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UK     \R3'\ X      + 8  8 C@<6X9`(CourierC    ( A $(e882    f     #..[Original:English]#..[9July1996]@..\CONTENTS 88tt..tParagraphsPage   , )8 8 P") .I. .ORGANIZATIONALANDOTHERMATTERS..................... .<112P" .!1 . .A.StatespartiestotheConvention................. .<12P" .!1 . .B.Openinganddurationofthesessions............. .<34P" .!1 . .C.Membershipandattendance........................ .<56P" .!1 . .D.Solemndeclarationbythenewlyelectedmembersof . .theCommittee.................................... .7P" .!2 . .E.Electionofofficers............................. .8P" .!2 . .F.Agendas.......................................... .<910P" .!2 . .G.Questionofadraftoptionalprotocoltothe . .Convention....................................... .1112P" .!3 .II. .EFFECTIVEIMPLEMENTATIONOFINTERNATIONALINSTRUMENTS . .ONHUMANRIGHTS,INCLUDINGREPORTINGOBLIGATIONSUNDER . .INTERNATIONALINSTRUMENTSONHUMANRIGHTS............ .1317P" .!4 .4III. .SUBMISSIONOFREPORTSBYSTATESPARTIESUNDER . .ARTICLE19OFTHECONVENTION......................... .1825P" .!5 . .ActiontakenbytheCommitteetoensurethesubmission . .ofreports........................................... .1825P" .!5 .IV. .CONSIDERATIONOFREPORTSSUBMITTEDBYSTATESPARTIES . .UNDERARTICLE19OFTHECONVENTION................... .26173P" .!8 . .A.Denmark.......................................... .3341P" .!9 . .B.Guatemala........................................ .4257P" .!10 . .C.UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthern . .Ireland.......................................... .5865P" .!12 . .D.Colombia......................................... .6683P" .!15 . .E.Armenia.......................................... .84101P" .!17 . .F.Senegal.......................................... .t102119P" .!19 . .G.Finland.......................................... .t120137P" .!21 . .H.China............................................ .t138150P" .!22@ .CONTENTS(continued) 88tt .tParagraphsPage   , )8 8 P") . .I.Croatia.......................................... .t151162P" .!25 . .J.Malta............................................ .t163173P" .!27 .V. .ACTIVITIESOFTHECOMMITTEEUNDERARTICLE20OFTHE . .CONVENTION........................................... .t174222P" .!29 . .A.Generalinformation.............................. .t174179P" .!29 . .B.Summaryaccountoftheresultsoftheproceedings . .concerningtheinquiryonEgypt.................. .t180222P" .!30 .VI. .CONSIDERATIONOFCOMMUNICATIONSUNDERARTICLE22OF . .THECONVENTION....................................... .t223237P" .!37 .4VII. .AMENDMENTSTOTHERULESOFPROCEDUREOFTHECOMMITTEE .t238239P" .!40 .VIII. .ADOPTIONOFTHEANNUALREPORTOFTHECOMMITTEEONITS . .ACTIVITIES........................................... .t240242P" .!41@ .Annexes .I. .ListofStatesthathavesigned,ratifiedoraccededtothe . .Conventionasat10May1996.....................................P" .!42 .II. .MembershipoftheCommitteein1996..............................P" .!47 .4III. .StatusofsubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesunderarticle19 . .oftheConventionasat10May1996..............................P" .!48 .IV. .Countryrapporteursandalternaterapporteursforeachofthe . .reportsofStatespartiesconsideredbytheCommitteeatits . .fifteenthandsixteenthsessions.................................P" .!54 .V. .DecisionsoftheCommitteeunderarticle22oftheConvention....P" .!55 .VI. .Amendedrulesofprocedure.......................................P" .!88 .4VII. .Listofdocumentsforgeneraldistributionissuedforthe . .Committeeduringthereportingperiod............................P" .!89 ? UK     \R3'\ X      +C@<6X9`(CourierC( A $(g882     @ . I.ORGANIZATIONALANDOTHERMATTERS@ . A.StatespartiestotheConvention1.2 .2Asat10May1996,theclosingdateofthesixteenthsessionoftheCommitteeagainstTorture,therewere96StatespartiestotheConventionagainstTortureandOtherCruel,InhumanorDegradingTreatmentorPunishment.Duringthepresentreportingperiod,thefollowingeightStatesbecamepartiestotheConvention:Chad,C=ted'Ivoire,Cuba,Kuwait,Lithuania,RepublicofMoldova,UzbekistanandZaire.TheConventionwasadoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyinresolution39/46of10December1984andopenedforsignatureandratificationinNewYorkon4February1985.Itenteredintoforceon26June1987inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofitsarticle27.AlistofStatesthathavesigned,ratifiedoraccededtotheConventiontogetherwithanindicationofthosethathavemadedeclarationsunderarticles21and22oftheConventioniscontainedinannexItothepresentreport.2.2 .2Thetextofthedeclarations,reservationsorobjectionsmadebyStatespartieswithrespecttotheConventionarereproducedindocumentCAT/C/2/Rev.4.