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ӀCRC/C/43̀page      n    t    \R&6\ P G'     c=QRB>z \nt p @ H@c > ?"  CRC/C/43page          dTable_A !(   ++P..P..PCRC/C/43..P..Ppage     U G'   ++PCRC/C/43page      CRight ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)#|d<6X9`("Courier 12cpid6X@8;@-A.UniversBoldScalable}p?7-A.UniversBoldScalablep?7,A.UniversBoldScalable  p?7 (C$UKUS.,  TRW6&3'6&A43'T  33+B.++b >uQ!XB   dT)h)serJet [C!UKUS.,  TRW6&3'6&A43'T  33+B.++b >uQ!XB    8?+?\"'F dEF ??\"'QG dEQG ?=>UEAz|_ p @ H@E__X@nX UNITED  NATIONS =BWGCz|2n ` @ H@E?2nJ?2n=CUEAz|   p @ H@E   >  @e%@n@e%! ??++7!  +?    Distr.    GENERAL    CRC/C/43    9June1995    Original:ENGLISH@; ; ReportadoptedbytheCommitteeatits233rdmeeting, $ @-on9June1995  @ "COMMITTEEONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILD@OO'Reportontheninthsession  @&(Geneva,22May9June1995)@0CONTENTS$ ++%"??$Chapter % Paragraphs " Page 0X 0++ 3 K!"++%0WWI.  CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONSADOPTEDBY  6    THECOMMITTEEONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILDK!K!UK!.?""Y"  %! WW4<++ 3 ?#++ K!"<II.  ORGANIZATIONALANDOTHERMATTERSI.7  117""Y?#5 #!$   A. StatespartiestotheConventionI.##;  12""Y?#5 %#&   B. OpeninganddurationofthesessionI.OO>  3""Y?#5 '%(   C. MembershipandattendanceI.gg4  48""Y?#5 d)'*   D. SolemndeclarationI.-  9""Y?#6 B+j),   E. ElectionofofficersI.ss/  10""Y?#6  -H+.   F. AgendaI. !  11""Y?#6 .&-0 8 R     .. .. G. .. Presessionalworkinggroup....1215?#.."7.. .. H. .. Organizationofwork....16?#.."8.. .. I. .. Futureregularmeetings....17?#.."8 . GE.9518144(E)̇  33 ++P   } EF8.++b >uQ!8@..CONTENTS(continued) ++%"Chapter%..%Paragraphs".."Page&++ 3 ?#&..III. .. REPORTSBYSTATESPARTIESUNDERARTICLE44.. .. OFTHECONVENTION....18178?#.."9.. .. A. .. Submissionofreports....1819?#.."9.. .. B. .. Considerationofreports....20178?#.."9.. ..  .. 1.3 ..3 Concludingobservations:Nicaragua....2868?#..w"10.. ..  .. 2.3 ..3 Concludingobservations:Canada....6995?#..w"16.. ..  .. 3.3 ..3 Concludingobservations:Belgium....96116?#..w"20.. ..  .. 4.3 ..3 Concludingobservations:Tunisia....117134?#..w"24.. ..  .. 5.3 ..3 Concludingobservations:SriLanka....135178?#..w"26..IV. .. OVERVIEWOFTHEOTHERACTIVITIESOFTHE.. .. COMMITTEE....179216?#..w"32.. .. A. .. PreparatoryprocessoftheFourthWorld.. ..  .. ConferenceonWomen:Actionfor.. ..  .. Equality,DevelopmentandPeace....179180?#..w"32.. .. B. .. MeetingwiththeUnitedNationsexpert.. ..  .. ontheimpactofarmedconflicton.. ..  .. children....181185?#..w"32.. .. C. .. MeetingwiththeSpecialRapporteuron.. ..  .. Rwanda....186191?#..w"33.. .. D. .. MeetingwiththeSpecialRapporteuronthe.. ..  .. saleofchildren,childprostitutionand.. ..  .. childpornography....192196?#..w"34.. .. E. .. CooperationwithUnitedNationsandother.. ..  .. competentbodies....197213?#..w"34.. .. F. .. Futuredayofgeneraldiscussion....214216?#..w"37..WV. .. DRAFTPROVISIONALAGENDAFORTHETENTHSESSION....217?#..w"39..VI. .. ADOPTIONOFTHEREPORT....218?#..w"40@..CONTENTS(continued)@..6Annexes ++%"%..%".."Page++ K!w"..WI. .. StateswhichhaveratifiedoraccededtotheConventionon.. .. theRightsoftheChildasat9June1995K!..K!w"..w"w"..w"41..II. .. MembershipoftheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildK!..K!w"..w"w"..w"47..III. .. StatusofsubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesunder.. .. article44oftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.. .. asat9June1995K!..K!w"..w"w"..w"48..IV. .. ListofinitialreportsconsideredbytheCommitteeas.. .. of9June1995K!..K!w"..w"w"..w"58..WV. .. Provisionallistofinitialreportsscheduledfor.. .. considerationattheCommittee'stenthand.. .. eleventhsessionsK!..K!w"..w"w"..w"60..VI. .. Letterdated24March1995fromthePermanentMissionof.. .. theFederalRepublicofYugoslaviatotheUnitedNations.. .. OfficeatGenevaaddressedtotheChairpersonofthe.. .. CommitteeontheRightsoftheChildK!..K!w"..w"w"..w"61..VII. .. Replydated30May1995fromtheChairpersonofthe.. .. CommitteeontheRightsoftheChildaddressedto.. .. thePermanentMissionoftheFederalRepublicof.. .. YugoslaviatotheUnitedNationsOfficeatGenevaK!..K!w"..w"w"..w"63..+VIII. .. Generaldiscussionontheadministrationofjuvenile.. .. justiceOutlineK!..K!w"..w"w"..w"64..IX. .. Listofdocumentsissuedfortheninthsessionof.. .. theCommitteeK!..K!w"..w"w"..w"66@.. I.CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONSADOPTEDBY ( THECOMMITTEEONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILD8.++b >uQ!8b..bTheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,b..bReaffirmingtheimportanceitattachestomaintainingeffectivecooperationandmeaningfuldialoguewithUnitedNationsbodiesactiveinthefieldofhumanrightsingeneralandchildren'srightsinparticular,b..bRecognizingtheneedtoensureitsactiveparticipationinactivitiesofrelevancetoitsworkwhicharetakingplacewithintheframeworkoftheUnitedNationssystemwideaction,b..bRecallingthat,asstressedbytheWorldConferenceonHumanRights,thehumanrightsofwomenandthegirlchildareaninalienable,integralandindivisiblepartofhumanrights,andshouldbeintegratedintothemainstreamofUnitedNationssystemwideactivityandregularlyandsystematicallyaddressedthroughouttherelevantUnitedNationsorgansandmechanisms,̀b..bRecallingalsothattheConventionontheRightsoftheChildandtheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomenhaveacomplementaryandmutuallyreinforcingnature,andthattheyconstituteanessentialframeworkforaforwardlookingstrategytopromoteandprotectthefundamentalrightsofgirlsandwomenanddecisivelyeradicateinequalityanddiscrimination,b..b1. .. Reiteratesitsdecisiontoberepresentedat,andactivelycontributeto,theFourthWorldConferenceonWomen:ActionforEquality,DevelopmentandPeace;b..b2. .. DecidestoberepresentedbytwoofitsmembersandurgestheSecretariattoadoptallnecessarymeasurestoensuretheirparticipation;b..b3. .. AlsodecidestocontinuetofollowcloselythedraftingprocessofthePlatformforActionwithaviewtoensuringthatthesituationandthefundamentalrightsofthegirlchildareclearlyreflectedthroughoutthedocumentandadequatelyaddressedintherelevantseparatechapterincludedtherein;b..b4. .. ReaffirmstheimportanceofalsoincludingtheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildasanessentialmechanismwithintheframeworkoftheinternationalmachinerytobeentrustedwiththetaskofmonitoringandperiodicallyreviewingtheimplementationofthePlatformforAction.@..Z II.ORGANIZATIONALANDOTHERMATTERS@.. A.StatespartiestotheConvention1.b..bAsat9June1995,theclosingdateoftheninthsessionoftheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,therewere175StatespartiestotheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.TheConventionwasadoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyinresolution44/25of20November1989andopenedforsignatureandratificationoraccessioninNewYorkon26January1990.Itenteredintoforceon2September1990,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofitsarticle49.AlistofStatesthathavesigned,ratifiedoraccededtotheConventioniscontainedinannexItothepresentreport.2.b..bThetextsofthedeclarations,reservationsorobjectionsmadebyStatespartieswithrespecttotheConventionarereproducedindocumentCRC/C/2/Rev.3.@.. B.Openinganddurationofthesession3.b..bTheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildhelditsninthsessionattheUnitedNationsOfficeatGenevafrom22Mayto9June1995.TheCommitteeheld24meetings(210thto233rd).AnaccountoftheCommittee'sdeliberationsatitsninthsessioniscontainedintherelevantsummaryrecords(CRC/C/SR.210217,219,221230and233).Attheopeningofthesession,Mr.IbrahimaFall,AssistantSecretaryGeneralforHumanRights,addressedtheCommittee,andinformeditofrecentdevelopmentsrelevanttotheprotectionandpromotionoftherightsofthechildhavingtakenplacewithintheframeworkoftheCommissiononHumanRights,aswellasothertreatymonitoringbodies.@..C.Membershipandattendance4.b..bAllmembersexceptMrs.EufemioandMrs.Sardenbergattendedtheninthsession.AlistofthemembersoftheCommittee,togetherwithanindicationofthedurationoftheirtermsofoffice,appearsinannexIItothepresentreport.5.b..bThefollowingUnitedNationsbodieswerealsorepresentedatthesession:UnitedNationsChildren'sFund,OfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees.6.b..bThefollowingspecializedagencieswerealsorepresentedatthesession:InternationalLabourOrganization,UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization,WorldHealthOrganization.7.b..bArepresentativefromINTERPOLalsoattendedthesession.8.b..bRepresentativesofthefollowingnongovernmentalorganizationswerealsoinattendanceatthesession:CategoryIb..bInternationalMovementATDFourthWorld,ZontaInternational.̇CategoryIIb..bDefenceforChildrenInternational,FriendsWorldCommitteeforConsultation(Quakers),InterAfricanCommitteeonTraditionalPracticesAffectingtheHealthofWomenandChildren,InternationalAbolitionistFederation,InternationalCatholicChildBureau,InternationalFederationofHumanRights,InternationalFederationTerredesHommes,InternationalServiceforHumanRights,RaddaBarnen,WorldFederationofMethodistWomen.Othersb..bInterChurchCommitteeforRefugees(Canada),NGOGroupfortheRightsoftheChild,OneWorldProductions.@..HD.Solemndeclaration9.b..bAtthe210thmeeting,on22May1995,thosemembersoftheCommitteewhowereelectedorreelectedatthefifthmeetingoftheStatespartiesmadeasolemndeclarationinaccordancewithrule15oftheprovisionalrulesofprocedure.@..E.Electionofofficers10.b..bAtits211thmeeting,heldon22May1995,theCommitteeelectedthefollowingofficersforatermoftwoyearsinaccordancewithrule16ofitsprovisionalrulesofprocedure: ++b9b..bChairperson:9..99..9Mrs.AkilaBelembaogo(BurkinaFaso)b..bViceChairpersons:9..9Mrs.FloraC.Eufemio(Philippines)b..b9..99..99..99..9Mr.ThomasHammarberg(Sweden)b..b9..99..99..99..9Mrs.MariliaSardenberg(Brazil)b..bRapporteur:9..99..9Mrs.MartaSantosPais(Portugal)8.++b >uQ!8@..F.Agenda11.b..bAtits210thmeeting,on22May1995,theCommitteehadbeforeittheprovisionalagenda(CRC/C/42).Theagendaoftheninthsession,asadopted,wasasfollows:b..b1. .. Adoptionoftheagendab..b2.0 .. Solemndeclarationbythenewlyelectedmembersofthe..!..!Committeeb..b3.0 .. ElectionoftheofficersoftheCommitteeb..b4.0 .. Organizationalandothermattersb..b5.0 .. SubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesinaccordancewitharticle44oftheConventionb..b6.0 .. ConsiderationofreportsofStatespartiesb..b7.0 .. CooperationwithotherUnitedNationsbodies,specializedagenciesandothercompetentbodiesb..b8.0 .. MethodsofworkoftheCommitteeb..b9.0 .. FuturemeetingsoftheCommitteeb..b10.0 .. Othermatters.@..G.Presessionalworkinggroup12.b..bInaccordancewiththedecisionoftheCommitteeatitsfirstsession,apresessionalworkinggroupmetatGenevafrom30Januaryto3February1995.AllmembersexceptMrs.Badran,Mgr.BambarenGastelumendiandMrs.Belembaogoparticipatedintheworkinggroup.RepresentativesfromUNICEF,UNHCR,ILOandUNESCOalsoparticipatedinthemeetingsoftheworkinggroup.TherepresentativeoftheNGOGroupfortheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,aswellasrepresentativesfromvariousnongovernmentalorganizations,werealsoinattendanceatthesession.13.b..bThepurposeofthepresessionalworkinggroupistofacilitatetheCommittee'sworkunderarticles44and45oftheConvention,primarilybyreviewingStatepartyreportsandidentifyinginadvancethemainquestionsthatwouldneedtobediscussedwiththerepresentativesofthereportingStates.Italsoprovidesanopportunitytoconsiderquestionsrelatingtotechnicalassistanceandinternationalcooperation.14.b..bThepresessionalworkinggroupheldeightmeetings,inthecourseofwhichitexaminedlistsofissuesputbeforeitbymembersoftheCommitteerelatingtotheinitialreportsofthefollowingfivecountries:Belgium,Canada,FederalRepublicofYugoslavia,SriLankaandTunisia.ThelistsofissuesweretransmitteddirectlytothePermanentMissionsoftheStatesconcernedwithanotewhichstated,interalia:0b..b"TheCommitteewishestoreceive,ifpossiblebefore10April1995,writtenanswerstotheissuesraisedinthelist.ThelistisnotintendedtobeexhaustiveanditshouldnotbeinterpretedaslimitingorinanyotherwayprejudgingthetypeandrangeofquestionswhichmembersoftheCommitteemightwishtopose.However,theworkinggroupbelievesthattheconstructivedialoguewhichtheCommitteewishestohavewiththerepresentativesofthereportingStatescanbefacilitatedbymakingthelistandthewrittenanswerstoitavailableinadvanceoftheCommittee'ssession."15.b..bOnthebasisofadecisiontakenatthepresessionalworkinggroupofthefifthsessionoftheCommittee,theworkinggroupestablishedinformalcontactswiththePermanentMissionsofStateswhosereportswerescheduledforconsiderationattheforthcomingsession,inordertoinformthemoftheprocedurefollowedbytheCommitteefortheconsiderationofreportsandclarifythepurposesofthedialoguewithrepresentativesoftheStatesparties.̇@..H.Organizationofwork16.b..bTheCommitteeconsideredtheorganizationofworkatits210thmeeting,on22May1995.TheCommitteehadbeforeitthedraftprogrammeofworkfortheninthsession,preparedbytheSecretaryGeneralinconsultationwiththeChairpersonoftheCommittee,andthereportoftheCommitteeonitseighthsession(CRC/C/38).TheCommitteedecidedtoestablishaworkinggroupcomposedofsomeofitsmembersinordertohaveafutureexchangeofviewsonarticle1oftheConventionwithintheCommittee.@..NI.Futureregularmeetings17.b..bTheCommitteenotedthatitstenthsessionwouldtakeplacefrom30Octoberto17November1995anditspresessionalworkinggroupwouldmeetfrom20to24November1995.b..bIII.REPORTSBYSTATESPARTIESUNDERARTICLE44OFTHECONVENTION  @..A.Submissionofreports18.b..bInconnectionwiththisitem,theCommitteehadbeforeitthefollowingdocuments:(a)notesbytheSecretaryGeneraloninitialreportsbyStatespartiesduein1992(CRC/C/3),1993(CRC/C/8/Rev.3),1994(CRC/C/11/Rev.3),1995(CRC/C/28)and1996(CRC/C/41);(b)anotebytheSecretaryGeneralontheStatespartiestotheConventionandthestatusofsubmissionofreports(CRC/C/39);(c)anotebytheSecretaryGeneralonthefollowuptotheconsiderationofinitialreportsbyStatespartiestotheConvention(CRC/C/27/Rev.2)and(d)anotebytheSecretaryGeneralonareasinwhichtheneedfortechnicaladviceandadvisoryserviceshavebeenidentifiedinthelightoftheobservationsadoptedbytheCommittee(CRC/C/40).TheCommitteewasinformedthat,inadditiontothesixreportsthatwerescheduledforconsiderationbytheCommitteeatitspresentsession(seeparas.20178below)andthosewhichhadbeenreceivedpriortotheCommittee'seighthsession(seeCRC/C/38,para.20),theSecretaryGeneralhadreceivedtheinitialreportsofChina(CRC/C/11/Add.7),Nepal(CRC/C/3/Add.34),Slovenia(CRC/C/8/Add.25)andZimbabwe(CRC/C/3/Add.35).ThestatusofsubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesunderarticle44oftheConventionisgiveninannexIII.19.b..bAlistofinitialreportsconsideredbytheCommittee,asof9June1995,aswellasaprovisionallistofinitialreportsscheduledforconsiderationattheCommittee'stenthandeleventhsessionsarecontainedrespectivelyinannexesIVandVtothepresentreport.@..B.Considerationofreports20.b..bAtitsninthsession,theCommitteeexaminedinitialreportssubmittedbysixStatespartiesunderarticle44oftheConvention.Itdevoted16ofits24meetingstotheconsiderationofreports(CRC/C/SR.211217,222230).21.b..bThefollowingreports,listedintheorderinwhichtheyhadbeenreceivedbytheSecretaryGeneral,werebeforetheCommitteeatitsninthsession:Nicaragua(CRC/C/3/Add.25),SriLanka(CRC/C/8/Add.13),Tunisia(CRC/C/11/Add.2),Canada(CRC/C/11/Add.3),Belgium(CRC/C/11/Add.4)andFederalRepublicofYugoslavia(CRC/C/8/Add.16).22.b..bInaccordancewithrule68oftheprovisionalrulesofprocedureoftheCommittee,representativesofallthereportingStateswereinvitedtoattendthemeetingsoftheCommitteeatwhichtheirreportswereexamined.23.b..bInaletterdated24March1995addressedtotheChairpersonoftheCommittee,thePermanentRepresentativeoftheFederalRepublicofYugoslaviatotheUnitedNationsOfficeatGenevaindicatedthat"...theFederalRepublicofYugoslaviahaspointedtothefactthatthedecisiononsuspendingitslegitimaterightstoparticipateinthemeetingsofStatespartiesimpliesthesuspensionofitsobligationsonthebasisofthesameConvention,therightsandobligationsbeingindivisible",andthattheFederalRepublicofYugoslaviawouldnotparticipateintheworkoftheninthsessionrelatedtotheconsiderationofitsinitialreport.(ForthetextoftheletterseeannexVIbelow.)24.b..bInitsreplydated30May1995,theCommitteetooknoteofthereasonspresentedbytheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofYugoslaviaasunderlyingitspositionandstatedthatitconsideredtheFederalRepublicofYugoslaviaasdutyboundasaStatepartytotheConventionandthattheCommitteewouldcontinuetoproceedonthebasisofthisunderstanding.TheCommitteeexpresseditsintentiontoconsidertheinitialreportoftheFederalRepublicofYugoslaviaatitseleventhsessionscheduledtotakeplaceinJanuary1996.