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HhdE8Hh?-88 P888- R MEETINGOFSTATESPARTIESTOTHE %g ЀCONVENTIONONTHEELIMINATION ) ЀOFALLFORMSOFDISCRIMINATION  ЀAGAINSTWOMEN k Eleventhmeeting -o NewYork,31August2000 1 Item6oftheprovisionalagenda*!_4 3  *     _  @bb.OTHERMATTERS 9 @Declarations,reservations,objectionsandnotifications { @ofwithdrawalofreservationsrelatingtotheConvention = @ontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscrimination󀀀 A @bb.againstWomen  @\\0CONTENTS I" $ 88t88P$ t Page $  .38 8 P"88<3 I.0  INTRODUCTION.....................................................!!WP"10Q&##  II.0  CONVENTIONONTHEELIMINATIONOFALLFORMSOFDISCRIMINATION (##   AGAINSTWOMEN....................................................!!WP"10 U!!)   A.0  Generalinformation..........................................!!WP"10"#+##   B.  Textsofdeclarationsandreservations.......................!!WP"17 ]$$-     Algeria......................................................!!WP"17 %#&/     Argentina....................................................!!WP"18 e''1     Australia....................................................!!WP"18  (+)3 2 2) 2  _@*CONTENTS(continued)  3 88t8 8 P"3 t Page R 38 8 P"88<3    Austria......................................................!!WP"19       Bahamas......................................................!!WP"19 Z      Bangladesh...................................................!!WP"20       Belgium......................................................!!WP"20 b      Brazil.......................................................!!WP"20       Chile........................................................!!WP"21 j      China........................................................!!WP"21       Cuba.........................................................!!WP"21 r      Cyprus.......................................................!!WP"22 (     Egypt........................................................!!WP"22 z     ElSalvador..................................................!!WP"23 0     Ethiopia.....................................................!!WP"23      France.......................................................!!WP"24 8     Germany......................................................!!WP"25      India........................................................!!WP"26 @      Indonesia....................................................!!WP"26  "     Iraq.........................................................!!WP"26 "H$     Ireland......................................................!!WP"27 #&     Israel.......................................................!!WP"28 %P(     Italy........................................................!!WP"28 &*     Jamaica......................................................!!WP"29 &(X!,     Jordan.......................................................!!WP"29 )".     Kuwait.......................................................!!WP"29 .+`$0     Lebanon......................................................!!WP"30  ,%2 @*CONTENTS(continued)  3 88t8 8 P"3 t Page R 38 8 P"88<3    Lesotho......................................................!!WP"30       LibyanArabJamahiriya.......................................!!WP"31 Z      Liechtenstein................................................!!WP"31       Luxembourg...................................................!!WP"32 b      Malaysia.....................................................!!WP"32       Maldives.....................................................!!WP"32 j      Malta........................................................!!WP"33       Mauritius....................................................!!WP"34 r      Mexico.......................................................!!WP"34 (     Morocco......................................................!!WP"34 z     Myanmar......................................................!!WP"36 0     Netherlands..................................................!!WP"36      NewZealand..................................................!!WP"37 8     Niger........................................................!!WP"37      Pakistan.....................................................!!WP"39 @      RepublicofKorea............................................!!WP"39  "     Singapore....................................................!!WP"40 "H$     Spain........................................................!!WP"40 #&     Switzerland..................................................!!WP"41 %P(     Thailand.....................................................!!WP"41 &*     TrinidadandTobago..........................................!!WP"42 &(X!,     Tunisia......................................................!!WP"42 )".     Turkey.......................................................!!WP"43 .+`$0     UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.........!!WP"43 ,%2  t-&3 @*CONTENTS(continued)  3 88t8 8 P"3 t 󀀀Page R 38 8 P"88<3    Venezuela....................................................!!WP"46       VietNam.....................................................!!WP"47 Z      Yemen........................................................!!WP"47     C.  Objectionstocertaindeclarationsandreservations..........!!WP"47 b      ObjectionbyArgentinatotheapplicationoftheConventionto       theFalklandIslands(Malvinas)andSouthGeorgiaandthe       SouthSandwichIslandsbytheUnitedKingdom,notifiedupon j      ratification.................................................!!WP"47 ,^      CommunicationoftheUnitedKingdomconcerningtheobjection       ofArgentina.................................................!!WP"48 r      ObjectionbyAustriatothereservationsmadebyMaldives (     uponaccession...............................................!!WP"48      ObjectionbyAustriatothereservationsmadebyPakistan <n     uponaccession...............................................!!WP"48 0     ObjectionbyAustriatothereservationmadebyLebanon      uponaccession...............................................!!WP"49 Dv     ObjectionbyCanadatothereservationsmadebyMaldives      uponaccession...............................................!!WP"49      ObjectionbyDenmarktothereservationmadebyKuwait @      andLesothouponratificationandbyMalaysia,Maldives !     andSingaporeuponaccession.................................!!WP"50  "     ObjectionbyDenmarktothereservationmadebyLebanonupon "H$     accession....................................................!!WP"50 " %     ObjectionbyDenmarktothereservationmadebytheLibyan \$'     ArabJamahiriyauponaccession...............................!!WP"51 %P(     ObjectionbyDenmarktothereservationsmadebyPakistan &*     uponratification.............................................!!WP"51 d' +     ObjectionbyFinlandtoreservationsmadebyKuwait ("-     uponaccession...............................................!!WP"51 )".   .+`$0 @\\0CONTENTS  3 88t8 8 P"3 t Page R 38 8 P"88<3    ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationmadebyLesotho       uponratification............................................!!WP"52       ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadebytheLibyan  N     ArabJamahiriyauponaccession...............................!!WP"52       ObjectionbyFinlandtothemodifiedreservationmadebythe b      LibyanArabJamahiriyauponaccession........................!!WP"53 $V      ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadebyMalaysia       uponaccession...............................................!!WP"53 j      ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadebyMaldives       uponaccession...............................................!!WP"54       ObjectionbyFinlandtothemodifiedreservationsmadeby 4f     Maldives.....................................................!!WP"54 (     ObjectionbyFinlandtothedeclarationmadebyPakistan z     uponaccession...............................................!!WP"55 <n 3 88t8 8 P"338 8 P"88<3    ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadebySingapore      uponaccession...............................................!!WP"55      ObjectionbyFrancetothereservationsmadebyMalaysia 8     uponaccession...............................................!!WP"55      ObjectionbyGermanytothereservationsmadebyAlgeria L~     uponaccession...............................................!!WP"56 @      ObjectionbyGermanytothereservationsmadebyMalaysia  "     uponaccession...............................................!!WP"56 T!#     ObjectionbyGermanytothepartialwithdrawaloftheoriginal " %     reservationmadebyMaldives.................................!!WP"57 #&     ObjectionbyGermanytothereservationsmadebyPakistan %P(     uponaccession...............................................!!WP"57 %)     ObjectionsofthesamenaturebytheGovernmentofGermany d' +     tothereservationsmadebyBangladesh,Iraq,theLibyanArab &(X!,     Jamahiriya,Malawi,Mauritius,ThailandandTurkeyupon ("-     accessionandbyBrazil,Egypt,Jamaica,theRepublicofKorea )".     andTunisiauponratification................................!!WP"58 l*#/   +"%1 @\\0CONTENTS  3 88t8 8 P"3 t Page R 38 8 P"88<3    ObjectionbyMexicotothereservationsmadebyBangladesh,       Cyprus,Iraq,theLibyanArabJamahiriya,Mauritius,Thailand       andTurkeyuponaccessionandbyEgypt,Jamaica,NewZealand Z      andtheRepublicofKoreauponratification,andcommunication  N     regardingMalawi.............................................!!WP"59       ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby b      Algeriauponaccession.......................................!!WP"61 $V      ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby       FijiuponaccessionandbyLesothouponratification.........!!WP"61 j      ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby       Kuwaituponaccession........................................!!WP"61       ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby 4f     Malaysiauponaccession.......................................!!WP"62 (     ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby z     Malaysiauponaccession......................................!!WP"62 <n     ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothemodifiedreservationsmade      byMalaysia..................................................!!WP"62      ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby 8     Pakistanuponaccession......................................!!WP"63      ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby L~     Bangladesh,Iraq,theLibyanArabJamahiriya,Malawi, @      Maldives,Mauritius,Morocco,ThailandandTurkeyupon !     accessionandBrazil,Egypt,India,Jamaica,theRepublic  "     ofKoreaandTunisiauponratification.......................!!WP"64 T!#     ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby " %     Singaporeuponaccession.....................................!!WP"65 #&     ObjectionsbyNorwaytothereservationsmadebyKuwait,the %P(     LibyanArabJamahiriyaandMaldivesuponaccession...........!!WP"66 %)     ObjectionbyNorwaytothereservationsmadebyLesotho d' +     uponaccession...............................................!!WP"67 &(X!,     ObjectionbyNorwaytothereservationsmadebyAlgeria, )".     MalaysiaandSingaporeuponaccession........................!!WP"68 l*#/     ObjectionbyNorwaytothedeclarationmadebyPakistan +"%1     uponaccession...............................................!!WP"69 ,%2  t-&3     @*CONTENTS(continued)  3 88t8 8 P"3 t 󀀀Page R 38 8 P"88<3    ObjectionbyPortugaltothereservationmadebyMaldives       uponaccession...............................................!!WP"69       ObjectionbyPortugaltothereservationmadebyPakistan  N     uponaccession...............................................!!WP"69       ObjectionbySwedentothereservationsmadebyBangladesh, b      Iraq,theLibyanArabJamahiriya,Lebanon,Malawi,Maldives, $V      Mauritius,theNigerandThailanduponaccessionandBrazil,       Egypt,NewZealand,theRepublicofKoreaandTunisiaupon       ratification.................................................!!WP"70 j      ObjectionbySwedentothereservationsmadebyKuwait   Ѐ    uponaccession...............................................!!WP"72       ObjectionbySwedentothereservationsmadebyPakistanand 4f Ѐ    Singaporeuponaccession.....................................!!WP"73 (   D.  Notificationsofwithdrawalofcertainreservations..........!!WP"74 z     Bangladesh...................................................!!WP"74 0     Belarus,RussianFederationandUkraine......................!!WP"74      Belgium......................................................!!WP"74 8     Brazil.......................................................!!WP"74      Bulgaria.....................................................!!WP"74 @      Canada.......................................................!!WP"74  "     CzechRepublic...............................................!!WP"75 "H$     Fiji.........................................................!!WP"75 #&     France.......................................................!!WP"75 %P(     Hungary......................................................!!WP"75 &*     Ireland......................................................!!WP"75 &(X!,     Jamaica......................................................!!WP"76 )".     LibyanArabRepublic.........................................!!WP"76 .+`$0     Liechtenstein................................................!!WP"76 ,%2   t-&3 @*CONTENTS(continued)  3 88t8 8 P"3 t 󀀀Page R 38 8 P"88<3    Malawi.......................................................!!WP"76       Malaysia.....................................................!!WP"76 Z          Maldives.....................................................!!WP"77        Mauritius....................................................!!WP"77 $V      Mongolia.....................................................!!WP"78       NewZealand..................................................!!WP"78 ,^      Poland.......................................................!!WP"78       RepublicofKorea............................................!!WP"78 4f     Romania......................................................!!WP"78      Thailand.....................................................!!WP"79 <n     Turkey.......................................................!!WP"79      UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.........!!WP"79 Dv   E.  Acceptanceoftheamendmenttoarticle20,paragraph1,ofthe      Convention...................................................!!WP"83    F.  StatespartiesthathavesignedandratifiedtheOptional @      ProtocoltotheConvention...................................!!WP"83 !   G.  CommunicationsreceivedbytheSecretaryGeneral.............!!WP"83 T!#     ChinaandtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthern " %     Ireland......................................................!!WP"83 #&     Israel.......................................................!!WP"85 %P(     Portugal.....................................................!!WP"85 &*     NewZealand..................................................!!WP"86 &(X!,     UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,Isleof )".     Man,BritishVirginIslands,FalklandIslands(Malvinas), l*#/     SouthGeorgiaandSouthSandwichIslandsandTurksand .+`$0     CaicosIslands...............................................!!WP"86 +"%1   ,%2 @\\0CONTENTS  3 88t8 8 P"3 t Page R 38 8 P"88<3@1Annexes    I.  Statusofdeclarations,reservations,objectionsandnotifications Z    ofwithdrawalofreservationsbyStatespartiesrelatedtoarticles  N   oftheConvention.................................................!!WP"89    II.  ArticlesoftheConventionforwhichStatespartieshavenotyet b    withdrawntheirreservations......................................!!WP"97 $V  44 III.  StatespartiesthathavedepositedwiththeSecretaryGeneral     instrumentsofacceptanceoftheamendmenttoarticle20, j    paragraph1,oftheConvention....................................$!$!VP"100 ,^   IV.  Statespartiesthathavesignedandratifiedtheoptional     protocol..........................................................$!$!VP"101 r     988, 8 8 P"9@,I.INTRODUCTION  1. , Thepresentdocumentcontainsthedeclarations,reservations,objections  F andnotificationsofwithdrawalofreservationsmadebyStatespartieswith   respecttotheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscrimination   againstWomenreproducedinMultilateralTreatiesDepositedwiththeSecretary Z  General:Statusasat30April1999.* 6 3  1     ׀Declarations,reservations,objections  N andnotificationsofwithdrawalofreservationshavealsobeentakenfromthe   reportoftheSecretaryGeneralonthestatusoftheConvention(A/54/224and    Corr.1).Declarations,reservations,objectionsandnotificationsofwithdrawal b  ofreservationsmadefrom1August1999to1July2000havebeentakenfromthe $V  MultilateralTreatieswebsite.   @( ( II.CONVENTIONONTHEELIMINATIONOFALLFORMSOF ,^  @( ( DISCRIMINATIONAGAINSTWOMEN   @nn)A.Generalinformation r  2. , TheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainst ( WomenwasadoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyinitsresolution34/180of  18December1979.Itenteredintoforceon3September1981,inaccordancewith z theprovisionsofitsarticle27.ThestatusofStatespartieswithrespectto <n theConventionasof1July2000isshownbelow. 0 @StatusofStatespartieswithrespecttotheConventionon Dv @theEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainst󀀀 8 @nn)Womenasat1July2000  *78 ddd Xdd Xdd X8#8#,x ,x ,x +  89:'L~L~ 8State =;<,! "9: =Dateofsignature ==>,!!";< =Dateofreceiptof " theinstrumentof # ratification,accession X $ orsuccession<20!L%"   => <' 8888,'+Afghanistan  14August1980 "& Albania    11May1994a #( Algeria    22May1996ab  %=* Andorra    15January1997a 9&k, Angola    17September1986a g' . AntiguaandBarbuda    1August1989a (!0 Argentina  17July1980  15July1985b )"2 Armenia    13September1993a+ *#$4 Ї*?@ ddx x x x x x 788#8#,x ,x ,x +  8AB' 8State =CD,!V"AB =Dateofsignature =EF,!V"CD =Dateofreceiptof V theinstrumentof J ratification,accession   orsuccession<20 "   EF <$ 8888 $+Australia  17July1980  28July1983b 1 c Austria  17July1980  31March1982b K }  Azerbaijan    10July1995a e   Bahamas    6October1993ab   Bangladesh    6November1984ab  Barbados  24July1980  16October1980   Belarus  17July1980  4February1981c   Belgium  17July1980  10July1985b   Belize  7March1990  16May1990 3  Benin  11November1981  12March1992 M Bhutan  17July1980  31August1981 5g Bolivia  30May1980  8June1990 O BosniaandHerzegovina    1September1993d i Botswana    13August1996a ! Brazil  31March1981b  1February1984bc # Bulgaria  17July1980  8February1982c % BurkinaFaso    14October1987a ' Burundi  17July1980  8January1992 ) Cambodia  17October1980  15October1992a 7+ Cameroon  6June1983  23August1994a  Q- Canada  17July1980  10December1981c 9!k/ CapeVerde    5December1980a S"1 CentralAfricanRepublic    21June1991a m#3 Chad    9June1995a $5 Chile  17July1980  7December1989b %7 China  17July1980b  4November1980b &9 Colombia  17July1980  19January1982 '!; Comoros    31October1994a (!"= Congo  29July1980  26July1982  *;#? CostaRica  17July1980  4April1986 #+U$A C=ted'Ivoire  17July1980  18December1995a+  =,o%C *GH ddx x x x x x ?@8#8#,x ,x ,x +  8IJ' 8 State =KL,!V"IJ =Dateofsignature =MN,!V"KL =Dateofreceiptof V theinstrumentof J ratification,accession   orsuccession<20 "   MN <+$ 8888 $Croatia    9September1992d 1 c Cuba  6March1980  17July1980b K }  Cyprus    23July1985ab e   CzechRepublice    22February1993cd   DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo0  17July1980  17October1986## Denmark  17July1980  21April1983   Djibouti    2December1998a   Dominica  15September1980  15September1980   DominicanRepublic  17July1980  2September1982 3  Ecuador  17July1980  9November1981 M Egypt  16July1980b  18September1981b 5g ElSalvador  14November1980b  19August1981b O EquatorialGuinea    23October1984a i Eritrea    5September1995a ! Estonia    21October1991a # Ethiopia  8July1980  10September1981b % Fiji    28August1995ab ' Finland  17July1980  4September1986 ) France  17July1980b  14December1983bc 7+ Gabon  17July1980  21January1983  Q- Gambia  29July1980  16April1993 9!k/ Georgia    26October1994a S"1 Germanyf  17July1980  10July1985b m#3 Ghana  17July1980  2January1986 $5 Greece  2March1982  7June1983 %7 Grenada  17July1980  30August1990 &9 Guatemala  8June1981  12August1982 '!; Guinea  17July1980  9August1982 (!"= GuineaBissau  17July1980  23August1985  *;#? Guyana  17July1980  17July1980+  #+U$A *OP ddx x x x x x GH8#8#,x ,x ,x +  8QR' 8State =ST,!V"QR =Dateofsignature =UV,!V"ST =Dateofreceiptof V theinstrumentof J ratification,accession   orsuccession<20 "   UV <+Haiti  17July1980  20July1981 1 c Honduras  11June1980  3March1983 K }  Hungary  6June1980  22December1980c e   Iceland  24July1980  18June1985   India  30July1980b  9July1993b  Indonesia  29July1980  13September1984b   Iraq    13August1986a   Ireland    23December1985abc   Israel  17July1980  3October1991b 3  Italy  17July1980b  10June1985 M Jamaica  17July1980  19October1984bc 5g Japan  17July1980  25June1985 O Jordan  3December1980b  1July1992b i Kazakhstan    26August1998a ! Kenya    9March1984a # Kuwait    2September1994ab % Kyrgyzstan    10February1997a ' LaoPeople'sDemocraticRepublic  17July1980  14August1981 ) Latvia    14April1992a 7+ Lebanon    16April1997a  Q- Lesotho  17July1980  22August1995ab 9!k/ Liberia    17July1984a S"1 LibyanArabJamahiriya    16May1989ab m#3 Liechtenstein    22December1995a $5 Lithuania    18January1994a %7 Luxembourg  17July1980  2February1989b &9 Madagascar  17July1980  17March1989 '!; Malawi    12March1987ac (!"= Malaysia    5July1995ab  *;#? Maldives    1July1993ab+  #+U$A *WX ddx x x x x x OP8#8#,x ,x ,x +  8YZ' 8State =[\,!V"YZ =Dateofsignature =]^,!V"[\ =Dateofreceiptof V theinstrumentof J  ratification,accession   orsuccession<20 "   ]^ <+Mali  5February1985  10September1985 1 c Malta    8March1991ab K }  Mauritius    9July1984ab e   Mexico  17July1980b  23March1981   Mongolia  17July1980  20July1981c  Morocco    21June1993ab   Mozambique    16April1997a   Myanmar    22July1997a   Namibia    23November1992a 3  Nepal  5February1991  22April1991 M Netherlands  17July1980  23July1991 5g NewZealand  17July1980  10January1985bc O Nicaragua  17July1980  27October1981 i Niger    8October1999a ! Nigeria  23April1984  13June1985 # Norway  17July1980  21May1981 % Pakistan    12March1996ab ' Panama  26June1980  29October1981 ) PapuaNewGuinea    12January1995a 7+ Paraguay    6April1987a  Q- Peru  23July1981  13September1982 9!k/ Philippines  15July1980  5August1981 S"1 Poland  29May1980  30July1980b m#3 Portugal  24April1980  30July1980 $5 RepublicofKorea  25May1983b  27December1984bc %7 RepublicofMoldova    1July1994a &9 Romania  4September1980b  7January1982b '!; RussianFederation  17July1980  23January1981c (!"