@ . B.Openinganddurationofthesessions3.2 .2TheCommitteeagainstTorturehasheldtwosessionssincetheadoptionofitslastannualreport.ThefifteenthandsixteenthsessionsoftheCommitteewereheldattheUnitedNationsOfficeatGenevafrom13to24November1995andfrom30Aprilto10May1996.4.2 .2Atitsfifteenthsession,theCommitteeheld18meetings(227thto244thmeeting)andatitssixteenthsessiontheCommitteeheld17meetings(245thto261stmeeting).AnaccountofthedeliberationsoftheCommitteeatitsfifteenthandsixteenthsessionsiscontainedintherelevantsummaryrecords(CAT/C/SR.227-261).@ .BC.Membershipandattendance5.2 .2Inaccordancewitharticle17oftheConvention,theFifthMeetingoftheStatesPartiestotheConventionwasconvenedbytheSecretary-GeneralattheUnitedNationsOfficeatGenevaon29November1995.ThefollowingfivemembersoftheCommitteewereelectedforatermoffouryearsbeginningon1January1996:Mr.PeterThomasBurns,Mr.GuibrilCamara,Mr.AlejandroGonzlez-Poblete,Mr.GeorghiosM.PikisandMr.BostjanM.Zupancic.Thelistofthemembers,togetherwithanindicationofthedurationoftheirtermofoffice,appearsinannexIItothepresentreport.6.2 .2AllthemembersattendedthefifteenthsessionoftheCommitteeexceptMr.HugoLorenzo.Mr.AlexanderM.Yakovlevattendedthesecondweekofthesessiononly.ThesixteenthsessionoftheCommitteewasattendedbyallthemembers.WithregardtotheabsenceofMr.Lorenzo,atboththefourteenthandfifteenthsessions,theCommitteetooknoteofthereplyoftheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations,dated23May1995,toaletteraddressedtohimbytheCommittee,throughitsChairman,on24April1995,1/bywhichtheSecretary-GeneralconfirmedthatMr.Lorenzowasnotauthorizedto&  serveasmemberoftheCommitteeaslongasheremainedastaffmemberofthe'  UnitedNations.̀D.Solemndeclarationbythenewlyelectedmembers󀀀oftheCommittee7.2 .2Atthe245thmeeting,on30April1996,thefivemembersoftheCommitteewhohadbeenelectedattheFifthMeetingoftheStatespartiestotheConventionmadethesolemndeclarationuponassumingtheirduties,inaccordancewithrule14oftherulesofprocedure.@ .<E.Electionofofficers8.2 .2Atthe245thmeeting,on30April1996,theCommitteeelectedthefollowingofficersforatermoftwoyearsinaccordancewitharticle18,paragraph1,oftheConventionandrules15and16oftherulesofprocedure:2 .2Chairman:Mr.AlexisDipandaMouelle2 .2Vice-Chairmen:Mr.BentSorenseǹMr.AlexanderM.Yakovlev̀Mr.AlejandroGonzlezPoblete2 .2Rapporteur:Ms.JuliaIliopoulosStrangas@ .F.Agendas9.2 .2Atits227thmeeting,on13November1995,theCommitteeadoptedthefollowingitemslistedintheprovisionalagendasubmittedbytheSecretary-Generalinaccordancewithrule6oftherulesofprocedure(CAT/C/31),astheagendaofitsfifteenthsession:2 .21. .Adoptionoftheagenda.2 .22. .Organizationalandothermatters.2 .23.0 .SubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesunderarticle19oftheConvention.2 .24.0 .ConsiderationofreportssubmittedbyStatespartiesunderarticle19oftheConvention.2 .25.0 .Considerationofinformationreceivedunderarticle20oftheConvention.2 .26. .Considerationofcommunicationsunderarticle22oftheConvention.2 .27. .AmendmentstotherulesofprocedureoftheCommittee.10.2 .2Atits245thmeeting,on30April1996,theCommitteeadopted,withamendments,thefollowingitemslistedintheprovisionalagendasubmittedbytheSecretary-Generalinaccordancewithrule6oftherulesofprocedure(CAT/C/35)astheagendaofitssixteenthsession:2 .21. .OpeningofthesessionbytherepresentativeoftheSecretary-General.2 .22. .SolemndeclarationbythenewlyelectedmembersoftheCommittee.2 .23. .ElectionoftheofficersoftheCommittee.2 .24. .Adoptionoftheagenda.2 .25. .Organizationalandothermatters.2 .26.0 .SubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesunderarticle19oftheConvention.2 .27.0 .ConsiderationofreportssubmittedbyStatespartiesunderarticle19oftheConvention.2 .28.0 .Considerationofinformationreceivedunderarticle20oftheConvention.2 .29. .Considerationofcommunicationsunderarticle22oftheConvention.2 .210.0 .Effectiveimplementationofinternationalinstrumentsonhumanrights,includingreportingobligationsunderinternationalinstrumentsonhumanrights.2 .211. .AmendmentstotherulesofprocedureoftheCommittee.2 .212. .AnnualreportoftheCommitteeonitsactivities.