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(G`UNLOGO1.WPG _ )  Rl@..$    ڄ k )  882   @ .$    ڄ t )  #882 8#  @ .$    ڄ Q )   @ .$    ڄ Q )   @ .$    ڄ Q )   @ .$    ڄ Q )   @ .$    ڄ Q )   @ .$    ڄ Q )   @ .$    ڄ t )  #88,  ,#  @ .$    ڄ Q )   @ .$    ڄ Q )   @ .$    ڄ k )  882   @ .$    ڄ($     v!  882   +̀    ڀCERD/C/304/Add.34.Seealsoparas.409438ofthepresentreport.9725516(E)171097301097@ .130( 2 $ v2!UKUS.,  TRX3'3'3' Letter3'TX  +88   fX fXC  $#xC--$882 X$  ++Ӏ  0  ڀ( "2$ v2!UKUS.,  TRX3'3'3' Letter3'TX  +88   fX fXC  $#xC--$882 X$  ++Ӏ  0    5u{13Right-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)#|d<6X9`(Courierd6X@`7@) `CG Times PE37P* `CG Timesxx PE37xP* `CG Times PE37P) `CG Timesc PE37P) `CG TimesO PE37P(2$UKUS.,  TRX3'3'3' Letter3'TX  +88   fX fXC  $#xC--$882 X$# e37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)\^) oU v2!UKUS.,  TRX3'3'3' Letter3'TX  +88   fX fXC  $ C--$882 X$  [ 8hX88##Z%A/52/18']O?;z (  ` @ H@EOOO߈   F T   ^J    UnitedNations  F  O_   #aPdd^x y ^J_x y y^xReportofthe O CommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscrimination_J  y_x^J  _J#dPaPGeneralAssembly   ^% ^J_%^%OfficialRecords_2_%^2_2^%^2_%^%ԀFiftysecondSession A  SupplementNo.18(A/52/18)  e  _2_%^2_2    MA/52/18      E^) `CG TimesEReportoftheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscrimination#dPE_* `CG TimesEGeneralAssembly  OfficialRecordsE^) `CG TimesEE_* `CG TimesEԀFiftysecondSessionSupplementNo.18(A/52/18) * `'aO?;z (  ` @ H@` - UnitedNationsE^) `CG TimesEE_* `CG TimesEԀNewYork,1997  E^) `CG TimesERl 4  4    @.. NOTESymbolsofUnitedNationsdocumentsarecomposedofcapitalletterscombinedwithfigures.MentionofsuchasymbolindicatesareferencetoaUnitedNationsdocument. #/ @..ISSN0252-1261#dd  UK     \R3'\ X      + 8  8 C<6X9`(CourierC(  $(b882   #d#  #..[Original:English]#..[26September1997]@..\CONTENTS 88tChaptert..tParagraphsPage   , )8 8 P")Letteroftransmittal..................................................P" .$!vii .I. .ORGANIZATIONALANDRELATEDMATTERS................... .<113P" .!1 . .A. .StatespartiestotheInternationalConventionon . . .theEliminationofAllFormsofRacial . . .Discrimination.................................... .<12P" .!1 . .B. .Sessionsandagenda............................... .<34P" .!1 . .C. .Membershipandattendance......................... .<57P" .!1 . .D. .OfficersoftheCommitteeontheEliminationof . . .RacialDiscrimination.............................8P" .!3 . .E. .CooperationwiththeInternationalLabour . . .OrganizationandtheUnitedNationsEducational, . . .ScientificandCulturalOrganization.............. .<910P" .!3 . .F. .Othermatters..................................... .1112P" .!3 . .G. .Adoptionofthereport............................13P" .!3 .II. .PREVENTIONOFRACIALDISCRIMINATION,INCLUDINGEARLY . .WARNINGANDURGENTPROCEDURES......................... .1419P" .!4 . .DecisionsadoptedbytheCommitteeatitsfiftyfirst . .session..........................................................P" .!5 . .Decision1(51)onIsrael........................................P" .!5 . .Decision2(51)onBosniaandHerzegovina........................P" .!6 . .Decision3(51)ontheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo..........P" .!7 . .Decision4(51)onPapuaNewGuinea..............................P" .!8 .4III. .CONSIDERATIONOFREPORTS,COMMENTSANDINFORMATION . .SUBMITTEDBYSTATESPARTIESUNDERARTICLE9OFTHE . .CONVENTION........................................... .20637P" .!9 . .UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland. .2151P" .!9 . .Afghanistan.......................................... .5256P" .!13 . .Bahamas.............................................. .5759P" .!14 . .DominicanRepublic................................... .6062P" .!14̇@ .CONTENTS(continued) 88tChaptert .tParagraphsPage   , )8 8 P") . .Guatemala............................................ .6399P" .!14 . .Belarus.............................................. .t100125P" .!18 . .Luxembourg........................................... .t126145P" .!22 . .Jordan............................................... .t146148P" .!24 . .Nepal................................................ .t149151P" .!24 . .Germany.............................................. .t152175P" .!25 . .Pakistan............................................. .t176209P" .!28 . .Belgium.............................................. .t210234P" .!31 . .Cameroon............................................. .t235238P" .!35 . .Iceland.............................................. .t239254P" .!35 . .Iraq................................................. .t255274P" .!37 . .Bulgaria............................................. .t275295P" .!39 . .Mexico............................................... .t296327P" .!42 . .Panama............................................... .t328357P" .!46 . .Swaziland............................................ .t358369P" .!49 . .Rwanda............................................... .t370373P" .!50 . .Seychelles........................................... .t374376P" .!51 . .Mongolia............................................. .t377379P" .!51 . .Algeria.............................................. .t380405P" .!52 . .Ethiopia............................................. .t406408P" .!55 . .Philippines.......................................... .t409438P" .!55 . .Denmark.............................................. .t439461P" .!59 . .Poland............................................... .t462483P" .!62 . .Guyana............................................... .t484486P" .!64 . .Suriname............................................. .t487489P" .!65 . .Sweden............................................... .t490511P" .!65 . .TheFormerYugoslavRepublicofMacedonia............ .t512529P" .!67̇@ .CONTENTS(continued) 88tChaptert .tParagraphsPage   , )8 8 P") . .Argentina............................................ .t530561P" .!69 . .Burundi.............................................. .t562593P" .!73 . .Norway............................................... .t594618P" .!77 . .BurkinaFaso......................................... .t619637P" .!80 .IV. .CONSIDERATIONOFCOMMUNICATIONSUNDERARTICLE14OF . .THECONVENTION....................................... .t638644P" .!82 .V. .CONSIDERATIONOFCOPIESOFPETITIONS,COPIESOF . .REPORTSANDOTHERINFORMATIONRELATINGTOTRUSTAND . .NONSELFGOVERNINGTERRITORIESANDTOALLOTHER . .TERRITORIESTOWHICHGENERALASSEMBLYRESOLUTION . .1514(XV)APPLIES,INCONFORMITYWITHARTICLE15OF . .THECONVENTION....................................... .t645648P" .!84 .VI. .ACTIONBYTHEGENERALASSEMBLYATITSFIFTYFIRST . .SESSION.............................................. .t649661P" .!85 .4VII. .SUBMISSIONOFREPORTSBYSTATESPARTIESUNDER . .ARTICLE9OFTHECONVENTION.......................... .t662663P" .!88 . .A. .ReportsreceivedbytheCommittee................662P" .!88 . .B. .ReportsnotyetreceivedbytheCommittee........663P" .!90 .VIII. .THIRDDECADETOCOMBATRACISMANDRACIAL . .DISCRIMINATION....................................... .t664669P" .$!100 .IX. .OVERVIEWOFTHEMETHODSOFWORKOFTHECOMMITTEE..... .t670671P" .$!102@ .Annexes .I. .StatusoftheConvention.........................................P" .$!103 . .A. .StatespartiestotheInternationalConventiononthe . . .EliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination(148),asat . . .22August1997...............................................P" .$!103 . .B. .Statespartiesthathavemadethedeclarationunder . . .article14,paragraph1,oftheConvention(24),asat . . .22August1997...............................................P" .$!107 . .C. .Statespartiesthathaveacceptedtheamendmentstothe . . .ConventionadoptedattheFourteenthMeetingofStates . . .Parties(23)asat22August1997...........................P" .$!107P" .P" .II. .Agendasofthefiftiethandfiftyfirstsessions.................P" .$!109 . .A. .Fiftiethsession.............................................P" .$!109@ .CONTENTS(continued) 88tt .tPage   , )8 8 P") . .B. .Fiftyfirstsession..........................................P" .$!109 .4III. .DecisionoftheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacial . .Discriminationunderarticle14oftheInternationalConventionon . .theEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination............P" .$!111 .IV. .DocumentsreceivedbytheCommitteeatitsfiftiethandfifty . .firstsessionsinconformitywitharticle15oftheConvention...P" .$!121 .V. .GeneralRecommendation,ontherightsofindigenouspeoples, . .adoptedbytheCommitteeatits1235thmeeting,on . .18August1997...................................................P" .