ÿWPC/ Qý šÐk\Ð^jî: /äí)z¦Ï1ʈ@’µ;Nû-$¯Üh‡Ï#`êrêuñôu®•X°[_w »±F‡A¯“—å`ýÁ^"ç>TRô`Ô‘±Æ‡³ls‰j%†‚{—ÄT¤™WÛO=‚ø<SÖYl&±W?xÀ¸lò’:|¯¤æb?_nùœä•iÓº6ßœÝXg<\sT±d•uìW@&LÇŸp[ìï9T'V¹m1{kïsz"ZÖÍH·‰á=»Om„µ~vL'3C³×1u!F€”Ò!î»hˆ¦pèW›R!â§ º.<„ùróL‰òÃQ,ßUµÝÍå$‰×a{Ðï`‡_ì ìD/ R—^¿;u|äØOÐXøÈfý¨.(`XwOqFd®@ú¦õ"”ÐK7ç"ójX¨5_µkl…¾9‰ÿj޹I¦m…—’¢§"夺Wý(xàbR|y+E”×{PçÃÊܪùVøôc¦U :ü %6’< ÎkÞ 0µIÝþ 0µÛ    ° À n­Ð 0š} w4<þ6X9`("Courier 12cpiô' È 17999 CRC/C/100BEH .35 pp  17999S1 aÝ ƒ'ÝÝ  ÝÓ#++b™ Ð ï ‘k"#ÓCRC/C/10Ìpage€Ú  ÚÚ  ÚÌ(2j{$§§Ý ƒp5!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRWœÐ6Â&3Ø'Ì6Ä&A4ÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ôýÈôôôÔÔ€ôýÈôôôýÈÔÓ  ÓÓ33ÓÒ+°ÒÒŰÒÑØ°ÑÑ¥°ÑÓB.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!°œXBÓÑÈÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ý ÓÝ ƒ(ÝÝ  ÝÓ#++b™ Ð ï ‘k"#ÓÓ#++b™ Ð ï ‘k"#ÓÓ  ÓÓ ++PÓàP..Pà€€€€€CRC/C/10ÌàP..Pà€€€€€page€Ú  ÚÚ  ÚÌ(2j{$¨¨Ý ƒp5!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRWœÐ6Â&3Ø'Ì6Ä&A4ÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ôýÈôôôÔÔ€ôýÈôôôýÈÔÓ  ÓÓ33ÓÒ+°ÒÒŰÒÑØ°ÑÑ¥°ÑÓB.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!°œXBÓÑÈÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ý17999S217999S317999S4#|d«<þ6X9`("Courier 12cpiôÂdþ6X@Ƀ8Ç;ô@(rp5$¡¡ÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRWœÐ6Â&3Ø'Ì6Ä&A4ÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ôýÈôôôÔÔ€ôýÈôôôýÈÔÓ  ÓÓ33ÓÒ+°ÒÒŰÒÑØ°ÑÑ¥°ÑÓB.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!°œXBÓÑÈÑÑ  Ñ)h)Ö W~LW~^W~Ý ƒp5!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRWœÐ6Â&3Ø'Ì6Ä&A4ÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ôýÈôôôÔÔ€ôýÈôôôýÈÔÓ  ÓÓ33ÓÒ+°ÒÒŰÒÑØ°ÑÑ¥°ÑÓB.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!°œXBÓÑÈÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔÈÔÑbØÑщ¥ÑÓ'++ï “‘k"++7'ÓÌà ï àà “ àDistr.Ìà ï àà “ àGENERALÌà ï àÌà ï àà “ àCRC/C/10Ìà ï àà “ à19€October€1992ÌÌà ï àà “ àOriginal:€€ENGLISHÌÌÌÌÌÌCOMMITTEE€ON€THE€RIGHTS€OF€THE€CHILDÌSecond€sessionÌGeneva,€28€September„9€October€1992ÌÌÌÌà@éé•àòòReport€adopted€by€the€Committee€at€its€46th€Meeting,€on€9€October€1992óóˆÐ M ÐÌà@ "•àCOMMITTEE€ON€THE€RIGHTS€OF€THE€CHILDˆÌÌà@&•àòòReport€on€the€second€sessionˆÐ Û  ÐÌÌà@0•àóóCONTENTSˆÐ ¨Ö ÐÌà ï àà “ àà ‘ àòòParagraphsóóà k" àòòPageóóÐ †!´  ÐÌÓ6++b™ Ð ï ‘k"++ï “‘Ú6Ó€€€€€I.à ™ àCONCLUSIONS€AND€RECOMMENDATIONS€ADOPTED€BYÐ d#’" Ðà b àà ™ àTHE€COMMITTEE€ON€THE€RIGHTS€OF€THE€CHILD€....à ‘ àà k" à€€1Ð S$# ÐÌ€€€€II.à ™ àORGANIZATIONAL€AND€OTHER€MATTERS€............à ‘ à€€1€€„€19€à k" à€€6Ð 1&_ % ÐÌà b àà ™ àA.à Ð àStates€parties€to€the€Convention€......à ‘ à€€1€€„€€2à k" à€€6Ð (="' Ðà b àà ™ àB.à Ð àOpening€and€duration€of€the€session€...à ‘ à€€€€€3à k" à€€7Ð þ(,#( Ðà b àà ™ àC.à Ð àAgenda€................................à ‘ à€€€€€4à k" à€€7Ð í)$) Ðà b àà ™ àD.à Ð àMembership€and€attendance€.............à ‘ à€€5€€„€10à k" à€€8Ð Ü* %* Ðà b àà ™ àE.à Ð àSolemn€declaration€by€a€memberÐ Ë+ù%+ Ðà b àà ™ àà Ð àof€the€Committee€......................à ‘ à€€€€11à k" à€€9Ð º,è&, Ðà b àà ™ àF.à Ð àFuture€meetings€.......................à ‘ à€€12€„€13à k" à€€9Ð ©-×'- Ðà b àà ™ àG.à Ð àFuture€day€of€general€discussion€......à ‘ à€€€€14à k" à€€9Ð ˜.Æ(. ÐÌÐ v0¤*0 ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌÌGE.92„17999€€(E)ÌÖ€ÖÖ€ÖÓ  ÓÓ33ÓÑ Ø ÑÑ } ÑÙ  ÙØØà@”..¬àCONTENTS€(òòcontinuedóó)ˆÌÌàb..bàà™ ..™ ààÐ ..Ð ààï ..ï àà‘..‘àòòParagraphsóóàk"..k"àòòPageóóÌÌ€€€III.à™ ..™ àOVERVIEW€OF€THE€ACTIVITIES€OFÌàb..bàà™ ..™ àTHE€COMMITTEE€...............................à‘..‘à€€15€„€77àk"..k"à€10ÌÌàb..bàà™ ..™ àA.àÐ ..Ð àReview€of€developments€relevant€toÌàb..bàà™ ..™ ààÐ ..Ð àthe€work€of€the€Committee€.............à‘..‘à€€15€„€19àk"..k"à€10Ìàb..bàà™ ..™ àB.àÐ ..Ð àSubmission€of€reports€by€States€partiesÌàb..bàà™ ..™ ààÐ ..Ð àin€accordance€with€article€44€of€theÌàb..bàà™ ..™ ààÐ ..Ð àConvention€............................à‘..‘à€€20€„€26àk"..k"à€11Ìàb..bàà™ ..™ àC.àÐ ..Ð àSystem€of€documentationÌàb..bàà™ ..™ ààÐ ..Ð àand€information€.......................à‘..‘à€€27€„€32àk"..k"à€12Ìàb..bàà™ ..™ àD.àÐ ..Ð àMatters€relating€to€the€methods€ofÌàb..bàà™ ..™ ààÐ ..Ð àwork€of€the€Committee€.................à‘..‘à€€33€„€46àk"..k"à€13Ìàb..bàà™ ..™ àE.àÐ ..Ð àPreparatory€activities€relating€to€theÌàb..bàà™ ..™ ààÐ ..Ð àWorld€Conference€on€Human€Rights€......à‘..‘à€€47€„€48àk"..k"à€17Ìàb..bàà™ ..™ àF.àÐ ..Ð àContribution€to€the€Fourth€Meeting€ofÌàb..bàà™ ..™ ààÐ ..Ð àpersons€chairing€the€human€rightsÌàb..bàà™ ..™ ààÐ ..Ð àtreaty€bodies:€€Questions€of€Ìàb..bàà™ ..™ ààÐ ..Ð àreservations€and€declarations€.........à‘..‘à€€49€„€53àk"..k"à€17Ìàb..bàà™ ..™ àG.àÐ ..Ð àUrgent€action€procedure€...............à‘..‘à€€54€„€58àk"..k"à€18Ìàb..bàà™ ..™ àH.àÐ ..Ð àFuture€studies€........................à‘..‘à€€59€„€60àk"..k"à€19Ìàb..bàà™ ..™ àI.àÐ ..Ð àGeneral€discussion€on€children€inÌàb..bàà™ ..™ ààÐ ..Ð àarmed€conflicts€.......................à‘..‘à€€61€„€77àk"..k"à€20ÌÌ€€€€IV.à™ ..™ àDRAFT€PROVISIONAL€AGENDA€FOR€THEÌàb..bàà™ ..™ àTHIRD€SESSION€...............................à‘..‘à€€€€78àk"..k"à€24ÌÌ€€€€€V.à™ ..™ àADOPTION€OF€THE€REPORT€......................à‘..‘à€€€€79àk"..k"à€25ÌÌÌà@”..6àòòAnnexesˆÌÌóó€€€€€I.à0™ ..™ àList€of€States€that€have€signed,€ratified€or€acceded€to€theÏConvention€................................................àk"..k"à€26ÌÌ€€€€II.à0™ ..™ àList€of€members€of€the€Committee,€together€with€anÌàb..bàà™ ..™ àindication€of€the€duration€of€their€terms€of€office€.......àk"..k"à€29ÌÌ€€€III.à0™ ..™ àList€of€States€parties,€with€an€indication€of€the€status€ofÏsubmission€of€reports€.....................................àk"..k"à€30ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÙ  ÙØØàb..bàÓ ++b™ — ) k" Óà™ ..™ àà— ..— àI.à) ..) àCONCLUSIONS€AND€RECOMMENDATIONS€ADOPTED€BYÌ€€àb..bàà™ ..™ àà— ..— àà) ..) àTHE€COMMITTEE€ON€THE€RIGHTS€OF€THE€CHILDÌÌàb..bàà™ ..™ àà— ..— à1.à) ..) àòòOrganization€of€informal€regional€meetingsóóÌÌÓ8.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!8Óàb..bàòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌàb..bàòòReaffirmingóó€the€consideration€it€has€previously€made€on€the€usefulness€ofÏorganizing€meetings€in€different€regions€of€the€world€in€order€to€enhanceÏimplementation€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,ÌÌàb..bàòòEncouragedóó€by€the€successful€results€of€the€first€informal€regionalÏmeeting€of€the€Committee,€in€the€Latin€American€and€Caribbean€region,€held€inÏQuito,€Ecuador,€in€June€1992,ÌÌàb..bàòòRecognizingóó€the€important€role€informal€regional€meetings€can€play€inÏpromoting€greater€awareness€of€the€principles€and€provisions€of€the€ConventionÏon€the€Rights€of€the€Child€and€of€the€work€of€the€Committee,€as€well€as€inÏenabling€the€members€of€the€Committee€to€acquire€a€deeper€knowledge€and€betterÏunderstanding€of€the€realities€in€a€region,ÌÌàb..bàòòConvincedóó€of€the€relevance€of€these€meetings€to€meaningfully€enhanceÏinternational€cooperation€and€joint€efforts€between€the€differentÏUnitedNations€bodies,€specialized€agencies€and€other€competent€bodies€activeÏin€the€field€of€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€theÏChild,ÌÌàb..bàòòWelcomingóó€the€decision€of€the€United€Nations€Children's€Fund€toÏfacilitate€the€Quito€meeting€in€close€cooperation€with€other€United€NationsÏbodies,€and€the€efforts€made€in€order€to€ensure€its€success,ÌÌàb..bàòòStressingóó€the€importance€of€the€participation€in€such€regional€meetingsÏof€non„governmental€organizations€active€in€the€field€of€the€rights€of€theÏchild,ÌÌàb..bà1.à™ ..™ àòòWelcomesóó€the€opportunity€given€to€the€Committee€to€hold€the€firstÏinformal€regional€meeting€in€Quito,€Ecuador;ÌÌàb..bà2.à™ ..™ àòòExpressesóó€its€thanks€to€the€host€Government€of€Ecuador€for€the€warmÏwelcome€it€extended€at€the€opening€of€the€informal€regional€meeting€of€theÏCommittee;ÌÌàb..bà3.à™ ..™ àòòRecognizesóó€the€importance€of€such€meetings€to€contribute€to€a€widerÏpromotion€of€the€rights€of€the€child;ÌÌàb..bà4.à™ ..™ àòòWelcomesóó€the€possibility€of€holding€other€informal€regionalÏmeetings,€whenever€possible€on€an€annual€basis.ÌÌÇà@”..€à2.€€òòSources€of€informationóóˆÌÌàb..bàòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌàb..bàòòRecallingóó€that,€as€recognized€by€the€Third€Meeting€of€the€PersonsÏChairing€the€Human€Rights€Treaty€Bodies,€"each€of€the€treaty€bodies€shouldÏhave€access€to€all€of€the€sources€of€information€that€it€feels€it€needs€inÏorder€to€be€effective",ÌÌàb..bàòòBearingóóòò€in€mindóó€the€importance€of€the€information€that€can€be€provided€toÏthe€Committee€by€the€United€Nations€bodies,€specialized€agencies€and€otherÏcompetent€bodies,€in€view€of€their€experience€and€knowledge€in€the€field€ofÏthe€rights€of€the€child,ÌÌàb..bàòòReaffirmingóó€that€access€by€the€Committee€to€all€relevant€sources€ofÏinformation€pertaining€to€its€functions€will€be€essential€to€ensure€effectiveÏperformance€of€its€activities,ÌÌàb..bà1.à™ ..™ àòòReiteratesóó€the€request€addressed€to€the€Secretary„General€toÏestablish€a€committee€resource€room€for€the€purpose€of€gathering€andÏfacilitating€access€to€the€various€sources€of€information€that€areÏindispensable€for€the€effective€functioning€of€the€Committee;ÌÌàb..bà2.à™ ..™ àòòRequestsóó€the€Secretariat€to€report€at€the€beginning€of€each€sessionÏon€the€action€taken€pursuant€to€decisions€adopted€by€the€Committee€at€itsÏprevious€sessions;ÌÌàb..bà3.à™ ..™ àòòAlso€requestsóó€the€Secretariat€to€continue€to€organize€country€filesÏand€to€prepare€an€analytical€study€of€available€information€concerning€eachÏState€party€whose€report€is€to€be€considered€by€the€Committee,€in€the€light€ofÏthe€adopted€reporting€guidelines;ÌÌàb..bà4.à™ ..