= Rwanda  1May1980  2March1981  *;#? SaintKittsandNevis    25April1985a #+U$A SaintLucia    8October1982a+  =,o%C *_` ddx x x x x x WX8#8#,x ,x ,x +  8ab' 8State =cd,!V"ab =Dateofsignature =ef,!V"cd =Dateofreceiptof V theinstrumentof J ratification,accession   orsuccession<20 "   ef <+SaintVincentandtheGrenadines    4August1981a 1 c Samoa    25September1992a K }  SaoTomeandPrincipe  31October1995 e   Senegal  29July1980  5February1985   Seychelles    5May1992a  SierraLeone  21September1988  11November1988   Singapore    5October1995ab   Slovakiae    28May1993d   Slovenia    6July1992d 3  SouthAfrica  29January1993  15December1995a M Spain  17July1980  5January1984b 5g SriLanka  17July1980  5October1981 O Suriname    1March1993a i Sweden  7March1980  2July1980 ! Switzerland  23January1987  27March1997a # Tajikistan    26October1993a % Thailand    9August1985abc ' +TheformerYugoslavRepublicof ) +Macedonia    18January1994d * Togo    26September1983a , TrinidadandTobago  27June1985b  12January1990b  . Tunisia  24July1980  20September1985b !-0 Turkey    20December1985ab #G2 Turkmenistan    1May1997a /$a4 Tuvalu    6October1999a I%{6 Uganda  30July1980  22July1985 c&8 Ukraine  17July1980  12March1981c }' : +UnitedKingdomofGreatBritain (!< +andNorthernIreland  22July1981  7April1986b Y)"= UnitedRepublicofTanzania  17July1980  20August1985 s*#? UnitedStatesofAmerica  17July1980 +$A +  ,L%B *gh ddx x x x x x _`8#8#,x ,x ,x +  8ij' 8State =kl,!V"ij =Dateofsignature =mn,!V"kl =Dateofreceiptof V theinstrumentof J ratification,accession   orsuccession<20 "   mn <+Uruguay  30March1981  9October1981 1 c Uzbekistan    19July1995a K }  Vanuatu    8September1995a e   Venezuela  17July1980  2May1983b   VietNam  29July1980  17February1982b  Yemeng    30May1984ab   Yugoslavia  17July1980  26February1982   Zambia  17July1980  21June1985   Zimbabwe    13May1991a+ 3  ?.' hdE8h?   $ 8o 88 $  aAccession.    bDeclarationsorreservations. L   cReservationsubsequentlywithdrawn.    dSuccession. "T    eBeforebecomingaseparateStateon1January1993,theCzechRepublicand " SlovakiaformedpartofCzechoslovakia,whichhadratifiedtheConventionon h# 16February1982.TheConventionenteredintoforceon18March1982. *\$   fWitheffectfrom3October1990,theGermanDemocraticRepublic(which & ratifiedtheConventionon9July1980)andtheFederalRepublicofGermany p' (whichratifiedtheConventionon10July1985)unitedtoformonesovereign 2 d( State,whichactsintheUnitedNationsunderthedesignationof"Germany".  &)   gOn22May1990,DemocraticYemenandYemenmergedtoformasingleState, x"+ whichactsintheUnitedNationsunderthedesignationof"Yemen". :#l,   %/ @ B.Textsofdeclarationsandreservations  @1ALGERIA R 44J#[Original:French]   44J#[22May1996] Z  Reservations   ! 8"  8! " Article2 b  $882 8"$ 2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sDemocraticRepublicofAlgeriadeclaresthat   itispreparedtoapplytheprovisionsofthisarticleonconditionthattheydo   notconflictwiththeprovisionsoftheAlgerianFamilyCode. j   2 Article9,paragraph2    2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sDemocraticRepublicofAlgeriawishesto r  expressitsreservationsconcerningtheprovisionsofarticle9,paragraph2, 4f whichareincompatiblewiththeprovisionsoftheAlgerianNationalityCodeand ( theAlgerianFamilyCode.   2 TheAlgerianNationalityCodeallowsachildtotakethenationalityofthe <n motheronlywhen: 0  2 -0  Thefatheriseitherunknownorstateless;##  2 -0  ThechildisborninAlgeriatoanAlgerianmotherandaforeign 8 fatherwhowasborninAlgeria.## Moreover,achildborninAlgeriatoanAlgerianmotherandaforeignfatherwho L~ wasnotbornonAlgerianterritorymay,underarticle26oftheAlgerian @  NationalityCode,acquirethenationalityofthemotherprovidingtheMinistry ! ofJusticedoesnotobject.  "  2 Article41oftheAlgerianFamilyCodestatesthatachildisaffiliatedto "H$ itsfatherthroughlegalmarriage. " %  2 Article43ofthatCodestatesthat"thechildisaffiliatedtoitsfather \$' ifitisborninthe10monthsfollowingthedateofseparationordeath". %P(  2 Article15,paragraph4 &*  2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sDemocraticRepublicofAlgeriadeclaresthat &(X!, theprovisionsofarticle15,paragraph4,concerningtherightofwomento ("- choosetheirresidenceanddomicileshouldnotbeinterpretedinsuchamanner )". astocontradicttheprovisionsofchapter4(art.37)oftheAlgeriaFamily l*#/ Code. .+`$0   +"%1 &    2 Article16   2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sDemocraticRepublicofAlgeriadeclaresthat R '@theprovisionsofarticle16concerningequalrightsformenandwomeninall  F mattersrelatingtomarriage,bothduringmarriageandatitsdissolution,   shouldnotcontradicttheprovisionsoftheAlgerianFamilyCode.    2 Article29  N  2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sDemocraticRepublicofAlgeriadoesnot    consideritselfboundbyarticle29,paragraph1,whichstatesthatanydispute b  betweentwoormoreStatespartiesconcerningtheinterpretationorapplication $V  oftheConventionwhichisnotsettledbynegotiationshall,attherequestof   oneofthem,besubmittedtoarbitrationortotheInternationalCourtof   Justice. j   2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sDemocraticRepublicofAlgeriaholdsthatno   suchdisputecanbesubmittedtoarbitrationortotheInternationalCourtof   Justiceexceptwiththeconsentofallthepartiestothedispute. r  @**0ARGENTINA  I#[Original:Spanish] <n I#[15July1985]  Reservation Dv  2 TheGovernmentofArgentinadeclaresthatitdoesnotconsideritselfbound  byarticle29,paragraph1,oftheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof  DiscriminationagainstWomen. L~ @**0AUSTRALIA  " I#[Original:English] "H$ I#[28July1983] #& Declaration %P(  2 Australiahasafederalconstitutionalsysteminwhichlegislative, &* executiveandjudicialpowersaresharedordistributedbetweentheCommonwealth d' + andtheConstituentStates.TheimplementationoftheTreatythroughout &(X!, AustraliawillbeeffectedbytheCommonwealthStateandTerritoryAuthorities ("- havingregardtotheirrespectiveconstitutionalpowersandarrangements )". concerningtheirexercise. l*#/   .+`$0 &    Reservations   2 TheGovernmentofAustraliastatesthatmaternityleavewithpayis R  'eprovidedinrespectofmostwomenemployedbytheCommonwealthGovernmentand  F theGovernmentsofNewSouthWalesandVictoria.Unpaidmaternityleaveis   providedinrespectofallotherwomenemployedintheStateofNewSouthWales   andelsewheretowomenemployedunderFederalandsomeStateindustrialawards. Z  Socialsecuritybenefitssubjecttoincometestsareavailabletowomenwhoare  N soleparents.    2 TheGovernmentofAustraliaadvisesthatitisnotatpresentinaposition b  totakethemeasuresrequiredbyarticle11,paragraph2(b),tointroduce $V  maternityleavewithpayorwithcomparablesocialbenefitsthroughout   Australia.    2 TheGovernmentofAustraliaadvisesthatitdoesnotaccepttheapplication ,^  oftheConventioninsofarasitwouldrequirealterationofDefenceForcepolicy   whichexcludeswomenfromcombatandcombatrelatedduties.TheGovernmentof   Australiaisreviewingthispolicysoastomorecloselydefine"combat"and r  "combatrelatedduties". 4f @1AUSTRIA z I#[Original:English] 0 I#[31March1982]  Reservation 8  2 Austriareservesitsrighttoapplytheprovisionofarticle7(b)asfar  asserviceinthearmedforcesisconcerned,andtheprovisionofarticle11as L~ farasnightworkofwomenandspecialprotectionofworkingwomenisconcerned, @  withinthelimitsestablishedbynationallegislation. ! @1BAHAMAS "H$ I#[Original:English] #& I#[6October1993] %P( Reservation &*  2 TheGovernmentoftheCommonwealthoftheBahamasdoesnotconsideritself &(X!, boundbytheprovisionsofarticle2(a),article9,paragraph2,article16, ("- paragraph1(h)[and]article29,paragraph1,oftheConvention. )".   .+`$0 &     @/BANGLADESH  I#[Original:English] R I#[6November1984]   Reservation Z   2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofBangladeshdoesnotconsideras   'bindinguponitselftheprovisionsofarticles2,and16,paragraph1(c),as    theyconflictwithShariahlawbasedonHolyQur'anandSunna. b  @1BELGIUM   44J#[Original:French] ,^  44J#[3July1985]   Reservations 4f  2 Article7   2 Theapplicationofarticle7shallnotaffectthevalidityofthe <n provisionsoftheConstitutionaslaiddowninarticle60,whichreservesfor 0 mentheexerciseofroyalpowers,andinarticle58,whichreservesforthesons  oftheKingor,wheretherearenone,forBelgianprincesofthebranchofthe  royalfamilyinlinetothethrone,thefunctionofexofficiosenatorsasfrom Dv theageof18years,withentitlementtovoteasfromtheageof25years. 8  2 Article15,paragraphs2and3   2 Theapplicationofarticle15,paragraphs2and3,shallnotaffectthe @  validityoftheinterimprovisionsenactedforcouplesmarriedbeforetheentry ! intoforceoftheActof14July1976concerningthereciprocalrightsand  " dutiesofhusbandsandwivesandtheirmarriagecontracts,incaseswhere,in T!# accordancewiththeoptionavailabletothemundertheAct,theyhavedeclared "H$ theyaremaintainingintototheirpriormarriagecontracts. " % @1BRAZIL %P( I#[Original:English] &* I#[1February1984] &(X!, Reservation )".  2 Brazildoesnotconsideritselfboundbyarticle29,paragraph1,ofthe .+`$0 Convention. +"%1  t-&3 &  @2CHILE  I#[Original:Spanish] R I#[17July1980]   Declarations Z   2 TheGovernmentofChilehassignedtheConventionontheEliminationof'1 All   FormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen,mindfuloftheimportantstepwhichthis    documentrepresents,notonlyintermsoftheeliminationofallformsof b  discriminationagainstwomen,butalsointermsoftheirfullandpermanent $V  integrationintosocietyinconditionsofequality.    2 TheGovernmentisobligedtostate,however,thatsomeoftheprovisionsof j  theConventionarenotentirelycompatiblewithcurrentChileanlegislation. ,^   2 Atthesametime,itreportstheestablishmentofaCommissionforthe   StudyandReformoftheCivilCode,whichnowhasbeforeitvariousproposalsto r  amend,interalia,thoseprovisionswhicharenotfullyconsistentwiththe 4f termsoftheConvention. ( @2CHINA <n I#[Original:Chinese]  I#[4November1980] Dv Declaration   2 ThePeople'sRepublicofChinadoesnotconsideritselfboundby L~ paragraph1ofarticle29oftheConvention. @  @$$2CUBA T!# I#[Original:Spanish] " % I#[17July1980] \$' Reservation %)  2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicofCubamakesaspecificreservation d' + concerningtheprovisionsofarticle29oftheConventioninasmuchasitholds &(X!, thatanydisputesthatmayarisebetweenStatespartiesshouldberesolvedby ("- meansofdirectnegotiationsthroughthediplomaticchannel. )".   .+`$0 &     @1CYPRUS  I#[Original:English] R I#[23July1985]   Reservation Z   2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicofCypruswishestoenterareservation   'concerningthegrantingtowomenofequalrightswithmenwithrespecttothe    nationalityoftheirchildren,mentionedinarticle9,paragraph2,ofthe b  Convention.Thisreservationistobewithdrawnuponamendmentoftherelevant $V  Law.   @2EGYPT ,^  I#[Original:Arabic]   I#[18September1981] 4f Reservations   2 Article9 <n  2 Reservationtothetextofarticle9,paragraph2,concerningthegranting  towomenofequalrightswithmenwithrespecttothenationalityoftheir  children,withoutprejudicetotheacquisitionbyachildbornofamarriageof Dv thenationalityofhisfather.Thisisinordertopreventachild's 8 acquisitionoftwonationalities,sincethismaybeprejudicialtohisfuture.  Itisclearthatthechild'sacquisitionofhisfather'snationalityisthe  proceduremostsuitableforthechildandthatthisdoesnotinfringeuponthe L~ principleofequalitybetweenmenandwomen,sinceitiscustomaryforawoman @  toagree,uponmarryinganalien,thatherchildrenshallbeofthefather's ! nationality.  "  2 Article16 "H$  2 Reservationtothetextofarticle16concerningtheequalityofmenand #& womeninallmattersrelatingtomarriageandfamilyrelationsduringthe \$' marriageanduponitsdissolution,withoutprejudicetotheIslamicShariah %P( provisionswherebywomenareaccordedrightsequivalenttothoseoftheir %) spousessoastoensureajustbalancebetweenthem.Thisisoutofrespectfor &* thesacrosanctnatureofthefirmreligiousbeliefswhichgovernmarital d' + relationsinEgyptandwhichmaynotbecalledinquestionandinviewofthe &(X!, factthatoneofthemostimportantbasesoftheserelationsisanequivalency ("- ofrightsanddutiessoastoensurecomplementaritywhichguaranteestrue )". equalitybetweenthespouses,notaquasiequalitythatrendersthemarriagea l*#/ burdenonthewife.TheprovisionsoftheShariahlaydownthatthehusband .+`$0 shallpaybridalmoneytothewifeandmaintainherfullyandshallalsomakea +"%1 paymenttoherupondivorce,whereasthewiferetainsfullrightsoverher ,%2 propertyandisnotobligedtospendanythingonherkeep.TheShariah t-&3 thereforerestrictsthewife'srightstodivorcebymakingitcontingentona  judge'sruling,whereasnosuchrestrictionislaiddowninthecaseofthe  husband. R  2 Article29    2 TheEgyptiandelegationmaintainsthereservationcontainedinarticle29, Z  paragraph2,concerningtherightofaStatesignatorytotheConventionto  N declarethatitdoesnotconsideritselfboundbyparagraph1ofthatarticle   concerningthesubmissiontoanarbitralbodyofanydisputewhichmayarise    betweenStatesconcerningtheinterpretationorapplicationoftheConvention. b  Thisisinordertoavoidbeingboundbythesystemofarbitrationinthis $V  field.   Generalreservationtoarticle2 j   2 TheArabRepublicofEgyptiswillingtocomplywiththecontentofthis   article,providedthatsuchcompliancedoesnotruncountertotheIslamic   Shariah. r  @/ELSALVADOR  I#[Original:Spanish] <n I#[19August1981]  Reservation Dv  2 TheGovernmentofElSalvadormadeareservationwithregardtothe  applicationoftheprovisionsofarticle29,paragraph1,oftheConvention.  @\\0ETHIOPIA ! I#[Original:English] T!# I#[10September1981] " % Reservation \$'  2 SocialistEthiopiadoesnotconsideritselfboundbyparagraph1of %) article29oftheConvention. &*   &(X!, &   @1FRANCE  44J#[Original:French] R 44J#[14December1983]   Declarations Z   2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicdeclaresthatarticle9ofthe   Conventionmustnotbeinterpretedasprecludingtheapplicationofthesecond    paragraphofarticle96ofthecodeofFrenchnationality. b  0 2 [Allotherdeclarationsandreservationswereconfirmedinsubstanceupon   ratification.] 2#2#  2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicdeclaresthatthepreambletothe ,^  Convention-inparticulartheeleventhpreambularparagraph-contains' *   debatableelementswhicharedefinitelyoutofplaceinthistext.    2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicdeclaresthattheterm"family 4f education"inarticle5(b)oftheConventionmustbeinterpretedasmeaning ( publiceducationconcerningthefamilyandthat,inanyevent,article5willbe  appliedsubjecttorespectforarticle17oftheInternationalCovenantonCivil z andPoliticalRightsandarticle8oftheEuropeanConventionfortheProtection <n ofHumanRightsandFundamentalFreedoms. 0  2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicdeclaresthatnoprovisionofthe  ConventionmustbeinterpretedasprevailingoverprovisionsofFrench Dv legislationwhicharemorefavourabletowomenthantomen. 8 Reservations   2 Articles5(b)and16,paragraph1(d) @  1. 2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicdeclaresthatarticle5(b)and  " article16,paragraph1(d),mustnotbeinterpretedasimplyingjointexercise T!# ofparentalauthorityinsituationsinwhichFrenchlegislationallowsofsuch "H$ exercisebyonlyoneparent. " % 2. 2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicdeclaresthatarticle16, \$' paragraph1(d),oftheConventionmustnotprecludetheapplicationof %P( article383oftheCivilCode. %)  2 Article14 d' + 1. 2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicdeclaresthatarticle14, ("- paragraph2(c),shouldbeinterpretedasguaranteeingthatwomenwhofulfilthe )". conditionsrelatingtofamilyoremploymentrequiredbyFrenchlegislationfor l*#/ personalparticipationshallacquiretheirownrightswithintheframeworkof .+`$0 socialsecurity. +"%1   ,%2 2. 2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicdeclaresthatarticle14,   paragraph2(h),oftheConventionshouldnotbeinterpretedasimplyingthe  actualprovision,freeofcharge,oftheservicesmentionedinthatparagraph. R &   2 Article161(g)    2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicentersareservationconcerningthe Z  ' 7righttochooseafamilynamementionedinarticle16,paragraph1(g),ofthe  N Convention.    2 Article29 b   2 TheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicdeclares,inpursuanceofarticle29,   paragraph2,oftheConvention,thatitwillnotbeboundbytheprovisionsof   article29,paragraph1. j  @1GERMANY   I#[Original:English] 4f I#[10July1985]  Declaration <n  2 Therightofpeoplestoselfdetermination,asenshrinedintheCharterof  theUnitedNationsandintheInternationalCovenantsof19December1966,  appliestoallpeoplesandnotonlytothoselivingunderalienandcolonial Dv dominationandforeignoccupation.Allpeoplesthushavetheinalienableright 8 freelytodeterminetheirpoliticalstatusandfreelytopursuetheireconomic,  socialandculturaldevelopment.TheFederalRepublicofGermanywouldbe  unabletorecognizeaslegallyvalidaninterpretationoftherighttoself L~ determinationwhichcontradictstheunequivocalwordingoftheCharterofthe @  UnitedNationsandofthetwoInternationalCovenantsof19December1966on ! CivilandPoliticalRightsandonEconomic,SocialandCulturalRights.Itwill  " interprettheeleventhparagraphofthepreambleaccordingly. T!# Reservation " %  2 Article7(b)willnotbeappliedtotheextentthatitcontradictsthe \$' secondsentenceofarticle12a(4)oftheBasicLawoftheFederalRepublicof %P( Germany.PursuanttothisprovisionoftheConstitution,womenmayonno %) accountrenderserviceinvolvingtheuseofarms. &*   &(X!, &   @2INDIA  I#[Original:English] R I#[9July1993]   Declarations Z   2 Withregardtoarticles5(a)and16,paragraph1,oftheConventiononthe   EliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen,theGovernmentofthe'@    RepublicofIndiadeclaresthatitshallabidebyandensuretheseprovisionsin b  conformitywithitspolicyofnon-interferenceinthepersonalaffairsofany $V  communitywithoutitsinitiativeandconsent.    2 Withregardtoarticle16,paragraph2,oftheConventiononthe j  EliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen,theGovernmentofthe ,^  RepublicofIndiadeclaresthat,thoughinprincipleitfullysupportsthe   principleofcompulsoryregistrationofmarriages,itisnotpracticalinavast   countrylikeIndiawithitsvarietyofcustoms,religionsandlevelofliteracy. r  Reservation (  2 Withregardtoarticle29oftheConventionontheEliminationofAllForms z ofDiscriminationagainstWomen,theGovernmentoftheRepublicofIndia <n declaresthatitdoesnotconsideritselfboundbyparagraph1ofthisarticle. 0 @**0INDONESIA Dv I#[Original:English]  I#[13September1984] L~ Reservation !  2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicofIndonesiadoesnotconsideritselfbound T!# bytheprovisionofarticle29,paragraph1,ofthisConventionandtakesthe "H$ positionthatanydisputerelatingtotheinterpretationorapplicationofthe " % ConventionmayonlybesubmittedtoarbitrationortotheInternationalCourtof #& Justicewiththeagreementofallthepartiestothedispute. \$' @$$2IRAQ &* 44J#[Original:Arabic] &(X!, 44J#[13August1986] )". Reservations .+`$0 1. 2 ApprovalofandaccessiontothisConventionshallnotmeanthatthe ,%2 RepublicofIraqisboundbytheprovisionsofarticle2,subparagraphs(f)and t-&3 (g),ofarticle9,paragraphs1and2,orofarticle16oftheConvention.The  reservationstothislastmentionedarticleshallbewithoutprejudicetothe  provisionsoftheIslamicShariahaccordingwomenrightsequivalenttothe R rightsoftheirspousessoastoensureajustbalancebetweenthem.Iraqalso  F entersareservationtoarticle29,paragraph1,ofthisConventionwithregard   totheprincipleofinternationalarbitrationinconnectionwiththe   interpretationorapplicationofthisConvention. Z  2. 2 Thisapprovalinnowayimpliesrecognitionoforentryintoanyrelations   withIsrael.    &  @1IRELAND   I#[Original:English] j  I#[23December1985]   Reservations r   2 Article13,subparagraphs(b)and(c) (  2 Thequestionofsupplementingtheguaranteeofequalitycontainedinthe z ' MNIrishConstitutionwithspeciallegislationgoverningaccesstofinancialcredit <n andotherservicesandrecreationalactivities,wheretheseareprovidedby 0 privatepersons,organizationsorenterprises,isunderconsideration.Forthe  timebeingIrelandreservestherighttoregarditsexistinglawandmeasuresin  thisareaasappropriatefortheattainmentinIrelandoftheobjectivesofthe Dv Convention. 8  2 Article15   2 Withregardtoparagraph3ofthisarticle,Irelandreservestherightnot @  tosupplementtheexistingprovisionsinIrishlawwhichaccordwomenalegal ! capacityidenticaltothatofmenwithfurtherlegislationgoverningthe  " validityofanycontractorotherprivateinstrumentfreelyenteredintobya T!# woman. "H$  2 Article16,paragraph1(d)and(f) #&  2 IrelandisoftheviewthattheattainmentinIrelandoftheobjectivesof %P( theConventiondoesnotnecessitatetheextensiontomenofrightsidenticalto %) thoseaccordedbylawtowomeninrespectoftheguardianship,adoptionand &* custodyofchildrenbornoutofwedlockandreservestherighttoimplementthe d' + Conventionsubjecttothatunderstanding. &(X!,  2 Articles11,paragraph1,and13(a) )".  2 IrelandreservestherighttoregardtheAntiDiscrimination(Pay)Act, .+`$0 1974andtheEmploymentEqualityAct1977andothermeasurestakenin +"%1  implementationoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunitystandardsconcerning ,%2 employmentopportunitiesandpayassufficientimplementationofarticle11,  paragraph1(b),(c)and(d).    2 Irelandreservestherightforthetimebeingtomaintainprovisionsof  F Irishlegislationintheareaofsocialsecuritywhicharemorefavourableto   womenthanmen.   @1ISRAEL   I#[Original:English] b  I#[3October1991]   Reservations j   2 TheStateofIsraelherebyexpressesitsreservationwithregardto   article7(b)oftheConventionconcerningtheappointmentofwomentoserveas   judgesofreligiouscourtswherethisisprohibitedbythelawsofanyofthe r  religiouscommunitiesinIsrael.Otherwise,thesaidarticleisfully 4f implementedinIsrael,inviewofthefactthatwomentakeaprominentpartin ( allaspectsofpubliclife.   2 TheStateofIsraelherebyexpressesitsreservationwithregardto <n article16oftheConvention,insofarasthelawsofpersonalstatusbindingon 0 theseveralreligiouscommunitiesinIsraeldonotconformwiththeprovisions  ofthatarticle.  Declaration 8  2 Inaccordancewithparagraph2ofarticle29oftheConvention,theState  ofIsraelherebydeclaresthatitdoesnotconsideritselfboundbyparagraph1 L~ ofthatarticle. @  @2ITALY T!# I#[Original:English] " % I#[17July1980] \$' Reservation %)  2 Italyreservestherighttoexercise,whendepositingtheinstrumentof d' + ratification,theoptionprovidedforinarticle19oftheViennaConventionon &(X!, theLawofTreatiesof23May1969. ("-   l*#/ &   @1JAMAICA  I#[Original:English] R I#[19October1984]   Reservation Z  'I` 2 TheGovernmentofJamaicadeclaresthatitdoesnotconsideritselfbound   bytheprovisionsofarticle29,paragraph1,oftheConvention.    @1JORDAN   44J#[Original:Arabic] j  44J#[1July1992]   Reservations r   2 Jordandoesnotconsideritselfboundbythefollowingprovisions: (  2 (a)  Article9,paragraph2; z  2 (b)  Article15,paragraph4(awoman'sresidenceanddomicilearewithher 0 husband);   2 (c)  Article16,paragraph1(c),relatingtotherightsarisinguponthe Dv dissolutionofamarriageinconnectionwithmaintenanceandcompensation; 8  2 (d)  Article16,paragraph1(d)and(g).  @1KUWAIT ! 44J#[Original:Arabic] T!# 44J#[2September1994] " % Reservations \$'  2 Article7(a) %)  2 TheGovernmentofKuwaitentersareservationregardingarticle7(a), d' + inasmuchastheprovisioncontainedinthatparagraphconflictswiththeKuwaiti &(X!, ElectoralAct,underwhichtherighttobeeligibleforelectionandtovoteis ("- restrictedtomales. )".  2 Article9,paragraph2 .+`$0  2 TheGovernmentofKuwaitreservesitsrightnottoimplementtheprovision ,%2 containedinarticle9,paragraph2,oftheConvention,inasmuchasitruns t-&3 countertotheKuwaitiNationalityAct,whichstipulatesthatachild's  nationalityshallbedeterminedbythatofhisfather.   2 Article16,paragraph1(f)  F  2 TheGovernmentoftheStateofKuwaitdeclaresthatitdoesnotconsider   itselfboundbytheprovisioncontainedinarticle16,paragraph1(f),inasmuch Z  asitconflictswiththeprovisionsoftheIslamicShariah,Islambeingthe  N officialreligionoftheState.    2 Article29,paragraph1 b   2 TheGovernmentofKuwaitdeclaresthatitisnotboundbytheprovision   containedinarticle29,paragraph1.   @1LEBANON   44J#[Original:French] r  44J#[21April1997] ( Reservations z  2 TheGovernmentoftheLebaneseRepublicentersreservationsregarding 0 article9,paragraph2,andarticle16,paragraph1(c),(d),(f)and(g)  (regardingtherighttochooseafamilyname).   2 Inaccordancewithparagraph2ofarticle29,theGovernmentofthe 8 LebaneseRepublicdeclaresthatitdoesnotconsideritselfboundbythe  provisionsofparagraph1ofthatarticle.  & V @1LESOTHO ! I#[Original:English] T!# I#[22August1995] " % Reservations \$'  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomofLesothodeclaresthatitdoesnotconsider %) itselfboundbyarticle2totheextentthatitconflictswithLesotho's &* 'VnconstitutionalstipulationsrelativetosuccessiontothethroneoftheKingdom d' + ofLesothoandthelawrelatingtosuccessiontochieftainship.The &(X!, ratificationbytheGovernmentofLesothoissubjecttotheunderstandingthat ("- noneofitsobligationsundertheConvention,especiallyinarticle2(e),shall )". betreatedasextendingtotheaffairsofreligiousdenominations. l*#/  2 Furthermore,theGovernmentofLesothodeclaresthatitshallnottakeany +"%1 legislativemeasuresundertheConventionwherethosemeasureswouldbe ,%2 incompatiblewiththeConstitutionofLesotho. t-&3 Ї@)LIBYANARABJAMAHIRIYA  44J#[Original:Arabic] R 44J#[16May1989]   Reservation Z   2 Accessionissubjecttothegeneralreservationthatsuchaccessioncannot   conflictwiththelawsonpersonalstatusderivedfromtheIslamicShariah.    44J#[Original:Arabic] $V  44J#[5July1995]   Reservations ,^   2 [On5July1995,theGovernmentoftheLibyanArabJamahiriyanotifiedthe   SecretaryGeneralofitsdecisiontomodify,makingitmorespecific,the r  generalreservationithadmadeuponaccession,toreadasfollows:] 4f  2 TheSocialistPeople'sLibyanArabJamahiriyahasdeclareditsaccessionto  theConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen, z adoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNationson18December1979,with <n thefollowingreservation: 0 1. 2 Article2oftheConventionshallbeimplementedwithdueregardforthe  peremptorynormsoftheIslamicShariahrelatingtodeterminationofthe Dv inheritanceportionsoftheestateofadeceasedperson,whetherfemaleormale. 8 2. 2 Theimplementationofarticle16,paragraph1(c)and(d),ofthe  Conventionshallbewithoutprejudicetoanyoftherightsguaranteedtowomen L~ bytheIslamicShariah. @  @bb.LIECHTENSTEIN T!# I#[Original:English] " % I#[22December1995] \$' Reservation %)  2 Inthelightofthedefinitiongiveninarticle1oftheConvention,the d' + PrincipalityofLiechtensteinreservestherighttoapply,withrespecttoall &(X!, theobligationsoftheConvention,article3oftheLiechtensteinConstitution. ("-   l*#/ &   @/LUXEMBOURG  44J#[Original:French] R 44J#[2February1989]   Reservations Z   2 (a)  Theapplicationofarticle7shallnotaffectthevalidityofthe   articleofourConstitutionconcerningthehereditarytransmissionofthecrown'n|    oftheGrandDuchyofLuxembourg,inaccordancewiththefamilycompactofthe b  HouseofNassauof30June1783,maintainedbyarticle71oftheTreatyof $V  Viennaof9June1815andexpresslymaintainedbyarticle1oftheTreatyof   Londonof11May1867.    2 (b)  Theapplicationofparagraph1(g)ofarticle16oftheConvention ,^  shallnotaffecttherighttochoosethefamilynameofchildren.   @\\0MALAYSIA 4f I#[Original:English]  I#[5July1995] <n Reservations   2 TheGovernmentofMalaysiadeclaresthatMalaysia'saccessionissubjectto Dv theunderstandingthattheprovisionsoftheConventiondonotconflictwiththe 8 provisionsoftheIslamicShariahlawandtheFederalConstitutionofMalaysia.  Withregardthereto,further,theGovernmentofMalaysiadoesnotconsider  itselfboundbytheprovisionsofarticles2(f),5(a),7(b),9and16ofthe L~ aforesaidConvention. @   2 Inrelationtoarticle11,Malaysiainterpretstheprovisionsofthis  " articleasareferencetotheprohibitionofdiscriminationonthebasisof T!# equalitybetweenmenandwomenonly. "H$ @\\0MALDIVES \$' I#[Original:English] %) I#[23June1999] d' + Reservations ("-  2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicofMaldivesexpressesitsreservationsto l*#/ article7(a)oftheConvention,totheextentthattheprovisioncontainedin .+`$0 thesaidparagraphconflictswiththeprovisionofarticle34ofthe +"%1 ConstitutionoftheRepublicofMaldives. ,%2  t-&3  2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicofMaldivesreservesitsrighttoapply  article16oftheConventionconcerningtheequalityofmenandwomeninall  mattersrelatingtomarriageandfamilyrelationswithoutprejudicetothe R provisionsoftheIslamicShariah,whichgovernallmaritalandfamilyrelations  F ofthe100percentMuslimpopulationoftheMaldives.   @2MALTA  N I#[Original:English]    I#[8March1991] $V  Reservations    2 Article11 ,^   2 TheGovernmentofMaltainterpretsparagraph1ofarticle11,inthelight   oftheprovisionsofparagraph2ofarticle4,asnotprecludingprohibitions, r  restrictionsorconditionsontheemploymentofwomenincertainareas,orthe 4f workdonebythem,wherethisisconsiderednecessaryordesirabletoprotect ( thehealthandsafetyofwomenorthehumanfoetus,includingsuchprohibitions,  restrictionsorconditionsimposedinconsequenceofotherinternational z obligationsofMalta. <n  2 Article13   2 (i)0  TheGovernmentofMaltareservestheright,notwithstandinganything Dv intheConvention,tocontinuetoapplyitstaxlegislation,which 8 deems,incertaincircumstances,theincomeofamarriedwomantobe  theincomeofherhusbandandtaxableassuch.## ̀(ii)0  TheGovernmentofMaltareservestherighttocontinuetoapplyits @  socialsecuritylegislation,whichincertaincircumstancesmakes ! certainbenefitspayabletotheheadofthehousehold,whichis,by  " suchlegislation,presumedtobethehusband.T!###  2 Articles13,15and16 " %  2 WhiletheGovernmentofMaltaiscommittedtoremove,insofaraspossible, \$' allaspectsoffamilypropertylawwhichmaybeconsideredasdiscriminatoryto %P( females,itreservestherighttocontinuetoapplypresentlegislationinthat %) regarduntilsuchtimeasthelawisreformedandduringsuchtransitoryperiod &* untilthoselawsarecompletelysuperseded. d' +  2 Article16 ("-  2 TheGovernmentofMaltadoesnotconsideritselfboundbysubparagraph(e) l*#/ ofparagraph1ofarticle16,insofarasthesamemaybeinterpretedasimposing .+`$0 anobligationonMaltatolegalizeabortion. +"%1  t-&3 @**0MAURITIUS  I#[Original:English] R I#[9July1984]   Reservations Z   2 TheGovernmentofMauritiusdoesnotconsideritselfboundby   subparagraphs(b)and(d)ofparagraph1ofarticle11andsubparagraph(g)of    paragraph1ofarticle16. b   2 TheGovernmentofMauritiusdoesnotconsideritselfboundbyparagraph1   ofarticle29oftheConvention,inpursuanceofparagraph2ofarticle29.   @1MEXICO   I#[Original:Spanish] r  I#[17July1980] ( Declaration z  2 InsigningadreferendumtheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof 0 DiscriminationagainstWomen,whichtheGeneralAssemblyopenedforsignatureby  Stateson18December1979,theGovernmentoftheUnitedMexicanStateswishes  toplaceonrecordthatitisdoingsoontheunderstandingthattheprovisions Dv ofthesaidConvention,whichagreeinallessentialswiththeprovisionsof 8 Mexicanlegislation,willbeappliedinMexicoinaccordancewiththemodalities  andproceduresprescribedbyMexicanlegislationandthatthegrantingof  materialbenefitsinpursuanceoftheConventionwillbeasgenerousasthe L~ resourcesavailabletotheMexicanStatepermit. @  &  @1MOROCCO T!# 44J#[Original:French] " % 44J#[21June1993] \$' Declarations %)  2 Article2 d' + 'T!9 2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomofMoroccoexpressesitsreadinesstoapply ("- theprovisionsofthisarticleprovidedthat: )".  2 -0  Theyarewithoutprejudicetotheconstitutionalrequirementsthat .+`$0 regulatetherulesofsuccessiontothethroneoftheKingdomof +"%1 Morocco;,%2##  t-&3  2 -0  TheydonotconflictwiththeprovisionsoftheIslamicShariah.It  shouldbenotedthatcertainoftheprovisionscontainedinthe  MoroccanCodeofPersonalStatusaccordingwomenrightsthatdiffer R fromtherightsconferredonmenmaynotbeinfringeduponor  F abrogatedbecausetheyderiveprimarilyfromtheIslamicShariah,   whichstrives,amongitsotherobjectives,tostrikeabalancebetween   thespousesinordertopreservethecoherenceoffamilylife.Z ##  2 Article15,paragraph4    2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomofMoroccodeclaresthatitcanonlybebound b  bytheprovisionsofthisparagraph,inparticularthoserelatingtotherights $V  ofwomentochoosetheirresidenceanddomicile,totheextentthattheyarenot   incompatiblewitharticles34and36oftheMoroccanCodeofPersonalStatus.   Reservations ,^   2 Article9,paragraph2    2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomofMoroccomakesareservationwithregardto 4f thisarticleinviewofthefactthattheLawofMoroccanNationalitypermitsa ( childtobearthenationalityofitsmotheronlyinthecaseswhereitisborn  toanunknownfather,regardlessofplaceofbirth,ortoastatelessfather, z whenborninMorocco,anditdoessoinordertoguaranteetoeachchildits <n righttoanationality.Further,achildborninMoroccoofaMoroccanmother 0 andaforeignfathermayacquirethenationalityofitsmotherbydeclaring,  withintwoyearsofreachingtheageofmajority,itsdesiretoacquirethat  nationality,providedthat,onmakingsuchdeclaration,itscustomaryand Dv regularresidenceisinMorocco. 8  2 Article16   2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomofMoroccomakesareservationwithregardto @  theprovisionsofthisarticle,particularlythoserelatingtotheequalityof ! menandwomeninrespectofrightsandresponsibilitiesonentryintoandat  " dissolutionofmarriage.Equalityofthiskindisconsideredincompatiblewith T!# theIslamicShariah,whichguaranteestoeachofthespousestherightsand "H$ responsibilitieswithinaframeworkofequilibriumandcomplementarityinorder " % topreservethesacredbondofmatrimony. #&  2 TheprovisionsoftheIslamicShariahobligethehusbandtoprovidea %P( nuptialgiftuponmarriageandtosupporthisfamily,whilethewifeisnot %) requiredbylawtosupportthefamily. &*  2 Furthermore,atdissolutionofmarriage,thehusbandisobligedtopay &(X!, maintenance.Incontrast,thewifeenjoyscompletefreedomofdispositionof ("- herpropertyduringthemarriageanduponitsdissolutionwithoutsupervisionby )". thehusband,thehusbandhavingnojurisdictionoverhiswife'sproperty. l*#/  2 Forthesereasons,theIslamicShariahconferstherightofdivorceona +"%1 womanonlybydecisionofaShariahjudge. ,%2  t-&3  2 Article29   2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomofMoroccodoesnotconsideritselfboundby R thefirstparagraphofthisarticle,whichprovidesthat"anydisputebetween  F twoormoreStatespartiesconcerningtheinterpretationorapplicationofthe   presentConventionwhichisnotsettledbynegotiationshall,attherequestof   oneofthem,besubmittedtoarbitration". Z   2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomofMoroccoisoftheviewthatanydisputeof   thiskindcanonlybereferredtoarbitrationbyagreementofallthepartiesto    thedispute. b  @1MYANMAR   I#[Original:English] ,^  I#[22July1997]   Reservation 4f  2 Article29   2 [TheGovernmentofMyanmar]doesnotconsideritselfboundbytheprovision <n setforthinthesaidarticle. 0 @/NETHERLANDS Dv I#[Original:English]  I#[23July1991] L~ Declaration !  2 DuringthepreparatorystagesofthepresentConventionandinthecourse T!# ofdebatesonitintheGeneralAssemblythepositionoftheGovernmentofthe "H$ KingdomoftheNetherlandswasthatitwasnotdesirabletointroducepolitical " % considerationssuchasthosecontainedinparagraphs10and11ofthepreamble #& inalegalinstrumentofthisnature.Moreover,theconsiderationsarenot \$' directlyrelatedtotheachievementoftotalequalitybetweenmenandwomen. %P( TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsidersthatitmustrecall %) itsobjectionstothesaidparagraphsinthepreambleatthisoccasion. &*   &(X!, &     @/NEWZEALAND  I#[Original:English] R I#[10January1985]   Reservations Z   2 TheGovernmentofNewZealand,theGovernmentoftheCookIslandsandthe   '/GovernmentofNiuereservetherightnottoapplytheprovisionsof    article11,paragraph2(b). b   2 TheGovernmentofNewZealand,theGovernmentoftheCookIslandsandthe   GovernmentofNiuereservetherightnottoapplytheprovisionsofthe   Conventioninsofarastheyareinconsistentwithpoliciesrelatingto j  recruitmentintoorservicein: ,^   2 (a)  Thearmedforceswhichreflecteitherdirectlyorindirectlythefact   thatmembersofsuchforcesarerequiredtoserveonarmedforcesaircraftor r  vesselsandinsituationsinvolvingarmedcombat;or 4f  2 (b)  Thelawenforcementforceswhichreflecteitherdirectlyorindirectly  thefactthatmembersofsuchforcesarerequiredtoserveinsituations z involvingviolenceorthreatofviolence. <n  2 TheGovernmentoftheCookIslandsreservestherightnottoapply  article2(f)andarticle5(a)totheextentthatthecustomsgoverningthe  inheritanceofcertainCookIslandschieftitlesmaybeinconsistentwiththose Dv provisions. 8 &  @2NIGER L~ 44J#[Original:French] ! 'L44J#[8October1999] T!# Reservations " %  2 Article2,paragraphs(d)and(f) \$'  2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicoftheNigerexpressesreservationswith %) regardtoarticle2,paragraphs(d)and(f),concerningthetakingofall &* appropriatemeasurestoabolishallcustomsandpracticeswhichconstitute d' + discriminationagainstwomen,particularlyinrespectofsuccession. &(X!,  2 Article5,paragraph(a) )".  2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicoftheNigerexpressesreservationswith .+`$0 regardtothemodificationofsocialandculturalpatternsofconductofmenand +"%1 women. ,%2  t-&3  2 Article15,paragraph4   2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicoftheNigerdeclaresthatitcanbebound R bytheprovisionsoftheparagraph,particularlythoseconcerningtherightof  F womentochoosetheirresidenceanddomicile,onlytotheextentthatthese   provisionsreferonlytounmarriedwomen.    2 Article16,paragraph1(c),(e)and(g)  N  2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicoftheNigerexpressesreservations    concerningtheabovereferencedprovisionsofarticle16,particularlythose b  concerningthesamerightsandresponsibilitiesduringmarriageandits $V  dissolution,thesamerightstodecidefreelyandresponsiblyonthenumberand   spacingoftheirchildren,andtherighttochooseafamilyname.    2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicoftheNigerdeclaresthattheprovisions ,^  ofarticle2,paragraphs(d)and(f),article5,paragraphs(a)and(b),   article15,paragraph4,andarticle16,paragraph1(c),(e)and(g),   concerningfamilyrelations,cannotbeappliedimmediately,astheyarecontrary r  toexistingcustomsandpracticeswhich,bytheirnature,canbemodifiedonly 4f withthepassageoftimeandtheevolutionofsocietyandcannot,therefore,be ( abolishedbyanactofauthority.   2 Article29 <n  2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicoftheNiger,expressesareservation  concerningarticle29,paragraph1,whichprovidesthatanydisputebetweentwo  ormoreStatesconcerningtheinterpretationorapplicationofthepresent Dv Conventionwhichisnotsettledbynegotiationshall,attherequestofoneof 8 them,besubmittedtoarbitration.   2 IntheviewoftheGovernmentoftheNiger,adisputeofthisnaturecanbe L~ submittedtoarbitrationonlywiththeconsentofallpartiestothedispute. @  Declaration  "  2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicoftheNigerdeclaresthattheterm"family "H$ education"whichappearsinarticle5,paragraph(b),oftheConventionshould " % beinterpretedasreferringtopubliceducationconcerningthefamily,andthat #& inanyevent,article5wouldbeappliedincompliancewitharticle17ofthe \$' InternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights. %P(   &* &   @\\0PAKISTAN  I#[Original:English] R I#[12March1996]   Declaration Z   2 Theaccessionby[the]GovernmentoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistanto   the[saidConvention]issubjecttotheprovisionsoftheConstitutionofthe'=    IslamicRepublicofPakistan. b  Reservation    2 TheGovernmentoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistandeclaresthatitdoes j  notconsideritselfboundbyparagraph1ofarticle29oftheConvention. ,^  @,REPUBLICOFKOREA r  I#[Original:English] ( I#[27December1984] z Reservations 0  2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicofKoreadoesnotconsideritselfboundby  theprovisionsofarticle9oftheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof Dv DiscriminationagainstWomenof1979. 8  2 Bearinginmindthefundamentalprinciplesasembodiedinthesaid  Convention,theGovernmentoftheRepublicofKoreahasrecentlyestablishedthe L~ KoreaWomen'swelfareandsocialactivities.Acommitteeunderthechairmanship @  ofthePrimeMinisterwillshortlybesetuptoconsiderandcoordinateoverall ! policiesonwomen.  "  2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicofKoreawillmakecontinuedeffortstotake "H$ furthermeasuresinlinewiththeprovisionsstipulatedintheConvention. " %  2 TheGovernmentoftheRepublicofKorea,havingexaminedthesaid \$' Convention,herebyratifiestheConventionconsideringitselfnotboundbythe %P( provisionsofarticle9andsubparagraph[...](g)ofparagraph1ofarticle16 %) oftheConvention. &*   &(X!, &     @**0SINGAPORE  I#[Original:English] R I#[5October1995]   Reservations Z   2 InthecontextofSingapore'smultiracialandmultireligioussocietyand   'theneedtorespectthefreedomofminoritiestopractisetheirreligiousand    personallaws,theRepublicofSingaporereservestherightnottoapplythe b  provisionsofarticles2and16wherecompliancewiththeseprovisionswouldbe $V  contrarytotheirreligiousorpersonallaws.    2 Singaporeisgeographicallyoneofthesmallestindependentcountriesin j  theworldandoneofthemostdenselypopulated.TheRepublicofSingapore ,^  accordinglyreservestherighttoapplysuchlawsandconditionsgoverningthe   entryinto,stayin,employmentofanddeparturefromitsterritoryofthosewho   donothavetherightunderthelawsofSingaporetoenterandremain r  indefinitelyinSingapore,andtotheconferment,acquisitionsandlossof 4f citizenshipofwomenwhohaveacquiredsuchcitizenshipbymarriageandof ( childrenbornoutsideSingapore.   2 Singaporeinterpretsarticle11,paragraph1,inthelightofthe <n provisionsofarticle4,paragraph2,asnotprecludingprohibitions, 0 restrictionsorconditionsontheemploymentofwomenincertainareas,oron  workdonebythemwherethisisconsiderednecessaryordesirabletoprotectthe  healthandsafetyofwomenorthehumanfoetus,includingsuchprohibitions, Dv restrictionsorconditionsimposedinconsequenceofotherinternational 8 obligationsofSingapore,andconsidersthatlegislationinrespectof  article11isunnecessaryfortheminorityofwomenwhodonotfallwithinthe  ambitofSingapore'semploymentlegislation. L~  2 TheRepublicofSingaporedeclares,inpursuanceofarticle29, ! paragraph2,oftheConvention,thatitwillnotbeboundbytheprovisionsof  " article29,paragraph1. T!# & V @2SPAIN #& I#[Original:Spanish] %P( I#[5January1984] &* Declaration &(X!,  2 TheratificationoftheConventionbySpainshallnotaffectthe )". constitutionalprovisionsconcerningsuccessiontotheSpanishcrown. l*#/ 'V#  +"%1 &     @/SWITZERLAND  44J#[Original:French] R 44J#[27March1997]   Reservations Z   2 Article7(b)    2 SaidprovisionsshallbewithoutprejudicetoSwissmilitarylegislation b  ' prohibitingwomenfromperformingfunctionsinvolvingarmedconflict,exceptin $V  selfdefence.    2 Article16,paragraph1(g) j   2 Saidprovisionshallbeappliedsubjecttotheregulationsonfamilyname   (CivilCode,article160andarticle8(a),finalsection).    2 Article15,paragraph2,andarticle16,paragraph1(h) 4f  2 Saidprovisionsshallbeappliedsubjecttoseveralinterimprovisionsof  thematrimonialregime(CivilCode,articles9(e)and10,finalsection). z @\\0THAILAND  I#[Original:English] Dv I#[9August1985]  Declaration L~  2 TheRoyalThaiGovernmentwishestoexpressitsunderstandingthatthe ! purposesoftheConventionaretoeliminatediscriminationagainstwomenandto  " accordtoeveryperson,menandwomenalike,equalitybeforethelaw,andarein T!# accordancewiththeprinciplesprescribedbytheConstitutionoftheKingdomof "H$ Thailand. " % &  Reservation \$'  2 TheRoyalThaiGovernmentdoesnotconsideritselfboundbytheprovisions %) of[...]article16andarticle29,paragraph1,oftheConvention. &* '\$  &(X!, &     @66+TRINIDADANDTOBAGO  I#[Original:English] R I#[12January1990]   Reservation Z   2 TheRepublicofTrinidadandTobagodeclaresthatitdoesnotconsider   'itselfboundbyarticle29(1)ofthesaidConvention,relatingtothe    settlementofdisputes. b  @1TUNISIA   44J#[Original:Arabic] ,^  44J#[20September1985]   Generaldeclaration 4f  2 TheTunisianGovernmentdeclaresthatitshallnottakeanyorganizational  orlegislativedecisioninconformitywiththerequirementsofthisConvention z wheresuchadecisionwouldconflictwiththeprovisionsofchapterIofthe <n TunisianConstitution. 0 Declarationconcerningarticle15,paragraph4   2 InaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheViennaConventionontheLawof 8 Treaties,dated23May1969,theTunisianGovernmentemphasizesthatthe  requirementsofarticle15,paragraph4,oftheConventionontheEliminationof  AllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen,andparticularlythatpartrelating L~ totherightofwomentochoosetheirresidenceanddomicile,mustnotbe @  interpretedinamannerwhichconflictswiththeprovisionsofthePersonal ! StatusCodeonthissubject,assetforthinchapters23and61oftheCode.  " Reservations "H$  2 Article9,paragraph2 #&  2 TheTunisianGovernmentexpressesitsreservationwithregardtothe %P( provisionsinarticle9,paragraph2,oftheConvention,whichmustnotconflict %) withtheprovisionsofchapterVIoftheTunisianNationalityCode. &* &   2 Article16,paragraph1(c),(d),(f),(g)and(h) &(X!,  2 TheTunisianGovernmentconsidersitselfnotboundbyarticle16, )". '&(paragraph1(c),(d)and(f),oftheConventionanddeclaresthat l*#/ paragraph1(g)and(h)ofthatarticlemustnotconflictwiththeprovisionsof .+`$0 thePersonalStatusCodeconcerningthegrantingoffamilynamestochildrenand +"%1 theacquisitionofpropertythroughinheritance. ,%2  t-&3  2 Article29,paragraph1   2 TheTunisianGovernmentdeclares,inconformitywiththerequirementsof R article29,paragraph2,oftheConvention,thatitshallnotbeboundbythe  F provisionsofparagraph1ofthatarticle,whichspecifythatanydispute   betweentwoormoreStatespartiesconcerningtheinterpretationorapplication   ofthepresentConventionwhichisnotsettledbynegotiationshallbereferred Z  totheInternationalCourtofJusticeattherequestofanyoneofthose  N parties.    