@ .fG.QuestionofadraftoptionalprotocoltotheConventionFifteenthsession11.2 .2Atthe227thmeeting,on13November1995,Mr.BentSorensen,whohadbeendesignatedbytheCommitteeasitsobserverintheinter-sessionalopen-endedworkinggroupoftheCommissiononHumanRightselaboratingtheprotocol,informedtheCommitteeoftheprogressmadebytheworkinggroupatitsfourthsession,heldattheUnitedNationsOfficeatGenevafrom30Octoberto10November1995.Sixteenthsession12.2 .2Atits260thmeeting,on9May1996,theCommitteeagreedthatMr.SorensenwouldcontinuetoactasitsobserverintheworkinggroupandtooknoteofCommissiononHumanRightsresolution1996/33ontortureandothercruel,inhumanordegradingtreatmentorpunishmentaswellasresolution1996/37onthequestionofadraftoptionalprotocoltotheConvention.ǀII.EFFECTIVEIMPLEMENTATIONOFINTERNATIONALINSTRUMENTS̀ONHUMANRIGHTS,INCLUDINGREPORTINGOBLIGATIONSUNDER̀INTERNATIONALINSTRUMENTSONHUMANRIGHTSFifteenthsession13.2 .2Atthe240thmeeting,on22November1995,theChairmanoftheCommittee,whohadparticipatedinthesixthmeetingofpersonschairingthehumanrightstreatybodies,heldattheUnitedNationsOfficeatGenevafrom18to22September1995,providedinformationontheconclusionsandrecommendationsofthatmeeting.Sixteenthsession14.2 .2TheCommitteehadbeforeitthereportofthesixthmeetingofpersonschairingthehumanrightstreatybodies(A/50/505,annex),GeneralAssemblyresolution50/170of22December1995,CommissiononHumanRightsresolution1996/22,thereportoftheFourthWorldConferenceonWomen(A/CONF.177/20)aswellasaninformalnotebytheSecretariatontheimplicationsfortheCommittee'smethodsofworkoftheBeijingDeclarationandPlatformforActionandoftherecommendationsconcerninggenderissuesadoptedbythepersonschairinghumanrightstreatybodiesattheirsixthmeeting.15.2 .2Atits261stmeeting,on10May1996,theCommitteetooknoteoftheabovementioneddocumentsandresolutions.16.2 .2Inaddition,inaccordancewiththerelevantdecisionsadoptedbytheCommitteeatitssixthsession,atthe260thmeeting,on9May1996,Mr.SorensenreportedontheactivitiesoftheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild.17.2 .2TheCommitteeagreedthatMr.Burns,Ms.JuliaIliopoulos-StrangasandMr.Sorensenwouldcontinuetofollow,respectively,theactivitiesoftheCommitteeonEconomic,SocialandCulturalRights,theCommitteeontheEliminationofDiscriminationagainstWomenandtheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild.TheCommitteealsodesignatedMr.CamaraandMr.Pikistofollow,respectively,theactivitiesoftheHumanRightsCommitteeandtheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscrimination.ǀIII.SUBMISSIONOFREPORTSBYSTATESPARTIESUNDER̀ARTICLE19OFTHECONVENTION@ . ActiontakenbytheCommitteetoensurethe@ .submissionofreports18.2 .2TheCommittee,atits230th,240th,241st,244th,245thand260thmeetings,heldon15,22and24November1995,and30Apriland9May1996,consideredthestatusofsubmissionofreportsunderarticle19oftheConvention.TheCommitteehadbeforeitthefollowingdocuments:2 .2(a) .NotesbytheSecretary-GeneralconcerninginitialreportsofStatespartiesthatwereduefrom1988to1996(CAT/C/5,7,9,12,16/Rev.1,21/Rev.1,24,28/Rev.1and32/Rev.2);2 .2(b) .NotesbytheSecretary-Generalconcerningsecondperiodicreportsthatwereduefrom1992to1996(CAT/C/17,20/Rev.1,25,29and33);2 .2(c) .AnotebytheSecretary-Generalconcerningthirdperiodicreportsthatwereduein1996(CAT/C/34).19.2 .2TheCommitteewasinformedthat,inadditiontothe10reportsthatwerescheduledforconsiderationbytheCommitteeatitsfifteenthandsixteenthsessions(seeparas.26and28below),theSecretary-GeneralhadreceivedtheinitialreportoftheRepublicofKorea(CAT/C/32/Add.1)andthesecondperiodicreportsofAlgeria(CAT/C/25/Add.8),Poland(CAT/C/25/Add.9),theRussianFederation(CAT/C/17/Add.15)andUruguay(CAT/C/17/Add.16).HehadalsoreceivedadditionalinformationrequestedbytheCommitteefromItaly(fifteenthsession),theNetherlands(fourteenthsession)andtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland(fifteenthsession)duringtheCommittee'sconsiderationoftheirrespectivereports.20.2 .2TheCommitteewasalsoinformedthattherevisedversionoftheinitialreportofBelizerequestedfor10March1994bytheCommitteeatitseleventhsession,hadnotyetbeenreceivedinspiteoftworeminderssentbytheSecretary-GeneralinJune1994and1995andaletterthattheChairmanoftheCommitteeaddressedtotheMinisterforForeignAffairsandEconomicDevelopmentofBelizeon20November1995.21.2 .2Inaddition,theCommitteeatitsfifteenthandsixteenthsessionswasinformedabouttheremindersthathadbeensentbytheSecretary-GeneraltoStatespartieswhosereportswereoverdueandlettersthattheChairmanoftheCommittee,atitsrequest,hadaddressedtotheMinisterforForeignAffairsofthoseStatespartieswhosereportsweremorethanthreeyearsoverdue.Thesituationwithregardtooverduereportsasat10May1996wasasfollows:ǀDateonwhichthe󀀀Numberof󀀀Stateparty󀀀reportwasdue󀀀reminders@ .Initialreports 88X 88,X 88,,, .,Uganda .25June1988, .,12 ., .,Togo .17December1988, .,12, .,Guyana .17June1989, .,9, .,Brazil .27October1990, .,7, .,Guinea .8November1990, .,8, .,Somalia .22February1991, .,6, .,Venezuela .27August1992, .,6, .,Yugoslavia .9October1992, .,4, .,Estonia .19November1992, .,4, .,Yemen .4December1992, .,5, .,BosniaandHerzegovina .5March1993, .,4, .,Benin .10April1993, .,4, .,Latvia .13May1993, .,3, .,CapeVerde .3July1993, .,3, .,Seychelles .3June1993, .,3, .,Cambodia .13November1993, .,2, .,Burundi .19March1994, .,2, .,Slovakia .27May1994, .,2, .,Slovenia .14August1994, .,1, .,AntiguaandBarbuda .17August1994, .,1, .,CostaRica .10December1994, .,1, .,SriLanka .1February1995, .,1, .,Ethiopia .12April1995, .,1, .,Albania .9June1995, .,-, .,UnitedStatesofAmerica .19November1995, .,-, .,Georgia .24November1995, .,-, .,TheformerYugoslav, .,RepublicofMacedonia .11December1995, .,-, .,Namibia .27December1995, .,-@ .nSecondperiodicreports, .,Afghanistan .25June1992, .,5, .,Belize .25June1992, .,5, .,Bulgaria .25June1992, .,5, .,Cameroon .25June1992, .,5, .,France .25June1992, .,5, .,Philippines .25June1992, .,5, .,Uganda .25June1992, .,5, .,Austria .27August1992, .,5, .,Luxembourg .28October1992, .,5, .,Togo .17December1992, .,5, .,Guyana .17June1993, .,3, .,Peru .5August1993, .,1, .,Turkey .31August1993, .,3, .,Tunisia .22October1993, .,2, .,Portugal .10March1994, .,2, .,Poland .24August1994, .,1, .,Australia .6September1994, .,1, .,Brazil .27October1994, .,1, .,Guinea .8November1994, .,1, .,NewZealand .8January1995, .,1̀Dateonwhichthe󀀀Numberof󀀀Stateparty󀀀reportwasdue󀀀reminders 88X 88,X 88,,, .,Guatemala .3February1995, .,-, .,Somalia .22February1995, .,-, .,Paraguay .10April1995, .,-, .,Malta .12October1995, .,-, .,Germany .30October1995, .,-, .,Liechtenstein .1December1995, .,-, .,Romania .16January1996, .,-22., .,TheCommitteeexpressedconcernatthenumberofStatespartiesthathadnotcompliedwiththeirreportingobligations.Withregard,inparticular,toStatespartieswhosereportsweremorethanfouryearsoverdue,theCommitteedeploredthat,inspiteofseveralreminderssentbytheSecretary-GeneralandlettersorothermessagesofitsChairmantotheirrespectiveMinistersforForeignAffairs,thoseStatespartiescontinuednottocomplywiththeobligationstheyhadfreelyassumedundertheConvention.TheCommitteestressedthatithadthedutytomonitortheConventionandthatthenon-complianceofaStatepartywithitsreportingobligationsconstitutedaninfringementoftheprovisionsoftheConventionandpreventedtheCommitteefromassessingwhethertheConventionwaseffectivelyimplementedatthenationallevel.̀23., .,Inthisconnection,theCommittee,on9May1996,decidedthatthelistofStatespartieswhosereportsareoverduebeissuedseparatelyandwidelypublicizedinconnectionwiththepressconferencethattheCommitteeusuallyheldattheendofeachsession.24., .,TheCommitteeagainrequestedtheSecretary-GeneraltocontinuesendingremindersautomaticallytothoseStatespartieswhoseinitialreportsweremorethan12monthsoverdueandsubsequentremindersevery6months.25., .,ThestatusofsubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesunderarticle19oftheConventionasat10May1996,theclosingdateofthesixteenthsessionoftheCommittee,appearsinannexIIItothepresentreport.ǀIV.CONSIDERATIONOFREPORTSSUBMITTEDBYSTATES̀PARTIESUNDERARTICLE19OFTHECONVENTION26., .,Atitsfifteenthandsixteenthsessions,theCommitteeconsideredreportssubmittedby10Statespartiesunderarticle19,paragraph1,oftheConvention.Atitsfifteenthsession,theCommitteedevoted10ofthe18meetingsheldtotheconsiderationofreports(seeCAT/C/SR.228,229andAdd.2,232,233andAdd.1and3,234,235,237/Add.1,238,239and242/Add.1).Thefollowingreports,listedintheorderinwhichtheyhadbeenreceivedbytheSecretary-General,werebeforetheCommitteeatitsfifteenthsession:88, P, .,Denmark(secondperiodicreport)P .PP .PP .PP .PCAT/C/17/Add.13, .,UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainand, .,NorthernIreland(secondperiodicreport)P .PP .PCAT/C/25/Add.6, .,Senegal(secondperiodicreport)P .PP .PP .PP .PCAT/C/17/Add.2, .,Armenia(initialreport)P .PP .PP .PP .PP .PCAT/C/24/Add.4, .,Guatemala(initialreport)P .PP .PP .PP .PP .PCAT/C/12/Add.5, .,Colombia(secondperiodicreport)P .PP .PP .PP .PCAT/C/20/Add.427., .,TheCommitteeagreed,attherequestoftheGovernmentsconcerned,topostponetheconsiderationoftheinitialreportofArmeniaandthesecondperiodicreportofSenegal.Subsequently,theGovernmentofArmeniasubmittedarevisedversionofitsreport.28., .,Atitssixteenthsession,theCommitteedevoted12ofthe17meetingsheldtotheconsiderationofreportssubmittedbyStatesparties(seeCAT/C/SR.245-251,252/Add.1,253255and256).Thefollowingreports,listedintheorderinwhichtheyhadbeenreceivedbytheSecretary-General,werebeforetheCommitteeatitssixteenthsession:, .,Senegal(secondperiodicreport)P .PCAT/C/17/Add.14, .,Armenia(initialreport)P .PCAT/C/24/Add.4/Rev.1, .,Finland(secondperiodicreport)P .PCAT/C/25/Add.7, .,China(secondperiodicreport)P .PCAT/C/20/Add.5, .,Malta(initialreport)P .PCAT/C/12/Add.7, .,Croatia(initialreport)P .PCAT/C/16/Add.629., .,Inaccordancewithrule66oftherulesofprocedureoftheCommittee,representativesofallthereportingStateswereinvitedtoattendthemeetingsoftheCommitteewhentheirreportswereexamined.AlloftheStatespartieswhosereportswereconsideredbytheCommitteesentrepresentativestoparticipateintheexaminationoftheirrespectivereports.30., .,InaccordancewiththedecisiontakenbytheCommitteeatitsfourthsession,2/countryrapporteursandalternaterapporteursweredesignatedbytheChairman,inconsultationwiththemembersoftheCommitteeandtheSecretariat,foreachofthereportssubmittedbyStatespartiesandconsideredbytheCommitteeatitsfifteenthandsixteensessions.Thelistoftheabove-mentionedreportsandthenamesofthecountryrapporteursandtheiralternatesforeachofthemappearinannexIVtothepresentreport.31., .,Inconnectionwithitsconsiderationofreports,theCommitteealsohadbeforeitthefollowingdocuments:, .,(a)  . StatusoftheConventionagainstTortureandOtherCruel,InhumanorDegradingTreatmentorPunishment,andreservationsanddeclarationsundertheConvention(CAT/C/2/Rev.4);, .,(b)  . GeneralguidelinesregardingtheformandcontentsofinitialreportstobesubmittedbyStatespartiesunderarticle19oftheConvention(CAT/C/4/Rev.2);, .,(c)  . GeneralguidelinesregardingtheformandcontentsofperiodicreportstobesubmittedbyStatespartiesunderarticle19oftheConvention(CAT/C/14).32., .,InaccordancewiththedecisiontakenbytheCommitteeatitseleventhsession,3/thefollowingsections,arrangedonacountry-by-countrybasisaccordingtothesequencefollowedbytheCommitteeinitsconsiderationofthereports,containreferencestothereportssubmittedbytheStatespartiesandtothesummaryrecordsofthemeetingsoftheCommitteeatwhichthereportswereconsidered,aswellasthetextofconclusionsandrecommendationsadoptedbytheCommitteewithrespecttotheStatesparties'reportsconsideredatitsfifteenthandsixteenthsessions.@ .A.Denmark33., .,TheCommitteeconsideredthesecondperiodicreportofDenmark(CAT/C/17/Add.13)atits228thand229thmeetings,on14and16November1995(CAT/C/SR.228,229and233/Add.1),andhasadoptedthefollowingconclusionsandrecommendations:@ .1.Introduction34., .,TheCommitteethankstheGovernmentofDenmarkforitsreport.ItalsolistenedwithinteresttotheoralinformationandclarificationsprovidedbytheDanishrepresentatives.TheCommitteewishestothankthedelegationforitsrepliesandfortheopen-mindedspiritandcooperationinwhichthedialoguewasconducted.@ .2.Positiveaspects35., .,TheCommitteeappreciatesthedeterminationofDenmarktoguaranteerespectforandprotectionofhumanrights,beingoneofthefirstStatestoaccedewithoutreservationstomostoftheinternationalandregionalinstrumentsfortheprotectionofsuchrights.ThusDenmarkisaforefrontStateinthedevelopmentofhumanrightsstandards.36., .,TheCommitteenoteswithsatisfactionthatDenmarkisplayingaspecialroleinthefullrehabilitationoftorturevictims,andprovidesresourcesforthatpurposethroughtheRehabilitationCentreforTortureVictims.37., .,TheCommitteeisalsopleasedtonotetheuniquecommitmentoftheauthoritiesinDenmarkinthefieldofeducationandinformationforthepreventionoftorture.@ .n3.Subjectsofconcern38., .,TheCommitteeisneverthelessconcernedabouttheallegationsreceivedfromsomenon-governmentalorganizationsconcerningonecaseofapparenttorture,andsomecasesofill-treatment,andtheallegeduseofleglocksbypoliceforces,aswellassolitaryconfinementappliedinsomeplacesofdetention.@ .64.Recommendations39., .,TheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartygivehighpriorityconsiderationtotheincorporationoftheprovisionsoftheConventionintoitsdomesticlaw.40., .,TheCommitteealsorecommendstheenactmentofalawinDenmarkspecificallyonthecrimeoftortureinconformitywitharticle1oftheConvention,sothatalltheelementsofthedefinitionofthatoffencecontainedinthesaidarticlearefullycovered.41., .,Furthermore,itistheviewoftheCommitteethatDenmarkshouldtakestrongmeasurestobringtoanendill-treatment,whichwasreportedinsomepolicestations,toensurethatallegationsinthisregardarespeedilyandproperlyinvestigated,andthatthosewhomaybefoundguiltyofactsofill-treatmentareprosecuted.