™ àòòEncouragesóó€United€Nations€bodies,€specialized€agencies€and€otherÏcompetent€bodies,€in€order€to€foster€the€effective€implementation€of€theÏConvention,€to€provide€the€Committee€with€relevant€information€concerning€eachÏState€party€whose€report€is€scheduled€to€be€considered€by€the€Committee;ÌÌàb..bà5.à™ ..™ àòòExpressesóó€concern€at€the€difficulties€faced€and€the€delay€taken€inÏexpediting€the€implementation€of€the€recommendations€of€the€task€force€onÏcomputerization€appointed€by€the€Secretary„General€with€a€view€to€increasingÏthe€efficiency€and€effectiveness€of€the€functioning€of€the€treaty€bodies;ÌÌàb..bà6.à™ ..™ àòòRecognizesóó€the€high€priority€of€the€computerization€of€the€work€ofÏthe€treaty„monitoring€bodies€and€its€importance€to€improve€the€reportingÏsystem€and€encourages€the€next€Meeting€of€Persons€Chairing€the€Human€RightsÏTreaty€Bodies€to€give€particular€consideration€to€this€reality€and€envisageÏthe€adoption€of€adequate€and€urgent€recommendations;ÌÌàb..bà7.à™ ..™ àòòDecidesóó€to€establish€a€working€group€among€its€members€to€considerÏthe€question€of€the€system€of€information€and€documentation€relevant€to€itsÏwork,€including€the€question€of€computerization,€in€cooperation€with€theÏCentre€for€Human€Rights,€United€Nations€bodies€and€other€competent€bodies.Ì̇à@”.."à3.€€òòPublic€information€activitiesóóˆÌÌàb..bàòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌàb..bàòòRecognizingóó€the€importance€of€disseminating€information€on€the€ConventionÏon€the€Rights€of€the€Child€and€its€implementation€with€a€view€to€creatingÏgreater€awareness€and€a€deeper€understanding€of€its€principles€and€provisionsÏand€to€promote€the€full€realization€of€children's€rights,ÌÌàb..bà1.à™ ..™ àòòWelcomesóó€the€publication€of€an€issue€of€the€Bulletin€of€HumanÏRights€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child;ÌÌàb..bà2.à™ ..™ àòòRequestsóó€the€Secretary„General€to€provide€for,€and€to€facilitateÏand€encourage,€the€dissemination€of€information€concerning€the€Convention€andÏthe€work€of€the€Committee,€in€particular:ÌÌàb..bà(a)à™ ..™ àTo€consider€the€translation€of€the€Convention€into€differentÏlanguages,€òòinter€aliaóó€by€issuing€Fact€Sheet€No.10€"The€Rights€of€the€Child"€inÏdifferent€additional€languages;ÌÌàb..bà(b)à™ ..™ àTo€consider€the€inclusion€in€the€"Manual€on€Human€Rights€Reporting"Ïof€a€chapter€concerning€the€mechanism€established€within€the€framework€of€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child;ÌÌàb..bà(c)à™ ..™ àTo€ensure€priority€to€the€completion€and€issuance€of€the€òòTravauxÏprparatoiresóó€and€the€Commentary€on€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child;ÌÌàb..bà(d)à™ ..™ àTo€consider,€within€the€framework€of€the€preparation€andÏdissemination€of€printed€information€in€the€field€of€human€rights,€to€issue€aÏspecial€publication€designed€to€make€the€principles€and€provisions€of€theÏConvention€widely€known€to€children;ÌÌàb..bà3.à™ ..™ àòòRequestsóó€the€Secretary„General€to€ensure€that€the€United€NationsÏinformation€centres€or,€in€the€countries€where€such€information€centres€do€notÏexist,€the€UNDP€country€offices,€make€freely€available€on€a€routine€basis€theÏdocuments€of€the€Committee€for€general€distribution,€particularly€the€reportsÏof€the€Committee,€the€reports€submitted€to€the€Committee€by€the€State€in€whoseÏterritory€the€information€centre€is€located,€and€the€summary€records€relatingÏto€the€examination€of€the€reports;ÌÌàb..bà4.à™ ..™ àòòAlso€requestsóó€the€Secretary„General€to€strengthen,€in€the€frameworkÏof€the€technical€assistance€and€advisory€services€programme€of€the€Centre€forÏHuman€Rights,€the€training€activities€related€to€the€implementation€of€theÏConvention,€as€well€as€the€organization€of€seminars€and€workshops€at€theÏnational€and€local€level€for€the€purpose€of€training€those€involved€in€theÏpreparation€of€State€party€reports€in€accordance€with€the€adopted€reportingÏguidelines;ÌÌàb..bà5.à™ ..™ àòòEncouragesóó€the€Secretary„General€to€consider,€within€the€technicalÏassistance€and€advisory€services€programme,€providing€training€and€assistanceÏto€the€national€institutions€acting€in€the€field€of€the€rights€of€the€child;ÌÌàb..bà6.à™ ..™ àòòAlso€encouragesóó€the€Secretary„General€to€consider€theÏimplementation€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€as€a€priorityÏmatter€within€the€fellowship€programme;ÌÌàb..bà7.à™ ..™ àòòInvitesóó€States€parties€to€pay€particular€attention€to€the€need€forÏtranslating€and€publishing€the€Convention€in€the€various€local€languages,€as€aÏmeans€to€ensure€that€the€principles€and€provisions€thereof€are€made€widelyÏknown,€by€appropriate€and€active€means,€to€adults€and€children€alike.ÌÌà@”..à4.€€òòRelations€with€other€United€Nations€bodies€and€treaty€bodiesóóˆÌÌàb..bàòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌàb..bàòòRecognizingóó€the€importance€of€ensuring€effective€interaction€andÏcooperation€with€United€Nations€bodies€acting€in€the€field€of€the€rights€ofÏthe€child,€including€the€Special€Rapporteur€of€the€Commission€on€Human€RightsÏon€the€Sale€of€Children,€Child€Prostitution€and€Child€Pornography,€and€theÏWorking€Group€on€Contemporary€Forms€of€Slavery€of€the€Sub„Commission€onÏPrevention€of€Discrimination€and€Protection€of€Minorities,ÌÌàb..bàòòRecognizingóóòò€alsoóó€the€need€to€maintain€effective€communication€andÏdialogue€with€the€other€human€rights€bodies€on€common€issues€and€problems,ÌÌàb..bàòòConsideringóó€the€need€and€importance€of€ensuring€its€participation€inÏactivities€taking€place€within€the€United€Nations€framework€which€are€ofÏrelevance€to€its€work,ÌÌàb..bàòòEncouragedóó€by€Commission€on€Human€Rights€resolution€1992/15€in€which€theÏCommission€stressed€the€continuing€need€for€consultation€and€exchange€ofÏinformation€among€all€treaty€bodies,ÌÌàb..bà1.à™ ..™ àòòWelcomesóó€the€possibility€of€holding€future€meetings€with€theÏUnitedNations€bodies€acting€in€the€field€of€the€rights€of€the€child,Ïincluding€each€of€the€treaty€bodies,€with€a€view€to€discussing€matters€ofÏmutual€interest;ÌÌàb..bà2.à™ ..™ àòòDecidesóó€to€follow,€as€appropriate,€the€meetings€and€activities€ofÏother€human€rights€treaty€bodies,€as€well€as€other€United€Nations€meetingsÏrelevant€to€its€work;ÌÌàb..bà3.à™ ..™ àòòWelcomesóó€the€holding€of€the€meetings€of€persons€chairing€the€humanÏrights€treaty€bodies€on€a€biennial€basis;ÌÌàb..bà4.à™ ..™ àòòWelcomesóó€the€opportunity€to€participate€in€the€seminar€of€expertsÏon€appropriate€indicators€to€measure€achievements€in€the€progressiveÏrealization€of€economic,€social€and€cultural€rights,€to€be€held€inÏDecember1992;ÌÌàb..bà5.à™ ..™ àòòWelcomesóó€the€opportunity€to€participate€in€the€meeting€of€expertsÏon€the€application€of€international€standards€concerning€the€human€rights€ofÏdetained€juveniles,€to€be€organized€in€Geneva€in€March€1993,€following€aÏproposal€of€the€Secretary„General€endorsed€by€the€Sub„Commission€on€PreventionÏÇof€Discrimination€and€Protection€of€Minorities€in€its€resolution1992/25,Ïwhere€a€wish€is€expressed€to€see€the€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€ChildÏrepresented€at€the€meeting€of€experts;ÌÌàb..bà6.à™ ..™ àòòExpressesóó€the€hope€that€adequate€resources€will€be€provided€toÏenable€the€Committee€to€develop€effective€communication€and€dialogue€withÏother€human€rights€bodies€and€to€participate€in€United€Nations€meetingsÏrelevant€to€its€work;ÌÌàb..bà7.à™ ..™ àòòInvitesóó€special€rapporteurs€appointed€by€the€Commission€on€HumanÏRights€and€the€Sub„Commission€on€Prevention€of€Discrimination€and€ProtectionÏof€Minorities€and€working€groups€established€by€the€Commission€and€theÏSub-Commission€to€take€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€intoÏconsideration€within€the€framework€of€their€respective€mandates;ÌÌàb..bà8.à™ ..™ àòòWelcomesóó€the€opportunity€the€second€session€has€provided€forÏstarting€a€constructive€and€meaningful€dialogue€with€the€Special€Rapporteur€onÏthe€Sale€of€Children€on€questions€of€common€concern,€namely€on€the€question€ofÏchild€soldiers,€and€expresses€its€willingness€to€pursue€this€dialogue€at€itsÏfuture€sessions.ÌÌà@”..à5.€€òòFourth€Meeting€of€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodiesóóˆÌÌàb..bàòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌàb..bàòòRecognizingóó€the€importance€of€contributing€to€the€FourthMeeting€ofÏpersons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies,ÌÌàb..bàòòBearing€in€mindóó€its€proceedings€and€decisions€on€issues€of€relevance€toÏthe€agenda€of€such€a€meeting,ÌÌàb..bàòòDecidesóó€to€bring€the€following€important€issues€to€the€attention€ofÏtheFourthMeeting€of€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies:ÌÌà@”..bàAˆÌÌàb..bàThe€innovating€experience€of€holding€informal€meetings€at€the€regionalÏlevel€should€be€brought€to€the€attention€of€the€FourthMeeting,€in€view€of€itsÏrelevance€as€a€means€to€promote€greater€awareness€of€the€Convention€on€theÏRights€of€the€Child€and€its€system€of€implementation,€and€to€provide€theÏCommittee€with€a€deeper€knowledge€and€better€understanding€of€the€realities€ofÏa€region.ÌÌà@”..bàBˆÌÌàb..bàAccess€to€all€relevant€sources€of€information€pertaining€to€the€functionsÏof€the€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€is€essential.€€In€this€frameworkÏthe€Committee,€recognizing€the€high€priority€of€the€computerization€of€theÏwork€of€the€treaty„monitoring€bodies,€encourages€the€FourthMeeting€of€personsÏchairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€to€give€particular€consideration€toÏthis€reality€and€to€envisage€the€adoption€of€adequate€and€urgentÏrecommendations.€€The€Committee€also€decides€to€establish€a€working€group€fromÏamong€its€members€to€consider€the€question€of€the€system€of€information€and€documentation€relevant€to€its€work,€including€the€question€of€computerization,Ïin€cooperation€with€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights,€UnitedUnited€bodies€andÏother€competent€bodies.