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àA.€€Submission€of€reportsà“P..Pàˆàö..öà€€€€€19à€ý#..5#à8€ˆÌà÷..÷ààÃ..Ãàà .. àB.€€Consideration€of€reportsà“P..Pàˆàö..öà€€20€„€179à€ý#..5#à9€ˆÌÌ€€€IV.àÃ..Ãàà .. àOTHER€MATTERSà“P..Pàˆàö..öà€€€€180à€ý#..Ñ"à31€ˆÌÌà÷..÷ààÃ..Ãàà .. àA.€€Action€taken€by€the€Commission€onÌà÷..÷ààÃ..Ãàà .. à€€€€Human€Rights€in€the€field€of€theÌà÷..÷ààÃ..Ãàà .. à€€€€rights€of€the€childà“P..Pàˆàö..öà€180€„€184à€ý#..Ñ"à31€ˆÌà÷..÷ààÃ..Ãàà .. àB.€€Participation€in€the€InternationalÌà÷..÷ààÃ..Ãàà .. à€€€€Conference€on€Population€andÌà÷..÷ààÃ..Ãàà .. à€€€€Developmentà“P..ˆà€€ˆàö..öà€€€€185à€ý#..Ñ"à32€ˆÌà÷..÷ààÃ..Ãàà .. àC.€€Situation€of€children€in€the€territoryÌà÷..÷ààÃ..Ãàà .. à€€€€of€former€Yugoslaviaà“P..Pàˆàö..öà€186€„€187à€ý#..Ñ"à32€ˆÌÌ€€€€V.€àÃ..Ãàà .. àDRAFT€PROVISIONAL€AGENDA€FOR€THE€Ìà÷..÷ààÃ..Ãàà .. àSEVENTH€SESSIONà“P..Pàˆàö..öà€€€€188à€ý#..Ñ"à32€ˆÌÌ€€€VI.àÃ..Ãàà .. àADOPTION€OF€THE€REPORTà“P..Pàˆàö..öà€€€€189à€ý#..Ñ"à33€ˆÌÌÌà@”..6àòòAnnexesóóˆÌÌà÷..÷à€€€€€I.à .. àSTATES€WHICH€HAVE€RATIFIED€OR€ACCEDED€TO€Ìà÷..÷ààÃ..Ãàà .. àTHE€CONVENTION€ON€THE€RIGHTS€OF€THE€CHILDÌà÷..÷ààÃ..Ãàà .. àAS€AT€22€APRIL€1994€(158)à“P..Pàˆà€ý#..Ñ"à34€ˆÌÌà÷..÷à€€€€II.à .. àMEMBERSHIP€OF€THE€COMMITTEE€ON€THE€RIGHTSÌà÷..÷ààÃ..Ãàà .. àOF€THE€CHILDà“P..Pàˆà€ý#..Ñ"à39€ˆÌÌà÷..÷à€€€III.à .. àSTATUS€OF€SUBMISSION€OF€REPORTS€BY€STATESÌà÷..÷ààÃ..Ãàà .. àPARTIES€UNDER€ARTICLE€44€OF€THE€CONVENTIONÌà÷..÷ààÃ..Ãàà .. àON€THE€RIGHTS€OF€THE€CHILDà“P..Pàˆà€ý#..Ñ"à40€ˆÌÌà÷..÷à€€€€IV.à .. àLIST€OF€DOCUMENTS€ISSUED€FOR€THE€SIXTHÌà÷..÷ààÃ..Ãàà .. àSESSION€OF€THE€COMMITTEEà“P..Pàˆà€ý#..Ñ"à51€ˆÌÌÌÌÇÓ++÷à öÓÔ Ð ÔI.Ô b ÔCONCLUSIONS€AND€RECOMMENDATIONS€ADOPTED€BY€THEÌÔ b ÔCOMMITTEE€ON€THE€RIGHTS€OF€THE€CHILDÌÌà@”..Tà1.€€òòDissemination€of€informationóóˆÌÌà÷..÷àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌà÷..÷àòòRecognizingóó€the€importance€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€ChildÏand€the€political€commitment€expressed€towards€its€effective€implementation€byÏthe€unprecedented€number€of€ratifications,ÌÌà÷..÷àòòRecallingóó€that€the€World€Conference€on€Human€Rights,€in€its€finalÏdocument,€urged€the€universal€ratification€of€the€Convention€by€1995€and€itsÏeffective€implementation€by€States€parties,ÌÌà÷..÷àòòRecalling€alsoóó€the€high€expectations€for€the€effective€functioning€of€theÏCommittee€as€an€essential€mechanism€for€the€implementation€of€the€Convention,ÌÌà÷..÷àòòRecognizingóó€the€importance€of€promoting€greater€awareness€of€theÏprinciples€and€provisions€of€the€Convention,€as€well€as€of€its€implementationÏsystem,€including€the€activities€developed€by€the€Committee€as€a€treatyÏmonitoring€body,ÌÌà÷..÷àòòDecidesóó€to€request€the€Secretary-General€to€ensure€the€translation€of€theÏreports€of€the€Committee€on€each€of€its€sessions€into€the€official€languagesÏof€the€United€Nations.ÌÌà@”..„à2.€€òòCooperation€with€United€Nations€bodies€„€Children€in€armed€conflictsóóˆÌÌà÷..÷àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌà÷..÷àòòRecallingóó€its€general€discussion€on€the€topic€"Children€in€armedÏconflicts"€and€the€recommendations€adopted€thereon,ÌÌà÷..÷àòòTaking€into€considerationóó€the€serious€attention€paid€by€theÏGeneralAssembly€and€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€to€this€question€and€theÏimportant€resolutions€adopted€in€this€field,ÌÌà÷..÷àòòEncouragedóó€by€the€support€expressed€by€the€World€Conference€on€HumanÏRights€to€the€Committee's€proposal€that€the€Secretary-General€initiate€a€studyÏof€means€of€improving€the€protection€of€children€in€armed€conflicts,ÌÌà÷..÷àòòTaking€noteóó€of€the€request€addressed€to€it€by€the€World€Conference€onÏHuman€Rights€to€study€the€question€of€raising€the€minimum€age€of€recruitmentÏinto€armed€forces,ÌÌà÷..÷àòòHaving€submittedóó€to€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€at€its€fiftieth€sessionÏthe€preliminary€draft€optional€protocol€the€Committee€had€prepared€on€thisÏissue€at€its€third€session€(E/CN.4/1994/91),ÌÌÔ&  Ôà÷..÷à1.àÃ..ÃàòòWelcomesóó€the€decision€of€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€to€establishÏan€open-ended€working€group€to€elaborate€as€a€matter€of€priority€a€draftÏoptional€protocol€to€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€and€to€use€as€aÏbasis€for€its€discussions€the€preliminary€draft€submitted€by€the€Committee€onÏthe€Rights€of€the€Child;ÌÔ'  ÔÌà÷..÷à2.àÃ..ÃàòòDecidesóó€to€submit,€in€the€light€of€the€invitation€addressed€to€it€byÏthe€Secretary-General,€its€comments€on€this€important€issue,€for€considerationÏby€the€working€group;ÌÌà÷..÷à3.àÃ..ÃàòòAlso€decidesóó€to€prepare€such€comments€in€the€light€of€the€thematicÏgeneral€discussion€it€had€previously€held€on€the€question€of€"Children€inÏarmed€conflicts"€and€to€make€available€to€the€working€group€the€relevantÏchapters€of€its€reports€on€this€same€issue.ÌÌà@”..yàÔ x Ô3.€€Ô  ÔòòCooperation€with€United€Nations€bodies€„€Sale€of€children,óóˆÌòòÔ  Ôchild€prostitution€and€child€pornographyóóÌÌà÷..÷àòòThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Childóó,ÌÌà÷..÷àòòRecallingóó€its€general€discussion€on€"Economic€exploitation€of€children"Ïand€the€recommendations€adopted€thereon,ÌÌà÷..÷àòòHaving€consideredóó€the€attention€paid€by€the€General€Assembly€and€theÏCommission€on€Human€Rights€to€the€question€of€the€sale€of€children,€childÏprostitution€and€child€pornography€and€the€resolutions€adopted€by€them€in€thisÏfield,ÌÌà÷..÷àòòTaking€noteóó€of€the€adoption€by€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€ofÏresolution€1994/90€of€9€March€1994€entitled€"Need€to€adopt€effectiveÏinternational€measures€for€the€prevention€and€eradication€of€the€sale€ofÏchildren,€child€prostitution€and€child€pornography",ÌÌà÷..÷àòòEncouragedóó€that€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€in€its€resolutionÏrecognized€the€essential€value€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€ChildÏand€its€effective€implementation€system€at€the€national€and€internationalÏlevels€as€an€essential€means€to€prevent€and€combat€situations€of€sale€ofÏchildren,€child€prostitution€and€child€pornography,ÌÌà÷..÷àòòEncouragedóó€also€by€the€appeal€to€all€States€made€in€the€resolution€toÏadopt€the€necessary€measures€to€eradicate€more€effectively€the€practices€ofÏthe€sale€of€children,€child€prostitution€and€child€pornography,ÌÌà÷..÷àòòRecallingóó€the€consideration€given€by€the€Committee€to€GeneralAssemblyÏresolution€48/156€of€20€December€1993€on€the€same€issue,€as€reflected€in€theÏreport€on€the€Committee's€fifth€session€(CRC/C/24,€paras.€159€„€161),ÌÌà÷..÷àòòRecallingóó€also€the€importance€it€attaches€to€ensuring€close€cooperationÏwith€the€Special€Rapporteur€on€the€sale€of€children,€child€prostitution€andÏchild€pornography€and€to€the€various€meetings€held€with€him€to€exchange€viewsÏon€matters€of€common€concern,ÌÌà÷..÷à1.àÃ..ÃàòòTakes€noteóó€of€the€decision€of€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€toÏestablish€an€open„ended€working€group€responsible€for€elaborating,€as€a€matterÏof€priority,€in€close€cooperation€with€the€Special€Rapporteur€and€theÏCommittee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€guidelines€for€a€possible€draft€optionalÏprotocol€to€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€on€the€sale€of€children,Ïchild€prostitution€and€child€pornography,€as€well€as€the€basic€measures€neededÏfor€their€prevention€and€eradication;ÌÌà÷..÷à2.àÃ..ÃàòòDecidesóó€to€submit,€in€the€light€of€the€invitation€addressed€to€it€byÏthe€Secretary-General,€its€comments€on€guidelines€for€a€possible€draftÏoptional€protocol€for€consideration€by€the€working€group;ÌÌà÷..÷à3.àÃ..ÃàòòAlso€decidesóó€to€prepare€such€comments€in€the€light€of€the€thematicÏgeneral€discussion€held€on€"Economic€exploitation€of€children"€and€to€makeÏavailable€to€the€working€group€the€relevant€chapters€of€its€reports€on€thisÏissue,€in€order€to€ensure€that€due€consideration€is€given€by€the€working€groupÏto€the€recommendations€included€therein;ÌÌà÷..÷à4.àÃ..ÃàòòReaffirmsóó€the€important€framework€established€by€the€Convention€onÏthe€Rights€of€the€Child€to€deal€with€situations€of€sale€of€children,€childÏprostitution€and€child€pornography,€and€in€particular€in€order€to€improve€theÏsystem€of€prevention,€as€well€as€the€protection€and€rehabilitation€ofÏchildren,€at€the€national,€bilateral€and€multilateral€levels;ÌÌà÷..÷à5.àÃ..ÃàòòRecallsóó€that€the€World€Conference€on€Human€Rights€in€the€ViennaÏDeclaration€and€Programme€of€Action€called€on€States€to€integrate€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€into€their€national€action€plans;€ÌÌà÷..÷à6.àÃ..ÃàòòStressesóó€the€decisive€political€commitment€expressed€by€anÏunprecedented€number€of€States€to€the€effective€implementation€of€theÏConvention;ÌÌà÷..÷à7.àÃ..ÃàòòReaffirmsóó€that€States€parties€should€adopt€all€appropriate€measuresÏto€ensure€and€respect€the€rights€recognized€in€the€Convention€to€each€childÏwithout€discrimination€of€any€kind,€the€best€interests€of€the€child€beingÏtheir€primary€consideration€and€due€weight€being€given€to€the€views€expressedÏby€the€child;ÌÌà÷..÷à8.àÃ..ÃàòòStressesóó€that€the€child€affected€by€situations€of€sale,€prostitutionÏand€pornography€should€be€considered€mainly€as€a€victim€and€that€all€measuresÏadopted€should€ensure€full€respect€for€his€or€her€human€dignity,€as€well€asÏspecial€protection€and€support€within€the€family€and€society;ÌÌà÷..÷à9.àÃ..ÃàòòEncouragesóó€the€working€group,€within€the€framework€of€its€mandate,€toÏconsider€the€holistic€approach€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€toÏthe€fundamental€rights€of€the€children,€as€a€continuous€source€of€inspiration;ÌÌà÷..÷à10.àÃ..ÃàòòExpressesóó€the€hope€that€the€activities€developed€by€the€Committee,€inÏparticular€in€the€field€of€the€sale€of€children,€child€prostitution€and€childÏpornography,€will€be€given€due€weight€by€the€working€group.ÌÌÔ&  Ôà@”..Z àII.€€ORGANIZATIONAL€AND€OTHER€MATTERSˆÌÌà@”..Œ àA.€€òòStates€parties€to€the€Conventionóóˆàö..öàÌÌ1.à÷..÷àAs€at€22€April€1994,€the€closing€date€of€the€sixth€(special)€session€ofÏÔ'  Ôthe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€there€were€158€States€parties€to€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child.€€The€Convention€was€adopted€by€theÏGeneral€Assembly€in€resolution€44/25€of€20November€1989€and€opened€forÏsignature€and€ratification€or€accession€in€New€York€on€26January€1990.€€ItÏentered€into€force€on€2€September€1990,€in€accordance€with€the€provisions€ofÏits€article€49.€€A€list€of€States€that€have€signed,€ratified€or€acceded€to€theÏConvention€is€contained€in€annex€I€to€the€present€report.ÌÌ2.à÷..÷àThe€texts€of€the€declarations,€reservations€or€objections€made€by€StatesÏparties€with€respect€to€the€Convention€are€reproduced€in€documentÏCRC/C/2/Rev.2.ÌÌà@”..ö àB.€€òòOpening€and€duration€of€the€sessionóóˆÌÌ3.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€held€its€sixth€(special)€sessionÏat€the€UnitedNations€Office€at€Geneva€from€5€to€22€April€1994.€€The€conveningÏof€the€special€session€had€been€decided€by€the€Committee,€in€conformity€withÏrule€3€of€its€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€at€its€fourth€session,€in€viewÏof€the€need€to€adopt€urgent€and€adequate€solutions€to€meet€the€highÏexpectations€created€by€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€and€itsÏimplementation.€€The€Committee€held€26€meetings€(131st€to€156th).€€An€accountÏof€the€Committee's€deliberation€at€its€sixth€session€is€contained€in€theÏrelevant€summary€records€(CRC/C/SR.131„137,€139„141,€143„152€and156).ÌÌà@”..êàC.€€òòMembership€and€attendanceóóˆÌÌ4.à÷..÷àAll€members€except€Mrs.€Sardenberg€attended€the€sixth€session.€ÏMrs.Badran,€Mgr.Bambaren€Gastelumendi€and€Mrs.€Belembaogo€were€unable€toÏattend€the€entire€session.€€A€list€of€the€members€of€the€Committee,€togetherÏwith€an€indication€of€the€duration€of€their€terms€of€office,€appears€inÏannexII€to€the€present€report.