$!122 .VI. .CountryrapporteursforreportsconsideredbytheCommitteeat . .itsfiftiethandfiftyfirstsessions............................P" .$!124 .4VII. .Listofdocumentsissuedforthefiftiethandfiftyfirstsessions . .oftheCommittee.................................................P" .$!128 .VIII. .CommentsoftheGovernmentofthePhilippinesontheconcluding . .observationsadoptedbytheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacial . .Discriminationontheeleventhtofourteenthperiodicreportsof . .thePhilippinespresentedduringthefiftyfirstsessionofthe . .Committee........................................................P" .$!130@ .LETTEROFTRANSMITTAL# .(26August1997Sir,882 2 .2TheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscriminationwas,in1994,amongthefirstbodieswithintheUnitedNationssystemtoexpressconcernaboutthedangeroussituationthatwasdevelopingwithintheGreatLakesregionofAfrica.AswewrotetoyourpredecessorinAugustofthatyear,itwouldhavebeenbetterhadpreventiveactionbeentakenbeforeopenhostilitiesbrokeout.Sincethen,atrocioushumanrightsabuseswithintheregionhavemultiplied.Improvedmethodsforpreventingsuchdisastersmustbeidentified.2 .2TheCommittee'sprioritiesremain:theexaminationofreportsunderarticle9oftheInternationalConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination;preventionofracialdiscrimination,includingearlywarningandurgentprocedures;actiononcommunicationsunderarticle14oftheConvention;andtheimplementationoftheConventioninStateswhosereportsareseriouslyoverdue.WereportontheseinchaptersII,IIIandIV.WehavealsothisyearadoptedanimportantGeneralRecommendationtoStatespartiesaboutreportingontheprotectionoftherightsofindigenouspeoples;thisistobefoundinannexVtothepresentreport.Indigenouspeopleareoftenunabletoattractattentiontoabusesoftheirhumanrightsandtheydeservetheassistanceoftheinternationalcommunity.2 .2Encouragedbyparagraph4ofGeneralAssemblyresolution51/80,theCommittee,atitsfiftyfirstsession,startedtheprocessofreviewingimplementationoftheConventioninStateswhoseinitialreportsareoverduebyfiveyearsormore.ManyoftheseStatespartieshavediplomaticrepresentationinNewYorkbutnotinGeneva.TheabsenceofrepresentativesinGenevamakesitdifficultfortheCommitteetocommunicatewiththemandforthemtoparticipateintheprocessofmonitoringtheimplementationofhumanrightstreaties.TheCommitteethereforerequestsyou,andtheStatespartiestotheConvention,tomakeitpossiblefortheCommitteetomeetoccasionallyinNewYorkinordertoscheduletheconsiderationofreportsfromStatesinthisposition.TheCommitteealsorequestsyoutoseewhetherinotherwaysyoucanassisttheseStatestofulfiltheirreportingobligations.2 .2OnbehalfoftheCommittee,IdrawyourattentiontochapterVI,whichcontainstheresultsoftheCommittee'sreviewofitscontributiontothemoreeffectiveimplementationofinternationalinstrumentsonhumanrights.TheCommitteehasnobacklogofunconsideredStatereports.ItcontinuestoadviseStatespartiesoftheirlegalobligationstopreventdiscriminationongroundsofraceandethnicornationalorigin.ItadaptsitsworkingmethodstothechangingsituationwithintheUnitedNationsandinthewiderworld.# .(Signed)MichaelBanton# .Chairman# .CommitteeontheElimination# .xofRacialDiscriminationHisExcellencyMr.KofiAnnanSecretaryGeneralofthèUnitedNationsNewYork  UK     \R3'\ X      +C<6X9`(CourierC(  $(c882     @ . I.ORGANIZATIONALANDRELATEDMATTERS̀A.StatespartiestotheInternationalConventiononthèEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination1.2 .2Asat22August1997,theclosingdateofthefifty-firstsessionoftheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscrimination,therewere148StatespartiestotheInternationalConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination,whichwasadoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyinresolution2106A(XX)of21December1965andopenedforsignatureandratificationinNewYorkon7March1966.TheConventionenteredintoforceon4January1969inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofitsarticle19.2.2 .2Bytheclosingdateofthefifty-firstsession,24ofthe148StatespartiestotheConventionhadmadethedeclarationenvisagedinarticle14,paragraph1,oftheConvention.Article14oftheConventionenteredintoforceon3December1982,followingthedepositwiththeSecretary-GeneralofthetenthdeclarationrecognizingthecompetenceoftheCommitteetoreceiveandconsidercommunicationsfromindividualsorgroupsofindividualswhoclaimtobevictimsofaviolationbytheStatepartyconcernedofanyoftherightssetforthintheConvention.TheStatespartiestotheConventionandthosethathavemadethedeclarationunderarticle14arelistedinannexItothepresentreport,asaretheStatesparties(23)thathaveacceptedtheamendmentstotheConventionadoptedattheFourteenthMeetingofStatesParties,asat22August1997.