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TRX3'X3' Letter3'Letter\ UK f f ( 3'LetterTUKUS., fX fX (43/ /  XX+88'882^ X'  __  _MLV -UKUK.,  TRX3'X3'3'LetterX3' Letter3'Letter\ UK f f ( TXXX  ++8888 (44/ /.01-882 882^-  OA0  +_9Q8_OKz|x p X@ExNx_SU088 8820 UNITED XV NATIONS  $" ?!' hdE8h?9UdTPzl` @X@E88088 8809V]MIz|` e* p @X@E` * 0` * Se SU Se' 88p88'+ p Distr.   p GENERAL nl   p  p _CEDAW_/SP/1998/2    p 6February1998    p  p ORIGINAL:ENGLISH 8 6   W?!' HhdE8Hh?-88 P888-  MEETINGOFSTATESPARTIESTOTHE %# ЀCONVENTIONONTHEELIMINATION  ЀOFALLFORMSOFDISCRIMINATION  ЀAGAINSTWOMEN ki Tenthmeeting -+ NewYork,17February1998  Item8oftheprovisionalagenda*b!_Y X  *     _  @bb-OTHERMATTERS  @44Declarations,reservations,objectionsandnotificationsof {y @44withdrawalofreservationsrelatingtotheConventiononthe =; @44EliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen_[X X  **     _Ԁ  @\\/CONTENTS EC! $ 88t88P$ t Page #  .38 8 P"88<3 I.0  INTRODUCTION.....................................................!!VP"8MK%##  II.0  CONVENTIONONTHEELIMINATIONOFALLFORMSOFDISCRIMINATION'##   AGAINSTWOMEN....................................................!!VP"8  (   A.0  Generalinformation..........................................!!VP"8""*##   B.  Textsofdeclarationsandreservations.......................!!UP"15 ##,     Algeria......................................................!!UP"15 %%.     Argentina....................................................!!UP"16 &&0  e'c'1 W WO W  _    Australia....................................................!!UP"16  @)CONTENTS(continued) R 3 88t8 8 P"3 t Page   38 8 P"88<3    Austria......................................................!!UP"17 Z      Bahamas......................................................!!UP"17       Bangladesh...................................................!!UP"18 b      Belgium......................................................!!UP"18       Brazil.......................................................!!UP"18 j      Chile........................................................!!UP"19       China........................................................!!UP"19 r      Cuba.........................................................!!UP"19 (     Cyprus.......................................................!!UP"20 z     Egypt........................................................!!UP"20 0     ElSalvador..................................................!!UP"21      Ethiopia.....................................................!!UP"21 8     Fiji.........................................................!!UP"22      France.......................................................!!UP"22 @      Germany......................................................!!UP"23  "     India........................................................!!UP"23 "H$     Indonesia....................................................!!UP"24 #&     Iraq.........................................................!!UP"24 %P(     Ireland......................................................!!UP"25 &*     Israel.......................................................!!UP"25 &(X!,     Italy........................................................!!UP"26 )".     Jamaica......................................................!!UP"26 .+`$0     Jordan.......................................................!!UP"26 ,%2  t-&3     Kuwait.......................................................!!UP"27  @)CONTENTS(continued) R 3 88t8 8 P"3 t Page   38 8 P"88<3    Lebanon......................................................!!UP"27 Z      Lesotho......................................................!!UP"28       LibyanArabJamahiriya.......................................!!UP"28 b      Liechtenstein................................................!!UP"29       Luxembourg...................................................!!UP"29 j      Malaysia.....................................................!!UP"29       Maldives.....................................................!!UP"30 r      Malta........................................................!!UP"30 (     Mauritius....................................................!!UP"31 z     Mexico.......................................................!!UP"31 0     Morocco......................................................!!UP"32      Myanmar......................................................!!UP"33 8     Netherlands..................................................!!UP"34      NewZealand..................................................!!UP"34 @      Pakistan.....................................................!!UP"35  "     RepublicofKorea............................................!!UP"35 "H$     Singapore....................................................!!UP"35 #&     Spain........................................................!!UP"36 %P(     Switzerland..................................................!!UP"36 &*     Thailand.....................................................!!UP"37 &(X!,     TrinidadandTobago..........................................!!UP"37 )".     Tunisia......................................................!!UP"37 .+`$0     Turkey.......................................................!!UP"38 ,%2  t-&3     UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.........!!UP"39  @)CONTENTS(continued) R 3 88t8 8 P"3 t 󀀀Page   38 8 P"88<3    Venezuela....................................................!!UP"43 Z      VietNam.....................................................!!UP"43       Yemen........................................................!!UP"43 b    C.  Objectionstocertaindeclarationsandreservations..........!!UP"44       ObjectionbyArgentinatotheapplicationoftheConventionto j      theFalklandIslands(Malvinas)andSouthGeorgiaandthe ,^      SouthSandwichIslandsbytheUnitedKingdom,notifiedupon       ratification.................................................!!UP"44       CommunicationoftheUnitedKingdomconcerningtheobjection 4f     ofArgentina.................................................!!UP"44 (     ObjectionbyAustriatothereservationsmadebyMaldives z     uponaccession...............................................!!UP"45 <n     ObjectionbyAustriatothereservationsmadebyPakistan      uponaccession...............................................!!UP"45      ObjectionbyCanadatothereservationsmadebyMaldives 8     uponaccession...............................................!!UP"46      ObjectionbyDenmarktothereservationmadebytheLibyan L~     ArabJamahiriyauponaccession...............................!!UP"46 @      ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadebyKuwait  "     uponaccession...............................................!!UP"47 T!#     ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadebyLesotho " %     uponaccession...............................................!!UP"48 #&     ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationmadebytheLibyan %P(     ArabJamahiriyauponaccession...............................!!UP"48 %)     ObjectionbyFinlandtothemodifiedreservationmadebythe d' +     LibyanArabJamahiriyauponaccession........................!!UP"48 &(X!,     ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadebyMalaysia )".     uponaccession...............................................!!UP"49 l*#/     ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadebyMaldives +"%1     uponaccession...............................................!!UP"50 ,%2  t-&3     ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadebyPakistan      uponaccession...............................................!!UP"50  @)CONTENTS(continued) R 3 88t8 8 P"3 t 󀀀Page   38 8 P"88<3    ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadebySingapore       uponaccession...............................................!!UP"51 Z      ObjectionbyGermanytothereservationsmadebyAlgeria       uponaccession...............................................!!UP"51        ObjectionbyGermanytothereservationsmadebyMalaysia $V      uponaccession...............................................!!UP"52       ObjectionbyGermanytothereservationsmadebyPakistan j      uponaccession...............................................!!UP"52 ,^      ObjectionsbyGermanytothereservationsmadebyBangladesh,       Iraq,theLibyanArabJamahiriya,Malawi,Mauritius,Thailand r      andTurkeyuponaccessionandbyBrazil,Egypt,Jamaica,the 4f     RepublicofKoreaandTunisiauponratification..............!!UP"53 (     ObjectionbyIsraeltothereservationmadebyIraqupon z     accession....................................................!!UP"54 <n     ObjectionsbyMexicotothereservationsmadebyBangladesh,      Cyprus,Iraq,theLibyanArabJamahiriya,Mauritius,Thailand      andTurkeyuponaccessionandbyEgypt,Jamaica,NewZealand Dv     andtheRepublicofKoreauponratification;communication 8     regardingMalawi.............................................!!UP"54      ObjectionsbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby L~     FijiandLesothouponaccession..............................!!UP"56 @      ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby  "     Kuwaituponaccession........................................!!UP"56 T!#     ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby " %     Malaysiauponaccession......................................!!UP"57 #&     ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby %P(     Pakistanuponaccession......................................!!UP"57 %)     ObjectionsbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby d' +     Bangladesh,Iraq,theLibyanArabJamahiriya,Malawi, &(X!,     Maldives,Mauritius,Morocco,ThailandandTurkeyupon ("-     accessionandbyBrazil,Egypt,India,Jamaica,theRepublic )".     ofKoreaandTunisiauponratification.......................!!UP"58 l*#/     ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby +"%1     Singaporeuponaccession.....................................!!UP"60 ,%2  t-&3     ObjectionsbyNorwaytothereservationsmadebyKuwait,the      LibyanArabJamahiriyaandMaldivesuponaccession...........!!UP"60  @)CONTENTS(continued)  F 3 88t8 8 P"3 t 󀀀Page   38 8 P"88<3    ObjectionbyNorwaytothereservationsmadebyLesotho  N     uponaccession...............................................!!UP"62       ObjectionbyNorwaytothereservationsmadebyMalaysia b      uponaccession...............................................!!UP"62 $V      ObjectionbyNorwaytothereservationsmadebyPakistan       uponaccession...............................................!!UP"63 j      ObjectionbyNorwaytothereservationsmadebySingapore       uponaccession...............................................!!UP"64       ObjectionbyPortugaltothereservationmadebyMaldives 4f     uponaccession...............................................!!UP"64 (     ObjectionsbySwedentothereservationsmadebyBangladesh, z     Iraq,theLibyanArabJamahiriya,Malawi,Maldives,Mauritius <n     andThailanduponaccessionandbyBrazil,Egypt,Jamaica, 0     Jordan,NewZealand,theRepublicofKoreaandTunisiaupon      ratification.................................................!!UP"64      ObjectionbySwedentothereservationsmadebyKuwait 8 Ѐ    uponaccession...............................................!!UP"66    D.  Notificationsofwithdrawalofcertainreservations..........!!UP"67 L~     Bangladesh...................................................!!UP"67 !     Belarus,UkraineandRussianFederation......................!!UP"67 T!#     Brazil.......................................................!!UP"67 " %     Bulgaria.....................................................!!UP"68 \$'     Canada.......................................................!!UP"68 %)     France.......................................................!!UP"68 d' +     Hungary......................................................!!UP"68 ("-     Ireland......................................................!!UP"68 l*#/     Jamaica......................................................!!UP"69 +"%1     Liechtenstein................................................!!UP"69 t-&3 Ї    Malawi.......................................................!!UP"69  @)CONTENTS(continued) R 3 88t8 8 P"3 t 󀀀Page   38 8 P"88<3    Mongolia.....................................................!!UP"69 Z      NewZealand..................................................!!UP"70       Poland.......................................................!!UP"70 b      RepublicofKorea............................................!!UP"70       Romania......................................................!!UP"70 j      Thailand.....................................................!!UP"70       UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.........!!UP"71 r  @0Annexes (  I.0  Statusofdeclarations,reservations,objectionsandnotificationsz##   ofwithdrawalofreservationsbyStatespartiesrelatedtoarticles <n   oftheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscrimination 0   againstWomen....................................................!!UP"75   II.  ArticlesoftheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof Dv   DiscriminationagainstWomenforwhichStatespartieshavenotyet 8   withdrawntheirreservations.....................................!!UP"84    @   -UKUK ,  TRX3'X3'3'LetterTunisiaupon   3'LetterX3' LetterTXX  ++8888 (44/ /..00119882 8 8 P"9c  @+I.INTRODUCTION  1. 2 Thepresentdocumentcontainsthedeclarations,reservations,objections  F andnotificationsofwithdrawalofreservationsmadebyStatespartieswith   respecttotheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscrimination   againstWomenreproducedinMultilateralTreatiesDepositedwiththe Z  Secretary-General:Statusasat31December1996.1Declarations,reservations,  N objectionsandnotificationsofwithdrawalofreservationsmadefrom2January   to1August1997havebeentakenfromthereportoftheSecretary-Generalonthe    statusoftheConvention(A/52/337).Declarations,reservations,objectionsand b  notificationsofwithdrawalofreservationsmadefrom2August1997to $V  26January1998havebeentakenfromtheMultilateralTreatiesWebsite.   @( ( II.CONVENTIONONTHEELIMINATIONOFALLFORMSOF ,^  @( ( DISCRIMINATIONAGAINSTWOMEN   @nn(A.Generalinformation r  2. 2 TheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainst ( WomenwasadoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyinitsresolution34/180of  18December1979.Itenteredintoforceon3September1981,inaccordancewith z theprovisionsofitsarticle27.ThestatusofStatespartieswithrespectto <n theConventionasof26January1998isshownbelow. 0 @StatusofStatespartieswithrespecttotheConventionon Dv @theEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainst󀀀 8 @&Womenasof26January1998  *\] ddd Xdd Xdd X8#8#,x ,x ,x +  8^_'@ @ 8State =`a,!!"^_ =Dateofsignature =bc,!""`a =Dateofreceiptof # theinstrumentof X $ ratification,accession !L% orsuccession<20!&"   bc <' 88882'+Afghanistan  14August1980 q#' Albania    11May1994a $) Algeria    22May1996ab %+ Andorra    15January1997a & - Angola    17September1986a '+!/ AntiguaandBarbuda    1August1989a )M"1 Argentina  17July1980  15July1985b =*o#3 Armenia    13September1993a _+$5 Australia  17July1980  28July1983b ,%7 +  -&9 *de ddx x x x x x \]8#8#,x ,x ,x +  8fg' 8 State =hi,!V"fg =Dateofsignature =jk,!V"hi =Dateofreceiptof V theinstrumentof J ratification,accession   orsuccession<20 "   jk <$ 8888n $+Austria  17July1980  31March1982b 1 c Azerbaijan    10July1995a S   Bahamas    6October1993ab u   Bangladesh    6November1984ab   Barbados  24July1980  16October1980  Belarus  17July1980  4February1981c   Belgium  17July1980  10July1985b /  Belize  7March1990  16May1990 Q  Benin  11November1981  12March1992 As  Bhutan  17July1980  31August1981 c Bolivia  30May1980  8June1990  BosniaandHerzegovina    1September1993d  Botswana    13August1996a  Brazil  31March1981b  1February1984bc ! Bulgaria  17July1980  8February1982c  ?# BurkinaFaso    14October1987a /a% Burundi  17July1980  8January1992 Q' Cambodia  17October1980  15October1992a s) Cameroon  6June1983  23August1994a + Canada  17July1980  10December1981c  - CapeVerde    5December1980a ! / CentralAfricanRepublic    21June1991a "-1 Chad    9June1995a $O3 Chile  17July1980  7December1989b ?%q5 China  17July1980b  4November1980b a&7 Colombia  17July1980  19January1982 ' 9 Comoros    31October1994a (!; Congo  29July1980  26July1982 )"= CostaRica  17July1980  4April1986 *$? C=ted'Ivoire  17July1980  18December1995a  ,=%A Croatia    9September1992d  --_&C +*lm ddx x x x x x de8#8#,x ,x ,x +  8no' 8State =pq,!V"no =Dateofsignature =rs,!V"pq =Dateofreceiptof V theinstrumentof J ratification,accession   orsuccession<20 "   rs <$ 8888n $+Cuba  6March1980  17July1980b 1 c Cyprus    23July1985ab S   CzechRepublice    22February1993cd u   Denmark  17July1980  21April1983   Dominica  15September1980  15September1980  DominicanRepublic  17July1980  2September1982   Ecuador  17July1980  9November1981 /  Egypt  16July1980b  18September1981b Q  ElSalvador  14November1980b  19August1981b As  EquatorialGuinea    23October1984a c Eritrea    5September1995a  Estonia    21October1991a  Ethiopia  8July1980  10September1981b  Fiji    28August1995ab ! Finland  17July1980  4September1986  ?# France  17July1980b  14December1983bc /a% Gabon  17July1980  21January1983 Q' Gambia  29July1980  16April1993 s) Georgia    26October1994a + Germanyf  17July1980  10July1985b  - Ghana  17July1980  2January1986 ! / Greece  2March1982  7June1983 "-1 Grenada  17July1980  30August1990 $O3 Guatemala  8June1981  12August1982 ?