@ .bB.Guatemala42., .,TheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofGuatemala(CAT/C/12/Add.5and6)atits232ndand233rdmeetings,on16November1995(CAT/C/SR.232and233/Add.1and3),andhasadoptedthefollowingconclusionsandrecommendations:@ .1.Introduction43., .,TheCommitteethankstheGovernmentofGuatemalaforitsreport.Italsolistenedwithgreatinteresttotheinformativeoralstatementmadebyitsrepresentatives.TheCommitteewishestothankthemfortheirrepliesandforthespiritofopennessandcooperationinwhichthedialoguetookplace.@ .2.Positiveaspects44., .,TheCommitteewelcomesthehonestyandfranknessofthereportacknowledgingthattortureoccursinGuatemala.45., .,TheCommitteeconsidersthatthepresentpeaceprocessandtheGovernmentofGuatemala'scooperationwiththeUnitedNationsaresignsofprogress.46., .,TheCommitteewelcomesthelegalchangesthathavebeenmadebytheStateparty,includingthedefinitionoftortureandpenaltiesassociatedwiththatcrimewhichareincorporatedintothepenallaw.TheCommitteeisalsopleasedtonotethattheGovernmentofGuatemalahasamendedtheCodeofCriminalProceduretodealwithhumanrightsbreaches,andthatithasabolishedthemilitarycommissioners.47., .,TheCommitteealsowelcomesthecreationofvariousorganstoreinforcehumanrights,includingtheProcuratorforHumanRights,thePresidentialCoordinatingCommitteeforGovernmentHumanRightsPolicyandnationalhumanrightscommittees.48., .,TheCommitteeispleasedtonoteGuatemala'scommitmenttohumanrightseducation.49., .,TheCommitteeispleasedtolearnthatGuatemalahasbeguntheprocessofmakingthedeclarationunderarticle22oftheConventionandthatitsrepresentativesdonotseeanyobstacletosuchadeclaration.̀3.Factorsanddifficultiesimpedingtheapplication󀀀oftheConvention50., .,TheCommitteeacknowledgesthatGuatemalaisinadifficultsituationsincethecivildemocraticGovernmentisobstructedinitsactionbyadeeplyentrenchedarmyandpoliceculture.51., .,TheCommitteealsotakesnoteofthewidedisparityinthedistributionoftheeconomicwealthinthecountrycreatingconditionsthatmaytendtowardsconfrontationbetweenthelawenforcementorgansandthosepartsofthepopulationwhichareatthelowestendoftheeconomicandsocialscale.Inthisrespect,theCommitteewishestounderlinethattheindividualrecourseprocedureprovidedforunderarticle22oftheConventionwouldconstituteausefulpreventivemeasureonceithasbeenacceptedbytheGovernment.52., .,TheCommitteeconsidersthattherightofthecitizenstocarryfire-arms,whichisenshrinedintheConstitution,mayberegardedasapotentialobstacletoafullimplementationoftheConvention.@ .n4.Subjectsofconcern53., .,TheCommitteenoteswithdeepconcernthattortureandothercruel,inhumanordegradingtreatmentorpunishmentappeartobeendemicinGuatemala,andtoincludemanychildrenamongitsvictims.54., .,TheCommitteeisequallyconcernedattheState'scontinuedfailurepromptlyandimpartiallytoinvestigateandprosecutethoseresponsibleforanactoftortureandill-treatment.55., .,Thedefactoimpunityforperpetratorsoftortureresultingfromtheabove-mentionedfactsandtheweaknessshownbythejudicial,administrativeandpoliceauthoritiesinenforcingthelawislikewiseamatterofdeepconcerntotheCommittee.56., .,TheCommitteeisalsoconcernedatthefactthatparamilitarygroupsandprivatedefencepatrolsstillexistandoperateinGuatemala.&  @ .65.Recommendations57., .,TheCommitteerecommendsthattheGovernmentofGuatemalatakethe'  followingmeasures:, .,(a)  . Strengthening,inamoresignificantmanner,theactivitiesoftheProcuracyofHumanRights;, .,(b)  . Organizingintensiveprogrammesoftechnicaltrainingforthepolice,prosecutorsandjudges;, .,(c)  . Providingmeansandmaterialresourcesthatarenecessaryforpubliclawenforcementofficialstofulfiltheirmandates;, .,(d)  . Adoptingmeasuresprovidingforaneffectivecoordinationbetweenthepoliceandtheprosecutors;, .,(e)  . Protectingwitnesses,judgesandprosecutorsfromthreatsandintimidations;, .,(f)  . Imposingseveresanctionsforthosepublicofficialswhodonotcomplywiththeirdutyofapplyingthelaw;, .,(g)  . Completelyabolishingtheso-calledVoluntaryCommitteesofCivicDefence;, .,(h)  . Changingthelegalprovisionsconcerningthemilitaryjurisdiction,inordertolimitthejurisdictionofmilitaryjudgesexclusivelytomilitarycrimes;, .,(i)  . Reducingtheauthorizationtocarryfire-armstotheminimumstrictlyindispensable.