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E +?EX+     Distr.    GENERAL    CRC/C/54    1July1996    Original:ENGLISHmm;@ "COMMITTEEONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILD@&Reportonthetwelfthsession K @&(Geneva,20May-7June1996)@0CONTENTSChapter[[K#Paragraphs󀀀Page  *+w %#??*ӀI.  ORGANIZATIONALANDOTHERMATTERS%%J%.gg4  115T#T#Z#3    A. w StatespartiestotheConvention%%J%.8  12T#T#Z#3 ^   B. w Openinganddurationofthesession%%J%.##;  3T#T#Z#3 n<    C. w Membershipandattendance%%J%.;;1  48T#T#Z#3 L  "   D. w Agenda%%J%.   9T#T#Z#4 *"!$   E. w Pre-sessionalworkinggroup%%J%.3  1013T#T#Z#4 $#&   F. w Organizationofwork%%J%.GG,  14T#T#Z#5 %%(   G. w Futureregularmeetings%%J%.ss/  15T#T#Z#5 ''* ...o,=,GE.9617034(E)  //0   33 ++P   } FG8.++b >uQ!8@..CONTENTS(continued)Chapter#..YParagraphs󀀀Page+w #ӀII...REPORTSBYSTATESPARTIESUNDERARTICLE44..OFTHECONVENTION....16265#..T#5..A.w ..w Submissionofreports....1619#..T#5..B.w ..w Considerationofreports....20265#..T#6..w ..w 1.Concludingobservations:Lebanon....2570#..T#7..w ..w 2.Concludingobservations:Zimbabwe....71104#.."13..w ..w 3.Concludingobservations:China....105149#.."18..w ..w 4.Concludingobservations:Nepal....150190#.."25..w ..w 5.Concludingobservations:Guatemala....191233#.."31..w ..w 6.Concludingobservations:Cyprus....234265#.."38III...OVERVIEWOFTHEOTHERACTIVITIESOFTHE..COMMITTEE....266272#.."41̀IV...DRAFTPROVISIONALAGENDAFORTHE..THIRTEENTHSESSION....273#.."43̀V...ADOPTIONOFTHEREPORT....274#.."44@..6Annexes+w  "#ӀI...StateswhichhaveratifiedoraccededtotheConvention..ontheRightsoftheChildasat7June1996".."#.."45̀II...MembershipoftheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild".."#.."51III...StatusofsubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesunder..article44oftheConventionontheRightsoftheChildas..at7June1996".."#.."52̀IV...ListofinitialreportsconsideredbytheCommitteeasat..7June1996".."#.."63̀V...Provisionallistofinitialreportsscheduledfor..considerationattheCommittee'sthirteenthand..fourteenthsessions".."#.."66̀VI...Listofdocumentsissuedforthetwelfthsessionof..theCommittee".."#.."67̇8.++b >uQ!8@.. I.ORGANIZATIONALANDOTHERMATTERS@.. A.StatespartiestotheConvention1.b..bAsat7June1996,theclosingdateofthetwelfthsessionoftheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,therewere187StatespartiestotheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.TheConventionwasadoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyinresolution44/25of20November1989andopenedforsignatureandratificationoraccessioninNewYorkon26January1990.Itenteredintoforceon2September1990,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofitsarticle49.AlistofStatesthathavesigned,ratifiedoraccededtotheConventioniscontainedinannexItothepresentreport.2.b..bThetextsofthedeclarations,reservationsorobjectionsmadebyStatespartieswithrespecttotheConventionarereproducedindocumentCRC/C/2/Rev.4.@.. B.Openinganddurationofthesession3.b..bTheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildhelditstwelfthsessionattheUnitedNationsOfficeatGenevafrom20Mayto7June1996.TheCommitteeheld27meetings(288thto314th).AnaccountoftheCommittee'sdeliberationsatitstwelfthsessioniscontainedintherelevantsummaryrecords(CRC/C/SR.288-291,293-295,298-303,306-311and314).Attheopeningofthesession,theHighCommissionerforHumanRights,Mr.JosAyalaLasso,addressedtheCommitteeandinformeditofrecentdevelopmentsrelevanttotheprotectionandpromotionoftherightsofthechild.@..C.Membershipandattendance4.b..bAllthemembersoftheCommitteeattendedthetwelfthsession.Mrs.HodaBadran,Mrs.AkilaBelembaogo,Mr.ThomasHammarberg,Mr.SwithunTachionaMombeshoraandMrs.MariliaSardenbergwereunabletoattendtheentiresession.Alistofthemembers,togetherwithanindicationofthedurationoftheirtermsofoffice,appearsinannexIItothepresentreport.5.b..bThefollowingUnitedNationsbodieswererepresentedatthesession:UnitedNationsChildren'sFund,OfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees.6.b..bThefollowingspecializedagencieswerealsorepresentedatthesession:InternationalLabourOrganization,WorldHealthOrganization.7.b..bArepresentativefromtheInstitutHenriDunantalsoattendedthesession.8.b..bRepresentativesofthefollowingnon-governmentalorganizationswerealsoinattendanceatthesession:b..bCategoryI0b..bInternationalMovementATDFourthWorld,ZontaInternational.b..bCategoryII0b..bCaritasInternationalis,DefenceforChildrenInternational,FriendsWorldCommitteeforConsultation(Quakers),InterAfricanCommitteeonTraditionalPracticesAffectingtheHealthofWomenandChildren,InternationalAbolitionistFederation,InternationalCatholicChildBureau,InternationalFederationofWomeninLegalCareers,InternationalFederationTerredesHommes,InternationalServiceforHumanRights,WorldOrganizationagainstTorture.b..bOthers0b..bEpochWorldwide,InternationalInnerWheel,MinorityRightsGroup,NetworkfortheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,NGOGroupfortheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,OneWorldProductions,Proden,RaddaBarnen,TibetBureau.@..D.Agenda9.b..bAtits288thmeeting,on20May1996,theCommitteeadoptedthefollowingagenda(CRC/C/52).b..b1. .. Adoptionoftheagendab..b2. .. Organizationalandothermattersb..b3.0 .. SubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesinaccordancewitharticle44oftheConventionb..b4.0 .. ConsiderationofreportsofStatespartiesb..b5.0 .. CooperationwithotherUnitedNationsbodies,specializedagenciesandothercompetentbodiesb..b6.0 .. MethodsofworkoftheCommittee,includingguidelinesforperiodicreportsb..b7. .. FuturemeetingsoftheCommitteeb..b8. .. Othermatters@..E.Presessionalworkinggroup10.b..bInaccordancewiththedecisionoftheCommitteeatitsfirstsession,apresessionalworkinggroupmetatGenevafrom29Januaryto2February1996.AllthemembersexceptMr.SwithunTachionaMombeshoraparticipatedintheworkinggroup.TheworkinggroupelecteditsBureau.RepresentativesoftheUnitedNationsChildren'sFund,theOfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees,theInternationalLabourOrganization,theUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationandtheWorldHealthOrganizationalsoparticipatedinthemeetingsoftheworkinggroup.ArepresentativeoftheNGOGroupfortheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,aswellasrepresentativesfromvariousnongovernmentalorganizations,attendedthesession.11.b..bThepurposeofthepre-sessionalworkinggroupistofacilitatetheCommittee'sworkunderarticles44and45oftheConvention,primarilybyreviewingStatepartyreportsandidentifyinginadvancethemainquestionsthatwouldneedtobediscussedwiththerepresentativesofthereportingStates.Italsoprovidesanopportunitytoconsiderquestionsrelatingtotechnicalassistanceandinternationalcooperation.12.b..bThepre-sessionalworkinggroupheldeightmeetings,atwhichitexaminedlistsofissuesputbeforeitbymembersoftheCommitteerelatingtotheinitialreportsofsevencountries:China,Guatemala,Mauritius,Nepal,Nigeria,SloveniaandZimbabwe.ThelistsofissuesweretransmittedtothePermanentMissionsoftheStatesconcernedwithanoterequesting,ifpossiblebeforetheendofApril1996,writtenanswerstotheissuesraisedinthelist.13.b..bOnthebasisofadecisiontakenatthepresessionalworkinggroupofthefifthsessionoftheCommittee,theworkinggroupestablishedinformalcontactswiththePermanentMissionsofStateswhosereportswerescheduledforconsiderationattheforthcomingsession,inordertoinformthemoftheprocedurefollowedbytheCommitteefortheconsiderationofreportsandclarifythepurposesofthedialoguewithrepresentativesoftheStatesparties.@..F.Organizationofwork14.b..bTheCommitteeconsideredtheorganizationofworkatits288thmeeting,on20May1996.TheCommitteehadbeforeitthedraftprogrammeofworkforthetwelfthsession,preparedbytheSecretaryGeneralinconsultationwiththeChairpersonoftheCommittee,andthereportoftheCommitteeonitseleventhsession(CRC/C/50).@..NG.Futureregularmeetings15.b..bTheCommitteenotedthatitsthirteenthsessionwouldtakeplacefrom23Septemberto11October1996anditspresessionalworkinggroupwouldmeetfrom10to14June.0b..bII.REPORTSBYSTATESPARTIESUNDERARTICLE44OFTHECONVENTION@..A.Submissionofreports16.b..bTheCommitteehadbeforeitthefollowingdocuments:b..b(a) .. NotesbytheSecretaryGeneraloninitialreportsbyStatespartiesduein1992(CRC/C/3),1993(CRC/C/8/Rev.3),1994(CRC/C/11/Rev.3),1995(CRC/C/28),1996(CRC/C/41)and1997(CRC/C/51);b..b(b) .. NotebytheSecretary-GeneralontheStatespartiestotheConventionandthestatusofsubmissionofreports(CRC/C/53);b..b(c) .. NotebytheSecretaryGeneralonthefollowuptotheconsiderationofinitialreportsbyStatespartiestotheConvention(CRC/C/27/Rev.5);b..b(d) .. NotebytheSecretary-GeneralonareasinwhichtheneedfortechnicaladviceandadvisoryserviceshavebeenidentifiedinthelightoftheobservationsadoptedbytheCommittee(CRC/C/40/Rev.3).TheCommitteewasinformedthat,inadditiontothesixreportsthatwerescheduledforconsiderationbytheCommitteeatitspresentsession(seepara.21below)andthosewhichhadbeenreceivedpriortotheCommittee'seleventhsession(seeCRC/C/50,para.16),theSecretary-GeneralhadreceivedtheinitialreportsoftheCzechRepublic(CRC/C/11/Add.11),theDemocraticPeople'sRepublicofKorea(CRC/C/3/Add.41),Ireland(CRC/C/11/Add.12),Japan(CRC/C/41/Add.1),theLibyanArabJamahiriya(CRC/C/28/Add.6),theMaldives(CRC/C/8/Add.33),theFederatedStatesofMicronesia(CRC/C/8/Add.34),SierraLeone(CRC/C/3/Add.43),Togo(CRC/C/3/Add.42),TrinidadandTobago(CRC/C/11/Add.10),Uganda(CRC/C/3/Add.40)andtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland(HongKong)(CRC/C/11/Add.9).ThestatusofsubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesunderarticle44oftheConventionisgiveninannexIII.17.b..bAlistofinitialreportsconsideredbytheCommitteeasat7June1996,aswellasaprovisionallistofinitialreportsscheduledforconsiderationattheCommittee'sthirteenthandfourteenthsessions,arecontainedinannexesIVandVrespectivelytothepresentreport.18.b..bAsat7June1996,theCommitteehadreceived85initialreports.Atotalof56reportshavebeenexaminedbytheCommittee.19.b..bBynotesverbalesrespectivelydated31January1996,30Marchand3May1996,and28May1996,thePermanentMissionsofDenmark,SwedenandSpaintotheUnitedNationsOfficeatGenevaindicatedthevariousmeasuresadoptedinthoseStatespartiesasfollow-uptotherecommendationsaddressedtothemduringtheexaminationoftheirinitialreports,inanongoingefforttoensuretherealizationoftherightsofthechild.@..B.Considerationofreports20.b..bAtitstwelfthsession,theCommitteeexaminedinitialreportssubmittedbysixStatespartiesunderarticle44oftheConvention.Itdevoted18ofits28meetingstotheconsiderationofreports(CRC/C/SR.289-291,293-295,298-303,306-311).21.b..bThefollowingreports,listedintheorderinwhichtheyhadbeenreceivedbytheSecretaryGeneral,werebeforetheCommitteeatitstwelfthsession:Lebanon(CRC/C/8/Add.23),Cyprus(CRC/C/8/Add.24),Guatemala(CRC/C/3/Add.33),China(CRC/C/11/Add.7),Nepal(CRC/C/3/Add.34)andZimbabwe(CRC/C/3/Add.35).22.b..bInaccordancewithrule68oftheprovisionalrulesofprocedureoftheCommittee,representativesofallthereportingStateswereinvitedtoattendthemeetingsoftheCommitteeatwhichtheirreportswereexamined.23.b..bThefollowingsections,arrangedonacountrybycountrybasisaccordingtothesequencefollowedbytheCommitteeinitsconsiderationofthereports,containconcludingobservationsreflectingthemainpointsofdiscussionandindicating,wherenecessary,issuesthatwouldrequireaspecificfollow-up.24.b..bMoredetailedinformationiscontainedinthereportssubmittedbytheStatespartiesandinthesummaryrecordsoftherelevantmeetingsoftheCommittee.b..b1. .. Concludingobservations:Lebanon25.b..bTheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofLebanon(CRC/C/8/Add.23)atits289th,290thand291stmeetings(CRC/C/SR.289291)heldon20and21May1996andadopted* J   ׀thefollowingconcludingobservations:@..tA.Introduction26.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithappreciationthesubmissionoftheinitialreportofLebanonandthedialogueheldwiththeStateparty.WhiletheCommitteeexpressesitsappreciationforthesupplementalwritteninformationprovidedbythedelegation,itregretsthattheStatepartydidnotsubmitwrittenrepliestothelistofissuespreviouslysubmittedbytheCommitteetotheGovernment.@..   B. 4 Factorsanddifficultiesimpedingtheimplementation 4 oftheConvention27.b..bTheCommitteenotestheseveredifficultiesfacingLebanonasaresultofalmost20yearsofwarandforeigninterventionwhichhasresultedinwidespreaddestructionofitsphysicalinfrastructureandpublicworks.TheCommitteealsotakesnoteofthedifficultiescausedbythefactthatLebanonhashostedagreatnumberofrefugeesforseveraldecades.TheCommitteealsonotestheinsufficientinternationalsupportforcopingwiththeabove-mentionedproblemsandfacilitatinganeffectivereconstructionofinfrastructureandsocialservices.