%q5 Guinea  17July1980  9August1982 a&7 Guinea-Bissau  17July1980  23August1985 ' 9 Guyana  17July1980  17July1980 (!; Haiti  17July1980  20July1981 )"= Honduras  11June1980  3March1983 *$? Hungary  6June1980  22December1980c  ,=%A Iceland  24July1980  18June1985  --_&C +*tu ddx x x x x x lm8#8#,x ,x ,x +  8vw' 8State =xy,!V"vw =Dateofsignature =z{,!V"xy =Dateofreceiptof V theinstrumentof J ratification,accession   orsuccession<20 "   z{ <$ 8888n $+India  30July1980b  9July1993b 1 c Indonesia  29July1980  13September1984b S   Iraq    13August1986a u   Ireland    23December1985abc   Israel  17July1980  3October1991b  Italy  17July1980b  10June1985   Jamaica  17July1980  19October1984bc /  Japan  17July1980  25June1985 Q  Jordan  3December1980b  1July1992b As  Kenya    9March1984a c Kuwait    2September1994ab  Kyrgyzstan    10February1997a  +LaoPeople'sDemocratic  +Republic  17July1980  14August1981   Latvia    14April1992a " Lesotho  17July1980  22August1995ab $ Liberia    17July1984a #& LibyanArabJamahiriya    16May1989ab E( Lebanon    21April1997ab 5g* Liechtenstein    22December1995a W , Lithuania    18January1994a y!. Luxembourg  17July1980  2February1989b "0 Madagascar  17July1980  17March1989 #2 Malawi    12March1987ac $4 Malaysia    5July1995ab &36 Maldives    1July1993ab #'U 8 Mali  5February1985  10September1985 E(w!: Malta    8March1991ab g)"< Mauritius    9July1984ab *#> Mexico  17July1980b  23March1981 +$@ Mongolia  17July1980  20July1981c  ,%B +*|} ddx x x x x x tu8#8#,x ,x ,x +  8~' 8State =,!V"~ =Dateofsignature =,!V" =Dateofreceiptof V theinstrumentof J ratification,accession   orsuccession<20 "    <$ 8888n $+Morocco    21June1993ab 1 c Mozambique    16April1997a S   Myanmar    22July1997a u   Namibia    23November1992a   Nepal  5February1991  22April1991  Netherlands  17July1980  23July1991   NewZealand  17July1980  10January1985bc /  Nicaragua  17July1980  27October1981 Q  Nigeria  23April1984  13June1985 As  Norway  17July1980  21May1981 c Pakistan    12March1996ab  Panama  26June1980  29October1981  PapuaNewGuinea    12January1995a  Paraguay    6April1987a ! Peru  23July1981  13September1982  ?# Philippines  15July1980  5August1981 /a% Poland  29May1980  30July1980b Q' Portugal  24April1980  30July1980 s) RepublicofKorea  25May1983b  27December1984bc + RepublicofMoldova    1July1994a  - Romania  4September1980b  7January1982b ! / RussianFederation  17July1980  23January1981c "-1 Rwanda  1May1980  2March1981 $O3 SaintKittsandNevis    25April1985a ?%q5 SaintLucia    8October1982a a&7 +SaintVincentandthe ' 9 +Grenadines    4August1981a E(w!: Samoa    25September1992a g)"< SaoTomeandPrincipe  31October1995 *#> Senegal  29July1980  5February1985 +$@ Seychelles    5May1992a  ,%B +* ddx x x x x x |}8#8#,x ,x ,x +  8' 8State =,!V" =Dateofsignature =,!V" =Dateofreceiptof V theinstrumentof J ratification,accession   orsuccession<20 "    <$ 8888n $+SierraLeone  21September1988  11November1988 1 c Singapore    5October1995ab S   Slovakiae    28May1993d u   Slovenia    6July1992d   SouthAfrica  29January1993  15December1995a  Spain  17July1980  5January1984b   SriLanka  17July1980  5October1981 /  Suriname    1March1993a Q  Sweden  7March1980  2July1980 As  Switzerland  23January1987  27March1997a c Tajikistan    26October1993a  Thailand    9August1985abc  +TheformerYugoslav  +RepublicofMacedonia    18January1994d   Togo    26September1983a " TrinidadandTobago  27June1985b  12January1990b $ Tunisia  24July1980  20September1985b #& Turkey    20December1985ab E( Turkmenistan    1May1997a 5g* Uganda  30July1980  22July1985 W , Ukraine  17July1980  12March1981c y!. +UnitedKingdomofGreat "0 BritainandNorthern ]#1 +Ireland  22July1981  7April1986b $Q2 +UnitedRepublicof A%s4 +Tanzania  17July1980  20August1985 &55 UnitedStatesofAmerica  17July1980 %'W 7 Uruguay  30March1981  9October1981 G(y!9 Uzbekistan    19July1995a i)"; Vanuatu    8September1995a *#= Venezuela  17July1980  2May1983b +$? VietNam  29July1980  17February1982b  ,&A +* ddx x x x x x 8#8#,x ,x ,x +  8' 8State =,!V" =Dateofsignature =,!V" =Dateofreceiptof V theinstrumentof J ratification,accession   orsuccession<20 "    <$ 8888n $+Yemeng    30May1984ab 1 c Yugoslavia  17July1980  26February1982 S   Zaire  17July1980  17October1986 u   Zambia  17July1980  21June1985   Zimbabwe    13May1991a  ?!' hdE8h?   $ 8o 88n $+  aAccession. I    bDeclarationsorreservations.     cReservationsubsequentlywithdrawn. Q   dSuccession.    eBeforebecomingaseparateStateon1January1993,theCzechRepublicand 'Y SlovakiaformedpartofCzechoslovakia,whichhadratifiedtheConventionon  16February1982.TheConventionenteredintoforceon18March1982.    fWitheffectfrom3October1990,theGermanDemocraticRepublic(which /a! ratifiedtheConventionon9July1980)andtheFederalRepublicofGermany #" (whichratifiedtheConventionon10July1985)unitedtoformonesovereign # State,whichactsintheUnitedNationsunderthedesignationof"Germany". u$   gOn22May1990,DemocraticYemenandYemenmergedtoformasingleState, +& whichactsintheUnitedNationsunderthedesignationof"Yemen". '   ?!q) @ B.Textsofdeclarationsandreservations  @0ALGERIA  F 44H#[Original:French]   44H#[22May1996]  N Reservation    Article2 $V  $882 8$ 2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sDemocraticRepublicofAlgeriadeclaresthat   itispreparedtoapplytheprovisionsofthisarticleonconditionthattheydo j  notconflictwiththeprovisionsoftheAlgerianFamilyCode. ,^  Article9,paragraph2    2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sDemocraticRepublicofAlgeriawishesto 4f expressitsreservationsconcerningtheprovisionsofarticle9,paragraph2, ( whichareincompatiblewiththeprovisionsoftheAlgerianNationalityCodeand  theAlgerianFamilyCode. z  2 TheAlgerianNationalityCodeallowsachildtotakethenationalityofthe 0 motheronlywhen:   2 -0  Thefatheriseitherunknownorstateless;Dv##  2 -0  ThechildisborninAlgeriatoanAlgerianmotherandaforeign  fatherwhowasborninAlgeria.## Moreover,achildborninAlgeriatoanAlgerianmotherandaforeignfatherwho @  wasnotbornonAlgerianterritorymay,underarticle26oftheAlgerian ! NationalityCode,acquirethenationalityofthemotherprovidingtheMinistry  " ofJusticedoesnotobject. T!#  2 Article41oftheAlgerianFamilyCodestatesthatachildisaffiliatedto " % itsfatherthroughlegalmarriage. #&  2 Article43ofthatCodestatesthat"thechildisaffiliatedtoitsfather %P( ifitisborninthe10monthsfollowingthedateofseparationordeath". %) Article15,paragraph4 d' +  2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sDemocraticRepublicofAlgeriadeclaresthat ("- theprovisionsofarticle15,paragraph4,concerningtherightofwomento )". choosetheirresidenceanddomicileshouldnotbeinterpretedinsuchamanner l*#/ astocontradicttheprovisionsofchapter4(art.37)oftheAlgeriaFamily .+`$0 Code. +"%1   ,%2 &   Article16   2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sDemocraticRepublicofAlgeriadeclaresthat R 'theprovisionsofarticle16concerningequalrightsformenandwomeninall  F mattersrelatingtomarriage,bothduringmarriageandatitsdissolution,   shouldnotcontradicttheprovisionsoftheAlgerianFamilyCode.   Article29  N  2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sDemocraticRepublicofAlgeriadoesnot    consideritselfboundbyarticle29,paragraph1,whichstatesthatanydispute b  betweentwoormoreStatespartiesconcerningtheinterpretationorapplication $V  oftheConventionwhichisnotsettledbynegotiationshall,attherequestof   oneofthem,besubmittedtoarbitrationortotheInternationalCourtof   Justice. j   2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sDemocraticRepublicofAlgeriaholdsthatno   suchdisputecanbesubmittedtoarbitrationortotheInternationalCourtof   Justiceexceptwiththeconsentofallthepartiestothedispute. r  @**/ARGENTINA  G#[Original:Spanish] <n G#[15July1985]  Reservation Dv  2 TheGovernmentofArgentinadeclaresthatitdoesnotconsideritselfbound  byarticle29,paragraph1,oftheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof  DiscriminationagainstWomen. L~ @**/AUSTRALIA  " G#[Original:English] "H$ G#[28July1983] #& Declaration %P(  2 Australiahasafederalconstitutionalsysteminwhichlegislative, &* executiveandjudicialpowersaresharedordistributedbetweentheCommonwealth d' + andtheConstituentStates.TheimplementationoftheTreatythroughout &(X!, AustraliawillbeeffectedbytheCommonwealthStateandTerritoryAuthorities ("- havingregardtotheirrespectiveconstitutionalpowersandarrangements )". concerningtheirexercise. l*#/   .+`$0 &    Reservations   2 TheGovernmentofAustraliastatesthatmaternityleavewithpayis R  '&providedinrespectofmostwomenemployedbytheCommonwealthGovernmentand  F theGovernmentsofNewSouthWalesandVictoria.Unpaidmaternityleaveis   providedinrespectofallotherwomenemployedintheStateofNewSouthWales   andelsewheretowomenemployedunderFederalandsomeStateindustrialawards. Z  Socialsecuritybenefitssubjecttoincometestsareavailabletowomenwhoare  N soleparents.    2 TheGovernmentofAustraliaadvisesthatitisnotatpresentinaposition b  totakethemeasuresrequiredbyarticle11(2)(b)tointroducematernityleave $V  withpayorwithcomparablesocialbenefitsthroughoutAustralia.    2 TheGovernmentofAustraliaadvisesthatitdoesnotaccepttheapplication j  oftheConventioninsofarasitwouldrequirealterationofDefenceForce ,^  policywhichexcludeswomenfromcombatandcombat-relatedduties.The   GovernmentofAustraliaisreviewingthispolicysoastomorecloselydefine   "combat"and"combat-relatedduties". r  @0AUSTRIA  G#[Original:English] <n G#[31March1982]  Reservation Dv  2 Austriareservesitsrighttoapplytheprovisionofarticle7(b)asfar  asserviceinthearmedforcesisconcerned,andtheprovisionofarticle11as  farasnightworkofwomenandspecialprotectionofworkingwomenisconcerned, L~ withinthelimitsestablishedbynationallegislation. @  @0BAHAMAS T!# G#[Original:English] " % G#[6October1993] \$' Reservation %)  2 TheGovernmentoftheCommonwealthoftheBahamasdoesnotconsideritself d' + boundbytheprovisionsofarticle2(a),article9,paragraph2,article16, &(X!, paragraph1(h)[and]article29,paragraph1,oftheConvention. ("-   l*#/ &     @.BANGLADESH  G#[Original:English] R G#[6November1984]   Reservation Z   2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofBangladeshdoesnotconsideras   'Tbindinguponitselftheprovisionsofarticles2,and16(1)(c)asthey    conflictwithShariahlawbasedonHolyQur'anandSunna. b  @0BELGIUM   44H#[Original:French] ,^  44H#[3July1985]   Reservations 4f  2 Article7   2 Theapplicationofarticle7shallnotaffectthevalidityofthe <n provisionsoftheConstitutionaslaiddowninarticle60,whichreservesfor 0 mentheexerciseofroyalpowers,andinarticle58,whichreservesforthesons  oftheKingor,wheretherearenone,forBelgianprincesofthebranchofthe  royalfamilyinlinetothethrone,thefunctionofexofficiosenatorsasfrom Dv theageof18years,withentitlementtovoteasfromtheageof25years. 8  2 Article15,paragraphs2and3   2 Theapplicationofarticle15,paragraphs2and3,shallnotaffectthe @  validityoftheinterimprovisionsenactedforcouplesmarriedbeforetheentry ! intoforceoftheActof14July1976concerningthereciprocalrightsand  " dutiesofhusbandsandwivesandtheirmarriagecontracts,incaseswhere,in T!# accordancewiththeoptionavailabletothemundertheAct,theyhavedeclared "H$ theyaremaintainingintototheirpriormarriagecontracts. " % @0BRAZIL %P( G#[Original:English] &* G#[1February1984] &(X!, Reservation )".  2 Brazildoesnotconsideritselfboundbyarticle29,paragraph1,ofthe .+`$0 Convention. +"%1  t-&3 &  @1CHILE  G#[Original:Spanish] R G#[17July1980]   Declaration Z   2 TheGovernmentofChilehassignedthisConventionontheEliminationof   'AllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen,mindfuloftheimportantstepwhich    thisdocumentrepresents,notonlyintermsoftheeliminationofallformsof b  discriminationagainstwomen,butalsointermsoftheirfullandpermanent $V  integrationintosocietyinconditionsofequality.    2 TheGovernmentisobligedtostate,however,thatsomeoftheprovisionsof j  theConventionarenotentirelycompatiblewithcurrentChileanlegislation. ,^   2 Atthesametime,itreportstheestablishmentofaCommissionforthe   StudyandReformoftheCivilCode,whichnowhasbeforeitvariousproposalsto r  amend,interalia,thoseprovisionswhicharenotfullyconsistentwiththe 4f termsoftheConvention. ( @1CHINA <n G#[Original:Chinese]  G#[4November1980] Dv Reservation   2 ThePeople'sRepublicofChinadoesnotconsideritselfboundby L~ paragraph1ofarticle29oftheConvention. @  @$$1CUBA T!# G#[Original:Spanish] " % G#[17July1980] \$' Reservation %)  2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicofCubamakesaspecificreservation d' + concerningtheprovisionsofarticle29oftheConventioninasmuchasitholds &(X!, thatanydisputesthatmayarisebetweenStatespartiesshouldberesolvedby ("- meansofdirectnegotiationsthroughthediplomaticchannel. )".   .+`$0 &     @0CYPRUS  G#[Original:English] R G#[23July1985]   Reservation Z   2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicofCypruswishestoenterareservation   'concerningthegrantingtowomenofequalrightswithmenwithrespecttothe    nationalityoftheirchildren,mentionedinarticle9,paragraph2,ofthe b  Convention.Thisreservationistobewithdrawnuponamendmentoftherelevant $V  Law.   @1EGYPT ,^  G#[Original:Arabic]   G#[18September1981] 4f Reservations   2 Article9 <n  2 Reservationtothetextofarticle9,paragraph2,concerningthegranting  towomenofequalrightswithmenwithrespecttothenationalityoftheir  children,withoutprejudicetotheacquisitionbyachildbornofamarriageof Dv thenationalityofhisfather.Thisisinordertopreventachild's 8 acquisitionoftwonationalities,sincethismaybeprejudicialtohisfuture.  Itisclearthatthechild'sacquisitionofhisfather'snationalityisthe  proceduremostsuitableforthechildandthatthisdoesnotinfringeuponthe L~ principleofequalitybetweenmenandwomen,sinceitiscustomaryforawoman @  toagree,uponmarryinganalien,thatherchildrenshallbeofthefather's ! nationality.  "  2 Article16 "H$  2 Reservationtothetextofarticle16concerningtheequalityofmenand #& womeninallmattersrelatingtomarriageandfamilyrelationsduringthe \$' marriageanduponitsdissolution,withoutprejudicetotheIslamicShariah %P( provisionswherebywomenareaccordedrightsequivalenttothoseoftheir %) spousessoastoensureajustbalancebetweenthem.Thisisoutofrespectfor &* thesacrosanctnatureofthefirmreligiousbeliefswhichgovernmarital d' + relationsinEgyptandwhichmaynotbecalledinquestionandinviewofthe &(X!, factthatoneofthemostimportantbasesoftheserelationsisanequivalency ("- ofrightsanddutiessoastoensurecomplementaritywhichguaranteestrue )". equalitybetweenthespouses,notaquasi-equalitythatrendersthemarriagea l*#/ burdenonthewife.TheprovisionsoftheShariahlaydownthatthehusband .+`$0 shallpaybridalmoneytothewifeandmaintainherfullyandshallalsomakea +"%1 paymenttoherupondivorce,whereasthewiferetainsfullrightsoverher ,%2 propertyandisnotobligedtospendanythingonherkeep.TheShariah t-&3 thereforerestrictsthewife'srightstodivorcebymakingitcontingentona  judge'sruling,whereasnosuchrestrictionislaiddowninthecaseofthe  husband. R  2 Article29    2 TheEgyptiandelegationmaintainsthereservationcontainedinarticle29, Z  paragraph2,concerningtherightofaStatesignatorytotheConventionto  N declarethatitdoesnotconsideritselfboundbyparagraph1ofthatarticle   concerningthesubmissiontoanarbitralbodyofanydisputewhichmayarise    betweenStatesconcerningtheinterpretationorapplicationoftheConvention. b  Thisisinordertoavoidbeingboundbythesystemofarbitrationinthis $V  field.    2 Generalreservationtoarticle2 j   2 TheArabRepublicofEgyptiswillingtocomplywiththecontentofthis   article,providedthatsuchcompliancedoesnotruncountertotheIslamic   Shariah. r  @.ELSALVADOR  G#[Original:Spanish] <n G#[19August1981]  Reservation Dv  2 TheGovernmentofElSalvadormadeareservationwithregardtothe  applicationoftheprovisionsofarticle29,paragraph1,oftheConvention.  @\\/ETHIOPIA ! G#[Original:English] T!# G#[10September1981] " % Reservation \$'  2 SocialistEthiopiadoesnotconsideritselfboundbyparagraph1of %) article29oftheConvention. &*   &(X!, &   @$$1FIJI  G#[Original:English] R G#[28August1995]   Reservation Z   2 ...withreservationsonarticles5(a)and9oftheConvention.   '>@0FRANCE $V  44H#[Original:French]   44H#[14December1983] ,^  Declarations    2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicdeclaresthatthepreambletothe 4f Convention-inparticulartheeleventhpreambularparagraph-contains ( debatableelementswhicharedefinitelyoutofplaceinthistext.   2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicdeclaresthattheterm"family <n education"inarticle5(b)oftheConventionmustbeinterpretedasmeaning 0 publiceducationconcerningthefamilyandthat,inanyevent,article5willbe  appliedsubjecttorespectforarticle17oftheInternationalCovenantonCivil  andPoliticalRightsandarticle8oftheEuropeanConventionfortheProtection Dv ofHumanRightsandFundamentalFreedoms. 8  2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicdeclaresthatnoprovisionofthe  ConventionmustbeinterpretedasprevailingoverprovisionsofFrench L~ legislationwhicharemorefavourabletowomenthantomen. @  Reservations  "  2 Article14 "H$ 1. 2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicdeclaresthatarticle14, #& paragraph2(c),shouldbeinterpretedasguaranteeingthatwomenwhofulfilthe \$' conditionsrelatingtofamilyoremploymentrequiredbyFrenchlegislationfor %P( personalparticipationshallacquiretheirownrightswithintheframeworkof %) socialsecurity. &* 2. 2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicdeclaresthatarticle14, &(X!, paragraph2(h),oftheConventionshouldnotbeinterpretedasimplyingthe ("- actualprovision,freeofcharge,oftheservicesmentionedinthatparagraph. )".   l*#/ &   2 Article16      2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicentersareservationconcerningthe  'righttochooseafamilynamementionedinarticle16,paragraph1(g),ofthe  Convention. R   2 Article29    2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicdeclares,inpursuanceofarticle29, Z  paragraph2,oftheConvention,thatitwillnotbeboundbytheprovisionsof  N article29,paragraph1.   @0GERMANY $V  G#[Original:English]   G#[10July1985] ,^  Declaration    2 Therightofpeoplestoself-determination,asenshrinedintheCharterof 4f theUnitedNationsandintheInternationalCovenantsof19December1966, ( appliestoallpeoplesandnotonlytothoselivingunderalienandcolonial  dominationandforeignoccupation.Allpeoplesthushavetheinalienableright z freelytodeterminetheirpoliticalstatusandfreelytopursuetheireconomic, <n socialandculturaldevelopment.TheFederalRepublicofGermanywouldbe 0 unabletorecognizeaslegallyvalidaninterpretationoftherightto  self-determinationwhichcontradictstheunequivocalwordingoftheCharterof  theUnitedNationsandofthetwoInternationalCovenantsof19December1966on Dv CivilandPoliticalRightsandonEconomic,SocialandCulturalRights.Itwill 8 interprettheeleventhparagraphofthepreambleaccordingly.  Reservation L~  2 Article7(b)willnotbeappliedtotheextentthatitcontradictsthe ! secondsentenceofarticle12a(4)oftheBasicLawoftheFederalRepublicof  " Germany.PursuanttothisprovisionoftheConstitution,womenmayonno T!# accountrenderserviceinvolvingtheuseofarms. "H$ @1INDIA \$' G#[Original:English] %) G#[9July1993] d' + Declarations ("-  2 Withregardtoarticles5(a)and16(1)oftheConventiononthe l*#/ EliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen,theGovernmentofthe .+`$0 RepublicofIndiadeclaresthatitshallabidebyandensuretheseprovisionsin +"%1 conformitywithitspolicyofnon-interferenceinthepersonalaffairsofany ,%2 communitywithoutitsinitiativeandconsent. t-&3 Ї 2 Withregardtoarticle16(2)oftheConventionontheEliminationofAll  FormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen,theGovernmentoftheRepublicofIndia  declaresthat,thoughinprincipleitfullysupportstheprincipleofcompulsory R registrationofmarriages,itisnotpracticalinavastcountrylikeIndiawith  F itsvarietyofcustoms,religionsandlevelofliteracy.   