ÌÌà@”..bàCˆÌÌàb..bàIn€view€of€the€importance€of€disseminating€information€on€the€ConventionÏon€the€Rights€of€the€Child€and€its€monitoring€mechanism€in€order€to€enhanceÏimplementation€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child:ÌÌàb..bà(a)à™ ..™ àRequests€the€Secretary-General€to€make€documents€of€the€CommitteeÏclassified€in€the€general€distribution€category€freely€available,€on€a€routineÏbasis,€in€the€UnitedNations€information€centres€or,€in€the€countries€whereÏcentres€do€not€exist,€in€the€country€offices€of€the€UnitedNations€DevelopmentÏProgramme;ÌÌàb..bà(b)à™ ..™ àEncourages€the€Secretary-General€to€consider€providing€training€andÏassistance€to€the€national€institutions€acting€in€the€field€of€the€rights€ofÏthe€child,€within€the€technical€assistance€and€advisory€services€programme;ÌÌà@”..bàDˆÌÌÔÔÔ Ôàb..bàIn€connection€with€the€issue€of€reservations€and€declarations,€theÏCommittee€deems€it€òòóóòòóóis€important€to€recall€that€the€Convention€has€introduced€aÏholistic€approach€to€the€rights€of€the€child,€all€rights€being€interrelatedÏand€inherent€to€the€dignity€of€the€child.ÌÌàb..bàThe€Committee€òòóórecognizes€the€relevance€of€handling€the€question€ofÏreservations€and€declarations€in€the€course€of€the€dialogue€to€be€establishedÏwith€States€parties€when€considering€their€periodic€reports.ÌÌà@”..Z àII.€€ORGANIZATIONAL€AND€OTHER€MATTERSˆÌÌà@”..Œ àA.€€òòStates€parties€to€the€ConventionóóˆÌÌ1.àb..bàAs€at€9€October€1992,€the€closing€date€of€the€second€session€of€theÏCommittee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€there€were€123€States€parties€to€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child.€€The€Convention€was€adopted€by€theÏGeneral€Assembly€in€resolution€44/25€of€20€November€1989€and€opened€forÏsignature€and€ratification€or€accession€in€New€York€on€26€January€1990.€€ItÏentered€into€force€on€2September€1990,€in€accordance€with€the€provisions€ofÏits€article49.€€A€list€of€States€that€have€signed,€ratified€or€acceded€to€theÏConvention€is€contained€in€Annex€I€to€the€present€report.ÌÌ2.àb..bàThe€text€of€the€declarations,€reservations€or€objections€made€by€StatesÏparties€with€respect€to€the€Convention€are€reproduced€in€documentÏCRC/C/2/Rev.1.ÌÌÇà@”..ö àB.€€òòOpening€and€duration€of€the€sessionóóˆÌÌ3.àb..bàThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€held€its€second€session€at€theÏUnited€Nations€Office€at€Geneva€from€28€September€to€9€October€1992.€€TheÏCommittee€held€19€meetings€(28th€to€46th).€€An€account€of€the€Committee'sÏdeliberations€at€its€second€session€is€contained€in€the€relevant€summaryÏrecords€(CRC/C/SR.28€to€36,€38€and€39,€and€41€to€46).ÌÌà@”.. àC.€€òòAgendaóóˆÌÌ4.àb..bàAt€its€28th€meeting,€on€28€September€1992,€the€Committee€adopted€theÏprovisional€agenda€submitted€by€the€Secretary„General€(CRC/C/9);€the€agenda€ofÏthe€second€session,€as€adopted,€was€as€follows:ÌÌàb..bà1.à0™ ..™ àAdoption€of€the€agenda.ÌÌàb..bà2.à0™ ..™ àFilling€of€vacancy.ÌÌàb..bà3.à0™ ..™ àSolemn€declaration€by€a€newly€appointed€member€of€the€Committee.ÌÌàb..bà4.à0™ ..™ àReview€of€developments€relevant€to€the€work€of€the€Committee,Ïincluding:ÌÌàb..bàà™ ..™ à(a)à0Ð ..Ð àaction€by€the€General€Assembly€at€its€forty„sixth€session;ÌÌà0b..bàà™ ..™ à(b)à0Ð ..Ð àaction€by€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€at€its€forty„eighthÏsession;ÌÌà0b..bàà™ ..™ à(c)à0Ð ..Ð àdevelopments€in€other€human€rights€treaty€monitoring€bodies.ÌÌà0b..bà5.à0™ ..™ àPreparatory€activities€relating€to€the€World€Conference€on€HumanÏRights.ÌÌàb..bà6.à0™ ..™ àSubmission€of€reports€by€States€parties€in€accordance€withÏarticle44€of€the€Convention.Ìà0b..bàÌàb..bà7.à0™ ..™ àSystem€of€documentation€and€information.Ìà0b..bàÌàb..bà8.à0™ ..™ àMatters€relating€to€the€methods€of€work€of€the€Committee€and€theÏpre„sessional€Working€Group€in€respect€of€the€consideration€ofÏreports€to€be€submitted€by€States€parties€in€accordance€withÏarticle44€of€the€Convention,€including:Ìà0b..bàÌàb..bàà™ ..™ à(a)à0Ð ..Ð àconsideration€of€the€question€of€technical€advice€orÏassistance;ÌÌà0b..bàà™ ..™ à(b)à0Ð ..Ð àconsideration€of€the€question€of€an€informal€technicalÏadvisory€group.Ìà0b..bàÌàb..bà9.à0™ ..™ àConsideration€of€information€required€under€each€section€of€theÏreporting€guidelines.Ìà0b..bàÌàb..bà10.à0™ ..™ àGeneral€discussion€on€"Children€in€armed€conflicts".Ìà0b..bàÌàb..bà11.à0™ ..™ àQuestion€of€urgent€appeals.Ìà0b..bàÌàb..bà12.à™ ..™ àFuture€studies.Ìà0b..bàÌàb..bà13.à™ ..™ àFuture€meetings.Ìà0b..bàÌàb..bà14.à0™ ..™ àOther€matters.ÌÌà@”..êàD.€€òòMembership€and€attendanceóóˆÌÌ5.àb..bàIn€accordance€with€article€43,€paragraph€7,€of€the€Convention,€andÏrule14€of€the€Committee's€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€Mrs.MariaFtimaÏBorgesdeOmena€informed€the€Committee€by€letter€dated€1October1991€of€herÏdecision€to€cease€to€function€as€a€member€of€the€Committee.€€The€letter€ofÏresignation€was€transmitted€to€the€Secretary„General€by€the€PermanentÏRepresentative€of€Brazil€to€the€United€Nations€under€cover€of€a€note€datedÏ17December1991.€€By€a€note€dated€4€March€1992,€the€Secretary„General€invitedÏthe€Government€of€Brazil€to€appoint€another€expert€from€among€its€nationals€toÏserve€for€the€remainder€of€Mrs.€Borges€de€Omena's€term.€€Pursuant€to€theÏprovisions€of€article€43,€paragraph€7,€of€the€Convention,€the€Government€ofÏBrazil,€by€note€verbale€dated€30€April€1992,€informed€the€Secretary„General€ofÏthe€appointment€of€Mr.€Antð=ðnio€Carlos€Gomes€da€Costa€as€an€expert€of€theÏCommittee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€for€the€remainder€of€the€said€term.€à¯!..¯!à€AtÏits€28th€meeting,€the€Committee€approved€the€appointment€of€Mr.GomesdaCostaÏby€secret€ballot,€according€to€rule€14€of€its€provisional€rules€of€procedure.€ÏÌ6.àb..bàAll€members€of€the€Committee€attended€the€second€session.€€A€list€of€theÏmembers€of€the€Committee,€together€with€an€indication€of€the€duration€of€theirÏterms€of€office,€appears€in€Annex€II€to€the€present€report.ÌÌ7.àb..bàThe€following€United€Nations€bodies€were€represented€at€the€session:€ÏUnited€Nations€Development€Programme,€United€Nations€High€Commissioner€forÏRefugees,€United€Nations€Children's€Fund.ÌÌ8.àb..bàThe€following€specialized€agencies€were€represented€at€the€session:€€FoodÏand€Agriculture€Organization€of€the€United€Nations,€International€LabourÏOrganisation,€United€Nations€Educational,€Scientific€and€CulturalÏOrganization,€World€Health€Organization.ÌÌ9.àb..bàThe€following€organizations€were€also€represented:€€The€Hague€ConferenceÏon€Private€International€Law,€International€Committee€of€the€Red€Cross,ÏInternational€Criminal€Police€Organization.ÌÌ10.àb..bàThe€following€non„governmental€organizations€were€represented:ÌÌàb..bàòòCategory€Ióó:Ó;1++b™ Ð Ú >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!;Óà0Ú ..Ú àInternational€Council€of€Voluntary€Agencies,€InternationalÏMovement€ATD€Fourth€World,€Soroptimist€International,€WorldÏFederation€of€United€Nations€Associations,€ZontaÏInternationalÌÌÇàb..bàòòCategory€IIóó:à0Ú ..Ú àDefence€for€Children€International,€Friends'€WorldÏCommittee€for€Consultation,€International€AbolitionistÏFederation,€International€Association€of€Penal€Law,ÏInternational€Catholic€Child€Bureau,€InternationalÏFederation€Terre€des€Hommes,€International€Federation€ofÏSocial€Workers,€International€Federation€of€Women€in€LegalÏCareers,€International€Save€the€Children€Alliance,Ïincluding€Rdda€Barnen€and€Save€the€Children€Fund€(UK),ÏPathways€to€PeaceÌÌàb..bàòòRosteróó:àÐ ..Ð àà0Ú ..Ú àInstitut€Henry„Dunant,€International€FederalistÏAssociation,€World€Association€for€the€School€as€anÏInstrument€of€Peace,€World€Organization€against€TortureÌÌà@”..ž àE.€€òòSolemn€declaration€by€a€member€of€the€CommitteeóóˆÌÌ11.àb..bàAt€the€29th€meeting,€on€28€September€1992,€the€newly€appointed€member€ofÏthe€Committee,€Mr.€Antð=ðnio€Carlos€Gomes€da€Costa€(Brazil),€made€a€solemnÏdeclaration€upon€assuming€his€duties,€in€accordance€with€rule€15€of€theÏprovisional€rules€of€procedure.ÌÌà@”..ÞàF.€€òòFuture€meetingsóóˆÌÌ12.àb..bàThe€Committee€discussed€the€question€of€future€meetings€and€emphasizedÏthe€importance€of€benefiting€from€at€least€two€sessions€a€year,€of€three€weeksÏeach,€as€well€as€from€pre„sessional€working€groups€in€order€to€face€theÏworkload€deriving€from€the€submission€of€the€States€parties€reports:€€up€toÏthe€end€of€the€year,€57€are€expected,€and€in€1993,€45€will€become€due.ÌÌ13.àb..bàThe€Committee€considered€a€plan€for€its€future€work,€according€toÏwhichit€would€hold€its€pre„sessional€Working€Group€of€the€WholeÏfrom14to18December1992.€€It€also€established€a€tentative€schedule€for€itsÏmeetings€to€be€held€in€1993,€as€follows:ÌÌÓ ++3ØÓà3..3àThird€SessionàØ..Øà11€to€29€January€1993Ìà3..3àÌà3..3àPre„sessional€Working€GroupàØ..Øà28€June€to€2€July€1993Ìà3..3àÌà3..3àFourth€SessionàØ..Øà20€September€to€8€October€1993ÌÌà3..3àPre„sessional€Working€GroupàØ..Øà15€to€19€November€1993ÌÌà@”..Œ àG.€€òòFuture€day€of€general€discussionóóˆÌÌÓ8.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!8Ó14.àb..bàThe€Committee€decided€to€devote€a€day€of€its€fourth€session€to€theÏgeneral€discussion€of€the€topic€of€"Economic€exploitation€of€the€child".ÌÌÇà@”.. àIII.€€OVERVIEW€OF€THE€ACTIVITIES€OF€THE€COMMITTEEˆÌÌà@”..¾ àA.€€òòReview€of€relevant€developmentsóóˆÌÌ15.àb..bàAt€its€first€session,€the€Committee€had€requested€the€Secretariat€toÏreport,€at€the€beginning€of€each€session,€on€the€action€taken€pursuant€toÏdecisions€adopted€by€the€Committee€at€its€previous€session.