ÌÌ5.à÷..÷àThe€following€United€Nations€bodies€were€also€represented€at€the€session:€ÏUnited€Nations€Children's€Fund,€Office€of€the€United€Nations€High€CommissionerÏfor€Refugees.ÌÌ6.à÷..÷àThe€following€specialized€agencies€were€also€represented€at€the€session:€ÏInternational€Labour€Organisation,€United€Nations€Educational,€Scientific€andÏCultural€Organization,€World€Health€Organization.ÌÌ7.à÷..÷àThe€following€organization€was€also€represented:€€International€CommitteeÏof€the€Red€Cross.ÌÌ8.à÷..÷àIn€addition,€the€Agence€de€Cooperation€Culturelle€et€Technique€wasÏrepresented€at€the€session.ÌÌ9.à÷..÷àRepresentatives€of€the€following€non„governmental€organizations€were€alsoÏin€attendance€at€the€session:̇à÷..÷àòòCategory€Ióó:€€International€Movement€ATD€Fourth€World,€Zonta€International;ÌÌà÷..÷àòòCategory€IIóó:€€Defence€for€Children€International,€InternationalÏAssociation€of€Penal€Law,€International€Federation€of€Women€Lawyers;ÌÌà÷..÷àòòRosteróó:€€Association€for€Childhood€Education€International;ÌÌà÷..÷àòòOthersóó:€€Indigenous€Peoples'€Documentation€Centre€(DOCIP),€NGO€Group€forÏthe€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€World€Association€for€the€School€asÏan€Instrument€of€Peace.ÌÌà@”.. àD.€€òòAgendaóóˆÌÌ10.à÷..÷àAt€its€131st€meeting,€on€5€April€1994,€the€Committee€adopted€theÏprovisional€agenda€(CRC/C/25).€€The€agenda€of€the€sixth€(special)€session,€asÏadopted,€was€as€follows:ÌÌà÷..÷à1.àÃ..ÃàAdoption€of€the€agenda.Ìà÷..÷à2.àÃ..ÃàOrganizational€and€other€matters.Ìà÷..÷à3.à0Ã..ÃàSubmission€of€reports€by€States€parties€in€accordance€with€article44Ïof€the€Convention.Ìà÷..÷à4.àÃ..ÃàConsideration€of€reports€by€States€parties.Ìà÷..÷à5.àÃ..ÃàOther€matters.ÌÌà@”..Ö àE.€€òòMeeting€with€the€High€Commissioner€for€Human€RightsóóˆÌÌ11.à÷..÷àAt€the€152nd€meeting€on€19€April€1994,€the€High€Commissioner€for€HumanÏRights,€Mr.€J.€Ayala€Lasso,€addressed€the€Committee.ÌÌ12.à÷..÷àIn€his€statement,€the€High€Commissioner,€recalling€the€World€Conference€onÏHuman€Rights€held€at€Vienna€in€1993,€stressed€that€international€cooperationÏand€solidarity€should€be€promoted€to€support€the€implementation€of€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€and€that€such€rights€should€be€aÏpriority€in€the€United€Nations€system-wide€action€on€human€rights.€€TheÏunprecedented€number€of€States€parties€to€the€Convention€made€it€the€leadingÏhuman€rights€instrument€and€was€a€heartening€sign€of€the€widespread€commitmentÏand€political€will€to€promote€and€protect€the€rights€of€the€child;€it€broughtÏcloser€the€goal€of€universal€ratification€by€1995,€urged€by€the€WorldÏConference€on€Human€Rights.ÌÌ13.à÷..÷àThe€High€Commissioner€recognized€the€need€for€adequate€solutions€to€meetÏthe€high€expectations€created€by€the€Convention€and€its€implementation€systemÏand€to€face€the€Committee's€heavy€work„load.€€In€that€regard,€he€assured€theÏCommittee€of€his€full€support€for€the€expeditious€and€effective€discharge€ofÏthe€Committee's€mandate.ÌÌÔ&  Ôà@”..†àF.€€òòPre„sessional€working€groupˆÌóóÌ14.à÷..÷àIn€accordance€with€the€decision€of€the€Committee€at€its€first€session,€aÏpre„sessional€working€group€met€at€Geneva€from€31January€to€4February1994.€ÏAll€members€except€Mrs.€Sardenberg€participated€in€the€working€group.Ô'  ÔÌÌÓ++÷à öÓ15.à÷..÷àIn€the€course€of€its€meetings,€the€pre„sessional€working€group€examinedÏlists€of€issues€put€before€it€by€members€of€the€Committee€relating€to€theÏinitial€reports€of€the€following€sixcountries:€€Argentina,€Burkina€Faso,ÏChile,€Honduras,€Jordan€and€Norway.€€The€lists€of€issues€were€transmitted€toÏthe€respective€permanent€missions€of€the€States€concerned€with€a€note€whichÏstated,€òòinteraliaóó,€the€following:ÌÌà0÷..÷ààÃ..Ãà"The€Committee€wishes€to€receive,€if€possible€before€7€March€1994,Ïwritten€answers€to€the€issues€raised€in€the€list.€€The€list€is€notÏintended€to€be€exhaustive€and€it€should€not€be€interpreted€as€limiting€orÏin€any€other€way€prejudging€the€type€and€range€of€questions€which€membersÏof€the€Committee€might€wish€to€pose.€€However,€the€working€group€believesÏthat€the€constructive€dialogue€which€the€Committee€wishes€to€have€with€theÏrepresentatives€of€the€reporting€States€can€be€facilitated€by€making€theÏlist€and€the€written€answers€to€it€available€in€advance€of€the€Committee'sÏsession".ÌÌ16.à÷..÷àOn€the€basis€of€a€decision€taken€by€the€pre„sessional€working€group€of€theÏfifth€session€of€the€Committee,€the€working€group€established€informalÏcontacts€with€the€permanent€missions€of€States€whose€reports€were€scheduledÏfor€consideration€at€the€forthcoming€session,€in€order€to€inform€them€of€theÏprocedure€followed€by€the€Committee€for€the€consideration€of€reports€andÏclarify€the€purposes€of€the€dialogue€with€representatives€of€the€StatesÏparties.ÌÌà@”..äàG.€€òòOrganization€of€workóóˆÌÌ17.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€considered€the€organization€of€work€at€its€131st€meeting,€onÏ5April1994.€€The€Committee€had€before€it€the€draft€programme€of€work€for€theÏsixthsession,€prepared€by€the€Secretary„General€in€consultation€with€theÏChairperson€of€the€Committee,€and€the€report€of€the€Committee€on€itsÏfifthsession€(CRC/C/24).ÌÌà@”..NàH.€€òòFuture€regular€meetingsˆÌóóÌ18.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€noted€that€its€seventh€session€would€take€place€fromÏ26September€to€14€October€and€that€the€pre„sessional€working€group€for€theÏeighth€session€would€meet€from€17€to€21€October€1994.ÌÌÔ T ÔIII.€€Ô $ ÔREPORTS€BY€STATES€PARTIES€UNDER€ARTICLE€44ÌÔ $ ÔOF€THE€CONVENTIONÌÌà@”..²àA.€€òòSubmission€of€reportsóóˆÌÌ19.à÷..÷àIn€connection€with€this€item,€the€Committee€had€before€it€the€followingÏdocuments:€€(i)Notes€by€the€Secretary„General€on€initial€reports€of€StatesÏparties€due€in€1992€(CRC/C/3),€1993€(CRC/C/8/Rev.2),€1994€(CRC/C/11/Rev.3),Ïand€1995€(CRC/C/28);€(ii)€Note€by€the€Secretary„General€on€the€States€partiesÏto€the€Convention€and€the€status€of€submission€of€reports€(CRC/C/26);Ï(iii)Note€by€the€Secretary„General€on€the€follow„up€to€the€consideration€ofÏinitial€reports€of€States€parties€to€the€Convention€(CRC/C/27).€€The€CommitteeÏwas€informed€that,€in€addition€to€the€seven€reports€that€were€scheduled€forÏconsideration€by€the€Committee€at€its€present€session€(see€paras.€22„23€below)€and€those€which€had€been€received€prior€to€the€Committee's€fifth€session€(seeÏCRC/C/24,€para.€18),€the€Secretary-General€had€received€the€initial€reports€ofÏthe€HolySee€(CRC/C/3/Add.27),€Sri€Lanka€(CRC/C/8/Add.13)€and€theÏUnitedKingdom€of€Great€Britain€and€Northern€Ireland€(CRC/C/11/Add.1),€as€wellÏas€additional€information€submitted€by€El€Salvador€(CRC/C/3/Add.28)€followingÏa€request€made€by€the€Committee€in€the€course€of€its€consideration€of€theÏinitial€report€submitted€by€ElSalvador€(see€CRC/C/20,€para.€89).€€TheÏCommittee€also€took€note€of€the€fact€that€replies€to€a€number€of€questionsÏraised€during€the€considerations€of€the€initial€reports€of€ColombiaÏ(CRC/C/8/Add.3)€and€Mexico€(CRC/C/3/Add.11)€had€been€sent€in€writing€by€theÏGovernments€of€Colombia€and€Mexico.€€It€also€noted€that€written€replies€to€theÏlist€of€issues€that€had€been€sent€to€the€Government€of€Colombia€prior€to€theÏconsideration€of€Colombia's€initial€report€(CRC/C/8/Add.3)€had€been€submittedÏto€the€Committee.ÌÌà@”..àB.€€òòConsideration€of€reportsóóˆÌÌ20.à÷..÷àAt€its€sixth€session,€the€Committee€examined€initial€reports€submitted€byÏsix€States€parties€under€article€44€of€the€Convention.€€It€devoted€18€of€itsÏ26€meetings€to€the€consideration€of€reports€(CRC/C/SR.132„137,€139„141,Ï143-151).ÌÌ21.à÷..÷àAt€the€request€of€the€Government€of€Argentina,€the€consideration€of€theÏinitial€report€of€Argentina,€which€was€originally€scheduled€for€the€sixthÏsession,€was€postponed.€€Consequently,€the€report€of€Burkina€Faso,€which€hadÏbeen€kept€"in€reserve"€as€a€possible€substitute,€was€scheduled€forÏconsideration.ÌÌ22.à÷..÷àThe€following€reports,€listed€in€the€order€in€which€they€had€been€receivedÏby€the€Secretary„General,€were€before€the€Committee€at€its€sixth€session:€ÏPakistan€(CRC/C/3/Add.13),€France€(CRC/C/3/Add.15),€Honduras€(CRC/C/3/Add.17),ÏJordan€(CRC/C/8/Add.4),€Chile€(CRC/C/3/Add.18),€Burkina€Faso€(CRC/C/3/Add.19)Ïand€Norway€(CRC/C/8/Add.7).ÌÌ23.à÷..÷àIn€the€course€of€the€session,€the€consideration€of€the€initial€report€ofÏHonduras€was€postponed€at€the€request€of€the€Government€of€Honduras.ÌÌ24.à÷..÷àIn€accordance€with€rule68€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure€of€theÏCommittee,€representatives€of€all€the€reporting€States€were€invited€to€attendÏthe€meetings€of€the€Committee€at€which€their€reports€were€examined.€€All€theÏStates€parties€whose€reports€were€considered€by€the€Committee€sentÏrepresentatives€to€participate€in€the€examination€of€their€respective€reports.ÌÌ25.à÷..÷àThe€following€sections,€arranged€on€a€country„by„country€basis€accordingÏto€the€sequence€followed€by€the€Committee€in€its€consideration€of€the€report,Ïcontain€concluding€observations€reflecting€the€main€points€of€discussion€andÏindicating,€where€necessary,€issues€that€would€require€a€specific€follow„up.€ÏMore€detailed€information€is€contained€in€the€reports€submitted€by€the€StatesÏparties€and€in€the€summary€records€of€the€relevant€meetings€of€the€Committee.ÌÌÌÌÌà@”..ð àòòConcluding€observations:€€PakistanóóˆÌÌ26.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Pakistan€(CRC/C/3/Add.13)Ïat€its€132nd,€133rd€and€134th€meetings€(CRC/C/SR.132„134),€held€on€5€andÏ6April1994,€and€adopted*€the€following€concluding€observations.ÌÌ(a)à÷..÷àòòIntroductionóóÌÌ27.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€notes€the€State€party's€early€ratification€of€the€ConventionÏand€its€role€as€one€of€the€six€initiators€of€the€World€Summit€for€Children€inÏ1990,€which€was€essential€to€the€promotion€and€protection€of€children'sÏrights.ÌÌ28.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€welcomes€the€fact€that€written€responses€were€provided€toÏthe€questions€raised€by€the€Committee€before€the€session.€€It€regrets€that€theÏState€party€report€was€not€prepared€in€accordance€with€the€guidelines€onÏreporting.ÌÌ29.à÷..÷àOn€the€basis€of€information€provided€in€the€initial€report€and€from€theÏdialogue€ensuing€from€its€consideration,€the€Committee€feels€that€existingÏlegislative€and€other€measures€are€not€sufficient€to€ensure€the€implementationÏof€the€Convention.€€At€the€same€time,€the€Committee€takes€note€of€theÏstatements€made€by€the€State€party€representative€that€further€efforts€will€beÏmade€to€address€problems€raised€by€the€Committee.€€In€view€of€this,€theÏCommittee€requests€that€a€progress€report€be€submitted€before€the€end€of€1996.ÌÌ(b)à÷..÷àòòPositive€factorsÌÌóó30.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€welcomes€the€fact€that€a€national€conference€was€organizedÏin€December1991€to€discuss€priority€areas€of€survival,€protection€andÏdevelopment€of€children.€€It€has€taken€note€with€appreciation€of€theÏ"Islamabad€Declaration"€adopted€at€that€conference.ÌÌ31.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€the€positive€support€andÏencouragement€the€Government€is€giving€to€the€South€Asian€Association€forÏRegional€Cooperation€(SAARC)€Decade€for€the€Girl€Child.ÌÌ32.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€welcomes€the€comments€made€by€the€State€party's€delegationÏon€the€importance€it€attaches€to€the€guidance€offered€by€the€Committee€as€toÏthe€steps€to€be€taken€to€effectively€implement€the€Convention€with€theÏassistance€of,€among€others,€international€bodies€and€agencies€andÏnon-governmental€organizations.ÌÌ(c)à0÷..÷àòòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóÌÌ33.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€is€aware€that€the€rate€of€population€growth€in€Pakistan€isÏhigh€and€that€almost€half€the€population€is€under€18.