2 TheTunisianGovernmentconsidersthatsuchdisputesshouldbesubmitted b  forarbitrationorconsiderationbytheInternationalCourtofJusticeonlywith $V  theconsentofallpartiestothedispute.   @1TURKEY ,^  I#[Original:English]   I#[20December1985] 4f Declaration   2 Article9,paragraph1,oftheConventionisnotinconflictwiththe <n provisionsofarticle5,paragraph1,andarticles15and17oftheTurkishLaw 0 onNationality,relatingtotheacquisitionofcitizenship,sincetheintentof  thoseprovisionsregulatingacquisitionofcitizenshipthroughmarriageisto  preventstatelessness. Dv Reservation   2 [...]Thereservationanddeclarationmadeuponsignatureandconfirmed L~ ratificationbytheGovernmentofTurkeywithrespecttoarticle29, @  paragraph1,andarticle9,paragraph1,oftheConventionontheEliminationof ! AllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen,respectively,continuetoapply.  " &  @ UNITEDKINGDOMOFGREATBRITAINANDNORTHERNIRELAND " % I#[Original:English] \$' I#[7April1986] %) Declarationsandreservations d' + ̀A.OnbehalfoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritain )". ЀandNorthernIreland l*#/  2 (a)  TheUnitedKingdomunderstandsthemainpurposeoftheConvention,in +"%1 ' "thelightofthedefinitioncontainedinarticle1,tobethereduction,in ,%2 accordancewithitsterms,ofdiscriminationagainstwomen,anddoesnot t-&3 thereforeregardtheConventionasimposinganyrequirementtorepealormodify  anyexistinglaws,regulations,customsorpracticeswhichprovideforwomento  betreatedmorefavourablythanmen,whethertemporarilyorinthelongerterm; R theUnitedKingdom'sundertakingsunderarticle4,paragraph1,andother  F provisionsoftheConventionaretobeconstruedaccordingly.    2 ... Z   2 (c)  Inthelightofthedefinitioncontainedinarticle1,theUnited   Kingdom'sratificationissubjecttotheunderstandingthatnoneofits    obligationsundertheConventionshallbetreatedasextendingtothesuccession b  to,orpossessionandenjoymentof,theThrone,thepeerage,titlesofhonour, $V  socialprecedenceorarmorialbearings,orasextendingtotheaffairsof   religiousdenominationsorordersortotheadmissionintoorserviceinthe   ArmedForcesoftheCrown. j   2 (d)  TheUnitedKingdomreservestherighttocontinuetoapplysuch   immigrationlegislationgoverningentryinto,stayinanddeparturefromthe   UnitedKingdomasitmaydeemnecessaryfromtimetotimeand,accordingly,its r  acceptanceofarticle15(4)andoftheotherprovisionsoftheConventionis 4f subjecttotheprovisionsofanysuchlegislationasregardspersonsnotatthe ( timehavingtherightunderthelawoftheUnitedKingdomtoenterandremainin  theUnitedKingdom. z  2 Article9 0  2 TheBritishNationalityAct1981,whichwasbroughtintoforcewitheffect  fromJanuary1983,isbasedonprincipleswhichdonotallowofany Dv discriminationagainstwomenwithinthemeaningofarticle1asregards 8 acquisition,changeorretentionoftheirnationalityorasregardsthe  nationalityoftheirchildren.TheUnitedKingdom'sacceptanceofarticle9  shallnot,however,betakentoinvalidatethecontinuationofcertaintemporary L~ ortransitionalprovisionswhichwillcontinueinforcebeyondthatdate. @  &   2 Article11  "  2 TheUnitedKingdomreservestherighttoapplyallUnitedKingdom "H$ ' legislationandtherulesofpensionschemesaffectingretirementpensions, " % survivors'benefitsandotherbenefitsinrelationtodeathorretirement #& (includingretirementongroundsofredundancy),whetherornotderivedfroma \$' socialsecurityscheme. %P(  2 Thisreservationwillapplyequallytoanyfuturelegislationwhichmay &* modifyorreplacesuchlegislation,ortherulesofpensionschemes,onthe d' + understandingthatthetermsofsuchlegislationwillbecompatiblewiththe &(X!, UnitedKingdom'sobligationsundertheConvention. ("-  2 TheUnitedKingdomreservestherighttoapplythefollowingprovisionsof l*#/ UnitedKingdomlegislationconcerningthebenefitsspecified: .+`$0  2 ... ,%2  t-&3  2 (b)  Increasesofbenefitforadultdependantsundersections44to47,49  and66oftheSocialSecurityAct1975andundersections44to47,49and66of  theSocialSecurity(NorthernIreland)Act1975; R  2 ...    2 TheUnitedKingdomreservestherighttoapplyanynon-discriminatory Z  requirementforaqualifyingperiodofemploymentorinsuranceforthe  N applicationoftheprovisionscontainedinarticle11,paragraph2.    2 Article15 b   2 Inrelationtoarticle15,paragraph3,theUnitedKingdomunderstandsthe   intentionofthisprovisiontobethatonlythosetermsorelementsofa   contractorotherprivateinstrumentwhicharediscriminatoryinthesense j  describedaretobedeemednullandvoid,butnotnecessarilythecontractor ,^  instrumentasawhole.    2 Article16 r   2 Asregardsparagraph1(f)ofarticle16,theUnitedKingdomdoesnot ( regardthereferencetotheparamountoftheinterestsofthechildrenasbeing  directlyrelevanttotheeliminationofdiscriminationagainstwomen,and z declaresinthisconnectionthatthelegislationoftheUnitedKingdom <n regulatingadoption,whilegivingaprincipalpositiontothepromotionofthe 0 children'swelfare,doesnotgivetothechild'sintereststhesameparamount  placeasinissuesconcerningcustodyoverchildren.  &  ԀB.OnbehalfoftheBritishVirginIslands,theFalkland  ЀIslands(Malvinas),theIsleofMan,SouthGeorgia  ЀandtheSouthSandwichIslands,andtheTurksand L~ ЀCaicosIslands @   2 [SamedeclarationsandreservationsasthosemadeinrespectoftheUnited  " KingdomundersectionA,paragraphs(a),(c)and(d),exceptthatinthecaseof T!# (d)theyapplytotheterritoriesandtheirlaws.] "H$  2 Article1 #&  2 [SamereservationastheonemadeinrespectoftheUnitedKingdomexcept %P( withregardtotheabsenceofareferencetoUnitedKingdomlegislation.] %) ' ( 2 Article2 d' +  2 [SamereservationastheonemadeinrespectoftheUnitedKingdomexcept ("- thatreferenceismadetothelawsoftheterritories,andnottothelawsof )". theUnitedKingdom.] l*#/  2 Article9 +"%1  2 [SamereservationastheonemadeinrespectoftheUnitedKingdom.] t-&3 Ї 2 Article11   2 [SamereservationsasthosemadeinrespectoftheUnitedKingdomexcept R thatreferenceismadetothelawsoftheterritories,andnottothelawsof  F theUnitedKingdom.]    2 Also,asfarastheterritoriesareconcerned,thespecificbenefitslisted Z  andwhichmaybeappliedundertheprovisionsoftheseterritories'legislation  N areasfollows:    2 (a)  Socialsecuritybenefitsforpersonsengagedincaringforaseverely b  disabledperson; $V   2 (b)  Increasesofbenefitforadultdependants;    2 (c)  Retirementpensionsandsurvivors'benefits; ,^   2 (d)  Familyincomesupplements.    2 Thisreservationwillapplyequallytoanyfuturelegislationwhichmay 4f modifyorreplaceanyoftheprovisionsspecifiedinsubparagraphs(a)to(d) ( above,ontheunderstandingthatthetermsofsuchlegislationwillbe  compatiblewiththeUnitedKingdom'sobligationsundertheConvention. z  2 TheUnitedKingdomreservestherighttoapplyanynon-discriminatory 0 requirementforaqualifyingperiodofemploymentorinsuranceforthe  applicationoftheprovisionscontainedinarticle11,paragraph2.   2 Articles13,15and16 8  2 [SamereservationsasthosemadeinrespectoftheUnitedKingdom.]  & V @**0VENEZUELA ! I#[Original:Spanish] T!# I#[2May1983] " % Reservation \$'  2 Venezuelamakesaformalreservationwithregardtoarticle29, %) paragraph1,oftheConvention,sinceitdoesnotacceptarbitrationorthe &* jurisdiction'VcԀoftheInternationalCourtofJusticeforthesettlementof d' + disputesconcerningtheinterpretationorapplicationofthisConvention. &(X!,   )". &     @\\0VIETNAM  44J#[Original:French] R 44J#[17February1982]   Reservation Z   2 InimplementingthisConvention,theSocialistRepublicofVietNamwill   'notbeboundbytheprovisionsofparagraph1ofarticle29.    @1YEMEN*ionshallbeo 3  *     ׈   44J#[Original:Arabic] j  44J#[30May1984]    2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sDemocraticRepublicofYemendeclaresthat r  itdoesnotconsideritselfboundbyarticle29,paragraph1,ofthesaid 4f Convention,relatingtothesettlementofdisputeswhichmayariseconcerning ( theapplicationorinterpretationoftheConvention.  &  @. . C.Objectionstocertaindeclarationsandreservations 0 @ffObjectionbyArgentinatotheapplicationoftheConvention  @fftotheFalklandIslands(Malvinas)andSouthGeorgiaand󀀀 Dv @fftheSouthSandwichIslandsbytheUnitedKingdom,notified 8 @,uponratification  I#[Original:Spanish] L~ I#[4April1989] !  2 TheRepublicofArgentinarejectstheextensionoftheterritorial T!# applicationoftheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscrimination "H$ ' VP$againstWomen,adoptedbytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyon " % 18December1979,totheMalvinas(Falkland)Islands,SouthGeorgiaandthe #& SouthSandwichIslands,notifiedbytheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomof \$' GreatBritainandNorthernIrelanduponitsratificationofthatinstrumenton %P( 7April1986. %)  2 TheRepublicofArgentinareaffirmsitssovereigntyovertheaforementioned d' + archipelagos,whichareanintegralpartofitsnationalterritory,andrecalls &(X!, thattheGeneralAssemblyadoptedresolutions2065(XX),3160(XXVIII),31/49, ("- 37/9,38/12and39/6,inwhichasovereigntydisputeisrecognizedandthe )". GovernmentsofArgentinaandtheUnitedKingdomareurgedtoresumenegotiations l*#/ inordertofindassoonaspossibleapeacefulandlastingsolutiontothe .+`$0 disputeandtheirremainingdifferencesrelatingtothisquestion,throughthe  goodofficesoftheSecretaryGeneral.TheGeneralAssemblyalsoadopted  resolutions40/21,41/40,42/19and43/25,whichreiterateitsrequesttothe R partiestoresumesuchnegotiations.  F @( ( CommunicationoftheUnitedKingdomconcerningthe Z  @)objectionofArgentina  N I#[Original:English]    I#[27November1989] $V   2 TheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland   rejectsthestatementmadebytheGovernmentofArgentinaon4April1989 j  regardingtheFalklandIslandsandSouthGeorgiaandtheSouthSandwichIslands. ,^  TheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandhas   nodoubtastoBritishsovereigntyovertheFalklandIslandsandSouthGeorgia   andtheSouthSandwichIslands,anditsconsequentrighttoextendtreatiesto r  thoseTerritories. 4f &  @ ObjectionbyAustriatothereservationsmadeby z @nn)Maldivesuponaccession <n I#[Original:English]  I#[26October1994] Dv 'z{0 2 ThereservationmadebytheMaldivesisincompatiblewiththeobjectand  purposeoftheConventionandisthereforeinadmissibleunderarticle19(c)of  theViennaConventionontheLawofTreatiesandshallnotbepermitted,in L~ accordancewitharticle28(2)oftheConventionontheEliminationofAllForms @  ofDiscriminationagainstWomen.Austriathereforestatesthatthisreservation ! cannotalterormodifyinanyrespecttheobligationsarisingfromthe  " ConventionforanyStatePartythereto. T!# @ ObjectionbyAustriatothereservationsmadeby #& @nn)Pakistanuponaccession \$' I#[Original:English] %) I#[5June1997] d' +  2 AustriaisoftheviewthatareservationbywhichaStatelimitsits ("- responsibilitiesundertheConventioninageneralandunspecifiedmannerby )". invokinginternallawcreatesdoubtsastothecommitmentoftheIslamic l*#/ RepublicofPakistanwithitsobligationsundertheConvention,essentialfor .+`$0 thefulfilmentofitsobjectandpurpose. +"%1   ,%2  2 ItisinthecommoninterestsofStatesthattreatiestowhichtheyhave   chosentobecomepartiesarerespected,astotheirobjectandpurpose,byall  partiesandthatStatesarepreparedtoundertakeanylegislativechanges R necessarytocomplywiththeirobligationsunderthetreaties.  F  2 Austriaisfurtheroftheviewthatageneralreservationofthekindmade   bytheGovernmentoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistan,whichdoesnotclearly Z  specifytheprovisionsoftheConventiontowhichitappliesandtheextentof  N thederogationtherefrom,contributestounderminingthebasisofinternational   treatylaw.     2 Giventhegeneralcharacterofthisreservation,afinalassessmentasto $V  itsadmissibilityunderinternationallawcannotbemadewithoutfurther   clarification.    2 Accordingtointernationallawareservationisinadmissibletotheextent ,^  asitsapplicationnegativelyaffectsthecompliancebyaStatewithits   obligationsundertheConventionessentialforthefulfilmentofitsobjectand   purpose. r   2 Therefore,AustriacannotconsiderthereservationmadebytheGovernment ( oftheIslamicRepublicofPakistanasadmissibleunlesstheGovernmentofthe  IslamicRepublicofPakistan,byprovidingadditionalinformationorthrough z subsequentpractice,ensurethatthereservationiscompatiblewiththe <n provisionsessentialfortheimplementationoftheobjectandpurposeofthe 0 Convention.   2 ThisviewbyAustriawouldnotprecludetheentryintoforceinits Dv entiretyoftheConventionbetweenPakistanandAustria. 8 @ ObjectionbyAustriatothereservationmadeby L~ @)Lebanonuponaccession @  I#[Original:English]  " I#[20February1998] "H$  2 WithregardtoreservationsmadebyLebanonuponaccession: #&  2 [Sameobjection,mutatismutandis,astheonemadeforPakistan.] %P( @ObjectionbyCanadatothereservationsmadebyMaldives d' + @00-uponaccession &(X!, I#[Original:English] )". I#[25October1994] .+`$0  2 IntheviewoftheGovernmentofCanada,thisreservationisincompatible ,%2 withtheobjectandpurposeoftheConvention(art.28,para.2).The t-&3 GovernmentofCanadathereforeentersitsformalobjectiontothisreservation.  ThisobjectionshallnotprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConventionbetween  CanadaandtheRepublicofMaldives. R @. . ObjectionbyDenmarktothereservationmadebyKuwait   @. . andLesothouponratificationandbyMalaysia,Maldives Z  @tt&andSingaporeuponaccession  N I#[Original:English]    I#[12February1997] $V   2 [TheSecretaryGeneralreceivedfromtheGovernmentofDenmarkthe   followingcommunicationwithregardtoreservationsmadebyKuwaitupon j  ratification.] ,^   2 TheGovernmentofDenmarkfindsthatthesaidreservationsarecovering   centralprovisionsoftheConvention.Furthermoreitisageneralprincipleof r  internationallawthatinternallawmaynotbeinvokedasjustificationfor 4f failuretoperformtreatyobligations.TheGovernmentofDenmarkfindsthatthe ( reservationsareincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConventionand  accordinglyinadmissibleandwithouteffectunderinternationallaw. z Consequently,theGovernmentofDenmarkobjectstothesereservations. <n  2 ItistheopinionoftheGovernmentofDenmarkthatnotimelimitapplies  toobjectionsagainstreservations,whichareinadmissibleunderinternational  law. Dv  2 TheConventionremaininforceinitsentiretybetweenKuwaitandDenmark.   2 TheGovernmentofDenmarkrecommendsthattheGovernmentofKuwait L~ reconsideritsreservationtotheConvention. @   2 [Onthesamedate,theSecretaryGeneralreceivedfromtheGovernmentof  " Denmark,communications,identicalinessence,mutatismutandis,astheonemade T!# forKuwait,withregardtoreservationsmadebyLesothouponratification,and "H$ Malaysia,MaldivesandSingaporeuponaccession.] " % @ ObjectionbyDenmarktothereservationmadeby %P( @)Lebanonuponaccession %) I#[Original:English] d' + I#[26June1998] ("-  2 [TheSecretaryGeneralreceivedfromtheGovernmentofDenmarkthe l*#/ followingcommunicationwithregardtothereservationmadebyLebanonupon .+`$0 accessioninrespecttoarticle9,paragraph2,andarticle16,paragraph1(c), +"%1 (d),(f)and(g),inasmuchasthelastparagraphdealswiththerighttochoose ,%2 afamilyname.] t-&3 Ї 2 TheGovernmentofDenmarkisoftheviewthatthereservationsmadebythe  GovernmentofLebanonraisedoubtastothecommitmentofLebanontotheobject  andpurposeoftheConventionandwouldrecallthat,accordingtoarticle28, R paragraph2,oftheConventionshallnotbepermitted.Forthisreason,the  F GovernmentofDenmarkobjectstothesaidreservationsmadebytheGovernmentof   Lebanon.    2 TheGovernmentofDenmarkrecommendsthattheGovernmentofLebanon  N reconsideritsreservationstotheConvention.   @ ObjectionbyDenmarktothereservationmadebythe $V  @ "LibyanArabJamahiriyauponaccession   I#[Original:English] j  I#[3July1990]    2 TheGovernmentofDenmarkhastakennoteofthereservationmadebythe r  LibyanArabJamahiriyawhenaccedingtotheConventionontheEliminationofAll 4f FormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen.IntheviewoftheGovernmentofDenmark ( thisreservationissubjecttothegeneralprincipleoftreatyinterpretation  accordingtowhichapartymaynotinvoketheprovisionsofitsinternallawas z justificationforfailuretoperformatreatyobligation. <n @" " ObjectionbyDenmarktothereservationsmade  @BB&byPakistanuponratification Dv I#[Original:English]  I#[23March1998] L~  2 TheSecretaryGeneralreceivedfromtheGovernmentofDenmarka ! communication,identicalinessencetotheonemadeforKuwait,withregardto  " reservationsmadebyPakistanuponratification. T!# @ ObjectionbyFinlandtoreservationsmadebyKuwait #& @00-uponaccession \$' I#[Original:English] %) I#[17January1996] d' +  2 TheGovernmentofFinlandrecallsthat,byaccedingtotheConvention,a ("- Statecommitsitselftoadoptthemeasuresrequiredfortheeliminationof )". discrimination,inallitsformsandmanifestations,againstwomen.In l*#/ particular,article7requiresStatespartiestoundertakeactionstoeliminate .+`$0 discriminationagainstwomeninthepoliticalandpubliclifeofthecountry. +"%1 ThisisafundamentalprovisionoftheConventiontheimplementationofwhichis ,%2 essentialtofulfillingitsobjectandpurpose. t-&3 Ї 2 Reservationstoarticle7(a)andarticle9,paragraph2,arebothsubject  tothegeneralprincipleoftheobservanceoftreatiesaccordingtowhicha  partymaynotinvoketheprovisionofitsinternallawasjustificationforits R failuretoperformitstreatyobligations.Itisinthecommoninterestof  F Statesthatcontractingpartiestointernationaltreatiesarepreparedto   undertakethenecessarylegislativechangesinordertofulfiltheobjectand   purposeofthetreaty. Z   2 Furthermore,intheviewoftheGovernmentofFinland,theunlimitedand   undefinedcharacterofthereservationtoarticle16(f)leavesopentowhat    extentthereservingStatecommitsitselftotheConventionandtherefore b  createsseriousdoubtsaboutthecommitmentofthereservingStatetofulfilits $V  obligationsundertheConvention.Reservationsofsuchunspecifiednaturemay   contributetounderminingthebasisofinternationalhumanrightstreaties.    2 Intheirpresentformulationthereservationsareclearlyincompatiblewith ,^  theobjectandpurposeoftheConventionandthereforeinadmissibleunder   article28,paragraph2,oftheConvention.Therefore,theGovernmentof   Finlandobjectstothesereservations.TheGovernmentofFinlandfurthernotes r  thatthereservationsmadebytheGovernmentofKuwaitaredevoidoflegal 4f effect. (  2 TheGovernmentofFinlandrecommendsthattheGovernmentofKuwait z reconsideritsreservationstotheConvention. <n @ ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationmadeby  @  (Lesothouponratification Dv I#[Original:English]  I#[1November1996] L~  2 WithregardtothereservationsmadebyLesothouponratification: !  2 [Sameobjection,mutatismutandis,astheonemadeforMalaysia.] T!# @ ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadebythe #& @ "LibyanArabJamahiriyauponaccession \$' I#[Original:English] %) I#[8June1990] d' +  2 TheGovernmentofFinlandhasexaminedthecontentsofthereservations ("- madebytheLibyanArabJamahiriyaandconsidersthesaidreservationsasbeing )". incompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConvention.TheGovernmentof l*#/ Finlandthereforeentersitsformalobjectiontothisreservation. .+`$0  2 Thisobjectionisnotanobstacletotheentryintoforceofthesaid ,%2 ConventionbetweenFinlandandtheLibyanArabJamahiriya. t-&3 Ї@ObjectionbyFinlandtothemodifiedreservationmadeby  @ theLibyanArabJamahiriyauponaccession  I#[Original:English]  F I#[16October1996]    2 TheGovernmentofFinlandhasexaminedthecontentsofthemodified  N reservationmadebytheGovernmentoftheLibyanArabJamahiriyatothe   ConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen.     2 Areservationwhichconsistsofageneralreferencetoreligiouslaw $V  withoutspecifyingitscontentsdoesnotclearlydefinetotheotherpartiesto   theConventiontheextenttowhichthereservingStatecommitsitselftothe   Conventionandthereforemaycastdoubtsaboutthecommitmentofthereserving j  StatetofulfilitsobligationsundertheConvention.Suchareservationis ,^  also,intheviewoftheGovernmentofFinland,subjecttothegeneralprinciple   oftheobservanceoftreatiesaccordingtowhichapartymaynotinvokethe   provisionsofitsinternallawasjustificationforfailuretoperformatreaty r  obligation. 4f &  @ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadebyMalaysia z @00-uponaccession <n I#[Original:English]  I#[16October1996] Dv 'zm 2 TheGovernmentofFinlandhasexaminedthecontentsofthereservations  madebytheGovernmentofMalaysiauponaccessiontothesaidConvention.   2 ThereservationsmadebyMalaysia,consistingofageneralreferenceto @  religiousandnationallawwithoutspecifyingthecontentsthereofandwithout ! statingunequivocallytheprovisionsthelegaleffectofwhichmaybeexcluded  " ormodified,donotclearlydefinetotheotherpartiestotheConventionthe T!# extenttowhichthereservingStatecommitsitselftotheConventionand "H$ thereforecreatesseriousdoubtsaboutthecommitmentofthereservingStateto " % fulfilitsobligationsundertheConvention.Reservationsofsuchunspecified #& naturemaycontributetounderminingthebasisofinternationalhumanrights \$' treaties. %P(  2 TheGovernmentofFinlandalsorecallsthatthereservationsofMalaysia &* aresubjecttothegeneralprincipleofobservanceoftreatiesaccordingto d' + whichapartymaynotinvoketheprovisionsofitsinternallawasjustification &(X!, forfailuretoperformitstreatyobligations.Itisinthecommoninterestof ("- Statesthatpartiestointernationaltreatiesarepreparedtotakethenecessary )". legislativechangesinordertofulfiltheobjectandpurposeofthetreaty. l*#/  2 Furthermore,thereservationsmadebyMalaysia,inparticularto +"%1 articles2(f)and5(a),aretofundamentalprovisionsoftheConventionthe ,%2 implementationofwhichisessentialtofulfillingitsobjectandpurpose. t-&3 Ї 2 TheGovernmentofFinlandconsidersthatintheirpresentformulationthe  reservationsmadebyMalaysiaareclearlyincompatiblewiththeobjectand  purposeofthesaidConventionandthereforeinadmissibleunderarticle28, R paragraph2,ofthesaidConvention.Inviewoftheabove,theGovernmentof  F Finlandobjectstothesereservationsandnotesthattheyaredevoidoflegal   effect.   &  @ ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadeby   @nn)Maldivesuponaccession    I#[Original:English] $V  I#[5May1994]   ' x 2 IntheviewoftheGovernmentofFinland,theunlimitedandunderlined ,^  characterofthesaidreservationscreateseriousdoubtsaboutthecommitmentof   thereservingStatetofulfilitsobligationsundertheConvention.Intheir   extensiveformulation,theyareclearlycontrarytotheobjectandpurposeof r  theConvention.Therefore,theGovernmentofFinlandobjectstosuch 4f reservations. (  2 TheGovernmentofFinlandalsorecallsthatthesaidreservationsare z subjecttothegeneralprincipleoftreatyinterpretationaccordingtowhicha <n partymaynotinvoketheprovisionsofitsdomesticlawasajustificationfor 0 failuretoperformitstreatyobligations.   2 TheGovernmentofFinlanddoesnot,however,considerthatthisobjection Dv constitutesanobstacletotheentryintoforceoftheConventionbetween 8 FinlandandMaldives.  @Z Z ObjectionbyFinlandtothemodifiedreservations @  @,madebyMaldives ! I#[Original:English] T!