@..C.Positiveaspects28.b..bTheCommitteewelcomestheestablishmentofaHigherCouncilforChildhood,administeredbytheMinistryofSocialAffairs,whichservesasanindependentintermediarybodybetweenrelevantgovernmentministriesandwithnon-governmentalorganizationstoinitiateandcoordinateprogrammesandpolicies.TheCommitteealsowelcomesthedecisionoftheHigherCounciltoundertakeastudyonthelegalsituationinLebanonwithrespecttotheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,whichitregardsasapotentiallyimportantstepinthedevelopmentofamorecomprehensiveapproachtotheimplementationoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.29.b..bTheCommitteealsowelcomestheestablishmentoftheParliamentaryCommitteefortheProtectionofChildhoodaswellastheNationalCommitteefortheDisabled,bothofwhichcouldbeimportantintheendeavourstoimplementtheprinciplesandprovisionsintheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.30.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithsatisfactionthedecisiontoestablishasystemforhealthinspectionsinschoolsandpreschoolinstitutions.31.b..bTheCommitteewelcomestheadoptioninSeptember1995ofaNationalPlanofActionforChildSurvival,ProtectionandDevelopmentinLebanonwhichfocusesonprogrammesrelatedtohealthandeducation.32.b..bTheCommitteewelcomesthereportfromthedelegationthatthestigmatizinglabelof"illegitimate"willbeabolishednotonlyfromidentitycardsbutalsofromthebirthregistryandallotherofficialdocuments.33.b..bTheCommitteewelcomestheroundtablesandtrainingcourses,someofthemincooperationwiththeUnitedNationsChildren'sFund,toeducateandtrainteachers,aswellasplanstotrainpolice,socialworkersandotherprofessionalsabouttherightsofthechild.TheCommitteenoteswithsatisfactiontheagreemententeredintobytheStatepartywiththeUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammetoundertakeastatisticaloverviewof7,000familiesrepresentingthedifferentregionsofLebanononrelevantsocialmatterssuchaseducation,illiteracy,unemploymentandchildlabour.Itfurtherwelcomestheplannedstudyonthehealthofmothersandchildren,andlooksforwardtoreceivingacopyoftheresultsfromthetwostudiesoncetheyarecompleted.@.."D.Principalsubjectsofconcern34.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedattheinsufficientmeasuresadoptedtoensureapermanentandeffectivecoordinatingandmonitoringmechanismtoensureimplementationoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.TheCommitteealsonotestheinsufficientmeasurestosystematicallygatherreliablequantitativeandqualitativedataonallareascoveredbytheConventionandinrelationtoallgroupsofchildren,andtoevaluateprogressachievedandtoassesstheimpactofpoliciesadoptedonchildren,inparticularinrelationtoeducation,health,juvenilejusticeandchildrenwithdisabilities.35.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedabouttheinsufficientmeasurestakentoensurethattheprinciplesandtheprovisionsoftheConventionaremadewidelyknowntochildrenandadults.36.b..bAsregardstheimplementationofarticle4oftheConvention,theCommitteenoteswithconcerntheinadequacyofmeasurestakentoensuretheimplementationofchildren'seconomic,socialandculturalrightstothemaximumextentofavailableresources.TheCommitteeisalsoconcernedthatinsufficientresourcesareallocatedtohumandevelopmentprojectsandbytheemerginggapsdevelopingbetweenthosewhocanaffordprivateeducationandmedicalcare,andthosewhocannot.37.b..bTheCommitteenotesthatdespitethefactthattheprovisionsofinternationaltreatiestowhichLebanonisapartysupersededomesticlegislation,lawscontinuetoexistwhichareinconsistentwiththeprovisionsoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChildandofotherinternationaltreaties.38.b..bTheCommitteeisalsoconcernedthatthebasicprinciplesoftheConvention,inparticulartheprovisionsofitsarticles2,3and12,havenotbeenadequatelyreflectedinlegislation,policiesandprogrammes.39.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedwiththeapparentdiscriminationinthegrantingofnationalitytoachildofparentsofmixednationality;nationalitymayonlybeobtainedbyachildfromher/hisLebanesefatherbutnotfromthemotherand,inthecaseofunmarriedparents,onlyiftheLebanesefatheracknowledgesthechild.40.b..bTheCommitteeisworriedbythewidespreadpracticeofearlymarriageandtherelatedconsequenceofhighchildmortalityratesandthenegativeimpactonthehealthofgirlsbearingchildrenatanearlyage.Itisalsoconcernedwithconsanguineousmarriage.41.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsconcernthattheprovisionofsocialservicesappearstobeconcentratedinBeirut,tothedisadvantageofthepopulationlivingoutsidethecapital.TheCommitteealsonotestheapparentshortageinthenumberofsocialworkers.42.b..bTheCommitteenotestheneedforfurtherreformintheschoolsectortoimprovethequalityofeducationandpreventdropouts.Specificneedsappeartoexistinthefieldsofhealtheducationand,asrecognizedbythedelegation,teachingaboutvaluesandabouttheenvironment.43.b..bTheCommitteenotestheneedforfurtherreformsinthefieldofjuvenilejusticeandtreatmentofyoungoffenderstoensurefullimplementationofConventionarticles37,39and40.Problemsappeartoexistinrelationtothelowageofcriminalresponsibility,non-separationofchildrenfromadultdetainees,thelackofavailablehealthandeducationalfacilitiesforyoungdetainees,theexistenceandlengthofpre-trialcustodyandthenon-availabilityoflegalassistance.44.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedbyreportsaboutchildrenworkinginthestreetsorindomesticservice,includingchildrenfromothercountries.45.b..bTheCommitteenotestheneedforspecialeffortstoprotecttherightsofchildreninespeciallydifficultcircumstances,includingabandonedandstatelesschildren.@.. E.Suggestionsandrecommendations46.b..bThoughwelcomingtheestablishmentoftheHigherCouncilforChildhood,theCommitteerecommendsareviewofthevariouscentralandlocaladministrativestructuresinordertoensureaneffectivecoordinationofpoliciesandprogrammesonmattersofchildrightsandchildwelfare.47.b..bTheCommitteewelcomestheinitiativeforacomprehensivereviewoflegislationinlightoftheprinciplesandstandardsoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.Inthisregard,theCommitteerecommendsthattheminimumageofcriminalresponsibility,formarriageandforchildlabourbereviewed.48.