€€It€also€notes€thatÏeconomic€conditions€have€not€been€favourable€and€per€capita€income€is€ÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌà÷..÷à*€€At€the€156th€meeting,€held€on€22€April€1994.Ì̇relatively€low.€€The€influx€of€more€than€3€million€refugees€from€AfghanistanÏhas€placed€a€further€strain€on€resources.€€Other€difficulties€noted€by€theÏCommittee€relate€to€the€high€level€of€illiteracy€and€the€existence€ofÏtraditional€customs€and€values€which€have€delayed€efforts€to€combatÏdiscrimination€against€girls.ÌÌ(d)à÷..÷àòòPrincipal€subjects€of€concernóóÌÌ34.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€is€of€the€opinion€that€the€broad€and€imprecise€nature€of€theÏreservation€made€to€the€Convention€raises€deep€concern€as€to€its€compatibilityÏwith€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Convention.ÌÌ35.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€is€of€the€view€that€due€regard€may€not€have€been€accorded€inÏthe€preparation€of€the€report€to€the€possibility€of€conducting€a€comprehensiveÏoverview€of€the€existing€situation€with€regard€to€the€realization€of€theÏrights€of€the€child€so€as€to€provide€the€basis€for€carefully€targetedÏstrategies,€including€the€establishment€of€priorities,€as€well€as€forÏmonitoring€progress€made.€€Nor€is€it€clear€to€what€extent€the€process€ofÏreviewing€the€situation€of€children€in€the€State€party€was€designed€toÏencourage€and€facilitate€popular€participation€and€public€scrutiny€ofÏgovernment€policies.ÌÌ36.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€also€takes€note€of€the€complexities€arising€from€the€federalÏstructure€of€government€with€regard€to€the€delineation€of€responsibilitiesÏbetween€the€federal€and€provincial€levels;€the€lack€of€administrativeÏcoordination€appears€to€be€a€serious€problem.€€Another€area€of€concern€is€theÏlack€of€consistency€and€clarity€between€some€of€the€laws€and€their€applicationÏwithin€and€between€the€provinces.ÌÌ37.à÷..÷àWhile€the€Committee€takes€note€of€the€State€party's€statement€that€much€ofÏthe€national€legislation€is€not€in€contradiction€with€the€rights€of€the€childÏas€contained€in€the€Convention,€it€is€concerned€that€several€rights€are€notÏrecognized€in€national€law.€€In€particular,€the€legislation€does€not€appear€toÏensure€that€all€children,€including€non-citizens,€are€protected€by€the€rightsÏguaranteed€under€the€Convention.€€In€addition,€the€Committee€notes€theÏnon-compatibility€of€certain€areas€of€national€legislation€with€the€provisionsÏand€principles€of€the€Convention,€including€the€punishment€of€flogging€and€theÏdeath€penalty€and€life€imprisonment€for€children€below€the€age€of€18.ÌÌ38.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€is€concerned€that€insufficient€attention€seems€to€have€beenÏpaid€to€the€provisions€of€article€4€of€the€Convention,€namely€in€the€field€ofÏbudgetary€allocations€and€in€view€of€the€division€of€responsibilities€betweenÏthe€federal€and€provincial€levels.€€The€Committee€notes€that€internationalÏagencies€have€questioned€the€present€balance€of€resource€allocations€in€theÏState€party€between€the€social€and€other€sectors,€including€defence.ÌÌ39.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€expresses€its€concern€about€the€apparent€low€level€ofÏawareness€amongst€the€general€public,€including€children,€and€professionals€asÏto€the€provisions€and€principles€of€the€Convention.ÌÌ40.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€observes€that€sufficient€attention€does€not€appear€to€haveÏbeen€given€to€the€implementation€of€the€general€principles€of€the€Convention,€namely€its€articles€2,€3,€6€and€12,€in€guiding€the€measures€to€be€taken€toÏmake€all€the€rights€of€the€child€a€reality.ÌÌ41.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€is€deeply€concerned€at€the€situation€of€girl€children€asÏregards,€on€the€one€hand,€the€effect€of€legislation€in€place,€measuresÏadopted,€and€practices€and€customs€which€serve€to€discriminate€against€girlÏchildren,€such€as€early€marriage,€and,€on€the€other€hand,€the€insufficientÏattention€accorded€to€their€schooling.ÌÌ42.à÷..÷àDiscrimination€against€disabled€children€is€also€a€matter€of€concern€toÏthe€Committee.ÌÌ43.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€is€concerned€to€note€that€national€health€plans€appear€toÏemphasize€the€training€of€doctors€rather€than€nurses€and€other€healthÏpersonnel,€including€paramedics.€€Its€attention€has€also€been€drawn€to€theÏapparent€lack€of€a€clear€division€of€responsibilities€between€the€provincialÏand€federal€levels€for€the€development€of€a€strong€primary€health„care€system.ÌÌ44.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€is€seriously€concerned€about€the€effectiveness€of€measuresÏto€attain€the€goal€of€primary€education€for€all,€particularly€for€girls.ÌÌ45.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€emphasizes€that€it€is€very€much€concerned€about€the€systemÏof€administration€of€juvenile€justice€and€its€non-compatibility€with€theÏprovisions€of€the€Convention,€including€articles€37,€39€and€40,€and€otherÏrelevant€United€Nation€standards€in€this€field,€namely€the€Beijing€Rules,€theÏRiyadh€Guidelines€and€the€United€Nations€Rules€for€the€Protection€of€JuvenilesÏDeprived€of€their€Liberty.ÌÌ46.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€is€seriously€alarmed€at€the€reports€of€the€forced€labour€ofÏchildren,€the€exploitation€of€child€labour€in€the€informal€and€agricultureÏsectors€and€the€trafficking€of€children€which€have€been€brought€to€itsÏattention.ÌÌ(e)à÷..÷àòòSuggestions€and€recommendationsóóÌÌ47.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€expresses€the€firm€hope€that€the€State€party€will€review€itsÏreservation€with€a€view€to€withdrawing€it.ÌÌ48.à÷..÷àWhile€noting€the€information€contained€in€the€report€that€a€review€of€theÏconformity€of€national€legislation€with€the€Convention€has€been€undertaken,Ïthe€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€to€continue€to€scrutinize€carefullyÏlegislative€and€other€measures€at€both€the€federal€and€provincial€levels€toÏensure€their€full€conformity€with€the€principles€and€provisions€of€theÏConvention,€in€a€comprehensive€and€holistic€manner.€€The€hope€is€alsoÏexpressed€that,€in€this€endeavour,€the€State€party€will€take€into€account€theÏCommittee's€concerns,€particularly€its€recommendations€with€regard€to€theÏabolition€of€flogging€and€capital€punishment€for€children€under€the€age€of€18,Ïand€that€deprivation€of€liberty€should€only€be€used€as€a€measure€of€lastÏresort€and€for€the€shortest€period€of€time,€as€well€as€the€suggestions€made€inÏrespect€of€the€definition€of€the€child,€for€instance€concerning€the€age€ofÏcriminal€responsibility.ÌÌ49.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€to€undertake€a€thorough€review€ofÏits€national€plan€of€action€on€children.€€It€is€recommended€that€the€goals€ofÏthe€plan€should€be€achieved,€measurably,€within€a€specific€time-frame€and€thatÏthe€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€should€be€fully€integrated€into€theÏplan.ÌÌ50.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€emphasizes€the€importance€and€value€of€setting€up€aÏcoordinating€mechanism€with€the€mandate€of€determining€priorities€andÏregularly€monitoring€and€evaluating€progress€in€the€implementation€of€theÏrights€of€the€child€at€the€federal,€provincial€and€local€levels.€€As€a€firstÏstep€in€this€direction,€the€Committee€suggests€that€the€State€party€considerÏthe€possibility€of€setting€up€an€interministerial€committee€or€similar€bodyÏwith€political€authority€to€review€initially€and€determine€appropriate€actionÏto€follow€up€on€the€observations€made€during€the€constructive€dialogue€betweenÏthe€State€party€and€the€Committee.ÌÌ51.à÷..÷àThe€best€interests€of€the€child€is€a€guiding€principle€in€theÏimplementation€of€the€Convention,€including€its€article4.€€In€thisÏconnection,€the€Committee€notes€the€importance,€in€reviewing€budgetÏallocations€to€the€social€sector,€both€at€the€federal€and€provincial€levels,Ïof€implementing€that€principle€and€ensuring€that€the€maximum€amount€ofÏresources€are€made€available€for€children's€programmes.ÌÌ52.à÷..÷àIn€the€view€of€the€Committee,€measures€must€be€taken€to€make€theÏprovisions€and€principles€of€the€Convention€widely€known€among€adults€andÏchildren€alike.€€To€assist€in€these€efforts,€it€is€suggested€that€political,Ïreligious€and€community€leaders€be€encouraged€to€take€an€active€role€inÏsupporting€efforts€to€eradicate€traditional€practices€or€customs€whichÏdiscriminate€against€children,€particularly€the€girl€child,€or€are€harmful€toÏthe€health€and€welfare€of€children.€€In€addition,€it€is€recommended€thatÏtraining€about€child€rights€should€be€given€to€relevant€professional€groups.€€ÌLaw€enforcement€personnel,€including€police€officials€and€judges,€should€beÏaware€of€the€provisions€of€the€Convention,€especially€those€relating€to€theÏsystem€of€the€administration€of€juvenile€justice.ÌÌ53.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€also€recommends€that€the€State€party€should€developÏawareness-raising€and€training€programmes€to€combat€violence€against€childrenÏand€prevent€their€abuse,€neglect,€abandonment€and€ill-treatment.€€SuchÏprogrammes€should€be€addressed,€among€others,€to€parents,€teachers€and€lawÏenforcement€officials.€€Consideration€should€also€be€given€to€theÏestablishment€of€effective€complaints€procedures€in€such€cases.ÌÌ54.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€encourages€the€Government€to€continue€taking€measures€toÏstrengthen€the€primary€health„care€system.€€The€Committee€would€like€to€seeÏgreater€emphasis€on€family€education,€including€family€planning,€andÏencourages€the€training€of€community€health€care„workers€to€assist€in€theseÏtasks.€€The€Committee€also€suggests€that€an€outreach€programme€be€developed€atÏthe€community€level€to€address€issues€relating€to€disabled€children,€in€viewÏof€their€particular€vulnerability.ÌÌ55.à÷..÷àIn€line€with€international€recommendations,€the€Committee€wishes€toÏemphasize€the€importance€of€focusing€attention€on€improving€the€provision€andÏquality€of€education,€especially€in€view€of€its€potential€benefit€for€addressing€various€concerns,€including€the€situation€of€girls€and€theÏincidence€of€children€at€work.€€The€Committee€encourages€the€Government€toÏconsider€taking€active€and€urgent€measures€to€tackle€the€problems€of€the€lowÏenrolment€of€girls€in€school,€the€high€incidence€of€school€drop-out,€andÏilliteracy,€especially€of€girls€and€women.€€Attention€is€drawn€to€theÏpossibility€of€benefiting€from€the€activities€of€women's€groups€to€improveÏaccess€to€education€for€girls€at€the€community€level.ÌÌ56.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€suggests€that€the€system€of€the€administration€of€juvenileÏjustice€be€reviewed€to€ensure€its€compatibility€with€the€provisions€andÏprinciples€of€the€Convention.€€Technical€advice€and€assistance€in€this€regardÏcould€be€sought€from€the€programme€of€advisory€services€and€technicalÏassistance€of€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights.ÌÌ57.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€evaluate€thoroughly€theÏadequacy€of€measures€taken€to€deal€with€issues€of€the€exploitation€ofÏchildren.€€In€the€light€of€the€legislation€recently€adopted€in€this€area,Ïnamely€the€Employment€of€Children€Act€and€the€Bonded€Labour€System€(Abolition)ÏAct,€as€well€as€the€conclusions€of€the€Asian€Regional€Seminar€on€Children€inÏBondage,€held€at€Islamabad,€the€Committee€would€like€to€emphasize€theÏimportance€of€measures€to€be€taken€for€their€enforcement,€particularly€throughÏthe€establishment€of€complaints€and€inspection€procedures€and€vigilanceÏcommittees.€€A€rehabilitation€programme€for€children€released€from€bondedÏlabour€is€also€recommended.€€The€Committee€also€recommends€that€greaterÏattention€be€given€to€the€issues€of€the€employment€of€children€in€the€informalÏsector€and€in€agriculture€and€that€measures€be€taken€to€address€these€issues.