# I#[17August1999] " %  2 TheGovernmentofFinlandobjectedin1994tothereservationsmadebythe \$' GovernmentofMaldivesuponaccessiontotheConventionontheEliminationof %P( AllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen.TheGovernmentofFinlandhasnow %) examinedthecontentsofthemodifiedreservationmadebytheGovernmentofthe &* RepublicofMaldivestothesaidConvention. d' +  2 TheGovernmentofFinlandwelcomeswithsatisfactionthattheGovernmentof ("- theRepublicofMaldiveshasspecifiedthatthereservationsmadeatthetimeof )". itsaccessiontotheConventionincludeelementswhichareobjectionable. l*#/ However,thereservationstoarticle7(a)and16stillincludeelementswhich .+`$0 areobjectionable.TheGovernmentofFinlandthereforewishestodeclarethat +"%1 itassumesthattheGovernmentoftheRepublicofMaldiveswillensurethe ,%2 implementationoftherightsrecognizedintheConventionandwilldoitsutmost t-&3 tobringitsnationallegislationintocompliancewithobligationsunderthe  Conventionwithaviewtowithdrawingthereservation.Thisdeclarationdoes  notprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConventionbetweentheMaldivesand R Finland.  F &  @ ObjectionbyFinlandtothedeclarationmadeby Z  @nn)Pakistanuponaccession  N I#[Original:English]    I#[6June1997] $V   2 WithregardtothedeclarationmadebyPakistanuponaccession:    2 [Sameobjection,mutatismutandis,astheonemadeforMalaysia.] ,^  '  @ ObjectionbyFinlandtothereservationsmadeby r  @<<(Singaporeuponaccession 4f I#[Original:English]  I#[21November1996] <n  2 WithregardtothereservationsmadebySingaporeuponaccession:   2 [Sameobjection,mutatismutandis,astheonemadeforMalaysia.] Dv @ObjectionbyFrancetothereservationsmadebyMalaysia  @00-uponaccession L~ I#[Original:English] ! I#[20July1998] T!#  2 TheGovernmentofFranceconsidersthatthereservationsmadebyMalaysia, " % asexpressedinthepracticalwithdrawalandmodificationsmadebyMalaysiaon6 #& February1998,areincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConvention. \$' TheGovernmentofFrancethereforeobjectstothe[reservations]. %P(  2 Thisobjectionshallnototherwiseaffecttheentryintoforceofthe &* ConventionbetweenFranceandMalaysia. d' +   ("- &   @ ObjectionbyGermanytothereservationsmadeby  @)Algeriauponaccession  I#[Original:English]  F I#[14August1997]    2 TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyhasexaminedthecontents  N 'nofthereservationsmadebytheGovernmentofAlgeriaonitsaccessiontothe   ConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen,in    whichtheGovernmentofAlgeriastateditsreadinesstoapplyarticle2, b  article9,paragraph2,article15,paragraph4,andarticle16ofthe $V  ConventionprovidedthattheydonotconflictwithAlgerianfamilylaw.    2 TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyconsidersthatsuch j  reservationseekingtolimitthevalidityoftheConventionbymakingit ,^  contingentuponcongruitywithAlgerianfamilylawmayraisedoubtsasto   Algeria'scommitmenttotheobjectandpurposeoftheConvention.The   Conventiondoesnotallowforreservationsarguingtheprimacyofnationallaw. r  Itisinthecommoninterestofallpartiestoatreatythatitisrespectedas 4f toobjectandpurposebyallparties.TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicof ( Germanythereforeobjectstotheabovementionedreservations.   2 ThisobjectiondoesnotprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConvention <n betweenAlgeriaandtheFederalRepublicofGermany. 0 @ ObjectionbyGermanytothereservationsmadeby Dv @nn)Malaysiauponaccession 8 I#[Original:English]  I#[8October1996] @   2 TheGovernmentofMalaysiadeclaresthatMalaysia'saccessionissubjectto  " theunderstandingthattheprovisionsoftheConventiondonotconflictwiththe T!# provisionsoftheIslamicShariahlawandtheFederalConstitutionofMalaysia. "H$ Withregardthereto,further,theGovernmentofMalaysiadoesnotconsider " % itselfboundbytheprovisionsofarticles2(f),5(a),7(b),9and16ofthe #& aforesaidConvention. \$'  2 TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyconsidersthatthe %) declarationandreservations,whichseektolimittheresponsibilitiesof &* MalaysiaundertheConventionbyrestrictingthemtotheIslamicShariahandto d' + alreadyexistingnationallegislationandbyrestrictingtheapplicationof &(X!, centralarticlesoftheConvention,mayraisedoubtsastothecommitmentof ("- MalaysiatotheobjectandpurposeoftheConvention.TheGovernmentofthe )". FederalRepublicofGermanythereforeobjectstothesereservationsandthe l*#/ declaration. .+`$0   +"%1  2 TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofGermanydoesnot,however,  considerthatthisobjectionconstitutesanobstacletotheentryintoforceof  theConventionbetweenGermanyandMalaysia. R  & v @ ObjectionbyGermanytothepartialwithdrawalofthe   @ "originalreservationmadebyMaldives Z  I#[Original:English]   I#[16August1999] b   2 Themodificationdoesnotconstituteawithdrawalorapartialwithdrawal   oftheoriginreservationstotheConventionbytheRepublicofMaldives.   Insteadthemodificationconstitutesanewreservationtoarticle7(a)(right j  ofwomentovoteinallelections)andarticle16(eliminationofdiscrimination ,^  againstwomeninallmattersrelatingtomarriageandfamilyrelations)ofthe   Conventionextendingandreinforcingtheoriginalreservations.    2 TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofGermanynotesthatreservations 4f totreatiescanonlybemadebyaStatewhensigning,ratifying,accepting, ( approvingoraccedingtoatreaty(article19oftheViennaConventiononthe  LawofTreaties).AfteraStatehasbounditselftoatreatyunder z internationallawitcannolongersubmitnewreservationsorextendoraddto <n oldreservations.Itisalsopossibletototallyorpartiallywithdraworiginal 0 reservations,somethingunfortunatelynotdonebytheGovernmentoftheRepublic  ofMaldiveswithitsmodification.   2 TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyobjectstothe 8 modificationofthereservations.  'v ܚ@ ObjectionbyGermanytothereservationsmadeby @  @nn)Pakistanuponaccession ! I#[Original:English] T!# I#[28May1997] " %  2 TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyhasexaminedthecontents \$' ofthe"generaldeclaration"madebytheGovernmentoftheIslamicRepublicof %P( PakistanonitsaccessiontotheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof %) DiscriminationagainstWomen.Thedeclarationreads:"Theaccessionby[the] &* GovernmentoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistantotheConventiononthe d' + EliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomenissubjecttothe &(X!, provisionsoftheConstitutionoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistan." ("-  2 TheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyconsidersthatsucha l*#/ declarationwhichseekstolimitthevalidityoftheConventionbymakingit .+`$0 contingentuponcongruitywiththePakistanConstitutionmayraisedoubtsasto +"%1 Pakistan'scommitmenttotheobjectandpurposeoftheConvention.Sucha ,%2 reservationreferringgenerallytotheConstitutionisnotpermittedunderthe t-&3 Convention.Itisinthecommoninterestofallpartiestoatreatythatitis  respectedastoobjectandpurposebyallparties.TheGovernmentofthe  FederalRepublicofGermanythereforeobjectstotheabovementioned R declaration.  F  2 ThisobjectiondoesnotprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConvention   betweentheIslamicRepublicofPakistanandtheFederalRepublicofGermany. Z  @ObjectionsofthesamenaturebytheGovernmentofGermanyto    @thereservationsmadebyBangladesh,Iraq,theLibyanArab󀀀 b  @Jamahiriya,Malawi,Mauritius,ThailandandTurkeyupon󀀀 $V  @accessionandbyBrazil,Egypt,Jamaica,theRepublicof󀀀   @  #KoreaandTunisiauponratification   I#[Original:English] ,^  I#[10July1985]    2 TheFederalRepublicofGermanyconsidersthatthereservationsmadeby 4f Egyptregardingarticle2,article9,paragraph2,andarticle16,byBangladesh ( regardingarticle2,article13(a)andarticle16,paragraph1(c)and(f),by  Brazilregardingarticle15,paragraph4,andarticle16,paragraph1(a),(c), z (g)and(h),byJamaicaregardingarticle9,paragraph2,bytheRepublicof <n Korearegardingarticle9andarticle16,paragraph1(c),(d),(f)and(g),and 0 byMauritiusregardingarticle11,paragraph1(b)and(d),andarticle16,  paragraph1(g),areincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConvention  (art.28,para.2)andthereforeobjectstothem.InrelationtotheFederal Dv RepublicofGermany,theymaynotbeinvokedinsupportofalegalpractice 8 whichdoesnotpaydueregardtothelegalstatusaffordedtowomenandchildren  intheFederalRepublicofGermanyinconformitywiththeabovementioned  articlesoftheConvention.Thisobjectionshallnotprecludetheentryinto L~ forceoftheConventionasbetweenEgypt,Bangladesh,Brazil,Jamaica,the @  RepublicofKorea,MauritiusandtheFederalRepublicofGermany. !  2 ObjectionsofthesamenaturewerealsoformulatedbytheGovernmentofthe T!# FederalRepublicofGermanyinregardtoreservationsmadebyvariousStates,as "H$ follows: " %  2 (a)  15October1986:Inrespectofreservationsformulatedbythe \$' GovernmentofThailandconcerningarticle9,paragraph2,article10, %P( article11,paragraph1(b),article15,paragraph3,andarticle16.(The %) FederalRepublicofGermanyalsoholdstheviewthatthereservationmadeby &* Thailandregardingarticle7oftheConventionislikewiseincompatiblewiththe d' + objectandpurposeoftheConventionbecauseforallmatterswhichconcern &(X!, nationalsecurityitreservesinageneralandthusunspecificmannertheright ("- oftheRoyalThaiGovernmenttoapplytheprovisionsonlywithinthelimits )". establishedbynationallaws,regulationsandpractices.); l*#/  2 (b)  15October1986:Inrespectofreservationsandsomedeclarations +"%1 formulatedbytheGovernmentofTunisiaconcerningarticle9,paragraph2,and ,%2 article16,aswellasthedeclarationconcerningarticle15,paragraph4; t-&3 Ї 2 (c)  3March1987:InrespectofreservationsmadebytheGovernmentof  Turkeytoarticle15,paragraphs2and4,andarticle16,paragraphs1(c),(d),  (f)and(g);inrespectofreservationsmadebytheGovernmentofIraqwith R regardtoarticle2,subparagraphs(f)and(g),article9andarticle16;  F  2 (d)  7April1988:Inrespectofthefirstreservationmadebythe   GovernmentofMalawi; Z   2 (e)  20June1990:InrespectofthereservationmadebytheGovernmentof   theLibyanArabJamahiriya;     2 (f)  24October1994:InrespectofthereservationsmadebyMaldives. $V  @ObjectionbyMexicotothereservationsmadebyBangladesh,󀀀 j  @Cyprus,Iraq,theLibyanArabJamahiriya,Mauritius,Thailand ,^  @andTurkeyuponaccessionandbyEgypt,Jamaica,NewZealand󀀈   @andtheRepublicofKoreauponratification,andcommunication   @,regardingMalawi r  I#[Original:Spanish] ( I#[11January1985] z  2 TheGovernmentoftheUnitedMexicanStateshasstudiedthecontentofthe 0 reservationsmadebyMauritiustoarticle11,paragraphs1(b)and(d),and  article16,paragraph1(g),oftheConventionandconcludedthattheyshouldbe  consideredinvalidinthelightofarticle28,paragraph2,oftheConvention, Dv becausetheyareincompatiblewithitsobjectandpurpose. 8  2 Indeed,thesereservations,ifimplemented,wouldinevitablyresultin  discriminationagainstwomenonthebasisofsex,whichiscontrarytoallthe L~ articlesoftheConvention.Theprinciplesofequalrightsofmenandwomenand @  non-discriminationonthebasisofsex,whichareembodiedinthesecond ! preambularparagraphandarticle1,paragraph3,oftheCharteroftheUnited  " Nations,towhichMauritiusisasignatory,andinarticles2and16ofthe T!# UniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsof1948,werepreviouslyacceptedbythe "H$ GovernmentofMauritiuswhenitacceded,on12December1973,tothe " % InternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRightsandtheInternational #& CovenantonEconomic,SocialandCulturalRights.Theabovementioned \$' principleswerestatedinarticle2,paragraph1,andarticle3oftheformer %P( Covenantandinarticle2,paragraph2,andarticle3ofthelatter. %) Consequently,itisinconsistentwiththesecontractualobligationspreviously &* assumedbyMauritiusforitsGovernmentnowtoclaimthatithasreservations, d' + onthesamesubject,aboutthe1979Convention. &(X!,  2 TheobjectionoftheGovernmentoftheUnitedMexicanStatestothe )". reservationsinquestionshouldnotbeinterpretedasanimpedimenttotheentry l*#/ intoforceofthe1979ConventionbetweentheUnitedMexicanStatesand .+`$0 Mauritius. +"%1   ,%2  2 Objections,identicalinessence,mutatismutandis,werealsoformulatedby   theGovernmentofMexicoinregardtothereservationsmadebyvariousStates,  asfollows[fortheStateswhichwerenotPartiestotheCovenants(markedbelow R withanasterisk),theparticipationintheCovenantswasnotinvokedbyMexico  F initsobjectionwithregardtoreservations]:    2 (a)  21February1985:InrespectofreservationsmadebytheGovernment Z  ofBangladesh*concerningarticle2,article13,subparagraph(a),and  N article16,paragraph1(c)and(f);    2 (b)  21February1985:Inrespectofthereservationmadebythe b  GovernmentofJamaicaconcerningarticle9,paragraph2; $V   2 (c)  22May1985:InrespectofreservationsmadebytheGovernmentofNew   Zealand(applicabletotheCookIslands)concerningarticle2,subparagraph(f), j  andarticle5,subparagraph(a); ,^   2 (d)  6June1985:InrespectofreservationsmadebytheGovernmentofthe   RepublicofKoreaconcerningarticle9andarticle16,paragraphs1(c),(d), r  (e),(f)and(g).Inthiscase,theGovernmentofMexicostatedthatthe 4f principleoftheequalrightsofmenandwomenandofnon-discriminationonthe ( basisofsex,whicharesetforthintheCharteroftheUnitedNationsasoneof  itspurposes,intheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsof1948andin z variousmultilateralinstruments,havealreadybecomegeneralprinciplesof <n internationallawwhichapplytotheinternationalcommunity,towhichthe 0 RepublicofKoreabelongs;   2 (e)  29January1986:InrespectofthereservationmadebytheGovernment Dv ofCyprustoarticle9,paragraph2; 8  2 (f)  7May1986:InrespectofthereservationsmadebytheGovernmentof  Turkey*toparagraphs2and4ofarticle15andparagraph1(c),(d),(f)and L~ (g)ofarticle16; @   2 (g)  16July1986:InrespectofthereservationsmadebytheGovernment  " ofEgypttoarticles9and16; T!#  2 (h)  16October1986:InrespectofthereservationsmadebyThailand* " % concerningarticle9,paragraph2,article15,paragraph3,andarticle16; #&  2 (i)  4December1986:InrespectofthereservationsmadebyIraq %P( concerningarticle2,subparagraphs(f)and(g),article9,paragraphs1and2, %) andarticle16; &*  2 (j)  23July1990:InrespectofthereservationmadebytheLibyanArab &(X!, Jamahiriya. ("-  2 [TheSecretaryGeneralreceivedfromtheGovernmentofMexico,onthedate l*#/ indicatedbelow,acommunicationasfollows:] .+`$0  2 Malawi,5August1987:TheGovernmentoftheUnitedMexicanStateshopes ,%2 thattheprocessoferadicationoftraditionalcustomsandpracticesreferredto t-&3 inthefirstreservationoftheRepublicofMalawiwillnotbesoprotractedas  toimpairfulfilmentofthepurposeandintentoftheConvention.  @ ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmade   @  (byAlgeriauponaccession   I#[Original:English]  N I#[1July1997]     2 WithregardtothereservationsmadebyAlgeriauponaccession: $V  @::[Sameobjection,mutatismutandis,astheonemadeforMalaysia.]   @ObjectionbytheNetherlandstoreservationsmadebyFiji   @ uponaccessionandbyLesothouponratification   I#[Original:English] 4f I#[1November1996]   2 WithregardtothereservationsmadebyFijiuponaccessionandbyLesotho <n uponratification: 0 @::[Sameobjection,mutatismutandis,astheonemadeforMalaysia.]  @ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby  @*Kuwaituponaccession  I#[Original:English] @  I#[16January1996]  "  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsidersthereservations "H$ madebyKuwaitincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConvention " % (art.28,para.2). #&  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsthereforeobjectstothe %P( abovementionedreservations.Theseobjectionsshallnotprecludetheentry %) intoforceoftheConventionbetweenKuwaitandtheKingdomoftheNetherlands. &*   &(X!, &     @ ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservations  @ %madebyMalaysiauponaccession  I#[Original:English]  F I#[15May1998]    2 Withregardtothereservationsregardingarticle9,paragraph2,and  N 'article16,paragraph1(c),(d),(f)and(g)madebyLebanonuponaccession:    2 [Sameobjection,mutatismutandis,astheonemadeforKuwait.] b  @ ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservations   @ %madebyMalaysiauponaccession j  I#[Original:English]   I#[15October1996] r   2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsiders,withregardto ( thereservationsmadebyMalaysiarelatingtotheConventionontheElimination  ofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen,[...]thatsuchreservations, z whichseektolimittheresponsibilitiesofthereservingStateunderthe <n Conventionbyinvokingthegeneralprinciplesofnationallawandthe 0 Constitution,mayraisedoubtsastothecommitmentofthisStatetotheobject  andpurposeoftheConventionand,moreover,contributetounderminingthebasis  ofinternationaltreatylaw.ItisinthecommoninterestofStatesthat Dv treatiestowhichtheyhavechosentobecomepartiesshouldberespected,asto 8 objectandpurpose,byallparties.   2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsfurtherconsidersthatthe L~ reservationsmadebyMalaysiaregardingarticle2(f),article5(a),article9 @  andarticle16oftheConventionareincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeof ! theConvention.  "  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsthereforeobjectstothe "H$ abovementionedreservations.Thisobjectionshallnotprecludetheentryinto " % forceoftheConventionbetweentheKingdomoftheNetherlandsandMalaysia. #& @T T ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothemodified %) @BB&reservationsmadebyMalaysia &* 44J#[Original:English &(X!, 44J#[21July1998] )".  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandshasexaminedthe .+`$0 modificationofthereservationsmadebyMalaysiatoarticle5(a)and +"%1 article16,paragraph1(a)andparagraph2ofthe[Convention]. ,%2  t-&3  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsacknowledgesthatMalaysia  hasspecifiedthesereservations,madeatthetimeofitsaccessiontothe  Convention.TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandswishestodeclare R thatitassumesthatMalaysiawillensureimplementationoftherightsenshrined  F intheabovearticlesandwillstrivetobringitsrelevantnationallegislation   intoconformitywiththeobligationsimposedbytheConvention.This   declarationshallnotprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConventionbetween Z  theKingdomoftheNetherlandsandMalaysia.  N  2 Consequently,themodificationinquestionisnotaccepted,theGovernment    ofFrancehavingobjectedthereto. b  @ ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservations   @ %madebyPakistanuponaccession j  I#[Original:English]   I#[30May1997] r   2 TheGovernment[ofthe]KingdomoftheNetherlandshasexaminedthe ( declarationmadebytheGovernmentofPakistanatthetimeofitsaccessionto  theConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen z andconsidersthesaiddeclarationasareservation. <n  2 TheGovernment[ofthe]KingdomoftheNetherlandsnotesthatthesaid  declarationamountstoreservationsofageneralnatureinrespectofthe  provisionsoftheConventionwhichareconsideredcontrarytotheConstitution Dv ofPakistan. 8  2 TheKingdomoftheNetherlandsisoftheviewthatthesegeneral  reservations,whichseektolimittheobligationsofthereservingStateby L~ invokingitsConstitution,mayraisedoubtsastothecommitmentofPakistanto @  theobjectandpurposeoftheConventionandrecallsthat,accordingto ! paragraph2ofarticle28oftheConvention,areservationincompatiblewiththe  " objectandpurposeoftheConventionshallnotbepermitted. T!#  2 ItisinthecommoninterestofStatesthattreatiestowhichtheyhave " % chosentobecomepartiesarerespected,astotheirobjectandpurpose,byall #& partiesandthatStatesarepreparedtoundertakeanylegislativechanges \$' necessarytocomplywiththeirobligationsunderthetreaties.TheGovernment %P( oftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsisfurtheroftheviewthatgeneral %) reservationsofthekindmadebytheGovernmentofPakistan,whichdonot &* clearlyspecifytheprovisionsoftheConventiontowhichtheyapplyandthe d' + extentofthederogationtherefrom,contributetounderminingthebasisof &(X!, internationaltreatylaw. ("-  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsthereforeobjectstothe l*#/ aforesaiddeclarationmadebytheGovernmentofPakistantotheConventionon .+`$0 theEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen.Thisobjection +"%1 shallnotprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConventionbetweentheKingdomof ,%2 theNetherlandsandPakistan. t-&3 Ї@ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservationsmadeby  @Bangladesh,Iraq,theLibyanArabJamahiriya,Malawi,󀀀  @Maldives,Mauritius,Morocco,ThailandandTurkeyupon󀀀 R @accessionandBrazil,Egypt,India,Jamaica,theRepublic  F @ !ofKoreaandTunisiauponratification   I#[Original:English] Z  I#[23July1990]    2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsidersthatthe b  reservationsmadebyBangladeshregardingarticle2,article13, $V  subparagraph(a),andarticle16,paragraph1(c)and(f),byEgyptregarding   article2,article9andarticle16,byBrazilregardingarticle15,   paragraph4,andarticle16,paragraph1(a),(c),(g)and(h),byIraq j  regardingarticle2,subparagraphs(f)and(g),article9andarticle16,by ,^  Mauritiusregardingarticle11,paragraph1(b)and(d),andarticle16,   paragraph1(g),byJamaicaregardingarticle9,paragraph2,bytheRepublicof   Korearegardingarticle9andarticle16,paragraph1(c),(d),(f)and(g),by r  Thailandregardingarticle9,paragraph2,article15,paragraph3,and 4f article16,byTunisiaregardingarticle9,paragraph2,article15, ( paragraph4,andarticle16,paragraph1(c),(d),(f),(g)and(h),byTurkey  regardingarticle15,paragraphs2and4,andarticle16,paragraphs1(c),(d), z (f)and(g),bytheLibyanArabJamahiriyauponaccession,andthefirst <n paragraphofthereservationsmadebyMalawiuponaccession,areincompatible 0 withtheobjectandpurposeoftheConvention(art.28,para.2).   2 TheseobjectionsshallnotprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConvention Dv asbetweenBangladesh,Egypt,Brazil,Iraq,Mauritius,Jamaica,theRepublicof 8 Korea,Thailand,Tunisia,Turkey,theLibyanArabJamahiriya,Malawiandthe  KingdomoftheNetherlands.  I#[Original:English] @  I#[14July1994]  " &   2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsidersthatthe "H$ declarationsmadebyIndiaregardingarticle5,subparagraph(a),and " % article16,paragraph1,oftheConventionarereservationsincompatiblewith #& theobjectandpurposeoftheConvention(art.28,para.2). \$' '" 2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsidersthatthe %) declarationmadebyIndiaregardingarticle16,paragraph2,oftheConvention &* isareservationincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConvention d' + (art.28,para.2). &(X!,  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsidersthatthe )". declarationmadebyMoroccoexpressingthereadinessofMoroccotoapplythe l*#/ provisionsofarticle2providedthattheydonotconflictwiththeprovisions .+`$0 oftheIslamicShariah,isareservationincompatiblewiththeobjectand +"%1 purposeoftheConvention(art.28,para.2). ,%2  t-&3  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsidersthatthe  declarationmadebyMoroccoregardingarticle15,paragraph4,oftheConvention  isareservationincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConvention R (art.28,para.2).  