationoftheConvention,2 .2RecognizingtheimportanceofpromotinggreaterawarenessoftheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,aswellasofitsimplementationsystem,includingtheactivitiesdevelopedbytheCommitteeasatreatymonitoringbody,2 .2DecidestorequesttheSecretary-GeneraltoensurethetranslationofthereportsoftheCommitteeoneachofitssessionsintotheofficiallanguagesoftheUnitedNations.@ .( C.RelationswithotherUnitedNationsorgansand@ .( treatybodies󀀀@ . 1.Childreninarmedconflicts@ . (a)Sixthsession,recommendation2@ . CooperationwithUnitedNationsbodiesChildrenin@ .armedconflicts2 .2TheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,2 .2Recallingitsgeneraldiscussiononthetopic"Childreninarmedconflicts"andtherecommendationsadoptedthereon,2 .2TakingintoconsiderationtheseriousattentionpaidbytheGeneralAssemblyandtheCommissiononHumanRightstothisquestionandtheimportantresolutionsadoptedinthisfield,2 .2EncouragedbythesupportexpressedbytheWorldConferenceonHumanRightstotheCommittee'sproposalthattheSecretary-Generalinitiateastudyofmeansofimprovingtheprotectionofchildreninarmedconflicts,2 .2TakingnoteoftherequestaddressedtoitbytheWorldConferenceonHumanRightstostudythequestionofraisingtheminimumageofrecruitmentintothearmedforces,2 .2HavingsubmittedtotheCommissiononHumanRightsatitsfiftiethsessionthepreliminarydraftoptionalprotocoltheCommitteehadpreparedonthisissueatitsthirdsession, g   ̀2 .21. .WelcomesthedecisionoftheCommissiononHumanRightstoestablishanopen-endedworkinggrouptoelaborateasamatterofpriorityadraftoptionalprotocoltotheConventionontheRightsoftheChild1/andtouseasabasisforitsdiscussionsthepreliminarydraftsubmittedbytheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild;2 .22. .Decidestosubmit,inthelightoftheinvitationaddressedtoitbytheSecretary-General,itscommentsonthisimportantissue,forconsiderationbytheworkinggroup;2 .23. .Alsodecidestopreparesuchcommentsinthelightofthethematicgeneraldiscussionithadpreviouslyheldonthequestionof"Childreninarmedconflicts"andtomakeavailabletotheworkinggrouptherelevantchaptersofitsreportsonthissameissue.@ . (b)Seventhsession,recommendation12 .2TheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,2 .22 .2Recallingitsgeneraldiscussiononthetopic"Childreninarmedconflicts"andtherecommendationsadoptedthereon,2 .2TakingintoconsiderationtheattentionpaidbytheGeneralAssemblyandtheCommissiononHumanRightstothisquestion,2 .2RecallingthedecisionoftheCommissiononHumanRights h   ׀toestablishaworkinggrouptoelaborateadraftoptionalprotocoltotheConventionontheRightsoftheChild1/ontheinvolvementofchildreninarmedconflicts,andtouseasabasisforitsdiscussionsthepreliminarydraftsubmittedbytheCommittee,2 .2RecallingalsothesupportexpressedbytheWorldConferenceonHumanRightsfortheCommittee'srecommendationthatamajorstudybeinitiatedonthemeansofimprovingtheprotectionofchildreninarmedconflicts,2 .2TakingintoconsiderationGeneralAssemblyresolution48/157of20December1993,inwhichtheAssemblyrequestedtheSecretary-Generaltoappointanexperttoundertakeacomprehensivestudyofthisquestion,2 .21. .WelcomestheappointmentofMrs.Gra aMachelastheexpertentrustedwiththetaskofcarryingoutthisstudy;2 .22. .AlsowelcomestheopportunityofmeetingMrs.Machelandexchangeviewswithheronthemainareastobecoveredbythestudy;2 .23. .DecidestocooperatecloselywithMrs.Machelinthepreparationofthismajorstudy.̇@ . 