€ÏThe€Committee€believes€that€technical€advice,€particularly€from€the€ILO,€mayÏbe€appropriate€with€regard€to€these€matters.ÌÌ58.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€acknowledges€the€willingness€the€State€party€has€shown€forÏmany€years€to€accept€refugees,€particularly€from€neighbouring€countries,€andÏexpresses€the€hope€that€the€Federal€Government€will€continue€to€grant€refugeeÏstatus€to€children€„€and€their€families€„€as€such€needs€arise€in€the€future,Ïas€well€as€ensuring€at€the€same€time€a€comprehensive€system€of€registration.ÌÌ59.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€draws€attention€to€the€provisions€of€article45(b)€of€theÏConvention€relating€to€the€provision€of€technical€assistance€and€advice,€andÏencourages€the€Government€to€continue€its€cooperation€with€intergovernmentalÏand€non-governmental€organizations€for€improvement€of€the€situation€ofÏchildren.€€Moreover,€the€Committee€encourages€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights,ÏUNICEF,€ILO€and€other€interested€organizations€and€agencies€to€provide,€ifÏrequested,€assistance€and€advice€to€the€State€party€for€its€programmes€toÏimplement€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child.ÌÌ60.à÷..÷àFinally,€the€Committee€welcomes€the€undertaking€by€the€State€party'sÏdelegation€that€responses€will€be€submitted€to€the€questions€which€remainedÏunanswered€during€the€dialogue.€€It€also€welcomes€the€invitation€addressed€toÏmembers€of€the€Committee€to€visit€the€State€party.€€It€proposes€that€aÏprogress€report€on€the€implementation€of€the€Convention,€in€conformity€withÏthe€guidelines€on€reporting€and€taking€into€account€the€observations€madeÏduring€the€dialogue€between€the€Committee€and€the€State€party,€be€submitted€toÏthe€Committee€before€the€end€of€1996.ÌÌà@”..` à2.€€òòConcluding€observations:€€Burkina€FasoóóˆÌÌ61.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Burkina€FasoÏ(CRC/C/3/Add.19)€at€its€135th€to€137th€meetings€(CRC/C/SR.135,€136€and€137),Ïheld€on€7€and€8€April€1994,€and€adopted*€the€following€concludingÏobservations.ÌÌ(a)à÷..÷àòòIntroductionóóÌÌ62.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€expresses€its€appreciation€to€the€State€party€for€itsÏreport,€which€has€been€prepared€in€conformity€with€the€Committee's€guidelines,Ïand€for€the€submission€by€the€Government€of€Burkina€Faso€of€written€replies€toÏits€list€of€issues.€€It€notes€with€satisfaction€that€the€supplementaryÏinformation€provided€by€the€delegation€made€it€possible€to€engage€in€a€frankÏand€constructive€dialogue€with€the€State€party.ÌÌ(b)à÷..÷àòòPositive€aspectsÌóóÌ63.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€welcomes€the€measures€undertaken€by€the€Government€ofÏBurkina€Faso€since€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Convention€in€1990€to€promoteÏand€protect€the€rights€of€the€child.€€It€notes€the€adoption€by€the€GovernmentÏof€Burkina€Faso€of€the€National€Plan€of€Action€(NPA)€and€the€establishment€ofÏthe€follow„up€and€Evaluation€Committee€to€monitor€its€implementation;€theÏadoption€of€legislative€measures€prohibiting€female€circumcision€and€theÏsetting€up€of€a€National€Committee€to€Combat€Female€Circumcision;€and€theÏannounced€revision€of€penal€and€labour€legislation€which€will,€òòinter€aliaóó,Ïbring€the€national€law€into€conformity€with€the€international€standards€forÏthe€protection€of€the€rights€of€the€child€set€forth€in€the€Convention€on€theÏRights€of€the€Child.ÌÌ64.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€appreciates€very€much€the€willingness€and€the€readiness€ofÏthe€Government€of€Burkina€Faso€to€cooperate€with€various€intergovernmental€andÏnon„governmental€institutions€in€the€field€of€the€promotion€and€protection€ofÏthe€rights€of€the€child€in€accordance€with€the€standards€set€forth€in€the€ÌConvention.€€The€efforts€made€by€the€Government€to€involve,€at€the€nationalÏand€local€levels,€customary€and€religious€leaders€in€the€implementation€of€theÏrights€of€the€child€are€also€appreciated.Ìòòóóà÷..÷àÌ(c)à0÷..÷àòòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€application€of€the€ConventionóóÌÌ65.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€is€aware€of€the€difficulties€encountered€by€Burkina€Faso,Ïparticularly€those€associated€with€the€low€level€of€adequate€resources,€andÏthe€implementation€of€the€structural€adjustment€policies€and€the€recentÏdevaluation€of€the€CFA€franc.€€Certain€traditional€practices€and€customs,Ïprevailing€particularly€in€rural€areas,€also€create€difficulties€for€theÏapplication€of€the€provisions€of€the€Convention.€€The€Committee€notes€that€theÏÌÌÌ_________ÌÌà÷..÷à*àÃ..ÃàAt€the€156th€meeting,€held€on€22€April€1994.Ì̇Government€of€Burkina€Faso€is€well€aware€of€the€existing€difficulties€impedingÏthe€implementation€of€the€Convention€and€much€appreciates€the€frankness€andÏself„critical€approach€of€the€report€in€this€respect.€€The€Committee,Ïfurthermore,€notes€the€commitment€expressed€by€the€Government€to€doÏeverything,€through€national€as€well€as€international€actions,€in€such€aÏdifficult€situation,€to€ensure€that€children's€problems€are€treated€with€theÏhighest€possible€priority.ÌÌ(d)à÷..÷àòòPrincipal€subjects€of€concernóóÌÌ66.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€expresses€its€concern€about€the€negative€effects€of€povertyÏand€structural€adjustments€on€the€situation€of€children€in€Burkina€Faso,€asÏillustrated€by€the€high€rate€of€infant€mortality,€malnutrition,€as€well€as€theÏlow€level€of€health€services€and€school€attendance.ÌÌ67.à÷..÷àThe€lack€of€adequate€mechanisms€for€the€collection€of€data€on€theÏsituation€of€children€is€also€a€matter€of€concern.ÌÌ68.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€expresses€its€serious€concern€at€the€persistence€ofÏdiscrimination€against€girls€and€women.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€lowÏschool€attendance€and€high€drop„out€rates€among€girls,€especially€at€theÏprimary€level,€and€at€the€continuing€practices€of€female€circumcision,€forcedÏmarriages€and€domestic€violence,€as€well€as€the€low€coverage€and€acceptance€ofÏfamily€planning€programmes.ÌÌ69.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€is€also€concerned€about€the€persistence€of€someÏdiscriminatory€social€attitudes€towards€vulnerable€groups€of€children,Ïincluding€those€born€out€of€wedlock€and€disabled€children.€€The€lack€ofÏadequate€recourse€and€complaints€procedures€for€children,€victims€of€cruelÏtreatment,€including€domestic€violence,€for€cultural€as€well€as€materialÏreasons,€is€also€a€matter€of€concern.ÌÌ70.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€feels€that€the€vaccination€programmes€are€not€adequate,€bothÏin€terms€of€the€range€of€vaccines€offered€and€the€groups€covered,€and€do€notÏcorrespond€to€the€real€needs,€especially€in€rural€areas.ÌÌ71.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€notes€that€the€sanctions€set€forth€in€the€legislation€asÏregards€juvenile€offenders,€especially€in€cases€carrying€the€death€penalty€orÏlife€imprisonment,€reduced€respectively€to€life€imprisonment€or€to€20€years'Ïimprisonment,€are€excessively€high.€€Harsh€sentences,€as€well€as€theÏoccurrence€of€arbitrary€detention€of€juveniles€and€the€admittedly€veryÏdifficult€conditions€of€detention,€are€not€in€conformity€with€the€provisionsÏof€articles€37€and€40€of€the€Convention.ÌÌ72.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€also€expresses€its€concern€about€the€lack€of€adequateÏtraining€provided€to€law€enforcement€officials€and€judicial€personnel€in€theÏlight€of€article€3€of€the€Convention.ÌÌ73.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€is€also€concerned€about€the€lack€of€adequate€protectionÏprovided€to€child€workers,€in€particular€those€employed€in€agriculture,Ïdomestic€service€and€the€informal€sector.ÌÌÌ(e)à÷..÷àòòSuggestions€and€recommendationsÌóóÌ74.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€recommends€that€a€comprehensive€strategy€be€elaborated€andÏeffectively€implemented€by€the€Government€of€the€State€party€to€eradicate€theÏexisting€discrimination€against€girls€and€women.€€In€that€context,€specialÏefforts€should€be€made€to€prevent€existing€practices€of€forced€marriage,Ïfemale€circumcision€and€domestic€violence.€€More€attention€should€be€paid€toÏthe€wider€dissemination€of€knowledge€about€modern€methods€of€family€planning.ÌÌ75.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€also€recommends€that€special€efforts€should€be€made€by€theÏGovernment€to€pursue€the€process€of€bringing€the€existing€legislation€intoÏline€with€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€and€to€take€fully€into€account€theÏinterests€of€the€child€in€the€course€of€drafting€new€legislation,€includingÏthrough€the€possibility€of€considering€a€comprehensive€legislative€act€on€theÏrights€of€the€child.€€The€Penal€and€Labour€Codes,€now€under€revision,€shouldÏbe€brought€in€line€with€the€relevant€provisions€of€the€Convention.ÌÌ76.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€recommends€that€the€personnel€dealing€with€children€beÏprovided€with€adequate€training,€with€particular€emphasis€being€placed€on€theÏprovisions€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child.ÌÌ77.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€also€suggests€that€part€of€the€training€of€law€enforcementÏpersonnel,€judges€and€other€relevant€personnel€be€devoted€to€an€understandingÏof€international€standards€on€juvenile€justice,€including€the€Beijing€Rules,Ïthe€Riyadh€Guidelines€and€the€United€Nations€Rules€for€the€Protection€ofÏJuveniles€Deprived€of€their€Liberty.€€The€national€penitentiary€system€shouldÏbe€reformed€to€assure€appropriate€treatment€of€children€deprived€of€theirÏliberty,€including€through€non„institutional€measures.ÌÌÔ&  Ô78.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€being€aware€of€the€lack€of€necessary€financial€resources€toÏimplement€some€of€the€recommendations€formulated€above,€strongly€recommendsÏthat€the€State€party€consider€requesting€assistance€from€the€Centre€for€HumanÏRights,€under€its€Programme€of€advisory€services€and€technical€assistance,€inÏthe€field€of€the€administration€of€juvenile€justice.€€It€is€also€suggested€Ô'  ÔÌthat€support€from€the€international€community€be€made€available,€in€particularÏin€the€fields€of€legislative€review,€training€of€law€enforcement€personnel,Ïjudges€and€other€administration€of€justice€officials,€and€for€the€developmentÏof€an€adequate€system€for€the€collection€of€data€on€the€situation€of€children.€ÏÌà@”..Œ à3.€€òòConcluding€observations:€€FranceóóˆÌÌ79.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€France€(CRC/C/3/Add.15)€atÏits€139th€to€141st€meetings€(CRC/C/SR.139-141),€held€on€11€and€12April1994,Ïand€adopted*€the€following€concluding€observations.ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€óó€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌà÷..÷à*àÃ..ÃàAt€the€156th€meeting,€held€on€22€April€1994.ÌÌÌÌ(a)à÷..÷àòòIntroductionóóÌÌ80.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€the€prompt€ratification€of€theÏConvention€by€the€State€party€and€the€preparation€of€the€initial€report€whichÏis€very€comprehensive€and€closely€follows€the€Committee's€guidelines.ÌÌ81.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€wishes€to€express€its€appreciation€for€the€presence€of€aÏhigh-level€delegation€from€the€State€party,€including€officials€fromÏministries€directly€involved€in€the€implementation€of€the€Convention.€€TheÏCommittee€hopes€that€the€exchange€of€views€held€with€the€delegation€of€theÏState€party€and€the€decision€of€the€Government€to€make€its€initial€reportÏwidely€available€will€contribute€to€an€open€discussion€on€children's€rights€atÏthe€national€level.ÌÌ(b)à÷..÷àòòPositive€factorsóóÌÌ82.