@ .nB.Sessionsandagenda3.2 .2TheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscriminationheldtworegularsessionsin1997.Thefiftieth(1185th-1214thmeetings)andfifty-first(1215th-1244thmeetings)sessionswereheldattheUnitedNationsOfficeatGenevafrom3to21Marchandfrom4to22August1997,respectively.4.2 .2Theagendasofthefiftiethandfifty-firstsessions,asadoptedbytheCommittee,arereproducedinannexII.̀C.Membershipandattendance5.2 .2Inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofarticle8oftheConvention,theSixteenthMeetingoftheStatesPartiestotheInternationalConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscriminationwasheldatUnitedNationsHeadquarterson16January19961andelectedninemembersoftheCommitteefromamongthecandidatesnominatedtoreplacethosewhosetermofofficewasduetoexpireon19January1996.6.2 .2ThemembersoftheCommitteefor1996-1998,includingthoseelectedorre-electedon16January1996,arethefollowing:#882 8#2 .2 . .  .8 .8TermexpiresNameofmember .  .Countryofnationality8 .8on19JanuaryMr.MamoudABOUL-NASR .Egypt8 .8 .1998Mr.HamzatAHMADU .Nigeria8 .8 .1998Mr.MichaelParkerBANTON .UnitedKingdomofGreatBritain8 .8 .19982 .2 . .  .andNorthernIrelandMr.TheodoorvanBOVEN** .Netherlands8 .8 .2000Mr.AndrewCHIGOVERA .Zimbabwe8 .8 .1998Mr.IonDIACONU** .Romania8 .8 .2000Mr.EduardoFERREROCOSTA** .Peru8 .8 .2000Mr.IvanGARVALOV** .Bulgaria8 .8 .2000Mr.RgisdeGOUTTES .France8 .8 .1998Mr.CarlosLECHUGAHEVIA .Cuba8 .8 .1998Mr.YuriA.RECHETOV** .RussianFederation8 .8 .2000Mrs.ShantiSADIQALI** .India8 .8 .2000Mr.AghaSHAHI .  .Pakistan8 .8 .1998Mr.MichaelE.SHERIFIS .Cyprus8 .8 .1998Mr.LuisVALENCIARODRIQUEZ** .Ecuador8 .8 .2000Mr.RdigerWOLFRUM .Germany8 .8 .1998Mr.MarioJorgeYUTZIS** .Argentina8 .8 .2000Ms.ZOUDeci* .  .China8 .8 .20007.2 .2AllthemembersoftheCommitteeattendedthefiftiethsession.Atthefifty-firstsession,allthemembersoftheCommitteeattendedwiththeexceptionofMr.FerreroCosta.Mr.Chigoveraattendedonlypartofthefifty-firstsession.____________________2 .2*Electedon16January1996.2 .2**Re-electedon16January1996.2 .2 .D.OfficersoftheCommitteeontheElimination2 .2 . . ofRacialDiscrimination8.2 .2Atits1128thand1136thmeetings,on26Februaryand1March1996,theCommitteeelectedthefollowingofficersforatermoftwoyears(1996-1998),inaccordancewitharticle10,paragraph2,oftheConvention:2 .2Chairman:Mr.MichaelParkerBANTOǸVice-Chairmen:Mr.EduardoFERREROCOSTÀMr.IvanGARVALOV̀Ms.ShantiSADIQALI2 .2Rapporteur:Mr.AndrewR.CHIGOVERÀE.CooperationwiththeInternationalLabourOrganizatioǹandtheUnitedNationsEducational,Scientificand̀CulturalOrganization9.2 .2InaccordancewithCommitteedecision2(VI)of21August1972concerningcooperationwiththeInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO)andtheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO),2bothorganizationswereinvitedtoattendthesessionsoftheCommittee.10.2 .2ReportsoftheILOCommitteeofExpertsontheApplicationofConventionsandRecommendations,submittedtotheInternationalLabourConference,weremadeavailabletothemembersoftheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscrimination,inaccordancewitharrangementsforcooperationbetweenthetwoCommittees.TheCommitteetooknotewithappreciationofthereportsoftheCommitteeofExperts,inparticularofthosesectionswhichdealtwiththeapplicationoftheDiscrimination(EmploymentandOccupation)Convention,1958(No.111)andtheIndigenousandTribalPeoplesConvention,1989(No.169),aswellasotherinformationinthereportsrelevanttoitsactivities.@ .F.Othermatters11.2 .2Atits1185thmeeting(fiftiethsession),heldon10March1997,theCommitteepaidtributetothememoryofMr.KarlJosefPartsch,Mr.NicolsdePirolayBalta,andMr.AndrDechezelles,allformermemberoftheCommittee,andaskedtheChairmantosendaletterofcondolencestotheirfamilies.12.2 .2TheOfficer-in-ChargeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforHumanRights/CentreforHumanRightsattendedthe1214thmeeting,heldon21March1997,anddiscussedanumberofissueswiththeCommittee,particularlyhowtherestructuringoftheCentreforHumanRightscouldassisttheCommitteeindealingwithitsgrowingworkload(seeCERD/C/SR.1214).