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatapermanentandmultidisciplinarymechanismbedevelopedforcoordinationandmonitoringoftheimplementationoftheConvention,bothatnationalandlocallevels,inurbanandruralareas.TheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytogivefurtherconsiderationtotheestablishmentofanOmbudspersonforChildrenoranyequivalentindependentcomplaintandmonitoringmechanism.TheCommitteefurtherencouragesthepromotionofclosercooperationforthispurposewithLebanesenon-governmentalorganizations,towhichitexpressesitsappreciationforthevaluableworktheyperforminthefieldoftherightsofthechild.49.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatfurtherstepsbetakenbytheStatepartytodefinechild-relatedsocialindicatorsandtodevelopsystematicmeansofgatheringdataonanongoingbasistofacilitateacomparisonofprogresswithregardtochild-relatedinitiativesoveraperiodoftime.50.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheGovernmentstrengthenitseffortsaimedatpromotingadvocacyandcreatingawarenessandunderstandingoftheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventioninlightofitsarticle42.InthespiritoftheUnitedNationsDecadeforHumanRightsEducation,theCommitteefurtherencouragestheGovernmenttogiveconsiderationtotheincorporationoftherightsofthechildinschoolcurricula.TheCommitteealsosuggeststhattheGovernmentdeveloppubliccampaignswithaviewtoaddressingeffectivelytheproblemofpersistentdiscriminatoryattitudes,inparticulartowardsgirls.51.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatfurtherprogrammesbeaimedattrainingpersonnelworkingwithchildren,suchassocialworkers,police,publichealthworkers,andlegalandjudicialofficers.52.b..bTheCommitteeencouragestheGovernmenttopursueitseffortstoensurefullcomplianceofitsnationallegislationwiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,includingnondiscrimination(art.2),thebestinterestsofthechild(art.3)andrespectfortheviewsofthechild(art.12).Inlightofarticles2and3,theCommitteestronglyrecommendsthatlegislativemeasuresbeadoptedwithaviewtoensuringrespectfortherightsofgirls,especiallyinrelationtopreventingearlymarriage.53.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartystrengthentheexistingoverallprioritywhichisgiveninthenationalbudgettochildrelatedprogrammesinaccordancewitharticle4oftheConvention.54.b..bInrelationwiththegrowingroleofprivateeducationalandhealthinstitutions,theCommitteerecommendsthatastrongeremphasisbeplacedonpubliceducationandthesocialwelfaresystembytheGovernmentwithaviewtoensuringthatallchildrensubjecttothejurisdictionoftheStatepartyenjoythesefundamentalrights,aswellastopreventanyriskofdiscrimination.55.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthedevelopmentofamorecomprehensivesocialpolicywhichwouldincludetheimplementationoftheNationalPlanofActionforChildSurvival,ProtectionandDevelopment.Suchapolicywouldemphasizetheimportanceofhumandevelopment.TheCommitteerecommendsthatfurtherstepsbetakentowardsdecentralizationofsocialservicessoastoaffordchildrenoutsidethecapitalopenandeasyaccesstobasicsocialservicesandeducation.56.b..bTheCommitteewelcomesthestepstakentoreformtheschoolsystemandtoimprovethequalityofeducation,includingathoroughreviewofthecurricula.ItrecommendsmeasurestofullyrealizetheprovisionsoftheConventionrelatingtofreeandcompulsoryprimaryeducationforallchildren.57.b..bInviewoftheprinciplescontainedinarticle29(1)(d)oftheConvention,whichstipulatesthattheeducationofthechildshallbedirectedto"thepreparationofthechildforresponsiblelifeinafreesociety,inthespiritofunderstanding,peace,tolerance,equalityofsexes,andfriendshipamongallpeoples,ethnic,national,religiousgroupsandpersonsofindigenousorigin",theteachingofvaluesisanimportantdimensionthatshouldbeincorporatedinthecurriculaatalllevelsofschooling.Schoolcurriculamaterialsshouldberevisedaccordingly.58.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatthebanofthecommercialmarketingofinfantformulabeimplementedandthatbreast-feedingbepromotedamongmothersinhealthfacilities.Itfurthersuggeststhatahealthinsurancecardbeissuedforchildrenwhoseparentsarenotentitledtosocialsecuritybenefits.59.b..bTheCommitteesuggeststhattheStatepartyundertakeacomprehensivestudytoexaminetheimplicationsoftheprincipleofthe"bestinterestsofthechild"inrelationtolawsandtheirimplementationaswellastoadministrativepracticeinallrelevantfields.XXXOL<6X9`("Courier 10cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiO60.b..bTheCommitteebelievesthatopportunitiesfortheculturaldevelopmentofchildrenarecriticalandrecommendsthatmeasuresbetakentogivechildrenaccesstochildliteratureandmedia.Theneedforplaygroundsandchild-friendlyparksshouldbeconsideredincityplanning.XXXOL<6X9`("Courier 10cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiO61.b..bTheCommitteewelcomesthepolicyofnotallowingcorporalpunishmentinschoolsorotherofficialinstitutionsandrecommendsathoroughreviewoftheproblemofdomesticviolence,includingthepossibilityofstricterlegislationagainstallformsofabuseagainstchildreninthespiritofarticle19oftheConvention,aswellassupportivesocialmeasurestoassistfamiliesincrisis.XXXOL<6X9`("Courier 10cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiO62.b..bTheCommitteesuggeststhatfurthereffortsshouldbeundertakentodisseminateinformationabouttherisksofconsanguineousmarriages,includingthroughthemediaandhealtheducationprogrammes.XXXOL<6X9`("Courier 10cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiO63.b..bTheCommitteesuggeststhatspecialprogrammesbedevelopedforchildrenwithdisabilitiesinordertodefinesocial,psychological,physicalandotherneedsaswellastoeducateparentsaboutwaysofdealingwiththem.Furthereffortsarerecommendedtoencourageschoolstoensuretheparticipationofthesechildreninallactivities.XXXOL<6X9`("Courier 10cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiO64.b..bTheCommitteesuggeststhattheStateparty,incooperationwiththeUnitedNationsReliefandWorksAgencyforPalestineRefugeesintheNearEast,seekwaysofaddressingthesocio-economicproblemsamongPalestinianrefugeesthataffectchildrennegatively.65.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyconsiderratifyingthe1951ConventionrelatingtotheStatusofRefugeesandits1967Protocol.XXXOL<6X9`("Courier 10cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiO66.