2.Sixthsession,recommendation3@ .Saleofchildren,childprostitutionandchildpornography2 .2TheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,2 .2Recallingitsgeneraldiscussionon"Economicexploitationofchildren"andtherecommendationsadoptedthereon,2 .2HavingconsideredtheattentionpaidbytheGeneralAssemblyandtheCommissiononHumanRightstothequestionofthesaleofchildren,childprostitutionandchildpornographyandtheresolutionsadoptedbytheminthisfield,2 .2TakingnoteoftheadoptionbytheCommissiononHumanRightsofresolution1994/90of9March1994entitled"Needtoadopteffectiveinternationalmeasuresforthepreventionanderadicationofthesaleofchildren,childprostitutionandchildpornography", i   2 .2EncouragedthattheCommissiononHumanRightsinitsresolutionrecognizedtheessentialvalueoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild1/anditseffectiveimplementationsystematthenationalandinternationallevelsasanessentialmeanstopreventandcombatsituationsofsaleofchildren,childprostitutionandchildpornography,2 .2EncouragedalsobytheappealtoallStatesmadeintheresolutiontoadoptthenecessarymeasurestoeradicatemoreeffectivelythepracticesofthesaleofchildren,childprostitutionandchildpornography,2 .2RecallingtheconsiderationgivenbytheCommitteetoGeneralAssemblyresolution48/156of20December1993onthesameissue,asreflectedinthereportoftheCommitteeatitsfifthsession, j   ׀2 .2RecallingalsotheimportanceitattachestoensuringclosecooperationwiththeSpecialRapporteuronthesaleofchildren,childprostitutionandchildpornographyandtothevariousmeetingsheldwithhimtoexchangeviewsonmattersofcommonconcern,2 .21. .TakesnoteofthedecisionoftheCommissiononHumanRights5/toestablishanopen-endedworkinggroupresponsibleforelaborating,asamatterofpriority,inclosecooperationwiththeSpecialRapporteurandtheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,guidelinesforapossibledraftoptionalprotocoltotheConventionontheRightsoftheChildonthesaleofchildren,childprostitutionandchildpornography,aswellasthebasicmeasuresneededfortheirpreventionanderadication;2 .22. .Decidestosubmit,inthelightoftheinvitationaddressedtoitbytheSecretary-General,itscommentsonguidelinesforapossibledraftoptionalprotocolforconsiderationbytheworkinggroup;2 .23. .Alsodecidestopreparesuchcommentsinthelightofthethematicgeneraldiscussionheldon"Economicexploitationofchildren"andtomakeavailabletotheworkinggrouptherelevantchaptersofitsreportsonthisissue,inordertoensurethatdueconsiderationisgivenbytheworkinggrouptotherecommendationsincludedtherein;2 .24. .ReaffirmstheimportantframeworkestablishedbytheConventiontodealwithsituationsofthesaleofchildren,childprostitutionandchildpornography,andinparticularinordertoimprovethesystemofprevention,aswellastheprotectionandrehabilitationofchildren,atthenational,bilateralandmultilaterallevels;2 .25. .RecallsthattheWorldConferenceonHumanRightsintheViennaDeclarationandProgrammeofAction2/calleduponStatestointegratetheConventionintotheirnationalactionplans;2 .26. .StressesthedecisivepoliticalcommitmentexpressedbyanunprecedentednumberofStatestotheeffectiveimplementationoftheConvention;2 .27. .ReaffirmsthatStatespartiesshouldadoptallappropriatemeasurestoensureandrespecttherightsrecognizedintheConventiontoeachchildwithoutdiscriminationofanykind,thebestinterestsofthechildbeingtheirprimaryconsiderationanddueweightbeinggiventotheviewsexpressedbythechild;2 .28. .Stressesthatthechildaffectedbysituationsofsale,prostitutionandpornographyshouldbeconsideredmainlyasavictimandthatallmeasuresadoptedshouldensurefullrespectforhisorherhumandignity,aswellasspecialprotectionandsupportwithinthefamilyandsociety;2 .29. .Encouragestheworkinggroup,withintheframeworkofitsmandate,toconsidertheholisticapproachoftheConventiontothefundamentalrightsofthechildren,asacontinuoussourceofinspiration;2 .210. .ExpressesthehopethattheactivitiesdevelopedbytheCommittee,inparticularinthefieldofthesaleofchildren,childprostitutionandchildpornography,willbegivendueweightbytheworkinggroup.@ .` 3.ParticipationandcontributiontotheFourthWorld@ .` ConferenceonWomen:ActionforEquality,@ .