@ .G.Adoptionofthereport13.2 .2Atits1243rdmeeting,heldon22August1997,theCommitteeadopteditsannualreporttotheGeneralAssembly.ǀII.PREVENTIONOFRACIALDISCRIMINATION,INCLUDING̀EARLYWARNINGANDURGENTPROCEDURES14.2 .2TheCommitteedecidedatitsforty-firstsessiontoestablishasoneofitsregularandprincipalagendaitemstheitemonpreventionofracialdiscrimination,includingearlywarningandurgentprocedures.15.2 .2Atitsforty-secondsession(1993),theCommitteenotedtheconclusionadoptedbythefourthmeetingofpersonschairingthehumanrightstreatybodiesthat:02 .2"...thetreatybodieshaveanimportantroleinseekingtopreventas! .!wellastorespondtohumanrightsviolations.Itisthusappropriateforeachtreatybodytoundertakenanurgentexaminationofallpossiblemeasuresthatitmighttake,withinitscompetence,bothtopreventhumanrightsviolationsfromoccurringandtomonitormorecloselyemergencysituationsofallkindsarisingwithinthejurisdictionofStatesparties.Whereproceduralinnovationsarerequiredforthispurpose,theyshouldbeconsideredassoonaspossible."(A/47/628,para.44)16.2 .2Asaresultofitsdiscussionofthatconclusionofthemeetingofchairpersons,theCommittee,atits979thmeeting,heldon17March1993,adoptedaworkingpapertoguideitinitsfutureworkconcerningpossiblemeasurestoprevent,aswellasmoreeffectivelyrespondto,violationsoftheConvention.3TheCommitteenotedinitsworkingpaperthateffortstopreventseriousviolationsoftheInternationalConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscriminationwouldincludethefollowing:2 .2(a) .Early-warningmeasures:thesewouldbeaimedataddressingexistingproblemssoastopreventthemfromescalatingintoconflictsandwouldalsoincludeconfidence-buildingmeasurestoidentifyandsupportstructurestostrengthenracialtoleranceandsolidifypeaceinordertopreventarelapseintoconflictinsituationswhereithasoccurred.Inthatconnection,criteriaforearlywarningcouldincludesomeofthefollowing:thelackofanadequatelegislativebasisfordefiningandcriminalizingallformsofracialdiscrimination,asprovidedforintheConvention;inadequateimplementationofenforcementmechanisms,includingthelackofrecourseprocedures;thepresenceofapatternofescalatingracialhatredandviolence,orracistpropagandaorappealstoracialintolerancebypersons,groupsororganizations,notablybyelectedorotherofficials;asignificantpatternofracialdiscriminationevidencedinsocialandeconomicindicators;andsignificantflowsofrefugeesordisplacedpersonsresultingfromapatternofracialdiscriminationorencroachmentonthelandsofminoritycommunities;2 .2(b) .Urgentprocedures:thesewouldaimatrespondingtoproblemsrequiringimmediateattentiontopreventorlimitthescaleornumberofseriousviolationsoftheConvention.Possiblecriteriaforinitiatinganurgentprocedurecouldincludeaserious,massiveorpersistentpatternofracialdiscriminationoraserioussituationinwhichthereisariskoffurtherracialdiscrimination.17.2 .2Atits1028thand1029thmeetings,heldon10March1994,theCommitteeconsideredpossibleamendmentstoitsrulesofprocedurewhichwouldtakeintoaccounttheworkingpaperithadadoptedin1993onthepreventionofracialdiscrimination,includingearlywarningandurgentprocedures.Duringthediscussionswhichfollowed,theviewwasexpressedthatitwastooearlytomakechangesintherulesofprocedureinordertotakeaccountofproceduresadoptedonlyveryrecently.TherewasariskthattheCommitteemightbelockingitselfintoruleswhichwouldsoonnolongerfititsneeds.ItwouldthereforebebetterfortheCommitteetohavemoreexperiencewiththeproceduresinquestionandtoamenditsrulesatalaterpointonthebasisofthatexperience.Atits1039thmeeting,on17March1994,theCommitteedecidedtopostponetoalatersessionfurtherconsiderationofproposalstoamenditsrulesofprocedure.18.2 .2ThefollowingsectionsdescribedecisionsadoptedandfurtheractiontakenbytheCommitteeatitsfiftiethandfifty-firstsessionswithintheframeworkofitseffortstopreventracialdiscrimination.Atearliersessions,theCommitteehadcommencedconsiderationunderthisagendaitemofAlgeria,BosniaandHerzegovina,Burundi,Croatia,Cyprus,Israel,Liberia,Mexico,PapuaNewGuinea,RussianFederation,Rwanda,theformerYugoslavRepublicofMacedoniaandYugoslavia.19.2 .2Atitsfiftiethsession,theCommitteereviewedthesituationinBurundi,BosniaandHerzegovinaandRwanda,andconductedadialoguewithrepresentativesoftheStatespartiesconcerned.TheCommittee,however,tooknoformalaction.Atitsfifty-firstsession,theCommitteereviewedthesituationinBosniaandHerzegovina,DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,IsraelandPapuaNewGuineaandadoptedthefollowingdecisions.