€€Accordingly,€theÏCommittee€was€provided€with€informal€notes€prepared€by€the€SecretariatÏcontaining€summaries€of€action€taken€by€the€General€Assembly€at€itsÏforty-sixth€session,€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€at€its€forty„eighthÏsession,€and€the€Sub„Commission€on€Prevention€of€Discrimination€and€ProtectionÏof€Minorities€at€its€forty„fourth€session,€on€the€question€of€the€rights€ofÏthe€child€and€related€matters.€€The€Committee€also€had€before€it€informalÏnotes€by€the€Secretariat€containing€a€compilation€of€international€instrumentsÏrelating€to€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€and€a€compilation€of€theÏgeneral€comments€and€general€recommendations€adopted€by€the€various€humanÏrights€treaty€bodies€(HRI/GEN/1).ÌÌ16.àb..bàFollowing€a€decision€taken€at€the€first€session,€the€Rapporteur€made€aÏcomprehensive€oral€report€on€the€developments€relevant€to€the€work€of€theÏCommittee€that€had€occurred€since€the€preceding€session.€€In€thisÏpresentation,€particular€emphasis€was€put€on€action€taken€within€the€frameworkÏof€the€General€Assembly,€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights,€the€Sub„Commission€onÏPrevention€of€Discrimination€and€Protection€of€Minorities,€including€SpecialÏRapporteurs€and€Working€Groups,€as€well€as€by€the€different€treaty€bodies,Ïwhich€were€of€interest€for€the€consideration€by€the€Committee€of€questionsÏrelating€to€its€methods€of€work€and€to€the€study€of€issues€of€a€thematicÏnature.ÌÌ17.àb..bàIn€view€of€the€importance€the€Committee€attaches€to€closely€following€andÏmaintaining€effective€communication€with€the€other€human€rights€treaty€bodies,Ïit€also€considered€the€important€developments€which€had€occurred€within€theseÏbodies€through€presentations€made€by€the€members€of€the€Committee€having€beenÏdesignated€for€that€purpose.ÌÌ18.àb..bàThe€Committee€therefore€decided€to€maintain€the€consideration€of€thisÏitem€once€a€year,€based€on€the€presentation€by€the€Rapporteur€and€theÏinformation€provided€by€the€liaison€members€to€the€different€treaty€bodies.€€à?#..?#à¼To€this€end,€the€Committee€requested€the€Secretariat€to€prepare€a€documentÏsummarizing€the€important€steps€taken€by€the€relevant€United€Nations€bodies.ÌÌ19.àb..bàThe€Committee€was€also€encouraged€by€the€fact€that,€at€the€regionalÏlevel,€the€different€actions€undertaken€in€the€field€of€the€promotion€andÏprotection€of€the€rights€of€the€child€had€shown€the€important€catalyzing€roleÏthe€Convention€had€played.€€The€Committee€therefore€encouraged€the€SecretariatÏto€include€in€the€document€to€be€prepared€on€the€developments€relevant€to€itsÏwork€a€reference€to€the€essential€activities€undertaken€at€the€regional€level,Ïparticularly€by€the€intergovernmental€organizations.€€The€members€of€theÏCommittee€would€also€provide€the€Secretariat€with€relevant€information€ofÏwhich€they€might€be€aware.ÌÌÇà@”..r àB.€€òòSubmission€of€reports€by€States€parties€in€accordanceóóˆÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€òòwith€article€44€of€the€ConventionóóÌÌ20.àb..bàIn€connection€with€this€item,€the€Committee€had€before€it€the€followingÏdocuments:ÌÌà0b..bàNote€by€the€Secretary„General€on€initial€reports€by€States€parties€due€inÏ1992€(CRC/C/3)ÌÌà0b..bàNote€by€the€Secretary„General€on€initial€reports€by€States€parties€due€inÏ1993€(CRC/C/8)ÌÌ21.àb..bàThe€representative€of€the€Secretary„General€provided€information€on€theÏpresent€status€of€submission€of€reports.€€A€list€of€States€parties,€with€anÏindication€of€the€status€of€submission€of€reports,€is€to€be€found€in€AnnexIIIÏto€the€present€report.ÌÌ22.àb..bàThe€Committee€welcomed€the€fact€that€some€reports€had€already€beenÏsubmitted€by€States€parties;€this€showed€a€political€willingness€to€establishÏa€meaningful€dialogue€with€the€Committee.ÌÌ23.àb..bàDuring€the€discussion,€57members€of€the€Committee€stressedÏthat57initial€reports€would€be€due€at€the€end€of€1992;€it€was€thereforeÏnecessary€to€adopt€adequate€measures€to€enable€the€Committee€to€deal€with€suchÏa€heavy€workload.€€They€expressed€the€hope€that€this€would€receive€dueÏconsideration€during€the€Meeting€of€States€Parties€to€the€Convention,Ïscheduled€to€be€held€on€11€November€1992,€in€order€to€determine€the€durationÏof€the€future€sessions€of€the€Committee.ÌÌ24.àb..bàThe€Committee€emphasized€the€importance€it€attached€to€the€timelyÏsubmission€of€States€parties'€reports€in€accordance€with€article€44€of€theÏConvention.ÌÌ25.àb..bàThe€Committee€was€encouraged€by€the€fact€that€such€an€unprecedentedÏnumber€of€States€had€ratified€or€acceded€to€the€Convention,€and€that€theÏgeneral€guidelines€regarding€the€form€and€content€of€initial€reportsÏ(CRC/C/5),€as€well€as€the€consolidated€guidelines€on€the€"Core€document"€onÏinformation€of€a€general€character€(HRI/CORE/1)€had€been€sent€to€those€States.€ÏThe€Committee€reiterated€the€need€to€encourage€States€parties€to€prepare€theirÏinitial€reports€on€a€timely€basis€and€following€the€adopted€guidelines.€€ItÏrecalled€that€the€process€of€reporting€should€be€an€important€occasion€forÏconducting€a€comprehensive€review€of€the€various€measures€undertaken€forÏmonitoring€progress€made€in€the€enjoyment€of€the€rights€set€forth€in€theÏConvention,€and€that€this€process€should€encourage€and€facilitate€popularÏparticipation€and€public€scrutiny€of€government€policies.ÌÌ26.àb..bàIt€was€recalled€that,€in€accordance€with€rule67€of€its€provisional€rulesÏof€procedure,€the€Committee€shall,€in€the€case€of€non„submission€of€reports,Ïtransmit€to€the€States€parties€concerned€a€reminder€about€the€submission€ofÏsuch€reports.€€The€Secretariat€was€requested€to€remind€Permanent€Missions€ofÏStates€parties€whose€reports€had€become€due€during€the€current€session€but€hadÏnot€been€submitted€in€time,€of€their€reporting€obligations€under€theÏConvention.̇à@”... àC.€€òòSystem€of€documentation€and€informationóóˆÌÌà@”..€à1.€€òòSources€of€informationóóˆÌÌ27.àb..bàThe€Secretariat€had€been€requested€to€provide€the€Committee€withÏinformation€concerning€the€establishment€of€a€Committee€resource€room,€theÏdevelopments€which€have€occurred€in€the€field€of€computerization€ofÏdocumentation€of€monitoring€treaty€bodies,€as€well€as€on€the€availability€ofÏdocuments€of€the€Committee€for€general€distribution.ÌÌ28.àb..bàWith€regard€to€the€request€for€the€establishment€of€a€resource€room€forÏthe€purpose€of€facilitating€access€to€the€various€sources€of€informationÏnecessary€for€the€effective€functioning€of€the€Committee,€members€of€theÏCommittee€were€informed€of€current€difficulties,€including€the€lack€of€spaceÏand€resources,€faced€by€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights€in€this€connection.€ÏStressing€the€need€for€such€a€resource€room€where€documentation€from€theÏvarious€United€Nations€human€rights€organs,€including€the€treaty€bodies,€couldÏbe€kept€and€consulted€by€members€of€those€bodies,€the€Committee€expressed€theÏhope€that€the€Centre€would€give€this€matter€the€priority€consideration€itÏdeserved.ÌÌ29.àb..bàThe€Committee€was€also€briefed€about€developments€relating€to€theÏestablishment€of€a€computerized€database€and€was€informed€that€Member€StatesÏof€the€United€Nations,€in€particular€those€which€were€parties€toÏUnitedNations€human€rights€instruments,€had€been€invited€to€make€generousÏvoluntary€contributions€to€cover€the€initial€cost€of€installing€the€database.€ÏThe€Committee€reiterated€the€need€for€the€prompt€establishment€in€the€CentreÏfor€Human€Rights€of€such€a€computerized€database,€which€would€greatlyÏcontribute€to€increase€the€efficiency€of€the€treaty€bodies.€€It€noted€withÏregret€the€slow€pace€of€the€computerization€and€the€fact€that,€at€the€presentÏstage,€the€appeal€to€Member€States€to€contribute€to€the€installation€of€theÏdatabase€was€far€from€having€achieved€its€goal.€€The€Committee€recommendedÏthat€the€question€be€considered€as€a€matter€of€high€priority€at€the€fourthÏmeeting€of€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies,€to€be€held€fromÏ12to€16€October€1992.€€It€was€stressed€that€the€Committee€should€endeavour€toÏidentify€its€specific€needs€and€the€various€sources€of€information€which€wouldÏbe€of€direct€relevance€to€its€work.€€The€importance€of€selecting€aÏcomputerized€system€which€would€be€compatible€with€already€existingÏinformation€systems€within€specialized€agencies€or€regional€andÏnon-governmental€organizations€was€also€emphasized.ÌÌ30.àb..bàThe€Committee€visited€the€International€Labour€Office,€where€it€had€aÏworking€session€in€order€to€familiarize€itself€with€the€computerized€systemÏused€by€that€agency:€€this€meeting€enabled€a€positive€exchange€of€views€on€theÏpossibilities€afforded€by€such€a€system,€in€order€to€get€updated€informationÏon€the€reality€of€each€country,€namely€at€the€level€of€national€legislation,Ïand€on€the€important€steps€taken€by€the€ILO€within€the€framework€of€itsÏmandate.€€The€Committee€emphasized€the€importance€of€maintaining€closeÏcooperation€with€United€Nations€bodies€and€other€competent€bodies€in€the€fieldÏof€human€rights€in€order€to€establish€a€computerized€network€of€information.€ÏIt€also€favoured€the€establishment€of€a€working€group€among€its€members€toÏconsider€this€important€area€of€a€system€of€information€and€documentationÏrelevant€to€its€work,€including€the€question€of€computerization.̇31.àb..bàAs€regards€the€question€of€the€availability€of€the€documents€of€theÏCommittee€in€the€United€Nations€information€centres,€the€Committee€wasÏinformed€that€the€meetings€of€heads€of€such€centres€and€the€Bulletin€issuedÏthereon€had€been€used€to€alert€the€centres€about€the€availability€andÏaccessibility€of€treaty€body€documents.€€The€Committee€emphasized€that€it€wasÏimportant€to€ensure€free€availability€of€documents€for€general€distribution€atÏthe€country€level.