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartygivecarefulconsiderationtoplacinggreateremphasisonpsycho-socialrecoveryandreintegrationof"passivevictims"ofviolenceandthearmedconflictinLebanon.XXXOL<6X9`("Courier 10cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiO67.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatinthelightofarticle32oftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,furtherstepsbetakentoprotectchildrenfromhazardouswork,includingthroughtheadoptionofstricterlegislation,ratificationofallrelevantInternationalLabourOrganizationConventionsandtheappointmentofasufficientnumberofchildlabourinspectors.XXXOL<6X9`("Courier 10cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiO68.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyenvisageundertakingacomprehensivereformofthejuvenilejusticesysteminthespiritoftheConvention,inparticulararticles37,39,and40,andrelevantUnitedNationsstandardsinthisfieldsuchasthe"BeijingRules",the"RiyadhGuidelines"andtheUnitedNationsRulesfortheProtectionofJuvenilesDeprivedoftheirLiberty.Particularattentionshouldbegiventotheconsiderationofdeprivationoflibertyonlyasameasureoflastresortandfortheshortestperiodoftime,totheprotectionoftherightsofchildrendeprivedofliberty,todueprocessoflaw,andtothefullindependenceandimpartialityofthejudiciary.Trainingprogrammesontherelevantinternationalstandardsshouldbeorganizedforallthoseprofessionalsinvolvedwiththesystemofjuvenilejustice.TheCommitteewouldliketosuggestthattheGovernmentofLebanonconsiderseekinginternationalassistanceintheareaoftheadministrationofjuvenilejusticefromtheCentreforHumanRightsandtheCrimePreventionandCriminalJusticeDivisionoftheUnitedNations(Vienna).XXXOL<6X9`("Courier 10cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiO69.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatrelevantinternationalagenciesandinstitutions,aswellasotherGovernments,developcooperationwithLebaneseauthoritiesandvoluntaryorganizations,inthereconstructioneffortafterthemanyyearsofwardevastation.Displacedpersonsandrefugeesshouldbegivenpriorityinsuchinternationalcooperation.XXXOL<6X9`("Courier 10cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiOO<6X9`("Courier 12cpiO70.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatthereportsubmittedbytheStateparty,thesummaryrecordsofitsconsiderationandtheconcludingobservationsoftheCommitteebedisseminatedaswidelyaspossiblewithinthecountry.b..b2. .. Concludingobservations:Zimbabwe71.b..bTheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofZimbabwe(CRC/C/3/Add.35)atits293rd,294thand295thmeetings(CRC/C/SR.293-295)heldon22and23May1996andadopted M   ׀thefollowingconcludingobservations:@..tA.Introduction72.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsappreciationtotheStatepartyforengaging,throughahigh-levelandmultidisciplinarydelegation,inanopenandfruitfuldialoguewiththeCommittee.Whilenotingtheself-criticalapproachofthereportoftheStateparty,theCommitteeregretsthattheinformationprovidedthereindidnotfollowtheCommittee'sguidelines.@..B.Positiveaspects73.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithappreciationthestepstakenbytheGovernmenttopromotetoleranceanddemocracyinsociety,includingthroughconstitutionalprovisions.Inthisregard,itwelcomestherecentamendmentNo.14totheConstitution,whichprohibitsdiscriminationonthegroundofgender.Itfurthernotesstepstakentocreateawarenessofchildren'srightsaswellastoencouragechildren'sparticipation,includingbyorganizingaChildren'sParliamentandpromotingYouthCouncilsandChildMayors.74.b..bTheCommitteenotestheestablishmentoftheInter-MinisterialCommitteeonHumanRightsandInternationalLawtocoordinateactivitiesofrelevantgovernmentministriesanddepartmentstoimplementtheConvention.TheCommitteewelcomesthedecisionoftheGovernmenttosubmitayearlyreporttoCabinetandParliamentonmeasurestakentoimplementtherightssetforthintheConvention.75.b..bTheCommitteeisencouragedbythecombinedeffortsoftheGovernmentandnon-governmentalorganizationstopromotechildren'srights.76.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithappreciationtheestablishmentoftheOfficeoftheOmbudsmanin1982andwelcomesthedecisiontobroadenitsmandatetoincludetheinvestigationofallegedviolationsofchildren'srightsbymembersofthedefenceforces,thepoliceandcorrectionalofficials.77.b..bTheCommitteewelcomesthemeasurestakenbytheGovernmenttoimprovelivingconditionsandalleviatepoverty,includingthroughtheexpansionoftheincome-generatingcapacityofpeopleintheruralareas.78.b..bTheCommitteewelcomestheintentionoftheGovernmenttoincorporatetheConventionintotheschoolcurricula.ItfurtherwelcomestheattentionpaidbytheGovernmentto"Let'salltalkaboutit",thecampaignagainstAIDSbeingundertakenintheeducationalsystem.79.b..bTheCommitteealsowelcomesthe"victim-friendlycourts"initiativeaimedatprovidingspecialcounsellingfortherehabilitationofvictimsofchildsexualabuse.@.. C.Factorsanddifficultiesimpedingthe # implementationoftheConvention80.b..bTheCommitteenotesthatZimbabwe,priorto1980,hadanon-democraticregimewherelegislationandpoliciesadoptedandimplementedbytheauthoritiesledtoracialsegregationanddiscriminationinsociety.Thecontinuingeffectsofthatsituation,togetherwiththeburdenoftheexternaldebtfacedbytheStatepartyandtherecentdrought,havehamperedimplementationoftheConvention.@.."D.Principalsubjectsofconcern81.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedthattheStatepartyhasnotyetundertakenacomprehensivelegalreformwithaviewtoensuringthatthenationallegislationfullyconformstotheConvention.ItnotesthattheexistenceofadualsystemofcommonlawandcustomarylawcreatesadditionaldifficultiesinimplementingtheConventionandimpedeseffectivemonitoringofitsenforcement.82.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithconcernthatthelegislativemeasurestakentopreventandeliminateanyformofdiscriminationinthelightofarticle2oftheConventionareinsufficient.Itnotesinthisregardthat,accordingtosection23oftheConstitution,theprincipleofnon-discriminationdoesnotapplytoprivateprofessionalsorinstitutions;thesameprovisionallowsforderogationsinimportantareassuchasadoption,marriage,divorceandothermattersofpersonallawandprevents,interalia,girlsfromhavinginheritancerights.Inaddition,itallowsfordiscriminationonthebasisofraceinrelationtotheminimumageformarriage,inheritanceandchildrenbornoutofwedlock.TheCommitteefurthernotesinthisregardthedifferentminimumagesformarriageforgirlsandboysinthelegislation.83.