Reservation Z   2 Withregardtoarticle29oftheConventionontheEliminationofAllForms   ofDiscriminationagainstWomen,theGovernmentoftheRepublicofIndia    declaresthatitdoesnotconsideritselfboundbyparagraph1ofthisarticle. b  @**/INDONESIA   G#[Original:English] ,^  G#[13September1984]   Reservation 4f  2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicofIndonesiadoesnotconsideritselfbound  bytheprovisionofarticle29,paragraph1,ofthisConventionandtakesthe z positionthatanydisputerelatingtotheinterpretationorapplicationofthe <n ConventionmayonlybesubmittedtoarbitrationortotheInternationalCourtof 0 Justicewiththeagreementofallthepartiestothedispute.  @$$1IRAQ 8 44H#[Original:Arabic]  44H#[13August1986] @  Reservations  " 1. 2 ApprovalofandaccessiontothisConventionshallnotmeanthatthe "H$ RepublicofIraqisboundbytheprovisionsofarticle2,subparagraphs(f)and " % (g),ofarticle9,paragraphs1and2,orofarticle16oftheConvention.The #& reservationstothislast-mentionedarticleshallbewithoutprejudicetothe \$' provisionsoftheIslamicShariahaccordingwomenrightsequivalenttothe %P( rightsoftheirspousessoastoensureajustbalancebetweenthem.Iraqalso %) entersareservationtoarticle29,paragraph1,ofthisConventionwithregard &* totheprincipleofinternationalarbitrationinconnectionwiththe d' + interpretationorapplicationofthisConvention. &(X!, 2. 2 Thisapprovalinnowayimpliesrecognitionoforentryintoanyrelations )". withIsrael. l*#/   +"%1 &     @0IRELAND  G#[Original:English] R G#[23December1985]   Reservations Z   2 Article13,subparagraphs(b)and(c)    2 Thequestionofsupplementingtheguaranteeofequalitycontainedinthe b  ' 1IrishConstitutionwithspeciallegislationgoverningaccesstofinancialcredit $V  andotherservicesandrecreationalactivities,wheretheseareprovidedby   privatepersons,organizationsorenterprises,isunderconsideration.Forthe   timebeingIrelandreservestherighttoregarditsexistinglawandmeasuresin j  thisareaasappropriatefortheattainmentinIrelandoftheobjectivesofthe ,^  Convention.    2 Article15 r   2 Withregardtoparagraph3ofthisarticle,Irelandreservestherightnot ( tosupplementtheexistingprovisionsinIrishlawwhichaccordwomenalegal  capacityidenticaltothatofmenwithfurtherlegislationgoverningthe z validityofanycontractorotherprivateinstrumentfreelyenteredintobya <n woman. 0  2 Article16,paragraphs1(d)and(f)   2 IrelandisoftheviewthattheattainmentinIrelandoftheobjectivesof 8 theConventiondoesnotnecessitatetheextensiontomenofrightsidenticalto  thoseaccordedbylawtowomeninrespectoftheguardianship,adoptionand  custodyofchildrenbornoutofwedlockandreservestherighttoimplementthe L~ Conventionsubjecttothatunderstanding. @  @0ISRAEL T!# G#[Original:English] " % G#[3October1991] \$' Reservations %)  2 TheStateofIsraelherebyexpressesitsreservationwithregardto d' + article7(b)oftheConventionconcerningtheappointmentofwomentoserveas &(X!, judgesofreligiouscourtswherethisisprohibitedbythelawsofanyofthe ("- religiouscommunitiesinIsrael.Otherwise,thesaidarticleisfully )". implementedinIsrael,inviewofthefactthatwomentakeaprominentpartin l*#/ allaspectsofpubliclife. .+`$0  2 TheStateofIsraelherebyexpressesitsreservationwithregardto ,%2 article16oftheConvention,insofarasthelawsofpersonalstatusbinding t-&3 ontheseveralreligiouscommunitiesinIsraeldonotconformwiththe  provisionsofthatarticle.  Declaration  F  2 Inaccordancewithparagraph2ofarticle29oftheConvention,theState   ofIsraelherebydeclaresthatitdoesnotconsideritselfboundbyparagraph1 Z  ofthatarticle.  N @1ITALY b  G#[Original:English]   G#[17July1980] j  Reservation    2 Italyreservestherighttoexercise,whendepositingtheinstrumentof r  ratification,theoptionprovidedforinarticle19oftheViennaConventionon 4f theLawofTreatiesof23May1969. ( @0JAMAICA <n G#[Original:English]  G#[19October1984] Dv Reservations   2 TheGovernmentofJamaicadeclaresthatitdoesnotconsideritselfbound L~ bytheprovisionsofarticle29,paragraph2,oftheConvention. @   2 TheGovernmentofJamaicadeclaresthatitdoesnotconsideritselfbound  " bytheprovisionsofarticle29,paragraph1,oftheConvention. T!# @0JORDAN #& 44H#[Original:Arabic] %P( 44H#[1July1992] &* Reservation &(X!,  2 Jordandoesnotconsideritselfboundbythefollowingprovisions: )".  2 (a)  Article9,paragraph2; .+`$0  2 (b)  Article15,paragraph4(awoman'sresidenceanddomicilearewithher ,%2 husband); t-&3 Ї 2 (c)  Article16,paragraph1(c),relatingtotherightsarisinguponthe  dissolutionofamarriageinconnectionwithmaintenanceandcompensation;   2 (d)  Article16,paragraphs1(d)and(g).  F @0KUWAIT Z  44H#[Original:Arabic]   44H#[2September1994] b  Reservations    2 TheGovernmentofKuwaitentersareservationregardingarticle7(a), j  inasmuchastheprovisioncontainedinthatparagraphconflictswiththeKuwaiti ,^  ElectoralAct,underwhichtherighttobeeligibleforelectionandtovoteis   restrictedtomales.    2 TheGovernmentofKuwaitreservesitsrightnottoimplementtheprovision 4f containedinarticle9,paragraph2,oftheConvention,inasmuchasitruns ( countertotheKuwaitiNationalityAct,whichstipulatesthatachild's  nationalityshallbedeterminedbythatofhisfather. z  2 TheGovernmentoftheStateofKuwaitdeclaresthatitdoesnotconsider 0 itselfboundbytheprovisioncontainedinarticle16,paragraph1(f),inasmuch  asitconflictswiththeprovisionsoftheIslamicShariah,Islambeingthe  officialreligionoftheState. Dv  2 TheGovernmentofKuwaitdeclaresthatitisnotboundbytheprovision  containedinarticle29,paragraph1.  @0LEBANON ! 44H#[Original:French] T!# 44H#[21April1997] " % Reservation \$'  2 TheGovernmentoftheLebaneseRepublicentersreservationsregarding %) article9(2),andarticle16(1)(c)(d)(f)and(g)(regardingtherightto &* chooseafamilyname). d' +  2 Inaccordancewithparagraph2ofarticle29,theGovernmentofthe ("- LebaneseRepublicdeclaresthatitdoesnotconsideritselfboundbythe )". provisionsofparagraph1ofthatarticle. l*#/   +"%1 & V    @0LESOTHO  G#[Original:English] R G#[22August1995]   Declaration Z   2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomofLesothodeclaresthatitdoesnotconsider   itselfboundbyarticle2totheextentthatitconflictswithLesotho's    'VNconstitutionalstipulationsrelativetosuccessiontothethroneoftheKingdom b  ofLesothoandlawrelatingtosuccessiontochieftainship.Theratificationby $V  theGovernmentofLesothoissubjecttotheunderstandingthatnoneofits   obligationsundertheConvention,especiallyinarticle2(e),shallbetreated   asextendingtotheaffairsofreligiousdenominations. j   2 Furthermore,theGovernmentofLesothodeclaresitshallnottakeany   legislativemeasuresundertheConventionwherethosemeasureswouldbe   incompatiblewiththeConstitutionofLesotho. r  @(LIBYANARABJAMAHIRIYA  44H#[Original:Arabic] <n 44H#[16May1989]  Reservation Dv  2 Accessionissubjecttothegeneralreservationthatsuchaccessioncannot  conflictwiththelawsonpersonalstatusderivedfromtheIslamicShariah.   2 On5July1995,theGovernmentoftheLibyanArabJamahiriyanotifiedthe @  SecretaryGeneralofitsdecisiontomodify,makingitmorespecific,the ! generalreservationithadmadeuponaccession,toreadasfollows:  " 44H#[Original:Arabic] "H$ 44H#[5July1995] #&  2 TheSocialistPeople'sLibyanArabJamahiriyahasdeclareditsaccessionto %P( theConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen, %) adoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNationson18December1979,with &* thefollowingreservation: d' + 1. 2 Article2oftheConventionshallbeimplementedwithdueregardforthe ("- peremptorynormsoftheIslamicShariahrelatingtodeterminationofthe )". inheritanceportionsoftheestateofadeceasedperson,whetherfemaleormale. l*#/ 2. 2 Theimplementationofarticle16,paragraphs1(c)and(d)ofthe +"%1 Conventionshallbewithoutprejudicetoanyoftherightsguaranteedtowomen ,%2 bytheIslamicShariah. t-&3 Ї@bb-LIECHTENSTEIN  G#[Original:English] R G#[22December1995]   Reservationconcerningarticle1 Z  0 2   "Inthelightofthedefinitiongiveninarticle1oftheConvention,   thePrincipalityofLiechtensteinreservestherighttoapply,withrespect    toalltheobligationsoftheConvention,article3oftheLiechtenstein b  Constitution."$V 2#2#  2 ...   @.LUXEMBOURG   44H#[Original:French] r  44H#[2February1989] ( Reservations z  2 (a)  Theapplicationofarticle7shallnotaffectthevalidityofthe 0 articleofourConstitutionconcerningthehereditarytransmissionofthecrown  oftheGrandDuchyofLuxembourg,inaccordancewiththefamilycompactofthe  HouseofNassauof30June1783,maintainedbyarticle71oftheTreatyof Dv Viennaof9June1815andexpresslymaintainedbyarticle1oftheTreatyof 8 Londonof11May1867.   2 (b)  Theapplicationofparagraph1(g)ofarticle16oftheConvention L~ shallnotaffecttherighttochoosethefamilynameofchildren. @  @\\/MALAYSIA T!# G#[Original:English] " % G#[5July1995] \$' Reservation %)  2 TheGovernmentofMalaysiadeclaresthatMalaysia'saccessionissubjectto d' + theunderstandingthattheprovisionsoftheConventiondonotconflictwiththe &(X!, provisionsoftheIslamicShariahlawandtheFederalConstitutionofMalaysia. ("- Withregardthereto,further,theGovernmentofMalaysiadoesnotconsider )". itselfboundbytheprovisionsofarticles2(f),5(a),7(b),9and16ofthe l*#/ aforesaidConvention. .+`$0   +"%1  2 Inrelationtoarticle11,Malaysiainterpretstheprovisionsofthis  articleasareferencetotheprohibitionofdiscriminationonthebasisof  equalitybetweenmenandwomenonly. R  @\\/MALDIVES   G#[Original:English]  N G#[1July1993]    Reservations $V   2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicofMaldiveswillcomplywiththeprovisions   oftheConvention,exceptthosewhichtheGovernmentmayconsidercontradictory j  totheprinciplesoftheIslamicShariah,uponwhichthelawsandtraditionsof ,^  theMaldivesarefounded.    2 Furthermore,theRepublicofMaldivesdoesnotseeitselfboundbyany r  provisionoftheConventionwhichobligesittochangeitsConstitutionandlaws 4f inanymanner. ( @1MALTA <n G#[Original:English]  G#[8March1991] Dv Reservations   2 Article11 L~  2 TheGovernmentofMaltainterpretsparagraph1ofarticle11,inthelight ! oftheprovisionsofparagraph2ofarticle4,asnotprecludingprohibitions,  " restrictionsorconditionsontheemploymentofwomenincertainareas,orthe T!# workdonebythem,wherethisisconsiderednecessaryordesirabletoprotect "H$ thehealthandsafetyofwomenorthehumanfoetus,includingsuchprohibitions, " % restrictionsorconditionsimposedinconsequenceofotherinternational #& obligationsofMalta. \$'  2 Article13 %)  2 (i)0  TheGovernmentofMaltareservestheright,notwithstandinganything d' + intheConvention,tocontinuetoapplyitstaxlegislation,which &(X!, deems,incertaincircumstances,theincomeofamarriedwomantobe ("- theincomeofherhusbandandtaxableassuch.)".## ̀(ii)0  TheGovernmentofMaltareservestherighttocontinuetoapplyits .+`$0 socialsecuritylegislation,whichincertaincircumstancesmakes +"%1 certainbenefitspayabletotheheadofthehousehold,whichis,by ,%2 suchlegislation,presumedtobethehusband.t-&3## Ї 2 Articles13,15and16   2 WhiletheGovernmentofMaltaiscommittedtoremove,insofaraspossible, R allaspectsoffamilypropertylawwhichmaybeconsideredasdiscriminatoryto  F females,itreservestherighttocontinuetoapplypresentlegislationinthat   regarduntilsuchtimeasthelawisreformedandduringsuchtransitoryperiod   untilthoselawsarecompletelysuperseded. Z   2 Article16    2 TheGovernmentofMaltadoesnotconsideritselfboundbysubparagraph(e) b  ofparagraph1ofarticle16,insofarasthesamemaybeinterpretedasimposing $V  anobligationonMaltatolegalizeabortion.   @**/MAURITIUS ,^  G#[Original:English]   G#[9July1984] 4f Reservations   2 TheGovernmentofMauritiusdoesnotconsideritselfboundby <n subparagraphs(b)and(d)ofparagraph1ofarticle11andsubparagraph(g)of 0 paragraph1ofarticle16.   2 TheGovernmentofMauritiusdoesnotconsideritselfboundbyparagraph1 Dv ofarticle29oftheConvention,inpursuanceofparagraph2ofarticle29. 8 @0MEXICO L~ G#[Original:Spanish] ! G#[17July1980] T!# Declaration " %  2 InsigningadreferendumtheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof \$' DiscriminationagainstWomen,whichtheGeneralAssemblyopenedforsignatureby %P( Stateson18December1979,theGovernmentoftheUnitedMexicanStateswishes %) toplaceonrecordthatitisdoingsoontheunderstandingthattheprovisions &* ofthesaidConvention,whichagreeinallessentialswiththeprovisionsof d' + Mexicanlegislation,willbeappliedinMexicoinaccordancewiththemodalities &(X!, andproceduresprescribedbyMexicanlegislationandthatthegrantingof ("- materialbenefitsinpursuanceoftheConventionwillbeasgenerousasthe )". resourcesavailabletotheMexicanStatepermit. l*#/   +"%1 &   @0MOROCCO  44H#[Original:French] R 44H#[21June1993]   Declarations Z   2 Article2   'x 2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomofMoroccoexpressesitsreadinesstoapply b  theprovisionsofthisarticleprovidedthat: $V   2 -0  Theyarewithoutprejudicetotheconstitutionalrequirementsthat   regulatetherulesofsuccessiontothethroneoftheKingdomof j  Morocco;,^ ##  2 -0  TheydonotconflictwiththeprovisionsoftheIslamicShariah.It   shouldbenotedthatcertainoftheprovisionscontainedinthe r  MoroccanCodeofPersonalStatusaccordingwomenrightsthatdiffer 4f fromtherightsconferredonmenmaynotbeinfringeduponor ( abrogatedbecausetheyderiveprimarilyfromtheIslamicShariah,  whichstrives,amongitsotherobjectives,tostrikeabalancebetween z thespousesinordertopreservethecoherenceoffamilylife.<n##  2 Article15,paragraph4   2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomofMoroccodeclaresthatitcanonlybebound Dv bytheprovisionsofthisparagraph,inparticularthoserelatingtotherights 8 ofwomentochoosetheirresidenceanddomicile,totheextentthattheyarenot  incompatiblewitharticles34and36oftheMoroccanCodeofPersonalStatus.  Reservations @   2 Article9,paragraph2  "  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomofMoroccomakesareservationwithregardto "H$ thisarticleinviewofthefactthattheLawofMoroccanNationalitypermitsa " % childtobearthenationalityofitsmotheronlyinthecaseswhereitisborn #& toanunknownfather,regardlessofplaceofbirth,ortoastatelessfather, \$' whenborninMorocco,anditdoessoinordertoguaranteetoeachchildits %P( righttoanationality.Further,achildborninMoroccoofaMoroccanmother %) andaforeignfathermayacquirethenationalityofitsmotherbydeclaring, &* withintwoyearsofreachingtheageofmajority,itsdesiretoacquirethat d' + nationality,providedthat,onmakingsuchdeclaration,itscustomaryand &(X!, regularresidenceisinMorocco. ("-  2 Article16 l*#/  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomofMoroccomakesareservationwithregardto +"%1 theprovisionsofthisarticle,particularlythoserelatingtotheequalityof ,%2 menandwomeninrespectofrightsandresponsibilitiesonentryintoandat t-&3 dissolutionofmarriage.Equalityofthiskindisconsideredincompatiblewith  theIslamicShariah,whichguaranteestoeachofthespousestherightsand  responsibilitieswithinaframeworkofequilibriumandcomplementarityinorder R topreservethesacredbondofmatrimony.  F  2 TheprovisionsoftheIslamicShariahobligethehusbandtoprovidea   nuptialgiftuponmarriageandtosupporthisfamily,whilethewifeisnot Z  requiredbylawtosupportthefamily.  N  2 Furthermore,atdissolutionofmarriage,thehusbandisobligedtopay    maintenance.Incontrast,thewifeenjoyscompletefreedomofdispositionof b  herpropertyduringthemarriageanduponitsdissolutionwithoutsupervisionby $V  thehusband,thehusbandhavingnojurisdictionoverhiswife'sproperty.    2 Forthesereasons,theIslamicShariahconferstherightofdivorceona j  womanonlybydecisionofaShariahjudge. ,^   2 Article29    2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomofMoroccodoesnotconsideritselfboundby 4f thefirstparagraphofthisarticle,whichprovidesthat"anydisputebetween ( twoormoreStatespartiesconcerningtheinterpretationorapplicationofthe  presentConventionwhichisnotsettledbynegotiationshall,attherequestof z oneofthem,besubmittedtoarbitration". <n  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomofMoroccoisoftheviewthatanydisputeof  thiskindcanonlybereferredtoarbitrationbyagreementofallthepartiesto  thedispute. Dv @0MYANMAR  G#[Original:English] @  G#[22July1997]  " Reservation "H$  2 Article29 #&  2 [TheGovernmentofMyanmar]doesnotconsideritselfboundbytheprovision %P( setforthinthesaidarticle. %)   d' + &   @.NETHERLANDS  G#[Original:English] R G#[23July1991]   Declaration Z   2 DuringthepreparatorystagesofthepresentConventionandinthecourse   ofdebatesonitintheGeneralAssemblythepositionoftheGovernmentofthe'u    KingdomoftheNetherlandswasthatitwasnotdesirabletointroducepolitical b  considerationssuchasthosecontainedinparagraphs10and11ofthepreamble $V  inalegalinstrumentofthisnature.Moreover,theconsiderationsarenot   directlyrelatedtotheachievementoftotalequalitybetweenmenandwomen.   TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsidersthatitmustrecall j  itsobjectionstothesaidparagraphsinthepreambleatthisoccasion. ,^  @.NEWZEALAND r  G#[Original:English] ( G#[10January1985] z Reservations 0  2 TheGovernmentofNewZealand,theGovernmentoftheCookIslandsandthe  GovernmentofNiuereservetherightnottoapplytheprovisionsof Dv article11(2)(b). 8  2 TheGovernmentofNewZealand,theGovernmentoftheCookIslandsandthe  GovernmentofNiuereservetherightnottoapplytheprovisionsofthe L~ Conventioninsofarastheyareinconsistentwithpoliciesrelatingto @  recruitmentintoorservicein: !  2 (a)  Thearmedforceswhichreflecteitherdirectlyorindirectlythefact T!# thatmembersofsuchforcesarerequiredtoserveonarmedforcesaircraftor "H$ vesselsandinsituationsinvolvingarmedcombat;or " %  2 (b)  Thelawenforcementforceswhichreflecteitherdirectlyorindirectly \$' thefactthatmembersofsuchforcesarerequiredtoserveinsituations %P( involvingviolenceorthreatofviolence. %)  2 TheGovernmentoftheCookIslandsreservestherightnottoapply d' + article2(f)andarticle5(a)totheextentthatthecustomsgoverningthe &(X!, inheritanceofcertainCookIslandschieftitlesmaybeinconsistentwiththose ("- provisions. )".   .+`$0 &   @\\/PAKISTAN  G#[Original:English] R G#[12March1996]   Declaration Z   2 Theaccessionby[the]GovernmentoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistanto   the[saidConvention]issubjecttotheprovisionsoftheConstitutionofthe';    IslamicRepublicofPakistan. b  Reservation    2 TheGovernmentoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistandeclaresthatitdoes j  notconsideritselfboundbyparagraph1ofarticle29oftheConvention. ,^  @+REPUBLICOFKOREA r  G#[Original:English] ( G#[27December1984] z Reservation 0  2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicofKorea,havingexaminedthesaid  Convention,herebyratifiestheConventionconsideringitselfnotboundbythe Dv provisionsofarticle9andsubparagraphs[...](g)ofparagraph1ofarticle16 8 oftheConvention.  @**/SINGAPORE @  G#[Original:English]  " G#[5October1995] "H$ Reservation #&  2 InthecontextofSingapore'smulti-racialandmulti-religioussocietyand %P( theneedtorespectthefreedomofminoritiestopractisetheirreligiousand %) personallaws,theRepublicofSingaporereservestherightnottoapplythe &* provisionsofarticles2and16wherecompliancewiththeseprovisionswouldbe d' + contrarytotheirreligiousorpersonallaws. &(X!,  2 Singaporeisgeographicallyoneofthesmallestindependentcountriesin )". theworldandoneofthemostdenselypopulated.TheRepublicofSingapore l*#/ accordinglyreservestherighttoapplysuchlawsandconditionsgoverningthe .+`$0 entryinto,stayin,employmentofanddeparturefromitsterritoryofthosewho +"%1 donothavetherightunderthelawsofSingaporetoenterandremain ,%2 indefinitelyinSingapore,andtotheconferment,acquisitionsandlossof t-&3 citizenshipofwomenwhohaveacquiredsuchcitizenshipbymarriageandof  childrenbornoutsideSingapore.   2 Singaporeinterpretsarticle11,paragraph1,inthelightofthe  F provisionsofarticle4,paragraph2asnotprecludingprohibitions,   restrictionsorconditionsontheemploymentofwomenincertainareas,oron   workdonebythemwherethisisconsiderednecessaryordesirabletoprotectthe Z  healthandsafetyofwomenorthehumanfoetus,includingsuchprohibitions,  N restrictionsorconditionsimposedinconsequenceofotherinternational   obligationsofSingapore,andconsidersthatlegislationinrespectof    article11isunnecessaryfortheminorityofwomenwhodonotfallwithinthe b  ambitofSingapore'semploymentlegislation. $V   2 TheRepublicofSingaporedeclares,inpursuanceofarticle29,   paragraph2,oftheConvention,thatitwillnotbeboundbytheprovisionsof j  article29,paragraph1. ,^  @1SPAIN r  G#[Original:Spanish] ( G#[5January1984] z Declaration 0  2 TheratificationoftheConventionbySpainshallnotaffectthe  constitutionalprovisionsconcerningsuccessiontotheSpanishcrown. Dv @.SWITZERLAND  44H#[Original:French] @  44H#[27March1997]  " (a) 2 Reservationsconcerningarticle7(b): "H$  2 SaidprovisionsshallbewithoutprejudicetoSwissmilitarylegislation #& prohibitingwomenfromperformingfunctionsinvolvingarmedconflict,exceptin \$' selfdefence; %P( (b) 2 Reservationconcerningarticle16,paragraph1(g): &*  2 Saidprovisionshallbeappliedsubjecttotheregulationsonfamilyname &(X!, (CivilCode,article160andarticle8(a),finalsection); ("- (c) 2 Reservationconcerningarticle15,paragraph2,andarticle16, l*#/ paragraph1(h): .+`$0  2 Saidprovisionsshallbeappliedsubjecttoseveralinterimprovisionsof ,%2 thematrimonialregime(CivilCode,articles9(e)and10,finalsection). t-&3 Ї@\\/THAILAND  G#[Original:English] R G#[9August1985]   Declaration Z   2 TheRoyalThaiGovernmentwishestoexpressitsunderstandingthatthe   purposesoftheConventionaretoeliminatediscriminationagainstwomenandto    accordtoeveryperson,menandwomenalike,equalitybeforethelaw,andarein b  accordancewiththeprinciplesprescribedbytheConstitutionoftheKingdomof $V  Thailand.   Reservations j  ...   3. 2 TheRoyalThaiGovernmentdoesnotconsideritselfboundbytheprovisions r  of[...]article16andarticle29,paragraph1,oftheConvention. 4f @66*TRINIDADANDTOBAGO z G#[Original:English] 0 G#[12January1990]  Reservation 8  2 TheRepublicofTrinidadandTobagodeclaresthatitdoesnotconsider  itselfboundbyarticle29(1)ofthesaidConvention,relatingtothe L~ settlementofdisputes. @  @0TUNISIA T!# 44H#[Original:Arabic] " % 44H#[20September1985] \$' Generaldeclaration %)  2 TheTunisianGovernmentdeclaresthatitshallnottakeanyorganizational d' + orlegislativedecisioninconformitywiththerequirementsofthisConvention &(X!, wheresuchadecisionwouldconflictwiththeprovisionsofchapterIofthe ("- TunisianConstitution. )". Declarationconcerningarticle15,paragraph4 .+`$0  2 InaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheViennaConventionontheLawof ,%2 Treaties,dated23May1969,theTunisianGovernmentemphasizesthatthe t-&3 requirementsofarticle15,paragraph4,oftheConventionontheEliminationof  AllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen,andparticularlythatpartrelating  totherightofwomentochoosetheirresidenceanddomicile,mustnotbe R interpretedinamannerwhichconflictswiththeprovisionsofthePersonal  F StatusCodeonthissubject,assetforthinchapters23and61oftheCode.   Reservations Z   2 Article9,paragraph2    2 TheTunisianGovernmentexpressesitsreservationwithregardtothe b  provisionsinarticle9,paragraph2,oftheConvention,whichmustnotconflict $V  withtheprovisionsofchapterVIoftheTunisianNationalityCode.    2 Article16,paragraphs1(c),(d),(f),(g)and(h) j   2 TheTunisianGovernmentconsidersitselfnotboundbyarticle16,   paragraphs1(c),(d)and(f),oftheConventionanddeclaresthat   paragraphs1(g)and(h)ofthatarticlemustnotconflictwiththeprovisions r  ofthePersonalStatusCodeconcerningthegrantingoffamilynamestochildren 4f andtheacquisitionofpropertythroughinheritance. (  2 Article29,paragraph1 z  2 TheTunisianGovernmentdeclares,inconformitywiththerequirementsof 0 article29,paragraph2,oftheConvention,thatitshallnotbeboundbythe  provisionsofparagraph1ofthatarticle,whichspecifythatanydispute  betweentwoormoreStatespartiesconcerningtheinterpretationorapplication Dv ofthepresentConventionwhichisnotsettledbynegotiationshallbereferred 8 totheInternationalCourtofJusticeattherequestofanyoneofthose  parties.   2 TheTunisianGovernmentconsidersthatsuchdisputesshouldbesubmitted @  forarbitrationorconsiderationbytheInternationalCourtofJusticeonlywith ! theconsentofallpartiestothedispute.  " @0TURKEY " % G#[Original:English] \$' G#[20December1985] %) Declaration d' +  2 Article9,paragraph1,oftheConventionisnotinconflictwiththe ("- provisionsofarticle5,paragraph1,andarticles15and17oftheTurkishLaw )". onNationality,relatingtotheacquisitionofcitizenship,sincetheintentof l*#/ thoseprovisionsregulatingacquisitionofcitizenshipthroughmarriageisto .+`$0 preventstatelessness. +"%1   ,%2 &   Reservations   2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicofTurkey[makesreservations]withregard R tothearticlesoftheConventiondealingwithfamilyrelationswhicharenot'}  F completelycompatiblewiththeprovisionsoftheTurkishCivilCode,in   particular,article15,paragraphs2and4,andarticle16,paragraphs1(c),   (d),(f)and(g),aswellaswithrespecttoarticle29,paragraph1.In Z  pursuanceofarticle29,paragraph2,oftheConvention,theGovernmentofthe  N RepublicofTurkeydeclaresthatitdoesnotconsideritselfboundby   paragraph1ofthisarticle.    @ UNITEDKINGDOMOFGREATBRITAINANDNORTHERNIRELAND   G#[Original:English] j  G#[7April1986]   Declarationsandreservations r  ̀A.OnbehalfoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainand  ЀNorthernIreland z  2 (a)  TheUnitedKingdomunderstandsthemainpurposeoftheConvention,in 0 thelightofthedefinitioncontainedinarticle1,tobethereduction,in  accordancewithitsterms,ofdiscriminationagainstwomen,anddoesnot  thereforeregardtheConventionasimposinganyrequirementtorepealormodify Dv anyexistinglaws,regulations,customsorpracticeswhichprovideforwomento 8 betreatedmorefavourablythanmen,whethertemporarilyorinthelongerterm;  theUnitedKingdom'sundertakingsunderarticle4,paragraph1,andother  provisionsoftheConventionaretobeconstruedaccordingly. L~  2 ... !  2 (c)  Inthelightofthedefinitioncontainedinarticle1,theUnited T!# Kingdom'sratificationissubjecttotheunderstandingthatnoneofits "H$ obligationsundertheConventionshallbetreatedasextendingtothesuccession " % to,orpossessionandenjoymentof,theThrone,thepeerage,titlesofhonour, #& socialprecedenceorarmorialbearings,orasextendingtotheaffairsof \$' religiousdenominationsorordersortotheadmissionintoorserviceinthe %P( ArmedForcesoftheCrown. %)  2 (d)  TheUnitedKingdomreservestherighttocontinuetoapplysuch d' + immigrationlegislationgoverningentryinto,stayinanddeparturefromthe &(X!, UnitedKingdomasitmaydeemnecessaryfromtimetotimeand,accordingly,its ("- acceptanceofarticle15(4)andoftheotherprovisionsoftheConventionis )". subjecttotheprovisionsofanysuchlegislationasregardspersonsnotatthe l*#/ timehavingtherightunderthelawoftheUnitedKingdomtoenterandremainin .+`$0 theUnitedKingdom. +"%1   ,%2 &    2 Article9   2 TheBritishNationalityAct1981,whichwasbroughtintoforcewitheffect R fromJanuary1983,isbasedonprincipleswhichdonotallowofany'  F discriminationagainstwomenwithinthemeaningofarticle1asregards   acquisition,changeorretentionoftheirnationalityorasregardsthe   nationalityoftheirchildren.TheUnitedKingdom'sacceptanceofarticle9 Z  shallnot,however,betakentoinvalidatethecontinuationofcertaintemporary  N ortransitionalprovisionswhichwillcontinueinforcebeyondthatdate.    2 Article10 b   2 TheUnitedKingdomcanonlyaccepttheobligationsundersubparagraph(c)   ofarticle10withinthelimitsofthestatutorypowersofthecentral   Government,inthelightofthefactthattheteachingcurriculum,theprovision j  oftextbooksandteachingmethodsarereservedforlocalcontrolandarenot ,^  subjecttocentralGovernmentdirection;moreover,theacceptanceofthe   objectiveofencouragingcoeducationiswithoutprejudicetotherightofthe   UnitedKingdomalsotoencourageothertypesofeducation. r   2 Article11 (  2 TheUnitedKingdomreservestherighttoapplyallUnitedKingdom z legislationandtherulesofpensionschemesaffectingretirementpensions, <n survivors'benefitsandotherbenefitsinrelationtodeathorretirement 0 (includingretirementongroundsofredundancy),whetherornotderivedfroma  socialsecurityscheme.   2 Thisreservationwillapplyequallytoanyfuturelegislationwhichmay 8 modifyorreplacesuchlegislation,ortherulesofpensionschemes,onthe  understandingthatthetermsofsuchlegislationwillbecompatiblewiththe  UnitedKingdom'sobligationsundertheConvention. L~  2 TheUnitedKingdomreservestherighttoapplythefollowingprovisionsof ! UnitedKingdomlegislationconcerningthebenefitsspecified:  "  2 ... "H$  2 (b)  Increasesofbenefitforadultdependantsundersections44to47,49 #& and66oftheSocialSecurityAct1975andundersections44to47,49and66of \$' theSocialSecurity(NorthernIreland)Act1975; %P(  2 ... &*  2 TheUnitedKingdomreservestherighttoapplyanynon-discriminatory &(X!, requirementforaqualifyingperiodofemploymentorinsuranceforthe ("- applicationoftheprovisionscontainedinarticle11(2). )".   l*#/ &    2 Article13   2 TheUnitedKingdomreservestheright,notwithstandingtheobligations R undertakeninarticle13,oranyotherrelevantarticleoftheConvention,to  F continuetoapplytheincometaxandcapitalgainstaxlegislationwhich:   '-882^ 882- 2 (i)0  Deemsforincometaxpurposestheincomeofamarriedwomanliving Z  withherhusbandinayear,orpartofayear,ofassessmenttobeher  N husband'sincomeandnottobeherincome(subjecttotherightofthe   husbandandthewifetoelectjointlythatthewife'searnedincome    shallbechargedtoincometaxasifshewereasinglewomanwithno b  otherincome);and$V ## ̀(ii)0  Requirestaxinrespectofsuchincomeandofchargeablegains   accruingtosuchamarriedwomantobeassessedonherhusband j  (subjecttotherightofeitherofthemtoapplyforseparate ,^  assessment)andconsequently(ifnosuchapplicationismade)   restrictstoherhusbandtherighttoappealagainstanysuch   assessmentandtobeheardortoberepresentedatthehearingofany r  suchappeal;and4f## ̀(iii)0  Entitlesamanwhohashiswifelivingwithhim,orwhosewifeis  whollymaintainedbyhim,duringtheyearofassessmenttoadeduction z fromhistotalincomeofanamountlargerthanthattowhichan <n individualinanyothercaseisentitledandentitlesanindividual 0 whosetotalincomeincludesanyearnedincomeofhiswifetohavethat  deductionincreasedbytheamountofthatearnedincomeorbyan  amountspecifiedinthelegislationwhicheveristheless.Dv##  2 Article15   2 Inrelationtoarticle15,paragraph3,theUnitedKingdomunderstandsthe L~ intentionofthisprovisiontobethatonlythosetermsorelementsofa @  contractorotherprivateinstrumentwhicharediscriminatoryinthesense ! describedaretobedeemednullandvoid,butnotnecessarilythecontractor  " instrumentasawhole. T!#  2 Article16 " %  2 Asregardsparagraph1(f)ofarticle16,theUnitedKingdomdoesnot \$' regardthereferencetotheparamountcyoftheinterestsofthechildrenas %P( beingdirectlyrelevanttotheeliminationofdiscriminationagainstwomen,and %) declaresinthisconnectionthatthelegislationoftheUnitedKingdom &* regulatingadoption,whilegivingaprincipalpositiontothepromotionofthe d' + children'swelfare,doesnotgivetothechild'sintereststhesameparamount &(X!, placeasinissuesconcerningcustodyoverchildren. ("-   )". & ^  ̀B.OnbehalfoftheBritishVirginIslands,theFalkland  ЀIslands(Malvinas),theIsleofMan,SouthGeorgia R ЀandtheSouthSandwichIslands,andtheTurksand  F ЀCaicosIslands    2 [SamedeclarationsandreservationsasthosemadeinrespectoftheUnited Z  KingdomundersectionA,paragraphs(a),(c)and(d),exceptthatinthecaseof  N (d)theyapplytotheterritoriesandtheirlaws.]    2 Article1 b   2 [SamereservationastheonemadeinrespectoftheUnitedKingdomexcept   withregardtotheabsenceofareferencetoUnitedKingdomlegislation.]   '^ X 2 Article2 ,^   2 [SamereservationastheonemadeinrespectoftheUnitedKingdomexcept   thatreferenceismadetothelawsoftheterritories,andnottothelawsof r  theUnitedKingdom.] 4f  2 Article9   2 [SamereservationastheonemadeinrespectoftheUnitedKingdom.] <n  2 Article11   2 [SamereservationsasthosemadeinrespectoftheUnitedKingdomexcept Dv thatreferenceismadetothelawsoftheterritories,andnottothelawsof 8 theUnitedKingdom.]   2 Also,asfarastheterritoriesareconcerned,thespecificbenefitslisted L~ andwhichmaybeappliedundertheprovisionsoftheseterritories'legislation @  areasfollows: !  2 (a)  Socialsecuritybenefitsforpersonsengagedincaringforaseverely T!# disabledperson; "H$  2 (b)  Increasesofbenefitforadultdependants; #&  2 (c)  Retirementpensionsandsurvivors'benefits; %P(  2 (d)  Familyincomesupplements. &*  2 Thisreservationwillapplyequallytoanyfuturelegislationwhichmay &(X!, modifyorreplaceanyoftheprovisionsspecifiedinsubparagraphs(a)to(d) ("- above,ontheunderstandingthatthetermsofsuchlegislationwillbe )". compatiblewiththeUnitedKingdom'sobligationsundertheConvention. l*#/  2 TheUnitedKingdomreservestherighttoapplyanynon-discriminatory +"%1 requirementforaqualifyingperiodofemploymentorinsuranceforthe ,%2 applicationoftheprovisionscontainedinarticle11(2). t-&3 Ї 2 Articles13,15and16   2 [SamereservationsasthosemadeinrespectoftheUnitedKingdom.] R & V @**/VENEZUELA   G#[Original:Spanish]  N G#[2May1983]    Reservation $V   2 Venezuelamakesaformalreservationwithregardtoarticle29,   paragraph1,oftheConvention,sinceitdoesnotacceptarbitrationorthe j  jurisdiction'V ԀoftheInternationalCourtofJusticeforthesettlementof ,^  disputesconcerningtheinterpretationorapplicationofthisConvention.   @\\/VIETNAM 4f 44H#[Original:French]  44H#[17February1982] <n Reservation   2 InimplementingthisConvention,theSocialistRepublicofVietNamwill Dv notbeboundbytheprovisionsofparagraph1ofarticle29. 8 @0YEMEN X  *     ׈ L~ G#[Original:Arabic] ! G#[30May1984] T!#  2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sDemocraticRepublicofYemendeclaresthat " % itdoesnotconsideritselfboundbyarticle29,paragraph1,ofthesaid #& Convention,relatingtothesettlementofdisputeswhichmayariseconcerning \$' theapplicationorinterpretationoftheConvention. %P(   &* &     @. . C.Objectionstocertaindeclarationsandreservations  @ffObjectionbyArgentinatotheapplicationoftheConvention R @fftotheFalklandIslands(Malvinas)andSouthGeorgiaand󀀀  F @fftheSouthSandwichIslandsbytheUnitedKingdom,notified   @+uponratification   G#[Original:Spanish]  N G#[4April1989]     2 TheRepublicofArgentinarejectstheextensionoftheterritorial $V  applicationoftheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscrimination   ' QagainstWomen,adoptedbytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyon   18December1979,totheMalvinas(Falkland)Islands,SouthGeorgiaandthe j  SouthSandwichIslands,notifiedbytheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomof ,^  GreatBritainandNorthernIrelanduponitsratificationofthatinstrumenton   7April1986.    2 TheRepublicofArgentinareaffirmsitssovereigntyovertheaforementioned 4f archipelagos,whichareanintegralpartofitsnationalterritory,andrecalls ( thattheGeneralAssemblyhasadoptedresolutions2065(XX),3160(XXVIII),  31/49,37/9,38/12and39/6,inwhichasovereigntydisputeisrecognizedand z theGovernmentsofArgentinaandtheUnitedKingdomareurgedtoresume <n negotiationsinordertofindassoonaspossibleapeacefulandlasting 0 solutiontothedisputeandtheirremainingdifferencesrelatingtothis  question,throughthegoodofficesoftheSecretary-General.TheGeneral  Assemblyhasalsoadoptedresolutions40/21,41/40,42/19and43/25,which Dv reiterateitsrequesttothepartiestoresumesuchnegotiations. 8 @( ( CommunicationoftheUnitedKingdomconcerningthe L~ @(objectionofArgentina @  G#[Original:English]  " G#[27November1989] "H$  2 TheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland #& rejectsthestatementmadebytheGovernmentofArgentinaon4April1989 \$' regardingtheFalklandIslandsandSouthGeorgiaandtheSouthSandwichIslands. %P( TheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandhas %) nodoubtastoBritishsovereigntyovertheFalklandIslandsandSouthGeorgia &* andtheSouthSandwichIslands,anditsconsequentrighttoextendtreatiesto d' + thoseTerritories. &(X!,   )". &   @ ObjectionbyAustriatothereservationsmadeby  @nn(Maldivesuponaccession  G#[Original:English]  F G#[26October1994]   ' 2 ThereservationmadebytheMaldivesisincompatiblewiththeobjectand  N purposeoftheConventionandisthereforeinadmissibleunderarticle19(c)of   theViennaConventionontheLawofTreatiesandshallnotbepermitted,in    accordancewitharticle28(2)oftheConventionontheEliminationofAllForms b  ofDiscriminationagainstWomen.Austriathereforestatesthatthisreservation $V  cannotalterormodifyinanyrespecttheobligationsarisingfromthe   ConventionforanyStatePartytherein.   @ ObjectionbyAustriatothereservationsmadeby   @nn(Pakistanuponaccession   G#[Original:English] 4f G#[5June1997]   2 Austriahasexaminedthecontentsofthegeneraldeclarationmadeby <n PakistanatthetimeofaccessiontotheConventionontheEliminationofAll 0 FormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen,whichreadsasfollows:   2 TheaccessionbytheGovernmentoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistantothe Dv ConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomenis 8 subjecttotheprovisionsoftheConstitutionoftheIslamicRepublicof  Pakistan.   2 AustriaisoftheviewthatareservationbywhichaStatelimitsits @  responsibilitiesundertheConventioninageneralandunspecifiedmannerby ! invokinginternallawcreatesdoubtsastothecommitmentoftheIslamic  " RepublicofPakistanwithitsobligationsundertheConvention,essentialfor T!