@ .DecisionsadoptedbytheCommitteeatitsfifty-firstsession@ . Decision1(51)onIsrael1.2 .2TheCommitteerepeatsitsfullendorsementoftheIsrael-PalestineLiberationOrganizationpeaceprocessandagainexpressestheopinionthattheprinciplesandobligationsoftheInternationalConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscriminationshouldbeanessentialingredientofthepeaceprocess.TheCommitteecallsonthepartiesinthepeaceprocesstoobserveandimplementfaithfullytheDeclarationofPrinciplesonInterimSelf-GovernmentArrangementssignedbyIsraelandthePalestineLiberationOrganizationon13September1993,theIsraeli-PalestinianInterimAgreementontheWestBankandtheGazaStripof28September1995andotherIsrael-PalestineLiberationOrganizationagreements.2.2 .2TheCommitteeconfirmsitsviewthattheIsraelisettlementsintheoccupiedterritoriesarenotonlyillegalunderinternationallawbutalsoanobstacletopeaceandtheenjoymentofhumanrightsbythewholepopulationintheregion,withoutdistinctionastonationalorethnicorigin,inaccordancewiththeConvention.TheCommitteeexpressesitsseriousconcernthatthecontinuingpoliciesofexpansionofsettlementsandnotablytheestablishmentofanIsraelisettlementonJabalAbuGhenaiminEastJerusalem,allofwhichchangethephysicalcharacteranddemographiccompositionoftheoccupiedterritories,includingJerusalem,giverisetoincreasingtensionsintheregionandjeopardizethepeaceprocess.3.2 .2TheCommitteeagaincondemnsinthestrongesttermsterrorisminallitsforms.Itabhorsactswhichresultintheindiscriminatekillingofinnocentpeople,andreiteratesthatthereisnojustificationwhatsoeverforsuchacts.TheCommitteeemphasizesthenecessitythatallappropriatemeasuresbetaken,includingthoseprescribedinarticle4oftheConvention,againstextremistandterroristorganizationsthatpromoteracialhatred,incitetoviolenceandcommitterroristacts.Further,theCommitteeurgesallStatespartiestopreventsuchorganizationsfromconductinganyactivities,includingtraining,recruiting,andfund-raising,interritoriesundertheircontrol.4.2 .2TheCommitteerejectstheclosuresandblockingofreimbursementoffeesandrevenuestothePalestinianAuthority,imposedbytheIsraeliauthoritiesontheoccupiedterritoriesinthewakeofthedreadfulsuicidebombingsinJerusalemon30July1997,thatamounttocollectivepunishmentcontrarytoarticle33oftheFourthGenevaConvention.4ThoseclosuresandrelatedmeasuresseverelyrestrictthemovementofpeopleandgoodsinGazaandtheWestBankandresultindeprivinglargenumbersofPalestiniansfromtheirlegalemploymentandinblockingessentialrevenuesandcustomsdutiesowedtothePalestinianAuthority.ThemeasurestakenbyIsraelhaveadevastatingeffectonthelifeandwell-beingoftheArabpopulationoftheoccupiedterritoriesandcausegreatsuffering.5.2 .2TheCommitteeholdsthatthosemeasuresamounttocollectivepunishmentandconstituteseriousobstaclestothepeaceprocess,anditurgestheGovernmentofIsraeltoliftthosemeasuresforthwith.6.2 .2TheCommitteewelcomesthecontinuationoftheconstructivedialoguecarriedforwardwithrepresentativesofIsrael,anditisreadytocontributetoanyconfidencebuildingmeasureswhichcommendthemselvesinaccordancewiththeInternationalConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination.# .(1236thmeeting# .(18August1997@ . Decision2(51)onBosniaandHerzegovina1.2 .2TheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscriminationdiscussedthesituationinBosniaandHerzegovinainthecontextoftheprinciplesandobjectivesoftheInternationalConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination.TheCommitteereaffirmeditsdecisions1(48)and1(49),adoptedwithaviewtoofferingitscontributiontotheimplementationoftheGeneralFrameworkAgreementforPeaceinBosniaandHerzegovinadrawnupatDaytonandsignedinParison14December1995.2.2 .2TheCommitteenoteswithgreatconcernthatlittleprogresshasbeenmadeintheimplementationofthePeaceAgreement.BosniaandHerzegovinaremainsadeeplydividedcountry,withboundariesnotverydifferentfromconfrontationlinesbetweentheentitiesandwithclearpatternsofdiscriminationandseparationbasedonnationalorethnicorigin,whichiscontrarytothebasicprinciplesoftheInternationalConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination.3.2 .2TheCommitteeisalsodeeplyconcernedthatinspiteoftheguaranteesinthePeaceAgreement,annex7,concerningtherightofallrefugeesanddisplacedpersonstofreelyreturntotheirhomesoforigin,seriousobstaclestoreturncontinuetoexistinBosniaandHerzegovina,andthatpropertylawswhichconflictwiththePeaceAgreementremainineffectinthetwoprincipalentitiesofBosniaandHerzegovina.Inthisconnection,theCommitteedrawstheattentionofallpartiesconcernedtoitsGeneralRecommendationXXII(49),inparticularparagraphs2(a),(b)and(c).4.2 .2TheCommitteeisprofoundlydisturbedthatlittleprogressisbeingmadeintheapprehensionofpersonsindictedbytheInternationalTribunalfortheProsecutionofPersonsResponsibleforSeriousViolationsofInternationalHumanitarianLawCommittedintheTerritoryoftheFormerYugoslavia.TheCommitteeagainurgesallpartiestothePeaceAgreementtocomplywiththeirobligationtocooperatefullywiththeTribunalinfulfillingitstaskofbringingtojusticeallpersonsguiltyoftheseriouscrimesfallingwithinitsjurisdictionand,inparticular,toexecuteforthwithallwarrantsofarrestsandexpeditethetransferofthepersonsindictedbytheTribunal.5.2 .2TheCommitteedecidestoremainseizedofthesituationinBosniaandHerzegovinaunderitsagendaitemonpreventionofracialdiscrimination,includingearlywarningandurgentprocedures,andexpressesthewishthattheStatepartyconcernedwillbepresentatthenextexaminationofthatsituation.# .(1236thmeeting# .(18August1997@ .. Decision3(51)ontheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo1.2 .2Theconcludingobservations(CERD/C/304/Add.18),adoptedbytheCommitteeon21August1996,inparticularthegraveconcernexpressedtherein,arereiterated.TherecommendationsmadebytheCommitteeinthiscontextremainvalid.2.2 .2TheCommitteeisdisturbedbyreportsofmassacresandothergravehumanrightsviolations,includingviolationoftheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscriminationintheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo.Suchreports,inparticularthereportsubmittedbythejointmissionestablishedbytheCommissiononHumanRightsinitsresolution1997/58of15April1997,chargedwithinvestigatingallegationsofmassacresandotherhumanrightsviolationsoccurringintheeasternpartofZaire(nowtheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo)sinceSeptember1996(A/51/942of2July1997)werediscussed.Thefindingsinthatreport,accordingtowhichtherewere"reliableindicationsthatpersonsbelongingtooneorotherofthepartiestotheconflictineasternZaire,nowtheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,probablycommittedseriousviolationsofinternationalhumanitarianlaw...."(para.95);that"crimesseemtobesufficientlymassiveandsystematictobecharacterizedascrimesagainsthumanity"(para.95);andthatthe"ethnicidentityofmostofthevictimsisamatterofrecord"(para.96)wereparticularlynoted.3.2 .2TheCommitteeisalarmedaboutreportsofthedisappearanceofverylargenumbersofrefugeesintheeasternpartofthecountryandongoinghumanrightsviolations.4.2 .2TheCommitteehopesthatthenewinvestigativeteamestablishedbytheSecretary-GeneralmaybeabletoacteffectivelyandthattheGovernmentoftheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongowillcooperatewiththatteam.5.2 .2TheCommitteedecidestoremainseizedofthesituationintheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongounderitsagendaitemonpreventionofracialdiscrimination,includingearlywarningandurgentprocedures.Itwilldiscussitatitsfifty-secondsession(2-20March1998)onthebasisofallrelevantinformationtobeprovidedbytheSecretariatandexpressesthehopethattheStatepartyconcernedwillbepresentatthenextexaminationofthissituation.# .(1240thmeeting# .(20August1997̇@ . Decision4(51)onPapuaNewGuinea1.2 .2Atits1242ndmeeting,heldon21August1997(CERD/C/SR.1242),theCommitteereviewedtheimplementationoftheConventionbyPapuaNewGuinea,underitsagendaitemonpreventionofracialdiscrimination.2.2 .2PapuaNewGuinea'sinitialreport(CERD/C/101/Add.4)wasconsideredbytheCommitteein1984.TheCommitteesubsequentlyconsideredthesituationintheStatepartyin1994underitsagendaitemonpreventionofracialdiscrimination.53.2 .2DespitetheCommittee'srepeatedrequests,6PapuaNewGuineahasregrettablynotsubmittedanup-to-datereportoranyinformationrequestedontheissueofBougainville.4.2 .2TheCommitteeisawarethattheGovernmentofPapuaNewGuinearequestedtheSecretary-GeneraltosendhisrepresentativetoassistwithanewroundofdiscussionsbetweentheGovernmentandthemainBougainvilleanparties.5.2 .2TheCommitteeisappreciativeoftheeffortsoftheSecretary-General'srepresentativetoassistwithanewroundofdiscussionsbetweentheGovernmentoftheStatepartyandthemainBougainvilleanparties(seeE/CN.4/1996/58),anditnotesthevisitoftheCommissiononHumanRights'SpecialRapporteuronextrajudicial,summaryandarbitraryexecutionstotheStateparty(seeE/CN.4/1996/4/Add.2).6.2 .2TheCommitteecondemnsandregretsthekillingofthepremieroftheBougainvilleTransitionalGovernment,Mr.TheodoreMiriung,on12October1996byunidentifiedassailants,whichresultedinaserioussetbackforalltheeffortstofindasolutionoftheBougainvilleproblem.7.2 .2TheCommitteewishestoencourageanyfurtherefforttoresumethediscussionsbetweenthepartiesinvolvedintheBougainvilleconflict.8.2 .2TheCommitteeonceagainrequeststheStatepartytosubmititsreportunderarticle9(1)oftheConvention,aswellastosupplyinformationspecificallyonthesituationinBougainvilleunderitspreventionofdiscriminationprocedures,sothattheCommitteecanexaminethemin1998.9.2 .2TheCommitteewishestosuggestthattheStatepartymaywishtoavailitselfofthetechnicalassistanceofferedundertheadvisoryservicesandtechnicalassistanceprogrammeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforHumanRights/CentreforHumanRights,withaviewtodrawingupandsubmittingitsreport.# .(1242ndmeeting# .(21August1997  UK     \R3'\ X      +C<6X9`(CourierC(  $(d882    UK     \R3'\ X      +C<6X9`(CourierC(  $(e882   2 .2 .III.CONSIDERATIONOFREPORTS,COMMENTSANDINFORMATION2 .2 . . SUBMITTEDBYSTATESPARTIESUNDERARTICLE9OF2 .2 . . THECONVENTION20.2 .2Atitsfiftiethandfiftyfirstsessions,theCommitteeconsideredreports,commentsandinformationfrom35Statespartiesunderarticle9oftheConvention.CountryrapporteursarelistedinannexVI.@ . UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland21.2 .2TheCommitteeconsideredthefourteenthperiodicreportoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland(CERD/C/299/Add.9)atits1185thand1186thmeetings(CERD/C/SR.1185and1186),heldon3and4March1997.Atits1204thand1209thmeetings,heldon14and19March1997,itadoptedthefollowingconcludingobservations.@ .A.Introduction22.2 .2TheCommitteewelcomestheopportunitytocontinueitsdialoguewiththeStateparty.ItalsowelcomesitsfourteenthperiodicreportandnoteswithappreciationthatinformationonCrownDependenciesandDependentTerritoriesiscontainedtherein.TheCommitteenoteswithgreatappreciationthatthereportprovidesanswersindetailtoconcernsexpressedandrecommendationsmadebytheCommitteeinitsconcludingobservationsfollowingtheconsiderationofthethirteenthperiodicreportoftheStateparty(seeCERD/C/263/Add.7andparas.219255oftheCommittee's1996reporttotheGeneralAssembly).7TheCommitteefurtherwelcomesthecomprehensiveanswersprovidedbythedelegationinthecourseofthedialogue.23.2 .2TheCommitteenotesthattheStatepartyhasnotmadethedeclarationprovidedforinarticle14oftheConvention,andsomeofitsmembersrequestedthatthepossibilityofmakingsuchadeclarationbeconsidered.2 .2 .B.Factorsanddifficultiesimpedingtheimplementation2 .2 . . oftheConvention24.2 .2ItisnotedthatthepositionmaintainedbytheGovernmentwithregardtothenonincorporationofthefullsubstanceoftheConventionwithinthedomesticlegalorder,aswellasitsrestrictiveinterpretationoftheprovisionsofarticle4oftheConvention,mayhamperthefullimplementationoftheprovisionsoftheConvention.25.2 .2Moreover,itisnotedthattheoccurrenceofracismandraciallymotivatedattacks,aswellasincidentsdirectedagainstmembersofethnicminorities,impedetheimplementationoftheConvention.@ .C.Positiveaspects26.2 .2ThevariousmeasurestakentoincreasetheparticipationofmembersofethnicminoritiesinpublicandgovernmentofficeandinthepolicearewelcomedbytheCommittee.TheadoptionoftheHousingActof1996tocombatracialdiscriminationinthefieldofhousing,thesettingupoflayvisitingschemeswhichencompassinspectionandsupervisionofdetentioninpolicestationsbymembersoflocalcommunitiestopreventandcombatill-treatmentincustody,thedraftingofchangesinthecodeofpracticewhichregulatespolicepowersandproceduresintheexerciseofstopandsearchexercises,thecreationofaRacialIncidentsStandingCommitteetoimplementthereportoftheRacialAttacksGrouptocombatraciallymotivatedincidents,andtheadoptionofa10-pointactionplantoraisetheachievementofethnicminoritypupilsfollowingthepublicationofareportbytheOfficeforStandardsinEducationarenotedwithappreciationbytheCommittee.27.2 .2Withrespecttoarticle7oftheConvention,theholdingofseminarsandthesettingupoftrainingprogrammesforjudges,magistratesandlawenforcementofficials,providedinparticularbytheEthnicMinoritiesAdvisoryCommitteeandthePoliceTrainingCentres,whichareaimedattheeliminationofracialdiscriminationfromtherelationshipsbetweenmembersofthoseprofessionsandmembersofethnicminorities,arewelcomedbytheCommitte