(ForthetextoftheletterseeannexVIIbelow.)25.b..bAlltheStatespartieswhosereportswereconsideredbytheCommitteesentrepresentativestoparticipateintheexaminationoftheirrespectivereports.26.b..bThefollowingsections,arrangedonacountrybycountrybasisaccordingtothesequencefollowedbytheCommitteeinitsconsiderationofthereports,containconcludingobservationsreflectingthemainpointsofdiscussionandindicating,wherenecessary,issuesthatwouldrequireaspecificfollowup.27.b..bMoredetailedinformationiscontainedinthereportssubmittedbytheStatespartiesandinthesummaryrecordsoftherelevantmeetingsoftheCommittee.@.. 1.Concludingobservations:Nicaragua8.++b >uQ!828.b..bTheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofNicaragua(CRC/C/3/Add.25)atits211thto213thmeetings(CRC/C/SR.211-213),heldon22and23May1995,andadopted*thefollowingconcludingobservations:A.b..bIntroduction29.b..bTheCommitteetakesnotethattheproblemsfacingchildreninNicaraguaarefranklyexpressedinthereportoftheStateparty.TheCommitteeisoftheviewthatthedialoguewiththeGovernmentanditsrepresentatives,includingthroughtheirwrittenandoralresponsestoquestionsposedbytheCommittee,isconstructiveandvaluableinclarifyingthemeasuresbeingtakenandconsideredfortheimplementationoftheConvention.B.b..bPositivefactors30.b..bTheCommitteenotesthattheGovernmentrecognizesthatmajoreffortsarerequiredtoaddresstheseriousproblemsfacingchildrenintheStateparty.TheCommitteesharestheopinionoftheStatepartythatsocialandeconomicdevelopmentinadditiontolegislativereformarerequiredtoimprovethe򀀀b..b*Atthe233rdmeeting,heldon9June1995.situationofchildren.Inthisconnection,theCommitteenotesthatatthenationalleveltheGovernmenthasincludedthesituationofchildrenasatopiconitsagendaonsocialdevelopmentandthatatthelocallevelinitiativeshavebeentakenbythemayorsoftownstoallocatefurtherresourcestotheeducationalsector.31.b..bWithrespecttolegislativereform,theCommitteetakesnote,inparticular,oftheStateparty'sconsiderationofthepossibilityofamendingtheConstitutiontoincludeaprovisionwhichwouldaffordconstitutionalstatustotheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.ItisalsonotedthattheNationalAssemblyofNicaraguahassponsoredmajorchangesinsomelawswhichrelatetothesexualabuseofwomenandchildrenandthatitisengagedinacomprehensiveexaminationofvariouslawsaffectingchildrensoastoensuretheircompatibilitywiththeprovisionsoftheConvention.32.b..bTheCommitteewelcomestheestablishmentin1994oftheNationalCommissionforthePromotionandDefenceoftheRightsofChildrenandtheproposedcreationofanOfficeofOmbudsmanforChildren.ItalsonoteswithsatisfactionthattheNationalCommissionhascontactswiththeNicaraguanCoordinatingBodyforNonGovernmentalOrganizationsAssistingChildrenandthatthisisseenasfacilitatingthecoordinationandcarryingoutofvariousoverallplansandeventswhichhaveanimpactonchildren.33.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithappreciationthattheStatepartyviewstheobligationtoreportundertheConventionasanopportunitytoprepareadocumentandtoengageinadialoguewhichwouldserveasreferencepointsandasourceofinspirationforthetakingofmoreconcreteactioninregardtochildren.C.b..bFactorsanddifficultiesimpedingtheimplementationoftheConvention34.b..bTheCommitteerecognizesthatnaturaldisastersandtheyearsofinternalconflicthavehadseriousnegativeconsequencesforthesituationofchildrenandfamiliesinNicaragua.35.b..bTheCommitteeisawarethatasNicaraguahasoneofthehighestexternaldebtsintheworld,theburdenofdebtrepaymentisparticularlyheavy.TheCommitteealsonotesthatNicaraguaisoneofthepoorestcountriesinLatinAmericawhereunemploymentandunderemploymentaffectsalmost60percentofthepopulationandwheremorethan70percentofthepopulationislivinginpovertywithalmost25percentlivinginextremepoverty.Inviewofthisreality,aswellasthefactthatover50percentofthepopulationofNicaraguaisunder18,theCommitteenotesthatthesefactorsprovidefurtherindicationsofthedifficultiesconfrontingchildreninNicaragua.D.b..bPrincipalsubjectsofconcern..36.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedthattraditionalculturalattitudestowardschildrenandtheirroleinthefamilyandsocietymaycontributetohamperingtheimplementationoftheConvention.Inthisconnection,theCommitteenotesthatanunderstandingofchildrenasasubjectofrightsdoesnotappeartobefullyreflectedinlegislativeandothermeasuresintheStatepartyandasaresultmaypreventchildreninNicaraguafromfullyenjoyingtheirfundamentalrightsasrecognizedintheConvention.37.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithconcernthatthereisalackofawarenessandunderstandinginthecountryoftheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.Thislacunaisalsoreflectedintheabsenceofadistinctchildrightscomponentintrainingprogrammesforprofessionalgroupsworkingwithorforchildren.38.b..bTheCommitteeremainsconcernedattheapparentlackofsufficientcoordinationofthevariouseffortstoimplementtheConvention.39.b..bTheCommitteealsoviewstheinadequacyofmechanismstogatherandanalysestatisticalandotherinformationrelatingtodifferentgroupsofchildren,includingindigenouschildren,girlchildrenandchildrenlivinginpoverty,asamajorproblemtoensuringtheeffectivemonitoringoftheimplementationoftheConvention.40.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithconcernthelackoffullconformityofpresentandproposednationallegislationwithmattersrelatingtothelegaldefinitionofthechild.ItistheCommittee'sviewthattheearlyandlowermarriageableageforgirlsascomparedwithboysraisetheseriousquestionsastotheircompatibilitywiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,inparticularthoselaiddowninitsarticles2,3and6.41.b..bThelegislativereformssettingtheageofcompletionofeducationat12years,andtheminimumageforemploymentat14years,renderingchildrenbetweentheagesof12and14vulnerabletotheriskofeconomicexploitation,raiseconsiderableconcernsintheCommittee.42.b..bTheCommitteeremainsconcernedabouttheapparentpersistenceofdiscriminatoryattitudesdirectedtowardsgirls,childrenbornoutofwedlock,childrenfrompoorerincomegroupsandchildrenbelongingtominorityandindigenousgroups.43.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedaboutthecontinuingdifficultiesencounteredinensuringthebirthregistrationofchildren,particularlyattherurallevel.Theregistryofallchildrenisnecessary,inparticular,toensuretheirrecognitionaspersonsbeforethelawandthefullerenjoymentoftheirrightsand,ingeneral,tofacilitatetheeffectivemonitoringofthesituationofchildrenandthusassistinthedevelopmentofsuitablyappropriateandtargetedprogrammes.44.b..bTheCommitteesharestheconcernexpressedbytheStatepartyaboutthefactthatchildrenareoftenabusedinthemediatothedetrimentoftheirpersonalityandstatusasminors.45.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedabouttheadequacyofmeasurestakentoensurethattheconditionsininstitutionscaringforchildrenareregularlymonitoredandsupervised.Equally,theCommitteeremainsconcernedaboutthesufficiencyofmeasurestakentoimplementtheprovisionsoftheConventionrelatingtoadoption,particularlyintercountryadoption,andwithrespecttocombatingtraffickinginchildren.46.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedabouttherelativelyhighmaternalmortalityrate,especiallyasitaffectsyounggirls,inNicaragua.Italsonotesthatclandestineabortionsandteenagepregnanciesappeartobeaseriousprobleminthecountry.47.b..bTheCommitteenotesthatNicaraguanwomenonaveragegivebirthtofivechildren,thatthepercentageofsingleparenthouseholdsiscomparativelyhigh,thatfamilieshavedifficultiesinensuringanadequatestandardoflivingfortheirchildren,andthattherearechildreninNicaraguawhosufferfromstuntingandmalnutrition.48.b..bTheCommitteeremainsworriedaboutthesufficiencyofmeasuresbeingtakentoimproveaccesstoeducationandtoreducethehighratesofschooldropoutandrepetitionofclasses.49.b..bTheCommitteeisdeeplyconcernedabouttheproblemsofabuseandviolencewhichpersistinthefamilyandsocietyingeneral.Inviewofthisreality,theadequacyofmeasurestopreventsuchabuseandviolence,torespondtochildren'sreportsoftheirabuse,tosafeguardchildrenwhoreportabuseandtopreventtheimpunityofthosewhohavecommittedabuseagainstchildrenremainamatterofconsiderableconcerntotheCommittee.50.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsconcernabouttheimplementationoftheprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConventioninrelationtotheadministrationofjuvenilejustice.TheCommitteenotestheabsenceofmeasurestocreateajuvenilejusticesystemmouldedtotheneedsandprotectingtherightsofchildren.Inthisregard,itisconcernedthatasmechanismsforalternativetreatmentarelacking,thesystemcurrentlyinplaceappearstobeunabletorespondtotheneedsofchildrenbelowtheageof15whohavebehaviouralproblems.Similarly,withrespecttothesituationof15-to18-year-oldswhofindthemselvesinvolvedwiththeadministrationofjusticesystem,thereappearstobeanabsenceofalternativemeasurestodetentionforsuchchildrenandtodifficultiesinensuringtheseparationofjuvenilesfromadultsinprisons.TheCommitteealsotakesnoteoftheinformationcontainedintheStatepartyreportwhichhighlightstheproblemsassociatedwiththelackofsufficienttraininginchildren'srightsoflawenforcementofficialswhichhascontributedtoinfringementsoftherightsofthechildbeingcommitted.51.b..bWithrespecttochildexploitation,theCommitteeisconcernedthatchildlabourremainsaseriousprobleminNicaragua,especiallyinviewofthehighlevelofadultunemploymentexistinginthecountry.Itisconcernedabouttheapparentinadequacyofmeasurestoaddressthisissue,includingforthemanychildrenworkingintheinformalsector,includingindomesticservice,wherenoeffectivemechanismsappeartoexistfortheprotectionofchildrenengagedinsuchwork.52.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsgraveconcernthatanincreasingnumberofchildrenwhomakealivingbysellingandbeggingonthestreetsareespeciallyvulnerabletosexualexploitation.E.b..bSuggestionsandrecommendations53.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthat,withinthecontextofthelegalreformpresentlybeingundertakenbytheGovernmentofNicaragua,nationallegislationbemadecompatiblewiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.SuchreformshouldaddresstheconcernsraisedbytheCommitteeduringitsdiscussionswiththeStateparty,includingwithregardtomattersrelatingtothelegaldefinitionofthechild.WithrespecttothematterofthestatusoftheConventioninnationallegislation,theCommitteewouldliketoencouragetheStatepartytopursueitsconsiderationofaccordingconstitutionalstatustotheConvention.54.b..bTheCommitteeisoftheviewthatfurtherattentionandpriorityshouldbegiventoestablishinganeffectivesystemofcoordinatingtheimplementationoftheConvention.Inthisregard,theCommitteewouldliketosuggestthattheNationalCommissionforthePromotionandDefenceoftheRightsofChildrenbestrengthened.55.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatmeasuresbetakentoimprovethesystemforcollectingstatisticalandotherdataaboutthestatusofchildren.TheCommitteewouldalsoliketoindicatethatthedevelopmentofsuchmechanismswouldprovideanimportantopportunityforraisingawarenessoftheimplicationsoftheratificationoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChildanditseffectiveimplementation.56.b..bTheCommitteewouldalsoliketoexpressthehopethattheOfficeofanOmbudsmanforChildrenbecreatedwithaviewtopromotingandprotectingtherightsofthechild.57.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyconsiderusingtheConventionasatoolforthepreventionofviolenceandabuse.Onewaytoachievethis,theCommitteesuggests,isbyteachingchildrentodefendtheirrightsandfortrainedindividualsworkingwithandforchildrentotransmitthevaluesoftheConventiontochildren.Thus,theCommitteerecommendsthateducationabouttheConventionbeincorporatedintononformalandformaleducationalcurriculaandintotrainingandretrainingprogrammesforprofessionalsworkingwithorforchildren,includingteachers,healthworkers,socialworkers,judgesandlawenforcementofficials.58.b..bTheCommitteesuggeststhattheGovernmentdeveloppubliccampaignsontherightsofthechildwithaviewtoeffectivelyaddressingtheproblemofpersistingdiscriminatoryattitudesandpracticesagainstparticulargroupsofchildrensuchasgirlchildren,childrenbelongingtoaminorityorindigenousgroupandpoorchildren.Itisalsosuggestedthatfurtherproactivemeasuresbedevelopedtoimprovethestatusofthesegroupsofchildren.59.b..bWithrespecttoarticle4,andnotwithstandingtheeconomicdifficultiesfacedbytheStateparty,theCommitteerecognizesthatmoresubstantialbudgetaryallocationsarerequiredtoincreasethecoverageandqualityofservicesforchildren,withparticularattentionbeingpaidtothemostvulnerablegroupsofchildren,inthelightofarticles2and3oftheConvention.Inthisregard,theCommitteewishestoencourageandexpressitssupportforinitiativesdesignedtofacilitateinternationalcooperationinassistingtheStatepartytomeetitsobligationsundertheConvention.60.b..bWithrespecttotheimplementationofarticles12,13and15oftheConvention,theCommitteerecommendsthatconsiderationbegiventoextendingandbroadeningtheinvolvementofchildrenintheinitiativesbeingundertakenwithintheStatepartytofacilitatechildren'sparticipationindecisionsaffectingthem.̀61.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthat,onanurgentbasis,measuresbetakentoensuretheprotectionofthechildfrominformationandmaterialinjurioustohisorherwell-beingandtoprotectthechild'srighttoprivacy,inlightoftheprovisionsofarticles16and17oftheConvention.62.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyconsiderthepossibilityoffocusingitsattentionontheorganizationofamorecomprehensiveandcoordinatedcampaigninordertoaddresstheinterrelatedfamilyandsocial-relatedproblemsof:thehighnumberoffamilyseparations,therelativelyhighmaternalmortalityrateandteenagepregnancies,thenumberofchildrenwhoarevictimsofviolenceorabuse,andtherisingnumberofchildrenlivingorbeggingonthestreetwhoareatriskofsexualexploitation.63.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesthehopethattheStatepartywillconsiderthepossibilityofratifyingthe1993HagueConventiononProtectionofChildrenandCooperationinrespectofIntercountryAdoption.64.b..bInviewofthegeneralproblemswhichexistwithregardtothehealthstatusofthepopulation,particularlychildren,theCommitteesuggeststhattheprovisionofprimaryhealthcarebeemphasized,withfamilyplanningservicesandknowledgeofnutritionastwoofitsmajorcomponents,andthatstrategiesbedevelopedtoprovidefamilieswiththenecessarytechnicalandothersupporttogrowtheirownfood.65.b..bTheCommitteesuggeststhatgreatereffortsshouldbedirectedtodevelopinglow-costbuteffectivestrategiestoincreasesubstantiallytheenrolmentandattendanceratesofchildrenineducationandtoimprovethequalityandappropriatenessofeducation.Theintroductionofsuchmeasureswouldassistinfurthersignallingthecommitmentwhichexiststoattractingchildrentoattendschoolaswellastoconvincingfamiliesofthevalueofeducation.ItisalsosuggestedthattheGovernmentconsiderextendingtheprovisionofcompulsoryeducationtonineyearsofschooling,therebyensuringatthesametimethattheageofcompletionofcompulsoryeducationwouldbeharmonizedwiththeminimumageforemployment.InlightoftherecentlaunchingoftheUnitedNationsDecadeforHumanRightsEducation,theCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytoconsiderusingthisopportunitytopromotetheincorporationofeducationabouttheConventionincurriculaforschoolchildren,itbeingunderstoodthatthechildrenwouldbetaughtabouttheirrightsbysuitablytrainedandqualifiedteachers.66.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatanadministrationofjuvenilejusticesystembeestablishedinlinewiththerelevantprovisionsoftheConvention,inparticularitsarticles37,39and40,andinlightofotherrelatedinternationalinstruments.Inthisconnection,theCommitteewishestoemphasizetheimportanceandrelevanceoftheUnitedNationsGuidelinesforthePreventionofJuvenileDelinquency(TheRiyadhGuidelines)whichenvisageandcallforthestrengtheningandsupportingofthevitalroleofthefamilyandcommunityinordertohelpeliminatethesocialconditionsleadingtosuchproblemsasdelinquency,crimeanddrugaddictionandtoassistthefamiliesandcommunitiesfacingsuchproblems.67.b..bItistheviewoftheCommitteethatlegalreformsandapreventivecampaignshouldbeurgentlyintroducedtoaddresstheissueofchildlabour.TheCommitteewouldliketosuggestthattheGovernmentofNicaraguaconsiderrequestingfurthertechnicalassistancefromILOinthesematters.68.b..bTheCommitteewelcomestheinvitationaddressedtotheCommitteetovisitNicaragua.TheCommitteeproposesthattheStatepartyprepareapublicationofthereportofNicaragua,thesummaryrecordsofthediscussionwiththeStatepartyandtheconcludingobservationsadoptedbytheCommittee.SuchadocumentshouldbewidelydistributedinordertogeneratedebateandawarenessoftheConvention,itsimplementationandmonitoring,bothwithintheGovernmentandthegeneralpublic,includingwiththeconcernednon-governmentalorganizationcommunity.@.. 