# thefulfilmentofitsobjectandpurpose. "H$  2 ItisinthecommoninterestsofStatesthattreatiestowhichtheyhave #& chosentobecomepartiesarerespected,astotheirobjectandpurpose,byall \$' partiesandthatStatesarepreparedtoundertakeanylegislativechanges %P( necessarytocomplywiththeirobligationsunderthetreaties. %)  2 Austriaisfurtheroftheviewthatageneralreservationofthekindmade d' + bytheGovernmentoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistan,whichdoesnotclearly &(X!, specifytheprovisionsoftheConventiontowhichitappliesandtheextentof ("- thederogationtherefrom,contributestounderminingthebasisofinternational )". treatylaw. l*#/  2 Giventhegeneralcharacterofthisreservation,afinalassessmentasto +"%1 itsadmissibilityunderinternationallawcannotbemadewithoutfurther ,%2 clarification. t-&3 Ї 2 Accordingtointernationallawareservationisinadmissibletotheextent  asitsapplicationnegativelyaffectsthecompliancebyaStatewithits  obligationsundertheConventionessentialforthefulfilmentofitsobjectand R purpose.  F  2 Therefore,AustriacannotconsiderthereservationmadebytheGovernment   oftheIslamicRepublicofPakistanasadmissibleunlesstheGovernmentofthe Z  IslamicRepublicofPakistan,byprovidingadditionalinformationorthrough  N subsequentpractice,ensuresthatthereservationiscompatiblewiththe   provisionsessentialfortheimplementationoftheobjectandpurposeofthe    Convention. b   2 ThisviewbyAustriawouldnotprecludetheentryintoforceinits   entiretyoftheConventionbetweenPakistanandAustria.   @ObjectionbyCanadatothereservationsmadebyMaldives   @00,uponaccession   G#[Original:English] 4f G#[25October1994]   2 IntheviewoftheGovernmentofCanada,thisreservationisincompatible <n withtheobjectandpurposeoftheConvention(article28,paragraph2).The 0 GovernmentofCanadathereforeentersitsformalobjectiontothisreservation.  ThisobjectionshallnotprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConventionas  betweenCanadaandtheRepublicofMaldives. Dv @ ObjectionbyDenmarktothereservationmadebythe  @ !LibyanArabJamahiriyauponaccession L~ G#[Original:English] ! G#[3July1990] T!#  2 TheGovernmentofDenmarkhastakennoteofthereservationmadebythe " % LibyanArabJamahiriyawhenaccedingtotheConventionontheEliminationofAll #& FormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen.IntheviewoftheGovernmentofDenmark \$' thisreservationissubjecttothegeneralprincipleoftreatyinterpretation %P( accordingtowhichapartymaynotinvoketheprovisionsofitsinternallawas %) justificationforfailuretoperformatreaty. &*   &(X!, &   @ ObjectionbyFinlandtoreservationsmadebyKuwait  @00,uponaccession  G#[Original:English]  F G#[17January1996]   'c 0882^ 882^00882^ 882^0-882 882^- 2 TheGovernmentofFinlandhasexaminedthecontentsofthereservations    madebytheGovernmentofKuwaituponaccessiontothesaidConvention,bywhich b  itexpresses,interalia,thefollowing: $V  0 2   "TheGovernmentofKuwaitentersareservationregarding   article7(a),inasmuchastheprovisioncontainedinthatparagraph j  conflictswiththeKuwaitElectoralAct,underwhichtherighttobe ,^  eligibleforelectionandvoteisrestrictedtomales. 2#2# 0 2   "TheGovernmentofKuwaitreservesitsrightnottoimplementthe r  provisioncontainedinarticle9,paragraph2,oftheConvention,inasmuch 4f asitrunscountertotheKuwaitNationalityAct,whichstipulatesthata ( child'snationalityshallbedeterminedbythatofhisfather.2#2# 0 2   "TheGovernmentoftheStateofKuwaitdeclaresthatitdoesnot <n consideritselfboundbytheprovisioncontainedinarticle16(f)inasmuch 0 asitconflictswiththeprovisionoftheIslamicShariah,Islambeingthe  officialreligionoftheState."(A/50/346,annexIII)2#2#  2 TheGovernmentofFinlandrecallsthat,byaccedingtotheConvention,a 8 Statecommitsitselftoadoptthemeasuresrequiredfortheeliminationof  discrimination,inallitsformsandmanifestations,againstwomen.In  particular,article7requiresStatespartiestoundertakeactionstoeliminate L~ discriminationagainstwomeninthepoliticalandpubliclifeofthecountry. @  ThisisafundamentalprovisionoftheConventiontheimplementationofwhichis ! essentialtofulfillingitsobjectandpurpose.  "  2 Reservationstoarticle7(a)andarticle9,paragraph2,arebothsubject "H$ tothegeneralprincipleoftheobservanceoftreatiesaccordingtowhicha " % partymaynotinvoketheprovisionofitsinternallawasjustificationforits #& failuretoperformitstreatyobligations.Itisinthecommoninterestof \$' Statesthatcontractingpartiestointernationaltreatiesarepreparedto %P( undertakethenecessarylegislativechangesinordertofulfiltheobjectand %) purposeofthetreaty. &*  2 Furthermore,intheviewoftheGovernmentofFinland,theunlimitedand &(X!, undefinedcharacterofthereservationtoarticle16(f)leavesopentowhat ("- extentthereservingStatecommitsitselftotheConventionandtherefore )". createsseriousdoubtsaboutthecommitmentofthereservingStatetofulfilits l*#/ obligationsundertheConvention.Reservationsofsuchunspecifiednaturemay .+`$0 contributetounderminingthebasisofinternationalhumanrightstreaties. +"%1   ,%2  2 Intheirpresentformulationthereservationsareclearlyincompatiblewith   theobjectandpurposeoftheConventionandthereforeinadmissibleunder  article28,paragraph2,oftheConvention.Therefore,theGovernmentof R Finlandobjectstothesereservations.TheGovernmentofFinlandfurthernotes  F thatthereservationsmadebytheGovernmentofKuwaitaredevoidoflegal   effect.    2 TheGovernmentofFinlandrecommendsthattheGovernmentofKuwait  N reconsideritsreservationstotheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof   DiscriminationagainstWomen.    @ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadebyLesotho   @00,uponaccession   G#[Original:English] ,^  G#[1November1996]    2 WithregardtothereservationsmadebyLesothouponratification: 4f < < #[Sameobjection,mutatismutandis,astheonemadeforMalaysia.]  @ ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationmadebythe 0 @ !LibyanArabJamahiriyauponaccession  G#[Original:English] Dv G#[8June1990]   2 TheGovernmentofFinlandhasexaminedthecontentsofthereservationmade L~ bytheLibyanArabJamahiriyaandconsidersthesaidreservationasbeing @  incompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConvention.TheGovernmentof ! Finlandthereforeentersitsformalobjectiontothisreservation.  "  2 Thisobjectionisnotanobstacletotheentryintoforceofthesaid "H$ ConventionbetweenFinlandandtheLibyanArabJamahiriya. " % @ObjectionbyFinlandtothemodifiedreservationmadeby %P( @ theLibyanArabJamahiriyauponaccession %) G#[Original:English] d' + G#[16October1996] ("-  2 TheGovernmentofFinlandhasexaminedthecontentsofthemodified l*#/ reservationmadebytheGovernmentoftheLibyanArabJamahiriyatothe .+`$0 ConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen. +"%1   ,%2  2 Areservationwhichconsistsofageneralreferencetoreligiouslaw   withoutspecifyingitscontentsdoesnotclearlydefinetotheotherpartiesto  theConventiontheextenttowhichthereservingStatecommitsitselftothe R Conventionandthereforemaycastdoubtsaboutthecommitmentofthereserving  F StatetofulfilitsobligationsundertheConvention.Suchareservationis   also,intheviewoftheGovernmentofFinland,subjecttothegeneralprinciple   oftheobservanceoftreatiesaccordingtowhichapartymaynotinvokethe Z  provisionsofitsinternallawasjustificationforfailuretoperformatreaty.  N &  @ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadebyMalaysia b  @00,uponaccession $V  G#[Original:English]   G#[16October1996] ,^  'b)= 2 TheGovernmentofFinlandhasexaminedthecontentsofthereservations   madebytheGovernmentofMalaysiauponaccessiontothesaidConvention. r   2 ThereservationsmadebyMalaysia,consistingofageneralreferenceto ( religiousandnationallawwithoutspecifyingthecontentsthereofandwithout  statingunequivocallytheprovisionsthelegaleffectofwhichmaybeexcluded z ormodified,donotclearlydefinetotheotherpartiestotheConventionthe <n extenttowhichthereservingStatecommitsitselftotheConventionand 0 thereforecreatesseriousdoubtsaboutthecommitmentofthereservingStateto  fulfilitsobligationsundertheConvention.Reservationsofsuchunspecified  naturemaycontributetounderminingthebasisofinternationalhumanrights Dv treaties. 8  2 TheGovernmentofFinlandalsorecallsthatthereservationsofMalaysia  aresubjecttothegeneralprincipleofobservanceoftreatiesaccordingto L~ whichapartymaynotinvoketheprovisionsofitsinternallawasjustification @  forfailuretoperformitstreatyobligations.Itisinthecommoninterestof ! Statesthatpartiestointernationaltreatiesarepreparedtotakethenecessary  " legislativechangesinordertofulfiltheobjectandpurposeofthetreaty. T!#  2 Furthermore,thereservationsmadebyMalaysia,inparticularto " % articles2(f)and5(a),aretofundamentalprovisionsoftheConventionthe #& implementationofwhichisessentialtofulfillingitsobjectandpurpose. \$'  2 TheGovernmentofFinlandconsidersthatintheirpresentformulationthe %) reservationsmadebyMalaysiaareclearlyincompatiblewiththeobjectand &* purposeofthesaidConventionandthereforeinadmissibleunderarticle28, d' + paragraph2,ofthesaidConvention.Inviewoftheabove,theGovernmentof &(X!, Finlandobjectstothesereservationsandnotesthattheyaredevoidoflegal ("- effect. )".   .+`$0 &   @ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadebyMaldives  @00,uponaccession  G#[Original:English]  F G#[5May1994]   'H 2 IntheviewoftheGovernmentofFinland,theunlimitedandundefined  N characterofthesaidreservationscreateseriousdoubtsaboutthecommitmentof   thereservingStatetofulfilitsobligationsundertheConvention.Intheir    extensiveformulation,theyareclearlycontrarytotheobjectandpurposeof b  theConvention.Therefore,theGovernmentofFinlandobjectstosuch $V  reservations.    2 TheGovernmentofFinlandalsorecallsthatthesaidreservationsare j  subjecttothegeneralprincipleoftreatyinterpretationaccordingtowhicha ,^  partymaynotinvoketheprovisionsofitsdomesticlawasajustificationfor   failuretoperformitstreatyobligations.    2 TheGovernmentofFinlanddoesnot,however,considerthatthisobjection 4f constitutesanobstacletotheentryintoforceoftheConventionbetween ( FinlandandMaldives.  @ ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadeby 0 @nn(Pakistanuponaccession  G#[Original:English] Dv G#[6June1997]   2 TheGovernmentofFinlandhasexaminedthegeneraldeclarationmadebythe L~ GovernmentoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistanatthetimeofitsaccessionto @  theConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen. ! TheGovernmentofFinlandnotesthataccordingtothatgeneraldeclarationthe  " accessionbytheGovernmentoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistantothesaid T!# ConventionissubjecttotheprovisionsoftheConstitutionoftheIslamic "H$ RepublicofPakistan.TheGovernmentofFinlandconsidersthisgeneral " % declarationasareservationofageneralkind. #&  2 TheGovernmentofFinlandisoftheviewthatsuchageneralreservation %P( raisesdoubtsastothecommitmentofPakistantotheobjectandpurposeofthe %) Conventionandwouldrecallthat,accordingtoparagraph2ofarticle28ofthe &* Convention,areservationincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeofthe d' + Conventionshallnotbepermitted. &(X!,  2 ItisinthecommoninterestsofStatesthattreatiestowhichtheyhave )". chosentobecomepartiesarerespected,astotheirobjectandpurpose,byall l*#/ partiesandthatStatesarepreparedtoundertakeanylegislativechanges .+`$0 necessarytocomplywiththeirobligationsunderthetreaties. +"%1   ,%2  2 TheGovernmentofFinlandisfurtheroftheviewthatgeneralreservations   ofthekindmadebytheGovernmentoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistan,whichdo  notclearlyspecifytheprovisionsoftheConventiontowhichtheyapplyandthe R extentofthederogationtherefrom,contributetounderminingthebasisof  F internationaltreatylaw.    2 TheGovernmentofFinlandthereforeobjectstotheaforesaidgeneral Z  reservationmadebytheGovernmentoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistantothe  N ConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen,   whichisconsideredtobeinadmissible.     2 Thisobjectiondoesnotprecludetheentryintoforceinitsentiretyof $V  theConventionbetweenPakistanandFinland.   @ ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadeby ,^  @<<'Singaporeuponaccession   G#[Original:English] r  G#[21November1996] (  2 WithregardtothereservationsmadebySingaporeuponaccession: z < < #[Sameobjection,mutatismutandis,astheonemadeforMalaysia.] 0 @ ObjectionbyGermanytothereservationsmadeby Dv @(Algeriauponaccession 8 G#[Original:English]  G#[14August1997] @   2 TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyhasexaminedthecontents  " ofthereservationsmadebytheGovernmentofAlgeriaonitsaccessiontothe T!# ConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen,in "H$ whichtheGovernmentofAlgeriastateditsreadinesstoapplyarticle2, " % article9,paragraph2,article15,paragraph4,andarticle16ofthe #& ConventionprovidedthattheydonotconflictwithAlgerianfamilylaw. \$'  2 TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyconsidersthatsuch %) reservationseekingtolimitthevalidityoftheConventionbymakingit &* contingentuponcongruitywithAlgerianfamilylawmayraisedoubtsasto d' + Algeria'scommitmenttotheobjectandpurposeoftheConvention.The &(X!, Conventiondoesnotallowforreservationsarguingtheprimacyofnationallaw. ("- Itisinthecommoninterestofallpartiestoatreatythatitisrespectedas )". toobjectandpurposebyallparties.TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicof l*#/ Germanythereforeobjectstotheabove-mentionedreservations. .+`$0  2 ThisobjectiondoesnotprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConvention ,%2 betweenAlgeriaandtheFederalRepublicofGermany. t-&3 Ї&  @ ObjectionbyGermanytothereservationsmadeby  @nn(Malaysiauponaccession  G#[Original:English]  F G#[8October1996]    2 TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyhasexaminedthecontents  N 'aofthedeclarationandthereservationsmadebytheGovernmentofMalaysiaupon   accessiontotheaforesaidConventioninwhichitstatesthefollowing:     2 TheGovernmentofMalaysiadeclaresthatMalaysia'saccessionissubjectto $V  theunderstandingthattheprovisionsoftheConventiondonotconflictwiththe   provisionsoftheIslamicShariahlawandtheFederalConstitutionofMalaysia.   Withregardthereto,further,theGovernmentofMalaysiadoesnotconsider j  itselfboundbytheprovisionsofarticles2(f),5(a),7(b),9and16ofthe ,^  aforesaidConvention.    2 TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyconsidersthatsuch r  declarationandreservations,whichseektolimittheresponsibilitiesof 4f MalaysiaundertheConventionbyrestrictingthemtotheIslamicShariahandto ( alreadyexistingnationallegislationandbyrestrictingtheapplicationof  centralarticlesoftheConvention,mayraisedoubtsastothecommitmentof z MalaysiatotheobjectandpurposeoftheConvention.TheGovernmentofthe <n FederalRepublicofGermanythereforeobjectstothesereservationsandthis 0 declaration.   2 TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofGermanydoesnot,however, Dv considerthatthisobjectionconstitutesanobstacletotheentryintoforceof 8 theConventionbetweenGermanyandMalaysia.  @ ObjectionbyGermanytothereservationsmadeby @  @nn(Pakistanuponaccession ! G#[Original:English] T!# G#[28May1997] " %  2 TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyhasexaminedthecontents \$' ofthe"generaldeclaration"madebytheGovernmentoftheIslamicRepublicof %P( PakistanonitsaccessiontotheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof %) DiscriminationagainstWomen.Thedeclarationreads:"Theaccessionby(the) &* GovernmentoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistantotheConventiononthe d' + EliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomenissubjecttothe &(X!, provisionsoftheConstitutionoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistan." ("-  2 TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyconsidersthatsucha l*#/ declarationwhichseekstolimitthevalidityoftheConventionbymakingit .+`$0 contingentuponcongruitywiththePakistanConstitutionmayraisedoubtsasto +"%1 Pakistan'scommitmenttotheobjectandpurposeoftheConvention.Sucha ,%2 reservationreferringgenerallytotheConstitutionisnotpermittedunderthe t-&3 Convention.Itisinthecommoninterestofallpartiestoatreatythatitis  respectedastoobjectandpurposebyallparties.TheGovernmentofthe  FederalRepublicofGermanythereforeobjectstotheabove-mentioned R declaration.  F  2 ThisobjectiondoesnotprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConvention   betweentheIslamicRepublicofPakistanandtheFederalRepublicofGermany. Z  @ObjectionsbyGermanytothereservationsmadebyBangladesh,    @Iraq,theLibyanArabJamahiriya,Malawi,Mauritius,Thailand b  @andTurkeyuponaccessionandbyBrazil,Egypt,Jamaica,the $V  @ RepublicofKoreaandTunisiauponratification   G#[Original:English] j  G#[10July1985]    2 TheFederalRepublicofGermanyconsidersthatthereservationsmadeby r  Egyptregardingarticle2,article9,paragraph2,andarticle16,byBangladesh 4f regardingarticle2,article13(a)andarticle16,paragraphs1(c)and(f),by ( Brazilregardingarticle15,paragraph4,andarticle16,paragraphs1(a),(c),  (g)and(h),byJamaicaregardingarticle9,paragraph2,bytheRepublicof z Korearegardingarticle9andarticle16,paragraphs1(c),(d),(f)and(g), <n andbyMauritiusregardingarticle11,paragraphs1(b)and(d),andarticle16, 0 paragraph1(g),areincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConvention  (article28,paragraph2)andthereforeobjectstothem.Inrelationtothe  FederalRepublicofGermany,theymaynotbeinvokedinsupportofalegal Dv practicewhichdoesnotpaydueregardtothelegalstatusaffordedtowomenand 8 childrenintheFederalRepublicofGermanyinconformitywiththeabove  mentionedarticlesoftheConvention.Thisobjectionshallnotprecludethe  entryintoforceoftheConventionasbetweenEgypt,Bangladesh,Brazil, L~ Jamaica,theRepublicofKorea,MauritiusandtheFederalRepublicofGermany. @   2 ObjectionsofthesamenaturewerealsoformulatedbytheGovernmentofthe  " FederalRepublicofGermanyinregardtoreservationsmadebyvariousStates,as T!# follows: "H$  2 (a)  15October1986:Inrespectofreservationsformulatedbythe #& GovernmentofThailandconcerningarticle9,paragraph2,article10, \$' article11,paragraph1(b),article15,paragraph3,andarticle16.(The %P( FederalRepublicofGermanyalsoholdstheviewthatthereservationmadeby %) Thailandregardingarticle7oftheConventionislikewiseincompatiblewiththe &* objectandpurposeoftheConventionbecauseforallmatterswhichconcern d' + nationalsecurityitreservesinageneralandthusunspecificmannertheright &(X!, oftheRoyalThaiGovernmenttoapplytheprovisionsonlywithinthelimits ("- establishedbynationallaws,regulationsandpractices.); )".  2 (b)  15October1986:Inrespectofreservationsandsomedeclarations .+`$0 formulatedbytheGovernmentofTunisiaconcerningarticle9,paragraph2,and +"%1 article16,aswellasthedeclarationconcerningarticle15,paragraph4; ,%2  t-&3  2 (c)  3March1987:InrespectofreservationsmadebytheGovernmentof  Turkeytoarticle15,paragraphs2and4,andarticle16,paragraphs1(c),(d),  (f)and(g);inrespectofreservationsmadebytheGovernmentofIraqwith R regardtoarticle2,subparagraphs(f)and(g),article9andarticle16;  F  2 (d)  7April1988:Inrespectofthefirstreservationmadebythe   GovernmentofMalawi; Z   2 (e)  20June1990:InrespectofthereservationmadebytheGovernmentof   theLibyanArabJamahiriya;     2 (f)  20October1994:InrespectofthereservationsmadebyMaldives. $V  @ ObjectionbyIsraeltothereservationmadebyIraq j  @00,uponaccession ,^  G#[Original:English]   G#[12December1986] 4f  2 TheGovernmentoftheStateofIsraelhasnotedthattheinstrumentof  accessionbyIraqtotheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof z DiscriminationagainstWomencontainsadeclarationinrespectofIsrael.In <n theviewoftheGovernmentoftheStateofIsrael,suchdeclaration,whichis 0 explicitlyofapoliticalcharacter,isincompatiblewiththepurposesand  objectivesoftheConventionandcannotinanywayaffectwhateverobligations  arebindinguponIraqundergeneralinternationallaworunderparticular Dv conventions. 