` DevelopmentandPeace󀀀@ . (a)Eighthsession,recommendation2 .2TheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,2 .2RecognizingtheimportanceofmaintainingeffectivecommunicationandmeaningfuldialoguewithUnitedNationsbodiesactiveinthefieldofhumanrightsingeneralandchildren'srightsinparticular,2 .2ConsideringtheneedtoensureitsactiveparticipationinactivitiesofrelevancetoitsworkwhicharetakingplacewithintheframeworkoftheUnitedNationssystem-wideaction,2 .2Recallingitspreviousdecisiontoberepresentedat,andactivelycontributeto,thepreparatoryprocessoftheFourthWorldConferenceonWomen:ActionforEquality,DevelopmentandPeace,totakeplaceatBeijinginSeptember1995,2 .2Encouragedbytherichnessofthedebateheldatitseighthsessionduringitsthematicdayofgeneraldiscussiononthegirlchild,2 .2ReaffirmingtheimportanceoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild1/andofitsimplementationprocessindecisivelyimprovingthesituationofgirlsaroundtheworldandensuringthefullrealizationoftheirfundamentalrights,2 .2Recallingthat,asstressedbytheWorldConferenceonHumanRights,thehumanrightsofwomenandthegirlchildareaninalienable,integralandindivisiblepartofhumanrights,2 .2RecallingalsothattheConventionontheRightsoftheChildandtheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen k   haveacomplementaryandmutuallyreinforcingnature,andrecommendingthattheyshouldbeanessentialframeworkforaforward-lookingstrategytopromoteandprotectthefundamentalrightsofgirlsandwomenanddecisivelytoeradicateinequalityanddiscrimination,2 .21. .ReaffirmsitsdecisiontoparticipateintheFourthWorldConferenceonWomen:ActionforEquality,DevelopmentandPeace,totakeplaceatBeijinginSeptember1995,andrequeststheSecretariattoadoptallnecessarymeasurestoallowforsuchparticipation;2 .22. .Decidestotransmitthecontentofthegeneraldiscussiononthegirlchild,asreflectedinthereportofitseighthsession,tothesecretariatoftheFourthWorldConferenceonWomen;2 .23. .RequeststhattheplatformforactionfortheConferencereflectthroughoutitsdifferentchaptersthesituationandthefundamentalrightsofthegirlchild,namelyintheareasspecificallyaddressedduringthegeneraldiscussionoftheCommittee,asreflectedinthereportofitseighthsession;2 .24. .AlsorequeststhattheCommitteebeclearlyconsideredasanessentialmechanismwithintheframeworkoftheinternationalmachinerythatwillbeentrustedwiththetaskofmonitoringandperiodicallyreviewingtheimplementationoftheplatformforaction.@ .H (b)Ninthsession,recommendation2 .2TheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,2 .2ReaffirmingtheimportanceitattachestomaintainingeffectivecooperationandmeaningfuldialoguewithUnitedNationsbodiesactiveinthefieldofhumanrightsingeneralandchildren'srightsinparticular,2 .2RecognizingtheneedtoensureitsactiveparticipationinactivitiesofrelevancetoitsworkwhicharetakingplacewithintheframeworkoftheUnitedNationssystem-wideaction,2 .2Recallingthat,asstressedbytheWorldConferenceonHumanRights,thehumanrightsofwomenandthegirlchildareaninalienable,integralandindivisiblepartofhumanrights,andshouldbeintegratedintothemainstreamofUnitedNationssystem-wideactivityandregularlyandsystematicallyaddressedthroughouttherelevantUnitedNationsorgansandmechanisms,̇2 .2RecallingalsothattheConventionontheRightsoftheChild1/andtheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen7/haveacomplementaryandmutuallyreinforcingnature,andthattheyconstituteanessentialframeworkforaforward-lookingstrategytopromoteandprotectthefundamentalrightsofgirlsandwomenanddecisivelytoeradicateinequalityanddiscrimination,2 .21. .Reiteratesitsdecisiontoberepresentedat,andactivelycontributeto,theFourthWorldConferenceonWomen:ActionforEquality,DevelopmentandPeace;2 .22. .DecidestoberepresentedbytwoofitsmembersandurgestheSecretariattoadoptallnecessarymeasurestoensuretheirparticipation;2 .23. .Alsodecidestocontinuetofollowcloselythedraftingprocessoftheplatformforactionwithaviewtoensuringthatthesituationandthefundamentalrightsofthegirlchildareclearlyreflectedthroughoutthedocumentandadequatelyaddressedintherelevantseparatechapterincludedtherein;2 .24. .ReaffirmstheimportanceofalsoincludingtheCommitteeasanessentialmechanismwithintheframeworkoftheinternationalmachinerytobeentrustedwiththetaskofmonitoringandperiodicallyreviewingtheimplementationoftheplatformforaction.