2.Concludingobservations:Canada69.b..bTheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofCanada(CRC/C/11/Add.3)atits214th,215th,216thand217thmeetings(CRC/C/SR.214-217),heldon24and26May1995,andadopted*thefollowingconcludingobservations:A.b..bIntroduction70.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsappreciationtotheStatepartyforitscomprehensivereport,whichfollowstheCommittees'sguidelines,andforengaging,throughahigh-rankingdelegation,inaconstructiveandfrankdialoguewiththeCommittee.TheCommitteewelcomesthewritteninformationprovidedbythedelegationofCanadainreplytothequestionsincludedinthelistofissues(CRC/C.9/WP.1)whichwerecommunicatedtoitbeforethesession,aswellastheadditionalinformationprovidedduringthecourseofthediscussion,whichenabledtheCommitteetobetterassessthesituationoftherightsofthechildinCanada.TheCommitteefurtherwelcomestheadditionalwritteninformationsubmittedbytheStatepartyfollowingthedialogueheldwiththeCommittee.B.b..bPositivefactors71.b..bTheCommitteeappreciatestheStateparty'sfirmcommitmenttoadoptingfurthermeasuresfortheimplementationoftherightsofthechildasrecognizedintheConvention.TheCommitteeconsidersespeciallynoteworthythefactthatCanadaplayedaleadingroleinthedraftingprocessoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChildandinconveningthe1990WorldSummitforChildren.̇72.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithsatisfactionthegeneralstrengtheningoftheprotectionofhumanrights,particularlychildren'srights,throughtheCanadianCharterofRightsandFreedomsandthroughtheadoptionoflegislativemeasuresinthefieldofchildren'srights.TheCommitteealsowelcomestheestablishmentoftheNationalCouncilforCrimePreventionwhichspecificallypurportstobetterimplementtheConventionprovisionsintheareaofjuvenilejustice.73.b..bTheCommitteefurtherwelcomestheestablishmentoftheChildren'sBureaufollowingtheWorldSummitforChildrenanditsroleinensuringthattheConventionistakenintoaccountingovernmentpolicies,aswellasinenablingconsultationsbetweentheauthoritiesandtheprivateandvoluntarysectors.TheCommitteenoteswithsatisfactionthenumerousactivitiesundertakentodisseminateinformationrelatingtotheConvention.74.b..bTheCommitteewelcomesthecommitmentexpressedbythedelegationtoadoptmeasurestofaceincreasingpovertyandreduceexistingdisparities,inspiteofdifficultiesarisingfromthepresenteconomicrecession.TheCommitteenotesinthisregardtheestablishmentoftheFamilySupportEnforcementFundintendedtohelpprovincialandterritorialgovernmentsinthefieldofpromotionandprotectionofchildren'srights.75.b..bTheCommitteewelcomesspecificactiontakenbyschoolsandlocalcommunityservicestoidentifychildren'sdisabilitiesatanearlystage.76.b..bTheCommitteealsotakesnoteoftheeffortsmadebyCanadainparticipatingininternationalprojectsincooperationwithUNICEFandothergovernmentalorinternationalnon-governmentalorganizations.C.b..bPrincipalsubjectsofconcern77.b..bTheCommittee,whiletakingnoteofthestatement,reflectedinthereportoftheStateparty,thatthefederalnatureofCanadaisacomplicatingfactorintheimplementationoftheConvention,andthattheexactdivisionofresponsibilitiesbetweenfederal,provincialandterritorialgovernmentsovermattersaffectingchildrenmayinvolveanelementofuncertainty,stressesthatCanadaisboundtoobservefullytheobligationsassumedbyratifyingtheConvention.TheCommitteeisconcernedthatsufficientattentionhasnotbeenpaidtotheestablishmentofapermanentmonitoringmechanismthatwillenableaneffectivesystemofimplementationoftheConventioninallpartsofthecountry.DisparitiesbetweenprovincialorterritoriallegislationandpracticeswhichaffecttheimplementationoftheConventionareamatterofconcerntotheCommittee.Itseems,forinstance,thatthedefinitionofthelegalstatusofthechildrenbornoutofwedlockbeingamatterofprovincialresponsibilitymayleadtodifferentlevelsoflegalprotectionofsuchchildreninvariouspartsofthecountry.78.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithconcernthattheStatepartymadereservationstoarticles21and37(c)oftheConvention.79.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsconcernaboutthevalueoftheConventionindomesticlaw.CertainbasicprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConvention,particularlythoserelatingtonon-discrimination,thebestinterestsofthechildandtherespectfortheviewsofthechild,havenotalwaysbeenadequatelyreflectedinnationallegislationandpolicy-making.80.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedbytheemergingproblemofchildpoverty,especiallyamongvulnerablegroups.Itisalsoworriedbytheincreasingnumberofchildrenwhoarebroughtupbysingleparentfamilies,orinotherproblematicenvironments.Whileappreciatingtheprogrammesalreadysetup,theCommitteeemphasizestheneedforspecialprogrammesandservicestoprovidethenecessarycare,especiallyintermsofeducation,housingandnutrition,forsuchchildren.81.b..bTheCommitteerecognizestheeffortsmadebyCanadaformanyyearsinacceptingalargenumberofrefugeesandimmigrants.Nevertheless,theCommitteeregretsthattheprinciplesofnon-discrimination,ofthebestinterestsofthechildandoftherespectfortheviewsofthechildhavenotalwaysbeengivenadequateweightbyadministrativebodiesdealingwiththesituationofrefugeeorimmigrantchildren.Itisparticularlyworriedbytheresortbyimmigrationofficialstomeasuresofdeprivationoflibertyofchildrenforsecurityorotherrelatedpurposesandbytheinsufficientmeasuresaimedatfamilyreunificationwithaviewtoensuringthatitisdealtwithinapositive,humaneandexpeditiousmanner.TheCommitteespecificallyregretsthedelaysindealingwithreunificationofthefamilyincaseswhereoneormoremembersofthefamilyhavebeenconsideredeligibleforrefugeestatusinCanadaaswellascaseswhererefugeeorimmigrantchildrenborninCanadamaybeseparatedfromtheirparentsfacingadeportationorder.82.b..bFurthermeasuresseemtobeneededtoeffectivelypreventandcombatallformsofcorporalpunishmentandill-treatmentofchildreninschoolsorininstitutionswherechildrenmaybeplaced.TheCommitteeisalsopreoccupiedbytheexistenceofchildabuseandviolencewithinthefamilyandtheinsufficientprotectionaffordedbytheexistinglegislationinthatregardw"..w".83.b..bTheCommitteefurthernotestheurgentneedtoensureadequateprotectionofchildrenfromharmfulinformation,andparticularlyfromtelevisionprogrammesincitingorcontainingviolence.84.b..bTheincreasingincidenceofsuicideamongyoungpeopleisanadditionalcauseforconcern.85.b..bWhilerecognizingthestepsalreadytaken,theCommitteenoteswithconcernthespecialproblemsstillfacedbychildrenfromvulnerableanddisadvantagedgroups,suchasaboriginalchildren,withregardtotheenjoymentoftheirfundamentalrights,includingaccesstohousingandeducation.D.b..bSuggestionsandrecommendations86.b..bTheCommitteewishestoencourageCanadatoreviewitsreservationstotheConventionandtoconsiderthepossibilityofwithdrawingthem,andwouldliketobekeptinformedofdevelopmentsonthisfundamentalmatter.87.b..bTheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytopursueanddevelopitspolicyaimedatdisseminatinginformationandincreasingpublicawarenessoftheConvention.Itrecommendsthatanationwideeducationcampaignbelaunched,intheframeworkoftheUnitedNationsDecadeforHumanRightsEducation,tosensitizethepopulationatlarge-includingchildrenthemselves-totheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,andthatconsiderationbegiventoincorporatingtherightsofthechildintheschoolcurricula.Atthesametime,theStatepartyshouldintegratetheConventionintothetrainingcurriculaforprofessionalgroupsdealingwithchildren,especiallyjudges,lawyers,immigrationofficers,peace-keepersandteachers.88.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartystrengthenthecooperationbetweenmechanismsexistinginitslegalandadministrativeframeworkandenhancethecoordinationbetweenfederal,provincialandterritorialauthoritiesinthefieldofchildren'srightswithaviewtoeliminatinganypossibilityofdisparityordiscriminationintheimplementationoftheConventionandensuringthattheConventionisfullyrespectedinallpartsofitsterritory.TheCommitteealsorecommendsthatemphasisbeplacedonfederalmonitoringmechanisms-suchastheCommitteeofOfficialsonHumanRights-withaviewtomakingthemmoreeffective.TheestablishmentofacomprehensivenetworkforthecollectionofdatacoveringallareasoftheConventionandtakingintoaccountallgroupsofchildrenwithinCanadianjurisdictionisrecommended.Cooperationinthefieldoftherightsofthechildbetweentheauthoritiesandnon-governmentalorganizationsaswellasaboriginalcommunitiesshouldalsobefurtherstrengthened.89.b..bTheCommitteeencouragestheGovernmentofCanadatoensurethefullimplementationofarticle4oftheConventioninthelightofthegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention,inparticularthebestinterestsofthechild.Availableresourcesshouldbeallocatedtotheirmaximumextenttoensuretheimplementationofeconomic,socialandculturalrights.TheCommitteealsoemphasizestheneedtotakeimmediatestepstotackletheproblemofchildpovertyandmakeeveryfeasibleefforttoensurethatallfamilies,particularlysingleparentfamilies,haveadequateresourcesandfacilities.".."90.b..bTheCommitteealsoencouragestheStatepartytousetheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionasaframeworkfortheprogrammeofinternationaldevelopmentassistance.91.b..bInviewofthefactthattheConventioncanonlybereferredtobeforethecourtsasameansofinterpretationofnationallegislation,theCommitteerecommendsthatfurtherstepsbetakentoensuretheeffectiveimplementationoftheConventionatthenationallevel.Inthisregard,theCommitteealsowishestoemphasizetheimportanceoftakingactiontoensurethatthegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention,particularlythoserelatingtonon-discrimination,thebestinterestsofthechildandtherespectfortheviewsofthechildasguaranteedunderarticles2,3,and12respectively,arereflectedindomesticlaw.Withregardtoarticle12inparticular,itisrecommendedthatchildrenbeprovidedwiththeopportunitytobeheardinjudicialandadministrativeproceedings.92.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartypayparticularattentiontotheimplementationofarticle22oftheConventionaswellasofthegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention,inparticularthebestinterestsofthechildandrespectforhisorherviews,inallmattersrelatingtotheprotectionofrefugeeandimmigrantchildren,includingindeportationproceedings.TheCommitteesuggeststhateveryfeasiblemeasurebetakentofacilitateandspeedupthereunificationofthefamilyincaseswhereoneormoremembersofthefamilyhavebeenconsideredeligibleforrefugeestatusinCanada.Solutionsshouldalsobesoughttoavoidexpulsionscausingtheseparationoffamilies,inthespiritofarticle9oftheConvention.Moregenerally,theCommitteerecommendsthattheGovernmentaddressthesituationofunaccompaniedchildrenandchildrenhavingbeenrefusedrefugeestatusandawaitingdeportationinthelightoftheConvention'sprovisions.Deprivationoflibertyofchildren,particularlyunaccompaniedchildren,forsecurityorotherpurposesshouldonlybeusedasameasureoflastresortinaccordancewitharticle37(b)oftheConvention.93.b..bTheCommitteesuggeststhattheStatepartyexaminethepossibilityofreviewingthepenallegislationallowingcorporalpunishmentofchildrenbyparents,inschoolsandininstitutionswherechildrenmaybeplaced.Inthisregardandinthelightoftheprovisionssetoutinarticles3and19oftheConvention,theCommitteerecommendsthatthephysicalpunishmentofchildreninfamiliesbeprohibited.Inconnectionwiththechild'srighttophysicalintegrityasrecognizedbytheConvention,namelyinitsarticles19,28and37,andinthelightofthebestinterestsofthechild,theCommitteefurthersuggeststhattheStatepartyconsiderthepossibilityofintroducingnewlegislationandfollow-upmechanismstopreventviolencewithinthefamily,andthateducationalcampaignsbelaunchedwithaviewtochangingattitudesinsocietyontheuseofphysicalpunishmentinthefamilyandfosteringtheacceptanceofitslegalprohibition.94.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartystrengthenitseffortstoensurethatchildrenfromvulnerableanddisadvantagedgroups,suchasaboriginalchildren,benefitfrompositivemeasuresaimedatfacilitatingaccesstoeducationandhousing.Researchshouldbedevelopedontheproblemsrelatingtothegrowingrateofinfantmortalityandsuicideamongchildrenwithinaboriginalcommunities.95.b..bFinally,inthelightofarticle44,paragraph6,oftheConvention,theCommitteerecommendsthattheinitialreportpresentedbyCanadabemadewidelyavailabletothepublicatlargeandthatthepublicationofthereportbeconsidered,alongwiththerelevantsummaryrecordsandtheconcludingobservationsadoptedthereonbytheCommittee.&  @..Z 3.Concludingobservations:Belgium96.b..bTheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofBelgium(CRC/C/11/Add.4)atits222nd,223rdand224thmeetings(CRC/C/SR.222-224),heldon31Mayand'  1June1995,andadopted*thefollowingconcludingobservations:A.b..bIntroduction97.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsappreciationtotheStatepartyforitsverycomprehensivereport,andwelcomestheopenandself-criticalapproachtakenbytheGovernmentofBelgiuminpreparingthisreport.ItalsowishestoexpressappreciationtotheStatepartyforthesubmissionofwrittenrepliestoitslistofissues(seeCRC/C.9/WP.4),aswellasfortheadditionalinformationprovidedduringthecourseofthediscussion.98.b..bThepresenceofahigh-leveldelegationenabledtheCommitteetoengageinafrankandconstructivedialoguewiththosedirectlyresponsiblefortheimplementationoftheConvention,atthefederalandcommunitieslevels.B.b..bPositivefactors99.b..bTheCommitteewelcomestheopennessofthedelegationtoreviewofthedeclarationsmadeuponratificationanditswillingnesstoconsiderwithdrawingthem.100.b..bTheCommitteewelcomesthemeasurestakenbytheGovernmentofBelgium,sincetheentryintoforceoftheConventionin1992,topromoteandprotecttherightsofthechild.Inthisconnection,theCommitteeparticularlywelcomestheadoptionofacomprehensivelegalframeworktoensurefullconformitywiththeConventionandtheadoptionofarecentlawwhichextendsthenationaljurisdictionincasesofchildprostitutionandpornographyandallowstheStatetoprosecuteanypersonaccusedof"sextourism";therevisionofarticle371oftheCivilCode,whichwillnowprovidefor"mutualrespectbetweenparentsandchildren";thestepstakeninviewoftheratificationofthe1993HagueConventiononProtectionofChildrenandCooperationinrespectofIntercountryAdoption;theannouncedintentiontorevisetheCivilCodewithaviewtoloweringtheminimumageofconsenttoadoption,inthespiritofarticle12oftheConvention;aswellastheestablishmentofinstitutionsandmechanismsforthepromotionandprotectionoftherightofthechildbythecommunities.TheCommitteealsoexpressesitsappreciationforthelaunchingofawareness-raisingcampaignsforthepreventionofchildabuseandneglect.101.b..bTheCommitteewelcomesthefactthattheConventionisself-executingandthatitsprovisionsmaybe,andinpracticehavebeeninseveralinstances,invokedbeforethecourt.ItalsonoteswithsatisfactionthefactthatBelgiumappliestheprincipleoftheprimacyofinternationalhumanrightsstandardsovernationallegislationincaseofconflictoflaw.102.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithsatisfactionthatduringthepresentperiodofeconomicrecession,attentionhasbeenpaidbytheauthoritieswithaviewtoensuringthatthebudgetaryresourcesforthesocialwelfareofthemostdisadvantagedgroupsofthepopulationand,amongthemchildren,willnotdecreaseintheStateparty.̇C.b..bPrincipalsubjectsofconcern103.b..bTheCommitteewouldliketosuggestthattheStatepartyconsiderestablishingapermanentnationalmechanismforthepurposeofcoordinatingtheimplementationoftheConventionanditnotestheneedforaneffectiveoverallsystemforthecollectionofdataontherightsofthechildatthefederallevel,includinginparticularonespeciallyvulnerablegroupsofchildren.104.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedabouttheapplicationofthelawandpolicyconcerningchildrenseekingasylum,includingunaccompaniedchildren.Itisparticularlyconcernedthatunaccompaniedminorswhohavehadtheirasylumrequestrejected,butwhocanremaininthecountryuntiltheyare18yearsold,maybedeprivedofanidentityanddeniedthefullenjoymentoftheirrights,includinghealthcareandeducation.Suchasituation,intheviewoftheCommittee,raisesconcernastoitscompatibilitywitharticles2and3oftheConvention.105.b..bWithregardtotheprovisionsofarticle2oftheConvention,theCommitteeisconcernedthatchildrenbelongingtodisadvantagedgroupsofthepopulationappearmorelikelytobeplacedincare.Inthisregard,the&  Committeerecallstheimportanceofthefamilyintheupbringingofachildandemphasizesitsviewthattheseparationofachildfromhisorherfamily'  musttakethechild'sbestinterestasaprimaryconsideration.106.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsconcernaboutthepossibilityofrelinquishmentofjurisdictionprovidedforinarticle38oftheYoungPersons'ProtectionActwhichallowsforyoungpersonsbetween16and18tobetriedasadultsandtherebyfacetheimpositionofadeathsentenceorasentenceoflifeimprisonment.TheCommitteeisalsoconcernedthatinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofarticle53ofthesameAct,childrenmaybekeptinprisonforaperiodof15daysandbekeptinisolation.