8  2 TheGovernmentoftheStateofIsraelwill,insofarasconcernsthe  substanceofthematter,adopttowardsIraqanattitudeofcompletereciprocity. L~ @ObjectionsbyMexicotothereservationsmadebyBangladesh,  " @Cyprus,Iraq,theLibyanArabJamahiriya,Mauritius,Thailand T!# @andTurkeyuponaccessionandbyEgypt,Jamaica,NewZealand "H$ @andtheRepublicofKoreauponratification;communication󀀀 " % @+regardingMalawi #& G#[Original:Spanish] %P( G#[11January1985] &*  2 TheGovernmentoftheUnitedMexicanStateshasstudiedthecontentofthe &(X!, reservationsmadebyMauritiustoarticle11,paragraphs1(b)and(d),and ("- article16,paragraph1(g),oftheConventionandhasconcludedthatthey )". shouldbeconsideredinvalidinthelightofarticle28,paragraph2,ofthe l*#/ Convention,becausetheyareincompatiblewithitsobjectandpurpose. .+`$0  2 Indeed,thesereservations,ifimplemented,wouldinevitablyresultin ,%2 discriminationagainstwomenonthebasisofsex,whichiscontrarytoallthe t-&3 articlesoftheConvention.Theprinciplesofequalrightsofmenandwomenand  non-discriminationonthebasisofsex,whichareembodiedinthesecond  preambularparagraphandarticle1,paragraph3,oftheCharteroftheUnited R Nations,towhichMauritiusisasignatory,andinarticles2and16ofthe  F UniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsof1948,werepreviouslyacceptedbythe   GovernmentofMauritiuswhenitacceded,on12December1973,tothe   InternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRightsandtheInternational Z  CovenantonEconomic,SocialandCulturalRights.Theabove-mentioned  N principleswerestatedinarticle2,paragraph1,andarticle3oftheformer   Covenantandinarticle2,paragraph2,andarticle3ofthelatter.    Consequently,itisinconsistentwiththesecontractualobligationspreviously b  assumedbyMauritiusforitsGovernmentnowtoclaimthatithasreservations, $V  onthesamesubject,aboutthe1979Convention.    2 TheobjectionoftheGovernmentoftheUnitedMexicanStatestothe j  reservationsinquestionshouldnotbeinterpretedasanimpedimenttotheentry ,^  intoforceofthe1979ConventionbetweentheUnitedMexicanStatesand   Mauritius.    2 Objections,identicalinessence,mutatismutandis,werealsoformulatedby 4f theGovernmentofMexicoinregardtothereservationsmadebyvariousStates, ( asfollows[fortheStateswhichwerenotPartiestotheCovenants(markedbelow  withanasterisk),theparticipationintheCovenantswasnotinvokedbyMexico z initsobjectionwithregardtoreservations]: <n  2 (a)  21February1985:InrespectofreservationsmadebytheGovernment  ofBangladeshconcerningarticle2,article13,subparagraph(a),and  article16,paragraphs1(c)and(f); Dv  2 (b)  21February1985:Inrespectofthereservationmadebythe  GovernmentofJamaicaconcerningarticle9,paragraph2;   2 (c)  22May1985:InrespectofreservationsmadebytheGovernmentofNew @  Zealand(applicabletotheCookIslands)concerningarticle2,subparagraph(f), ! andarticle5,subparagraph(a);  "  2 (d)  6June1985:InrespectofreservationsmadebytheGovernmentofthe "H$ RepublicofKoreaconcerningarticle9andarticle16,paragraphs1(c),(d), " % (e),(f)and(g).Inthiscase,theGovernmentofMexicostatedthatthe #& principleoftheequalrightsofmenandwomenandofnon-discriminationonthe \$' basisofsex,whicharesetforthintheCharteroftheUnitedNationsasoneof %P( itspurposes,intheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsof1948andin %) variousmultilateralinstruments,havealreadybecomegeneralprinciplesof &* internationallawwhichapplytotheinternationalcommunity,towhichthe d' + RepublicofKoreabelongs; &(X!,  2 (e)  29January1986:InrespectofthereservationmadebytheGovernment )". ofCyprustoarticle9,paragraph2; l*#/  2 (f)  7May1986:InrespectofthereservationsmadebytheGovernmentof +"%1 Turkeytoparagraphs2and4ofarticle15andparagraphs1(c),(d),(f)and ,%2 (g)ofarticle16; t-&3 Ї 2 (g)  16July1986:InrespectofthereservationsmadebytheGovernment  ofEgypttoarticles9and16;   2 (h)  16October1986:InrespectofthereservationsmadebyThailand  F concerningarticle9,paragraph2,article15,paragraph3,andarticle16;    2 (i)  4December1986:InrespectofthereservationsmadebyIraq Z  concerningarticle2,subparagraphs(f)and(g),article9,paragraphs1and2,  N andarticle16;    2 (j)  23July1990:InrespectofthereservationmadebytheLibyanArab b  Jamahiriya. $V   2 TheSecretary-GeneralreceivedfromtheGovernmentofMexico,onthedate   indicatedbelow,acommunicationasfollows: j   2 Malawi,5August1987:TheGovernmentoftheUnitedMexicanStateshopes   thattheprocessoferadicationoftraditionalcustomsandpracticesreferredto   inthefirstreservationoftheRepublicofMalawiwillnotbesoprotractedas r  toimpairfulfilmentofthepurposeandintentoftheConvention. 4f @ObjectionbytheNetherlandstoreservationsmadebyFiji z @&andLesothouponaccession <n G#[Original:English]  G#[1November1996] Dv  2 WithregardtothereservationsmadebyFijiuponaccessionandLesotho  uponratification:  < < #[Sameobjection,mutatismutandis,astheonemadeforMalaysia.] @  @ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby T!# @)Kuwaituponaccession "H$ G#[Original:English] #& G#[16January1996] %P(  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsidersthereservations &* madebyKuwaitincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConvention d' + (art.28,para.2). &(X!,  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsthereforeobjectstothe )". above-mentionedreservations.Theseobjectionsshallnotprecludetheentry l*#/ intoforceoftheConventionbetweenKuwaitandtheKingdomoftheNetherlands. .+`$0   ,%2 &   @ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby  @nn(Malaysiauponaccession  G#[Original:English]  F G#[15October1996]   'd 2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsiders,withregardto  N thereservationsmadebyMalaysiarelatingtotheConventionontheElimination   ofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen,thatsuchreservations,whichseek    tolimittheresponsibilitiesofthereservingStateundertheConventionby b  invokingthegeneralprinciplesofnationallawandtheConstitution,mayraise $V  doubtsastothecommitmentofthisStatetotheobjectandpurposeofthe   Conventionand,moreover,contributetounderminingthebasisofinternational   treatylaw.ItisinthecommoninterestofStatesthattreatiestowhichthey j  havechosentobecomepartiesshouldberespected,astoobjectandpurpose,by ,^  allparties.    2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsfurtherconsidersthatthe r  reservationsmadebyMalaysiaregardingarticle2(f),article5(a),article9 4f andarticle16oftheConventionareincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeof ( theConvention.   2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsthereforeobjectstothe <n above-mentionedreservations.Thisobjectionshallnotprecludetheentryinto 0 forceoftheConventionbetweentheKingdomoftheNetherlandsandMalaysia.  @ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby 8 @nn(Pakistanuponaccession  G#[Original:English] L~ G#[30May1997] !  2 TheGovernment[ofthe]KingdomoftheNetherlandshasexaminedthe T!# declarationmadebytheGovernmentofPakistanatthetimeofitsaccessionto "H$ theConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen " % andconsidersthesaiddeclarationasareservation. #&  2 TheGovernment[ofthe]KingdomoftheNetherlandsnotesthatthesaid %P( declarationamountstoreservationsofageneralnatureinrespectofthe %) provisionsoftheConventionwhichareconsideredcontrarytotheConstitution &* ofPakistan. d' +  2 TheKingdomoftheNetherlandsisoftheviewthatthesegeneral ("- reservations,whichseektolimittheobligationsofthereservingStateby )". invokingitsConstitution,mayraisedoubtsastothecommitmentofPakistanto l*#/ theobjectandpurposeoftheConventionandrecallsthat,accordingto .+`$0 paragraph2ofarticle28oftheConvention,areservationincompatiblewiththe +"%1 objectandpurposeoftheConventionshallnotbepermitted. ,%2  t-&3  2 ItisinthecommoninterestofStatesthattreatiestowhichtheyhave  chosentobecomepartiesarerespected,astotheirobjectandpurpose,byall  partiesandthatStatesarepreparedtoundertakeanylegislativechanges R necessarytocomplywiththeirobligationsunderthetreaties.TheGovernment  F oftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsisfurtheroftheviewthatgeneral   reservationsofthekindmadebytheGovernmentofPakistan,whichdonot   clearlyspecifytheprovisionsoftheConventiontowhichtheyapplyandthe Z  extentofthederogationtherefrom,contributetounderminingthebasisof  N internationaltreatylaw.    2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsthereforeobjectstothe b  aforesaiddeclarationmadebytheGovernmentofPakistantotheConventionon $V  theEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen.Thisobjection   shallnotprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConventionbetweentheKingdomof   theNetherlandsandPakistan. j  @` ` ObjectionsbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmade   @` ` byBangladesh,Iraq,theLibyanArabJamahiriya,󀀀 r  @` ` Malawi,Maldives,Mauritius,Morocco,Thailandand󀀀 4f @` ` TurkeyuponaccessionandbyBrazil,Egypt,India,󀀀 ( @` ` Jamaica,theRepublicofKoreaandTunisiaupon󀀀  @-ratification z G#[Original:English] 0 G#[23July1990]   2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsidersthatthe 8 reservationsmadebyBangladeshregardingarticle2,article13,  subparagraph(a),andarticle16,paragraphs1(c)and(f),byEgyptregarding  article2,article9andarticle16,byBrazilregardingarticle15, L~ paragraph4,andarticle16,paragraphs1(a),(c),(g)and(h),byIraq @  regardingarticle2,subparagraphs(f)and(g),article9andarticle16,by ! Mauritiusregardingarticle11,paragraphs1(b)and(d),andarticle16,  " paragraph1(g),byJamaicaregardingarticle9,paragraph2,bytheRepublicof T!# Korearegardingarticle9andarticle16,paragraphs1(c),(d),(f)and(g),by "H$ Thailandregardingarticle9,paragraph2,article15,paragraph3,and " % article16,byTunisiaregardingarticle9,paragraph2,article15, #& paragraph4,andarticle16,paragraphs1(c),(d),(f),(g)and(h),byTurkey \$' regardingarticle15,paragraphs2and4,andarticle16,paragraphs1(c),(d), %P( (f)and(g),bytheLibyanArabJamahiriyauponaccession,andthefirst %) paragraphofthereservationsmadebyMalawiuponaccession,areincompatible &* withtheobjectandpurposeoftheConvention(art.28,para.2). d' +  2 TheseobjectionsshallnotprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConvention ("- asbetweenBangladesh,Egypt,Brazil,Iraq,Mauritius,Jamaica,theRepublicof )". Korea,Thailand,Tunisia,Turkey,theLibyanArabJamahiriya,Malawiandthe l*#/ KingdomoftheNetherlands. .+`$0   +"%1 & N  L#[14July1994]   2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsidersthatthe R declarationsmadebyIndiaregardingarticle5,subparagraph(a),and  F article16,paragraph1,oftheConventionarereservationsincompatiblewith   theobjectandpurposeoftheConvention(art.28,para.2).   'N 2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsidersthatthe  N declarationmadebyIndiaregardingarticle16,paragraph2,oftheConvention   isareservationincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConvention    (art.28,para.2). b   2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsidersthatthe   declarationmadebyMoroccoexpressingthereadinessofMoroccotoapplythe   provisionsofarticle2providedthattheydonotconflictwiththeprovisions j  oftheIslamicShariah,isareservationincompatiblewiththeobjectand ,^  purposeoftheConvention(art.28,para.2).    2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsidersthatthe r  declarationmadebyMoroccoregardingarticle15,paragraph4,oftheConvention 4f isareservationincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConvention ( (art.28,para.2).   2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsidersthatthe <n declarationmadebyMoroccoregardingarticle9,paragraph2,andarticle16of 0 theConventionarereservationsincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeofthe  Convention(art.28,para.2).   2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandshasexaminedthe 8 reservationsmadebyMaldives,bywhich"theGovernmentoftheRepublicof  MaldiveswillcomplywiththeprovisionsoftheConvention,exceptthosewhich  theGovernmentmayconsidercontradictorytotheprinciplesoftheIslamic L~ Shariah,uponwhichthelawsandtraditionsoftheMaldivesarefounded",and @  theRepublicofMaldivesdeclaresthatit"doesnotseeitselfboundbyany ! provisionsoftheConventionwhichobligesittochangeitsConstitutionand  " lawsinanymanner".TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsiders T!# thesaidreservationsincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeofthe "H$ Convention. " %  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsobjectstotheabove \$' mentioneddeclarationsandreservations. %P(  2 TheseobjectionsshallnotprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConvention &* asbetweenIndia,Morocco,MaldivesandtheKingdomoftheNetherlands. d' +   ("- &   @ ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservations  @ #madebySingaporeuponaccession  G#[Original:English]  F G#[20November1996]    2 WithregardtothereservationsmadebySingaporeuponaccession,the  N GovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlands...considers:   ' 2 Thatthereservationunder(1)isincompatiblewiththepurposeofthe b  Convention; $V   2 Thatthereservationunder(2)suggestsadistinctionbetweenmigratingmen   andmigratingwomen,andbythatisanimplicitreservationregardingarticle9 j  oftheConvention,whichisincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeofthe ,^  Convention;    2 Thatthereservationunder(3),particularlythelastpart"andconsiders r  thatlegislationinrespectofarticle11isunnecessaryfortheminorityof 4f womenwhodonotfallwithintheambitofSingapore'semploymentlegislation" ( isareservationwhichseekstolimittheresponsibilitiesofthereserving  StateundertheConventionbyinvokingthegeneralprinciplesofitsnational z law,andinthisparticularcasetoexcludetheapplicationofthesaidarticle <n foraspecificcategoryofwomen,andthereforemayraisedoubtsastothe 0 commitmentofthisStatetotheobjectandpurposeoftheConventionand,  moreover,contributetounderminingthebasisofinternationaltreatylaw.It  isinthecommoninterestofStatesthattreatiestowhichtheyhavechosento Dv becomepartiesshouldberespected,astoobjectandpurpose,byallparties. 8  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsthereforeobjectstothe  abovementionedreservations. L~  2 ThisobjectionshallnotprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConvention ! betweenSingaporeandtheKingdomoftheNetherlands.  " @44ObjectionsbyNorwaytothereservationsmadebyKuwait,the " % @( ( LibyanArabJamahiriyaandMaldivesuponaccession #& G#[Original:English] %P( G#[16July1990] &*  2 TheGovernmentofNorwayhasexaminedthecontentsofthereservationmade &(X!, bytheLibyanArabJamahiriya,bywhichtheaccession"issubjecttothegeneral ("- reservationthatsuchaccessioncannotconflictwiththelawsonpersonalstatus )". derivedfromtheIslamicShariah".TheNorwegianGovernmenthascometothe l*#/ conclusionthatthisreservationisincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeof .+`$0 theConvention(art.28,para.2).TheGovernmentofNorwayobjectstothe +"%1 reservation. ,%2  t-&3  2 TheNorwegianGovernmentwillstressthat,byaccedingtotheConvention,a  Statecommitsitselftoadoptthemeasuresrequiredfortheeliminationof  discrimination,inallformsandmanifestations,againstwomen.Areservation R bywhichaStatepartylimitsitsresponsibilitiesundertheConventionby  F invokingreligiouslaw(Shariah),whichissubjecttointerpretation,   modificationandselectiveapplicationindifferentStatesadheringtoIslamic   principles,maycreatedoubtsaboutthecommitmentsofthereservingStateto Z  theobjectandpurposeoftheConvention.Itmayalsounderminethebasisof  N internationaltreatylaw.AllStateshaveacommoninterestinsecuringthat   allpartiesrespectthetreatiestowhichtheyhavechosentobecomeparties.    G#[25October1994] $V   2 IntheviewoftheGovernmentofNorway,areservationbywhichaState   partylimitsitsresponsibilitiesundertheConventionbyinvokinggeneral j  principlesofinternallawmaycreatedoubtsaboutthecommitmentsofthe ,^  reservingStatetotheobjectandpurposeoftheConventionand,moreover,   contributetounderminethebasisofinternationaltreatylaw.Itisinthe   commoninterestofStatesthattreatiestowhichtheyhavechosentobecome r  partiesalsoarerespected,astotheirobjectandpurpose,byallparties. 4f Furthermore,underwellestablishedinternationaltreatylaw,aStateisnot ( permittedtoinvokeinternallawasjustificationforitsfailuretoperformits  treatyobligations.Forthesereasons,theGovernmentofNorwayobjectstothe z reservationsofMaldives. <n  2 TheGovernmentofNorwaydoesnotconsiderthisobjectiontoconstitutean  obstacletotheentryintoforceoftheabovestatedConventionbetweenthe  KingdomofNorwayandtheRepublicofMaldives. Dv L#[28April1995]   2 TheGovernmentofNorwayhasexaminedthecontentofthereservationsmade L~ byKuwaituponaccessionandstressesthat,byaccedingtotheConvention,a @  Statecommitsitselftoadoptthemeasuresrequiredfortheeliminationof ! discrimination,inallitsformsandmanifestations,againstwomen.A  " reservationbywhichaStatepartylimitsitsresponsibilitiesunderthe T!# Conventionbyinvokinginternalorreligiouslawmaycreatedoubtsaboutthe "H$ commitmentsofthereservingStatetotheobjectandpurposeoftheConvention. " % Furthermore,underwellestablishedinternationaltreatylaw,aStatemaynot #& invoketheprovisionsofitsinternallawasjustificationforitsfailureto \$' performatreaty.ItisinthecommoninterestofStatesthattreatiestowhich %P( theyhavechosentobecomepartiesalsoarerespected,astotheirobjectand %) purpose,byallparties.Forthesereasons,theGovernmentofNorwayobjectsto &* theKuwaitireservation. d' +  2 TheGovernmentofNorwaydoesnotconsiderthisobjectiontoprecludethe ("- entryintoforceoftheabovestatedConventionbetweentheKingdomofNorway )". andtheStateofKuwait. l*#/   +"%1 &   @N N ObjectionbyNorwaytothereservations  @$madebyLesothouponaccession  G#[Original:English]  F G#[24January1997]    2 TheGovernmentofNorwayhasexaminedthecontentsofthereservationmade  N bytheGovernmentoftheKingdomofLesothouponratification,whichreadsas   follows:    ' 1 2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomofLesothodeclaresthatitdoesnotconsider $V  itselfboundbyarticle2totheextentthatitconflictswithLesotho's   constitutionalstipulationsrelativetosuccessiontothethroneoftheKingdom   ofLesothoandthelawrelatingtosuccessiontochieftainship.TheLesotho j  Government'sratificationissubjecttotheunderstandingthatnoneofits ,^  obligationsundertheConvention,especiallyinarticle2(e),shallbetreated   asextendingtotheaffairsofreligiousdenominations.    