€€United€Nations€information€centres€were€essential€for€thisÏpurpose,€but€in€those€countries€where€such€centres€do€not€exist€it€would€beÏimportant€to€be€able€to€take€advantage€of€the€network€of€UNDP€country€offices.ÌÌà@”..€à2.€€òòQuestion€of€indicatorsóóˆÌÌ32.àb..bàThe€Committee€expressed€the€view€that€the€use€of€appropriate€indicatorsÏcould€contribute€to€a€better€assessment€of€how€the€rights€covered€by€theÏConvention€were€guaranteed€and€implemented€and€to€an€evaluation€of€progressÏachieved€over€time€towards€the€full€realization€of€those€rights.€€It€wasÏstressed€that€the€Convention€covered€a€whole€range€of€civil,€political,€asÏwell€as€economic,€social€and€cultural€rights€and€that€there€was€therefore€aÏneed€for€a€right„by„right€approach€in€order€to€determine€what€kind€ofÏindicators€would€be€relevant€for€each€of€the€rights€set€out€in€the€Convention.€ÏIndicators€constituted€an€important€component€offering€the€Committee€theÏpossibility€to€assess€the€progress€achieved€by€States€parties.€€However,Ïindicators€were€not€entirely€sufficient€to€ensure€such€a€possibility,€mainlyÏwhen€there€was€a€need€to€emphasize€how€the€rights€set€forth€in€the€ConventionÏwere€individually€enjoyed.€€Indicators€should€meet€some€basic€requirementsÏsuch€as€validity,€objectivity,€sensitivity,€comparability,€accuracy€andÏdisaggregation.€€It€was€said€that€the€Committee€should€benefit€from€theÏexperience€acquired€in€the€collection€of€statistical€data€and€use€ofÏindicators€by€the€United€Nations€Children's€Fund,€various€United€NationsÏbodies,€specialized€agencies€and€non„governmental€organizations.€€TheÏCommittee€welcomed€the€convening,€in€December€1992,€of€the€Seminar€of€expertsÏon€appropriate€indicators€to€measure€achievements€in€the€progressiveÏrealization€of€economic,€social€and€cultural€rights,€in€which€it€wouldÏparticipate,€and€expressed€the€hope€that€this€seminar€would€contribute€toÏdetermining€how€best€to€incorporate€the€use€of€indicators€into€the€monitoringÏactivities€of€the€Committee.ÌÌà@”..ÜàD.€€òòMatters€relating€to€the€methods€of€work€of€the€CommitteeóóˆÌÌà@”..Nà1.€€òòIndependence€of€expertsóóˆÌÌ33.àb..bàMembers€of€the€Committee€emphasized€the€importance€of€the€question€of€theÏindependence€of€experts.€€They€recalled€the€provision€of€the€Convention€whichÏstates€that€members€shall€serve€in€their€personal€capacity;€they€reaffirmedÏthat€their€mandate€derives€from€the€provisions€and€principles€of€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€and€that€the€Committee€members€areÏsolely€accountable€to€the€children€of€the€world.€€It€was€pointed€out€that,Ïalthough€elected€by€States€parties'€representatives,€members€do€not€representÏtheir€country,€Government€or€any€other€organization€to€which€they€may€belong.€ÏIn€view€of€the€relevance€of€this€consideration,€and€in€order€to€ensure€theÏprinciple€of€impartiality,€the€members€of€the€Committee€reiterated€theÏdesirability€of€not€participating€in€the€Committee's€discussions€during€theÏexamination€of€the€reports€submitted€by€their€own€Governments.€€They€also€recognized€that,€when€acting€in€the€framework€of€the€rights€of€the€child,Ïthere€is€a€need€to€clearly€distinguish€between€their€personal€or€professionalÏrole€and€their€role€as€members€of€the€Committee.ÌÌà@”..¾ à2.€€òòFirst€informal€regional€meetingóóˆÌÌ34.àb..bàFollowing€a€decision€taken€by€the€Committee€at€its€first€session,€a€firstÏinformal€regional€consultation€of€the€Committee€for€the€Latin€American€andÏCaribbean€region€was€held€in€Quito,€from€1€to€5€June€1992.€€The€purposes€ofÏthe€meeting,€which€was€organized€by€UNICEF€with€the€cooperation€of€the€CentreÏfor€Human€Rights€and€support€and€assistance€from€United€Nations€agencies€andÏbodies€and€other€competent€bodies€active€in€the€field€of€the€rights€of€theÏchild,€were:€€(a)€to€provide€an€opportunity€to€promote,€at€the€regional€level,Ïa€greater€awareness€of€the€principles€and€provisions€of€the€Convention€and€ofÏthe€role€and€functions€of€the€Committee€in€monitoring€the€implementation€ofÏthe€rights€of€the€child;€(b)€to€enhance€international€cooperation€and€jointÏefforts€between€the€various€bodies€and€bodies€which€have€a€role€in€theÏimplementation€of€the€rights€recognized€by€the€Convention;€and€(c)€to€enableÏmembers€of€the€Committee€to€acquire€a€better€knowledge€and€understanding€ofÏrealities€through€directly€observing€òòin€situóó€the€actual€situation€of€childrenÏin€the€region.ÌÌ35.àb..bàMembers€of€the€Committee€were€extensively€briefed€about€the€economic€andÏpolitical€situation€in€Latin€America€and€the€Caribbean€as€it€affects€theÏliving€conditions€and€rights€of€children.€€Various€themes€relating€to€theÏsituation€of€children€were€discussed,€including€health€and€nutrition,Ïeducation,€child€labour,€refugee€children€and€the€legislative€status€ofÏminors.€€The€availability€of€advisory€services€and€technical€assistance€in€theÏfield€of€human€rights€was€also€reviewed.€€Information€was€provided€on€nationalÏprogrammes€of€action€elaborated€by€Governments€in€response€to€the€World€SummitÏfor€Children.€€A€round„table€discussion€took€place€with€the€participation€ofÏvarious€non„governmental€organizations€active€in€the€field€of€the€rights€ofÏthe€child.€€Children€representing€children's€organizations€also€participatedÏin€the€debate€and€outlined€some€of€the€problems€they€were€facing.€€Field€tripsÏto€different€parts€of€the€country€gave€members€of€the€Committee€theÏopportunity€to€visit€various€community€projects€in€the€field€of€health,Ïnutrition,€education,€water€and€sanitation,€as€well€as€projects€relating€toÏstreet€children.ÌÌ36.àb..bàIn€assessing€the€results€of€the€meeting,€the€Committee€expressed€itsÏgratitude€to€UNICEF€and€to€the€Government€of€Ecuador€and€considered€that€theÏobjectives€of€the€consultation€had€been€fully€achieved.€€The€wide€coverage€ofÏthe€meeting€by€local,€national€and€regional€mass€media€had€provided€anÏopportunity€for€a€great€mobilization€of€public€opinion€in€favour€of€the€rightsÏof€the€child.€€The€meeting€had€also€been€the€occasion€for€a€valuable€exchangeÏof€views€between€Committee€members€and€intergovernmental€and€non„governmentalÏbodies€on€how€best€to€secure€cooperation€and€dialogue€among€all€the€variousÏbodies€concerned€with€the€promotion€and€protection€of€the€rights€of€the€child.€ÏFinally,€the€regional€meeting€had€enabled€Committee€members€to€observe€andÏassess€the€situation€of€children€in€the€region€through€direct€contacts€withÏchildren€and€their€living€environment,€which€had€shed€light€on€factors€andÏdifficulties€encountered€and€progress€achieved€in€practice€in€implementing€theÏrights€recognized€in€the€Convention.̇37.àb..bàTaking€into€account€the€positive€results€of€this€first€informal€regionalÏconsultation,€the€Committee€expressed€the€hope€that€similar€informal€meetingsÏwould€be€organized€in€the€future€in€other€regions€and€that€they€would€become€aÏregular€feature€of€its€activities.ÌÌà@”..Bà3.€€òòCountry€filesóóˆÌÌ38.àb..bàThe€Committee€reiterated€the€importance€of€maintaining€files€ofÏinformation€on€each€State€party,€and€requested€the€Secretariat€to€continueÏorganizing€country€files€on€each€State€party€whose€report€is€due€to€beÏconsidered€by€the€Committee.€€The€country€files€should€include€relevantÏmaterial€compiled€from€reports€submitted€by€the€State€party€to€other€treatyÏbodies,€relevant€reports€submitted€to€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights,€theÌSub„Commission€on€Prevention€of€Discrimination€and€Protection€of€Minorities.€ÏThe€same€would€apply€to€the€material€received€from€the€specialized€agencies,ÏUNICEF€and€other€United€Nations€bodies€and€competent€bodies;€to€this€purposeÏthe€Committee€recognized€the€need€to€inform€these€bodies€in€advance€of€theÏschedule€of€consideration€of€States€parties'€reports.ÌÌà@”..†à4.€€òòPre„sessional€working€groupóóˆÌÌ39.àb..bàThe€Committee€agreed€that€States€parties'€reports€would€be€primarilyÏreviewed€in€a€pre„sessional€working€group,€to€be€held€approximately€two€monthsÏto€six€weeks€prior€to€the€convening€of€each€session,€where€the€main€questionsÏthat€would€need€to€be€further€discussed€with€representatives€of€the€reportingÏStates€would€be€identified.€€The€Committee€highlighted€the€need€forÏestablishing€an€informal€technical€advisory€group€where€United€Nations€bodies,Ïspecialized€agencies€and€other€competent€bodies€would€be€represented,€in€orderÏto€assist€the€Committee€in€its€tasks,€in€the€spirit€of€article€45€of€theÏConvention.€€The€purpose€of€this€procedure€would€be€to€increase€the€efficiencyÏof€the€reporting€process€and€facilitate€the€task€of€States€parties€byÏproviding€them€in€advance€with€a€list€of€the€main€issues€which€might€be€raisedÏduring€the€consideration€of€their€reports.ÌÌà@”.. à5.€€òòExamination€of€reports€and€concluding€observationsóóˆÌÌ40.àb..bàThe€Committee€decided€to€devote€at€least€two€meetings€to€each€StateÏparty's€report.€€It€expressed€the€hope€that€the€reporting€States€would€sendÏhigh„level€representatives€to€attend€those€meetings,€in€order€to€enable€anÏeffective€and€constructive€dialogue€to€take€place€between€the€States€partiesÏand€the€Committee,€in€the€light€of€rule€68€of€the€provisional€rules€ofÏprocedure.ÌÌ41.àb..bàThe€Committee€decided€that€it€would€issue,€at€the€end€of€theÏconsideration€of€each€report,€concluding€observations€reflecting€the€mainÏpoints€of€discussion€and€indicating€issues€that€would€require€a€specificÏfollow„up.€€These€concluding€observations€would€serve€as€a€starting€point€forÏthe€periodic€reports€to€be€submitted€by€States€parties€at€a€later€stage.ÌÌÔ ÔÔ Ô42.àb..bàThe€Committee€emphasized€the€importance€of€providing€the€State€party,Ïfollowing€the€examination€of€its€report,€with€an€authoritative€statementÏconveying€the€views€of€the€Committee€on€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionÏby€that€State€party.