@ .C.UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland58., .,TheCommitteeconsideredthesecondperiodicreportoftheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandandontheUnitedKingdomanditsdependentTerritories(CAT/C/25/Add.6)atits234thand235thmeetings,on17November1995(CAT/C/SR.234and235),andhasadoptedthefollowingconclusionsandrecommendations:@ .1.Introduction59., .,TheCommitteethankstheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomforitscomprehensivereport,well-supportedbyannexedmaterial.TheCommitteealsowishestoacknowledgethebreadthoftheUnitedKingdomrepresentativesandthewayinwhichtheyencouragedafullandopendialoguebetweenthemselvesandtheCommittee.@ .2.Positiveaspects60., .,TheCommitteeispleasedtoacknowledgethefollowingpositiveaspects:, .,(a)  . Anin-countryrightofappealforallrefusedasylum-seekers;̇, .,(b)  . TheuseoftaperecordingforallinterrogationsbythepoliceinEnglandandWales,manyinterrogationsinScotland,andfornon-terroristrelatedinterrogationsinNorthernIreland;, .,(c)  . TheintroductionofCodesofPracticeappliedtotheinterrogationsofdetaineesinrelationtoterroristactivitiesinNorthernIreland;, .,(d)  . TheappointmentofanIndependentCommissionerforHolding(Detention)CentresforNorthernIreland;, .,(e)  . TheappointmentofanIndependentAccusorofMilitaryComplaintsproceduresinNorthernIreland;, .,(f)  . TherenewaloftheprisoninfrastructurethroughouttheUnitedKingdom;, .,(g)  . ThenoticeablereductionofthelevelofviolenceofdetaineesindetentioncentresofNorthernIreland;, .,(h)  . ThecreationofanIndependentComplaintsCounciltodealwithcomplaintsagainstthepoliceinHongKong;, .,(i)  . Theemphasisplacedoneducationandtrainingofpolice,prisonandimmigrationofficers;, .,(j)  . TheappointmentofaPrisonsOmbudsmanin1994;, .,(k)  . ThepresentpracticeofpermittingdetaineesinNorthernIreland,inrespectofterrorist-relatedoffences,toconsultinprivatecounselwhichisconsideredbytheCommitteeasashiftintherightdirection;, .,(l)  . TheCommitteenotesthatnewPrisonRuleshavebeendraftedforMontserratandthattheywilllikelybeenactedwithinafewmonths;, .,(m)  . Thenewsuicide-preventionprocessesintheprisonsystem;, .,(n)  . TheCommitteenoteswithpleasurethatnocaseoftortureappearstohavecometolightinthedependentTerritories.̀3.Factorsanddifficultiesimpedingtheapplication󀀀oftheConvention61., .,InNorthernIrelandthemaintenanceoftheemergencylegislationandofseparatedetentionorholdingcentreswillinevitablycontinuetocreateconditionsleadingtobreachoftheConvention.Thisisparticularlysobecauseatpresentthepracticeofpermittinglegalcounseltoconsultwiththeirclientsattheirinterrogationsisnotyetpermitted.62., .,TheCommitteeregretsthatinvocationoftheConventionbyindividualsisnotpossiblesincetheUnitedKingdomhasnotdeclaredinfavourofarticle22oftheConvention.ThisappearsunusualgiventhattheUnitedKingdomhasaccededtothejurisdictionoftheEuropeanCommissionofHumanRights.63., .,InHongKongthewarehousingofVietnameseboatpeopleinlargedetentioncentresmaybringtheGovernmentintoconflictwitharticle16oftheConvention.@ .n4.Subjectsofconcern64., .,TheCommitteeisconcernedaboutthefollowing:, .,(a)  . Thepracticeofvigorousinterrogationofdetaineesundertheemergencypowers,whichmaysometimesbreachtheConvention;, .,(b)  . Themethodadoptedinforciblyreturningpersonsunderdeportationorders;, .,(c)  . Therateofsuicideinprisonsandplacesofdetention;, .,(d)  . TherenewalofemergencypowersrelatingtoNorthernIreland;, .,(e)  . Thepracticeoftherefoulementofasylum-seekersincircumstancesthatmaybreacharticle3oftheConvention;, .,(f)  . ThepracticeofthearmyinNorthernIrelandofdispersing,withplasticbullets,whathavebeendescribedbynongovernmentalorganizationsaspeacefuldemonstrations;, .,(g)  . ThefailureoftheUnitedKingdomtodeclareinfavourofarticle22bothforitselfanditsoverseasdependencies;, .,(h)  . ThefailuretoprovideforcounseltobepresentduringinterrogationinNorthernIrelandforterrorist-relatedoffences;, .,(i)  . ThestandardsofdetentionoftheVietnameseboatpeopleinHongKong;, .,(j)  . TheallegationsofdiscriminationinthetreatmentofBlackcitizensintheUnitedKingdombypoliceandimmigrationauthorities.