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithconcernthepersistenceofbehaviouralattitudesinthesocietyaswellasculturalandreligiouspracticeswhich,asrecognizedbytheStateparty,hampertheimplementationofchildren'srights.Mentioncanbemadeinthisregardofthedifficultiesinensuringbirthregistrationinremoteareasofabandonedandrefugeechildren,aswellasofthesituationoffemalevictimsofpracticessuchasngozi(girlchildpledging),lobola(brideprice)andearlymarriage,andofdisabledchildren.84.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithconcernthelackofaneffectivemechanismtoensuresystematicimplementationoftheConventionandthemonitoringofprogressachieved.InsufficientmeasureshavebeentakentogatherreliablequantitativeandqualitativedatainallareascoveredbytheConventionandinrelationtoallgroupsofchildren,particularlythosebelongingtothemostdisadvantagedgroups.85.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedthatinsufficientattentionhasbeenpaidtotheprovisionsofarticle4oftheConventionandnotesthepersistenceofeconomicandsocialdisparitiesintheenjoymentoftherightsrecognizedbytheConvention,particularlyinrelationtochildrenlivinginruralareas,childrenoncommercialfarmsandchildrenlivinginpovertyinurbanareas.Itnotesinthisregardthat,asrecognizedbytheStateparty,theintroductionoffeesforhealthcareandeducation,aswellastheinadequatesocialassistancesystem,havenegativelyaffectedtheaccessibilityofsuchservicestolowerincomegroups.86.b..bTheCommitteefurthernotesthatinsufficientattentionhasbeenpaidtotheprincipleofthebestinterestsofthechildbothinlegislationandpractice,aswellastotherespectfortheviewsofthechildinschool,socialandfamilylife.Inthisregard,itisnotedthat,asrecognizedbytheStateparty,thecivilrightsandfreedomsofthechildaretobeexercisedsubjecttoparentalconsentordiscipline,thusraisingdoubtsastothecompatibilityofthispracticewiththeConvention,notablyarticles5and12.87.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedatthenumberoforphansandabandonedchildrenaswellasattheincreaseinchild-headedfamilies,interalia,asaresultofthehighincidenceofAIDS,attheinadequatemeasurestakentoensuretherealizationoftheirfundamentalrightsandatthelackofalternativestotheirinstitutionalization.88.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsconcernattheacceptanceinthelegislationoftheuseofcorporalpunishmentinschool,aswellaswithinthefamily.Itstressestheincompatibilityofcorporalpunishment,aswellasanyotherformofviolence,injury,neglect,abuseordegradingtreatment,withtheprovisionsoftheConvention,inparticulararticles19,28,paragraph2and37.89.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedthatprimaryeducationisneitherfreenorcompulsory.Moreover,itexpressesitsconcernatthelackoflearningandteachingfacilitiesaswellasattheshortageoftrainedteachersinruralareas,andinparticularoncommercialfarms.ItsharestheconcernexpressedbytheGovernmentatthelowqualityofeducation.Thecosttofamiliesofsecondaryeducationareleadingtoanincreasingdrop-outrateforgirls,particularlyinruralareas.TheCommitteenoteswithconcernthegrowingdisparitywithintheeducationsystemowingtotheparallelsystemsofprivateandpublicschoolswhichresultsultimatelyinracialsegregationatschoolonthebasisoftheeconomicstatusofparents.90.b..bWithregardtochildexploitation,theCommitteeisconcernedatthepersistenceofsituationsofchildlabour,includinginagriculture,domesticserviceandoncommercialfarms.Itnoteswithparticularconcernthelackofalegalprohibitionofchildlabour.91.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedatthepresentsystemofjuvenilejustice,includingthelackofaclearlegalprohibitionofcapitalpunishment,lifeimprisonmentwithoutpossibilityofreleaseandindeterminatesentencing,aswellasattherecoursetowhippingasadisciplinarymeasureforboys.@.. E.Suggestionsandrecommendations92.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyundertakeacomprehensivereviewofthenationallegalframework,withaviewtoensuringitsfullcompatibilitywiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.Particularattentionshouldbepaidtoensuringeffectiveimplementationoftheprincipleofnon-discrimination,includingbyrevisingrelevantconstitutionalprovisions,aswellasotherlegislativetextsreflectinganykindofdiscriminationsuchasonthebasisofgender,race,birthormaritalstatus.93.b..bTheCommitteeemphasizestheimportanceofdevelopinganeffectiveandpermanentsystemofmonitoringtheimplementationoftheConventionbasedonclosecooperationbetweenalltherelevantgovernmentministriesanddepartmentsatthenationalandlocallevels,andencouragestheStatepartytopursueitseffortswithaviewtoinstitutionalizingthecollaborationwithnon-governmentalorganizations.94.b..bTheCommitteesuggeststhatthesystemofdatacollectionbeimprovedandappropriatedisaggregatedindicatorsidentifiedwithaviewtoassessingtheprogressachievedinallareascoveredbytheConventioninallpartsofthecountryandinrelationtoallgroupsofchildren.95.b..bTheCommitteeencouragestheGovernmenttopursueitseffortsaimedatbroadeningthemandateoftheOmbudspersonwithaviewtoensuringthatviolationsofchildren'srightsaredulyinvestigated,includingwhencommittedbymembersofthedefenceforces,law-enforcementandcorrectionalofficials,andasameanstosupervisethesituationofchildrenplacedininstitutionsanddetentioncentres.96.b..bTheCommitteeencouragestheGovernmenttoadoptadequatemeasurestopreventandeliminateprevailingsocialattitudesandculturalandreligiouspracticeshamperingtherealizationofchildren'srights.SystematicinformationandawarenesscampaignsshouldbelaunchedtocreateadeeperunderstandingoftheConventionandoftheneedtorespectandprotectchildren'srights.Similarly,trainingactivitiesshouldbedevelopedforprofessionalgroupsworkingwithandforchildren,includingteachers,law-enforcementandcorrectionalofficials,membersofdefenceforces,judges,socialworkersandhealthpersonnel.TheCommitteefurtherencouragestheStatepartytopursuethestepsundertakentoincludetheConventioninschoolcurriculaandtogiveconsiderationtoreflectingitinthetrainingcurricula.97.b..bTheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytoadoptallappropriatemeasurestoensurethebirthregistrationofallchildren,includingthoseborninruralareasandoncommercialfarms,andencouragestheeffortsdesignedtoestablishregistrationunitsatschoolsandclinics.b..b98.