€€It€recalled,€in€that€perspective,€the€recent€procedure€followed€by€the€Human€Rights€Committee€to€ensure€that€the€concludingÏobservations€would€follow€a€common€structure,€including€an€introduction€of€aÏgeneral€nature,€a€chapter€on€progress€achieved,€another€on€factors€andÏdifficulties€impeding€the€application€of€the€Convention,€one€on€the€principalÏsubjects€of€concern,€and€a€final€one€including€suggestions€and€recommendationsÏto€be€addressed€to€the€State€party.ÌÌà@”..zà6.€€òòAdvisory€servicesóóˆÌÌ43.àb..bàThe€Committee€considered€the€different€activities€developed€within€thisÏprogramme,€as€well€as€the€opportunities€it€provided€in€order€to€reinforce€theÏawareness€and€implementation€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child.ÌThe€Committee€recalled€the€opportunity€it€would€be€given,€following€theÏexamination€of€States€parties€reports,€to€make€concrete€suggestions€andÏproposals€for€specific€activities€to€be€considered€and€implemented€by€theÏtechnical€assistance€and€advisory€services€programme.€€In€this€regard,Ïreference€was€made€to€the€need€to€ensure€an€evaluation€of€such€implementationÏand€activities.ÌÌ44.àb..bàMembers€of€the€Committee€reiterated€the€importance€of€the€technicalÏassistance€and€advisory€services€programme€in€relation€to€the€rights€of€theÏchild;€they€stressed€the€necessity€to€increase€awareness€among€States€partiesÏthat€might€face€difficulties€in€the€preparation€and€submission€of€reports€orÏin€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€on€the€availability€of€this€programme,Ïand€the€possibility€to€obtain€from€it€adequate€support€for€the€implementationÏof€the€Convention.ÌÌà@”..ð à7.€€òòTechnical€assistance€or€adviceˆÌóóÌ45.àb..bàThe€exchange€of€views€established€with€the€different€United€NationsÏbodies€and€other€competent€bodies€provided€the€Committee€with€information€onÏimportant€programmes€set€up€at€the€country€and€regional€levels€in€relation€toÏthe€rights€of€the€child.€€It€was€clear€that€the€Convention€had€become€a€basicÏframework€and€focal€point€when€planning€and€implementing€such€programmes.€ÏMoreover,€the€indivisibility€of€the€rights€of€the€child€had€given€way€to€anÏinteraction€between€different€agencies€and€competent€bodies€when€consideringÏprogrammes€of€technical€assistance,€either€at€the€level€of€implementation€orÏin€the€field€of€advocacy€and€training.€€Such€activities€would€not€only€assistÏin€the€dissemination€of€information€on€the€Convention€but€also€raise€awarenessÏin€this€regard€at€the€€national€and€local€community€levels.ÌÌ46.àb..bàIn€the€course€of€the€discussion,€it€became€clear€that€a€common€concernÏexisted€on€the€need€to€orient€all€these€actions€in€order€to€build€and€developÏa€capacity€at€the€national€level€to€deal€with€the€rights€of€the€child.ÌParticular€interest€was€paid€to€the€system€of€evaluation€and€follow„up€of€theÏlaunched€programmes€of€technical€assistance€and€advice,€the€Committee€havingÏbeen€informed€on€the€practice€followed€by€United€Nations€bodies.ÌÌÇÔ ( ÔE.€€òòPreparatory€activities€relating€toóóÌÔ º Ôòòthe€World€Conference€on€Human€RightsóóÌÌ47.àb..bàThe€Chairperson€summerized€developments€that€had€taken€place€in€thisÏregard€since€the€previous€session:€€she€referred€to€the€main€steps€taken€inÏthe€course€of€the€second€(30March„10April€1992)€and€thirdÏ(14-18September1992)€sessions€of€the€Preparatory€Committee€for€the€WorldÏConference,€it€had€been€agreed€to€convene€the€World€Conference€in€Vienna,ÏAustria,€from€14to€25June1993.€€She€informed€the€Committee€of€regionalÏmeetings€which€were€to€be€held€in€Tunis€(2to€6November1992),€San€JosÏ(30November€to€4December1992)€and€Bangkok€(at€the€beginning€of€1993),€andÏindicated€that€the€fourth€session€of€the€Preparatory€Committee€would€be€heldÏfrom€22March€to€2April1993.€€The€Chairperson€underlined€the€difficultiesÏfaced€during€the€preparatory€process,€in€particular€with€regard€to€theÏinclusion€of€specific€items€in€the€provisional€agenda€for€the€WorldÏConference.€€With€respect€to€the€role€and€contribution€of€the€human€rightsÏtreaty€bodies€to€the€work€of€the€Conference,€the€Chairperson€referred€to€theÏprovisions€of€rule€65€of€the€draft€rules€of€procedure€for€the€WorldÏConference,€according€to€which€the€chairperson€or€other€designated€members€ofÏhuman€rights€treaty€bodies€may€participate€as€observers€in€the€deliberationsÏof€the€Conference.ÌÌ48.àb..bàThe€Committee€endorsed€the€suggestion€presented€to€the€Fourth€Meeting€ofÏpersons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies,€aiming€at€the€establishmentÏof€a€special€working€group€during€the€deliberations€of€the€PreparatoryÏCommittee€and€the€World€Conference€itself,€to€examine€the€issues€relevant€toÏthe€implementation€of€existing€human€rights€standards€and€instruments,Ïevaluate€the€effectiveness€of€United€Nations€methods€and€mechanisms,€andÏformulate€concrete€recommendations€for€improving€their€effectiveness.€€It€wasÏnoted€that€the€treaty€bodies€could€communicate€their€experiences€andÏrecommendations€to€the€World€Conference€through€specific€contributions€to€beÏpresented€to€the€fourth€session€of€the€Preparatory€Committee.€€The€membersÏrecalled€that€they€had€recommended,€at€their€previous€session,€the€inclusionÏof€an€item€on€the€agenda€of€the€World€Conference€which€would€specificallyÏdiscuss€the€issue€of€the€rights€of€the€child,€as€well€as€the€convening€of€aÏmeeting€of€members€of€human€rights€treaty€bodies,€as€part€of€the€preparatoryÏprocess,€in€order€to€facilitate€a€comprehensive€evaluation€of€the€work€ofÏthose€bodies€with€a€view€to€making€recommendations€for€the€improvement€ofÏtheir€functioning€(recommendation€5).€€The€Committee€expressed€satisfaction€atÏthe€inclusion,€in€the€provisional€agenda€for€the€forthcoming€Fourth€Meeting€ofÏpersons€chairing€the€treaty€bodies,€of€the€consideration€of€the€question€ofÏcomments€and€recommendations€to€the€Preparatory€Committee€for€the€WorldÏConference€on€human€rights.ÌÌàb..bàF.€€òòContribution€to€the€Fourth€Meeting€of€persons€chairing€the€humanÌóóòòàb..bàóó€€€€òòrightsóóòò€óóòòtreaty€bodies:€€Question€of€reservations€and€declarationsóóÌÌ49.àb..bàThe€Committee€had€before€it€the€list€of€reservations,€declarations€andÏobjections€made€to€the€Convention€(CRC/C/2/Rev.l),€as€well€as€an€informal€noteÏprepared€by€the€Secretariat€on€the€question€of€reservations€made€by€StatesÏparties€to€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€following€a€request€madeÏby€the€Committee€at€its€first€session.€€Members€of€the€Committee€stressed€theÏimportance€of€contributing€to€the€Meeting€of€persons€chairing€the€€human€rights€treaty€bodies€and€expressed€the€view€that€the€question€of€reservationsÏand€declarations€was€an€issue€of€common€concern€and€interest€to€those€bodies.ÌÌ50.àb..bàThe€Committee€emphasized€that€the€unprecedented€number€of€States€that€hadÏso€rapidly€ratified€or€adhered€to€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€ChildÏclearly€illustrated€the€universal€support€for€the€principles€enshrined€thereinÏand€the€political€will€and€commitment€of€States€parties€to€implement€itsÏprovisions.ÌÌ51.àb..bàIt€was€noted€that€some€of€the€reservations€and€declarations€made€to€theÏConvention€contributed€to€reinforce€the€standards€it€set€forth.€€Such€was€theÏcase,€for€example,€of€reservations€and€declarations€entered€by€some€StatesÏparties€to€the€provisions€of€article€38,€by€which€those€States€are€raising€theÏminimum€age€of€recruitment€into€the€armed€forces.€€Some€reservations€andÏdeclarations,€on€the€other€hand,€could€express€a€restrictive€interpretation€ofÏthe€provisions€of€the€Convention.€€The€Committee€recognized€the€need€to€keepÏas€its€primary€consideration€the€spirit€of€understanding€and€consensusÏderiving€from€the€Convention,€and€not€to€refer€to€the€question€of€reservationsÏand€declarations€as€a€dividing€factor€which€would€undermine€this€spirit.ÌÌ52.àb..bàIt€was€also€stressed€that€the€Convention€had€introduced€a€holisticÏapproach€to€the€rights€of€the€child,€which€were€all€interrelated.€€The€factÏthat€each€right€was€fundamental€to€the€dignity€of€the€child€and€had€an€impactÏon€the€enjoyment€of€other€rights€was€to€be€taken€into€consideration€in€dealingÏwith€the€issue€of€reservations€and€declarations.ÌÌ53.àb..bàThe€Committee€recognized€the€importance€of€tackling€the€question€ofÏreservations€and€declarations€in€the€course€of€its€consideration€of€reportsÏsubmitted€by€States€parties.€€In€its€dialogue€with€the€reporting€States,€itÏshould€encourage€those€who€had€entered€reservations€and€declarations€toÏconsider€whether€such€reservations€and€declarations€were€still€needed€or€couldÏeventually€be€withdrawn.€€States€parties€should€also€be€requested€to€provideÏthe€Committee€with€information€on€the€way€in€which€reservations€andÏdeclarations€they€had€entered€were€reflected€and€applied€in€their€nationalÏlegislations,€taking€into€account€the€fact€that€in€all€actions€concerningÏchildren€the€best€interests€of€the€child€shall€be€a€primary€consideration.ÌÌà@”..NàG.€€òòUrgent€action€procedureóóˆÌÌ54.àb..bàThe€Committee€had€before€it€a€discussion€paper€prepared€by€one€of€itsÏmembers.€€The€Committee€emphasized€the€importance€of€urgent€procedures€withinÏthe€framework€of€its€activities€as€a€treaty€body,€and€the€need€forÏestablishing€some€criteria€to€be€taken€into€consideration€when€an€urgentÏaction€is€envisaged.€€It€recognized€in€this€framework€that€urgent€actionsÏwould€only€be€considered€by€the€Committee€in€cases€relating€to€the€rights€ofÏthe€child€set€forth€in€the€Convention.€€Moreover,€they€would€only€be€taken€upÏwhen€occurring€under€the€jurisdiction€of€a€òòState€partyóó€to€the€Convention.ÌÌ55.àb..bàIn€order€to€ascertain€in€which€cases€such€a€procedure€would€apply,€theÏCommittee€emphasized€that€the€situation€should€be€serious,€i.e.