2 Furthermore,theLesothoGovernmentdeclaresthatitshallnottakeany 4f legislativemeasuresundertheConventionwherethosemeasureswouldbe ( incompatiblewiththeConstitutionofLesotho.   2 TheGovernmentofNorwayconsidersthatthelatterpartofthereservation <n madebytheKingdomofLesotho,owingtoitsunlimitedscopeandundefined 0 character,isinadmissibleunderinternationallaw.Areservationbywhicha  StatepartylimitsitsresponsibilitiesundertheConventionbyinvokinggeneral  principlesofinternallawmaycreatedoubtsaboutthecommitmentofthe Dv reservingStatetotheobjectandpurposeoftheConventionand,moreover, 8 contributetounderminingthebasisofinternationaltreatylaw.Underwell  establishedinternationaltreatylaw,aStateisnotpermittedtoinvoke  internallawasajustificationforitsfailuretoperformitstreaty L~ obligations.Forthesereasons,theGovernmentofNorwayobjectstothe @  reservationmadebytheGovernmentoftheKingdomofLesotho. !  2 TheGovernmentofNorwaydoesnotconsiderthisobjectiontoprecludethe T!# entryintoforceoftheConventionbetweentheKingdomofNorwayandtheKingdom "H$ ofLesotho. " % @N N ObjectionbyNorwaytothereservations %P( @ $madebyMalaysiauponaccession %) G#[Original:English] d' + G#[11October1996] ("-  2 TheGovernmentofNorwayhasexaminedthecontentsofthereservationsmade l*#/ byMalaysiauponaccession,whichreadasfollows: .+`$0  2 TheGovernmentofMalaysiadeclaresthatMalaysia'saccessionissubjectto ,%2 theunderstandingthattheprovisionsoftheConventiondonotconflictwiththe t-&3 provisionsoftheIslamicShariahlawandtheFederalConstitutionofMalaysia.  Withregardthereto,further,theGovernmentofMalaysiadoesnotconsider  itselfboundbytheprovisionsofarticles2(f),5(a),7(b),9and16ofthe R aforesaidConvention.  F  2 IntheviewoftheGovernmentofNorway,astatementbywhichaStateparty   purportstolimititsresponsibilitiesundertheConventionbyinvokinggeneral Z  principlesofinternalorreligiouslawmaycreatedoubtsaboutthecommitment  N ofthereservingStatetotheobjectandpurposeoftheConventionand,   moreover,contributetounderminingthebasisofinternationaltreatylaw.    Underwellestablishedinternationaltreatylaw,aStateisnotpermittedto b  invokeinternallawasjustificationforitsfailuretoperformitstreaty $V  obligations.Furthermore,theGovernmentofNorwayconsidersthatreservation   madebytheGovernmentofMalaysiawithrespecttocertainspecificprovisions   oftheConventionissoextensiveastobecontrarytotheobjectandpurposeof j  theConvention,andthusnotpermittedunderarticle28,paragraph2,ofthe ,^  Convention.Forthesereasons,theGovernmentofNorwayobjectstothe   reservationsmadebytheGovernmentofMalaysia.    2 TheGovernmentofNorwaydoesnotconsiderthisobjectiontoprecludethe 4f entryintoforceoftheConventionbetweentheKingdomofNorwayandMalaysia. ( &  @N N ObjectionbyNorwaytothereservations <n @ $madebyPakistanuponaccession 0 G#[Original:English]  G#[6June1997] 8  2 TheGovernmentofNorwayhasexaminedthecontentofthereservationmade  '<bytheGovernmentofPakistanupontheaccessiontotheaboveConvention,which L~ readsasfollows:"Theaccession...issubjecttotheprovisionsofthe @  ConstitutionoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistan".TheGovernmentofNorway ! considersthatthereservationmadebytheGovernmentofPakistan,owingtoits  " unlimitedscopeandundefinedcharacter,iscontrarytotheobjectandpurpose T!# oftheConvention.Underwellestablishedtreatylaw,aStatepartymaynot "H$ invoketheprovisionsofitsinternallawasjustificationforitsfailureto " % performtreatyobligations.ForthesereasonstheGovernmentofNorwayobjects #& tothereservationmadebytheGovernmentofPakistan. \$'  2 TheGovernmentofNorwaydoesnotconsiderthisobjectiontoprecludethe %) entryintoforceoftheConventionbetweentheKingdomofNorwayandtheIslamic &* RepublicofPakistan. d' +   ("- &   @N N ObjectionbyNorwaytothereservations  @ #madebySingaporeuponaccession  G#[Original:English]  F G#[21November1996]    2 WithregardtothereservationsmadebySingaporeuponaccession:  N ' 2     [Sameobjection,mutatismutandis,astheonemadeforMaldives.]    @" " ObjectionbyPortugaltothereservationmade   @&byMaldivesuponaccession   G#[Original:English] ,^  G#[26October1994]    2 TheGovernmentofPortugalconsidersthatthereservationsformulatedby 4f theMaldivesareincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConventionand ( areinadmissibleunderarticle19(c)oftheViennaConventionontheLawof  Treaties. z  2 Furthermore,theGovernmentofPortugalconsidersthatthesereservations 0 cannotalterormodifyinanyrespecttheobligationsarisingfromthe  ConventionforanyStatepartythereto.  @ObjectionsbySwedentothereservationsmadebyBangladesh,  @Iraq,theLibyanArabJamahiriya,Malawi,Maldives,Mauritius  @andThailanduponaccessionandbyBrazil,Egypt,Jamaica,󀀀 L~ @Jordan,NewZealand,theRepublicofKoreaandTunisiaupon󀀈 @  Ѐratification ! G#[Original:English] T!# G#[17March1986] " %  2 TheGovernmentofSwedenconsidersthat[thefollowingreservations]are \$' incompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposesoftheConvention(art.28,para.2), %P( andthereforeobjectstothem: %)  2 -0  Thailandregardingarticle9,paragraph2,article15,paragraph3, d' + andarticle16;&(X!,##  2 -0  Tunisiaregardingarticle9,paragraph2,article15,paragraph4,and )". article16,paragraphs1(c),(d),(f),(g)and(h);l*#/##  2 -0  Bangladeshregardingarticle2,article13,subparagraph(a),and +"%1 article16,paragraphs1(c)and(f);,%2##  t-&3  2 -0  Brazilregardingarticle15,paragraph4,andarticle16,  paragraphs1(a),(c),(g)and(h).##  2 Indeedthereservationsinquestion,ifputintopractice,wouldinevitably  F resultindiscriminationagainstwomenonthebasisofsex,whichiscontraryto   everythingtheConventionstandsfor.Itshouldalsobeborneinmindthatthe   principlesofequalrightsofmenandwomenandofnon-discriminationonthe Z  basisofsexaresetforthintheCharteroftheUnitedNationsasoneofits  N purposes,intheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsof1948andinvarious   multilateralinstruments,towhichThailand,TunisiaandBangladeshareparties.     2 TheGovernmentofSwedenfurthermorenotesthat,asamatterofprinciple, $V  thesameobjectioncouldbemadetothereservationsmadeby:    2 -0  Egyptregardingarticle2,article9,paragraph2,andarticle16;j ##  2 -0  Mauritiusregardingarticle11,paragraphs1(b)and(d),and   article16,paragraph1(g); ##  2 -0  Jamaicaregardingarticle9,paragraph2;4f##  2 -0  RepublicofKorearegardingarticle9andarticle16,  paragraphs1(c),(d),(f)and(g);z##  2 -0  NewZealandinrespectoftheCookIslandsregardingarticle2, 0 subparagraph(f),andarticle5,subparagraph(a).##  2 Inthiscontext,theGovernmentofSwedenwishestotakethisopportunity Dv tomaketheobservationthatthereasonwhyreservationsincompatiblewiththe 8 objectandpurposeofatreatyarenotacceptableispreciselythatotherwise  theywouldrenderabasicinternationalobligationofacontractualnature  meaningless.Incompatiblereservations,madeinallformsofdiscrimination L~ againstwomen,donotonlycastdoubtsonthecommitmentsofthereserving @  StatestotheobjectsandpurposeofthisConvention,but,moreover,contribute ! tounderminethebasisofinternationalcontractuallaw.Itisinthecommon  " interestofStatesthattreatiestowhichtheyhavechosentobecomeparties T!# alsoarerespected,astoobjectandpurpose,byotherparties. "H$  2 Subsequently,theSecretaryGeneralreceivedfromtheGovernmentofSweden, #& onthedatesindicatedbelow,objectionsofthesamenatureastheonesabove \$' withregardtothereservationsmadebythefollowingStates: %P(  2 -0  12March1987:WithregardtothereservationsmadebyIraqto &* article2,subparagraphs(f)and(g),article9,paragraph1,and d' + article16;&(X!,##  2 -0  15April1988:WithregardtothefirstreservationmadebyMalawi;)".##  2 -0  25May1990:WithregardtothereservationmadebytheLibyanArab .+`$0 Jamahiriya;+"%1##   ,%2  2 -0  5February1993:WithregardtothereservationsmadebyJordanin   respectofarticle9,paragraph2,article15,paragraph4,the  wordingofarticle16,paragraphs1(c),(d)and(g);R##  2 -0  26October1994:WithregardtothereservationsmadebyMaldives   uponaccession.TheGovernmentofSwedenobjectstothese   reservationsandconsidersthattheyconstituteanobstacletothe Z  entryintoforceoftheConventionbetweenSwedenandtheRepublicof  N Maldives. ## @N N ObjectionbySwedentothereservations $V  @BB%madebyKuwaituponaccession   G#[Original:English] j  G#[17January1996]    2 TheGovernmentofSwedenhasexaminedthecontentofthefollowing r  reservationsmadebytheGovernmentofKuwaituponaccessiontothesaid 4f Convention: ( 1. 2 Article7(a) z  2 TheGovernmentofKuwaitentersareservationregardingarticle7(a), 0 inasmuchastheprovisioncontainedinthatparagraphconflictswiththeKuwait  ElectoralAct,underwhichtherighttobeeligibleforelectionandtovoteis  restrictedtomales. Dv &  2. 2 Article9,paragraph2   2 TheGovernmentofKuwaitreservesitsrightnottoimplementtheprovision L~ 'g'containedinarticle9,paragraph2,oftheConvention,inasmuchasitruns @  countertotheKuwaitNationalityAct,whichstipulatesthatachild's ! nationalityshallbedeterminedbythatofhisfather.  " 3. 2 Article16(f) "H$  2 TheGovernmentoftheStateofKuwaitdeclaresthatitdoesnotconsider #& itselfboundbytheprovisioncontainedinarticle16(f)inasmuchasit \$' conflictswiththeprovisionoftheIslamicShariah,Islambeingtheofficial %P( religionoftheState. %)  2 TheSwedishGovernmentconsidersthatthereservationsmadebyKuwaitare d' + incompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConvention.Accordingto &(X!, article28(2),reservationsincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeofthe ("- Conventionshallnotbepermitted. )".  2 ByaccedingtotheConvention,aStatecommitsitselftoadoptthemeasures .+`$0 requiredfortheeliminationofdiscrimination,inallitsformsand +"%1  manifestations,againstwomen.IfthereservationsmadebyKuwaitwereto ,%2 apply,theywouldinevitablyhavetheeffectofdiscriminationagainstwomenon  groundsofsex.    2 InthiscontexttheSwedishGovernmentwishestomaketheobservationthat  F reservationsincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeofatreatynotonlycast   doubtsonthecommitmentsofthereservingState,butmoreovercontributeto   underminingthebasisofinternationallaw.Itisinthecommoninterestof Z  Statesthattreatiestowhichtheyhavechosentobecomepartiesalsoare  N respected,astoobjectandpurpose,byotherpartiesandtheStatesare   preparedtoundertakelegislativechangesnecessarytocomplywithsuch    treaties. b   2 InviewoftheabovetheGovernmentofSwedenobjectstotheabove   mentionedreservationsmadebytheGovernmentofKuwaittotheConvention.   @. . D.Notificationsofwithdrawalofcertainreservations   @.Bangladesh r   2 On23July1997,theGovernmentofBangladeshnotifiedtheSecretary ( Generalofitsdecisiontowithdrawitsreservationswithregardto  articles13(a)and16,paragraph1(f),oftheConvention,whichithadmade z uponratificationoftheConvention. <n @N N Belarus,UkraineandRussianFederation   2 Incommunicationsreceivedon8March1989,and19and20April1989, 8 respectively,theGovernmentsoftheUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics,the  ByelorussianSovietSocialistRepublicandtheUkrainianSocialistRepublic  notifiedtheSecretaryGeneralthattheyhaddecidedtowithdrawthe L~ reservationsmadeupontheirratificationrelatingtoarticle29,paragraph1. @  Thereservationswereidenticalinessence,mutatismutandis,tothereservation ! madebytheUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics.  " @0Brazil " %  2 On20December1994,theGovernmentofBrazilnotifiedtheSecretary \$' Generalthatithaddecidedtowithdrawthefollowingreservationmadeupon %P( signatureandconfirmeduponratification: %) 0 2   "TheGovernmentoftheFederativeRepublicofBrazilherebyexpresses d' + itsreservationstoarticle15,paragraph4,andtoarticle16, &(X!, paragraphs1(a),(c),(g)and(h)oftheConventionontheEliminationof ("- AllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen.")".2#2#   .+`$0 &   @\\/Bulgaria   2 On24June1992,theGovernmentofBulgarianotifiedtheSecretaryGeneral R itsdecisiontowithdrawthereservationtoarticle29,paragraph1,ofthe  F Convention,madeuponsignatureandconfirmeduponratification.   '#9@0Canada  N  2 On28May1992,theGovernmentofCanadanotifiedtheSecretaryGeneralof    itsdecisiontowithdrawthedeclarationrelatingtoarticle11, b  paragraph1(d),oftheConventionmadeuponratification. $V  @0France j   2 Inanotificationreceivedon26March1984,theGovernmentofFrance   informedtheSecretaryGeneralofitsdecisiontowithdrawthereservationto   article7oftheConventionmadeuponratification.Thenotificationspecified r  thatthewithdrawalwaseffectedbecauseOrganicLawNo.83-1096of 4f 20December1983hadabrogatedarticleLO128oftheelectoralcoderelatingto ( temporarydisqualificationsofpersonswhohaveobtainedFrenchnationality.   2 Subsequently,inanotificationreceivedon21July1986,theGovernmentof <n FranceinformedtheSecretaryGeneralthatithaddecidedtowithdrawits 0 reservationrelatingtoarticle15,paragraphs2and3,andarticle16,  paragraphs1(c),(d)and(h)oftheConvention,madeuponratification.The  notificationspecifiedthatthewithdrawalwaseffectedbecausetheexisting Dv discriminatoryprovisionsagainstwomenintherulesgoverningpropertyrights 8 arisingoutofamatrimonialrelationshipandinthoseconcerningthelegal  administrationofthepropertyofchildrenhadbeenabrogatedbyActNo.85-1372  of23December1985concerningequalityofspousesinrespectofpropertyrights L~ arisingoutofamatrimonialrelationshipandequalityofparentsinrespectof @  thepropertyofminorchildren,whichenteredintoforceon1July1986. ! @0Hungary "H$  2 Inacommunicationreceivedon8December1989,theGovernmentofHungary #& notifiedtheSecretaryGeneralthatithaddecidedtowithdrawthereservation \$' inrespectofarticle29,paragraph1,madeuponratification. %P( @0Ireland d' +  2 On19December1986,theGovernmentofIrelandnotifiedtheSecretary ("- Generalofitswithdrawalofthereservationsmadeuponaccessioninrespectof )". article9,paragraph1,article11,paragraph1,article13,subparagraph(a), l*#/ andarticle15,paragraph4. .+`$0   ,%2 &     @0Jamaica   2 On8September1995,theGovernmentofJamaicanotifiedtheSecretary R Generalofitsdecisiontowithdrawitsreservationwithregardtoarticle9,  F 'Eparagraph2,oftheConvention,whichithadmadeuponratificationofthe   Convention.   @bb-Liechtenstein    2 TheGovernmentofthePrincipalityofLiechtensteinnotifiedtheSecretary b  Generalofitsdecisiontowithdrawthefollowingreservationmadeupon $V  accession:   Reservationconcerningarticle9,paragraph2: j   2 ThePrincipalityofLiechtensteinreservestherighttoapplythe   LiechtensteinlegislationaccordingtowhichLiechtensteinnationalityis   grantedundercertainconditions. r   2 Thewithdrawaltookeffectonthedateofthereceiptofthenotification, ( i.e.on3October1996.  @0Malawi 0  2 On24October1991,theGovernmentofMalawinotifiedtheSecretaryGeneral  ofitsdecisiontowithdrawthefollowingreservationsmadeuponaccession: Dv 0 2   "Owingtothedeeprootednatureofsometraditionalcustomsand  practicesofMalawians,theGovernmentoftheRepublicofMalawishallnot,  forthetimebeing,consideritselfboundbysuchoftheprovisionsofthe L~ Conventionasrequireimmediateeradicationofsuchtraditionalcustomsand @  practices.!2#2# 0 2   "WhiletheGovernmentoftheRepublicofMalawiacceptstheprinciples T!# ofarticle29,paragraph2oftheConventionthisacceptanceshould "H$ nonethelessbereadinconjunctionwith[its]declarationof " % 12December1966concerningtherecognition,bytheGovernmentofthe #& RepublicofMalawi,ofthejurisdictionoftheInternationalJustice,under \$' article36,paragraph2,oftheStatuteoftheCourt,ascompulsory."%P(2#2# @\\/Mongolia d' +  2 Inacommunicationreceivedon19July1990,theGovernmentofMongolia ("- notifiedtheSecretaryGeneralofitsdecisiontowithdrawthereservationmade )". uponratificationwithrespecttoarticle29,paragraph1. l*#/   +"%1 &     @.NewZealand   2 On13January1989,theSecretaryGeneralreceivedfromtheGovernmentof R NewZealandacommunicationnotifyinghimthat,afterconsultationwiththe  F GovernmentoftheCookIslandsandtheGovernmentofNiue,ithaddenouncedthe   'PConventionconcerningtheemploymentofwomenonundergroundworkinminesof   allkinds(ILOConventionNo.45)on23June1987andthatinaccordancewith Z  article28,paragraph3,oftheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof  N DiscriminationagainstWomen,ithadwithdrawnthereservationmadeupon   ratification.    @0Poland $V   2 On16October1997,theGovernmentofPolandnotifiedtheSecretaryGeneral   thatithaddecidedtowithdrawitsreservationwithregardtoarticle29, j  paragraph1oftheConventionmadeuponratification. ,^  &  @+RepublicofKorea r   2 On15March1991,theGovernmentoftheRepublicofKoreanotifiedthe ( SecretaryGeneralofitsdecisiontowithdrawthereservationithadmadeupon'rcU  ratificationoftheConventiontotheextentthatitappliedto z paragraphs1(c),(d)and(f)ofarticle16. <n @0Romania  *882 882* 2 On2April1997,theGovernmentofRomanianotifiedtheSecretaryGeneral 8 ofitsdecisiontowithdrawthereservationithadmadeuponratification.The  remainingreservationwillnowreadasfollows:   2 1.  Adarticle7:TheGovernmentoftheRomanianPeople'sRepublic @  declaresitsdisagreementwiththelastsentenceofarticle7andconsidersthat ! thejuridicaleffectofareservationistomaketheConventionoperativeas  " betweentheStatemakingthereservationandallotherStatespartiestothe T!# Convention,withtheexceptiononlyofthatpartthereoftowhichthe "H$ reservationrelates. " % @\\/Thailand %P(  2 On25January1991,theGovernmentofThailandnotifiedtheSecretary &* Generalofitsdecisiontowithdrawthereservationmadeuponitsaccessionto d' + theConvention,totheextentthatitappliedtoarticle11,paragraph1(b), &(X!, andarticle15,paragraph3. ("-  2 Subsequently,on26October1992,theGovernmentofThailandnotifiedthe l*#/ SecretaryGeneralofitsdecisiontowithdrawoneofthereservationsmadeupon .+`$0 accessiontotheConvention,i.e.,thatrelatingtoarticle9,paragraph2, +"%1 whichreservationreadasfollows: ,%2  t-&3 &  0 2   "2.Withregardtoarticle9,paragraph2,[...],theRoyalThai  Governmentconsidersthattheapplicationofthesaidprovisionsshallbe  subjecttothelimitsandcriteriaestablishedbynationallaw,regulations R andpractices." F2#2# '] 2 Subsequently,on1August1996,theGovernmentofThailandnotifiedthe   SecretaryGeneralofitsdecisiontowithdrawthereservationsmadeupon Z  accessiontotheConvention.  N  2 WhereastheUnitedNationsConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof    DiscriminationagainstWomen(hereinafterreferredtoas"theConvention")was b  adoptedon18December1979; $V   2 Whereasinaccordancewitharticle25(3)theGovernmentoftheKingdomof   ThailandratifiedtheConventionon5July1985; j   2 Whereasthisratificationwassubjecttoreservationtoarticle7and   article10oftheConvention;and    2 Whereasarticle28(3)oftheConventionprovidesthatreservationsmaybe 4f withdrawnatanytime; (  2 NowthereforeItheundersignedMinisterforForeignAffairs,onbehalfof z theGovernmentoftheKingdomofThailand,doherebywithdrawthereservationto <n article7andarticle10oftheConvention. 