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€is€particularly€encouraged€by€the€State€party's€commitmentÏto€reflect€on€and€review€the€measures€taken€and€policy€chosen€to€implement€theÏprovisions€and€principles€of€the€Convention€in€the€light€of€the€changingÏreality€of€the€situation€of€children.ÌÌ83.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€recognizes€the€importance€of€the€annual€meeting€held€betweenÏthe€public€authorities€and€the€non-governmental€community€on€the€anniversaryÏof€the€adoption€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€by€theÏGeneralAssembly€of€the€UnitedNations.€€The€Committee€stresses€the€value€ofÏsuch€a€meeting€in€launching€a€fruitful€dialogue€between€the€Government€and€theÏ"civil€society",€as€well€as€in€ensuring€a€serious€evaluation€of€theÏgovernmental€policies€adopted€for€the€promotion€and€protection€of€the€rightsÏof€the€child.ÌÌ84.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€also€welcomes€the€decision€taken€by€the€Government€to€submitÏan€annual€report€to€the€Parliamentary€Assemblies€on€the€implementation€of€theÏConvention€and€on€its€policies€in€relation€to€the€situation€of€children€in€theÏworld.€€This€procedure€will€contribute€to€emphasizing€the€importance€of€theÏprinciple€of€the€best€interests€of€the€child,€which€is€a€primary€considerationÏto€be€taken€into€account€in€all€actions€concerning€children,€including€thoseÏundertaken€by€legislative€bodies.ÌÌ85.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€welcomes€the€measures€taken€by€the€State€party€to€recognizeÏthe€right€of€the€child€to€have€his€or€her€views€heard€and€taken€into€accountÏin€proceedings€affecting€the€child.€€Note€is€taken€of€the€various€initiativesÏto€inform€children€about€their€rights€and€to€encourage€children€to€expressÏtheir€opinion€through€special€councils€established€within€schools€and€theÏlocal€community.ÌÌ86.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€is€further€encouraged€by€the€steps€taken€to€train€certainÏprofessional€groups€about€the€rights€of€the€child.€€It€also€commends€theÏinitiatives€undertaken€by€members€of€the€legal€profession€to€establish€aÏsystem€of€legal€information€and€assistance€to€children€in€the€field€ofÏjuvenile€justice.ÌÌ87.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€notes€the€active€participation€of€France€in€internationalÏcooperation€activities,€including€in€the€area€of€development€assistance.̇88.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€also€notes€the€significant€contribution€being€made€by€theÏState€party€to€the€international€campaign€addressing€the€issue€of€theÏhazardous€impact€of€anti-personnel€land-mines€on€the€civilian€population€and,Ïin€particular,€on€children.ÌÌ(c)à÷..÷àòòPrincipal€subjects€of€concernóóÌÌ89.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€notes€with€concern€the€reservation€made€by€the€State€partyÏto€article30€of€the€Convention.€€The€Committee€wishes€to€emphasize€that€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€seeks€to€protect€and€guarantee€theÏindividual€rights€of€children,€including€the€rights€of€children€belonging€toÏminorities.ÌÌ90.à÷..÷àIn€view€of€article€55€of€the€Constitution,€referred€to€in€the€coreÏdocument€submitted€by€the€State€party€to€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies,€whichÏprovides€that€the€norms€of€international€human€rights€instruments€areÏself-executing€in€France€and€may€be€invoked€before€national€courts,€theÏCommittee€is€unclear€as€to€the€status€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€theÏChild€in€the€national€legal€framework,€namely€in€the€light€of€recent€decisionsÏadopted€by€the€Court€of€Cassation€in€this€regard.ÌÌ91.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€is€concerned€about€the€need€to€take€sufficient€safeguardsÏagainst€the€possible€negative€social€impact€of€decentralization,€for€instance,Ïin€order€to€avoid€the€risk€of€aggravated€disparities€between€the€regions,€inÏregard€to€the€standard€of€living,€and€to€minimize€the€possible€adverse€effectsÏon€the€enjoyment€of€economic€and€social€rights€by€children,€especially€thoseÏbelonging€to€the€most€vulnerable€groups.ÌÌ92.à÷..÷àRegarding€the€right€of€the€child€to€know€his€or€her€origins,€including€inÏcases€of€a€mother€requesting€that€her€identity€remain€secret€during€the€birthÏand€declaration€of€the€birth,€adoption€and€medically-assisted€procreation,€theÏCommittee€is€concerned€that€the€legislative€measures€being€taken€by€the€StateÏparty€might€not€fully€reflect€the€provisions€of€the€Convention,€particularlyÏits€general€principles.ÌÌ93.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€situation€of€unaccompanied€children€whoÏarrive€"unexpectedly€in€France€to€obtain€refugee€status"€(as€referred€to€inÏpara.389€of€the€State€party's€report).€€It€is€also€concerned€about€the€lackÏof€a€comprehensive€system€of€protection€involving€the€social€and/or€judicialÏauthorities€which€would€apply€to€those€children€while€they€are€subject€to€theÏjurisdiction€of€the€State€party,€as€well€as€in€the€process€of€returning€toÏtheir€country€of€origin.ÌÌ94.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€is€also€concerned€that€legislation€and€practice€relating€toÏarrest,€detention,€sentencing€and€imprisonment€within€the€system€of€theÏadministration€of€juvenile€justice€might€not€be€fully€consistent€with€theÏprovisions€and€principles€of€the€Convention,€and€in€particular€articles37Ïand40.ÌÌ(d)à÷..÷àòòSuggestions€and€recommendationsóóÌÌ95.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€wishes€to€encourage€the€State€party€to€consider€reviewingÏits€reservation€to€article30€of€the€Convention€with€a€view€to€withdrawing€it.̇96.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€also€wishes€to€suggest€that€the€State€party€envisage€theÏestablishment€of€a€permanent€mechanism€of€coordination,€evaluation€andÏfollow-up€for€policies€taken€to€implement€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€theÏChild.ÌÌ97.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€wishes€to€emphasize€the€importance€of€close€cooperationÏbetween€the€central€Government€and€the€local€authorities,€including€onÏbudgetary€matters,€to€minimize€disparities€which€may€arise€between€the€regionsÏas€to€the€provision€of€services.€€It€also€emphasizes€the€value€of€adopting€aÏcomprehensive€approach€to€the€implementation€of€the€rights€of€the€child€whichÏis€both€effective€and€consistent€with€the€provisions€and€general€principles€ofÏthe€Convention,€particularly€the€best€interests€of€the€child€andÏnon-discrimination€which€apply€irrespective€of€budgetary€resources.ÌÌ98.à÷..÷àWhile€the€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€the€measures€in€place€toÏguarantee€minimum€social€income€and€to€improve€access€to€housing€for€the€mostÏdisadvantaged€groups,€it€recommends€that€the€State€party€in€this€period€ofÏeconomic€recession€carefully€monitor€the€enjoyment€of€the€individual€rights€ofÏchildren.€€In€this€connection,€it€is€suggested€that€the€necessary€measures€beÏtaken€to€ensure€the€full€realization€of€the€economic€and€social€rights€ofÏchildren€belonging€to€the€poorest€and€most€vulnerable€sectors€of€society,Ïincluding€those€living€in€suburbs,€the€children€of€migrant€workers€andÏsocially€marginalized€children.ÌÌ99.à÷..÷àThe€Committee€draws€the€attention€of€the€State€party€to€theÏrecommendations€of€UnitedNations€organs€and€specialized€agencies€whichÏemphasize€the€prioritization€of€social€programmes€within€the€framework€ofÏdevelopment€assistance.€€It€would€like€to€suggest€that€the€State€partyÏconsider€these€aspects€of€the€promotion€of€social€development€within€itsÏinternational€cooperation€programme.ÌÌÓ33ÓÓ;1++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!-$;Ó100.àb..bàWithin€the€framework€of€legal€reform€and€in€light€of€the€basic€principlesÏof€the€Convention,€particularly€its€article2,€the€Committee€suggests€that€theÏState€party€consider€reviewing€the€present€law€on€minimum€age€for€marriage.ÌÌ101.àb..bàThe€Committee€would€like€to€suggest€that€further€consideration€be€givenÏto€ways€of€encouraging€the€expression€of€views€by€children€and€those€viewsÏbeing€given€due€weight€in€the€decision-making€processes€affecting€their€lives,Ïin€particular€within€school€and€the€local€community.ÌÌ102.àb..bàThe€Committee€would€also€like€to€suggest€that€further€awareness„raisingÏand€educational€measures€be€undertaken€to€prevent€child€abuse€and€the€physicalÏpunishment€of€children.ÌÌ103.àb..bàIn€view€of€the€fact€that,€following€the€submission€of€the€initial€report,Ïimportant€legislation€has€been€adopted,€namely€in€the€fields€of€nationality,Ïentry€and€residence€of€foreigners,€refugees€and€asylum-seekers€as€wellÏasfamily€reunification,€the€Committee€would€appreciate€receiving,Ïby1October1994,€additional€written€information€on€those€areas€and€on€theÏway€the€new€legislative€measures€might€affect€the€enjoyment€of€the€rights€ofÏthe€child€as€recognized€by€the€Convention,€in€particular€its€articles7,€9,€10Ïand22€and€taking€into€due€account€the€general€principles€of€the€Convention.ÌÌ104.àb..bàThe€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€to€consider€its€legislation€inÏthe€field€of€the€administration€of€juvenile€justice,€in€particular€with€regardÏto€children€deprived€of€their€liberty,€in€order€to€ensure€that€deprivation€ofÏliberty€is€used€only€as€a€measure€of€last€resort€and€for€the€shortest€periodÏof€time,€in€the€light€of€the€provisions€of€the€Convention,€notably€itsÏarticles37,€39€and40,€as€well€as€relevant€international€standards,€namelyÏthe€"Beijing€Rules",€the€"Riyadh€Guidelines"€and€the€UnitedNations€Rules€forÏthe€Protection€of€Juveniles€Deprived€of€their€Liberty.ÌÌ105.àb..bàIn€the€light€of€the€best€interests€of€the€child€and€other€provisions€ofÏthe€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€as€well€as€those€of€ILO€ConventionÏNo.138€to€which€France€is€a€party,€the€Committee€believes€that€the€employmentÏof€children€who€have€not€yet€completed€their€compulsory€schooling,€as€admittedÏby€the€legislation€in€the€case€of€domestic€servants€and€family€enterprises,Ïincluding€in€the€area€of€agriculture,€deserves€reconsideration€by€the€StateÏparty.€€It€also€encourages€the€State€party€to€review€the€access€by€children€toÏactivities€in€the€fashion€industry€in€order€to€ensure€that€this€only€takesÏplace€on€the€basis€of€a€case-by-case€approach€and€in€the€light€of€the€bestÏinterests€of€the€child.ÌÌ106.àb..bàIn€light€of€the€importance€the€Committee€attaches€to€the€monitoring€ofÏthe€implementation€of€the€Convention€at€the€national€level,€it€wouldÏappreciate€receiving€a€copy€of€the€annual€reports€to€be€submitted€by€theÏGovernment€to€the€Parliamentary€Assemblies€on€the€policies€adopted€to€ensureÏthe€realization€of€the€rights€of€the€child€recognized€by€the€Convention.ÌÌà@”..Œ à4.€€òòConcluding€observations:€€JordanóóˆÌÌ107.àb..bàThe€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Jordan€(CRC/C/8/Add.4)Ïatits143rd,€144th€and€145th€meetings€(CRC/C/SR.143„145),€held€onÏ13and14April1994,€and€adopted*€the€following€concluding€observations.ÌÌ(a)àb..bàòòIntroductionóóÌÌ108.àb..bàThe€Committee€notes€with€appreciation€the€submission€of€the€initialÏreport€of€Jordan.€€While€the€report€provides€comprehensive€information€onÏthelegislation€and€programmes€that€give€effect€to€the€rights€recognized€inÏthe€Convention,€it€provides€less€information€on€factors€and€difficultiesÏimpeding€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€and€the€actual€enjoyment€byÏchildren€of€their€rights.€€Although€some€written€replies€were€provided€to€theÏquestions€raised€by€the€Committee€before€the€session,€further€information,Ïincluding€statistics,€would€have€been€particularly€useful€with€regard€toÏgeneral€measures€of€implementation,€the€application€of€the€principle€ofÏnon-discrimination€and€the€enforcement€of€civil€rights.ÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌàb..bà*€€At€the€156th€meeting,€held€on€22€April€1994.ÌÌÌÌÌ109.àb..bàThe€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€that€the€additional€informationÏprovided€by€the€delegation€made€it€possible€to€understand€better€the€situationÏof€children€in€Jordan.€€The€Committee€also€expresses€its€appreciation€of€theÏdelegation's€constructive€attitude€towards€non„governmental€organizations.€ÏFurthermore,€it€appreciates€the€assurances€given€that€the€Committee's€commentsÏtogether€with€any€unanswered€questions€would€be€transmitted€to€the€GovernmentÏfor€appropriate€action.ÌÌ(b)€€òòPositive€factorsóóÌÌ110.àb..bàThe€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€the€steps€taken€during€the€periodÏunder€review€to€bring€domestic€law€into€line€with€the€Convention,€through€theÏenactment€of€new€laws€or€the€adoption€of€specific€programmes€aimed€atÏpromoting€and€protecting€the€rights€of€the€child.€€It€welcomes€the€fact€that€aÏstudy€is€currently€being€undertaken€to€review€national€legislation€and€itsÏcompatibility€with€the€provisions€and€principles€of€the€Convention€and€that€aÏdraft€Personal€Status€Act€is€also€being€studied€with€the€same€goal.ÌÌ111.àb..bàThe€Committee€particularly€welcomes€the€notable€progress€achieved€inÏrecent€years€in€such€crucial€issues€as€infant€mortality€and€life€expectancy,€Ïwhich€has€demonstrated€the€authorities'€commitment€to€allocate€substantialÏresources€for€social€expenditures€despite€stringent€economic€difficulties.ÌÌ(c)àb..bàòòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóÌÌ112.àb..bàThe€Committee€takes€note€of€the€economic€and€social€difficulties€whichÏhave€been€faced€by€Jordan€in€the€aftermath€of€the€Gulf€crisis€and€which€have,Ïconsequently,€adversely€affected€the€situation€of€children.Ì113.àb..bàThe€presence€of€a€very€large€number€of€refugees,€particularly€ofÏPalestinian€origin,€constitutes€a€further€difficulty€impeding€theÏimplementation€of€the€Convention.ÌÌ114.àb..bàThe€Committee€also€notes€that€the€survival€of€certain€traditions€andÏcustoms€sometimes€constitutes€an€obstacle€to€the€implementation€of€theÏConvention,€particularly€with€regard€to€the€equality€of€boys€and€girls.ÌÌ(d)àb..bàòòPrincipal€subjects€of€concernóóÌÌ115.àb..bàThe€Committee€is€concerned€that€the€broad€nature€of€the€reservations€madeÏto€articles€14,€20€and€21€of€the€Convention€by€the€State€party€may€affect€theÏimplementation€of€the€rights€guaranteed€in€these€articles€and€may€raiseÏquestions€about€the€compatibility€of€the€reservations€with€the€object€andÏpurpose€of€the€Convention.ÌÌ116.àb..bàThe€Committee€is€concerned€about€the€insufficient€steps€taken€in€theÏframework€of€legal€reform€to€bring€existing€legislation€into€full€conformityÏwith€the€Convention,€including€in€the€light€of€the€basic€principles€of€theÏConvention,€in€order€to€overcome€discrepancies€or€lacunae€in€nationalÏlegislation,€particularly€in€laws€relating€to€marriage€age€and€theÏadministration€of€juvenile€justice.ÌÌ117.àb..bàThe€Committee€is€concerned€that,€although€the€National€Charter€guaranteesÏequality€between€the€sexes€in€Jordan,€discriminatory€attitudes€and€prejudices€are€still€vivid€within€the€society,€and€that€there€are€still€disparities€inÏpractice,€in€particular€with€regard€to€inheritance€rights,€the€right€to€leaveÏthe€country€and€the€acquisition€of€Jordanian€nationality.€€In€this€lastÏrespect,€the€Committee€is€concerned€that,€in€the€light€of€JordanianÏlegislation,€cases€of€statelessness€might€arise.€€It€is€also€concerned€that,Ïthe€national€legislation€with€respect€to€the€minimum€age€for€marriage€may€notÏbe€fully€compatible€with€the€non„discrimination€provisions€of€the€Convention,Ïas€reflected€in€its€article€2.ÌÌ118.àb..bàThe€Committee€expresses€concern€at€the€uncertainty€in€the€status€ofÏchildren,€and€the€possible€ensuing€discrimination,€resulting€from€theÏcoexistence€of€different€personal€status€regulations€according€to€the€child'sÏreligion.€€The€Committee€takes€note€of€the€undertaking€in€this€context€by€theÏdelegation€to€provide€further€information€in€regard€to€the€rights€of€childrenÏof€the€Baha'i€faith.ÌÌ119.àb..bàAnother€issue€relates€to€groups€of€refugee€children€and€the€concernÏthatthey€may€not€be€given€full€protection€in€view€of€the€fact€that€theÏKingdomofJordan€has€not€yet€ratified€relevant€international€refugeeÏtreaties.ÌÌ120.àb..bàThe€Committee€understands€that€there€are€under„age€children€at€work€inÏJordan€and€that€some€children€in€remote€areas€are€even€kept€from€school€forÏsuch€reasons.€€The€Kingdom€of€Jordan€has€not€acceded€to€ILO€Convention€No.138Ïand€other€conventions€on€the€minimum€age€of€employment€relating€to€theÏprotection€of€children€and€young€persons€at€work.ÌÌ121.àb..bàThe€Committee€is€concerned€about€the€lack€of€adequate€measures€taken€byÏthe€authorities€to€evaluate€and€address€the€problem€of€domestic€violence.ÌÌ122.àb..bàIn€the€field€of€the€administration€of€juvenile€justice,€the€Committee€isÏconcerned€about€the€application€of€article€92€of€the€Penal€Code,€in€accordanceÏwith€which,€although€no€one€under€18€years€of€age€may€be€held€criminallyÏresponsible,€criminal€proceedings€may€be€brought€against€children€over€7€yearsÏof€age.€€It€also€deplores€the€fact€that€children€taken€into€custody€though€notÏconvicted€of€any€criminal€offence,€may€nevertheless€be€kept€in€detention€inÏthe€same€premises€as€convicted€persons.ÌÌ(e)àb..bàòòSuggestions€and€recommendationsóóÌÌ123.àb..bàThe€Committee€expresses€the€hope€that€the€Government€will€consider€theÏpossibility€of€reviewing€its€reservations€to€articles14,€20€and€21€of€theÏConvention,€with€a€view€to€the€withdrawal€of€these€reservations.ÌÌ124.àb..bàSpecial€efforts€should€be€made€to€bring€the€existing€legislation€fullyÏinto€line€with€the€principles€and€provisions€of€the€Convention,€including€inÏthe€context€of€the€preparation€of€a€new€Personal€Status€Act.ÌÌ125.àb..bàThe€Committee€suggests€that€the€Government€envisage€the€establishment€ofÏa€national€mechanism€with€the€purpose€of€coordinating€the€implementation€ofÏthe€Convention€and€the€monitoring€thereof.€€Coordination€between€the€variousÏgovernmental€agencies€and€non„governmental€organizations€involved€in€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€and€the€monitoring€thereof€should€beÏstrengthened.ÌÌ126.àb..bàMeasures€should€be€taken€to€develop€mechanisms€for€the€determination€ofÏappropriate€indicators€and€for€the€collection€of€statistical€data€and€otherÏinformation€on€the€status€of€children€as€bases€for€designing€programmes€toÏimplement€the€Convention.ÌÌ127.àb..bàThe€Committee€suggests€that€law€enforcement€officials,€judges,€otherÏadministration€of€justice€officials€and,€more€generally,€members€ofÏprofessions€concerned€with€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€be€providedÏwith€adequate€training€on€the€basic€principles€and€norms€contained€in€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child.ÌÌ128.àb..bàMeasures€should€be€taken€to€prevent€and€eliminate€discriminatoryÏattitudes€or€prejudice€and€to€ensure€effective€protection€againstÏdiscrimination,€particularly€with€regard€to€the€girl€child€and€children€bornÏout€of€wedlock,€as€well€as€any€differentiation€resulting€from€the€status€ofÏparents.ÌÌ129.àb..bàA€study€on€the€extent€and€nature€of€domestic€violence€is€recommended.€ÏAppropriate€follow„up€measures€should€be€envisaged,€not€least€in€the€field€ofÏfamily€education€and€social€support.ÌÌ130.àb..bàIn€line€with€article€4€of€the€Jordanian€Education€Act€and€article€29€ofÏthe€Convention,€emphasis€should€be€given€in€school€education€to€the€importantÏvalues€of€peace,€tolerance€and€respect€of€human€rights.€€The€activeÏparticipation€of€children€should€be€encouraged.€€Similarly,€efforts€should€beÏundertaken€to€develop€new€channels,€including€membership€of€associations,Ïthrough€which€children€may€make€their€views€known€and€have€them€taken€intoÏaccount.ÌÌ131.àb..bàSteps€should€be€taken€to€improve€school€attendance€for€children€living€inÏremote€areas,€to€reduce€the€school€drop„out€rate€and€to€raise€the€level€ofÏliteracy,€particularly€among€females.€€School€curricula€should€be€adjusted€toÏmake€room€for€education€about€the€Convention.ÌÌ132.àb..bàIn€order€to€ensure€that€all€refugee€children€or€children€seeking€refugeeÏstatus€enjoy€their€rights€under€the€Convention,€the€Committee€recommendsÏthatthe€Kingdom€of€Jordan€consider€the€possibility€of€ratifying€theÏ1951Convention€relating€to€the€Status€of€Refugees€and€its€1967€Protocol.ÌÌ133.àb..bàThe€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€envisage€undertaking€aÏcomprehensive€reform€of€the€system€of€juvenile€justice€and€that€the€ConventionÏand€other€international€standards€in€this€field,€such€as€the€Beijing€Rules,Ïthe€Riyadh€Guidelines€and€the€United€Nations€Rules€for€the€Protection€ofÏJuveniles€Deprived€of€their€Liberty,€be€seen€as€a€guide€in€this€revision.€ÏAttention€should€also€be€paid€to€measures€for€rehabilitation€and€socialÏreintegration,€in€line€with€article€39€of€the€Convention.ÌÌÔ&  Ô134.àb..bàThe€mechanism€already€established€to€monitor€the€situation€of€workingÏchildren€should€be€strengthened€in€order€to€assess€the€implementation€of€theÏConvention€and€to€narrow€the€gap€between€the€law€and€practice.€€Furthermore,ÏÔ'  Ôthe€Committee€encourages€the€efforts€currently€under€way€to€prepare€forÏaccession€to€ILO€Convention€No.€138€and€other€conventions€on€the€minimum€ageÏof€employment€relating€to€the€protection€of€children€and€young€persons€atÏwork.ÌÌ135.àb..bàThe€Committee€recommends€that€the€report€submitted€by€the€State€party,Ïthe€summary€records€of€its€consideration€and€the€concluding€observations€ofÏthe€Committee€be€disseminated€as€widely€as€possible€within€the€country,Ïparticularly€to€officials€and€professionals€working€with€children,Ïparliamentarians,€non-governmental€organizations€and€the€media.ÌÌà@”..¾ à5.€€òòConcluding€observations:€€ChileóóˆÌÌ136.àb..bàThe€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Chile€(CRC/C/3/Add.18)€atÏits146th€to€148th€meetings€(CRC/C/SR.146„148),€held€on€14€and€15April€1994Ïand€adopted*€the€following€concluding€observations.ÌÔ&  ÔÔ'  ÔÌ(a)àb..bàòòIntroductionóóÌÌ137.àb..bàThe€Committee€commends€the€State€party€for€its€comprehensive€report,Ïwhich€has€been€prepared€in€conformity€with€the€Committee's€guidelines€andÏreflects€a€forward„looking€strategy,€and€for€the€submission€of€detailedÏwritten€replies€to€its€list€of€issues.€€It€notes€with€satisfaction€that€the€Ïdetailed€additional€information€provided€by€the€delegation€and€its€involvementÏin€national€policies€concerning€children€made€it€possible€to€engage€in€an€openÏand€constructive€dialogue€with€the€State€party.ÌÌ138.àb..bàThe€Committee€also€notes€with€satisfaction€that€the€report€submitted€byÏthe€State€party€is€the€result€of€a€wide€consultation,€at€the€national€level,Ïbetween€the€public€authorities€and€the€non„governmental€coalition€on€theÏrights€of€the€child.ÌÌ(b)€€òòPositive€aspectsóóÌÌ139.àb..bàThe€Committee€welcomes€the€fact€that€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€theÏChild€is€self„executing€in€the€State€party€and€that€its€provisions€may€be,€andÏin€practice€have€been,€invoked€before€the€Courts.ÌÌÑ€=ÑÔ&  Ô140.àb..bàThe€Committee€welcomes€the€measures€undertaken€by€the€Government€of€ChileÏin€order€to€promote€and€to€protect€the€rights€of€the€child€in€accordance€withÏthe€standards€set€forth€in€the€Convention€as€well€as€the€dynamic€andÏself-critical€approach€of€the€Chilean€Government€towards€its€implementation.Ô'  ÔÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌàb..bà*€€At€the€156th€meeting,€held€on€22€April€1994.ÌÌ141.àb..bàIt€notes€the€adoption€by€the€Government€of€Chile€of€the€National€Plan€ofÏAction€in€Favour€of€Children€and€the€readiness€of€the€Government€to€cooperateÏwith€all€interested€parties,€both€nationally€and€internationally,€inÏimplementing€it.ÌÌ142.