€there€would€beÏa€risk€that€further€violations€might€occur,€and€a€deterioration€of€theÏsituation€should€be€prevented.€€It€was€underlined€that€any€decision€to€dealÏwith€the€situation€without€delay€should€be€taken€up€in€the€spirit€of€dialogue€which€is€to€prevail€in€the€relations€between€the€Committee€and€the€StatesÏparties€to€the€Convention,€and€not€in€an€accusatory€approach.€€Thus,€it€shouldÏbe€based€on€the€merits€of€the€specific€situation€and€not€pursued€for€politicalÏmotivations.€€The€situations€justifying€the€urgent€procedure€would€either€beÏbrought€to€the€attention€of€the€Committee€by€United€Nations€bodies€and€otherÏcompetent€bodies,€or€taken€up€òòex€officioóó€by€the€Committee.€€It€would€rely€onÏaccurate€and€credible€information.€€The€Committee€would€therefore€considerÏsuch€reliable€information€and€assess€whether€the€criteria€for€an€urgentÏprocedure€are€met.€€If€this€is€the€case,€the€Committee€would€transmit€it€toÏthe€State€party€concerned.ÌÔ&  ÔÌ56.àb..bàThe€Committee€emphasized€that€it€considered€the€urgent€procedure€as€aÏpart€of€the€reporting€process€established€by€the€Convention.€€It€recalledÏthat,€in€light€of€article€44,€when€an€urgent€action€is€taken€up€and€addressedÏto€a€particular€State€party,€the€Committee€may€envisage€requesting€from€theÏState€party€concerned€a€report€on€the€implementation€of€specific€provisions€ofÏthe€Convention€or€additional€information€relevant€to€the€implementation€of€theÏConvention.€€The€Committee€may€also€suggest€a€visit€to€the€country€concerned.ÌBoth€initiatives€are€intended€to€enable€the€State€party€to€provide€theÏCommittee€with€a€comprehensive€understanding€of€the€implementation€of€theÏConvention,€particularly€of€those€provisions€where€a€specific€concern€wasÏexpressed.ÌÔ'  ÔÌ57.àb..bàThe€Committee€emphasized€the€importance€for€such€urgent€actions€to€beÏgiven€publicity,€namely€by€their€inclusion€in€the€reports€of€the€Committee.€ÏIt€also€recalled€the€relevance€of€this€procedure€in€the€framework€of€theÏaction€of€other€treaty€bodies.€€It€was€therefore€suggested€that€whenever€theÏurgent€and€serious€cases€taken€up€by€the€Committee€would€be€of€relevance€toÏthe€sphere€of€competence€of€any€other€treaty€body,€they€would€be€brought€toÏthe€consideration€of€that€same€body.ÌÌ58.àb..bàMoreover,€in€view€of€the€fact€that€the€Meeting€of€persons€chairing€theÏhuman€rights€treaty€bodies€would€soon€take€place,€the€Committee€recommendedÏthat€this€important€initiative€be€brought€to€its€attention.€€Finally,Ïreiterating€the€importance€of€maintaining€an€effective€dialogue€andÏcooperation€with€other€human€rights€bodies,€the€Committee€decided€to€informÏthese€bodies€of€the€urgent€and€serious€cases€it€had€considered.ÌÌà@”..àH.€€òòFuture€studiesóóˆÌÌ59.àb..bàThe€Committee€recalled€that,€at€its€previous€session,€it€had€envisagedÏthe€possibility€to€request,€in€accordance€with€the€provisions€ofÏarticle45(c)€of€the€Convention,€the€undertaking€on€its€behalf€of€studies€onÏspecific€issues€relating€to€the€rights€of€the€child,€and€to€address€suchÏrequests€either€to€the€Secretary„General,€through€the€General€Assembly,€or€toÏother€bodies,€including€specialized€agencies,€UNICEF€and€other€competentÏbodies.€€Such€studies€would€contribute€to€an€increased€awareness€and€betterÏunderstanding€of€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€and€their€implementationÏthroughout€the€world.ÌÌ60.àb..bàDuring€the€discussion,€various€topics€were€suggested€as€possible€themesÏfor€future€studies.€€The€important€contribution€that€United€Nations€bodies,Ïspecialized€agencies€and€other€competent€bodies,€including€research€institutes€and€individual€experts,€could€provide€in€this€regard€was€emphasized,€as€wasÏthe€role€of€catalyst€that€the€Committee€could€play€in€developing€the€agendaÏfor€research€and€study€on€the€rights€of€the€child€at€the€international€level.€ÏThe€Committee€recognized€the€importance€of€being€aware€of€studies€relevant€toÏits€work€already€carried€out€or€envisaged€by€various€organizations€and€bodies.€ÏTo€that€end,€the€Committee€€recommended€that€a€list€of€topics€to€which€itÏattached€particular€interest€should€be€transmitted€to€those€same€organizationsÏand€bodies.€€At€the€same€time,€the€Committee€recognized€the€importance€of€thisÏsystem€in€facilitating€the€organization€of€a€bibliographical€networkÏconcerning€the€rights€of€the€child.€€It€therefore€suggested€that€theÏSecretariat€also€be€entrusted€with€this€task.ÌÌà@”..: àI.€€òòGeneral€discussion€on€children€in€armed€conflictsóóˆÌÌ61.àb..bàAt€its€first€session,€the€Committee€decided€to€include€a€specificÏprovision€in€its€rules€of€procedure€on€the€organization,€in€one€or€moreÏmeetings€of€its€regular€sessions,€of€a€general€discussion€on€one€specificÏarticle€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€or€a€related€subject,€asÏa€means€to€enhance€a€deeper€understanding€of€the€contents€of€thisÏinternational€instrument€(rule75).€€At€that€time,€the€Committee€decided€toÏdevote€a€day€of€its€second€session€to€the€consideration€of€the€topic€"ChildrenÏin€armed€conflicts".ÌÌ62.àb..bàThe€decision€to€consider€this€topic€was€based€on:ÌÌàb..bà(a)€€The€outstanding€importance€of€this€issue€in€the€context€of€theÏpromotion€and€protection€of€children's€rights€and€the€role€the€Convention€canÏplay€in€that€respect;ÌÌàb..bà(b)€€The€fact€that,€in€recent€years,€a€growing€number€of€conflicts€areÏoccurring€(more€than€150€since€the€Second€World€War),€using€more€sophisticatedÏand€brutal€weapons€and€fighting€methods,€affecting€a€growing€number€ofÏcivilians,€particularly€children;ÌÌàb..bà(c)€€The€urgency€of€creating€awareness,€raising€concern€and€encouragingÏadequate€action;ÌÌàb..bà(d)€€The€need€to€underline€the€complexity€of€the€question€of€children€inÏarmed€conflicts,€which€should€not€be€simply€reduced€to€the€consideration€of€aÏsingle€provision€of€the€Convention,€namely€article€38.ÌÌ63.àb..bàIn€the€consideration€of€the€topic€in€light€of€the€relevant€provisions€ofÏthe€Convention,€concerns€of€a€different€nature€might€be€raised.€€Among€them:ÌÌàb..bà(a)€€the€relevance€and€adequacy€of€existing€international€instruments,Ïincluding€international€humanitarian€law,€and€the€advisability€of€envisagingÏnew€standard„setting€activities;ÌÌàb..bà(b)€€the€need€to€reinforce€the€adoption€of€preventive€measures,€designedÏeither€to€prevent€conflicts€or€to€prevent€children€from€taking€direct€orÏindirect€part€in€the€hostilities€or€suffering€its€effects;ÌÌàb..bà(c)€€the€need€to€ensure€an€effective€protection€of€children€in€a€periodÏof€armed€conflict,€in€the€overall€framework€of€the€realization€of€all€theÏrights€of€the€child,€inherent€to€his€or€her€dignity€and€essential€to€the€fullÏand€harmonious€development€of€his€or€her€personality;ÌÌàb..bà(d)€€the€need€to€ensure€the€promotion€of€the€physical€and€psychologicalÏrecovery€and€social€reintegration€of€any€child€victim€of,€or€affected€by,€anÏarmed€conflict,€in€an€environment€which€fosters€the€health,€self„respect€andÏdignity€of€the€child.ÌÌ64.àb..bàThe€Committee€devoted€its€38th€and€39th€meetings,€on€5€October€1992,€to€aÏgeneral€discussion€on€Children€in€armed€conflicts.€€The€followingÏorganizations€participated€in€the€debate:€€Food€and€Agriculture€OrganizationÏof€the€United€Nations,€United€Nations€Educational,€Scientific€and€CulturalÏOrganization,€World€Health€Organization,€Office€of€the€United€Nations€HighÏCommissioner€for€Refugees,€United€Nations€Children's€Fund,€InternationalÏCommittee€of€the€Red€Cross,€Friends'€World€Committee€for€Consultation,ÏInstitut€Henri„Dunant,€International€Catholic€Child€Bureau,€InternationalÏCouncil€of€Voluntary€Agencies€and€International€Save€the€Children€Alliance,Ïincluding€Rdda€Barnen€and€Save€the€Children€Fund€UK.€€The€Committee€also€hadÏon€this€occasion€the€opportunity€to€establish€a€dialogue€withÏMr.VititMuntarbhorn,€the€Special€Rapporteur€of€the€Commission€on€HumanÏRights€on€the€Sale€of€Children.ÌÌà@”..4 à1.€€òòRelevance€and€adequacy€of€existing€standardsóóˆÌÌ65.àb..bàReference€was€made€to€the€different€provisions€applicable€in€theÏframework€of€children€in€armed€conflicts,€including€the€four€GenevaÏConventions,€the€additional€Protocols,€the€Declaration€on€the€Protection€ofÏWomen€and€Children€in€Periods€of€Emergency€and€Armed€Conflicts,€theÏDeclaration€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€and€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€ofÏthe€Child.€€Mention€was€also€made€of€other€United€Nations€standards,€such€asÏthe€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€and€GeneralÏComment17€adopted€by€the€Human€Rights€Committee€on€article€24€of€thatÏCovenant.ÌÌ66.àb..bàIt€was€pointed€out€that€there€were€some€situations€in€which€children€didÏnot€benefit€from€the€protection€of€existing€standards,€as€was€very€often€theÏcase€in€internal€strife.€€There€was€therefore€a€need€to€consider€a€set€ofÏminimum€humanitarian€standards€to€be€applicable€in€all€situations€to€allÏchildren,€without€discrimination,€in€a€period€of€armed€conflict,€thus€fillingÏany€possible€existing€gaps.ÌÌ67.àb..bàWhen€basing€the€consideration€of€the€question€of€children€in€armedÏconflicts€on€the€Convention€itself,€it€was€recalled€that€States€parties€haveÏundertaken€to€respect€and€ensure€all€the€rights€set€forth€therein€to€allÏchildren€within€their€jurisdiction€(art.€2).€€States€parties€have€also€made€aÏcommitment€to€adopt€all€appropriate€measures€in€order€to€achieve€such€aÏpurpose€(art.€4)€and€that,€in€all€actions€taken,€the€best€interests€of€theÏchild€shall€be€a€primary€consideration€(art.€3).€€None€of€these€generalÏprovisions€admit€a€derogation€in€time€of€war€or€emergency.ÌÌÔ ÔÔ Ô68.