@ .65.Recommendations65., .,TheCommitteerecommendsthattheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomtakethefollowingmeasures:, .,(a)  . AbolishingdetentioncentresinNorthernIrelandandtherepealingtheemergencylegislation;, .,(b)  . ReviewingofpracticesrelatedtodeportationorrefoulementwheresuchpracticesmayconflictwiththeStateparty'sobligationsunderarticle3oftheConvention;, .,(c)  . Re-educatingandretrainingpoliceofficers,particularlyinvestigatingpoliceofficers,inNorthernIrelandasafurtherstepinthepeaceprocess;, .,(d)  . Trainingimmigrationofficersonhowtomanageviolentprisonerswithaminimumatriskofharmtoallthoseinvolved;, .,(e)  . Extendingthetapingofinterrogationstoallcasesandnotmerelythosethatdonotinvolveterrorist-relatedactivitiesandinanyeventtopermitlawyerstobepresentatinterrogationsinallcases;, .,(f)  . Declaringinfavourofarticle22oftheConventionandspecificallyonbehalfofHongKongandtheotherUnitedKingdomdependentTerritories;, .,(g)  . Giventheneedforprisons,continuingthepresentpolicyofrebuildinginaccordancewiththemostmodernstandards;, .,(h)  . Reviewingthepoliciesfavouringprivatepolicingwithaviewtoproperlyregulatingthatactivity;, .,(i)  . Reconsideringcorporalpunishmentwithaviewtodeterminingifitshouldbeabolishedinthosedependenciesthatstillretainit.@ .D.Colombia( A $(A266.3  , .,TheCommitteeconsideredtheperiodicreportofColombia(CAT/C/20/Add.4)  atits238thand239thmeetings,on21and23November1995(seeCAT/C/SR.238,239and242/Add.1),andadoptedthefollowingconclusionsandrecommendations:@ .1.Introduction  267.3  , .,TheCommitteethankstheStatepartyforsubmittingitsperiodicreport,whichingeneralconformstotheCommittee'sguidelines.Furthermore,itrecognizesthefranknessandsincerityofthegoodoralreportprovidedbythegovernmentrepresentatives,atthesametimeacknowledgingthedifficultiesimpedingthereductionofthepracticeoftorture.TherepliestotheconcernsexpressedbytheCommitteewerealsofrankandmadeinaconstructivespirit.@ .2.Positiveaspects  268.3  , .,TheCommitteenotesthatthenewConstitutionofColombiacontainsvariousprovisionsthatareverysatisfactoryfromthestandpointofhumanrightsandmechanismsfortheirprotection,namely,theprohibitionoftorture,theregulationsofhabeascorpus,thefunctionsoftheAttorney-GeneralandtheOmbudsman,andtheprecedenceofinternationalhumanrightstreatiesovernationallegislation.  269.3  , .,TheCommitteenotestheincreaseinthepenaltyfortheoffenceoftortureprovidedforinarticle279ofthePenalCode.  270.3  , .,TheCommitteedrawsparticularattentiontotheestablishmentoftheOfficeoftheAttorney-GeneralfortheDefenceofHumanRights.@ . 3.Factorsanddifficultiesimpedingimplementation@ . oftheConvention󀀀  271.3  , .,TheCommitteeisawarethatthegeneralclimateofviolencecausedbyguerrillawarfare,drugtraffickingandgroupsofarmedciviliansrestricteffectiveenforcementoftheConventioninColombia.  272.3  , .,TheCommitteeconsidersthatthealmosttotallackofpenaltiesforpersonsresponsiblefortortureconstitutesanobstacletotheimplementationoftheConvention.  273.3  , .,TheCommitteeappreciatesthatthecopiousemergencylegislationandtheinadequatefunctioningofthejudiciaryalsomakeitdifficulttoimplementtheConvention.@ .n4.Subjectsofconcern  274.3  , .,TheCommitteeobserveswithgreatconcernthepersistenceofalargenumberofviolentdeathsandcasesoftortureandill-treatmentattributedtomembersofthearmyandthepolice,inamannerthatwouldappeartoindicateasystematicpracticeinsomeregionsofthecountry.  275.3  , .,TheCommitteeemphasizeswithregretthattheStatepartyhasnotyetbroughtitsdomesticlegislationintolinewiththerequirementsoftheConvention,aswassuggestedbytheCommitteewhenitreceivedtheinitialreportofColombia,particularlywithregardtotheobligationsunderarticles2,concerningdueobedience,3,4,5,8,11and15oftheConvention.  276.3  , .,TheCommitteenoteswithconcernthatthelightpenaltiesfortheoffenceoftortureintheCodeofMilitaryJusticedonotseemtobeacceptable,nordoestheextensionofmilitaryjurisdictiontodealwithordinarycrimebymeansoftheinadmissibleexpansionoftheconceptofactiveserviceandtheenactmentofprovisionswhichseriouslylimittheeffectivenessofmeansforprotectingrights,suchashabeascorpus.  277.3  , .,TheCommitteeconsidersthattheGovernmenthasmadevirtuallyconstantuseofatoolsuchasthestateofinternaldisturbancewhich,givenitsseriousnessandpursuanttotheConstitution,shouldbeexceptional.Moreover,provisionscontinuetobeadoptedthatthehighestcourtsoftheStatehavealreadyfoundtobeinviolationofconstitutionalrights.  278.3  , .,TheCommitteealsoviewswithconcernthepowersoftheregionalcourts,inparticularthenon-identificationofwitnesses,judgesandprosecutors.Thedetentionofciviliansinmilitaryunitsisalsoasourceofconcern.@ .65.Recommendations  279.3  , .,TheCommitteerecommendsthatthepracticeoftortureshouldbeendedforthwithandtothisendsuggeststhattheStatepart