̀D.b..bSuggestionsandrecommendations107.b..bTheCommitteewishestoencouragetheStatepartytoconsiderreviewingthedeclarationsmadeuponratificationoftheConventionwithaviewtoconsideringwithdrawingthem.108.b..bTheCommitteewishestosuggestthattheStatepartyenvisagetheestablishmentofapermanentmechanismofcoordination,evaluation,monitoringandfollow-upforpoliciesaimingattheprotectionofthechildtoensurethattheConventionontheRightsoftheChildisfullyrespectedandimplemented,atthefederalandcommunitieslevels.InthisrespectandaspartoftheongoingeffortsoftheStatepartytopromoteandprotecttherightsofthechild,theCommitteesuggeststhatwaysandmeansbeestablishedtofacilitateregularandclosercooperationbetweenthefederalandcommunitiesgovernmentsincooperationwithnon-governmentalorganizationsinvolvedinmonitoringtherespectfortherightsofthechildintheStateparty.109.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatBelgiumenvisagethecreationofapermanentmechanismofdatacollectionatthenationallevel,inordertohaveanoverallassessmentofthesituationofchildreninthecountryandtoensureacomprehensiveandmultidisciplinaryevaluationofprogressanddifficultiesinimplementingtheConvention.110.b..bTheCommitteeisoftheopinionthateffortstoharmonizenationallegislationwiththeprovisionsoftheConventionshouldbefurtherpursued,inparticularasregardsarticles38and53oftheYoungPersons'ProtectionActofApril1965withaviewtoensuringitsfullconformitywiththeConvention.TheCommitteewishestoencouragetheStatepartytocontinuetotakestepswithaviewtoensuringtheabolitionofthedeathpenaltyinpeaceaswellasinwartime.TheCommitteefurtherencouragestheStatepartytoconsiderreformingitslegislationwithaviewtoensuringtheprohibitionofcorporalpunishmentwithinthefamily.111.b..bTheCommitteewouldalsoliketosuggestthatfurtherconsiderationbegiveninthelightofarticle12oftheConventiontowaysofencouragingtheexpressionofviewsbychildrenandthoseviewsbeinggivendueweightinthedecision-makingprocessesaffectingtheirlives,inparticularinfamilylife,atschoolandlocallevelsaswellaswithinthejudicialsystem,includinginsituationswherethechildparticipatesintheproceedingsasawitness.112.b..bTheCommitteewouldliketoencouragetheStatepartytofurtherdevelopanongoingandsystematicapproachtomakingtheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionwidelyknowntochildrenandadultsalike.Inaddition,theCommitteerecommendsthattheprinciplesandpurposesoftheConventionbemadewidelyknowninthelanguagesspokeninBelgium,andtranslatedalsointothelanguagesofmajorrefugeeandimmigrantgroups.InviewoftheadoptionbytheGeneralAssemblyofresolution49/184proclaimingtheUnitedNationsDecadeforHumanRightsEducation,theCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytoconsiderusingthisopportunitytopromotetheincorporationofeducationabouttheConventionontheRightsoftheChildinschoolcurricula.ItistheviewoftheCommitteethatitisimportantthattheteachingmethodsusedinschoolsshouldreflectthespiritandphilosophyoftheConventionandtheaimsofeducationlaiddowninitsarticle29.113.b..bConsiderationshouldalsobegiventoincorporatingeducationontheprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConventionintrainingprogrammesforvariousprofessionalgroups,includingteachers,socialandhealthworkers,immigrationofficers,lawenforcementpersonnel,judgesandpersonnelincareanddetentioninstitutions.114.b..bTheCommitteewishestoencouragetheStatepartytoensurethatapplicationsforthepurposeoffamilyreunificationinthecasesofrefugeesandmigrantworkersaredealtwithinapositive,humaneandexpeditiousmanner.115.b..bTheCommitteeencouragestheGovernmentofBelgiumtoconsidersigningandratifyingtheInternationalConventionontheProtectionoftheRightsofAllMigrantWorkersandMembersofTheirFamilies.116.b..bFinally,theCommitteeappreciatesthewillingnessoftheGovernmentofBelgiumtopublishtheinitialreportofBelgium,aswellasthesummaryrecordsofthemeetingswiththeCommitteeandtheconcludingobservationsoftheCommitteeonthereport,andrecommendsthatthesedocumentsbedisseminatedaswidelyaspossibleinthelanguagesspokeninBelgium.@..Z 4.Concludingobservations:Tunisia117.b..bTheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofTunisia(CRC/C/11/Add.2)atits225th,226thand227thmeetings,heldon1and2June1995(CRC/C/SR.225-227)andadopted**thefollowingconcludingobservations:A.b..bIntroduction118.b..bTheCommitteewelcomesthesubmissionofthereport,whichcontainscomprehensiveinformationonthelegalframeworkwithinwhichtheConventionisimplementedandonothermeasuresadoptedsincetheratificationoftheConventionbyTunisia.119.b..bTheCommitteeappreciatesthewritteninformationprovidedbytheGovernmentinreplytothequestionssetoutinthelistofissues(CRC/C.9/WP.5).Furthermore,thepresenceofahighleveldelegationenabledtheCommitteetoengageinaconstructivedialoguewiththosedirectlyresponsiblefortheimplementationoftheConvention.B.b..bPositiveaspects120.b..bTheCommitteewelcomestheeffortsmadebytheGovernmentinbringingdomesticlawintolinewiththeConvention,throughtheenactmentofthedraftCodefortheProtectionoftheChild.SatisfactionisexpressedatthefactthatvariousnationallegislativeprovisionsaremoreconducivetotherealizationoftherightsofthechildthanthosecontainedintheConvention.TheCommitteealsonoteswithappreciationtheadoption,followingtheWorldSummitforChildrenin1990,oftheNationalPlanofActionfortheSurvival,ProtectionandDevelopmentofChildren,aswellastheadoptionofvariousprogrammes,specificallyaimedatpromotingandprotectingtherightsofthechild,suchasprogrammesfordisabledchildren,andprogrammesaimingatsensitizingteacherstothephilosophyoftheConvention.TheCommitteenoteswithparticularappreciationthesustainedpolicieswithaviewtoprotectingchildrenagainstthenegativeeffectsofstructuraladjustment.C.b..bFactorsanddifficultiesimpedingtheimplementationoftheConvention121.b..bTheCommitteenotesthattherearestillpracticeswhichimpedethefullenjoymentofcertainrightsofthechild.D.b..bPrincipalsubjectsofconcern122.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedabouttheextentofthereservationsanddeclarationsmadetotheConventionbytheStateparty.Inparticular,thereservationrelatingtotheapplicationofarticle2raisesconcernastoitscompatibilitywiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConvention.123.b..bTheCommitteenotesthatmeasurestakentoensuretheimplementationoftheprovisionsoftheConvention,particularlyarticles2,3,12,13and19,arestillinsufficient.TheCommitteeisconcernedatpracticesofdiscriminationagainstchildrenbornoutofwedlock.124.b..bTheCommitteenotesthatthesystemofcollectingdatarelevantforthemonitoringoftheimplementationoftheConventionneedstobeimprovedandextended.Itisconcernedwhethersufficientconsiderationhasbeengiventothereinforcementofmechanisms,includingofanindependentnature,tofollowupandevaluatetheimplementationoftheConventionatthenationalandlocallevels.125.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedthatthelegislativediscrepancybetweentheageforcompletionofmandatoryeducationandtheminimumageforadmissiontoemploymentmayleadtoencourageadolescentstodropoutfromtheschoolsystem.E.b..bSuggestionsandrecommendations126.b..bInthespiritofthefinaldocumentoftheWorldConferenceonHumanRights,theCommitteewishestoencouragetheStatepartytoconsiderreviewingitsreservationsanddeclarationstotheConventionwithaviewtowithdrawingthem,includingparticularlythereservationrelatingtoarticle2oftheConvention.127.b..bTheCommitteeencouragestheGovernmenttopursueitseffortsaimingatcreatingawarenessoftheConventionandhavingitsbasicprinciplesgraspedbythegeneralpublic,andtocontinuetrainingrelevantprofessionalgroupssuchasteachers,judges,lawenforcementofficials,socialworkers,thepersonnelincareanddetentioninstitutions,aswellasmilitarypersonnel.128.b..bThedatacollectiononmattersrelatingtotheConventionshouldbesystematizedandamplified,withaviewtocoveringallareasaddressedbytheConvention.129.b..bTheCommitteewouldliketosuggestthattheStatepartyconsiderreinforcingthemechanismsformonitoringandevaluatingtheimplementationoftheConvention.AmoreefficientcoordinationbetweenthecentralGovernmentandthegovernoratesisalsorecommended.130.b..bTheStatepartyisencouragedtopursuelegislativereformsandtoadoptmeasurestranslatingintopracticethegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention,inparticulartheprincipleofnondiscriminationagainstchildrenbornoutofwedlock,theprincipleofthebestinterestsofthechildandtherightofthechildtoexpresshisorherviewsfreely.131.b..bTheCommitteerecommendstotheStatepartytogivefurtherthoughttopossibleratificationofILOConventionNo.138ontheminimumageforadmissiontoemployment.Campaignstoprevententryofadolescentsintothelabourforce,includingintheinformalsectorandagriculture,shouldbereinforced.Inthisregard,theCommitteewouldliketoencouragetheStatepartytoconsiderseekingtechnicalassistancefromtheInternationalLabourOrganization.̇132.b..bRegardingtherightsoftherefugeeandasylum-seekingchild,theCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyconsiderasapreventivemeasureadoptingrelevantlegislativeprovisions,inconsultationwiththeUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees.133.b..bAsfarasprotectionfromilltreatmentisconcerned,theCommitteerecommendsthatthesocialpreventiveapproachbestrengthenedandthatfurthermeasuresbeundertakentoeducateparentsabouttheirresponsibilitiestowardstheirchildren,includingthroughtheprovisionoffamilyeducationwhichshouldemphasizetheequalresponsibilitiesofbothparentsandcontributetothepreventionoftheuseofcorporalpunishment.134.b..bTheCommitteewelcomestheinvitationaddressedbythedelegationtotheCommitteetovisitTunisia.TheCommitteealsorecommendsthattheinitialreport,thesummaryrecordsofthediscussionbetweenthedelegationandtheCommitteeandthepresentconcludingobservationsbewidelydisseminatedinordertodeepenthedebateontherightsofthechildinTunisia.TheCommitteewouldliketosuggestthatthesedocumentsbebroughttotheattentionoftheParliamentandthatthesuggestionsandrecommendationsforactioncontainedthereinbefollowedup.@.. 5.Concludingobservations:SriLanka135.b..bTheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofSriLanka(CRC/C/8/Add.13)atits228thto230thmeetings(CRC/C/SR.228230),heldon5and6June1995andadopted*thefollowingconcludingobservations:A.b..bIntroduction136.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithsatisfactionthesubmissionoftheinitialreportofSriLankaandthewrittenanswerstoitslistofissues.TheCommitteeisencouragedbythefrankandcooperativetoneofthedialogue,inwhichthedelegationoftheStatepartyindicatednotonlytheprogressachievedwithregardtotheimplementationoftheprovisionsoftheConvention,butalsothedifficultiesencounteredduringimplementation.TheCommitteetakesnoteofthestatementmadebythedelegationthatitwasunfortunatelynotpossibleforalargerdelegationtobepresentduringthedialogue,ashadinitiallybeentheintentionoftheGovernment.B.b..bPositiveaspects137.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithappreciationtheestablishmentin1993ofaNationalCommitteefortheMonitoringoftheRightsoftheChildundertheMinistryofHealth,HighwaysandSocialService.Italsowelcomesthelaunchingin1991oftheActionPlanforChildreninSriLankatobeimplementedduringtheperiod19921996.TheCommitteeisencouragedtonotetheexistenceofadialoguebetweentheStatepartyandnongovernmentalorganizations,particularlytheNGOForum.138.b..bWithrespecttolegislativereform,theCommitteewelcomestheStateparty'sconsiderationofthepossibilityofamendinglawsrelatingtochildabuse,childlabourandjuvenilejustice,toensuretheircompatibilitywiththeprovisionsoftheConvention.̇139.b..bTheCommitteealsonotesthewillingnessofthedelegationofSriLankatoseekadviceandtechnicalassistancefromtheUnitedNationsbodiesandspecializedagenciesandfromnationalandinternationalnongovernmentalinstitutionsinthefieldsofchildabuse,childlabourandjuvenilejustice.C.b..bFactorsanddifficultiesimpedingtheimplementationoftheConvention140.b..bTheCommitteetakesnoteofthedifficulteconomicandsocialsituationofSriLanka,particularlyduetotheadverseeffectsofstructuraladjustmentmeasuresandtheongoingcivilarmedconflictintheNorthandEastregionsofthecountrywhichdrainsnationalresources.Eightofthe25provincesofthecountryareaffectedbytheconflictwhichduringthelast12yearshastakenthelivesof30,000peopleandcurrentlyhasanimpactonoverhalfamillionchildren.D.b..bPrincipalsubjectsofconcern141.b..bTheCommitteeregretsthattheGovernmentofSriLankahasnottakendueconsiderationoftheprovisionsofarticle4oftheConvention.Itregretsthatonlyasmallpartofthenationalbudgetisdedicatedtotheprotectionofthechildandnotesthehighproportionofmilitaryexpenditures.142.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithconcernthatneithertheConventionnortheCharteronChildren'sRightsisofbindingnaturewithinthenationallegalsystem.TheCommitteeisconcernedbythefactthatthegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention,including,inparticular,article2(principleofnon-discrimination),article3(principleofthebestinterestsofthechild)andarticle12(respectfortheviewsofthechild)arenotreflectedinthenationallegislation.143.b..bThelackofefficientandintegratedmechanismstomonitorthesituationofchildrenisamatterofconcern,particularlysincetheconstitutionalchangegaveincreasingpoliticalpowertotheprovinces.TheCommitteenotesinthisregardalackofreliablequantitativeandqualitativedata,ashortageofmeanstoimplementprogrammes,andalackofindicatorsandmechanismstoevaluatetheprogressandimpactofpoliciesadopted.144.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedbytheabsenceofcoordinationwithinthegovernmentaldepartmentsandministries,aswellasbetweencentralandregionalauthorities.Thisaffectsnegativelytheimplementationofglobalpoliciestopromoteandprotecttherightsofthechild.145.b..bTheCommitteeisworriedabouttheexistenceofdisparitiesconcerningthethreedifferentlaws(SriLankan,KandyanandMuslim)regulatingtheminimumageformarriage.Theselegislationsestablishdifferentminimumagesformarriagebetweenboysandgirlsandauthorizethemarriagesofgirlsasyoungas12yearsofagewhohaveobtainedparentalconsentfromtheparents.Suchsituationsmayraisethequestionofcompatibilitywiththeprinciplesofnondiscriminationandthebestinterestsofthechild(arts.2and3).̇146.b..bTheCommitteeremainsconcernedabouttheapparentpersistenceofdiscriminatoryattitudesdirectedtowardsgirls,childrenbornoutofwedlock,childrenfrompoorerincomegroups,ruralchildren,childrefugeesordisplacedchildren,workingchildren,childrenaffectedbyarmedconflictsandchildrenofoverseasworkers.147.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsconcernregardingtheimplementationofarticle12oftheConvention.Theviewsofthechildarenotsufficientlytakenintoaccount,especiallywithinthefamily,theschoolandthejuvenilejusticesystem.148.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedaboutthecontinuingdifficultiesencounteredinensuringbirthregistration,particularlyofchildrenbornoutofwedlock.Theregistrationisnecessaryforallchildrensothattheycanfullyenjoytheirfundamentalrightsandfreedoms.149.b..bWithrespecttochildabuse,includingsexualabuse,theCommitteeisseriouslyalarmedbytheprevalenceofthistypeofabuse.TheCommitteeisworriedaboutthefactthatnospecificrehabilitationmeasuresexistforabusedchildrenandthattheyaretreatedlikedelinquents.CorporalpunishmentalsopersistsinSriLankansocietyandisacceptedinschools.150.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedaboutthesituationofchildrenwhosemothersareworkingabroad,especiallyinGulfcountries,leavingtheirchildrenbehind.Thosechildren(between200,000and300,000)oftenliveindifficultcircumstancesandmaybesubjectedtodifferenttypesofabuseorexploitation.151.b..bTheCommitteenotesthattheSriLankanauthoritieshaveenactednewlegislationoninternationaladoptionwhichensuressafeguardsagainstthesaleandtraffickingofchildren.TheCommitteeremainsworriedaboutthefactthatthesamemeasureshavenotbeentakentoregulatenationaladoptions. .. 152.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsdeepconcernaboutthehighlevelofmalnutritionamongchildren.Itisestimatedthat23percentofinfantsarebornwithlowbirthweight.153.b..bTheCommitteeisalsodeeplyconcernedaboutthesurprisinglyhighrateofsuicideamongyoungsters.154.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedabouttheinadequatemeasurestakentoimprovetheaccessofdisplacedandrefugeechildrentoeducationandhealthservices.155.b..bTheCommitteeisworriedaboutthehighratesofschooldropout,thediscrepanciesineducationfacilities,especiallyinruralareas,andtheinsufficiencyofpreschoolestablishmentswhichareusuallymanagedbynon-governmentalinstitutionsandarenotunderStateresponsibility.156.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsconcernaboutimplementationoftheprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConventioninrelationtotheadministrationofjuvenilejustice.Itisdeeplyconcernedbythelowageofcriminalresponsibility(8yearsold)andthestatusofchildrenbetween16and18yearsoldwhoareconsideredbypenallawasadults.Thosechildrenareexaminedbyadultcourts.157.