àb..bàThe€Committee€also€notes€that€during€the€period€under€review€importantÏsteps€have€been€undertaken€at€the€legislative€level€with€a€view€to€harmonizingÏthe€national€legislation€with€the€provisions€of€the€Convention,€as€well€as€Ìestablishment€of€monitoring€mechanisms€including€the€National€Service€forÏMinors(SENAME),€a€public€service€under€the€Ministry€of€Justice€charged€withÏassisting€and€protecting€children€and€young€people€in€particularly€difficultÏcircumstances.ÌÌ143.àb..bàThe€Committee€also€notes€with€satisfaction€the€priorities€set€by€theÏGovernment€and€its€serious€efforts€to€face€existing€social€problems,€includingÏin€the€fields€of€health€and€education,€as€well€as€to€ensure€the€protection€ofÏthe€rights€of€disabled€children.ÌÌ144.àb..bàThe€Committee€welcomes€the€statement€by€the€delegation€of€the€State€partyÏthat€the€Government€of€Chile€is€considering€ratifying€the€Hague€Convention€onÏProtection€of€Children€and€Cooperation€in€Respect€of€Intercountry€Adoption.ÌÌ(c)àb..bàòòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€application€of€the€ConventionóóÌÌ145.àb..bàThe€Committee€notes€that€poverty,€in€spite€of€efforts€by€the€ChileanÏGovernment,€has€affected€a€large€number€of€children€and€had€a€constrainingÏinfluence€on€the€implementation€of€the€provisions€of€the€Convention.ÌÌ146.àb..bàThe€Committee€further€recognizes€that€the€democratic€Government€has€facedÏthe€need€for€major€legal€and€administrative€reforms€in€the€aftermath€of€theÏperiod€of€non„democratic€rule.€€The€demands€in€the€area€of€rehabilitation€andÏsocial€reintegration€have€also€been€considerable,€not€least€in€regard€toÏchildren.ÌÌ(d)àb..bàòòPrincipal€subjects€of€concernóóÌÌ147.àb..bàThe€Committee€is€concerned€with€the€fact€that€the€decentralizationÏprocess€might€lead€to€a€deterioration€in€the€quality€of€and€effective€accessÏto€health€services€and€education,€in€particular€for€the€most€vulnerable€groupsÏof€children.ÌÌ148.àb..bàThe€Committee€expresses€its€concern€at€the€existing€geographical€andÏsocial€disparities€in€the€enjoyment€of€the€rights€provided€for€under€theÏConvention.ÌÌ(e)àb..bàòòSuggestions€and€recommendationsóóÌÌ149.àb..bàThe€Committee€recommends€that€special€efforts€should€be€made€by€theÏGovernment€to€fully€harmonize€the€existing€legislation€with€the€provisions€ofÏthe€Convention,€as€well€as€to€ensure€that€the€best€interests€of€the€child,€asÏstipulated€in€article€3€of€the€Convention,€is€a€primary€consideration€in€allÏactions€concerning€children,€including€those€undertaken€by€Parliament.ÌÌ150.àb..bàThe€Committee€recommends€that€an€overall€national€mechanism€be€set€upÏwith€the€mandate€to€assure€continuing€supervision€and€evaluation€throughoutÏthe€country€of€the€implementation€of€the€Convention,€which€is€particularlyÏimportant€within€the€context€of€the€realization€by€the€Government€of€theÏdecentralization€programme.ÌÌ151.àb..bàThe€Committee€recommends€that€the€Government€of€the€State€party€considerÏpursuing€the€measures€adopted€to€fight€situations€of€child€ill„treatment.€€ItÏstresses€the€importance€of€ensuring€training€activities€for€the€professionalÏgroups€concerned,€as€well€as€of€developing€mediation€measures.ÌÌ152.àb..bàThe€Committee€also€recommends€that€a€legal€system€of€administration€ofÏjuvenile€justice€be€established€in€the€light€of€the€principles€and€provisionsÏof€the€Convention,€in€particular€articles€37€and€40,€as€well€as€other€relevantÏUnited€Nations€standards,€including€the€Beijing€Rules,€the€United€NationsÏRules€for€the€Protection€of€Juveniles€Deprived€of€their€Liberty€and€the€RiyadhÏGuidelines.€€Such€a€legal€system€should€also€address€the€important€question€ofÏthe€minimum€age€of€criminal€responsibility,€particularly€in€the€light€of€theÏbest€interests€of€the€child.€€In€this€respect,€the€Committee€draws€theÏattention€of€the€State€party€to€the€availability€of€the€programme€of€advisoryÏservices€and€technical€assistance€of€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights.ÌÌ153.àb..bàFinally,€the€Committee€recommends€that€the€provisions€of€the€ConventionÏshould€be€widely€publicized€among€the€general€public€and,€in€particular,€amongÏteachers,€social€workers,€law€enforcement€officials,€the€staff€in€correctionalÏfacilities,€judges€and€members€of€other€professions€who€are€concerned€with€theÏimplementation€of€the€Convention.€€The€Committee€particularly€recommends€that,Ïin€accordance€with€article€44,€paragraph€6,€of€the€Convention,€the€reportÏsubmitted€by€the€Chilean€Government,€the€written€replies€to€the€Committee'sÏlist€of€questions,€as€well€as€the€summary€records€of€the€consideration€of€theÏreport€and€the€Committee's€concluding€observations€be€made€widely€available€toÏthe€public€at€large.€€In€the€same€spirit,€the€Committee€expresses€the€hopeÏthat€the€present€concluding€observations€will€inspire€an€open€debate€at€theÏnational€level€on€the€policies€in€the€field€of€the€rights€of€the€child,Ïincluding€at€the€parliamentary€level.ÌÌà@”..Œ à6.€€òòConcluding€observations:€€NorwayóóˆÌÌÓ8.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!8Ó154.àb..bàThe€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Norway€(CRC/C/8/Add.7)€atÏits149th€to€151st€meetings€(CRC/C/SR.149„151),€held€on€18€and€19€April€1994,Ïand€adopted*€the€following€concluding€observations:Ì€Ì(a)àb..bàòòIntroductionóóÌÌ155.àb..bàThe€Committee€expresses€its€appreciation€to€the€State€party€for€theÏreport,€which€follows€the€Committee's€guidelines,€and€for€the€supplementaryÏinformation€provided€on€Norway's€development€assistance€policy.€€It€alsoÏwishes€to€express€appreciation€to€the€State€party€for€the€submission€of€ÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌàb..bà*€€At€the€156th€meeting,€held€on€22€April€1994.Ìwritten€replies€to€its€list€of€issues€as€well€as€for€the€additionalÏinformation€provided€during€the€course€of€the€discussion€which€enabled€theÏCommittee€to€engage€in€a€frank€and€constructive€dialogue€with€theÏrepresentatives€of€the€State€party.ÌÌ(b)àb..bàòòPositive€factorsóóÌÌ156.àb..bàThe€Committee€appreciates€the€State€party's€firm€commitment€to€promotingÏmeasures€for€the€better€implementation€of€the€rights€of€the€child€bothÏnationally€and€internationally.€€In€this€connection,€it€notes€that€Norway€wasÏthe€first€country€in€the€world€to€establish€an€ombudsman€working€for€theÏbenefit€of€children.€€It€also€notes€the€spirit€of€dialogue€existing€betweenÏthe€Government,€the€municipalities€and€the€ombudsman€and€civil€societyÏincluding€the€non„governmental€community.€€In€addition,€the€Committee€notes€Ìthe€importance€the€Government€attaches€to€cooperation€with€these€variousÏbodies€and€organizations€in€assessing€the€progress€achieved€and€the€problemsÏencountered,€the€better€to€determine€the€strategies€needed€to€address€issuesÏas€they€arise.€ÌÌ157.àb..bàThe€Committee€also€considers€as€especially€noteworthy€the€fact€thatÏNorway€is€one€of€the€countries€most€strongly€emphasizing€the€priority€of€theÏsocial€sector€both€within€its€own€development€assistance€programmes€andÏthrough€its€participation€in€relevant€international€forums.€€Likewise,€theÏCommittee€notes€with€interest€the€State€party's€support€to€the€establishment€Ìof€the€research€organization,€Childwatch€International,€and€its€development€ofÏNORDEM€which€aims€to€facilitate€the€offering€of€national€expert€assistance€on,Ïòòinter€aliaóó,€human€rights€matters,€in€a€spirit€of€dialogue€and€cooperation.€ÌÌ158.àb..bàThe€Committee€welcomes€the€steps€taken€by€the€Government€of€Norway€toÏreview€its€reservation€to€the€Convention€with€a€view€to€its€withdrawal.€€ItÏalso€appreciates€the€concern€expressed€by€the€Government€of€Norway€as€toÏreservations€made€by€any€State€party€which€are€incompatible€with€the€objectÏand€purpose€of€the€Convention€as€prohibited€in€the€Convention's€article€51.Ìàb..bàÌ159.àb..bàEqually,€the€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€that€during€the€presentÏperiod€of€economic€recession,€which€is€affecting€many€countries,€and€theÏprogression€towards€decentralization€of€social€services,€the€budgetaryÏresources€for€child€welfare€programmes€have€been€increasing€in€the€StateÏparty.€€It€also€appreciates€that€a€system€of€monitoring€the€policies€andÏmeasures€of€municipalities€with€regard€to€their€implementation€of€children'sÏwelfare€programmes€has€been€set€in€place€through€the€County€Governor€reportingÏprocedure.ÌÌ160.àb..bàThe€Committee€takes€note€of€the€considerable€efforts€being€made€by€theÏState€party€to€combat€trends€towards€intolerance€against€foreigners€and€toÏaddress€the€issues€of€racism€and€xenophobia,€including€through€the€involvementÏand€participation€of€youth.€€It€also€welcomes€the€active€role€being€taken€byÏthe€State€party€in€encouraging€such€approaches€to€facing€these€problems€withinÏforums€at€the€regional€level.ÌÌÌÌÌ(c)àb..bàòòPrincipal€subjects€of€concernóóÌÌ161.àb..bàThe€Committee€takes€note€that€a€Governmental€Committee€report€hasÏproposed€to€amend€the€Constitution€to€include€a€special€provisionÏincorporating€certain€human€rights€treaties€and€that€this€suggestion€does€notÏcover€the€incorporation€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child.ÌÌ162.àb..bàThe€Committee€notes€that€although€an€opting-out€system€exists€forÏchildren€wishing€to€abstain€from€compulsory€religious€education,€this€requiresÏtheir€parents€to€submit€a€formal€request€exposing€the€faith€of€the€childrenÏinvolved€and€as€such€may€be€felt€to€be€an€infringement€of€their€right€toÏprivacy.ÌÌ163.àb..bàConcerning€the€right€of€a€child€to€know€his€or€her€origins,€the€CommitteeÏnotes€the€possible€contradiction€between€this€provision€of€the€Convention€withÏthe€policy€of€the€State€party€in€relation€to€artificial€insemination,€namelyÏin€keeping€the€identity€of€sperm€donors€secret.€€€€ÌÌ164.àb..bàThe€Committee€is€concerned€about€some€aspects€of€the€practicalÏapplication€of€the€law€and€policy€concerning€children€seeking€asylum,Ïparticularly€in€relation€to€methods€of€interviewing€children,€includingÏunaccompanied€minors.€€Furthermore,€it€is€concerned€that€the€police€may€notÏbeinstructed€to€delay€the€expulsion€of€some€members€of€the€family€in€order€toÏensure€that€the€whole€family€remains€together€and€that€undue€strain€on€theÏchildren€is€avoided.€ÌÌ165.àb..bàThe€Committee€notes€that€all€children€who€have€had€their€asylum€requestsÏrejected€but€remain€in€the€country€have€had€their€rights€to€health€care€andÏeducation€provided€de€facto€but€not€òòde€jureóó.€€It€is€the€view€of€the€CommitteeÏthat€such€services€should€be€provided€as€a€matter€of€principle€òòóóòòóóaccording€toÏthe€letter€and€spirit€of€articles€2€and€3€of€the€Convention.ÌÌ(d)àb..bàòòSuggestions€and€recommendationsóóÌÌ166.àb..bàThe€Committee€wishes€to€encourage€the€State€party€to€take€the€necessaryÏsteps€for€withdrawing€its€reservation€to€the€Convention€in€the€very€nearÏfuture€and€would€like€to€be€kept€informed€of€developments€on€this€matter.€ÌÌ167.àb..bàIn€case€the€Government€of€Norway€should€decide€to€amend€its€ConstitutionÏto€include€therein€a€special€provision€on€the€incorporation€of€certain€humanÏrights€treaties,€the€Committee€would€like€to€encourage€the€incorporation€of€aÏreference€to€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child.€ÌÌ168.àb..bàThe€Committee€would€like€to€suggest€that€the€State€party€consider€in€itsÏlegislation€the€implications€of€article€37€(a)€of€the€Convention€on€the€RightsÏof€the€Child€and,€in€this€connection,€that€it€also€pays€attention€to€theÏdefinition€of€torture€provided€for€in€article€1€of€the€Convention€againstÏTorture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,€toÏwhich€Norway€is€also€a€party.ÌÌ169.àb..bàThe€Committee€would€like€to€suggest€that€the€State€party€consider€theÏpossibility€of€strengthening€the€role€of€the€Ministry€of€Children€and€FamilyÏAffairs,€in€relation€to€refugee€children.̇170.