F  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsidersthatthe   declarationmadebyMoroccoregardingarticle9,paragraph2,andarticle16of Z  theConventionarereservationsincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeofthe  N Convention(art.28,para.2).    2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandshasexaminedthe b  reservationsmadebyMaldives,bywhich"theGovernmentoftheRepublicof $V  MaldiveswillcomplywiththeprovisionsoftheConvention,exceptthosewhich   theGovernmentmayconsidercontradictorytotheprinciplesoftheIslamic   Shariah,uponwhichthelawsandtraditionsoftheMaldivesarefounded",and j  theRepublicofMaldivesdeclaresthatit"doesnotseeitselfboundbyany ,^  provisionsoftheConventionwhichobligesittochangeitsConstitutionand   lawsinanymanner".TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsiders   thesaidreservationsincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeofthe r  Convention. 4f  2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsobjectstotheabove  mentioneddeclarationsandreservations. z  2 TheseobjectionsshallnotprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConvention 0 asbetweenIndia,Maldives,MoroccoandtheKingdomoftheNetherlands.  &  @ ObjectionbytheNetherlandstothereservations 8 @ $madebySingaporeuponaccession  I#[Original:English] L~ I#[20November1996] !  2 WithregardtothereservationsmadebySingaporeuponaccession,the T!# GovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlands...considers: "H$ '' 2 Thatthereservationunder(1)isincompatiblewiththepurposeofthe #& Convention; \$'  2 Thatthereservationunder(2)suggestsadistinctionbetweenmigratingmen %) andmigratingwomen,andbythatisanimplicitreservationregardingarticle9 &* oftheConvention,whichisincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeofthe d' + Convention; &(X!,  2 Thatthereservationunder(3),particularlythelastpart"andconsiders )". thatlegislationinrespectofarticle11isunnecessaryfortheminorityof l*#/ womenwhodonotfallwithintheambitofSingapore'semploymentlegislation" .+`$0 isareservationwhichseekstolimittheresponsibilitiesofthereserving +"%1 StateundertheConventionbyinvokingthegeneralprinciplesofitsnational ,%2 law,andinthisparticularcasetoexcludetheapplicationofthesaidarticle t-&3 foraspecificcategoryofwomen,andthereforemayraisedoubtsastothe  commitmentofthisStatetotheobjectandpurposeoftheConventionand,  moreover,contributetounderminingthebasisofinternationaltreatylaw.It R isinthecommoninterestofStatesthatallpartiesshouldrespecttreatiesto  F whichtheyhavechosentobecomeparties,shouldberespected,astoobjectand   purpose,byallparties.    2 TheGovernmentoftheKingdomoftheNetherlandsthereforeobjectstothe  N abovementionedreservations.    2 ThisobjectionshallnotprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConvention b  betweenSingaporeandtheKingdomoftheNetherlands. $V  @44ObjectionsbyNorwaytothereservationsmadebyKuwait,the j  @( ( LibyanArabJamahiriyaandMaldivesuponaccession ,^  I#[Original:English]   I#[16July1990] 4f  2 TheGovernmentofNorwayhasexaminedthecontentsofthereservationmade  bytheLibyanArabJamahiriya,bywhichtheaccession"issubjecttothegeneral z reservationthatsuchaccessioncannotconflictwiththelawsonpersonalstatus <n derivedfromtheIslamicShariah".TheNorwegianGovernmenthascometothe 0 conclusionthatthisreservationisincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeof  theConvention(art.28,para.2).TheGovernmentofNorwayobjectstothe  reservation. Dv  2 TheNorwegianGovernmentwillstressthat,byaccedingtotheConvention,a  Statecommitsitselftoadoptthemeasuresrequiredfortheeliminationof  discrimination,inallformsandmanifestations,againstwomen.Areservation L~ bywhichaStatepartylimitsitsresponsibilitiesundertheConventionby @  invokingreligiouslaw(Shariah),whichissubjecttointerpretation, ! modificationandselectiveapplicationindifferentStatesadheringtoIslamic  " principles,maycreatedoubtsaboutthecommitmentsofthereservingStateto T!# theobjectandpurposeoftheConvention.Itmayalsounderminethebasisof "H$ internationaltreatylaw.AllStateshaveacommoninterestinsecuringthat " % allpartiesrespectthetreatiestowhichtheyhavechosentobecomeparties. #& I#[Original:English] %P( I#[25October1994] &*  2 IntheviewoftheGovernmentofNorway,areservationbywhichaState &(X!, partylimitsitsresponsibilitiesundertheConventionbyinvokinggeneral ("- principlesofinternallawmaycreatedoubtsaboutthecommitmentsofthe )". reservingStatetotheobjectandpurposeoftheConventionand,moreover, l*#/ contributetounderminethebasisofinternationaltreatylaw.Itisinthe .+`$0 commoninterestofStatesthattreatiestowhichtheyhavechosentobecome +"%1 partiesalsoarerespected,astotheirobjectandpurpose,byallparties. ,%2 Furthermore,underwellestablishedinternationaltreatylaw,aStateisnot t-&3 permittedtoinvokeinternallawasjustificationforitsfailuretoperformits  treatyobligations.Forthesereasons,theGovernmentofNorwayobjectstothe  reservationsofMaldives. R  2 TheGovernmentofNorwaydoesnotconsiderthisobjectiontoconstitutean   obstacletotheentryintoforceoftheabovestatedConventionbetweenthe   KingdomofNorwayandtheRepublicofMaldives. Z  I#[Original:English]   I#[28April1995] b   2 TheGovernmentofNorwayhasexaminedthecontentofthereservationsmade   byKuwaituponaccessionandstressesthat,byaccedingtotheConvention,a   Statecommitsitselftoadoptthemeasuresrequiredfortheeliminationof j  discrimination,inallitsformsandmanifestations,againstwomen.A ,^  reservationbywhichaStatepartylimitsitsresponsibilitiesunderthe   Conventionbyinvokinginternalorreligiouslawmaycreatedoubtsaboutthe   commitmentsofthereservingStatetotheobjectandpurposeoftheConvention. r  Furthermore,underwellestablishedinternationaltreatylaw,aStatemaynot 4f invoketheprovisionsofitsinternallawasjustificationforitsfailureto ( performatreaty.ItisinthecommoninterestofStatesthattreatiestowhich  theyhavechosentobecomepartiesalsoarerespected,astotheirobjectand z purpose,byallparties.Forthesereasons,theGovernmentofNorwayobjectsto <n theKuwaitireservation. 0  2 TheGovernmentofNorwaydoesnotconsiderthisobjectiontoprecludethe  entryintoforceoftheabovestatedConventionbetweentheKingdomofNorway Dv andtheStateofKuwait. 8 &  @N N !ObjectionbyNorwaytothereservations L~ @%madebyLesothouponaccession @  I#[Original:English]  " I#[24January1997] "H$  2 'L +TheGovernmentofNorwayconsidersthatthelatterpartofthereservations #& madebytheKingdomofLesotho,owingtoitsunlimitedscopeandundefined \$' character,isinadmissibleunderinternationallaw.Areservationbywhicha %P( StatepartylimitsitsresponsibilitiesundertheConventionbyinvokinggeneral %) principlesofinternallawmaycreatedoubtsaboutthecommitmentofthe &* reservingStatetotheobjectandpurposeoftheConventionand,moreover, d' + contributetounderminingthebasisofinternationaltreatylaw.Underwell &(X!, establishedinternationaltreatylaw,aStateisnotpermittedtoinvoke ("- internallawasajustificationforitsfailuretoperformitstreaty )". obligations.Forthesereasons,theGovernmentofNorwayobjectstothe l*#/ reservationmadebytheGovernmentoftheKingdomofLesotho. .+`$0   +"%1  2 TheGovernmentofNorwaydoesnotconsiderthisobjectiontoprecludethe  entryintoforceoftheConventionbetweentheKingdomofNorwayandtheKingdom  ofLesotho. R  @ObjectionbyNorwaytothereservationsmadebyAlgeria,   @ "MalaysiaandSingaporeuponaccession Z  I#[Original:English]   I#[11October1996] b   2 TheGovernmentofNorwayhasexaminedthecontentsofthereservationsmade   byMalaysiauponaccession,...    2 IntheviewoftheGovernmentofNorway,astatementbywhichaStateparty ,^  purportstolimititsresponsibilitiesundertheConventionbyinvokinggeneral   principlesofinternalorreligiouslawmaycreatedoubtsaboutthecommitment   ofthereservingStatetotheobjectandpurposeoftheConventionand, r  moreover,contributetounderminingthebasisofinternationaltreatylaw. 4f Underwellestablishedinternationaltreatylaw,aStateisnotpermittedto ( invokeinternallawasjustificationforitsfailuretoperformitstreaty  obligations.Further,theGovernmentofNorwayconsidersthatreservationmade z bytheGovernmentofMalaysiawithrespecttocertainspecificprovisionsofthe <n Conventionissoextensiveastobecontrarytotheobjectandpurposeofthe 0 Convention,andthusnotpermittedunderarticle28,paragraph2,ofthe  Convention.Forthesereasons,theGovernmentofNorwayobjectstothe  reservationsmadebytheGovernmentofMalaysia. Dv  2 TheGovernmentofNorwaydoesnotconsiderthisobjectiontoprecludethe  entryintoforceoftheConventionbetweentheKingdomofNorwayandMalaysia.  I#[Original:English] @  I#[21November1996]  "  2 WithregardtothereservationsmadebySingaporeuponaccession: "H$ @::[Sameobjection,mutatismutandis,astheonemadeforMaldives.] #& I#[Original:English] %P( I#[3July1997] &*  2 WithregardtothereservationsmadebyAlgeriauponaccession: &(X!, @::[Sameobjection,mutatismutandis,astheonemadeforMalaysia.] )".   .+`$0 &     @ ObjectionbyNorwaytothedeclarationmade  @'byPakistanuponaccession  I#[Original:English]  F I#[6June1997]    2 TheGovernmentofNorwayhasexaminedthecontentofthereservationmade  N bytheGovernmentofPakistanuponaccessiontotheaboveConvention,which   ';readsasfollows:"Theaccession...issubjecttotheprovisionsofthe    ConstitutionoftheIslamicRepublicofPakistan".TheGovernmentofNorway b  considersthatthereservationmadebytheGovernmentofPakistan,owingtoits $V  unlimitedscopeandundefinedcharacter,iscontrarytotheobjectandpurpose   oftheConvention.Underwellestablishedtreatylaw,aStatepartymaynot   invoketheprovisionsofitsinternallawasjustificationforitsfailureto j  performtreatyobligations.ForthesereasonstheGovernmentofNorwayobjects ,^  tothereservationmadebytheGovernmentofPakistan.    2 TheGovernmentofNorwaydoesnotconsiderthisobjectiontoprecludethe r  entryintoforceoftheConventionbetweentheKingdomofNorwayandtheIslamic 4f RepublicofPakistan. ( @" " ObjectionbyPortugaltothereservationmade <n @'byMaldivesuponaccession 0 I#[Original:English]  I#[26October1994] 8  2 TheGovernmentofPortugalconsidersthatthereservationsformulatedby  MaldivesareincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConventionandare L~ inadmissibleunderarticle19(c)oftheViennaConventionontheLawof @  Treaties. !  2 Furthermore,theGovernmentofPortugalconsidersthatthesereservations T!# cannotalterormodifyinanyrespecttheobligationsarisingfromthe "H$ ConventionforanyStatepartythereto. " % @ ObjectionbyPortugaltothereservationmadeby %P( @nn)Pakistanuponaccession %) I#[Original:English] d' + I#[23July1997] ("-  2 Portugalisoftheviewthatageneraldeclarationofthekindmadeby l*#/ Pakistan,constitutinginfactinlegaltermsageneralreservation,andnot .+`$0 clearlyspecifyingtheprovisionsoftheConventiontowhichitappliesandthe +"%1 extentofthederogationtherefrom,contributestounderminingthebasisof ,%2 internationallaw. t-&3 Ї 2 Furthermore,accordingtoparagraph2ofarticle28oftheConvention  generalreservationofsuchakindisincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurpose  oftheConventionandshallnotbepermitted. R  2 Portugalthereforeobjectstotheaforesaidgeneralreservationwhichwill   notprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConventioninitsentiretybetween   PakistanandPortugal. Z  @44ObjectionbySwedentothereservationsmadebyBangladesh,    @44Iraq,theLibyanArabJamahiriya,Lebanon,Malawi,Maldives, b  @44Mauritius,theNigerandThailanduponaccessionandBrazil, $V  @44Egypt,NewZealand,theRepublicofKoreaandTunisia󀀀   @,uponratification   I#[Original:English] ,^  I#[17March1986]    2 TheGovernmentofSwedenconsidersthat[thefollowingreservations]are 4f incompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposesoftheConvention(art.28,para.2), ( andthereforeobjectstothem:   2 -0  Thailandregardingarticle9,paragraph2,article15,paragraph3, <n andarticle16;0##  2 -0  Tunisiaregardingarticle9,paragraph2,article15,paragraph4,and  article16,paragraph1(c),(d),(f),(g)and(h);Dv##  2 -0  Bangladeshregardingarticle2,article13,subparagraph(a),and  article16,paragraph1(c)and(f);##  2 -0  Brazilregardingarticle15,paragraph4,andarticle16, @  paragraph1(a),(c),(g)and(h).!##  2 Indeedthereservationsinquestion,ifputintopractice,wouldinevitably T!# resultindiscriminationagainstwomenonthebasisofsex,whichiscontraryto "H$ everythingtheConventionstandsfor.Itshouldalsobeborneinmindthatthe " % principlesofequalrightsofmenandwomenandofnon-discriminationonthe #& basisofsexaresetforthintheCharteroftheUnitedNationsasoneofits \$' purposes,intheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsof1948andinvarious %P( multilateralinstruments,towhichThailand,TunisiaandBangladeshareparties. %)  2 TheGovernmentofSwedenfurthermorenotesthat,asamatterofprinciple, d' + thesameobjectioncouldbemadetothereservationsmadeby: &(X!,  2 -0  Egyptregardingarticle2,article9,paragraph2,andarticle16;)".##  2 -0  Mauritiusregardingarticle11,paragraph1(b)and(d),and .+`$0 article16,paragraph1(g);+"%1##  2 -0  Jamaicaregardingarticle9,paragraph2;t-&3## Ї 2 -0  RepublicofKorearegardingarticle9andarticle16,paragraph1(c),  (d),(f)and(g);##  2 -0  NewZealandinrespectoftheCookIslandsregardingarticle2,  F subparagraph(f),andarticle5,subparagraph(a). ##  2 Inthiscontext,theGovernmentofSwedenwishestotakethisopportunity Z  tomaketheobservationthatthereasonwhyreservationsincompatiblewiththe  N objectandpurposeofatreatyarenotacceptableispreciselythatotherwise   theywouldrenderabasicinternationalobligationofacontractualnature    meaningless.Incompatiblereservations,madeinallformsofdiscrimination b  againstwomen,donotonlycastdoubtsonthecommitmentsofthereserving $V  StatestotheobjectsandpurposeofthisConvention,but,moreover,contribute   tounderminingthebasisofinternationalcontractuallaw.Itisinthecommon   interestofStatesthattreatiestowhichtheyhavechosentobecomeparties j  alsoarerespected,astoobjectandpurpose,byotherparties. ,^   2 [Subsequently,theSecretaryGeneralreceivedfromtheGovernmentof   Sweden,onthedatesindicatedbelow,objectionsofthesamenatureastheones r  abovewithregardtothereservationsmadebythefollowingStates:] 4f  2 -0  12March1987:WithregardtothereservationsmadebyIraqto  article2,subparagraphs(f)and(g),article9,paragraph1,and z article16;<n##  2 -0  15April1988:WithregardtothefirstreservationsmadebyMalawi;##  2 -0  25May1990:WithregardtothereservationmadebytheLibyanArab Dv Jamahiriya;8##  2 -0  5February1993:WithregardtothereservationsmadebyJordanin  respectofarticle9,paragraph2,article15,paragraph4,the L~ wordingonarticle16,paragraphs1(c),(d)and(g);@ ##  2 -0  26October1994:WithregardtothereservationsmadebyMaldives  " uponaccession.TheGovernmentofSwedenobjectstothese T!# reservationsandconsidersthattheyconstituteanobstacletothe "H$ entryintoforceoftheConventionbetweenSwedenandtheRepublicof " % Maldives;#&##  2 0  27January1998:WithregardtothereservationsmadebyLebanonupon %P( accession;%)##  2 0  27April2000:Withregardtothereservationstoarticles2,5,15 d' + and16madebyNigeruponaccession.&(X!,##   )". & N  @N N !ObjectionbySwedentothereservations  @BB&madebyKuwaituponaccession  I#[Original:English]  F I#[17January1996]   'Na 2 TheGovernmentofSwedenhasexaminedthecontentofthefollowing  N reservationsmadebytheGovernmentofKuwaituponaccessiontothesaid   Convention.    1. 2 Article7(a) $V   2 TheGovernmentofKuwaitentersareservationregardingarticle7(a),   inasmuchastheprovisioncontainedinthatparagraphconflictswiththeKuwait j  ElectoralAct,underwhichtherighttobeeligibleforelectionandtovoteis ,^  restrictedtomales.   &  2. 2 Article9,paragraph2 r   2 TheGovernmentofKuwaitreservesitsrightnottoimplementtheprovision ( 'rJecontainedinarticle9,paragraph2,oftheConvention,inasmuchasitruns  countertotheKuwaitNationalityAct,whichstipulatesthatachild's z nationalityshallbedeterminedbythatofhisfather. <n &  3. 2 Article16,paragraph(f)   2 TheGovernmentoftheStateofKuwaitdeclaresthatitdoesnotconsider Dv 'gitselfboundbytheprovisionscontainedinarticle16,paragraph1(f)inasmuch 8 asitconflictswiththeprovisionoftheIslamicShariah,Islambeingthe  officialreligionoftheState.   2 TheSwedishGovernmentconsidersthatthereservationsmadebyKuwaitare @  incompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConvention.Accordingto ! article28,paragraph2,reservationsincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurpose  " oftheConventionshallnotbepermitted. T!#  2 ByaccedingtotheConvention,aStatecommitsitselftoadoptthemeasures " % requiredfortheeliminationofdiscrimination,inallitsformsand #& manifestations,againstwomen.IfthereservationsmadebyKuwaitwereto \$' apply,theywouldinevitablyhavetheeffectofdiscriminationagainstwomenon %P( groundsofsex. %)  2 InthiscontexttheSwedishGovernmentwishestomaketheobservationthat d' + reservationsincompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeofatreatynotonlycast &(X!, doubtsonthecommitmentsofthereservingState,butmoreovercontributeto ("- underminingthebasisofinternationallaw.Itisinthecommoninterestof )". Statesthattreatiestowhichtheyhavechosentobecomepartiesalsoare l*#/ respected,astoobjectandpurpose,byotherpartiesandtheStatesare .+`$0 preparedtoundertakelegislativechangesnecessarytocomplywithsuch +"%1 treaties. ,%2  t-&3  2 InviewoftheabovetheGovernmentofSwedenobjectstotheabove  mentionedreservationsmadebytheGovernmentofKuwaittotheConvention.  @ ObjectionbySwedentothereservationsmadeby   @ "PakistanandSingaporeuponaccession   I#[Original:English]  N I#[13August1997]     2 TheGovernmentofSwedenisoftheviewthatthegeneralreservations[made $V  bySingapore]raisedoubtsastothecommunicationofSingaporetotheobject   andpurposeoftheConventionandwouldrecallthat,accordingtoarticle28,   paragraph2,oftheConvention,areservationincompatiblewiththeobjectand j  purposeoftheConventionshallnotbepermitted. ,^   2 ItisinthecommoninterestofStatesthattreatiestowhichtheyhave   chosentobecomepartiesarerespected,astotheirobjectandpurpose,byall r  partiesandthatStatesarepreparedtoundertakeanylegislativechanges 4f necessarytocomplywiththeirobligationsunderthetreaties. (  2 TheGovernmentofSwedenisfurtheroftheviewthatgeneralreservations z ofthekindmadebytheGovernmentofSingapore,whichdonotclearlyspecify <n theprovisionsoftheConventiontowhichtheyapplyandtheextentofthe 0 derogationtherefrom,contributetounderminingthebasisinternationaltreaty  law.   2 TheGovernmentofSwedenthereforeobjectstotheaforesaidgeneral 8 reservationsmadebytheGovernmentofSingaporetothe[saidConvention].   2 ThisobjectiondoesnotprecludetheentryintoforceoftheConvention L~ betweenSingaporeandSweden.TheConventionwillthusbecomeoperativebetween @  thetwoStateswithoutSingaporebenefitingfromthesereservations. !  2 ItistheopinionoftheGovernmentofSwedenthatnotimeappliesto T!# objectionsagainstreservations,whichareinadmissibleunderinternational "H$ laws. " % I#[Original:English] \$' I#[13August1997] %)  2 WithregardtothereservationsmadebyPakistanuponaccession: d' + @[Sameobjection,mutatismutandis,astheonemadeforSingapore.] ("-   l*#/ &     @. . D.Notificationsofwithdrawalofcertainreservations  @/Bangladesh R  2 On23July1997,theGovernmentofBangladeshnotifiedtheSecretary   'yGeneralofitsdecisiontowithdrawitsreservationswithregardto   articles13(a)and16,paragraph1(f),oftheConvention,whichithadmade Z  uponratificationoftheConvention.  N @N N !Belarus,RussianFederationandUkraine b   2 Incommunicationsreceivedon8Marchand19and20April1989,   respectively,theGovernmentsoftheUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics,the   BelorussianSovietSocialistRepublicandtheUkrainianSocialistRepublic j  notifiedtheSecretaryGeneralthattheyhaddecidedtowithdrawthe ,^  reservationsmadeupontheirratificationrelatingtoarticle29,paragraph1.   Thereservationswereidenticalinessence,mutatismutandis,tothereservation   madebytheUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics. r  @1Belgium   2 Inacommunicationreceivedon14September1998,theGovernmentofBelgium <n informedtheSecretaryGeneralthatithaddecidedtowithdrawitsreservation 0 withrespecttoarticle7madeuponratification.  @1Brazil 8  2 On20December1994,theGovernmentofBrazilnotifiedtheSecretary  Generalthatithaddecidedtowithdrawitsreservationmadeuponsignatureand L~ confirmeduponratificationtoarticle15,paragraph4,andtoarticle16, @  paragraph1(a),(c),(g)and(h),oftheConvention. ! &  @\\0Bulgaria "H$  2 On24June1992,theGovernmentofBulgarianotifiedtheSecretaryGeneral #& itsdecisiontowithdrawthereservationtoarticle29,paragraph1,ofthe \$' Convention,madeuponsignatureandconfirmeduponratification. %P( '"@1Canada d' +  2 On28May1992,theGovernmentofCanadanotifiedtheSecretaryGeneralof ("- itsdecisiontowithdrawthedeclarationrelatingtoarticle11, )". paragraph1(d),oftheConventionmadeuponratification. l*#/   +"%1 &     @00-CzechRepublic   2 TheGovernmentofCzechoslovakiasignedandratifiedtheConventionon R 17July1980and16February1982,respectively,withareservation.  F 'քSubsequently,on26April1991,theGovernmentofCzechoslovakianotifiedthe   SecretaryGeneralofitsdecisiontowithdrawthereservationmadeupon   signatureandconfirmeduponratification. Z  @$$2Fiji     2 On24January2000,theGovernmentofFijinotifiedtheSecretaryGeneral $V  thatithaddecidedtowithdrawitsreservationswithrespecttoarticles5(a)   and9oftheConventionmadeuponaccession.   @1France    2 Inanotificationreceivedon26March1984,theGovernmentofFrance r  informedtheSecretaryGeneralofitsdecisiontowithdrawthereservationto 4f article7oftheConventionmadeuponratification.Thenotificationspecified ( thatthewithdrawalwaseffectedbecauseOrganicLawNo.83-1096of  20December1983hadabrogatedarticleLO128oftheelectoralcoderelatingto z temporarydisqualificationsofpersonswhohaveobtainedFrenchnationality. <n  2 Subsequently,inanotificationreceivedon21July1986,theGovernmentof  FranceinformedtheSecretaryGeneralthatithaddecidedtowithdrawits  reservationrelatingtoarticle15,paragraphs2and3,andarticle16, Dv paragraph1(c),(d)and(h)oftheConvention,madeuponratification.The 8 notificationspecifiedthatthewithdrawalwaseffectedbecausetheexisting  discriminatoryprovisionsagainstwomenintherulesgoverningpropertyrights  arisingoutofamatrimonialrelationshipandthoseconcerningthelegal L~ administrationofthepropertyofchildrenhadbeenabrogatedbyActNo.85-1372 @  of23December1985concerningequalityofspousesinrespectofpropertyrights ! arisingoutofamatrimonialrelationshipandequalityofparentsinrespectof  " thepropertyofminorchildren,whichenteredintoforceon1July1986. T!# @1Hungary #&  2 Inacommunicationreceivedon8December1989,theGovernmentofHungary %P( notifiedtheSecretaryGeneralthatithaddecidedtowithdrawthereservation %) inrespectofarticle29,paragraph1,madeuponratification. &* &  @1Ireland ("-  2 On19December1986and24March2000,theGovernmentofIrelandnotified l*#/ theSecretaryGeneralthatithasdecidedtowithdrawitsreservations,made'(` .+`$0 uponaccession,toarticle9,paragraph1,article11,paragraph1,article13, +"%1 subparagraph(a),andarticle15,paragraphs3and4. ,%2  t-&3 Ї&  @1Jamaica   2 On8September1995,theGovernmentofJamaicanotifiedtheSecretary R Generalofitsdecisiontowithdrawitsreservationwithregardtoarticle9,  F 'Dparagraph2,oftheConvention,whichithadmadeuponratification.   &  @*LibyanArabRepublic  N  2 On5July1995,theGovernmentoftheSocialistPeople'sLibyanRepublic    notifiedtheSecretaryGeneralofthe"newformulationofitsreservationtothe'  b  Convention,whichreplacestheformulationcontainedintheinstrumentof $V  accession"whichreadasfollows:   0 2   "[Accession]issubjecttothegeneralreservationthatsuchaccession j  cannotconflictwiththelawsonpersonalstatusdeliveredfromIslamic ,^  Shariah." 2#2# @bb.&  Liechtenstein 4f  2 On3October1996,theGovernmentofLiechtensteinnotifiedtheSecretary  Generalthatithaddecidedtowithdrawthereservationconcerningarticle9,'4 z paragraph2,madeuponaccession,whereby:"ThePrincipalityofLiechtenstein <n reservestherighttoapplytheLiechtensteinlegislationaccordingtowhich 0 Liechtensteinnationalityisgrantedundercertainconditions."  @1&  Malawi 8  2 On24October1991,theGovernmentofMalawinotifiedtheSecretaryGeneral  ofitsdecisiontowithdrawthefollowingreservationsmadeuponaccession:'Ϙ L~ 0 2   "Owingtothedeeprootednatureofsometraditionalcustomsand ! practicesofMalawians,theGovernmentoftheRepublicofMalawishallnot,  " forthetimebeing,consideritselfboundbysuchoftheprovisionsofthe T!# Conventionasrequiredimmediateeradicationofsuchtraditionalcustoms "H$ andpractices." %2#2# 0 2   "WhiletheGovernmentoftheRepublicofMalawiacceptstheprinciples \$' ofarticle29,paragraph2,oftheConventionthisacceptanceshould %P( nonethelessbereadinconjunctionwith[its]declarationof %) 12December1966,concerningtherecognition,bytheGovernmentofthe &* RepublicofMalawi,ascompulsorythejurisdictionoftheinternational d' + justice,underarticle36,paragraph2,oftheStatuteoftheCourt."&(X!,2#2# &  @\\0Malaysia l*#/  2 On6February1998,theGovernmentofMalaysianotifiedtheSecretary +"%1 Generalthatithaddecidedtomodifyitsreservationmadeuponaccessionas'l*ϝ ,%2 follows: t-&3 Ї 2 Withrespecttoarticle5(a)oftheConvention,theGovernmentofMalaysia  declaresthattheprovisionissubjecttoShariahlawonthedivisionof  inheritedproperty. R  2 Withrespecttoarticle7(b)oftheConvention,theGovernmentofMalaysia   declaresthattheapplicationofsaidarticle7(b)shallnotaffectappointment   tocertainpublicofficesliketheMuftiShariahCourtJudges,andtheImam, Z  whichisinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheIslamicShariahlaw.  N  2 Withrespecttoarticle9,paragraph2,oftheConvention,theGovernment    ofMalaysiadeclaresthatundertheShariahlawandthelawsofMalaysiatheage b  limitformarriageforwomenissixteenandformeniseighteen. $V   2 Inkeepingwiththedepositorypracticefollowedinsimilarcases,the   SecretaryGeneralproposedtoreceivethemodificationinquestionfordeposit j  intheabsenceofanyobjectiononthepartofanycontractingStateeitherto ,^  thedeposititselfortotheprocedureenvisaged,withinaperiodof90days   fromthedateofitsnotification(21April1998),thatistosay,on   20July1998. r  &  @\\0Maldives   2 On29January1999,theGovernmentofMaldivesnotifiedtheSecretary <n Generalofamodificationofitsreservationmadeuponaccession.Inkeeping' 0 withthedepositorypracticesfollowedinsimilarcases,theSecretaryGeneral  proposedtoreceivethemodificationinquestionfordepositintheabsenceof  anyobjectiononthepartofanyofthecontractingStates,eithertothe Dv deposititselfortotheprocedureenvisaged,withinaperiodof90daysfrom 8 thedateofitsnotification(i.e.,25March1999).Noobjectionhavingbeen  received,themodificationwasacceptedfordepositupontheexpirationofthe  90daysperiod,thatistosayon23June1999.Thetextofthereservations L~ madeuponaccessionreadasfollows: @  0 2   "TheGovernmentoftheRepublicofMaldiveswillcomplywiththe  " provisionsoftheConvention,exceptthosewhichtheGovernmentmay T!# considercontradictorytotheprinciplesoftheIslamicShariahuponwhich "H$ thelawsandtraditionsofMaldivesisfounded." %2#2# 0 2   "Furthermore,theRepublicofMaldivesdoesnotseeitselfboundby \$' anyprovisionsoftheConventionwhichobligesittochangeits %P( Constitutionandlawsinanymanner."%)2#2# &  @**0Mauritius &(X!,  2 Inacommunicationreceivedon5May1998,theGovernmentofMauritius )". informedtheSecretaryGeneralthatithaddecidedtowithdrawitsreservations,'&(? l*#/ madeuponaccession,withregardtosubparagraphs(b)and(d)ofparagraph1of .+`$0 article11andsubparagraph(g)ofparagraph1ofarticle16. +"%1  t-&3 &  @\\0Mongolia   2 Inacommunicationreceivedon19July1990,theGovernmentofMongolia R notifiedtheSecretaryGeneralofitsdecisiontowithdrawthereservationmade'.  F uponratification,withrespecttoarticle29,paragraph1.   @/&  NewZealand  N  2 On13January1989,theSecretaryGeneralreceivedfromtheGovernmentof    NewZealandacommunicationnotifyinghimthat,afterconsultationwiththe'  b  GovernmentoftheCookIslandsandtheGovernmentofNiue,ithaddenouncedthe $V  Conventionconcerningtheemploymentofwomenonundergroundworkinminesof   allkinds(ILOConventionNo.45)on23June1987andthatinaccordancewith   article28,paragraph3,oftheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof j  DiscriminationagainstWomen,ithadwithdrawnthereservationmadeupon ,^  ratification,whichreadsasfollows:   0 2   "TheGovernmentofNewZealand,theGovernmentoftheCookIslandsand r  theGovernmentofNiuereservetheright,totheextenttheConventionis 4f inconsistentwiththeprovisionsoftheConventionconcerningthe ( employmentofwomenonundergroundworkinminesofallkinds(ILO  ConventionNo.45)whichwasratifiedbytheGovernmentofNewZealandon z 29March1938,toapplytheprovisionsofthelatter."<n2#2# @1&  Poland   2 On16October1997,theGovernmentofPolandnotifiedtheSecretaryGeneral 8 thatithaddecidedtowithdrawitsreservation,madeuponratification,with  regardtoarticle29,',Ԁparagraph1,oftheConvention.  &  @,RepublicofKorea !  2 On15Marchand24August1999,theGovernmentoftheRepublicofKorea T!# notifiedtheSecretaryGeneralofitsdecisiontowithdraw,witheffectasfrom "H$ thosedates,thereservationsmadeupon'Ԁratificationtotheextentthatthey " % applytosubparagraphs(c),(d)and(f)ofparagraph1ofarticle16andto #& article9,respectively. \$' @1Romania &* *882 882* 2 On2April1997,theGovernmentofRomanianotifiedtheSecretaryGeneral &(X!, thatithaddecidedtowithdrawitsreservationmadewithregardtoarticle29 ("- oftheConvention. )".   .+`$0 &   @\\0Thailand   2 On25January1991,theGovernmentofThailandnotifiedtheSecretary R Generalofitsdecisiontowithdrawthereservationsmadeuponaccessionto'Ԁthe  F extentthattheyapplytoarticle11,paragraph1(b),andarticle15,   paragraph3.    2 Subsequently,on26October1992,theGovernmentofThailandnotifiedthe  N SecretaryGeneralofitsdecisiontowithdrawoneofthereservationsmadeupon   accessiontotheConvention,i.e.,thatrelatingtoarticle9,paragraph2,    whichreservationreadasfollows: b  &  0 2   "2.  Withregardtoarticle9,paragraph2,[...]theRoyalThai   Governmentconsidersthattheapplicationofthesaidprovisionsshallbe   subjecttothelimitsandcriteriaestablishedbynationallaw,regulations j  andpractices.",^ 2#2# '% 2 Subsequently,on1August1996,theGovernmentofThailandnotifiedthe   SecretaryGeneralofitsdecisiontowithdraw,asfromthesamedate,the r  followingreservation,madeuponaccession: 4f 0 2   "1.  Inallmatterswhichconcernnationalsecurity,maintenanceof  publicorderandserviceoremploymentinthemilitaryorparamilitary z forces,theRoyalThaiGovernmentreservesitsrighttoapplythe <n provisionsoftheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof 0 DiscriminationagainstWomen,inparticulararticles7and10,onlywithin  thelimitsestablishedbynationallaws,regulationsandpractices."2#2# &  @1Turkey   2 On20September1999,theGovernmentoftheRepublicofTurkeynotifiedthe L~ SecretaryGeneralthatithaddecidedtowithdrawitsreservationsmadeupon' @  signatureandconfirmeduponratificationoftheConventionwithregardto ! article15,paragraphs2and4,andarticle16,paragraphs1(c),(d),(f)and  " (g),andthatthereservationanddeclarationmadeuponsignatureandconfirmed T!# uponratificationbytheGovernmentofTurkeywithrespecttoarticle29, "H$ paragraph1,andarticle9,paragraph1oftheConvention,respectively, " % continuedtoapply. #& &  @ UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland %)  2 On4January1995,theGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritain d' + andNorthernIrelandnotifiedtheSecretaryGeneralthatithaddecidedto &(X!, withdraw'%Ԁthefollowingdeclarationandreservations,madeuponratification: ("- 0 2   "...TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritaindeclaresthat,intheevent l*#/ ofaconflictbetweenobligationsunderthepresentConventionandits .+`$0 obligationsundertheConventionconcerningtheemploymentofwomenon +"%1 undergroundworkinminesofallkinds(ILOConventionNo.45),the ,%2 provisionsofthelastmentionedConventionshallprevail.t-&32#2# Ї0 2   "Article132#2# 0 2   "TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainreservestheright, R notwithstandingtheobligationsundertakeninarticle13,oranyother  F relevantarticleoftheConvention,tocontinuetoapplytheincometaxand   capitalgainstaxlegislationwhich: 2#2# 0 2 "(i)0 2#2#Deemsforincometaxpurposestheincomeofamarriedwoman  N livingwithherhusbandinayear,orpartofayear,of   assessmenttobeherhusband'sincomeandnottobeherincome    (subjecttotherightofthehusbandandthewifetoelect b  jointlythatthewife'searnedincomeshallbechargedtoincome $V  taxasifshewereasinglewomanwithnootherincome);and  # # ' 882 882'0 2 "(ii)0 2#2#Requirestaxinrespectofsuchincomeandofchargeablegains j  accruingtosuchamarriedwomantobeassessedonherhusband ,^  (subjecttotherightofeitherofthemtoapplyforseparate   assessment)andconsequently(ifnosuchapplicationismade)   restrictstoherhusbandtherighttoappealagainstanysuch r  assessmentandtobeheardortoberepresentedatthehearingof 4f anysuchappeal;and( # # 0 2 "(iii)0 2#2#Entitlesamanwhohashiswifelivingwithhim,orwhosewifeis z whollymaintainedbyhim,duringtheyearofassessmenttoa <n deductionfromhistotalincomeofanamountlargerthanthatto 0 whichanindividualinanyothercaseisentitledandentitlesan  individualwhosetotalincomeincludesanyearnedincomeofhis  wifetohavethatdeductionincreasedbytheamountofthat Dv earnedincomeorbyanamountspecifiedinthelegislation 8 whicheveristheless." # #  2 Further,on22March1996,theGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomnotified L~ theSecretaryGeneralthatithaddecidedtowithdrawthefollowingreservations @  anddeclarationsmadeuponratification: ! '882  882'0 2   "...TheUnitedKingdomreservestherighttoregardtheprovisionsof T!# theSexDiscriminationAct1975,theEmploymentProtection(Consolidation) "H$ Act1978,theEmploymentAct1980,theSexDiscrimination(Northern " % Ireland)Order1976,theIndustrialRelations(No.2)(NorthernIreland) #& Order1976,theIndustrialRelations(NorthernIreland)Order1982,the \$' EqualPayAct1970(asamended),includingtheexceptionsandexemptions %P( containedinanyoftheseactsandorders,asconstitutingappropriate %) measuresforthepracticalrealisationoftheobjectivesoftheConvention &* inthesocialeconomiccircumstancesoftheUnitedKingdom,andtocontinue d' + toapplytheseprovisionsaccordingly;thisreservationwillapplyequally &(X!, toanyfuturelegislationwhichmaymodifyorreplacetheaboveactsand ("- ordersontheunderstandingthatthetermsofsuchlegislationwillbe )". compatiblewiththeUnitedKingdom'sobligationsundertheConvention.l*#/2#2#   .+`$0 &    2 0  "Article1 # # 0 2   "WithreferencetotheprovisionsoftheSexDiscriminationAct1975 R andotherapplicablelegislation,theUnitedKingdom'sacceptanceof  F article1'Ԁissubjecttothereservationthatthephrase`irrespectiveof   theirmaritalstatus'shallnotbetakentorenderdiscriminatoryany   differenceoftreatmentaccordedtosinglepersonsasagainstmarried Z  persons,solongasthereisequalityoftreatmentasbetweenmarriedmen  N andmarriedwomenandasbetweensinglemenandsinglewomen. 2#2#  2   "Article2 b  0 2   "Inthelightofthesubstantialprogressalreadyachievedinthe   UnitedKingdominpromotingtheprogressiveeliminationofdiscrimination   againstwomen,theUnitedKingdomreservestheright,withoutprejudiceto j  theotherreservationsmadebytheUnitedKingdom,togiveeffectto ,^  paragraphs(f)and(g)bykeepingunderreviewsuchofitslawsand   regulationsasmaystillembodysignificantdifferencesintreatment   betweenmenandwomenwithaviewtomakingchangestothoselawsand r  regulationswhentodosowouldbecompatiblewithessentialandoverriding 4f considerationsofeconomicpolicy.Inrelationtoformsofdiscrimination ( morepreciselyprohibitedbyotherprovisionsoftheConvention,the  obligationunderthisarticlemust(inthecaseoftheUnitedKingdom)be z readinconjunctionwiththeotherreservationsanddeclarationsmadein <n respectofthoseprovisionsincludingthedeclarationsandreservationsof 0 theUnitedKingdomcontainedinparagraphs(a)-(d)above.2#2# 0 2   "Withregardtoparagraphs(f)and(g)ofthisarticletheUnited Dv Kingdomreservestherighttocontinuetoapplyitslawrelatingtosexual 8 offencesandprostitution;thisreservationwillapplyequallytoany  futurelawwhichmaymodifyorreplaceit.2#2# & F  2   "Article9 @  'Fy0 2   "TheUnitedKingdomreservestherighttotakesuchstepsasmaybe  " necessarytocomplywithitsobligationsunderarticle2oftheFirst T!# ProtocoltotheConventionfortheProtectionofHumanRightsand "H$ FundamentalFreedomssignedatParison20March1952anditsobligations " % underparagraph3ofArticle13oftheInternationalCovenantonEconomic, #& SocialandCulturalRightsopenedforsignatureatNewYorkon \$' 19December1966,totheextentthatthesaidprovisionspreservethe %P( freedomofparentalchoiceinrespectoftheeducationofchildren;and %) reservesalsotherightnottotakeanymeasureswhichmayconflictwith &* itsobligationunderparagraph4ofarticle13ofthesaidCovenantnotto d' + interferewiththelibertyofindividualsandbodiestoestablishand &(X!, directeducationalinstitutions,subjecttotheobservationofcertain ("- principlesandstandards.)".2#2# 0 2   "Moreover,theUnitedKingdomcanonlyaccepttheobligationsunder .+`$0 paragraph(c)ofarticle10withinthelimitsofthestatutorypowersof +"%1 centralGovernment,inthelightofthefactthattheteachingcurriculum, ,%2 theprovisionoftextbooksandteachingmethodsarereservedforlocal t-&3 controlandarenotsubjecttocentralGovernmentdirection;moreover,the  acceptanceoftheobjectiveofencouragingcoeducationiswithoutprejudice  totherightoftheUnitedKingdomalsotoencourageothertypesof R education. F2#2#  2   "Article11   0 2   "TheUnitedKingdominterpretsthe`righttowork'referredtoin  N paragraph1(a)asareferencetothe`righttowork'asdefinedinother   humanrightsinstrumentstowhichtheUnitedKingdomisaparty,notably    article6oftheInternationalCovenantonEconomic,SocialandCultural b  Rightsof19December1966.$V 2#2# 0 2   "TheUnitedKingdominterpretsparagraph1ofarticle11,inthelight   oftheprovisionsofparagraph2ofarticle4,asnotprecluding j  prohibitions,restrictionsorconditionsontheemploymentofwomenin ,^  certainareas,orontheworkdonebythem,wherethisisconsidered   necessaryordesirabletoprotectthehealthandsafetyofwomenorthe   humanfoetus,includingsuchprohibitions,restrictionsorconditions r  imposedinconsequenceofotherinternationalobligationsoftheUnited 4f Kingdom;(2#2# 0 2   "...z2#2# 0 2   "TheUnitedKingdomreservestherighttoapplythefollowing 0 provisionsofUnitedKingdomlegislationconcerningthebenefitsspecified:2#2# 0 2   "(a)  Socialsecuritybenefitsforpersonsengagedincaringfora Dv severelydisabledpersonundersection37oftheSocialSecurityAct1975 8 andsection37oftheSocialSecurity(NorthernIreland)Act1975;2#2# 0 2   "...L~2#2# 0 2   "(c)  Retirementpensionsandsurvivors'benefitsundertheSocial ! SecurityActsof1975to1982andtheSocialSecurity(NorthernIreland)  " Acts1975to1982;T!#2#2# 0 2   "(d)  FamilyincomesupplementsundertheFamilyIncomeSupplementsAct " % 1970andtheFamilyIncomeSupplementsAct(NorthernIreland)1971.#&2#2# &  0 2   "Thisreservationwillapplyequallytoanyfuturelegislationwhich %P( maymodifyorreplaceanyoftheprovisionsspecifiedinsubparagraphs(a) %) to(d)above,ontheunderstandingthatthetermsofsuchlegislationwill &* '%SbecompatiblewiththeUnitedKingdom'sobligationsundertheConvention.d' +2#2# 0 2   "...("-2#2# &   2   "Article15 l*#/ 0 2   "Inrelationtoarticle15,paragraph2,theUnitedKingdom +"%1 understandstheterm`legalcapacity'asreferringmerelytotheexistence ,%2 ofa'l*FԀseparateanddistinctlegalpersonality.t-&32#2# Ї0 2   "...2#2#  2   "Article16 R 0 2   "... 2#2# 0 2   "TheUnitedKingdom'sacceptanceofparagraph1ofarticle16shall Z  notbetreatedaseitherlimitingthefreedomofapersontodisposeofhis  N propertyashewishesorasgivingapersonarighttopropertythesubject   ofsuchalimitation."  2#2#  2 Bythesamecommunication,theGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomalso $V  informedtheSecretaryGeneralfortheavoidanceofdoubt,thatthedeclarations   andreservationsenteredinrespectofthedependentterritoriesonbehalfof   whichtheConventionwasalsoratifiedon7April1986continuetoapply,but j  areunderactivereview. ,^  ̀E.Acceptanceoftheamendmenttoarticle20,paragraph1,of r  󀀀theConvention 4f  2 Asat1July2000,23StatespartieshaddepositedwiththeSecretary  Generalinstrumentsoftheacceptanceoftheamendmenttoarticle20, z paragraph1,oftheConvention(seeannexIIIforalistofStatespartiesthat <n haveacceptedtheamendmentofart.20,para.1). 0 ̀F.StatespartiesthathavesignedandratifiedtheOptional Dv 󀀀ProtocoltotheConvention 8  2 TheOptionalProtocolwasadoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyinitsresolution  54/4of6October1999.Inaccordancewithitsarticle15(i),theOptional L~ Protocolwasopenedforsignature,ratificationandaccessionattheUnited @  NationsHeadquartersinNewYork,on10December1999.Asof1July2000, ! 5Statespartieshadratifiedand43StatespartieshadsignedtheOptional  " Protocol(seeannexIV). T!# @ G.CommunicationsreceivedbytheSecretaryGeneral #& @" " ChinaandtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritain %P( @*andNorthernIreland %)  2 On10June1997,theGovernmentsofChinaandtheUnitedKingdomofGreat d' + BritainandNorthernIrelandnotifiedtheSecretaryGeneralofthefollowing: &(X!, (1) 2 ThereservationmadebytheGovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinato )". paragraph1ofarticle29oftheConventionwillalsoapplytotheHongKong l*#/ SpecialAdministrativeRegion. .+`$0 (2) 2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaunderstands,onbehalfof ,%2 theHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,themainpurposeoftheConvention, t-&3 inthelightofthedefinitioncontainedinarticle1,tobethereduction,in  accordancewithitsterms,ofdiscriminationagainstwomen,anddoesnot  thereforeregardtheConventionasimposinganyrequirementupontheHongKong R SpecialAdministrativeRegiontorepealormodifyanyofitsexistinglaws,  F regulations,customsorpracticeswhichprovidesforwomentobetreatedmore   favourablythanmen,whethertemporaryorinthelongerterm.Undertakingsby   theGovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonbehalfoftheHongKong Z  SpecialAdministrativeRegionunderarticle4,paragraph1,andotherprovisions  N oftheConventionaretobeconstruedaccordingly.   (3) 2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinareserves,fortheHong b  KongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,therighttocontinuetoapplyrelevant $V  immigrationlegislationgoverningtheentryinto,stayinanddeparturefrom   HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionasmaybedeemednecessaryfromtimeto   time.Accordingly,acceptanceofarticle15,paragraph4,andofother j  provisionsoftheConventionissubjecttotheprovisionsofanysuch ,^  legislationasregardspersonsnotatthetimehavingtherightunderthelaws   oftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegiontoenterandremainintheHong   KongSpecialAdministrativeRegion. r  (4) 2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaunderstands,inthelight ( ofthedefinitioninarticle1,thatnoneofitsobligationsunderthe  Conventionshallbetreatedasextendingtotheaffairsofreligious z denominationsorordersintheHongKongAdministrativeRegion. <n (5) 2 LawsapplicableintheNewTerritoriesoftheHongKongSpecial  AdministrativeRegionwhichenablemaleindigenousvillagerstoexercisecertain  rightsinrespectofpropertyandwhichprovideforrentconcessionsinrespect Dv oflandorpropertyheldbyindigenouspersonsortheirlawfulsuccessors 8 throughthemalelinewillcontinueto[be]applied.  (6) 2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinareserves,fortheHong L~ KongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,therighttoapplyallitslegislationand @  therulesofpensionschemesaffectingretirementpensions,survivors'benefit ! inrelationtowhetherornotderivedfromasocialsecurityscheme.  "  2 Thisreservationwillapplytoanyfuturelegislationwhichmaymodifyor "H$ replacesuchaforesaidlegislation,ortherulesofpensionschemes,onthe " % understandingthatthetermsofsuchlegislationwillbecompatiblewiththe #& GovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina'sobligationsundertheConvention \$' inrespectoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion. %P(  2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinareservestherightsfor &* theHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegiontoapplyanynon-discriminatory d' + requirementoraqualifyingperiodofemploymentfortheapplicationofthe &(X!, provisionscontainedinarticle11,paragraph2,oftheConvention. ("- (7) 2 TheGovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaunderstands,onbehalfof l*#/ theHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,theintentionofarticle15, .+`$0 paragraph3,oftheConventiontobethatonlythosetermsorelementsofthe +"%1  contractorotherprivateinstrumentwhicharediscriminatoryinthesense ,%2 describedaretobedeemednullandvoid,butnotnecessarilythecontractor  instrumentasawhole.   &  @1Israel    2 On12December1986,theSecretaryGeneralreceivedfromtheGovernmentof Z  Israelthefollowingobjection:'   N 0 2   "...IntheviewoftheGovernmentoftheStateofIsrael,such    declarationwhichisexplicitlyofapoliticalcharacterisincompatible b  withthepurposesandobjectivesoftheConventionandcannotinanyway $V  affectwhateverobligationsarebindinguponIraqundergeneral   internationallaworunderparticularConventions. 2#2# 0 2   "TheGovernmentoftheStateofIsraelwill,insofarasconcernsthe ,^  substanceofthematter,adopttowardsIraqanattitudeofcomplete   reciprocity." 2#2# @\\0Portugal ( & F  2 On27April1999,theGovernmentofPortugalinformedtheSecretaryGeneral z thattheConventionwouldapplytoMacau.'F <n  2 Subsequently,theSecretaryGeneralreceivedthefollowingcommunications:  0 2   "On19October1999:InaccordancewiththeJointDeclarationofthe Dv GovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaandtheGovernmentofthe 8 RepublicofPortugalonthequestionsofMacau(hereinafterreferredtoas  theJointDeclaration),theGovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina  willresumetheexerciseofsovereigntyoverMacauwitheffectfrom L~ 20December1999.Macauwill,fromthatdate,becomeaSpecial @  AdministrativeRegioninforeignanddefenceaffairs,whicharethe ! responsibilitiesoftheCentralPeople'sGovernmentofthePeople's  " RepublicofChina."T!