0  2 DoneattheMinistryofForeignAffairs,SaranromPalace,Bangkok,this  ____dayofJulyintheTwothousandFivehundredandThirtyninthyearofthe Dv BuddhistEra,correspondingtotheOnethousandNinehundredandNinetysixth 8 yearoftheChristianEra.  @ UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland @   2 On4January1995,theGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritain  " andNorthernIrelandnotifiedtheSecretaryGeneralofitsdecisiontowithdraw T!# thereservationwithrespecttoarticle13aswellasthefollowingdeclaration "H$ withrespecttoarticle11whichithadmadeuponratificationofthe " % Convention.Thedeclarationreadasfollows: #& 0 2   "...theUnitedKingdomdeclaresthat,intheeventofaconflict %P( betweenobligationsunderthepresentConventionanditsobligationsunder %) theConventionconcerningtheemploymentofwomenonundergroundworkin &* minesofallkinds(ILOConventionNo.45),theprovisionsofthelast d' + mentionedConventionshallprevail."&(X!,2#2#  2 Subsequently,on22March1996,theGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomof )". GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandnotifiedtheSecretaryGeneralofits l*#/ decisiontowithdrawthefollowingreservationsanddeclarationsmadeupon .+`$0 ratificationoftheConventioninrespectoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritain +"%1 andNorthernIreland. ,%2  t-&3 0 2   "(b)TheUnitedKingdomreservestherighttoregardtheprovisions  oftheSexDiscriminationAct1975,theEmploymentProtection  (Consolidation)Act1978,theEmploymentAct1980,theSexDiscrimination R (NorthernIreland)Order1976,theIndustrialRelations(No.2)(Northern  F Ireland)Order1976,theIndustrialRelations(NorthernIreland)Order   1982,theEqualPayAct1970(asamended)andtheEqualPayAct(Northern   Ireland)1970(asamended),includingtheexceptionsandexemptions Z  containedinanyoftheseActsandOrders,asconstitutingappropriate  N measuresforthepracticalrealisationoftheobjectivesoftheConvention   inthesocialandeconomiccircumstancesoftheUnitedKingdom,andto    continuetoapplytheseprovisionsaccordingly;thisreservationwillapply b  equallytoanyfuturelegislationwhichmaymodifyorreplacetheabove $V  ActsandOrdersontheunderstandingthatthetermsofsuchlegislation   willbecompatiblewiththeUnitedKingdom'sobligationsunderthe   Convention.j 2#2# 0 2   "... 2#2# &   2 "Article1 r  0 2   "WithreferencetotheprovisionsoftheSexDiscriminationAct1975 ( andotherapplicablelegislation,theUnitedKingdom'sacceptanceof  article1'rpԀissubjecttothereservationthatthephrase`irrespectiveof z theirmaritalstatus'shallnotbetakentorenderdiscriminatoryany <n differenceoftreatmentaccordedtosinglepersonsasagainstmarried 0 persons,solongasthereisequalityoftreatmentasbetweenmarriedmen  andmarriedwomenandasbetweensinglemenandsinglewomen.2#2#  2 "Article2 8 0 2   "Inthelightofthesubstantialprogressalreadyachievedinthe  UnitedKingdominpromotingtheprogressiveeliminationofdiscrimination L~ againstwomen,theUnitedKingdomreservestheright,withoutprejudiceto @  theotherreservationsmadebytheUnitedKingdom,togiveeffectto ! paragraphs(f)and(g)bykeepingunderreviewsuchofitslawsand  " regulationsasmaystillembodysignificantdifferencesintreatment T!# betweenmenandwomenwithaviewtomakingchangestothoselawsand "H$ regulationswhentodosowouldbecompatiblewithessentialandoverriding " % considerationsofeconomicpolicy.Inrelationtoformsofdiscrimination #& morepreciselyprohibitedbyotherprovisionsoftheConvention,the \$' obligationsunderthisarticlemust(inthecaseoftheUnitedKingdom)be %P( readinconjunctionwiththeotherreservationsanddeclarationsmadein %) respectofthoseprovisionsincludingthedeclarationsandreservationsof &* theUnitedKingdomcontainedinparagraphs(a)-(d)above.d' +2#2# 0 2   "Withregardtoparagraphs(f)and(g)ofthisarticletheUnited ("- Kingdomreservestherighttocontinuetoapplyitslawrelatingtosexual )". offencesandprostitution;thisreservationwillapplyequallytoany l*#/ futurelawwhichmaymodifyorreplaceit..+`$02#2#   +"%1 &    2 "Article9  0 2   "...R2#2# 'z0 2   "TheUnitedKingdomreservestherighttotakesuchstepsasmaybe   necessarytocomplywithitsobligationsunderarticle2oftheFirst   ProtocoltotheConventionfortheProtectionofHumanRightsand Z  FundamentalFreedomssignedatParison20March1952anditsobligations  N underparagraph3ofArticle13oftheInternationalCovenantonEconomic,   SocialandCulturalRightsopenedforsignatureatNewYorkon    19December1966,totheextentthatthesaidprovisionspreservethe b  freedomofparentalchoiceinrespectoftheeducationofchildren;and $V  reservesalsotherightnottotakeanymeasureswhichmayconflictwith   itsobligationunderparagraph4ofarticle13ofthesaidCovenantnotto   interferewiththelibertyofindividualsandbodiestoestablishand j  directeducationalinstitutions,subjecttotheobservationofcertain ,^  principlesandstandards. 2#2# 0 2   "Moreover,theUnitedKingdomcanonlyaccepttheobligationsunder r  paragraph(c)ofarticle10withinthelimitsofthestatutorypowersof 4f centralGovernment,inthelightofthefactthattheteachingcurriculum, ( theprovisionoftextbooksandteachingmethodsarereservedforlocal  controlandarenotsubjecttocentralGovernmentdirection;moreover,the z acceptanceoftheobjectiveofencouragingcoeducationiswithoutprejudice <n totherightoftheUnitedKingdomalsotoencourageothertypesof 0 education.2#2#  2 "Article11 Dv 0 2   "TheUnitedKingdominterpretsthe`righttowork'referredtoin  paragraph1(a)asareferencetothe`righttowork'asdefinedinother  humanrightsinstrumentstowhichtheUnitedKingdomisaparty,notably L~ article6oftheInternationalCovenantonEconomic,SocialandCultural @  Rightsof19December1966.!2#2# 0 2   "TheUnitedKingdominterpretsparagraph1ofarticle11,inthelight T!# oftheprovisionsofparagraph2ofarticle4,asnotprecluding "H$ prohibitions,restrictionsorconditionsontheemploymentofwomenin " % certainareas,orontheworkdonebythem,wherethisisconsidered #& necessarydesirabletoprotectthehealthandsafetyofwomenorthehuman \$' foetus,includingsuchprohibitions,restrictionsorconditionsimposedin %P( consequenceofotherinternationalobligationsoftheUnitedKingdom;...%)2#2# 0 2   "...d' +2#2# 0 2   "TheUnitedKingdomreservestherighttoapplythefollowing ("- provisionsofUnitedKingdomlegislationconcerningthebenefitsspecified:)".2#2# 0 2   (a)  socialsecuritybenefitsforpersonsengagedincaringfora .+`$0 severelydisabledpersonundersection37oftheSocialSecurityAct1975 +"%1 andsection37oftheSocialSecurity(NorthernIreland)Act1975;,%22#2#  t-&3 0 2   ...2#2# 0 2   (c)  retirementpensionsandsurvivors'benefitsundertheSocial R SecurityActs1975to1982andtheSocialSecurity(NorthernIreland)Acts  F 1975to1982; 2#2# 0 2   (d)  familyincomesupplementsundertheFamilyIncomeSupplementsAct Z  1970andtheFamilyIncomeSupplementsAct(NorthernIreland)1971. N2#2# &  0 2   "Thisreservationwillapplyequallytoanyfuturelegislationwhich    maymodifyorreplaceanyoftheprovisionsspecifiedinsubparagraphs(a) b  to(d)above,ontheunderstandingthatthetermsofsuchlegislationwill $V  ' becompatiblewiththeUnitedKingdom'sobligationsundertheConvention. 2#2# 0 2   "...j 2#2# &   2 "Article15   0 2   Inrelationtoarticle15,paragraph2,theUnitedKingdomunderstands r  theterm`legalcapacity'asreferringmerelytotheexistenceofa'} 4f separateanddistinctlegalpersonality.(2#2# 0 2   "...z2#2#  2 "Article16 0 0 2   "...2#2# 0 2   "TheUnitedKingdom'sacceptanceofparagraph1ofarticle16shall 8 notbetreatedaseitherlimitingthefreedomofapersontodisposeofhis  propertyashewishesorasgivingapersonarighttopropertythesubject  ofsuchalimitation."L~2#2#  2 Bythesamecommunication,theGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomofGreat ! BritainandNorthernIrelandconfirmed,fortheavoidanceofdoubt,thatthe  " declarationandreservednessenteredinrespectofthedependentterritorieson T!# behalfofwhichtheConventionwasalsoratifiedcontinuetoapply,butare "H$ underactivereview. " % @1Notes %P(  2 1MultilateralTreatiesDepositedwiththeSecretaryGeneral:Statusasat &* 31December1996(UnitedNationspublication,SalesNo.E.96.V.5). d' +   ("- @0AnnexI   2 STATUSOFDECLARATIONS,RESERVATIONS,OBJECTIONSANDNOTIFICATIONS R  2 OFWITHDRAWALOFRESERVATIONSBYSTATESPARTIESRELATEDTOARTICLES  F  2 OFTHECONVENTIONONTHEELIMINATIONOFALLFORMSOFDISCRIMINATION   @bb-AGAINSTWOMEN   * ddx x x x x x 8#8#,dd ,j dd ,dd ,dd +  8'    8Stateparty =,!f  " =Articlesforwhich f   declarationsor (Z  reservationshave   beenmade =,! " =Statesparties f  thathaveraised (Z objections =,!" =Articlesforwhich f  reservationshave (Z beenwithdrawn ND,"   WxNAlgeria    2   9,para.2   15,para.4 n  16 0b  29  $  Germany     6,  x W Kx6Argentina   R 29,para.1   R    R  6, R  x K Kx6Australia  N! 11,para.2(b)  N"   N#  6,N$ x K x6Austria  |% 7,para.(b) |& 11,para.1(f)  >p'   |(  6,|) x  x6Bahamas  l* 2,para.(a) l+ 9,para.2 .`, 16,para.1(h) "- 29,para.1  .   l/  6,l0 x  x6Bangladesh  1 2  2 Germany 3 Mexico 4 Netherlands d5 Sweden  &X6  6,7 x  x6  T 8 [13,para.(a)]  T 9 Germany T : Mexico !H; Netherlands ! < Sweden  "= 13,para.(a) 6,T > x  x6  #? [16,para.1](c) #@ [and(f)]  $A Germany #B Mexico $C Netherlands L%~D Sweden  &@E 16,para.1(f) 6,#F x  Kx6Belarus  <'n G [29,para.1]  <'n H   <'n I 29,para.1 6,<'n J x K x6Belgium  j(!K 7 j(!L 15,paras.2and3  ,)^"M   j(!N  6,j(!O x  x6Brazil  Z*#P [15,para.4]  Z*#Q Germany Z*#R Netherlands +N$S Sweden  +%T 15,para.4 6,Z*#U x  x6   x [16,para.1(a),(c),  x  (g)and(h)]   : Germany  x Netherlands  : Sweden  ^  16,para.1(a),  x (c),(g)and(h) 6, : x  Kx6   *  29,para.1   *     *   6, *  x K Kx6Bulgaria  X  [29,para.1]  X   X 29,para.1 6,X x K Kx6Canada   [11,para.1(d)]      11,para1(d) 6, x K Kx6Chile   Generaldeclaration       6, x K Kx6China  D 29,para.1  D   D  6,D x K Kx6Cuba  r  29,para.1  r    r   6,r  x K Kx6Cyprus  > ! 9,para.2  > " Mexico  > #  6,> $ x K x6Egypt  l % 2  l & Germany l ' Netherlands . ( Sweden  R )  6,l * x  x6  + 9,para.2  , Germany - Mexico B. Netherlands / Sweden  d0  6,1 x  x6  2 16  3 Germany 4 Mexico T5 Netherlands x6 Sweden  :7  6,8 x  Kx6  h9 29,para.1  h: Mexico  h;  6,h< x K Kx6ElSalvador   4= 29,para.1   4>    4?  6, 4@ x K Kx6Ethiopia  !bA 29,para.1  !bB   !bC  6,!bD x K x6Fiji  "E 5,para.(a), "F 9  #RG Netherlands  "H  6,"I x  x6France  $J [7] $K 14,para.2(c) %BL Ѐand(h) f&M [15,paras.2and3] ('N [16,para.1(c), 'O Ѐ(d)and(h)] (JP 16,para.1(g) n) Q 29,para.1  0*R   $S 7 $T 15,paras.2and3 ('W 16,para.1(c), 'X Ѐ(d)and(h) 6,(JY x  Kx6  ^+ Z   ^+ [   ^+ \ GermanyGeneral ^+ ] declaration:  ,!^ 7,para.(b) "  6,,"_ x K x6Hungary  x       x   : [29,para.1]   x    x 29,para.1 6, x x  Kx6India   h 5,para.(a)   h Netherlands   h  6, h  x K Kx6     16,para.1     Netherlands      6,   x K Kx6  & 16,para.2  & Netherlands  &  6,& x K Kx6  T 29,para.1  T   T  6,T x K Kx6Indonesia    29,para.1         6,  x K x6Iraq  N 2,paras.(f)and(g)  N Germany N Mexico r  Netherlands 4  Sweden     6,N  x  Kx6  $ ! 9,para.1  $ " Sweden  $ #  6,$ $ x K Wx6  R % 9,paras.1and2  R & Germany R ' Israel  ( Mexico t) Netherlands 6* Sweden  Z+  6,R , x W x6  &- 16  &. Germany &/ Mexico J0 Netherlands  1 Sweden  l2  6,&3 x  Kx6  4 29,para.1  5 Sweden  6  6,7 x K x6Ireland  * 8 [9,para.1] * 9 [11,para.1]  : [13,para.(a)] !L; 13,paras.(b)and(c) p"< 15,para.3 2#= [15,para.4] #> 16,paras.1(d)and $T? Ѐ(f)  x%@   * A 9,para.1 * B 11,para.1  C 13,para.(a) !LD 15,para.4 6,2#F x  x6Israel  &DG 7,para.(b) &DH 16 h'I 29,para.1  *(J   &DK  6,&DL x  x6Italy X)M Jamaica  *z O Generalreservation X)P [9,para.2]  *z R Germany *z U Mexico + Germany  %? Mexico %l@ Netherlands &.A Norway R'B Sweden  (C  6,#&D x  Kx6  B)E 2  B)F   B)G  6,B)H x K x6  p* I 16,para.1(c)and p* J (d)  2+ K   p* L  6,p* M x  x6Liechtenstein  `,!N 1 `,!O [9,para.2]  "-"P   `,!Q 9,para.2 6,"-"S x  x6Luxembourg   x 7  x 16,para.1(g)   :    x  6, x x  x6Malawi   h [5]   h Germany  h Mexico  *  Netherlands N  Sweden    5 6, h  x  Kx6  >  [29,para.2]  >   > 29,para.2 6,> x K Wx6Malaysia  l  2,para.(f) l  5,para.(a) . 7,para.(b)  9 P  16  t  Finland l  Germany . Netherlands  Norway  P   6,l  x W x6Maldives  @  2  @  Austria @  Canada d  Finland &  Germany  ! Netherlands H" Norway l # Portugal .$ Sweden  %  6,@ & x  x6Malta  ' 11,para.1 ( 13 ~) 15 @* 16,para.1(e)  d+   ,  6,- x  x6Mauritius  0. 11,para.1(b)and 0/ (d)  T 0 Germany 01 Mexico T 2 Netherlands !3 Sweden  !v4  6,05 x  x6  #6 16,para.1(g)  #7 Germany #8 Mexico #f9 Netherlands $(: Sweden  L%;  6,#< x  Kx6  z&= 29,para.1  z&>   z&?  6,z&@ x K Kx6Mexico  'FA Generaldeclaration  'FB   'FC  6,'FD x K Kx6Mongolia  (tE [29,para.1]  (tF   (tG 29,para.1 6,(tH x K Kx6Morocco  *I 2  *J Netherlands  *K  6,*L x K Kx6  2+ M 9,para.2  2+ N Netherlands  2+ O  6,2+ P x K Kx6  `,!Q 15,para.4  `,!R Netherlands  `,!S  6,`,!T x K Kx6  -,#U 16  -,#V Netherlands  -,#W  6,-,#X x K Kx6   x 29   x    x  6, x x K Kx6Myanmar    29         6,  x K Kx6Netherlands  6   Generaldeclaration  6     6    6,6   x K x6NewZealand d  (CookIslands)  & 2,para.(f)  d Mexico d Sweden  &  6,d x  x6(CookIslands)  T 5,para.(a)  T Mexico T Sweden    6,T x  x6(CookIslands D andNiue)   11,para.2(b)  D   D  6,D x  x6Pakistan  4  29,para.1  4  Austria 4  Finland   Germany V ! Norway  z "  6,4 # x  Kx6Poland  F $ [29,para.1]  F %   F & 29,para.1 6,F ' x K x6Republicof t( Korea  6) 9  t* Germany t+ Mexico 6, Netherlands Z- Sweden  .  6,t/ x  x6  J0 16,para.1[(c),(d) J1 and(f)](g)   2 Germany J3 Mexico  4 Netherlands l5 Sweden  .6 16,para.1(c), J7 (d)and(f) 6, 8 x  Kx6Romania  \9 [29,para.1]  \:   \; 29,para.1 6,\< x K x6Russian  = Federation  !L> [29,para.1]   ?    @ 29,para.1 6, A x  x6Singapore  "zB 2  "zC Finland "zD Netherlands #<E Norway  `$F  6,"zG x  x6  %,H 16  %,I Finland %,J Netherlands P&K Norway  'L  6,%,M x  x6  @(N 11,para.1  @(O Finland @(P Netherlands )Q Norway  )bR  6,@(S x  x6  * T 29,para.1  * U Finland * V Netherlands +R!W Norway  v,"X  6,* Y x  Kx6Spain  -B#Z 7(declaration)  -B#[   -B#\  6,-B#] x K x6Switzerland   x 7(b)  x 15,para.2  : 16,para.1(g) ^  16,para.1(h)       x  6, x x  Kx6Thailand  N 7  N  Germany  N   6,N  x K x6  |  [9,para.2]  |  Germany | Mexico > Netherlands  Sweden  ` 9,para.2 6,| x  x6   10   Germany  Mexico  P   6, x  Kx6  ~  [11,para.1(b)]  ~  Germany  ~  11,para.1(b) 6,~  x K x6    [15,para.3]    Germany   Mexico n  Netherlands 0  Sweden  T ! 15,para.3 6, " x  x6   # 16   $ Germany  % Mexico D& Netherlands ' Sweden  f(  6, ) x  Kx6  * 29,para.1  +   ,  6,- x K x6Trinidadand $. Tobago  / 29,para.1  $0   $1  6,$2 x  x6Tunisia   3 9,para.2   4 Germany  5 Netherlands  t6 Sweden  !67  6, 8 x  x6  "d9 15,para.4  "d: Germany "d; Netherlands #&< Sweden  J$=  6,"d> x  x6  x%? 16,para.1(c),(d), x%@ (f),(g)and(h) :&A 29,para.1  &B Germany x%C Netherlands :&D Sweden  &E  6,x%F x  x6Turkey  *(G 9,para.1 *(H (declaration)  (I   *(J  6,*(K x  x6  *L 15,paras.2and4  *M Germany *N Netherlands  *z O  6,*P x  x6   ,!Q 16,para.1(c),(d),  ,!R (f)and(g)  ,j"S Germany  ,!T Mexico ,j"U Netherlands  -,#V  6, ,!W x  Kx6   x  29,para.1   x    x  6, x x K Kx6Ukraine    [29,para.1]        29,para.1 6,  x K &x6UnitedKingdom 6   ofGreatBritain    andNorthern X  Ireland  |  (declarations) 6   1   [2,paras.(f)and X (g)] | 9 > 10,para.(c)  11,paras.1and2 ` [13] " 15,paras.2and3 F 16,para.1    Argentina  6  2,paras.(f) X and(g) | 11,para.1(part) ` 13 "  6, ! x & >x6(UnitedKingdom 6 " ЀofGreat  # ЀBritainand X $ ЀNorthern | % ЀIreland) > & onbehalfof: ' *Px 882*0 P BritishVirgin `( Islands, ") Falkland F* Islands + (Malvinas), h, IsleofMan, *- SouthGeorgia N. andSouth / Sandwich p0 Islands,and  21 Turksand V!2 CaicosIslands ("3P P  ((declarations) 9 1,2,9,11, h> 13,15,16  *?   6 @  6,6 A x > Kx6Venezuela  F#B 29,para.1  F#C   F#D  6,F#E x K Kx6VietNam  t$F 29,para.1  t$G   t$H  =,t$I x K [x =Yemen 4#%@J 429,para.1 4#%@K 4 4#%@L 43)'%@M x [ n  3  &"M @\\/AnnexII  @ARTICLESOFTHECONVENTIONONTHEELIMINATIONOFALLFORMSOF R @DISCRIMINATIONAGAINSTWOMENFORWHICHSTATESPARTIESHAVE  F @ !NOTYETWITHDRAWNTHEIRRESERVATIONS   $ 88VP$̀Article󀀀 V Stateparty  N 10 V Liechtenstein,UnitedKingdomandon    behalfof:BritishVirginIslands, b  FalklandIslands(Malvinas),South $V  GeorgiaandSouthSandwichIslands,and   TurksandCaicosIslands V#V# 20 V Bangladesh,Egypt,LibyanArab ,^  Jamahiriya,Maldives,Morocco,Singapore V#V# 2,para.(a)0 V Bahamasr V#V# 2,para.(e) V Lesotho ( 2,para.(f) V Malaysia,NewZealand(CookIslands) z 2,paras.(f)and(g) V Iraq,UnitedKingdom 0 5,para.(a)0 V Fiji,India,Malaysia,NewZealand(Cook  Islands)DvV#V# 70 V Belgium,Luxembourg,Spain,ThailandV#V# 7,para.(a) V Kuwait L~ 7,para.(b) V Austria,Germany,Israel,Malaysia ! 90 V Fiji,Malaysia,RepublicofKorea,United T!# Kingdomandonbehalfof:BritishVirgin "H$ Islands,FalklandIslands(Malvinas), " % SouthGeorgiaandSouthSandwichIslands, #& andTurksandCaicosIslands\$'V#V# 9,paras.1and2 V Iraq %) 9,para.20 V Bahamas,Cyprus,Egypt,Jordan,Kuwait, d' + Morocco,Tunisia&(X!,V#V# 10 V Thailand )".  88V8810,para.(c) V UnitedKingdom .+`$0   +"%1 ЀArticle󀀀 V Stateparty  110 V UnitedKingdomandonbehalfof:British R VirginIslands,FalklandIslands  F (Malvinas),SouthGeorgiaandSouth   SandwichIslands,andTurksandCaicos   IslandsZ V#V# 11,para.1 V Malta,Singapore   11,para.1(b)and(d) V Mauritius b  11,para.1(f) V Austria   11,para.2(b)0 V Australia,NewZealandj V#V#  V (CookIslandsandNiue) ,^  130 V Malta,UnitedKingdomonbehalfof:   BritishVirginIslands,FalklandIslands r  (Malvinas),SouthGeorgiaandSouth 4f SandwichIslands,andTurksandCaicos ( IslandsV#V# 13,paras.(b)and(c) V Ireland <n 14,para.2(c) V France  14,para.2(h) V France Dv 15 V Malta  15,paras.2and30 V Belgium,UnitedKingdomandonbehalfof: L~ BritishVirginIslands,FalklandIslands @  (Malvinas),SouthGeorgiaandSouth ! SandwichIslands,andTurksandCaicos  " IslandsT!#V#V# 15,paras.2and4 V Turkey " % 15,para.3 V Ireland \$' 15,para.4 V Jordan,Morocco,Tunisia %) 160 V Egypt,Iraq,Israel,Malaysia,Malta, d' + Morocco,Singapore,Thailand&(X!,V#V# 16,para.1 V India )".   l*#/  0 рArticle󀀀 V Stateparty   88V8816,para.1(f)0 V UnitedKingdomandonbehalfof:British R VirginIslands,FalklandIslands  F (Malvinas),SouthGeorgiaandSouth   SandwichIslands,andTurksandCaicos   IslandsZ V#V# 16,para.1(c)and(d)0 V LibyanArabJamahiriya V#V# 16,para.1(c),(d),(f)and(g) V Turkey b  16,para.1(c),(d),(f),(g) V Tunisia   and(h)   16,para.1(c),(d),(g) V Jordan ,^  16,para.1(c)and(f) V Bangladesh   16,para.1(d)and(f) V Ireland 4f 16,para.1(f)0 V KuwaitV#V# 16,para.1(e) V Malta <n 16,para.1(g)0 V France,Luxembourg,Mauritius,Republic  ofKoreaV#V# 16,para.1(h)0 V Bahamas8V#V# 16,para.2 V India  29,para.10 V Argentina,Bahamas,Brazil,China,Cuba, @  Egypt,ElSalvador,Ethiopia,France, ! India,Indonesia,Iraq,Israel,Jamaica,  " Kuwait,Mauritius,Morocco,Singapore, T!# Thailand,TrinidadandTobago,Tunisia, "H$ Turkey,Venezuela,VietNam,Yemen" %V#V# @1