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartypayparticularattentiontotheimplementationofarticle4oftheConventionandundertakeallappropriatemeasures,totheextentpossiblewithavailableresources,fortherealizationoftheeconomic,socialandculturalrightsofchildren.Specialattentionshouldbepaidtothesituationofthemostdisadvantagedgroupsofchildren,includingthoselivinginruralareas,poorurbanareasandoncommercialfarms,aswellasorphansorabandonedchildren,andmeasuresshouldbeadoptedwithaviewtoprovidingadequatesafetynetsforsuchchildrenandprotectingthemagainsttheadverseeffectsofreductionsinbudgetaryallocationsandoftheintroductionoffeesinhealthandeducationservices.99.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartytaketheprincipleofthebestinterestsofthechildasaprimaryconsiderationinallactionsconcerningchildren,includingthoseundertakenbycourts,publicorprivatewelfareinstitutions,administrativeauthoritiesorlegislativebodies.TheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytoadoptappropriatemeasurestoassistparentsintheperformanceoftheirchild-rearingresponsibilities.TheCommitteefurtherencouragestheStatepartytoconsiderappropriatealternativestoinstitutionalizationforchildrendeprivedoffamilyenvironment,aswellasspecialprotectionandassistanceforchild-headedfamilies.TheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytoconsiderratifyingtheHagueConventionfortheProtectionofChildrenandCooperationinrespectofInter-CountryAdoptionof1993.100.b..bAppropriatemeasuresshouldalsobeadoptedbytheStatepartywithaviewtoensuringrespectfortheviewsofthechildinfamily,schoolandsociallifeandtopromotingtheexerciseoftherightsbythechildinamannerconsistentwithhisorherevolvingcapacities.101.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyadoptappropriatelegislativemeasurestoforbidtheuseofanyformofcorporalpunishmentwithinthefamilyandinschool.102.b..bSimilarmeasuresshouldbeadoptedtoprohibitchildlabourbelowaminimumageinthelightofarticle32oftheConvention.Inthisregard,theCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytoconsidertherecommendationsmadebytheInternationalLabourOrganizationinitsmissionstatementof1993and,inparticular,toprohibittheemploymentofyoungpersonsbelow18inhazardousactivitiesaswellastomakeeducationfreeandcompulsoryuptoage15.Inthisconnection,theCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytoconsiderseekingassistancefromtheInternationalLabourOrganization.103.b..bInthefieldofjuvenilejustice,theCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyraisetheminimumageofcriminalresponsibilityandincorporateinthelegislationaclearprohibitionofcapitalpunishment,lifeimprisonmentwithoutpossibilityofreleaseandindeterminatesentencingaswellasoftheuseofwhippingasadisciplinarymeasure.104.b..bTheCommitteefurtherrecommendsthatthereportsubmittedbytheStateparty,alongwiththerelevantsummaryrecordsandtheconcludingobservationsthereon,bedisseminatedaswidelyaspossibletothepublic.TheCommitteewouldalsoliketosuggestthatthesedocumentsbebroughttotheattentionofParliamentasameansofensuringafollow-uptosuggestionsandrecommendationsmadebytheCommittee.b..b3. .. Concludingobservations:China105.b..bTheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofChina(CRC/C/11/Add.7)atits298thto300thmeetings(CRC/C/SR.298300),heldon28and29May1996,andadopted N   ׀thefollowingconcludingobservations:@..BA.Introduction106.b..bTheCommitteenotesthattheinitialreportoftheStatepartywaspreparedinaccordancewiththegeneralguidelines.TheCommitteeappreciatestheselfcriticalelementsofthereport,althoughitisnotedthatgreaterfocuswasplacedinthereportonthecontentofdomesticlegalandadministrativeprovisionsthanontheirpracticalapplication.ItalsowelcomestheStateparty'srepliestothewrittenlistofquestionsposedbytheCommittee.107.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithsatisfactionthatdifferentministerialdepartmentsandotherbodieswereinvolvedinthepreparationofthereport.TheCommitteeexpressesitsappreciationtotheStatepartyforhavingensuredthatmanyofthesedepartmentswererepresentedonthedelegationpresentingthereporttotheCommittee.TheCommitteewelcomesthewillingnessoftheStatepartyanditsdelegationtoengageinaconstructivedialoguewiththeCommittee.Itappreciatesthedelegation'sfrankadmissionthatvariousdifficultiesremaintobeovercomebeforetherightsandprinciplesprovidedforintheConventionareguaranteedtoallchildreninChina.@..zB.Positivefactors108.b..bTheCommitteetakesnoteoftheconsiderableimprovementinthegeneralstandardoflivingwhichhasbeenrecordedinrecentyears.TheCommitteefurthernotestheprogrammeoutlinewhichhasbeendevisedatthenationallevelandwhichisintheprocessofbeingdevelopedinall30provincesandautonomousregionsandimplementedasafollowuptothegoalssetintheDeclarationandPlanofActionadoptedbytheWorldSummitforChildrenin1990.NoteisalsotakenthatanoutlineisbeingpreparedasafollowuptotheFourthWorldConferenceonWomenheldinBeijing.109.b..bTheconsiderableprogressachievedbytheStatepartyinreducingtheinfantandunder-fivemortalityrates,especiallythroughtheextensiveeffortsfocusedonsustainingimmunizationcoverage,increasingimmunizationratesandreducingtheincidenceofchildmalnutrition,istobecommended.TheStateparty'scommitmenttoprotecting,promotingandsupportingbreast-feedingaswellastoestablishingchildren'shospitalsisalsowelcomed.110.b..bNoteworthyalsoarethevariousactivitiesundertakenandsupportedbytheStatepartytoincreaseschoolenrolment.TheStateparty'srecognitionoftheimportanceofsupportingeducationasatoolforfosteringsocialandeconomicdevelopmentisnoted.SpecialmentionisaccordedtoProjectHopewhichisdesignedtoassistchildreninpoordistricts,aswellastotheSpringBudsSchemetopromotegirls'enrolmentorreturntoschooltocompletetheirprimaryeducation.111.b..bTheCommitteealsonotestheinformationcontainedinthereportthatvariouslawsandadministrativeregulationsrelevanttotherightsofthechildhavebeendevelopedandintroduced.TheCompulsoryEducationAct,theProtectionofMinorsActandtheProtectionoftheDisabledActandtheworkundertakenbytheHelptheDisabledMovementarenoted.  C.Factorsanddifficultiesimpedingtheimplementation 4 oftheConvention112.b..bTakingintoaccountthefactthatthenumberofchildreninChinarepresentsonefifthofthechildpopulationoftheworldandthatthepopulationisspreadthroughoutthevastterritoryofthecountry,theCommitteenotesthatthetaskfacingChinainmeetingtheneedsofallchildrenunderitsjurisdictionpresentsenormouschallenges,notleastintheeconomicandsocialfields.113.b..bAswasstatedbytheStateparty,thelegacyofcertainhistoricalfeudaltraditionsinpartsofthecountryandthepersistenceofotherharmfulattitudesareadverselyaffectingchildren'slivesandhealthygrowth.