àb..bàAs€part€of€the€ongoing€efforts€to€promote€and€protect€the€rights€of€theÏchild,€the€Committee€would€like€to€suggest€that€the€State€party€undertake€orÏencourage€research€on€various€matters€raised€during€the€discussion,€includingÏthe€reasons€for€the€relatively€high€number€of€suicides€among€young€people€inÏNorway€and€the€development€and€use€of€indicators€to€monitor€the€progress€orÏotherwise€of€the€implementation€of€all€the€rights€guaranteed€under€theÏConvention.€ÌÌ171.àb..bàThe€Committee€suggests€that€the€particular€difficulties€facing,€forÏinstance,€children€in€single-parent€families€might€also€deserve€further€study.ÌÌ172.àb..bàIn€connection€with€the€State€party's€ongoing€efforts€to€raise€greaterÏawareness€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€is€of€the€opinion€thatÏconsideration€should€be€given€to€incorporating€education€on€the€provisions€andÏprinciples€of€the€Convention€in€training€programmes€for€various€professionalÏgroups,€including€teachers,€social€workers,€law€enforcement€personnel€andÏjudges.€ÌÌ173.àb..bàThe€Committee€also€suggests€that€appropriate€ways€and€means€be€used€toÏtarget€further€publicity€on€the€Convention,€especially€about€those€provisionsÏand€principles€of€the€Convention€relevant€to€the€situation€of€particularÏgroups€of€children,€for€instance,€children€in€the€system€of€administration€ofÏjustice€and€the€prevention€of€discrimination€against€children€suffering€fromÏAIDS€and€HIV€infection.€ÌÌ174.àb..bàThe€Committee€also€welcomes€the€policies€being€pursued€by€the€State€partyÏwith€regard€to€the€promotion€of€human€rights€education,€especially€in€view€ofÏGeneral€Assembly€resolution€48/127€on€the€possibility€of€establishing€a€decadeÏfor€human€rights€education,€and€encourages€the€State€party€to€consider€usingÏthis€opportunity€to€promote€the€incorporation€of€education€about€theÏConvention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€in€curricula€for€schoolchildren.€ÌÌ175.àb..bàEqually,€the€Committee€would€like€to€suggest€that€the€State€partyÏencourage€measures€to€further€involve€and€facilitate€the€participation€ofÏchildren€in€matters€affecting€them,€especially€at€the€local€level.ÌÌ176.àb..bàThe€Committee€suggests€that€the€State€party€reconsider€its€policy€onÏreligious€education€for€children€in€light€of€the€general€principle€ofÏnon-discrimination€and€the€right€to€privacy.ÌÌ177.àb..bàThe€Committee€suggests€that€the€State€party€consider€undertaking€anotherÏcomprehensive€review€of€the€policy€in€relation€to€children€seeking€asylum€inÏthe€light€of€the€principles€and€provisions€of€the€Convention.€€In€thisÏconnection,€it€is€suggested€that€solutions€should€also€be€sought€to€avoidÏexpulsions€causing€the€separation€of€families.€€It€also€suggests€that€theÏState€party€might€wish€to€further€discuss€the€provision€of€education€andÏhealth€services,€including€with€respect€to€all€children€under€itsÏjurisdiction,€in€order€to€ensure€that€different€standards€of€service€do€notÏarise€between€municipalities.€ÌÌ178.àb..bàThe€Committee€suggests€that€the€State€party€consider€reviewing€itsÏjuvenile€justice€system€in€order€to€ensure€that€proceedings€against€persons€under€18€years€of€age€are€fully€compatible€with€the€spirit€of€article€40,Ïparagraph€3,€of€the€Convention.€ÌÌ179.àb..bàThe€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€to€continue€making€the€substanceÏof€the€Convention€known€to€all€children€and€adults€in€Norway€and€to€translateÏmaterials€relating€to€the€Convention€into€the€languages€of€major€immigrantÏgroups€in€Norway.€€It€would€also€like€to€recommend€that€the€State€partyÏprepare,€in€a€special€package,€the€report€of€the€State€party€to€the€Committee,Ïthe€summary€records€and€concluding€observations€following€the€discussion€inÏthe€Committee,€as€well€as€the€list€of€issues€and€the€written€responses€toÏthem,€and€to€make€this€available€on€as€wide€a€basis€as€possible.ÌÌà@”..àIV.€€OTHER€MATTERSˆÌÌà@”..Ð àA.€€òòAction€taken€by€the€Commission€on€Human€RightsˆÌÔ ` Ôin€the€field€of€the€rights€of€the€childóóÌÌ180.àb..bàThe€Committee€took€note€of€the€adoption€by€the€Commission€on€Human€RightsÏof€different€resolutions€which€once€again€reflected€the€importance€attached€byÏthe€Commission€to€questions€related€to€the€rights€of€the€child.€€In€thisÏrespect,€the€Committee€adopted€two€recommendations€respectively€entitledÏ"Children€in€armed€conflicts"€and€"Sale€of€children,€child€prostitution€andÏchild€pornography"€(see€chap.€I€above,€recommendations€2€and€3).ÌÌ181.àb..bàFurthermore,€the€Committee€took€note€of€resolution€1994/93€of€theÏCommission€on€Human€Rights€entitled€"The€plight€of€street€children".€€InÏparticular,€it€welcomed€the€statement€by€the€Commission€that€strict€complianceÏwith€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€wouldÏconstitute€a€significant€step€towards€solving€the€problems€in€this€connection.€ÏIt€also€welcomed€the€fact€that€the€Commission€commended€the€Committee€"for€theÏattention€it€pays€in€its€monitoring€activities€to€the€situation€of€childrenÏwho,€to€survive,€are€forced€to€live€and€work€in€the€streets".€€Furthermore,Ïthe€Committee€noted€that€the€Commission€reiterated€its€invitation€to€theÏCommittee€to€consider€the€possibility€of€a€general€comment€thereon.ÌÌ182.àb..bàIn€this€context,€the€Committee€recalled€its€general€discussion€heldÏduring€the€fourth€session€on€"Economic€exploitation€of€children",€as€well€asÏthe€decision€to€organize€a€general€discussion€during€the€seventh€session€onÏ"The€role€of€the€family€in€the€promotion€of€the€rights€of€the€child",€both€ofÏwhich€are€of€relevance€in€connection€with€the€rights€of€children€who,€in€orderÏto€survive,€are€forced€to€live€and€work€in€the€street.ÌÌ183.àb..bàIn€its€discussion€the€Committee€also€pointed€out€that€the€term€"streetÏchildren"€may€not€clearly€define€the€nature€or€the€causes€of€the€violationsÏthese€children€suffer.€€It€is€in€fact€an€expression€that€covers€a€diversity€ofÏsituations€affecting€children.€€Some€work€in€the€street€but€have€homes,€othersÏare€abandoned€or€for€other€reasons€become€homeless,€others€again€have€escapedÏabuse,€some€are€pushed€into€prostitution€or€drug€abuse.€€Another€concern€aboutÏthe€term€was€that€it€was€understood€in€some€societies€to€be€stigmatizing€andÏdiscriminatory.€€The€Committee,€therefore,€had€endeavoured€to€use€moreÏappropriate€terminology.ÌÌ184.àb..bàRecollection€was€made€of€an€earlier€discussion€about€the€drafting€by€theÏCommittee€of€general€comments€on€the€Convention.€€In€view€of€the€present€heavyÏwork„load€of€the€Committee€and€the€fact€that€some€further€experience€ought€toÏbe€assembled€before€the€provisions€and€principles€of€the€Convention€would€beÏinterpreted€in€the€form€of€general€comments,€it€was€agreed€that€the€issue€ofÏgeneral€comments€would€be€considered€at€a€later€stage€of€its€activities.ÌÌà@”.. àB.€€òòParticipation€in€the€International€ConferenceˆÌÔ ’ Ôon€Population€and€DevelopmentóóÌÌ185.àb..bàThe€Committee,€in€view€of€its€previous€decision€to€participate€in€theÏInternational€Conference€on€Population€and€Development,€which€is€to€be€held€atÏCairo€in€September€1994,€decided€that€it€would€be€represented€by€itsÏChairperson,€Mrs.Hoda€Badran,€and€by€Mr.€Swithun€Mombeshora.ÌÌà@”..` àC.€€òòSituation€of€children€in€the€territoryˆÌÔ ï Ôof€former€YugoslaviaóóÌÌ186.àb..bàThe€Committee€considered€once€again€the€situation€of€the€plight€ofÏchildren€in€the€territory€of€the€former€Yugoslavia.€€It€welcomed,€in€the€lightÏof€previous€recommendations€it€had€adopted€in€this€regard,€the€inclusion€byÏthe€Special€Rapporteur€of€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€of€a€major€chapter€onÏthe€situation€of€children€in€all€parts€of€the€area€under€his€mandate.€€TheÏCommittee€recognized€the€need€to€pursue€its€cooperation€with€the€SpecialÏRapporteur€and€stressed€the€importance€of€taking€the€Convention€on€the€RightsÏof€the€Child€into€consideration€in€the€framework€of€his€mandate.ÌÌÔ&  Ô187.àb..bàFollowing€an€exchange€of€correspondence€and€the€submission€of€writtenÏinformation€by€the€Federal€Republic€of€Yugoslavia€to€the€Committee,€anÏinformal€meeting€was€held€between€a€delegation€of€the€Government€and€someÏmembers€of€the€Committee.€€The€meeting€provided€the€opportunity€toÏreceivefurther€information€about€the€situation€of€children€in€theÏFederalRepublicofYugoslavia,€which€will€also€be€valuable€in€the€context€ofÏthe€discussion€of€the€initial€report€to€be€submitted€by€the€State€party,€underÏthe€provisions€of€article€44€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child.Ô'  ÔÌÌà@”..l àV.€€DRAFT€PROVISIONAL€AGENDA€FOR€THE€SEVENTH€SESSIONˆÌÌ188.àb..bàThe€following€is€the€draft€provisional€agenda€for€the€seventh€session€ofÏthe€Committee:ÌÌàb..bà1.à0™ ..™ àAdoption€of€the€agenda.ÌÌàb..bà2.à0™ ..™ àOrganizational€and€other€matters.ÌÌàb..bà3.à0™ ..™ àSubmission€of€reports€by€States€parties€in€accordance€withÏarticle44€of€the€Convention.ÌÌàb..bà4.à0™ ..™ àConsideration€of€reports€by€States€parties.ÌÌàb..bà5.à0™ ..™ àReview€of€developments€relevant€to€the€work€of€the€Committee.ÌÌàb..bà6.à0™ ..™ àSystem€of€documentation€and€information.̇àb..bà7.à0™ ..™ àGeneral€discussion€on€"The€role€of€the€family€in€the€promotion€ofÏthe€rights€of€the€child".ÌÌàb..bà8.à0™ ..™ àCooperation€with€other€United€Nations€bodies,€specialized€agenciesÏand€other€competent€bodies.ÌÌàb..bà9.à0™ ..™ àMethods€of€work€of€the€Committee.ÌÌàb..bà10.à0™ ..™ àFuture€meetings.ÌÌàb..bà11.à0™ ..™ àOther€matters.ÌÌà@”..NàVI.€€ADOPTION€OF€THE€REPORTˆÌÌ189.àb..bàAt€its€156th€meeting,€held€on€22€April€1994,€the€Committee€considered€theÏdraft€report€on€its€sixth€(special)€session.€€The€report€was€adoptedÏunanimously€by€the€Committee.ÌÌÇÓ8.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!8ÓÓ +û ËÿÓà@”..6àòòAnnexIóóˆÌÌà@”..Ä àSTATES€WHICH€HAVE€RATIFIED€OR€ACCEDED€TOˆÌà@”..’ àTHE€CONVENTION€ON€THE€RIGHTS€OF€THE€CHILDˆÌà@”..²àAS€AT€22€APRIL€1994€(158)ˆÌÌòòStatesóóàû ..û àòòDate€of€signatureóóàË..ËàòòDate€of€receiptóóà0ÿ..ÿàòòDate€of€entryóóÌà0û ..û àà0Ë..Ëàòòof€instrumentóóà0ÿ..ÿàòòinto€forceóóÌà0û ..û àà0Ë..Ëàòòof€ratification/óóÌà0û ..û àà0Ë..Ëàòòaccessionóó€òòaóó/ÌÌAfghanistanàû ..û à27€September€1990àË..Ëà28€March€1994àÿ..ÿà27€April€1994ÌAlbaniaàû ..û à26€January1990àË..Ëà27€February€1992àÿ..ÿà28€March€1992ÌAlgeriaà0û ..û à26January1990à0Ë..Ëà16April1993à0ÿ..ÿà16May1993ÌAngolaàû ..û à14€February1990àË..Ëà€5€December€1990àÿ..ÿà€4€January€1991ÌAntigua€andÌ€€Barbudaà0û ..û à12March1991à0Ë..Ëà€5October1993à0ÿ..ÿà€4November1993ÌÌArgentinaàû ..û à29€June€1990àË..Ëà€4€December€1990àÿ..ÿà€3€January€1991ÌArmeniaà0û ..û àà0Ë..Ëà23June1993€òòaóó/à0ÿ..ÿà22July1993ÌAustraliaàû ..û à22€August€1990àË..Ëà17€December€1990àÿ..ÿà16€January€1991ÌAustriaàû ..û à26€January€1990àË..Ëà€6€August€1992àÿ..ÿà€5€September€1992ÌAzerbaijanàû ..û ààË..Ëà13€August€1992€òòaóó/àÿ..ÿà12€September€1992ÌÌBahamasàû ..û à30€October€1990àË..Ëà20€February€1991àÿ..ÿà22€March€1991ÌBahrainàû ..û ààË..Ëà13€February€1992€òòaóó/àÿ..ÿà14€March€1992ÌBangladeshàû ..û à26€January€1990àË..Ëà€3€August€1990àÿ..ÿà€2€September€1990ÌBarbadosàû ..û à19€April€1990àË..Ëà€9€October€1990àÿ..ÿà€8€November€1990ÌBelarus€€€àû ..û à26€January€1990àË..Ëà€1€October€1990àÿ..ÿà31€October€1990ÌÌBelgiumàû ..û à26€January€1990àË..Ëà16€December€1991àÿ..ÿà15€January€1992ÌBelizeàû ..û à€2€March€1990àË..Ëà€2€May€1990àÿ..ÿà€2€September€1990ÌBeninàû ..û à25€April€1990àË..Ëà€3€August€1990àÿ..ÿà€2€September€1990ÌBhutanàû ..û à€4€June€1990àË..Ëà€1€August€1990àÿ..ÿà€2€September€1990ÌBoliviaàû ..û à€8€March€1990àË..Ëà26€June€1990àÿ..ÿà€2€September€1990ÌÌBosnia€andÌ€€Herzegovina*€à0û ..û àà0Ë..Ëàà0ÿ..ÿà€6March1992ÌBrazilàû ..û à26€January€1990àË..Ëà24€September€1990àÿ..ÿà24€October€1990ÌBulgariaàû ..û à31€May€1990àË..Ëà€3€June€1991àÿ..ÿà€3€July€1991ÌBurkina€Fasoàû ..û à26€January€1990àË..Ëà31€August€1990àÿ..ÿà30€September€1990ÌBurundiàû ..û à€8€May€1990àË..Ëà19€October€1990àÿ..ÿà18€November€1990ÌÌCambodiaàû ..û 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