@ .( 4.UnitedNationsConferenceonHumanSettlements@ .( (HabitatII)@ . Eleventhsession,recommendation2 .2TheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,2 .2ReaffirmingtheimportanceitattachestomaintainingeffectivecooperationandmeaningfuldialoguewithUnitedNationsbodiesactiveinthefieldofhumanrightsandinareasofimportancetotherealizationofchildren'srights,2 .2RecognizingtheneedtoensureitsactiveparticipationinactivitiesofrelevancetoitsworkwhicharetakingplacewithintheframeworkoftheUnitedNationssystemwideaction,2 .2StressingtheimportanceofensuringtheinvolvementoftheCommitteeintheUnitedNationsConferenceonHumanSettlements(HabitatII)andinitspreparatoryprocess,2 .2Recallingtheimportanceoftherighttohousingasanillustrationoftheindivisibilityandinterdependenceofchildren'shumanrights,2 .21. .WelcomestheparticipationoftheCommitteeintheExpertGroupMeetingontheHumanRighttoAdequateHousing,organizedbytheCentreforHumanRightsandtheUnitedNationsCentreforHumanSettlements(Habitat)aswellastheattentionpaidbytheMeetingtothespecificsituationofchildren;2 .22. .AlsowelcomesthedecisionoftheUnitedNationsChildren'sFundtoorganize,incooperationwiththeUnitedNationsCentreforHumanSettlements(Habitat),anexpertseminaronchildren'srights,housingandneighbourhood,whichwilltakeasabasicreferencetheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild;1/2 .23. .DecidestoberepresentedbyoneofitsmembersandurgestheSecretariattoadoptallnecessarymeasurestoensuresuchparticipation;2 .24. .AlsodecidestosubmitawrittencontributiontotheUnitedNationsConferenceonHumanSettlements(HabitatII)andtofollowcloselythedraftingprocessoftheHabitatagendawithaviewtoensuringthatthesituationandthefundamentalrighttoanadequatehousingofchildrenareclearlyreflectedinthedocument;2 .25. .StressestheimportanceofensuringtheparticipationofajointdelegationofhumanrightstreatybodiesintheConferenceasameanstoreinforcethehumanrightscomponentinthedeliberationsofandfollowuptotheConference.@ . D.Advisoryservicesandtechnicalassistance@ .z Seventhsession,recommendation3@ . Advisoryservicesandtechnicalassistance2 .2TheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,2 .2RecognizingthedecisiveroleoftheprogrammeofadvisoryservicesandtechnicalassistanceoftheCentreforHumanRightsinthepromotionofhumanrightsingeneralandchildren'srightsinparticular,2 .2Recognizingalsothat,asstressedbytheWorldConferenceonHumanRights,suchassistanceshouldbemadeavailableonspecifichumanrightsissues,asinthecaseofthepreparationofreportsunderhumanrightstreaties,fortheimplementationofcoherentandcomprehensiveplansofactionforthepromotionandprotectionofhumanrightsorwithaviewtostrengtheninganindependentadministrationofjustice,inthelightofapplicablehumanrightsstandardsadoptedbytheUnitedNations,̀2 .2Recallingtheimportanceithassystematicallyattached,inthelightofarticle45oftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,1/totheareasoftechnicaladviceorassistancedesignedtopromoteagrowingawarenessandamoreeffectiveimplementationofthisinternationalinstrument,2 .2Reaffirmingtheimportanceofidentifyingspecificareaswheretechnicaladviceorassistanceprogrammeswouldseemappropriate,followingtheconsiderationofaStatepartyreport,aswellasofensuringasystemofperiodicevaluationandfollow-uptosuchprogrammes,2 .21. .ReaffirmsitswillingnesstocontinuetocooperatewiththeCentreforHumanRights,otherrelevantbodieswithintheUnitedNationssystemaswellasothercompetentbodies,includingnon-governmentalorganizations;2 .22. .WelcomestheinvitationaddressedbytheCommissiononHumanRightstohumanrightsbodies,includingtheCommittee,toindicateintheirrecommendationsproposalsforspecificprojectstoberealizedundertheprogrammeoftechnicalassistanceandadvisoryservicesoftheCentreforHumanRights,suchastheorganizationofseminarsandtrainingcoursesandthedraftingofbasiclegaltextsinconformitywithinternationalconventionsonhumanrights;2 .23. .DecidestocontinueidentifyingthemainareaswheretechnicaladviceorassistancewouldseemappropriatetofostertheimplementationoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChildandtoindicatetheminthepreliminaryorconcludingobservationsadoptedfollowingtheconsiderationofStatespartiesreports;2 .24. .Alsodecidestobringtherecommendationsitmayadoptinthisregardtotheconsiderationoftheconcernedbodies,includingUnitedNationsorgans,thespecializedagenciesandothercompetentbodies,aswellastotheprogrammeoftechnicalassistanceandadvisoryservicesoftheCentreforHumanRights.@ . II.ORGANIZATIONALANDOTHERMATTERS@ . A.StatespartiestotheConvention .21.3  2 .2Asat26January1996,theclosingdateoftheeleventhsessionofthe  CommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,therewere187StatespartiestotheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.TheConventionwasadoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyinresolution44/25of20November1989andopenedforsignatureandratificationoraccessioninNewYorkon26January1990.Itenteredintoforceon2September1990,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofitsarticle49.AlistofStatesthathavesigned,ratifiedoraccededtotheConventioniscontainedinannexItothepresentreport.@ .BB.SessionsoftheCommittee  22.3  2 .2TheCommitteehasheldsixsessionssincetheadoptionofitspreviousbiennialreport.ThereportsoftheCommitteeonitssixth(special),seventh,eighth,tenthandeleventhsessionsarecontainedindocumentsCRC/C/29,CRC/C/34,CRC/C/38,CRC/C/43,CRC/C/46andCRC/C/50,respectively.@ .T C.MembershipandofficersoftheCommittee  23.3  2 .2Inaccordancewitharticle43oftheConvention,theFifthMeetingoftheStatesPartiestotheConventionwasconvenedon21February1995atUnitedNationsHeadquarters.ThefollowingfivemembersoftheCommitteewereelectedforatermoffouryearsbeginningon28February1995:Mrs.AkilaBelembaogo,Mr.ThomasHammarberg,Mrs.JudithKarp,Mr.YouriKolosovandMs.SandraPrunellaMason.ThelistofthemembersoftheCommittee,togetherwithanindicationofthedurationoftheirtermofoffice,appearsinannexIItothepresentreport.  24.3  2 .2TheofficerselectedbytheCommitteeatitsfourthsessioncontinuedtoholdofficeatthesixth,seventhandeighthsessions.TheywereMrs.HodaBadran(Egypt),Chairperson;Mrs.AkilaBelembaogo(BurkinaFaso),Mr.ThomasHammarberg(Sweden)andMs.SandraPrunellaMason(Barbados),Vice-Chairpersons;andMrs.MartaSantosPais(Portugal),Rapporteur.  25.3  2 .2Atits211thmeeting,on22May1995,theCommitteeelectedthefollowingofficersforatermoftwoyearsinaccordancewithrule16ofitsprovisionalrulesofprocedure:2 .2Chairperson:Mrs.AkilaBelembaogo(BurkinaFaso)2 .2Vice-Chairpersons:Mrs.FloraC.Eufemio(Philippines)2 .2 . .  .  . Mr.ThomasHammarberg(Sweden)2 .2 . .  .  . Mrs.MariliaSardenberg(Brazil)2 .2Rapporteur:Mrs.MartaSantosPais(Portugal)  &  @ .D.Adoptionofthereport26.3  2 .2Atits287thmeeting,on26January1996,theCommitteeconsideredthedraftofitsthirdbiennialreport,coveringitsactivitiesatthesixthtoeleventhsessions.ThereportwasadoptedunanimouslybytheCommittee.'  A UK     \R3'\ X      +C?<6X9`(CourierCS @ $ 1.(a)(i) a.(1)(a) i) a)Sl882   ݀III.REPORTSBYSTATESPARTIESUNDERARTICLE44̀OFTHECONVENTION@ . A.SubmissionofreportsS @ $ 1.(a)(i) a.