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsgraveconcernaboutthesubstantialnumberofchildrenworkingasdomesticservantsandwhoareoftensubjectedtosexualabuse.Itisalsodeeplyworriedabouttheincreasingnumberofchildrenexploitedsexually,especiallyyoungboysforcedintoprostitution,bothlocallyandininternationalsextourism.158.b..bTheCommitteeisseriouslypreoccupiedbythelargenumberofchildrenaffectedbythearmedconflictandespeciallythosewhohavebeendisplacedandthosewhohavebecomeorphansasaresultofthewar.TheCommitteeisalsoworriedaboutthehazardousprovisionofhealthservicesinareasaffectedbythearmedconflict.TheCommitteenoteswithregretthattheinitialreportofSriLankadidnotgivecomprehensiveinformationontheeffectofarmedconflictonchildren,theirinvolvementinthearmedforcesandthewaytheauthoritieshandlechildsoldiersprisonersofwar.E.b..bSuggestionsandrecommendations159.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyharmonizeitsnationallegislationwiththeprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConvention.Principlesrelatingtothebestinterestsofthechildandtheprohibitionofdiscriminationinrelationtochildrenshouldbereflectedindomesticlaw,anditshouldbepossibletoinvokethembeforethecourts.160.b..bTheCommitteeisawarethattheStatepartyisintheprocessofreviewingitslegislationrelatingtochildabuse,childlabourandjuvenilejusticeand,inthatregard,drawstheattentionoftheStatepartytotheactivitiesdevelopedbytheprogrammeofadvisoryservicesandtechnicalassistanceoftheUnitedNationsCentreforHumanRights.161.b..bTheCommitteewelcomestheadoptionofanationalCharteronChildren'sRightsbutrecommendsthatitbegiventhestatusoflawanditsprovisions,wherenecessary,raisedtothestandardsoftheConvention.162.b..bTheCommitteestronglyrecommendsthatconsiderationshouldbegiventoraisingandstandardizingtheageforcontractingmarriageinallcommunities,toraisingtheageforengaginginlabourandforpenalresponsibilityandtoeliminatediscriminationtowardschildrenbornoutofwedlock.163.b..bMeasuresshouldbetakentostrengthentheChildrenSecretariatandtheNationalCommitteefortheMonitoringoftheRightsoftheChild.TheCommitteerecommendsthatanindependentmonitoringmechanismbeimplemented.Inthisregard,theestablishmentofanombudspersonwouldbewelcomed.Coordinationmechanismsshouldalsobestrengthenedbetweenallauthoritiesinvolvedinhumanrightsandchildren'srights,especiallywiththeMinistryofWomanAffairs,atbothnationalandlocallevels.TheCommitteesuggeststhatmeasuresbetakentoimprovethesystemforcollectingstatistics,accurateindicatorsandotherdataaboutthestatusofchildren.164.b..bTheCommitteeencouragestheGovernmentofSriLankatopayparticularattentiontothefullimplementationofarticle4oftheConventionandtoensureajudiciousdistributionoftheresourcesatcentral,regionalandlocallevels.Budgetallocationsfortheimplementationofeconomic,socialandculturalrights,particularlyprobationandcareservices,shouldbeensuredtothemaximumextentofavailableresourcesandinthelightofthebestinterestofthechild.165.b..bWithrespecttotheimplementationofarticles12,13and15oftheConvention,theCommitteerecommendsthatconsiderationbegivenbytheStatepartytofacilitatechildren'sparticipationandtherespectoftheirviewsindecisionsaffectingthem,especiallyinthefamily,atschoolandincourts.166.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartytakemeasurestocombatviolenceandabuseofchildren,includingsexualabuseandcorporalpunishment.Duringtheprocessofreviewingitslawonchildabuse,theStatepartyshouldcarefullytakeintoaccountalltheprovisionsguaranteedbyarticle19oftheConvention.Itfurthersuggeststhatprofessionalgroups,includingteachers,lawenforcementpersonnel,socialworkersandthemilitary,betrainedwithrespecttotheprovisionsontheConvention.Internationaltechnicalassistancecouldberequestedbytheauthoritiesinrelationtothismatter.167.b..bToavoidtheabandonmentofchildrenbymothersworkingabroad,theCommitteesuggestthattheStatepartyengageindialoguewithreceivingcountriestoensureaninternationalagreementthatpermitsmigrantworkerstotaketheirchildrenabroad.RatificationoftheInternationalConventionontheRightsofAllMigrantWorkersandMembersofTheirFamiliesshouldbeconsidered.168.b..bTocombatinstitutionalizationandabandonmentofchildrenbornoutofwedlock,theCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyestablishesanadequatealternativefamilycaresystemthatrespondstothenationalcultureandcustoms.TheCommitteealsoencouragestheauthoritiestogivefullsupporttomothersofchildrenbornoutofwedlockwishingtokeeptheirchild.169.b..bWithregardtonationaladoption,theCommitteestressestheneedtoraisethestandardstothoseexistingforinternationaladoption.TheCommitteewelcomesthefactthatSriLankawasoneofthefirstStatestoratifytheHagueConventiononProtectionofChildrenandCooperationinrespectofIntercountryAdoptionof1993.170.b..bTheCommitteesuggeststhatrehabilitationmeasuresbetakenforabusedchildrenandthattheGovernmentprohibitsthepublicationbythemediaofthenamesofthevictims.171.b..bToimprovetheunderstandingandthepreventionofsuicide,theCommitteeencouragestheauthoritiestolaunchastudyandasurveyconcerningthisphenomenon.172.b..bInviewofthegeneralproblemofdisplacedandrefugeechildren,theCommitteerecommendsthatallappropriatemeasuresbetakentoensurethatthosevulnerablegroupshaveaccesstobasicservices,particularlyinthefieldsofeducation,healthandsocialrehabilitation.173.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheMinistryofEducationshouldtakeunderitsresponsibilitytheestablishmentandmanagementofpreschoolfacilities.174.b..bWithregardtotheadministrationofjuvenilejustice,itissuggestedthatnecessarymeasuresbetakenbytheStatepartytoimplementfullytheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.TheCommitteerecommendsthatthelawreformtobeundertakeninthisfieldadequatelyreflecttheprovisionsoftheConventionaswellasotherrelevantinternationalstandards,suchastheBeijingRules,theRiyadhGuidelinesandtheUnitedNationsRulesfortheProtectionofJuvenilesDeprivedoftheirLiberty.Itissuggestedthatdueattentionbepaidtothebestinterestofthechild,tohisorherrighttobeheard,andthatdeprivationoflibertybeconsideredasameasureoflastresortandfortheminimumperiodpossible.Inthisregard,theCommitteerecommendsthatthecriminalageshouldberaisedandthatpersonsagedbetween16and18beconsideredaschildren.175.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatthelawreformonchildlabourraisestheminimumageofaccesstolabourto15yearsoldandthecompulsoryeducationagetothesamelimit.TheCommitteesuggeststhatamonitoringandinspectionmechanismbeestablishedtofacilitateaneffectiveimplementationofthenewlaw.TheStatepartyshouldgivedueattentiontodomesticchildworkersandencourage,throughthepromotionandimplementationoftheConvention,achangeofmentalityandattitudes.TheCommitteewouldliketosuggestthattheGovernmentofSriLankaconsiderrequestingtechnicalassistancefromILOintheperspectiveofthelegislativereformandsuggeststhattheStatepartyenvisageratifyingILOConventionNo.138.176.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsdeepconcernaboutthedevelopmentofsexualexploitationofchildren,especiallyofboys,throughsextourism.TheCommitteesuggeststhattheauthoritiesengageapreventioncampaignontheHIVvirusandstrengthenitsprocedurestosupervisetouristareaswheretheproblemprevails.b..b ..  .. ..>..>u..u......177.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatinthelightofarticle44,paragraph6,oftheConvention,thereportsubmittedbytheGovernmentbemadewidelyavailabletothepublicatlargeandthatthepublicationofthereportbeconsidered,alongwiththerelevantsummaryrecordsandtheconcludingobservationsadoptedthereonbytheCommittee.178.b..bWithregardtothetraumaticimpactonchildrenofthecivilarmedconflictinSriLanka,theCommitteerecommendsthat,inthelightofarticle44,paragraph4,oftheConvention,additionalinformationbesubmittedtotheCommitteewithintwoyearsabouttheeffectsofthearmedconflictonchildren,theirparticipationincombatandthewayauthoritieshandlechildsoldiersprisonersofwar.@.. IV.OVERVIEWOFTHEOTHERACTIVITIESOFTHECOMMITTEE  A.  PreparatoryprocessoftheFourthWorldConferenceonWomen:  ActionforEquality,DevelopmentandPeace179.b..bMrs.BadraninformedtheCommitteeaboutthepreparatorymeetingtheConferenceheldinNewYorkinMarch1995.SheparticularlyemphasizedthefactthatthedraftPlatformofActionhadincorporatedaseparatechapteronthegirlchild,whilereflectingthroughoutthedocumentaconstantreferencetothesituationandfundamentalrightsofgirls.Althoughsomedisagreementstillprevailedonsomesensitiveissues,thedraftclearlyreflectedtheimportanceofadoptingmeasurestopromoteandprotecttherightsofgirls,whichinturnwouldundoubtedlycontributetostrengtheningtherealizationofwomen'srights.180.b..bTheCommitteerecalleditspreviousdecisiontoparticipateinandcontributetotheFourthWorldConferenceonWomen,scheduledtotakeplaceinBeijinginSeptember1995.ItexpresseditsfirmdecisiontoberepresentedbyadelegationallowingittoparticipateinaneffectiveandmeaningfulmannerinthedifferenteventsscheduledtotakeplaceduringtheConference.ItnotedinthisregardthatitwouldbenecessarytofollowcloselythedraftingprocessofthePlatformforActionwithaviewtoensuringthefullrecognitionoftherightsofgirls,aswellastheinclusionoftheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildasanessentialmechanismwithintheframeworkoftheinternationalmachineryentrustedwiththetaskofmonitoringandperiodicallyreviewingtheimplementationofthePlatformforAction.  B.  MeetingwiththeUnitedNationsexpertonthe  impactofarmedconflictonchildren181.b..bInthespiritofcooperationwhichhadinspiredthepreviousmeetingheldduringitsseventhsession,theCommitteepursueditsdialoguewithMrs.Machelonthestudysheisundertakingontheimpactofarmedconflictonchildren.182.b..bTheHighCommissionerforHumanRightsparticipatedinthisimportantexchangeofviews,andstressedhisfirmbeliefintheneedtoassignaclearprioritytothepromotionandprotectionofchildren'srights,aswellastothestrengtheningofactionsofpreventivediplomacy.183.b..bMrs.MachelinformedtheCommitteeaboutrecentdevelopmentshavingtakenplacewithintheframeworkofthestudy,inparticularherfieldvisittoRwanda,theAfricanRegionalConsultationheldinAddisAbabaandthefirstmeetingofEminentPersons.Sheemphasizedtheimportanceofenvisagingthestudyasaprocessdesignedtocreatewiderawarenessofthefundamentalvalueoftherightsofthechild,aswellasatooltoencouragetheadoptionbytheinternationalcommunity,Governmentsandthecivilsocietyasawhole,ofactivemeasurestoprotectchildrenandseethemasaclearzoneofpeace.184.b..bRecallingthetermsofreferencearisingfromhermandate,asdefinedbyGeneralAssemblyresolution48/157,shestressedtheessentialroleplayedbytheConventionandthethematicdebateheldbytheCommitteeinthisfield.ShefurtherreaffirmedherwillingnessandopennesstocontinuetocloselycooperatewiththeCommitteeandtobenefitfromitssuggestions.185.b..bTheCommitteewelcomedthisopportunityofexchangingviewswithMrs.Machelandexpresseditswillingnesstocontinuetocloselycooperatewithher.@.. C.MeetingwiththeSpecialRapporteuronRwanda186.b..bTheCommitteewelcomedtheopportunitytoholdameetingwiththeSpecialRapporteurappointedbytheCommissiononHumanRightstofollowthesituationofhumanrightsinRwanda.187.b..bTheSpecialRapporteurinformedtheCommitteeabouttherecentdevelopmentshavingoccurredinthatcountryandhisdeepconcernaboutthedramaticsituationfacedbychildren.HeemphasizedhisrecentdecisiontoestablishaspecialmechanisminRwandatocloselyassessandmonitorthewaychildren'srightsandwomen'srightsarepromotedandprotected.Inhisopinion,suchamechanismwouldcontributetogatheringinformationonasystematicbasisandtocreatingwiderawarenessofthetragicrealityexperiencedasaresultofthepersistingethnicconflict.188.b..bTheSpecialRapporteurwelcomedthesuggestionmadebytheCommitteetoincludeinhisfuturereportsaseparatechapterontherightsofthechild,aswellastotaketheConventionintoconsiderationintheframeworkofhismandate.189.b..bInthisrespect,andinthelightoftheconcernvoicedbytheCommittee,hefurtherexpressedhisreadinesstoaddressthequestionoftheinstrumentalizationandvictimizationofchildrenbytheconflict,includingintheareaofjuvenilejustice.Hebelievedthatinthisparticularfield,furtherattentionshouldbepaidtothesituationofchildrenwhoeitherhadbeenthetargetofactsofgenocideorhadbeenaccusedofcommittingsuchacts.ItwasstressedthatalargenumberofchildrenwereatpresentdeprivedoftheirlibertywhileawaitingtrialandthatseriousconsiderationshouldbegiventotheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,towhichRwandawasaparty,withspecialattentiontotheimplementationofarticles37,39and40.190.b..bRecallingitsdecisiontoholdathematicdebateintheareaofjuvenilejusticeatitsnextsession,theCommitteeinvitedtheSpecialRapporteurtoconsiderparticipatinginthatdiscussionandsharingwiththeCommitteehisexperienceandpossiblerecommendations.191.b..bTheCommitteethankedtheSpecialRapporteurforhisopennesstothesuggestionsmadebytheCommitteeintheframeworkofhismandateandexpresseditswillingnesstocontinuetocloselycooperatewithhiminthefuture.̇  D.  MeetingwiththeSpecialRapporteuronthesaleofchildren,  childprostitutionandchildpornography192.b..bTheCommitteewelcomedtheopportunitytomeetMrs.OfeliaCalcetasSantos,recentlyappointedasSpecialRapporteuroftheCommissiononHumanRights.193.b..bTheexchangeofviewsprovidedameaningfulopportunitytoreaffirmtheimportanceofensuringclosecooperationbetweentheCommitteeandtheSpecialRapporteurintheareasofsale,prostitutionandpornographywhichcanbearsuchanegativeimpactonthelivesandrightsofchildren.194.b..bItwasrecognizedthatsuchcooperationcoulddecisivelycontributetodevelopinganessentialnetworkofinformationaswellastoencouragingresearchinthefieldscoveredbythemandateoftheSpecialRapporteur,whichwouldinturnundoubtedlystrengthenthelevelofprotectionofchildren'srights.195.b..bTheSpecialRapporteuremphasizedtheimportancesheattachedtothetermsofreferenceofhermandate,particularlyinrelationtothedefinitionoftheareasofherfutureaction.Recallingtheapproachfollowedbyherpredecessor,shestressedthatitwasherintentiontoputdueemphasisonthevalueofprevention,andinparticularontheroleplayedbyeducationandthemedia.Shealsobelieveditwouldbeimportanttoencouragetheadoptionoffurtherstepstocombatimpunity,stilloftenprevailinginsituationswherechildrenarevictimsofsale,prostitutionorpornography.196.b..bTheCommitteethankedtheSpecialRapporteurforheropennessduringthisfirstdialogueandexpresseditswillingnesstoholdfuturemeetingswithaviewtoexchangeviewsonsuchimportantareasofacommonconcern.