#2#2#  2 Inthisconnection,theGovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina " % informedtheSecretaryGeneralofthefollowing: #& 0 2   "TheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscrimination %P( againstWomen(hereinafterreferredtoasthe`Convention'),towhichthe %) GovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinadepositedtheinstrumentof &* ratificationon4November1980,willapplytotheMacauSpecial d' + AdministrativeRegionwitheffectfrom20December1999.TheGovernmentof &(X!, thePeople'sRepublicofChinaalsowishestomakethefollowing ("- declaration:)".2#2# 0 2   "ThereservationmadebytheGovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicof .+`$0 Chinatoparagraph1ofarticle29oftheConventionwillalsoapplytothe +"%1 MacauSpecialAdministrativeRegion.,%22#2#  t-&3 0 2   "TheGovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinawillassume  responsibilitiesfortheinternationalrightsandobligationsarisingfrom  theapplicationoftheConventiontotheMacauSpecialAdministrative R Region." F2#2#  2   Portugal,on21October1999,informedtheSecretaryGeneralthat:   0 2   "inaccordancewiththeJointDeclarationoftheGovernmentofthe  N PortugueseRepublicandtheGovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaon   thequestionofMacausignedon13April1987,thePortugueseRepublicwill    continuetohaveinternationalresponsibilityforMacauuntil b  19December1999,andfromthatdateonwardsthePeople'sRepublicofChina $V  willresumetheexerciseofsovereigntyoverMacauwitheffectfrom   20December1999.From20December1999onwardsthePortugueseRepublic   willceasetoberesponsiblefortheinternationalrightsandobligations j  arisingfromtheapplicationoftheConventiontoMacau.",^ 2#2# &  @/NewZealand r   2 Theinstrumentofratificationindicatesthatinaccordancewiththe ( specialrelationshipsthatexistbetweenNewZealandandtheCookIslandsand'rp#  betweenNewZealandandNiue,therehavebeenconsultationsregardingthe z ConventionbetweentheGovernmentofNewZealandandtheGovernmentoftheCook <n IslandsandbetweentheGovernmentofNewZealandandtheGovernmentofNiue; 0 thattheGovernmentoftheCookIslands,whichhasexclusivecompetenceto  implementtreatiesintheCookIslands,hasrequestedthattheConventionshould  extendtotheCookIslands;thattheGovernmentofNiue,whichhasexclusive Dv competencetoimplementtreatiesinNiue,hasrequestedthattheConvention 8 shouldextendtoNiue.Thesaidinstrumentspecifiesthataccordinglythe  ConventionshallapplyalsototheCookIslandsandNiue.  @44UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,Isle󀀈 ! @44ofMan,BritishVirginIslands,FalklandIslands(Malvinas),  " @44SouthGeorgiaandSouthSandwichIslandsandTurksand󀀀 T!# @00-CaicosIslands "H$  2 TheinstrumentofratificationspecifiesthatthesaidConventionis #& ratifiedinrespectoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland, \$' theIsleofMan,theBritishVirginIslands,theFalklandIslands(Malvinas), %P( SouthGeorgiaandtheSouthSandwichIslandsandtheTurksandCaicosIslands. %)  2 Inthisconnection,on4April1989,theSecretaryGeneralreceivedfrom d' + theGovernmentofArgentinaanobjection,identicalinessence,mutatis &(X!, mutandis,astheonemadeinthisregard,on3October1983,however,also ("- referringtoGeneralAssemblyresolutions40/41,42/19and43/25. )".  2 Subsequently,on27November1989,theSecretaryGeneralreceivedfromthe .+`$0 GovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelanda +"%1 communication,identicalinessence,mutatismutandis,astheonemadeinthis ,%2 regard. t-&3  2    2 Further,on14October1966,theSecretaryGeneralreceivedfromthe  GovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomacommunicationstatingthatithaddecidedto R applytheConventiontoHongKong,subjecttothefollowingreservationsand  F declarations.   &  0 2 0 2#2#"GeneralZ  # # -882  882 -̀"(a)0  TheUnitedKingdomonbehalfofHongKongunderstandsthemainpurpose   oftheConvention,inthelightofthedefinitioncontainedin'Z /    article1,tothereduction,inaccordancewithitsterms,of b  discriminationagainstwomen,anddoesnotthereforeregardthe $V  Conventionasimposinganyrequirementtorepealormodifyany   existinglaws,customsorpracticeswhichprovideforwomentobe   treatedmorefavourablythanmen,whethertemporarilyorinthelonger j  term.UndertakingsbytheUnitedKingdomonbehalfofHongKongunder ,^  article4,paragraph1,andotherprovisionsoftheconventionareto   beconstruedaccordingly. ## ̀"(b)0  Therighttocontinuetoapplysuchimmigrationlegislationgoverning 4f entryinto,stayinanddeparturefromHongKongasmaybedeemed ( necessaryfromtimetotimeisreservedbytheUnitedKingdomon  behalfofHongKong.Accordingly,acceptanceofarticle15(4),and z ofotherprovisionsoftheConvention,issubjecttotheprovisionsof <n anysuchlegislationasregardspersonsnotatthetimehavingthe 0 rightunderthelawofHongKongtoenterandremaininHongKong.## ̀"(c)0  Inthelightofthedefinitioncontainedinarticle1,theUnited Dv Kingdom'sextensionofitsratificationtoHongKongissubjecttothe 8 understandingthatoneofitsobligationsundertheConventioninHong  Kongshallbetreatedasextendingtotheaffairsofreligious  denominationsororders.L~## ̀"(d)0  LawsapplicableintheNewTerritorieswhichenablemaleindigenous ! villagestoexercisecertainrightsinrespectoflandorproperty  " heldbyindigenouspersonsortheirlawfulsuccessorsthroughthemale T!# linewillcontinuetobeapplied."H$## &  0 2 02#2#"Specificarticles#&## 0 2 02#2#"Article9%P(## 0 2   "The'#8BritishNationalityAct1981,whichwasbroughtintoforcewith &* effectfromJanuary1983,isbasedonprincipleswhichdonotallowofany d' + discriminationagainstwomenwithinthemeaningofarticle1asregards &(X!, acquisition,change,orretentionoftheirnationalityorasregardsthe ("- nationalityoftheirchildren,theUnitedKingdom'sacceptanceofarticle9 )". onbehalfofHongKongshallnot,however,betakentoinvalidatethe l*#/ continuationofcertaintemporaryortransitionalprovisions,whichwill .+`$0 continueinforcebeyondthatdate.+"%12#2# 0 2 02#2#"Article11t-&3## Ї0 2   "TheUnitedKingdomonbehalfofHongKongreservestherighttoapply  allHongKonglegislationandtherulesofpensionschemesaffecting  retirementpensions,survivors'benefitsandotherbenefitsinrelationto R deathorretirement(includingretirementongroundsofredundancy)whether  F ornotdeliveredfromasocialsecurityscheme. 2#2# 0 2   "Thisreservationwillapplyequallytoanyfurtherlegislation,which Z  maymodifyorreplacesuchlegislation,ortherulesofpensionschemes,on  N theunderstandingthatthetermsofsuchlegislationwillbecompatible   withtheUnitedKingdom'sobligationsundertheConventioninrespectof    HongKong.b 2#2# 0 2   "TheUnitedKingdomonbehalfofHongKongreservestherighttoapply   anynon-discriminatoryrequirementforaqualifyingperiodofemployment   fortheapplicationoftheprovisionscontainedinarticle11(2).j 2#2# 0 2   "Article15 2#2# 0 2   "Inrelationtoarticle15,paragraph3,theUnitedKingdomonbehalf r  ofHongKongunderstandstheintentionofthisprovisiontobethatonly 4f thosetermsorelementsofacontractorotherprivateinstrumentwhichare ( discriminatoryinthesensedescribedaretobedeemednullandvoid,but  notnecessarilythecontractorinstrumentasawhole."z2#2#    @1AnnexI  @ STATUSOFDECLARATIONS,RESERVATIONS,OBJECTIONSAND  F @ NOTIFICATIONSOFWITHDRAWALOFRESERVATIONSBYSTATES   @" " PARTIESRELATEDTOARTICLESOFTHECONVENTION    +*pq ddx x x x x x gh8#8#,$$ , $$ ,J$$ ,$$ +  8rs' : : d 8Stateparty =tu,! "rs =Articlesforwhich    declarationsor > p  reservationshave    beenmade =vw,! "tu =Statesparties    thathave > p raised   objections =xy,!"vw =Articlesforwhich   reservationshave > p beenwithdrawn ND, " d xy xNAlgeria    2   9,para.2   15,para.4 4f  16   29    Germany   Netherlands   Norway/Sweden 4f  Portugal/   ЀDenmark     6,  x  7x6Argentina    29,para.1   !    "  6, # x 7 7x6Australia  $ 11,para.2(b)  %   &  6,' x 7 x6Austria  L( 7,para.(b) L) 11,para.1(f)  *   L+  6,L, x  Dx6Bahamas  (- 2,para.(a) (. 9,para.2 / 16,para.1(h) R0 29,para.1  21   (2  6,(3 x D Dx6Bangladesh  .`4 2  .`5 Germany .`6 Mexico 7 Netherlands 8 Sweden  8j9  6,.`: x D Dx6  f; 13,para.(a)  f< Germany f= Mexico F> Netherlands ? Sweden  p @ 13,para.(a) 6,fA x D Dx6  !B [16,para.1](c) !C [and(f)]  L"~D Germany !E Mexico L"~F Netherlands ",G Sweden  #H 16,para.1(f) 6,!I x D 7x6Belarus  $J [29,para.1]  $K   $L 29,para.1 6,$M x 7 x6Belgium  &6N 7 &6O 15,paras.2and3  &P   &6Q  6,&6R x  x6Brazil  '!S [15,para.4]  '!T Germany '!U Netherlands (!V Sweden  <)n"W 15,para.4 6,'!X x  x6  j*#Y [16,para.1(a),(c), j*#Z Ѐ(g)and(h)]  +J$[ Germany j*#\ Netherlands +J$] Sweden  +$^ 16,para.1(a), j*#_ Ѐ(c),(g)and(h) 6,+J$` x  7x6  ,&&a 29,para.1  ,&&b   ,&&c  6,,&&d x 7 7x6Bulgaria   x  [29,para.1]   x    x 29,para.1 6, x x 7 7x6Canada    [11,para.1(d)]        11,para.1(d) 6,  x 7 7x6Chile     Generaldeclaration           6,   x 7 7x6China  (  29,para.1  (   (  6,( x 7 7x6Cuba  V0 29,para.1  V0   V0  6,V0 x 7 7x6Cyprus  ^ 9,para.2  ^ Mexico  ^  6,^ x 7 x6Egypt   2   Germany  Netherlands `: Sweden    6, x  Dx6  <  9,para.2  <  Germany < ! Mexico  " Netherlands r # Sweden  F $  6,< % x D Dx6  tN & 16  tN ' Germany tN ( Mexico " ) Netherlands * Sweden  ~X+  6,tN , x D 7x6  - 29,para.1  . Mexico  /  6,0 x 7 7x6ElSalvador  1 29,para.1  2   3  6,4 x 7 7x6Ethiopia  5 29,para.1  6   7  6,8 x 7 7x6Fiji  69 5,para.(a),9  6: Netherlands  6; 5and9 6,6< x 7 Qx6France  d>= [7] d>> 14,para.2(c)and(h)  ? [15,paras.2and3]  @ [16,para.1(c),(d)and n!HA Ѐ(h)] "B 16,para.1(g) "C 29,para.1  x#RD   d>E 7 d>F 15,paras.2and3  H 16,para.1(c), n!HI Ѐ(d)and(h) 6,"J x Q x6Germany  $K Generaldeclaration: $L 7,para.(b)   T%.M   $N  6,$O x  7x6Hungary  &\P [29,para.1]  &\Q   &\R 29,para.1 6,&\S x 7 7x6India  'T 5,para.(a)  'U Netherlands  'V  6,'W x 7 7x6  (X 16,para.1  (Y Netherlands  (Z  6,([ x 7 7x6   *\ 16,para.2   *] Netherlands   *^  6, *_ x 7 7x6  :+!` 29,para.1  :+!a   :+!b  6,:+!c x 7 7x6Indonesia  h,B"d 29,para.1  h,B"e   h,B"f  6,h,B"g x 7 Dx6Iraq   x 2,paras.(f)and(g)   x Germany  x  Mexico L & Netherlands   Sweden     6, x x D 7x6    9,para.1     Sweden      6,   x 7 x6    9,paras.1and2    Germany  Israel  Mexico `: Netherlands  Sweden    6, x  Dx6   16   Germany  Mexico r  Netherlands F  Sweden     6, x D 7x6  "  29,para.1  "  Sweden  "   6,"  x 7 Qx6Ireland  P*  [9,para.1] P*  [11,para.1]  ! [13,para.(a)] " 13,paras.(b)and(c) Z4# 15,para.3 $ [15,para.4] % 16,paras.1(d)and(f)  d>&   P* ' 9,para.1 P* ( 11,para.1  ) 13,para.(a) * 15,para.4 6,- x Q x6Israel  l. 7,para.(b) l/ 16 @0 29,para.1  1   l2  6,l3 x  7x6Italy  4 Generalreservation  5   6  6,7 x 7 Dx6Jamaica  J $8 [9,para.2]  J $9 Germany J $: Mexico  ; Netherlands !< Sweden  T".= 9,para.2 6,J $> x D 7x6  #\? 29,para.1  #\@   #\A  6,#\B x 7 7x6Jordan  $C 9,para.2  $D Sweden  $E  6,$F x 7 7x6  %G 15,para.4  %H Sweden  %I  6,%J x 7 x6   'K 16,para.1(c),(d)and  'L Ѐ(g)  'M Sweden   'N  6, 'O x  Dx6Kuwait  (P 7,para.(a)  (Q Finland (R Netherlands )pS Norway D* T Sweden  * U  6,(V x D Dx6   x 9,para.2   x Finland  x Netherlands L & Norway    Sweden     6, x x D Dx6    16,para.1(f)     Finland    Netherlands ^  Norway 2   Sweden     6,  x D 7x6   29,para.1   Norway    6, x 7 Dx6Lebanon  < 9,para.2 < 16(1)(c),(d),(f)and  Ѐ(g) r  29,para.2  F  Austria < Denmark  Netherlands r  Sweden  F   6,< x D x6Lesotho  tN  2,para.(e)  tN  Denmark tN  Finland "  Germany  ! Mexico ~X " Netherlands ,# Norway  $  6,tN % x  Qx6LibyanArab & Jamahiriya  ' General  ( Denmark ) Finland * Germany d>+ Mexico , Netherlands - Norway nH. Sweden  /  6,0 x Q 7x6  J$1 2  J$2   J$3  6,J$4 x 7 7x6  x R5 16,para.1(c)and(d)  x R6   x R7  6,x R8 x 7 x6Liechtenstein  !9 1 !: [9,para.2]  T".;   !< 9,para.2 6,T".> x  x6Luxembourg  #\? 7 #\@ 16,para.1(g)  0$ A   #\B  6,#\C x  Dx6Malawi  ^%8D [5]  ^%8E Germany ^%8F Mexico  &G Netherlands &H Sweden  h'BI 5 6,^%8J x D 7x6  (pK [29,para.2]  (pL   (pM 29,para.2 6,(pN x 7 x6Malaysia  )O 2,para.(f) )P 5,para.(a) r*L Q 7,para.(b)  + R 9 +!S 16  |,V"T Denmark )U Finland r*L V France  + W Germany +!X Netherlands |,V"Y Norway  *-#Z  6,)[ x  x6Maldives   x  2   x Austria  x Canada L & Finland   Germany   Netherlands V 0 Norway  Portugal   Sweden  `:   6, x  x  Dx6Malta  h  11,para.1 h  13 < 15  16,para.1(e)  r   h  6,h x D Dx6Mauritius    11,para.1(b)and(d)    Germany   Mexico tN  Netherlands "  Sweden    11,para.1(b)and   Ѐ(d) tN  16,para.1(g) 6,  x D Dx6    16,para.1(g)    Germany   Mexico   Netherlands Z4! Sweden  "  6, # x D 7x6  6$ 29,para.1  6%   6&  6,6' x 7 7x6Mexico  d>( Generaldeclaration  d>)   d>*  6,d>+ x 7 7x6Mongolia  l, [29,para.1]  l-   l. 29,para.1 6,l/ x 7 7x6Morocco  0 2  1 Netherlands  2  6,3 x 7 7x6  4 9,para.2  5 Netherlands  6  6,7 x 7 7x6   8 15,para.4   9 Netherlands   :  6, ; x 7 7x6  J!$< 16  J!$= Netherlands  J!$>  6,J!$? x 7 7x6  x"R@ 29  x"RA   x"RB  6,x"RC x 7 7x6Myanmar  #D 29  #E   #F  6,#G x 7 7x6Netherlands  $H Generaldeclaration  $I   $J  6,$K x 7 x6NewZealand &L (CookIslands)  &M 2,para.(f)  &N Mexico &O Sweden  &P  6,&Q x  x6(CookIslands)  'R 5,para.(a)  'S Mexico 'T Sweden  (fU  6,'V x  x6(CookIslands )W andNiue)  h*B X 11,para.2(b)  )Y   )Z  6,)[ x  Qx6Niger   x 2,paras.(d)and(f)  x 5,para.(a) L & 15,para.(4)   16,para.1(c),(e)and     (g) V 0 29,para.1  5,para.(b)      x   6, x  x Q Qx6Pakistan    29,para.1    Austria   Denmark h Finland < Germany  Netherlands r Norway F  Portugal     6, x Q 7x6Poland  "  [29,para.1]  "    "  29,para.1 6,"  x 7 Dx6Republicof P*  Korea    9  P*  Germany P*  Mexico   Netherlands   Sweden  Z4 9 P*  16,para.1(c),  ! Ѐ(d)and(f) 6, " x D Dx6  b# 16,para.1[(c),(d) b$ Ѐand(f)](g)  6% Germany b& Mexico 6' Netherlands ( Sweden  l) 16,para.1(c), b* Ѐ(d)and(f) 6,6+ x D 7x6Romania  , [29,para.1]  -   . 29,para.1 6,/ x 7 x6Russian 0 Federation  v1 [29,para.1]  2   3 29,para.1 6,4 x  x6Singapore  5 2  6 Finland 7 Netherlands x R8 Norway  &!9  6,: x  Dx6  T".; 16  T".< Finland T".= Netherlands #> Norway #? Sweden  ^$8@  6,T".A x D x6  %fB 11,para.1  %fC Finland %fD Netherlands :&E Norway  &F  6,%fG x  x6  (H 29,para.1  (I Finland (J Netherlands (K Norway  r)LL  6,(M x  7x6Spain  *z N 7(declaration)  *z O   *z P  6,*z Q x 7 Dx6Switzerland   x 7(b)  x 15,para.2 L & 16,para.1(g)    16,para.1(h)       x  6, x x D 7x6Thailand    7     Germany      6,   x 7 Dx6    [9,para.2]    Germany  Mexico  Netherlands `: Sweden   9,para.2 6, x D x6  < 10  < Germany < Mexico    6,< x  7x6    [11,para.1(b)]    Germany    11,para.1(b) 6,  x 7 Dx6  F  [15,para.3]  F  Germany F  Mexico   Netherlands |  Sweden  P* ! 15,para.3 6,F " x D Dx6  ~X# 16  ~X$ Germany ~X% Mexico ,& Netherlands ' Sweden  b(  6,~X) x D 7x6  * 29,para.1  +   ,  6,- x 7 x6Trinidadand . Tobago  l/ 29,para.1  0   1  6,2 x  x6Tunisia  3 9,para.2  4 Germany 5 Netherlands nH6 Sweden   7  6,8 x  x6  J!$9 15,para.4  J!$: Germany J!$; Netherlands !< Sweden  "=  6,J!$> x  x6  #? 16,para.1(c),(d), #@ Ѐ(f),(g)and(h) $\A 29,para.1  0% B Germany #C Netherlands $\D Sweden  0% E  6,#F x  x6Turkey  ^&8G 9,para.1 ^&8H (declaration)   'I   ^&8J 15,paras.2and4 ^&8K 16,paras.1(e),  'L Ѐ(d),(f)and(g) 6,'M x  x6  (N 15,paras.2and4  (O Germany (P Netherlands  )pQ  6,(R x  x6  * S 16,para.1(c),(d),(f) * T Ѐand(g)  r+L!U Germany * V Mexico r+L!W Netherlands   ,!X  6,* Y x  7x6  N-(#Z 29,para.1  N-(#[   N-(#\  6,N-(#] x 7 7x6Ukraine   x [29,para.1]   x    x 29,para.1 6, x x 7 ^x6UnitedKingdom   ofGreatBritain z T andNorthern (  Ireland    (declarations)    1 z T  [2,paras.(f)and (   Ѐ(g)]    9 ^  10,para.(c) 2  11,paras.1and2  [13] h 15,paras.2and3 < 16,para.1   Argentina    2,paras.(f)and (  Ѐ(g)   11,para.1(part)  13 h  6, x ^ x6(UnitedKingdom  ЀofGreat   ЀBritainand tN  ЀNorthern " ! ЀIreland)  " onbehalfof: ~X # -Px 882 -0  BritishVirgin , $ Islands,  % Falkland b& Islands 6' (Malvinas), ( IsleofMan, l) SouthGeorgia @* andSouth + Sandwich v, Islands,and J$- Turksand . CaicosIslands (/   ((declarations) ~X 5 1,2,9,11, : 13,15,16  l;   <  6,= x 7x6Venezuela  > 29,para.1  ?   @  6,A x 7 7x6VietNam  !B 29,para.1  !C   !D  =z,!E x 7 Gx =Yemen 4{#0" Fz 429,para.1 4|#0" G{ 4 4}#0" H| 43)'0" I x G p } 3+   "I @\\0AnnexII  @ ARTICLESOFTHECONVENTIONFORWHICHSTATESPARTIES  F @ HAVENOTYETWITHDRAWNTHEIRRESERVATIONS   $ 88VP$$88,<088$ , Article <  0 Stateparty Z  10 , 0<,#,#Liechtenstein,UnitedKingdomandon   behalfof:BritishVirginIslands,    FalklandIslands(Malvinas),South b  GeorgiaandSouthSandwichIslands,and $V  TurksandCaicosIslands <#<# 20 , 0<,#,#Algeria,Bangladesh,Egypt,LibyanArab j  Jamahiriya,Maldives,Morocco, ,^  Singapore <#<# 2,para.(a)0 < Bahamasr <#<# 2,para.(e) < Lesotho ( 2,para.(f) < Malaysia,NewZealand(CookIslands) z 2,para.(d)and(f) < Niger 0 2,para.(f)and(g) < Iraq,UnitedKingdom  5,para.(a)0 < Fiji,India,Malaysia,NewZealand 8 (CookIslands)andNiger<#<# 5,para.(b) < France L~ 70 , 0<,#,#Belgium,Luxembourg,Spain,Thailand!<#<# 7,para.(a) < Kuwait T!# 7,para.(b)0 < Austria,Germany,Israel,Malaysia, " % Switzerland#&<#<# 90 , 0<,#,#Fiji,France,Malaysia,Republicof %P( Korea,UnitedKingdomandonbehalfof: %) BritishVirginIslands,Falkland &* Islands(Malvinas),SouthGeorgiaand d' + SouthSandwichIslands,andTurksand &(X!, CaicosIslands("-<#<# 9,para.1 < Turkey l*#/ 9,paras.1and2 < Iraq +"%1  t-&3 *88,<088,<* , Article <  0 Stateparty  9,para.20 < Algeria,Bahamas,Cyprus,Egypt, R Jordan,Kuwait,Lebanon,Morocco,  F Tunisia <#<# 10 , 0 < ThailandZ <#<# 10,para.(c)0 < UnitedKingdom <#<# 110 , 0<,#,#UnitedKingdomandonbehalfof: b  BritishVirginIslands,Falkland $V  Islands(Malvinas),SouthGeorgiaand   SouthSandwichIslands,andTurksand   CaicosIslandsj <#<# 11,para.1 < Ireland,Malta,Singapore   11,para.1(b)and(d) < Mauritius r  11,para.1(f) < Austria ( 11,para.2(b)0 < Australia,NewZealandz<#<# 0 , 0<,#,#(CookIslandsandNiue)<n<#<# 130 , 0<,#,#Malta,UnitedKingdomonbehalfof:  BritishVirginIslands,Falkland  Islands(Malvinas),SouthGeorgiaand Dv SouthSandwichIslands,andTurksand 8 CaicosIslands<#<# 13,para.(b)and(c) < Ireland L~ 14,para.2(c) < France ! 14,para.2(h) < France T!# 15 , 0 < Malta" %<#<# 15,paras.2and30 < Belgium,UnitedKingdomandonbehalf \$' of:BritishVirginIslands,Falkland %P( Islands(Malvinas),SouthGeorgiaand %) SouthSandwichIslands,andTurksand &* CaicosIslandsd' +<#<# 15,paras.2and4 < Turkey ("- 15,para.3 < Ireland l*#/ 15,para.40 < Algeria,Jordan,Morocco,Niger, +"%1 Tunisia,%2<#<#  t-&3  , Article <  0 Stateparty  160 , 0<,#,#Algeria,Egypt,Iraq,Israel,Malaysia, R Maldives,Malta,Morocco,Singapore,  F Thailand <#<# 16,para.1 < India Z  16,para.1(f)0 < UnitedKingdomandonbehalfof:   BritishVirginIslands,Falkland    Islands(Malvinas),SouthGeorgiaand b  SouthSandwichIslands,andTurksand $V  CaicosIslands <#<# 16,para.1(c)and(d)0 < LibyanArabJamahiriyaj <#<# 16,para.1(c),(d),(f)and(g) < Turkey   16,para.1(c),(e),(f) < Niger r  16,para.1(c),(d),(f),(g)and(h) < Tunisia ( 16,para.1(d)and(g) < France z 16,para.1(c),(d),(g) < Jordan 0 16,para.1(c)and(f) < Bangladesh  16,para.1(d)and(f) < Ireland 8 16,para.1(f)0 < Kuwait<#<# 16,para.1(e) < Malta @  16,para.1(g)0 < France,Luxembourg,Mauritius,Republic  " ofKorea,SwitzerlandT!#<#<# 16,para.1(h)0 < Bahamas" %<#<# 16,para.2 < India \$' 29,para.10 < Algeria,Argentina,Bahamas,Brazil, %) China,Cuba,Egypt,ElSalvador, &* Ethiopia,France,India,Indonesia, d' + Iraq,Israel,Jamaica,Kuwait, &(X!, Mauritius,Morocco,Myanmar,Niger, ("- Pakistan,Singapore,Thailand,Trinidad )". andTobago,Tunisia,Turkey,Venezuela, l*#/ VietNam,Yemen.+`$0<#<#   ,%2 @**0AnnexIII  @STATESPARTIESTHATHAVEDEPOSITEDWITHTHESECRETARYGENERAL  F @INSTRUMENTSOFACCEPTANCEOFTHEAMENDMENTTOARTICLE20,   @%PARAGRAPH1,OFTHECONVENTION   *~ dqd$$  $$ J$$ J$$ pq8#8#,d$$ , $$ +  8' N N k 8Stateparty 4#  4Acceptancedate E;#   k  /xE+Australia     4June1998 6,   x / /x6Brazil  B  5March1997 6,B  x / /x6Canada  >p  3November1997 6,>p  x / /x6Chile  l  8May1998 6,l  x / /x6Denmark    12March1996 6,  x / /x6Finland    18March1996 6,  x / /x6France  ( 8August1997 6,( x / /x6Guatemala  $V 3June1999 6,$V x / /x6Italy  R 31May1996 6,R x / /x6Liechtenstein   15April1997 6, x / /x6Madagascar   19July1996 6, x / /x6Malta    5March1997 6,! x / /x6Mexico   <" 16September1996 6, <# x / /x6Mongolia  8j$ 19December1997 6,8j% x / /x6Netherlands  f& 10December1997a 6,f' x / /x6NewZealand  ( 26September1996 6,) x / /x6Norway   * 29March1996 6, + x / /x6RepublicofKorea  !", 12August1996 6,!"- x / /x6Panama  #P. 5November1996 6,#P/ x / /x6Sweden  L$~0 17July1996 6,L$~1 x / /x6Switzerland  z%2 2December1997 =,z%3 x / [x =UnitedKingdom 4#&4 419November1997b+3)'&5 x [   3-88,<088,<-Ӏa , FortheKingdominEurope,theNetherlandsAntillesandAruba. L(~!6 ̀b , FortheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,theIsleof )#8 Man,theBritishVirginIslands,andtheTurksandCaicosIslands. *#9   T+$: @\\0AnnexIV  @T T STATESPARTIESTHATHAVESIGNEDANDRATIFIED  F @*THEOPTIONALPROTOCOL   *p ddd$$ d $$  ~8#8#p,$$$ ,j $$ ,$$ +  8'Z Z   8Stateparty =,!  =Dateofsignature =,!  =Dateofreceipt    oftheinstrument    ofratification ND,f  "   KxNArgentina    28February2000     6, x K Kx6Austria    10December1999     6,  x K Kx6Azerbaijan  2  6June2000  2   6,2  x K Kx6Belgiuma  .`  10December1999  .`   6,.`  x K Kx6Benin  \  25May2000  \   6,\  x K Kx6Bolivia    10December1999     6,  x K Kx6Bulgaria   6June2000    6,  x K Kx6Chile  ! 10December1999  "  6,# x K Kx6Colombia  F$ 10December1999  F%  6,F& x K Kx6CostaRica  Bt' 10December1999  Bt(  6,Bt) x K Kx6Croatia  p* 5June2000  p+  6,p, x K Kx6Cubab  - 17March2000  .  6,/ x K Kx6CzechRepublic  0 December1999  1  6,2 x K Kx6Denmark  ,3 10December1999  ,4 13May2000 6,,5 x K Kx6DominicanRepublic  (Z6 14March2000  (Z7  6,(Z8 x K Kx6Ecuador  V 9 10December1999  V :  6,V ; x K Kx6Finland  !< 10December1999  !=  6,!> x K Kx6France  "? 10December1999  "@ 9June2000 6,"A x K Kx6Germany  #B 10December1999  #C  6,#D x K Kx6Ghana  %@E 24February2000  %@F  6,%@G x K Kx6Greece  <&nH 10December1999  <&nI  6,<&nJ x K Kx6Iceland  j' K 10December1999  j' L  6,j' M x K Kx6Indonesia  (!N 28February2000  (!O  6,(!P x K Kx6Italy  )"Q 10December1999  )"R  6,)"S x K Kx6Liechtenstein  *&$T 10December1999  *&$U  6,*&$V x K Kx6Luxembourg  ",T%W 10December1999  ",T%X  6,",T%Y x K Kx6Mexico  P-&Z 10December1999  P-&[  6,P-&\ x K Kx6 ff       Namibia   x 19May2000   x 26May2000 6, x x K Kx6Netherlands  F  10December1999  F   6,F  x K Kx6Norway  t  10December1999  t   6,t   x K Kx6Panama     9June2000      6,   x K Kx6Paraguay  0  28December1999  0  6,0 x K Kx6Philippines  ^ 21March2000  ^  6,^ x K Kx6Portugal  , 16February2000  ,  6,, x K Kx6Senegal  Z 10December1999  Z 26May2000 6,Z x K Kx6Slovakia    5June2000     6,  x K Kx6Slovenia    10December1999     6,  x K Kx6Spain  D  14March2000  D   6,D ! x K Kx6Sweden  r " 10December1999  r #  6,r $ x K Kx6Thailand  @% 15June2000  @& 15June2000 6,@' x K x6TheformerYugoslavRepublicof n( Macedonia '0) '3April2000 'n* ' ?5n+ x  Kx?Uruguay  ^, 9May2000  ^-  =,^. x K [x =Venezuela 4#/ 417March2000 4#0 43)'1 x [ +  3088,<088,<0Ӏa , Belgium,uponsignatureoftheOptionalProtocol,declaredthat"the 02 FlemishandGermanspeakingcommunitiesofBelgiumareequallyboundbythis R3 signature". 4 ̀b , Cuba,uponsignatureoftheOptionalProtocol,declaredthat:"the 8!6 GovernmentoftheRepublicofCubadeclaresthatitdoesnotrecognizethe !Z7 competenceoftheCommitteeestablishedbyvirtueofarticle8and9ofthe "8 Protocol". ~#9 @2