(1)(a) i) a)S27.3  2 .2ThestatusofsubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesunderarticle44oftheConventionasat26January1966,theclosingdateoftheeleventhsessionoftheCommittee,appearsinannexIIItothepresentreport.@ .tB.Considerationofreports28.3  2 .2Duringitssixthtoeleventhsessions,theCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportsofArgentina,Belgium,BurkinaFaso,Canada,Chile,Colombia,Croatia,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,HolySee,Honduras,Iceland,Indonesia,Italy,Jamaica,Jordan,Madagascar,Mongolia,Nicaragua,Norway,Pakistan,Paraguay,Philippines,Poland,Portugal,RepublicofKorea,Senegal,Spain,SriLanka,Tunisia,Ukraine,UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,YemenandYugoslavia.29.3  2 .2Thefollowingsection,arrangedonacountrybycountrybasisaccordingtothesequencefollowedbytheCommitteeinitsconsiderationofreportsatitssixthtoeleventhsessions,containsconcludingobservationsreflectingthemainpointsofthediscussionandindicating,wherenecessary,issuesthatwouldrequireaspecificfollowup.210.3  2 .2MoredetailedinformationiscontainedinthereportssubmittedbytheStatespartiesandinthesummaryrecordsoftherelevantmeetingsoftheCommittee.@ . 1.Concludingobservations:Pakistan211.3  2 .2TheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofPakistan(CRC/C/3/Add.13)atits132ndto134thmeetings(CRC/C/SR.132134),on5and6April1994,andadopted,atits156thmeeting,on22April1994,thefollowingconcludingobservations.(a)2 .2Introduction212.3  2 .2TheCommitteenotestheStateparty'searlyratificationoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChildanditsroleasoneofthesixinitiatorsoftheWorldSummitforChildrenin1990,whichwasessentialtothepromotionandprotectionofchildren'srights.213.3  2 .2TheCommitteewelcomesthefactthatwrittenresponseswereprovidedtothequestionsraisedbytheCommitteebeforethesession.ItregretsthattheStatepartyreportwasnotpreparedinaccordancewiththeguidelinesonreporting.214.3  2 .2Onthebasisofinformationprovidedintheinitialreportandfromthedialogueensuingfromitsconsideration,theCommitteefeelsthatexistinglegislativeandothermeasuresarenotsufficienttoensuretheimplementationoftheConvention.Atthesametime,theCommitteetakesnoteofthestatementsmadebytheStatepartyrepresentativethatfurthereffortswillbemadetoaddressproblemsraisedbytheCommittee.Inviewofthis,theCommitteerequeststhataprogressreportbesubmittedbeforetheendof1996.(b)2 .2Positivefactors215.3  2 .2TheCommitteewelcomesthefactthatanationalconferencewasorganizedinDecember1991todiscusspriorityareasofsurvival,protectionanddevelopmentofchildren.Ithastakennotewithappreciationofthe"IslamabadDeclaration"adoptedatthatconference.216.3  2 .2TheCommitteenoteswithsatisfactionthepositivesupportandencouragementtheGovernmentisgivingtotheSouthAsianAssociationforRegionalCooperation(SAARC)DecadefortheGirlChild.217.3  2 .2TheCommitteewelcomesthecommentsmadebytheStateparty'sdelegationontheimportanceitattachestotheguidanceofferedbytheCommitteeastothestepstobetakentoimplementeffectivelytheConventionwiththeassistanceof,amongothers,internationalbodiesandagenciesandnon-governmentalorganizations.(c)2 .2FactorsanddifficultiesimpedingtheimplementationoftheConvention218.3  2 .2TheCommitteeisawarethattherateofpopulationgrowthinPakistanishighandthatalmosthalfthepopulationisunder18.Italsonotesthateconomicconditionshavenotbeenfavourableandpercapitaincomeisrelativelylow.Theinfluxofmorethan3millionrefugeesfromAfghanistanhasplacedafurtherstrainonresources.OtherdifficultiesnotedbytheCommitteerelatetothehighlevelofilliteracyandtheexistenceoftraditionalcustomsandvalueswhichhavedelayedeffortstocombatdiscriminationagainstgirls.