@..xE.CooperationwithUnitedNationsandothercompetentbodies197.b..bRecallingtheimportanceitattachestointernationalcooperationwithaviewtofosteringtherealizationoftherightsofthechild,theCommitteehaddecidedatitseighthsessiontoholdduringthepresentsessionameetingwithUnitedNationsbodiesandspecializedagencies,aswellasothercompetentbodies.Asatprevioussessions,theexchangeofviewswasdesignedtoevaluateprogressandconsiderfurtherwaysofstrengtheningthedialogueandinteractionwiththedifferentpartnersintheimplementationoftheConvention,namelyinthelightofitsarticle45.AttherequestoftheCommittee,theSecretariathadpreparedanotereflectingthemainissuesraisedandproposalsmadeduringthepreviousdiscussion.198.b..bRepresentativesfromILO,UNICEF,WHO,UNHCR,UNESCOandtheCentreforHumanRights(AdvisoryServices,TechnicalAssistanceandInformationBranch),aswellasINTERPOLandnongovernmentalorganizations,participatedinthediscussion.199.b..bForthisimportantexchangeofviews,aworkingdocumenthadbeenpreparedbyMr.HammarbergongoalsandstrategiesfortheworkoftheCommitteeforthenextfouryearsofitsactivities.InthelightoftheViennaDeclarationandProgrammeofActionadoptedattheWorldConferenceonHumanRights,thedocumentidentifiedsixessentialgoals:universalratificationoftheConventionby1995,withdrawalofreservationsmadebyStatespartiesuponratification,submissionoftimelyandconstructivereports,effectiveinternationalmonitoring,supporttothenationalprocessandinternationalcooperation.200.b..bTheCommittee,recallingitspreviousconsiderationoftheseareasaswellasitsearlierdeliberations,emphasizedtheimportantfieldofinternationalcooperation,inparticularasaddressedbyarticles4and45oftheConvention.Itrecalledtheattentionpaidbythislegalinstrumenttothebuildingupofaspiritofsolidarity,whichshouldbereflectedandtakenintoaccountincludingintheactivitiesoftheinternationalfinancialanddevelopmentinstitutionsaswellasintheactiondevelopedbydonorcountries.201.b..bItwasfeltthattheconcludingobservationsadoptedbytheCommitteefollowingtheconsiderationoftheStatespartiesreportsshouldbeseenasamajorreferencewithintheframeworkofbilateralandmultilateralnegotiations,andplayadecisiveroleintheshapingofnewprogrammesatthecountrylevelforthepromotionandprotectionoftherightsofthechild.202.b..bMoreover,theCommitteestressedtheessentialimportanceofthenationalprocessofimplementation,recognizingitscrucialroletoencouragetheratificationoftheConvention,tocreateawarenessandunderstandingofitsprinciplesandprovisions,toensureacomprehensivelawreform,toestablishmechanismsofcoordinationandmonitoringonthebasisofacomprehensivesystemofdatacollection.ThenationalprocesswasalsoclearlyofdecisiverelevanceinthepreparationofthecountryreportontheimplementationoftheConventionandtoensureaneffectivefollowuptotheconcludingobservationsadoptedbytheCommitteeoncethereportwouldhavebeenexamined.Inthisregard,referencewasmadetotheWorldConferenceonHumanRightsandtotheemphasisputinitsFinalDocumentonthe"comprehensivenationalapproachtakenbytheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild".TheencouragementtofollowthisapproachclearlyconfirmedtheimportanceofintegratingtheConventionontheRightsoftheChildintonationalactionplans,andtopavethewayforaholisticapproachtotherightsofthechildandfortheconsiderationofmultidisciplinaryactioninfavourofchildren.203.b..bTherepresentativeofILOinformedtheCommitteethattheconcludingobservationsadoptedfollowingtheexaminationofeachStatepartyreportwerenowsystematicallysenttotheILOrepresentativesinthecountryconcernedandusedinthediscussionsheldwithGovernments,tradeunionsandemployers'organizations.TherecommendationsadoptedbytheCommitteewouldthusbereflectedinthenationalprogrammesofactionand,wheneverappropriate,pavethewayforaspecificprogramme.ILOwouldkeeptheCommitteeinformedofsuchdevelopmentsonaregularbasiswithaviewtoallowingforaperiodicevaluationoftheimpactofinternationalcooperationandtechnicalassistanceprogrammesinthefieldoftherightsofthechild,particularlyatthenationallevel.204.b..bTherepresentativeexpressedthewillingnessoftheILOtocooperatewiththeCommitteeintheinterpretationoftheprovisionsoftheConventionrelevanttoitsmandate,aswellastoassistintheconsiderationofthereservationsmadeuponratification,namelyinthecontextofarticle32.205.b..bHefurtherinformedtheCommitteethattheGoverningBodyoftheorganizationwasconsideringthepossibilityofholdingageneraldiscussiononchildlabourduringthe1998GeneralConference,towhichtheCommitteewouldbeinvited.206.b..bTherepresentativeofWHO(GlobalProgrammeonAIDS)providedinformationabouttherecentmeasurestakeninrelationtotheprogrammeonAIDS,includingthefuturejointUNAIDSprogrammewhichwouldsoonstart.Hefurtheremphasizedtheimportancegivenbytheorganizationtodisseminatinginformationaboutchildren'srightsandactivelyinteractingwithhumanrightsorganizationsandmechanismsatthenationallevel.207.b..bArepresentativeoftheAdvisoryServices,TechnicalAssistanceandInformationBranchoftheCentreforHumanRightsinformedtheCommitteeaboutitsprogrammeofadvisoryservicesandtechnicalassistance.HeemphasizedthefactthatthisprogrammewasnotintendedtoreplacethemonitoringsystemofhumanrightsinacountryandthatitsaimwastoenvisageaprocessofpartnershipwiththeGovernmentandthecivilsociety,combiningassistancewithaccountability.HeinformedtheCommitteethatameetingontechnicalassistanceandfollowuptotherecommendationsmadebytreatybodieswouldsoontakeplaceintheCentreforHumanRightsandthattheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildwasexpectedtoparticipateinit.208.b..bRecallingthedifferentareasofactivityoftheBranch,hewelcomedtheprioritycurrentlygiventothepublicationoftrainingmanualsforspecificprofessionalgroups.Heannouncedinthisregardthatfuturemanualswouldaddresstheareasofjuvenilejusticeandlawenforcementofficials.209.b..bTherepresentativeofINTERPOLrecalledthepriorityattachedbyherorganizationtotherightsofthechild,asreflectedinthepreviousmeetingsheldbetweentheCommitteeandtheStandingWorkingPartyonOffencesagainstMinors.TheStandingWorkingPartyhadsincebeenentrustedwiththetaskofcoordinatingactionbothwiththedifferentmembercountriesandtheUnitedNations.Forthatpurpose,anetworkofliaisonofficershadbeenestablishedin62States,mostofwhichhadalreadybeenprovidedwithspecialtraininginthefieldofchildexploitation.InrelationtotheUnitedNations,closecooperationhadbeenensuredwiththeCrimePreventionandCriminalJusticeBranchandwiththeCentreforHumanRights,inparticularintheareaoftrainingoflawenforcementpersonnel.210.b..bTheCoordinatoroftheNGOGroupontheConventionontheRightsoftheChildstressedthatthereportingprocessundertheConventionwaspavingthewayforclosercooperationbetweenGovernmentsandnongovernmentalorganizations.Recallingtheimportanceplayedbytheestablishmentofnationalandregionalcoalitions,shewelcomedthefactthattheconcludingobservationsoftheCommitteementionedtheroleofnongovernmentalorganizationsintheimplementationoftherecommendationsaddressedtoStatesparties.ShereiteratedthewillingnessoftheNGOGrouptocontinuetocooperatewiththeUnitedNationsbodies,includingtheCentreforHumanRights,intrainingandassistanceactivitiesdevelopedwithaviewtoimplementingtheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.211.b..bTheCommitteewelcomedthisfruitfulexchangeofviewsandthedifferentproposalsmadetoimprovethesystemofinternationalcooperationinthefieldscoveredbytheConvention.ItrecalledtheimportanceofsuchadialoguebothfortheconsiderationandimplementationoftechnicalassistanceprogrammesandtheorganizationofthematicdiscussionsontherightsrecognizedbytheConvention.212.b..bForthesereasons,itdecidedtoinstitutionalizethesemeetingsonatleastanannualbasis,thusallowingforaperiodicevaluationofprogressachievedanddifficultiesencountered.ItreiterateditsrecommendationthatafocalpointontheConventionbeestablishedwithineachUnitedNationsbodyorspecializedagencytoenhancetheexistingcoordination.ItwelcomedthedecisiontakenbysomeUnitedNationsbodiestosendtheirregionalornationalrepresentativestofollowthepreparationand/orthediscussionofthereportofthecountryconcerned.SuchameasurewouldundoubtedlyensuretheiractiveinvolvementintheimplementationoftherecommendationsadoptedbytheCommittee.213.b..bInrelationtotheprogrammeofadvisoryservicesandtechnicalassistance,theCommitteerecognizedtheimportanceofensuringaclosercooperationwiththeAdvisoryServices,TechnicalAssistanceandInformationBranch.Withaviewtoensuringaneffectivecomplementarity,itrequestedthatrelevantinformationbesystematicallysharedonthecountrieswhosereportswouldbeexamined,thusallowingfortheevaluationofexistingactivitiesatthenationallevelortheconsiderationofpossibleareasoffuturetechnicalcooperation.Inthisregard,theCommitteestressedtheimportanceofbenefiting,wheneverpossible,fromthepresenceofarepresentativeoftheBranchinthemeetingsofitspresessionalworkinggroup.@.. F.Futuredayofgeneraldiscussion214.b..bTheCommitteedecidedatitsseventhsessiontodevoteafuturegeneraldiscussiontothequestionoftheadministrationofjuvenilejustice.ItwasinfactrecognizedthattheexperiencealreadygainedintheexaminationofStatespartiesreports,aswellastheconclusionsarisingfromthemeetingofexpertsontheapplicationofinternationalstandardsconcerningthehumanrightsofdetainedjuveniles,wouldpavethewayforanenlighteningdebateonsuchacrucialreality.Itwouldfurtherraiseawiderawarenessofthesituationofchildreninvolvedwiththesystemoftheadministrationofjuvenilejusticeandencouragetheadoptionoffurthermeasurestoensuretheeffectiveimplementationofexistinginternationalstandardsinthisfield.215.b..bTopreparethisthematicdiscussion,theCommitteeestablishedaworkinggroupamongitsmembers(Mrs.JudithKarp,MissSandraMasonandMrs.MartaSantosPais)withaviewtopreparinganoutlineidentifyingthemainissuestoberaisedduringthedebate.Thetextoftheoutline(annexVIIItothepresentreport)emphasizestherelevanceofthegeneralprinciplesoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChildandidentifiesasthetwobasicareasofconcerntheimplementationofexistingstandardsandthevalueoftechnicalassistanceprogrammes.216.b..bTakingintoaccountitsexperienceintheorganizationofpreviousthematicdiscussionsandrecallingthespiritofarticle45oftheConvention,theCommitteedecidedtosendthepreparedoutlinetotheUnitedNationsorgans,specializedagenciesandothercompetentbodies,includingnon-governmentalorganizationsandresearchandacademicinstitutions,invitingthemtocontributetothediscussionandprovideexpertadvicewithintheirrespectivefieldsofspecialization.@.. V.DRAFTPROVISIONALAGENDAFORTHETENTHSESSION217.b..bThefollowingisthedraftprovisionalagendaforthetenthsessionoftheCommittee:b..b1.0 .. Adoptionoftheagenda.b..b2.0 .. Organizationalandothermatters.b..b3.0 .. SubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesinaccordancewitharticle44oftheConvention.b..b4.0 .. ConsiderationofreportsofStatesparties.b..b5.0 .. ReviewofdevelopmentsrelevanttotheworkoftheCommittee.b..b6.0 .. Generaldiscussionon"Theadministrationofjuvenilejustice".b..b7.0 .. CooperationwithotherUnitedNationsbodies,specializedagenciesandothercompetentbodies.b..b8.0 .. MethodsofworkoftheCommittee.b..b9.0 .. FuturemeetingsoftheCommittee.b..b10.0 .. Othermatters.@..NVI.ADOPTIONOFTHEREPORT218.b..bAtits233rdmeeting,heldon9June1995,theCommitteeconsideredthedraftreportonitsninthsession.ThereportwasadoptedunanimouslybytheCommittee.@..6AnnexI@.. STATESWHICHHAVERATIFIEDORACCEDEDTOTHECONVENTION@.. ONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILDASAT9JUNE1995(175)  PF+{+ 7K!#%S(*-[/1 4c68;k=?BPStates .. Dateofsignature..Dateofreceiptof7..7Dateofentryinto .. ..instrumentof7..7force .. ..ratification/accessiona/Afghanistan .. 27September1990..28March19947..727April1994Albania .. 26January1990..27February19927..728March1992Algeria .. 26January1990..16April19937..716May1993Angola .. 14February1990..5December19907..74January1991Antiguaand̀Barbuda .. 12March1991..5October19937..74November1993#..# .. ..Argentina .. 29June1990..4December19907..73January1991Armenia .. ..23June1993a/7..722July1993Australia .. 22August1990..17December19907..716January1991Austria .. 26January1990..6August19927..75September1992Azerbaijan .. ..13August1992a/7..712September1992#..##..# .. ..7..7Bahamas .. 30October1990..20February19917..722March1991Bahrain .. ..13February1992a/7..714March1992Bangladesh .. 26January1990..3August19907..72September1990#..#Barbados .. 19April1990..9October19907..78November1990Belarus .. 26January1990..1October19907..731October1990Belgium .. 26January1990..16December19917..715January1992Belize .. 2March1990..2May19907..72September1990#..#Benin .. 25April1990..3August19907..72September1990Bhutan .. 4June1990..1August19907..72September1990#..#Bolivia .. 8March1990..26June19907..72September1990#..#Bosniaand̀Herzegovina*..7..76March1992Botswana .. ..14March1995a/7..713April1995#..##..##..#Brazil .. 26January1990..24September19907..724October1990#..##..##..#Bulgaria .. 31May1990..3June19917..73July1991K!..K!BurkinaFaso .. 26January1990..31August19907..730September1990#..#Burundi .. 8May1990..19October19907..718November1990Cambodia .. 22September1992..15October19927..714November1992Cameroon .. 25September1990..11January19937..710February1993Canada .. 28May1990..13December19917..712January1992CapeVerde .. ..4June1992a/7..74July1992򀀀8.++b >uQ!8b..b*Succession.b..ba/Accession.  PF+{+ 7K!#%S(*-[/1 4c68;k=?BPStates .. Dateofsignature..Dateofreceiptof7..7Dateofentryinto .. ..instrumentof7..7force .. ..ratification/accessiona/Central̀AfricaǹRepublic .. 30July1990..23April19927..723May1992K!..K!#..#Chad .. 30September1990..2October19907..71November1990Chile .. 26January1990..13August19907..712September1990China .. 29August1990..2March19927..71April1992Colombia .. 26January1990..28January19917..727February1991Comoros .. 30September1990..22June19937..721July1993Congo .. ..14October1993a/7..713November1993CostaRica .. 26January1990..21August19907..720September1990C=ted'Ivoire .. 26January1990..4February19917..76March1991Croatia* .. ..7..78October1991Cuba .. 26January1990..21August19917..720September1991#..#Cyprus .. 5October1990..7February19917..79March1991CzechRepublic*..7..71January1993Democratic̀People's̀Republicof̀Korea .. 23August1990..21September19907..721October1990Denmark .. 26January1990..19July19917..718August1991Djibouti .. 30September1990..6December19907..75January1991#..#Dominica .. 26January1990..13March19917..712April1991DominicaǹRepublic .. 8August1990..11June19917..711July1991Ecuador .. 26January1990..23March19907..72September1990Egypt .. 5February1990..6July19907..72September1990ElSalvador .. 26January1990..10July19907..72September1990Equatorial̀Guinea .. ..15June1992a/7..715July1992Eritrea .. 20December1993..3August19947..72September1994Estonia .. ..21October1991a/7..720November1991Ethiopia .. ..14May1991a/7..713June1991Fiji .. 2July1993..13August19937..712September1993Finland .. 26January1990..20June19917..720July1991K!..K!France .. 26January1990..7August19907..76September1990Gabon .. 26January1990..9February19947..711March1994Gambia .. 5February1990..8August19907..77September1990Germany .. 26January1990..6March19927..75April1992Georgia .. ..2June1994a/7..72July1994Ghana .. 29January1990..5February19907..72September1990Greece .. 26January1990..11May19937..710June1993Grenada .. 21February1990..5November19907..75December1990States .. Dateofsignature..Dateofreceiptof7..7Dateofentryinto .. ..instrumentof7..7force .. ..ratification/accessiona/Guatemala .. 26January1990..6June19907..72September1990Guinea .. ..13July1990a/7..72September1990GuineàBissau .. 26January1990..20August19907..719September1990Guyana .. 30September1990..14January19917..713February1991Haiti .. 20January1990..8June19957..78July1995HolySee .. 20April1990..20April19907..72September1990Honduras .. 31May1990..10August19907..79September1990Hungary .. 14March1990..7October19917..76November1991Iceland .. 26January1990..28October19927..727November1992India .. ..11December1992a/7..711January1993Indonesia .. 26January1990..5September19907..75October1990Iran(Islamic̀Rep.of) .. 5September1991..13July19947..712August1994Iraq .. ..15June1994a/7..715July1994Ireland .. 30September1990..28September19927..728October1992Israel .. 3July1990..3October19917..72November1991#..##..##..#Italy .. 26January1990..5September19917..75October1991Jamaica .. 26January1990..14May19917..713June1991Japan .. 21September1990..22April19947..722May1994Jordan .. 29August1990..24May19917..723June1991Kazakhstan .. 16February1994..12August19947..711September1994Kenya .. 26January1990..30July19907..72September1990Kuwait .. 7June1990..21October19917..720November1991Kyrgyzstan .. ..7October19947..76November1994LaoPeople's̀Democratic̀Republic .. ..8May1991a/7..77June1991Latvia .. ..14April1992a/7..714May1992Lebanon .. 26January1990..14May19917..713June1991Lesotho .. 21August1990..10March19927..79April1992Liberia .. 26April1990..4June19937..74July1993LibyanArab̀Jamahiriya .. ..15April1993a/7..715May1993Lithuania .. ..31January1992a/7..71March1992Luxembourg .. 21March1990..7March19947..76April1994Madagascar .. 19April1990..19March19917..718April1991Malawi .. ..2January1991a/7..71February1991Malaysia .. ..17February1995a/7..719March1995Maldives .. 21August1990..11February19917..713March1991States .. Dateofsignature..Dateofreceiptof7..7Dateofentryinto .. ..instrumentof7..7force .. ..ratification/accessiona/ .. Mali .. 26January1990..20September19907..720October1990Malta .. 26January1990..30September19907..730October1990Marshall̀Islands .. 14April1993..4October19937..73November1993Mauritania .. 26January1990..16May19917..715June1991Mauritius .. ..26July1990a/7..72September1990Mexico .. 26January1990..21September19907..721October1990Micronesià(Fed.States̀of) .. ..5May1993a/7..74June1993K!..K!Monaco .. ..21June1993a/7..721July1993Mongolia .. 26January1990..5July19907..72September1990Morocco .. 26January1990..21June19937..721July1993Mozambique .. 30September1990..26April19947..726May1994Myanmar .. ..15July1991a/7..714August1991Namibia .. 26September1990..30September19907..730October1990Nauru .. ..27July1994a/7..726August1994Nepal .. 26January1990..14September19907..714October1990Netherlands .. 26January1990..6February19957..77March1995NewZealand .. 1October1990..6April19937..76May1993Nicaragua .. 6February1990..5October19907..74November1990Niger .. 26January1990..30September19907..730October1990Nigeria .. 26January1990..19April19917..719May1991Norway .. 26January1990..8January19917..77February1991Pakistan .. 20September1990..12November19907..712December1990Panama .. 26January1990..12December19907..711January1991PapuàNewGuinea .. 30September1990..1March19937..731March1993Paraguay .. 4April1990..25September19907..725October1990Peru .. 26January1990..4September19907..74October1990Philippines .. 26January1990..21August19907..720September1990Poland .. 26January1990..7June19917..77July1991Portugal .. 26January1990..21September19907..721October1990Qatar .. 8December1992..3April19957..73May1995Republicof̀Korea .. 