àb..bàIt€was€further€recalled€that€the€Convention,€under€its€article€41,Ïinvites€States€parties€to€always€apply€the€norms€which€are€more€conducive€toÏthe€realization€of€the€rights€of€the€child,€contained€either€in€applicableÏinternational€law€or€in€national€legislation.€€Finally,€attention€was€drawn€toÏthe€fact€that€States€parties€may€also€make€declarations€when€ratifying€orÏacceding€to€the€Convention,€expressing€their€commitment€before€theÏinternational€community€to€apply€more€conducive€standards€than€those€directlyÏderiving€from€the€Convention,€namely€by€not€recruiting€children€under€18€yearsÏof€age€into€the€armed€forces.ÌÌ69.àb..bàThis€framework€led€to€the€consideration€of€different€needed€actions:€Ï(a)ratification€of,€or€accession€to,€existing€relevant€internationalÏinstruments;€(b)€effective€implementation€of€such€standards;€and€(c)Ïimprovement€of€the€existing€normative€framework.ÌÌà@”..Ä à2.€€òòReinforcement€of€preventive€measuresóóˆÌÌ70.àb..bàGeneral€measures€designed€to€prevent€the€occurrence€of€conflicts€wereÏdiscussed.€€Emphasis€was€put€on€the€role€which€education€can€play:€€ÌÌàb..bà(a)à™ ..™ àEducation€in€a€spirit€of€understanding,€solidarity€and€peace,€as€aÏgeneral€and€continuous€process,€as€reflected€in€article€29€of€the€ConventionÏon€the€Rights€of€the€Child;€Ìàb..bàÌàb..bà(b)€à™ ..™ àEducation€and€training€for€the€military€and€for€groups€working€withÏand€for€children;€ÌÌàb..bà(c)€à™ ..™ àEducation€and€dissemination€of€information€specifically€forÏchildren.ÌÌAttention€was€also€drawn€to€the€need€for€creating€awareness€of€the€politicalÏgrounds€for€the€existence€of€conflicts;€such€an€attitude€may€contribute€to€theÏconsideration€of€solutions€of€mediation€or€conciliation€designed€to€preventÏthe€conflict€or€attenuate€its€effects.ÌÌ71.àb..bàImportance€was€also€given€to€the€question€of€arms€expenditures,€the€saleÏof€arms€and€the€advisability€of€considering€an€adequate€monitoring€mechanismÏof€this€reality.€€As€a€general€preventive€measure,€reference€was€also€made€toÏthe€prevention€of€child€abuse€and€neglect,€which€could€contribute€to€theÏprevention€of€future€use€of€violence.ÌÌ72.àb..bàSpecific€preventive€measures€designed€to€prevent€the€involvement€ofÏchildren€in€armed€conflicts€were€also€discussed:€€mention€was€made€of€theÏinterdiction€of€recruitment€into€the€armed€forces€under€a€certain€age,€as€wellÏas€of€the€adoption€of€measures€ensuring€that€children€will€not€take€part€inÏhostilities€or€suffer€their€effects.ÌÌà@”..ž à3.€€òòEnsuring€an€effective€protection€to€children€inˆÌóóàb..bàà™ ..™ ààÐ ..Ð à€òòsituations€of€armed€conflictóóÌÌ73.àb..bàIt€was€recalled€that,€apart€from€article€38,€the€overall€framework€of€theÏrealization€of€the€rights€of€the€child€set€forth€by€the€Convention€should€beÏensured;€this€framework€was€very€often€also€reflected€in€the€provisions€of€humanitarian€law.€€Among€these,€reference€was€made€to€the€importance€of:€Ïprotecting€the€family€environment;€ensuring€the€provision€of€essential€careÏand€assistance;€ensuring€access€to€health,€food€and€education;€€prohibitingÏtorture,€abuse€or€neglect;€prohibiting€the€death€penalty;€and€the€need€toÏpreserve€the€children's€cultural€environment,€as€well€as€the€need€ofÏprotection€in€situations€of€deprivation€of€liberty.€€Particular€emphasis€wasÏalso€put€on€the€need€to€ensure€humanitarian€assistance€and€relief€andÏhumanitarian€access€to€children€in€situations€of€armed€conflict.€€In€thisÏrespect,€special€attention€was€paid€to€important€measures,€such€as€days€ofÏtranquility€and€corridors€of€peace.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€4.€€òòPromotion€of€physical€and€psychologicalóóÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€òòrecovery€and€social€reintegrationóóÌÌ74.àb..bàConsideration€was€particularly€given€to€article€39€of€the€Convention:€Ïdifferent€experiences€and€programmes€were€brought€to€the€attention€of€theÏCommittee,€underlying€the€need€for€resources€and€goods€(namely,€food€andÏmedicine).€€Moreover,€emphasis€was€put€on€the€need€to€consider€a€coherent€planÏfor€recovery€and€reintegration,€to€be€planned€and€implemented€in€a€combinedÏeffort€by€United€Nations€bodies€and€non„governmental€organizations.€€AttentionÏshould€be€paid€to€(a)€the€implementation€and€monitoring€of€adequate€strategiesÏand€(b)€the€need€to€reinforce€the€involvement€of€the€family€and€the€localÏcommunity€in€this€process.ÌÌà@”..ö à5.€€òòFollow„up€to€the€general€discussionóóˆÌÌ75.àb..bàIn€view€of€the€different€contributions€made€and€the€problems€considered,Ïthe€Committee€recognized€that€there€was€a€need€for€a€continuous€response€toÏthe€outstanding€and€complex€question€of€children€in€armed€conflicts,€in€theÏframework€of€its€mandate.€€It€therefore€envisaged€different€measures€which€itÏcould€take€to€face€this€problem:€ÌÌàb..bà(a)€€Development€of€more€specific€guidelines€for€the€implementation€ofÏthe€more€relevant€provisions,€namely€articles€38€and€39;ÌÌàb..bà(b)€à™ ..™ àDrafting€of€a€set€of€recommendations;Ìàb..bàÌ€àb..bà(c)à™ ..™ àConsideration€of€a€preliminary€general€comment;Ìàb..bàÌàb..bà(d)à™ ..™ àRealization€of€general€studies€on€certain€aspects€of€the€problem;Ìàb..bàÌàb..bà(e)à™ ..™ àPreliminary€drafting€of€a€future€optional€protocol€to€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€raising€the€age€of€recruitment€ofÏchildren€into€the€armed€forces€to€18€years€of€age.ÌÌ76.àb..bàTo€consider€these€different€measures,€in€the€light€of€the€generalÏdiscussion€the€Committee€decided€to€establish€a€working€group€composed€of€someÏof€its€members,€entrusted€with€the€task€of€submitting€final€proposals€at€theÏnext€regular€session€of€the€Committee,€scheduled€for€January€1993.ÌÌÇ77.àb..bàFurthermore,€the€Committee€highlighted€that,€in€the€task€of€examiningÏStates€parties€reports,€it€could€envisage:Ìàb..bàÌàb..bà(a)€€Welcoming€the€declaration€made€by€some€States€parties€on€theÏdecision€they€had€taken€not€to€recruit€children€under€the€age€of€18€years;ÌÌàb..bà(b)€€Emphasizing€the€need€for€information€on€the€legislation€and€practiceÏof€States€parties,€as€far€as€the€application€of€article€38€is€concerned;Ìàb..bàÌàb..bà(c)€€Seeking€information,€in€light€of€article€41,€on€whether€the€mostÏconducive€norms€are€applied,€or€encouraging€the€adoption€of€more€protectiveÏprovisions€at€the€national€level;ÌÌàb..bà(d)€€Encouraging€States€parties€to€consider,€when€recruitment€into€theÏarmed€forces€is€admitted€under€the€age€of€18€years,€how€this€situation€takesÏthe€best€interests€of€the€child€as€a€primary€consideration;Ìàb..bàÌàb..bà(e)€€Emphasizing€and€encouraging€States€parties€to€consider,€in€theirÏcontinuous€process€of€monitoring€progress,€whether€all€necessary€andÏappropriate€measures€have€been€adopted€to€ensure€the€full€realization€of€theÏrights€of€the€child,€to€all€children€under€their€jurisdiction.ÌÌà@”..ž àIV.€€DRAFT€PROVISIONAL€AGENDA€FOR€THE€THIRD€SESSIONˆÌÌ78.àb..bàThe€draft€provisional€agenda€for€the€third€session€of€the€Committee€readsÏas€follows:ÌÌàb..bà1.à™ ..™ àAdoption€of€the€agenda.Ìàb..bàÌàb..bà2.à0™ ..™ àInformation€by€the€Secretariat€on€the€action€taken€pursuant€toÏdecisions€adopted€by€the€Committee.ÌÌàb..bà3.à0™ ..™ àSubmission€of€reports€by€States€parties€in€accordance€withÏarticle44€of€the€Convention.ÌÌàb..bà4.à0™ ..™ àReport€on€the€fourth€meeting€of€persons€chairing€the€human€rightsÏbodies.ÌÌàb..bà5.à0™ ..™ àPreparatory€activities€relating€to€the€World€Conference€on€HumanÏRights.ÌÌàb..bà6.à0™ ..™ àReport€on€the€Seminar€on€indicators.ÌÌàb..bà7.à0™ ..™ àReport€on€the€follow„up€to€be€made€to€the€general€discussion€onÏ"Children€in€armed€conflicts".Ìàb..bàÌàb..bà8.à™ ..™ àMethods€of€work€of€the€Committee.Ìàb..bàÌàb..bà9.à™ ..™ àSystem€of€documentation€and€information.ÌÌàb..bà10.à™ ..™ àFuture€studies.ÌÌàb..bà11.à0™ ..™ àConsideration€of€State€party€reports.̇àb..bà12.à™ ..™ àFuture€meetings.ÌÌàb..bà13.à™ ..™ àOther€matters.ÌÌàb..bà14.à™ ..™ àAdoption€of€the€report.ÌÌà@”..€àV.€€ADOPTION€OF€THE€REPORTˆÌÌ79.€àb..bàAt€its€45th€and€46th€meetings,€held€on€8€and€9€October€1992,€theÏCommittee€considered€the€draft€report€on€its€second€session.€€The€report,€asÏamended€during€the€course€of€the€discussion,€was€unanimously€adopted€by€theÏCommittee.ÌÌÌÇà@”..6àANNEX€IˆÌÌà@”..Ä àòòStates€which€have€ratified€or€acceded€toóóˆÌà@”..’ àòòthe€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€ChildóóˆÌà@”..êàòòas€at€29€September€1992€(123)óóˆÌÌòòStatesóóà™ ..™ ààÐ ..Ð à€€€òòDate€of€signatureóóà¬..¬àòòóóòòóóòòDate€of€receipt€ofóó€€€òòDate€of€entryóóÌòòóóàb..bàà™ ..™ ààÐ ..Ð àà..àà>..>ààu..uàà¬..¬àòòinstrument€of€rati„óó€€òòinto€forceóóÌàb..bàà™ ..™ ààÐ ..Ð àà..àà>..>ààu..uàà¬..¬àòòfication/accessionóóòòóóÌÌÓ,"ÿÿ û eEg“{›Çü!,ÓAlbaniaàû ..û à26àe..eàJanuaryàE..Eà1990àg..gà27à“..“àFebruaryà{..{à1992à›..›à28àÇ..ÇàMarchàü!..ü!à1992ÌAngolaàû ..û à14àe..eàFebruaryàE..Eà1990àg..gà05à“..“àDecemberà{..{à1990à›..›à04àÇ..ÇàJanuaryàü!..ü!à1991ÌArgentinaàû ..û à29àe..eàJuneàE..Eà1990àg..gà04à“..“àDecemberà{..{à1990à›..›à03àÇ..ÇàJanuaryàü!..ü!à1991ÌAustraliaàû ..û à22àe..eàAugustàE..Eà1990àg..gà17à“..“àDecemberà{..{à1990à›..›à16àÇ..ÇàJanuaryàü!..ü!à1991ÌAustriaàû ..û à26€JanuaryàE..Eà1990àg..gà06à“..“àAugustà{..{à1992à›..›à05€Septemberàü!..ü!à1992ÌAzerbaijanàû ..û ààe..eààE..Eààg..gà13à“..“àAugustà{..{à1992òòaóó/à›..›à12àÇ..ÇàSeptemberàü!..ü!à1992ÌBahamasàû ..û à30àe..eàOctoberàE..Eà1990àg..gà20à“..“àFebruaryà{..{à1991à›..›à22àÇ..ÇàMarchàü!..ü!à1991ÌBahrainàû ..û ààe..eààE..Eààg..gà13à“..“àFebruaryà{..{à1992òòaóó/à›..›à14àÇ..ÇàMarchàü!..ü!à1992ÌBangladeshàû ..û à26àe..eàJanuaryàE..Eà1990àg..gà03à“..“àAugustà{..{à1990à›..›à02àÇ..ÇàSeptemberàü!..ü!à1990ÌBarbadosàû ..û à19àe..eàAprilàE..Eà1990àg..gà09à“..“àOctoberà{..{à1990à›..›à08àÇ..ÇàNovemberàü!..ü!à1990ÌBelarus€€€àû ..û 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