(d)2 .2Principalsubjectsofconcern219.3  2 .2TheCommitteeisoftheopinionthatthebroadandimprecisenatureofthereservationmadetotheConventionraisesdeepconcernastoitscompatibilitywiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConvention.220.3  2 .2TheCommitteeisoftheviewthatdueregardmaynothavebeenaccordedinthepreparationofthereporttothepossibilityofconductingacomprehensiveoverviewoftheexistingsituationwithregardtotherealizationoftherightsofthechildsoastoprovidethebasisforcarefullytargetedstrategies,includingtheestablishmentofpriorities,aswellasformonitoringprogressmade.NorisitcleartowhatextenttheprocessofreviewingthesituationofchildreninPakistanwasdesignedtoencourageandfacilitatepopularparticipationandpublicscrutinyofgovernmentpolicies.221.3  2 .2TheCommitteealsotakesnoteofthecomplexitiesarisingfromthefederalstructureofgovernmentwithregardtothedelineationofresponsibilitiesbetweenthefederalandprovinciallevels;thelackofadministrativecoordinationappearstobeaseriousproblem.Anotherareaofconcernisthelackofconsistencyandclaritybetweensomeofthelawsandtheirapplicationwithinandbetweentheprovinces.222.3  2 .2WhiletheCommitteetakesnoteoftheStateparty'sstatementthatmuchofthenationallegislationisnotincontradictionwiththerightsofthechildascontainedintheConvention,itisconcernedthatseveralrightsarenotrecognizedinnationallaw.Inparticular,thelegislationdoesnotappeartoensurethatallchildren,includingnon-citizens,areprotectedbytherightsguaranteedundertheConvention.Inaddition,theCommitteenotesthenon-compatibilityofcertainareasofnationallegislationwiththeprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConvention,includingthepunishmentoffloggingandthedeathpenaltyandlifeimprisonmentforchildrenbelowtheageof18.223.3  2 .2TheCommitteeisconcernedthatinsufficientattentionseemstohavebeenpaidtotheprovisionsofarticle4oftheConvention,namelyinthefieldofbudgetaryallocationsandinviewofthedivisionofresponsibilitiesbetweenthefederalandprovinciallevels.TheCommitteenotesthatinternationalagencieshavequestionedthepresentbalanceofresourceallocationsintheStatepartybetweenthesocialandothersectors,includingdefence.224.3  2 .2TheCommitteeexpressesitsconcernabouttheapparentlowlevelofawarenessamongstthegeneralpublic,includingchildren,andprofessionalsastotheprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConvention.225.3  2 .2TheCommitteeobservesthatsufficientattentiondoesnotappeartohavebeengiventotheimplementationofthegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention,namelyitsarticles2,3,6and12,inguidingthemeasurestobetakentomakealltherightsofthechildareality.226.3  2 .2TheCommitteeisdeeplyconcernedatthesituationofgirlchildrenasregards,ontheonehand,theeffectoflegislationinplace,measuresadopted,andpracticesandcustomsthatservetodiscriminateagainstgirlchildren,suchasearlymarriage,and,ontheotherhand,theinsufficientattentionaccordedtotheirschooling.227.3  2 .2DiscriminationagainstdisabledchildrenisalsoamatterofconcerntotheCommittee.228.3  2 .2TheCommitteeisconcernedtonotethatnationalhealthplansappeartoemphasizethetrainingofdoctorsratherthannursesandotherhealthpersonnel,includingparamedics.Itsattentionhasalsobeendrawntotheapparentlackofacleardivisionofresponsibilitiesbetweentheprovincialandfederallevelsforthedevelopmentofastrongprimaryhealth-caresystem.229.3  2 .2TheCommitteeisseriouslyconcernedabouttheeffectivenessofmeasurestoattainthegoalofprimaryeducationforall,particularlyforgirls.230.3  2 .2TheCommitteeemphasizesthatitisverymuchconcernedaboutthesystemofadministrationofjuvenilejusticeanditsnon-compatibilitywiththeprovisionsoftheConvention,includingarticles37,39and40,andotherrelevantUnitedNationstandardsinthisfield,namelytheUnitedNationsStandardMinimumRulesfortheAdministrationofJuvenileJustice(TheBeijingRules),theUnitedNationsGuidelinesforthePreventionofJuvenileDelinquency(TheRiyadhGuidelines)andtheUnitedNationsRulesfortheProtectionofJuvenilesDeprivedoftheirLiberty.231.3  2 .2TheCommitteeisseriouslyalarmedatthereportsoftheforcedlabourofchildren,theexploitationofchildlabourintheinformalandagriculturesectorsandthetraffickingofchildrenwhichhavebeenbroughttoitsattention.