25September1990..20November19917..720December1991Republicof̀Moldova .. ..26January1993a/7..725February1993Romania .. 26January1990..28September19907..728October1990RussiaǹFederation .. 26January1990..16August19907..715September1990Rwanda .. 26January1990..24January19917..723February1991   b States .. Dateofsignature..Dateofreceiptof7..7Dateofentryinto .. ..instrumentof7..7force .. ..ratification/accessiona/7..7SaintKitts̀andNevis .. 26January1990..24July19907..72September1990SaintLucia .. ..16June1993a/7..716July1993SaintVincent̀andthèGrenadines .. 20September1993..26October19937..725November1993Samoa .. 30September1990..29November19947..729December1994SanMarino .. ..25November1991a/7..725December1991SaoTomeand .. ..14May1991a/7..713June1991̀PrincipeSenegal .. 26January1990..31July19907..72September1990#..#Seychelles .. ..7September1990a/7..77October1990SierraLeone .. 13February1990..18June19907..72September1990Slovakia* .. ..7..71January1993Slovenia* .. ..7..725June1991SolomoǹIslands .. ..10April1995a/7..710May1995Spain .. 26January1990..6December19907..75January1991SriLanka .. 26January1990..12July19917..711August1991Sudan .. 24July1990..3August19907..72September1990Suriname .. 26January1990..1March19937..731March1993Sweden .. 26January1990..29June19907..72September1990SyrianArab̀Republic .. 18September1990..15July19937..714August1993#..#Tajikistan .. ..26October1993a/7..725November1993Thailand .. ..27March1992a/7..726April1992Theformer̀Yugoslav̀Republicof̀Macedonia* .. ..7..717September1991Togo .. 26January1990..1August19907..72September1990Trinidadand̀Tobago .. 30September1990..5December19917..74January1992#..#Tunisia .. 26February1990..30January19927..729February1992Turkey .. 14September1990..4April19957..74May1995Turkmenistan .. ..20September1993a/7..719October1993Uganda .. 17August1990..17August19907..716September1990Ukraine .. 21February1991..28August19917..727September1991UnitedKingdom̀ofGreat̀BritaiǹandNortherǹIreland .. 19April1990..16December19917..715January1992UnitedRep. .. 1June1990..10June19917..710July1991̀ofTanzaniaStates .. Dateofsignature..Dateofreceiptof7..7Dateofentryinto .. ..instrumentof7..7force .. ..ratification/accessiona/7..7Uruguay .. 26January1990..20November19907..720December1990Uzbekistan .. ..29June1994a/7..729July1994Vanuatu .. 30September1990..7July19937..76August1993Venezuela .. 26January1990..13September19907..713October1990VietNam .. 26January1990..28February19907..72September1990Yemen .. 13February1990..1May19917..731May1991Yugoslavia .. 26January1990..3January19917..72February1991Zaire .. 20March1990..27September19907..727October1990Zambia .. 30September1990..5December19917..75January1992Zimbabwe .. 8March1990..11September19907..711October19908.++b >uQ!8@..AnnexII@.. MEMBERSHIPOFTHECOMMITTEEONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILD@..MembershipNameofMember .. ..>..>u..u....CountryofnationalityMrs.HodaBADRAN*..>..>u..u....EgyptMrs.AkilaBELEMBAOGO**>..>u..u....BurkinaFasoMrs.FloraC.EUFEMIO*>..>u..u....PhilippinesMr.ThomasHAMMARBERG**>..>u..u....SwedenMrs.JudithKARP**..>..>u..u....IsraelMr.YouriKOLOSOV**..>..>u..u....RussianFederationMissSandraPrunellaMASON**u..u....BarbadosMr.SwithunTachionaMOMBESHORA *u..u....ZimbabweMrs.MartaSANTOSPAIS*>..>u..u....PortugalMrs.MariliaSARDENBERG*>..>u..u....Brazil򀀀̀*Termexpireson28February1997.̀**Termexpireson28February1999.HI    J + M  NO + R@%..cAnnexIIİ@%..STATUSOFSUBMISSIONOFREPORTSBYSTATESPARTIESUNDERARTICLE44OF@%..THECONVENTIONONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILDASAT9JUNE1995*TU d,} dd,Qdd,Qdd,dd,,dd+  &@x@&@%..Initialreportsduein1992 "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Bangladesh  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992     "@x"Barbados  Ѐ8November1990  Ѐ7November1992     "@x"Belarus  31October1990  30October1992  12February1993  CRC/C/3/Add.14 "@x"Belize  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992     "@x"Benin  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992     "@x"Bhutan  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992     "@x"Bolivia  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  14September1992  CRC/C/3/Add.2 "@x"Brazil  24October1990  23October1992     "@x"BurkinaFaso  30September1990  29September1992  Ѐ7July1993  CRC/C/3/Add.19 "@x"Burundi  18November1990  17November1992     "@x"Chad  Ѐ1November1990  31October1992     "@x"Chile  12September1990  11September1992  22June1993  CRC/C/3/Add.18 "@x"CostaRica  20September1990  20September1992  28October1992  CRC/C/3/Add.8 "x"DemocraticPeople'sπRepublicofKorea  21October1990  20October1992     "@x"Ecuador  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992    &@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1992(continued) "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Egypt  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  23October1992  CRC/C/3/Add.6 "x"ElSalvador  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  Ѐ3November1992  CRC/C/3/Add.9&Add.28 "@x"France  Ѐ6September1990  Ѐ5September1992  Ѐ8April1993  CRC/C/3/Add.15 "@x"Gambia  Ѐ7September1990  Ѐ6September1992     "@x"Ghana  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992     "@x"Grenada  Ѐ5December1990  Ѐ4December1992     "@x"Guatemala  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  5January1995  CRC/C/3/Add.33 "@x"Guinea  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992     "@x"GuineaBissau  19September1990  18September1992     "@x"HolySee  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  Ѐ2March1994  CRC/C/3/Add.27 "@x"Honduras  Ѐ9September1990  Ѐ8September1992  11May1993  CRC/C/3/Add.17 "x"Indonesia  Ѐ5October1990  Ѐ4October1992  17November1992  CRC/C/3/Add.10&CRC/C/3/Add.26 "@x"Kenya  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992     "@x"Mali  20October1990  19October1992     "@x"Malta  30October1990  29October1992     "@x"Mauritius  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992     "@x"Mexico  21October1990  20October1992  15December1992  CRC/C/3/Add.11 "@x"Mongolia  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  20October1994  CRC/C/3/Add.32 "@x"Namibia  30October1990  29October1992  21December1992  CRC/C/3/Add.12&@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1992(continued) "x@"Stateparty ..   @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Nepal  14October1990  13October1992  10April1995  CRC/C/3/Add.34 "@x"Nicaragua  Ѐ4November1990  Ѐ3November1992  12January1994  CRC/C/3/Add.25 "@x"Niger  30October1990  29October1992  27April1994  CRC/C/3/Add.29 "@x"Pakistan  12December1990  11December1992  25January1993  CRC/C/3/Add.13 "@x"Paraguay  25October1990  24October1992  30August1993  CRC/C/3/Add.22 "x"Peru  Ѐ4October1990  Ѐ3October1992  28October1992  CRC/C/3/Add.7&CRC/C/3/Add.24 "@x"Philippines  20September1990  19September1992  21September1993  CRC/C/3/Add.23 "@x"Portugal  21October1990  20October1992  17August1994  CRC/C/3/Add.30 "@x"Romania  28October1990  27October1992  14April1993  CRC/C/3/Add.16 "@x"RussianFederation  15September1990  14September1992  16October1992  CRC/C/3/Add.5 "@x"SaintKittsandNevis  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992     "@x"Senegal  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  12September1994  CRC/C/3/Add.31 "@x"Seychelles  Ѐ7October1990  Ѐ6October1992     "@x"SierraLeone  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992     "x"Sudan  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  29September1992  CRC/C/3/Add.3&CRC/C/3/Add.20 "@x"Sweden  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  Ѐ7September1992  CRC/C/3/Add.1 "@x"Togo  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992    &@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1992(continued) "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Uganda  16September1990  15September1992     "@x"Uruguay  20December1990  19December1992     "@x"Venezuela  13October1990  12October1992     "x"VietNam  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  30September1992  CRC/C/3/Add.4&CRC/C/3/Add.21 "@x"Zaire  27October1990  26October1992     "@x"Zimbabwe  11October1990  10October1992  23May1995  CRC/C/3/Add.35 "@x"         &@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1993 "@x"Angola  Ѐ4January1991  Ѐ3January1991     "x"Argentina  Ѐ3January1991  Ѐ2January1993  17March1993  CRC/C/8/Add.2&Add.17 "@x"Australia  16January1991  15January1993     "@x"Bahamas  22March1991  21March1993     "@x"Bulgaria  Ѐ3July1991  Ѐ2July1993     "@x"Colombia  27February1991  26February1993  14April1993  CRC/C/8/Add.3 "@x"C=ted'Ivoire  Ѐ6March1991  Ѐ5March1993     "@x"Croatia  Ѐ7November1991  Ѐ6November1993  Ѐ8November1994  CRC/C/8/Add.19 "@x"Cuba  20September1991  19September1993     "@x"Cyprus  Ѐ9March1991  Ѐ8March1993  22December1994  CRC/C/8/Add.24 "@x"Denmark  18August1991  17August1993  14September1993  CRC/C/8/Add.8&@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1993(continued) "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Djibouti  Ѐ5January1991  Ѐ4January1993     "@x"Dominica  12April1991  11April1993     "@x"DominicanRepublic  11July1991  10July1993     "@x"Estonia  20November1991  19November1993     "@x"Ethiopia  13June1991  12June1993     "@x"Finland  20July1991  19July1993  12December1994  CRC/C/8/Add.22 "@x"Guyana  13February1991  12February1993     "@x"Hungary  Ѐ6November1991  Ѐ5November1993     "@x"Israel  Ѐ2November1991  Ѐ1November1993     "@x"Italy  Ѐ5October1991  Ѐ4October1993  11October1994  CRC/C/8/Add.18 "@x"Jamaica  13June1991  12June1993  25January1994  CRC/C/8/Add.12 "@x"Jordan  23June1991  22June1993  25May1993  CRC/C/8/Add.4 "@x"Kuwait  20November1991  19November1993     "x"LaoPeople's̀DemocraticRepublic  Ѐ7June1991  Ѐ6June1993     "@x"Lebanon  13June1991  12June1993  21December1994  CRC/C/8/Add.23 "@x"Madagascar  18April1991  17May1993  20July1993  CRC/C/8/Add.5 "@x"Malawi  Ѐ1February1991  31January1993     "@x"Maldives  13March1991  12March1993  Ѐ6July1994  CRC/C/8/Add.15 "@x"Mauritania  15June1991  14June1993    &@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1993(continued) "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Myanmar  14August1991  13August1993     "@x"Nigeria  19May1991  18May1993     "@x"Norway  Ѐ7February1991  Ѐ6February1993  30August1993  CRC/C/8/Add.7 "@x"Panama  11January1991  10January1993     "@x"Poland  Ѐ7July1991  Ѐ6July1993  11January1994  CRC/C/8/Add.11 "@x"RepublicofKorea  20December1991  19December1993  17November1994  CRC/C/8/Add.21 "@x"Rwanda  23February1991  22February1993  30September1992  CRC/C/8/Add.1 "@x"SanMarino  25December1991  24December1993     "@x"SaoTomeandPrincipe  13June1991  12June1993     "@x"Slovenia  25June1991  24June1993  29May1995  CRC/C/8/Add.25 "@x"Spain  Ѐ5January1991  Ѐ4January1993  1(!..(!10August1993  CRC/C/8/Add.6 "@x"SriLanka  11August1991  10August1993  23March1994  CRC/C/8/Add.13 "x"TheformerYugoslav̀Republicof̀Macedonia  17September1991  16September1993     "x"Ukraine  27September1991  26September1993  Ѐ8October1993  CRC/C/8/Add.10/Rev.1 "x"UnitedRepublicof̀Tanzania  10July1991  Ѐ9July1993  29April1994  CRC/C/8/Add.14 "@x"Yemen  31May1991  30May1993  14November1994  CRC/C/8/Add.20 "@x"Yugoslavia  Ѐ2February1991  Ѐ1February1993  21September1994  CRC/C/8/Add.16 &@x&&@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1994 "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Albania  28March1992  27March1994     "@x"Austria  Ѐ5September1992  Ѐ4September1994     "@x"Azerbaijan  12September1992  11September1994     "@x"Bahrain  14March1992  14March1994     "@x"Belgium  15January1992  14January1994  12July1994  CRC/C/11/Add.4 "@x"BosniaandHerzegovina  Ѐ6March1992  Ѐ5March1994     "@x"Cambodia  14November1992  15November1994     "@x"Canada  12January1992  11January1994  17June1994  CRC/C/11/Add.3 "@x"CapeVerde  Ѐ4July1992  Ѐ3July1994     "x"CentralAfricaǹRepublic  23May1992  23May1994     "@x"China  Ѐ1April1992  31March1994  27March1995  CRC/C/11/Add.7 "@x"CzechRepublic  Ѐ1January1993  31December1994     "@x"EquatorialGuinea  15July1992  14July1994     "@x"Germany  Ѐ5April1992  Ѐ4May1994  30August1994  CRC/C/11/Add.5 "@x"Iceland  27November1992  26November1994  30November1994  CRC/C/11/Add.6 "@x"Ireland  28October1992  27October1994     "@x"Latvia  14May1992  13May1994     "@x"Lesotho  Ѐ9April1992  Ѐ8April1994     "@x"Lithuania  Ѐ1March1992  28February1994    &@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1994(continued) "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Slovakia  Ѐ1January1993  31December1994     "@x"Thailand  26April1992  25April1994     "@x"TrinidadandTobago  Ѐ4January1992  Ѐ3January1994     "@x"Tunisia  29February1992  28February1994  16May1994  CRC/C/11/Add.2 "x"UnitedKingdomof̀GreatBritainand̀NorthernIreland  15January1992  14January1994  15March1994  CRC/C/11/Add.1 "@x"Zambia  Ѐ5January1992  Ѐ4January1994     "@x"         &@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1995 "@x"Algeria  16May1993  15May1995     "@x"AntiguaandBarbuda  Ѐ4November1993  Ѐ3November1995     "@x"Armenia  23July1993  Ѐ5August1995     "@x"Cameroon  10February1993  Ѐ9February1995     "@x"Comoros  22July1993  21July1995     "@x"Congo  13November1993  12November1995     "@x"Fiji  12September1993  11September1995     "@x"Greece  10June1993  Ѐ9June1995     "@x"India  11January1993  10January1995     "@x"Liberia  Ѐ4July1993  Ѐ3July1995     "@x"LibyanArabJamahiriya  15May1993  14May1995    &@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1995(continued) "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"MarshallIslands  Ѐ3November1993  Ѐ2November1995     "x"Micronesia(Federated̀Statesof)  Ѐ4June1993  Ѐ3June1995     "@x"Monaco  21July1993  20July1995     "@x"Morocco  21July1993  20July1995     "@x"NewZealand  Ѐ6May1993  Ѐ5May1995     "@x"PapuaNewGuinea  31March1993  31March1995     "@x"RepublicofMoldova  25February1993  24February1995     "@x"SaintLucia  16July1993  15July1995     "x"SaintVincentand̀theGrenadines  25November1993  24November1995     "@x"Suriname  31March1993  31March1995     "@x"SyrianArabRepublic  14August1993  13August1995     "@x"Tajikistan  25November1993  24November1995     "@x"Turkmenistan  20October1993  19October1995     "@x"Vanuatu  Ѐ6August1993  Ѐ5August1995     "@x"         &@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1996 "@x"Afghanistan  27April1994  26April1996     "@x"Gabon  11March1994  10March1996     "@x"Luxembourg  Ѐ6April1994  Ѐ5April1996    &@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1996(continued) "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Japan  22May1994  21May1996     "@x"Mozambique  26May1994  25May1996     "@x"Georgia  Ѐ2July1994  Ѐ1July1996     "@x"Iraq  15July1994  14July1996     "@x"Uzbekistan  29July1994  28July1996     "x"Iran(Islamic̀Republicof)  12August1994  11August1996     "@x"Nauru  26August1994  25August1996     "@x"Eritrea  Ѐ2September1994  Ѐ1September1996     "@x"Kazakhstan  11September1994  10September1996     "@x"Kyrgyzstan  Ѐ6November1994  Ѐ5November1996     "@x"Samoa  29December1994  28December1996     &@x& &@x&Initialreportsduein1997 "@x"Netherlands  Ѐ7March1995  Ѐ6March1997     "@x"Malaysia  19March1995  18March1997     "@x"Botswana  13April1995  12April1997     "@x"Qatar  Ѐ3May1995  Ѐ2May1997     "@x"Turkey  Ѐ4May1995  Ѐ3May1997     "@x"SolomonIslands  10May1995  Ѐ9May1997     "@x"Haiti  Ѐ8July1995  Ѐ7July1997    п    \R6&\  33 +    ++P   } VW8.++b >uQ!8@..AnnexIV@.. LISTOFINITIALREPORTSCONSIDEREDBYTHECOMMITTEE@..BASOF9JUNE1995b..b ..  .. ..>..>Statepartyreports..Q..QObservationsadoptedb..b ..  .. ..>..>u..u......Q..QbytheCommitteeThirdsession(January1993)b..bBolivia .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.2....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.1b..bSweden .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.1....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.2b..bVietNam .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.4&21..Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.3b..bRussianb..bFederation .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.5....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.4b..bEgypt .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.6....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.5b..bSudan .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.3....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.6b..b ..  .. ..>..>u..u......Q..Q(preliminary)Fourthsession(SeptemberOctober1993)b..bIndonesia .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.10....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.7b..b ..  .. ..>..>u..u......Q..Q(preliminary)b..bPeru ..  .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.7....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.8b..bElSalvador..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.9&28..Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.9b..bSudan .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.3&20..Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.10b..bCostaRica .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.8....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.11b..bRwanda .. ..>..>CRC/C/8/Add.1....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.12b..b ..  .. ..>..>u..u......Q..Q(preliminary)Fifthsession(January1994)b..bMexico .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.11....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.13b..bNamibia .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.12....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.14b..bColombia .. ..>..>CRC/C/8/Add.3....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.15b..b ..  .. ..>..>u..u......Q..Q(preliminary)b..bRomania .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.16....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.16b..bBelarus .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.14....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.17Sixthsession(April1994)b..bPakistan .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.13....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.18b..bBurkinaFaso..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.19....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.19b..bFrance .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.15....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.20b..bJordan .. ..>..>CRC/C/8/Add.4....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.21b..bChile .. ..>..>CRC/C/3/Add.18....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.22b..bNorway .. ..>..>CRC/C/8/Add.7....Q..QCRC/C/15/Add.23̇b..b ..  .. ..Statepartyreports....Observationsadoptedb..b ..  .. ..>..>u..u......bytheCommitteeSeventhsession(SeptemberOctober1994)b..bHonduras .. ..CRC/C/3/Add.17......CRC/C/15/Add.24b..bIndonesia .. ..CRC/C/3/Add.10&26....CRC/C/15/Add.25b..bMadagascar .. ..CRC/C/8/Add.5......CRC/C/15/Add.26b..bParaguay .. ..CRC/C/3/Add.22......CRC/C/15/Add.27b..b ..  .. ..>..>u..u......(preliminary)b..bSpain .. ..CRC/C/8/Add.6......CRC/C/15/Add.28b..bArgentina .. ..CRC/C/8/Add.2&17....CRC/C/15/Add.35b..b ..  .. ..>..>u..u......(adoptedattheb..b ..  .. ..>..>u..u......eighthsession)Eighthsession(January1995)b..bPhilippines..CRC/C/3/Add.23......CRC/C/15/Add.29b..bColombia .. ..CRC/C/8/Add.3......CRC/C/15/Add.30b..bPoland .. ..CRC/C/8/Add.11......CRC/C/15/Add.31b..bJamaica .. ..CRC/C/8/Add.12......CRC/C/15/Add.32b..bDenmark .. ..CRC/C/8/Add.8......CRC/C/15/Add.33b..bUnitedKingdom..CRC/C/11/Add.1......CRC/C/15/Add.34Ninthsession(MayJune1995)b..bNicaragua .. ..CRC/C/3/Add.25......CRC/C/15/Add.36b..bCanada .. ..CRC/C/11/Add.3......CRC/C/15/Add.37b..bBelgium .. ..CRC/C/11/Add.4......CRC/C/15/Add.38b..bTunisia .. ..CRC/C/11/Add.2......CRC/C/15/Add.39b..bSriLanka .. ..CRC/C/8/Add.13......CRC/C/15/Add.40@..6AnnexV@..@..PROVISIONALLISTOFINITIALREPORTSSCHEDULEDFORCONSIDERATION@.. ATTHECOMMITTEE'STENTHANDELEVENTHSESSIONSTenthsession(30October17November1995)b..b ..  .. ..>..>u..u....Statepartyreportb..bGermany .. ..>..>u..u....CRC/C/11/Add.5b..bHolySee .. ..>..>u..u....CRC/C/3/Add.27b..bItaly .. ..>..>u..u....CRC/C/8/Add.18b..bPortugal .. ..>..>u..u....CRC/C/3/Add.30b..bSenegal .. ..>..>u..u....CRC/C/3/Add.31b..bUkraine .. ..>..>u..u....CRC/C/8/Add.10/Rev.1Eleventhsession(826January1996)b..b ..  .. ..>..>u..u....Statepartyreportb..bCroatia .. ..>..>u..u....CRC/C/8/Add.19b..bFinland .. ..>..>u..u....CRC/C/8/Add.22b..bIceland .. ..>..>u..u....CRC/C/11/Add.6b..bRepublicofKorea>..>u..u....CRC/C/8/Add.21b..bYemen .. ..>..>u..u....CRC/C/8/Add.20b..bFederalRepublicofb..bYugoslavia..>..>u..u....CRC/C/8/Add.16b..bMongolia .. ..>..>u..u....CRC/C/3/Add.32b..bLebanon .. ..>..>u..u....CRC/C/8/Add.23@..AnnexVI@..LETTERDATED24MARCH1995FROMTHEPERMANENTMISSIONOFTHE  FEDERALREPUBLICOFYUGOSLAVIATOTHEUNITEDNATIONSOFFICE  ATGENEVAADDRESSEDTOTHECHAIRPERSONOFTHECOMMITTEE@..ONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILDb..bWithreferencetotheUnitedNationsSecretary-General'sNoteNo.G/SO228/2(3)of2March,1995,advisingtheGovernmentoftheFederalRepublicofYugoslaviaofthedateandvenueofthesessionscheduledforconsideringitsinitialreportontheimplementationoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,mayI,uponinstruction,pointtothefollowingpositionofmyGovernment:b..bTheFederalRepublicofYugoslaviaisthecontinuationoftheState,international,legalandpoliticalpersonalityoftheSocialistFederalRepublicofYugoslaviaanditisstrictlyabidingbyalltheinternationalcommitmentswhichhadbeenundertakenbytheformerYugoslavia.TheseincludethecommitmenttobonafideabidebytheobligationsderivingfromitsmembershipintheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.b..bWehavealwaysconsideredourdialoguewiththeCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildavaluableone.Inparticular,wehavehighlyappreciatedthereadinessdemonstratedbythememberstotheCommitteetogetacquainted,indirectcontactwiththerepresentativesoftheFederalRepublicofYugoslavia,withthesufferingsofthechildrenundersanctions.Weareoftheviewthatthisdialogueshouldbecontinuedinthefuture,onthefootingofequalityandinmutualrespect.b..bAsaStatepartytotheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,theFederalRepublicofYugoslaviaissharingtheobligations,aswellastherights,withotherStatespartiestotheConvention.Regrettably,suchrights,inparticulartherighttoparticipationonafootingofequalityinthedeliberationsoftheStatespartiestotheConvention,havebeendeniedtotheFederalRepublicofYugoslavia.Withinashortspelloftime,theFederalRepublicofYugoslaviahasontwooccasionsbeensuspendedofitsrightstoparticipateatthemeetingsoftheStatespartiestotheConventionontheRightsoftheChild:inOctober1994andinFebruarythisyear.b..bActionsofthistypeareincontraventionoftheprovisionsoftheConventionitself,andcontrarytotheConventionandthebasicnormscontainedintheLawofTreaties.TheyimplyaviolationoftheprincipleofequalityamongStatesparties.b..bOnseveraloccasions,theFederalRepublicofYugoslaviahaspointedtothefactthatthedecisiononsuspendingitslegitimaterightstoparticipateinthemeetingsofStatespartiesimpliesthesuspensionofitsobligationsonthebasisofthesameConvention,therightsandobligationsbeingindivisible.b..bWehavebeenastonishedbythefactwherebytheissueoftherightsofthechildisbeingmixedwiththeimpositionofpoliticalinterestsandwiththewillofalimitednumberofcountries.̇b..bWeappealuponyou,MadamChairperson,andindeedtotheentireCommittee,abodycompetentforthefollowingupofhonouringthecommitmentsundertakenunderthisConvention,whichfavoursanevergreaterandfasterprogressofcountriesinimplementingtheConvention,toprotecttheFederalRepublicofYugoslaviaasaStatepartytotheConventionratherthantoallowthepoliticization,discriminationandabuseperpetratedbyanumberofStatespartiestotheConventionontheRightsoftheChildagainsttheFederalRepublicofYugoslavia.b..bAsaresultofthecurrentpoliticizationofapurelyhumanitarianfieldthefieldoftherightsofthechildtheFederalRepublicofYugoslaviawillnotparticipateintheworkoftheninthsessionoftheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildrelatedtotheconsiderationofitsinitialreport.b..bInviewofitsalreadytestedreadinessforcooperationwiththeCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,anditswishtocontinuecooperationonthissensitiveissue,theFederalRepublicofYugoslaviaismorethanwillingtoparticipateinameetingscheduledforconsiderationofitsreportbytheCommitteeandtotakepartinanyothertypeofcooperationoncethediscriminativestandagainstithasbeenchanged,i.e.assoonasitisadmittedtoparticipateinthemeetingsofStatespartiesandtobenefitfromitsrightsasapartytotheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.b..b ..  .. ..>..>u..u..(Signed):Dr.VladimirPavicevic@..AnnexVII  REPLYDATED30MAY1995FROMTHECHAIRPERSONOFTHECOMMITTEE  ONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILDADDRESSEDTOTHEPERMANENTMISSION  OFTHEFEDERALREPUBLICOFYUGOSLAVIATOTHEUNITEDNATIONS@..tOFFICEATGENEVAb..bIshouldliketorefertoyourletterof24March1995whichtransmitsthepositionofyourGovernmentontheinvitationextendedtoittoparticipateintheconsiderationbytheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildoftheinitialreportoftheFederalRepublicofYugoslaviaontheimplementationoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.b..bIwishtoconveytoyoutheregretoftheCommitteeconcerningthedecisionofyourGovernmentnottosendadelegationtoparticipateinthediscussionscheduledduringthepresentsession.AsindicatedinthenoteverbalewhichwassenttotheMinisterforForeignAffairsoftheFederalRepublicofYugoslaviaon2March1995,theCommitteehasexpressedthehopethatthereportingStateswouldsendhigh-levelrepresentativestoattendmeetingsatwhichtheirreportsarescheduledforconsideration,inordertoenableaneffectiveandconstructivedialoguetotakeplacebetweentheStatespartiesandtheCommittee,inthelightofrule68oftheprovisionalrulesofprocedure.b..bNotehasbeentakenofthereasonspresentedbyyourGovernmentasunderlyingitsposition.Inthisregard,theCommitteewouldliketoclearlystateitsviewthatitconsiderstheFederalRepublicofYugoslaviaasdutyboundasaStatepartytotheConventionontheRightsoftheChildandthattheCommitteewillcontinuetoproceedonthebasisofthisunderstanding.b..bInviewoftheforegoing,IwishtoinformyouthattheCommitteehasdecidedtorescheduletheconsiderationoftheinitialreportoftheFederalRepublicofYugoslaviaforitseleventhsession(826January1996).ItisthehopeoftheCommitteethatyourGovernmentwillreconsideritsdecisioninordertoallowforadialoguetooccuratthatsession.b..b ..  .. ..>..>u..u..(Signed):AkilaBelembaogo@..AnnexVIII@.. GENERALDISCUSSIONONTHEADMINISTRATIONOF@..JUVENILEJUSTICEOUTLINEb..bInthelightofrule75ofitsprovisionalrulesofprocedure,theCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildhasdecidedtodevoteoneormoremeetingsofitsregularsessionstoageneraldiscussionononespecificarticleoftheConventionorrelatedsubjectinordertoenhanceadeeperunderstandingofthecontentandimplicationsoftheConvention.b..bEncouragedbythesuccessfulcontributionofitspreviousthematicdebatestocreatingwiderawarenessoftheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionandtoguideStatesintheirimplementation,theCommitteedecidedtodevotethedayof13November1995tothequestionoftheadministrationofjuvenilejustice.b..bTheareaoftheadministrationofjuvenilejusticehasdeservedconstantanddecisiveattentionbytheCommitteewithintheframeworkofitsactivitiesasatreaty-monitoringbody.Similarly,ithasgainedparticularimportanceintheconcludingobservationsadoptedbytheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildinrelationtoStatespartiesreports(CRC/C/15andAddenda).Thus,thegeneraldiscussionisaspecialopportunitytoevaluatetheCommittee'sexperienceinthefirstyearsofitsmandate.b..bTheexperienceoftheCommitteehasshownthattheareaoftheadministrationofjuvenilejusticeisofpracticalandcurrentrelevanceinallregionsoftheworldandinrelationtothedifferentexistinglegalsystems,inparticularinthelightofthechallengingandinnovativephilosophyarisingfromtheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.Infact,thislegalinstrument,togetherwithotherUnitedNationsstandardsadoptedinthefieldtheUnitedNationsStandardMinimumRulesfortheAdministrationofJuvenileJustice(TheBeijingRules),theUnitedNationsGuidelinesforthePreventionofJuvenileDelinquency(TheRiyadhGuidelines)andtheUnitedNationsRulesfortheProtectionofJuvenilesDeprivedoftheirLibertycallfortheadoptionofachild-orientedsystem,thatrecognizesthechildasasubjectoffundamentalrightsandfreedomsandstressestheneedforallactionsconcerningchildrentobeguidedbythebestinterestsofthechildasaprimaryconsideration.b..bThese,alongwithotheressentialvalues,demonstratehowcrucialitisforStatespartiestoadoptallnecessarymeasurestoensurefullcomplianceoftheirnationallawandpracticewiththeConventionontheRightsoftheChild.Thegeneraldiscussionwillthereforesetanimportantframeworktoguidesuchaprocessofchange.b..bItisimportanttorecallthatthefieldoftheadministrationofjuvenilejustice,andinparticularthestandardsrelatingtojuvenilesdeprivedoftheirliberty,hasbecomethesubjectofincreasingandveryspecialinterestonthepartofdifferentsectorsoftheUnitedNationssystem.LastyearanimportantmeetingofexpertswasheldatViennaatwhichwasadoptedasetofimportantrecommendationsonthehumanrightsofdetainedjuveniles(seeE/CN.4/1995/100).Addressedtotheinternationalcommunityasawhole,UnitedNationsbodiesandagencies,Statesandnongovernmentalorganizations,thissetofrecommendationswaslaterendorsedbothbytheCommissiononHumanRights(resolution1995/41)andtheNinthUnitedNationsCongressonthePreventionofCrimeandtheTreatmentofOffenders(Cairo,29April8May1995).ThesedecisionsandthereportoftheexpertmeetingthereforeconstituteanimportantreferenceforthethematicdiscussiontobeheldbytheCommittee.b..bThethematicdebatewillmainlyaddresstheprovisionsofarticles37,39and40oftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.ButitwillnaturallyreflecttheholisticapproachoftheConvention,thusillustratingtheinterdependenceandindivisibilityofthefundamentalrightsofchildren.Inthisregard,andaswasthecaseinthepreviousdiscussionsheldbytheCommittee,thegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention,namelyofnon-discrimination,thebestinterestsofthechildandtheparticipationofthechildinthedecisionsaffectinghimorher,willbeofdecisiveimportanceintheconsiderationofthistheme.b..bThetwobasicareastobeconsideredduringthedebatewillbetherelevanceoftheeffectiveimplementationofexistingstandardsandthevalueofinternationalcooperation,namelythroughprogrammesoftechnicalassistance.Theconsiderationoftheseareaswillemphasizetheimportanceofaccountabilityfortheprotectionof,andrespectfor,thehumanrightsofchildren,whilestressingtheneedtofosterinternationalsolidarityfortherealizationofthosesamerights.b..bPursuanttoarticle45oftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,UnitedNationsorgans,bodiesandspecializedagencies,andothercompetentbodies,includingnongovernmentalorganizationsandresearchandacademicinstitutions,areinvitedtocontributetothediscussionandprovideexpertadviceonthesetwotopics,inthelightoftheactivitiesdevelopedwithinthescopeoftheirmandates.Thesecontributionsmay,interalia,addressthecontentofspecificrightsrecognizedbytheConventioninarticles37,39and40,informaboutconcreteprojectscarriedoutatthecountryorregionallevel,orillustratesuccessfulachievementsordifficultiesencounteredinsuchaprocess.b..bInordertoallowfortheorganizationofthethematicdiscussion,participantsarerequestedtosubmit,by20September1995writtencontributions,whichmaybepresentedorallyduringthedayofthegeneraldiscussion,inaninterventionthatshouldnotexceed10minutes.TheCommitteewelcomesthesubmissionofspecificaction-orientedrecommendationswhichmayeffectivelyenhancethepromotionandprotectionofchildren'srights.@..AnnexIX@..FLISTOFDOCUMENTSISSUEDFORTHENINTHSESSIONOFTHECOMMITTEECRC/C/2/Rev.30 .. 0..Reservations,declarationsandobjectionsrelatingtotheConventionontheRightsoftheChildCRC/C/3/Add.250 .. 0..InitialreportofNicaraguaCRC/C/8/Add.130 .. 0..InitialreportofSriLankaCRC/C/8/Add.160 .. 0..InitialreportoftheFederalRepublicofYugoslaviaCRC/C/11/Add.2 .. 0..InitialreportofTunisiaCRC/C/11/Add.30 .. 0..InitialreportofCanadaCRC/C/11/Add.40 .. 0..InitialreportofBelgiumCRC/C/15/Add.360 .. 0..ConcludingobservationsNicaraguaCRC/C/15/Add.370 .. 0..ConcludingobservationsCanadaCRC/C/15/Add.380 .. 0..ConcludingobservationsBelgiumCRC/C/15/Add.390 .. 0..ConcludingobservationsTunisiaCRC/C/15/Add.400 .. 0..ConcludingobservationsSriLankaCRC/C/19/Rev.40 .. 0..CompilationoftheconclusionsandrecommendationsadoptedbytheCommitteeCRC/C/27/Rev.20 .. 0..NotebytheSecretaryGeneralonthefollowuptotheconsiderationofreportsCRC/C/390 .. 0 .. 0..NotebytheSecretaryGeneralontheStatespartiestotheConventionandthestatusofsubmissionofreportsCRC/C/400 .. 0 .. 0..NotebytheSecretaryGeneralonareasidentifiedbytheCommitteefortechnicalassistanceCRC/C/410 .. 0 .. 0..NotebytheSecretaryGeneraloninitialreportsduein1996CRC/C/42 ..  .. ..ProvisionalagendaandannotationsCRC/C/SR.210233 .. 0..Summaryrecordsoftheninthsession@..