(e)2 .2Suggestionsandrecommendations232.3  2 .2TheCommitteeexpressesthefirmhopethattheStatepartywillreviewitsreservationwithaviewtowithdrawingit.233.3  2 .2WhilenotingtheinformationcontainedinthereportthatareviewoftheconformityofnationallegislationwiththeConventionhasbeenundertaken,theCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytocontinuetoscrutinizecarefullylegislativeandothermeasuresatboththefederalandprovinciallevelstoensuretheirfullconformitywiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,inacomprehensiveandholisticmanner.Thehopeisalsoexpressedthat,inthisendeavour,theStatepartywilltakeintoaccounttheCommittee'sconcerns,particularlyitsrecommendationswithregardtotheabolitionoffloggingandcapitalpunishmentforchildrenundertheageof18,andthatdeprivationoflibertyshouldonlybeusedasameasureoflastresortandfortheshortestperiodoftime,aswellasthesuggestionsmadeinrespectofthedefinitionofthechild,forinstanceconcerningtheageofcriminalresponsibility.234.3  2 .2TheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytoundertakeathoroughreviewofitsnationalplanofactiononchildren.Itisrecommendedthatthegoalsoftheplanshouldbeachieved,measurably,withinaspecifictime-frameandthattheConventionshouldbefullyintegratedintotheplan.235.3  2 .2TheCommitteeemphasizestheimportanceandvalueofsettingupacoordinatingmechanismwiththemandateofdeterminingprioritiesandregularlymonitoringandevaluatingprogressintheimplementationoftherightsofthechildatthefederal,provincialandlocallevels.Asafirststepinthisdirection,theCommitteesuggeststhattheStatepartyconsiderthepossibilityofsettingupaninterministerialcommitteeorsimilarbodywithpoliticalauthoritytoreviewinitiallyanddetermineappropriateactiontofollowupontheobservationsmadeduringtheconstructivedialoguebetweentheStatepartyandtheCommittee.236.3  2 .2ThebestinterestsofthechildisaguidingprincipleintheimplementationoftheConvention,includingitsarticle4.Inthisconnection,theCommitteenotestheimportance,inreviewingbudgetallocationstothesocialsector,bothatthefederalandprovinciallevels,ofimplementingthatprincipleandensuringthatthemaximumamountofresourcesaremadeavailableforchildren'sprogrammes.237.3  2 .2IntheviewoftheCommittee,measuresmustbetakentomaketheprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConventionwidelyknownamongadultsandchildrenalike.Toassistintheseefforts,itissuggestedthatpolitical,religiousandcommunityleadersbeencouragedtotakeanactiveroleinsupportingeffortstoeradicatetraditionalpracticesorcustomsthatdiscriminateagainstchildren,particularlythegirlchild,orareharmfultothehealthandwelfareofchildren.Inaddition,itisrecommendedthattrainingaboutchildrightsshouldbegiventorelevantprofessionalgroups.Lawenforcementpersonnel,includingpoliceofficialsandjudges,shouldbeawareoftheprovisionsoftheConvention,especiallythoserelatingtothesystemoftheadministrationofjuvenilejustice.238.3  2 .2TheCommitteealsorecommendsthattheStatepartyshoulddevelopawareness-raisingandtrainingprogrammestocombatviolenceagainstchildrenandpreventtheirabuse,neglect,abandonmentandill-treatment.Suchprogrammesshouldbeaddressed,amongothers,toparents,teachersandlawenforcementofficials.Considerationshouldalsobegiventotheestablishmentofeffectivecomplaintsproceduresinsuchcases.239.3  2 .2TheCommitteeencouragestheGovernmenttocontinuetakingmeasurestostrengthentheprimaryhealth-caresystem.TheCommitteewouldliketoseegreateremphasisonfamilyeducation,includingfamily