@.."D.Principalsubjectsofconcern114.b..bTheCommitteenotestheestablishmentofvariousstructuresforthepromotionandcoordinationoftheimplementationoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChildthoughitremainsconcernedattheinsufficientmeasurestakentoensuretheireffectivenesswithregardtomonitoringtheConvention'simplementationatthenational,provincialandlocallevels.115.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedabouttheprevailingdisparitiesbetweenurbanandruralareasandbetweenregionsinrelationtotheprovisionofandaccesstosocialservices,includingeducation,healthandsocialsecurity.̀116.ItistheCommittee'sviewthatinadequatemeasurestakeninthefieldofsocialsecuritymayhaveledtoanoverrelianceonchildrenprovidingfuturecareandsupporttotheirparents.Thismayhavecontributedtotheperpetuationofharmfultraditionalpracticesandattitudessuchasapreferenceforboys,tothedetrimentoftheprotectionandpromotionoftherightsofgirlsandofdisabledchildren.117.b..bTheCommitteefeelsthereisaneedtoconsiderquestionsrelatingtothedefinitionofthechild,includinginrelationtotheageofcriminalresponsibility,soastoensurethatnationallegislationandrelatedproceduresdulytakeintoconsiderationtheprovisionsandgeneralprinciplesoftheConvention,includingthebestinterestsofthechild.118.b..bIntheviewoftheCommittee,insufficientstepshavebeentakentocreateawarenessoftheprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConvention,notablyitsarticles2,3,6and12,amongadults,includingprofessionalsworkingwithorforchildren,andchildrenthemselves.̇119.b..bWhilenotingthemeasurestakentoconfronttheproblemsofdiscriminationonthegroundsofgenderanddisability,theCommitteeremainsconcernedatthepersistenceofpracticesleadingtocasesofselectiveinfanticide.120.b..bSeriousconcernsremainastotheeffectivenessofmeasurestakentoensuretheregistrationofallchildren,throughthehouseholdregistry.AsacknowledgedbytheStateparty,absenceofregistrationmaybeduetoparents'lackofknowledgeoftherelevantlawandpolicyandofthenegativeeffectsofnonregistrationonchildren'slegalstatus.Themigrationofpeoplefromtheirtraditionalplaceofresidencemaycausesimilardifficulties.Deficienciesintheregistrationsystemleadtochildrenbeingdeprivedofbasicsafeguardsforthepromotionandprotectionoftheirrights,includingintheareasofchildtrafficking,abduction,saleandmaltreatment,abuseorneglect.Inthisconnection,thesituationof"unregisteredgirls"asregardstheirentitlementtohealthcareandeducationisamatterofconcerntotheCommittee.121.b..bTheCommitteeremainsconcernedabouttheactualimplementationofthecivilrightsandfreedomsofchildren.TheCommitteewishestoemphasizethattheimplementationofthechild'srighttofreedomofthought,conscienceandreligionshouldbeensuredinthelightoftheholisticapproachoftheConventionandthatlimitationsontheexerciseofthisrightcanonlybeplacedinconformitywithparagraph3ofarticle14oftheConvention.122.b..bTheCommitteeisextremelyconcernedaboutthesituationofchildrenprovidedwithcareinwelfareinstitutions.TheCommitteeobservesthattheveryhighmortalityrateinsuchinstitutionsisacauseforseriousalarm.WhiletheCommitteeappreciatesthestepsbeingtakentoensure,interalia,theseparationofchildrenfromadultsininstitutionsandinprovidingtrainingtothestaff,itremainsdeeplyconcernedabouttheinadequatemeasuresadoptedtoensurequalitativecaretochildrenasrequiredbyarticle3,paragraph3,oftheConvention.123.b..bTheCommitteesharestheconcernexpressedbytheStatepartyasregardsthenumberofchildreninChinawhostilldonotattendschool.Itisalsoconcernedaboutreportsthatschoolattendanceinminorityareas,includingtheTibetAutonomousRegion,islaggingbehind,thatthequalityofeducationisinferiorandthatinsufficienteffortshavebeenmadetodevelopabilingualeducationsystemwhichwouldincludeadequateteachinginChinese.TheseshortcomingsmaydisadvantageTibetanandotherminoritypupilsapplyingtosecondaryandhigherlevelschools.124.b..bIntheframeworkoftheexerciseoftherighttofreedomofreligionbychildrenbelongingtominorities,inthelightofarticle30oftheConvention,theCommitteeexpressesitsdeepconcerninconnectionwithviolationsofhumanrightsoftheTibetanreligiousminority.StateinterventioninreligiousprinciplesandproceduresseemstobemostunfortunateforthewholegenerationofboysandgirlsamongtheTibetanpopulation.125.b..bTheCommitteeremainsconcernedthatnationallegislationappearstoallowchildrenbetweentheagesof16and18tobesentencedtodeathwithatwo-yearsuspensionofexecution.ItistheopinionoftheCommitteethattheimpositionofsuspendeddeathsentencesonchildrenconstitutescruel,inhumanordegradingtreatmentorpunishment.Further,itisnotedthatunderthePenalCodeajuvenileoffenderagedbetween14and18maylegallybesentencedtolifeimprisonmentforaparticularlyseriouscrime.Althoughthesentenceoflifeimprisonmentmaybereducedonthegroundsof"repentance"or"merit"andjudicialexperienceinChinashowsthatsentencestolifeimprisonmentcanbenefitfromamitigation,theCommitteewishestostressthattheConventionprescribesthatneithercapitalpunishmentnorlifeimprisonmentwithoutthepossibilityofreleaseshallbeimposedforoffencescommittedbypersonsbelowtheageof18.ItistheCommittee'sviewthattheaforementionedprovisionsofnationallawareincompatiblewiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,notablythoseofitsarticle37(a).126.b..bAdditionally,theCommitteeremainsconcernedabouttheextenttowhichadequatesafeguardsareinplacewithinthepresentsystemofjuvenilejusticeinChina.Inthiscontext,theCommitteeexpressesconcernwithrespecttotheaccessofparentsduringthepretrialdetentionoftheirchildren,thepossibilitiesfortheprovisionoflegalassistancetochildren,thesufficiencyofthetimeallocatedforthepreparationofachild'sdefenceaswellasrespectforthepresumptionofinnocenceandtheprincipleofnullumcrimensinelege,nullapoenasinelegeasreflectedinarticle40,paragraph2(a).127.b..bTheCommitteesharestheStateparty'sconcernthattherehasbeenanupsurgeinrecentyearsofkidnappingandabductionofchildren.Inthisconnection,theCommitteewishestoexpressitsseriousconcernabouttheapparentinadequacyofmeasurestakentopreventandcombattheproblemsofthesale,traffickingandsexualexploitationofchildren.@.. E.Suggestionsandrecommendations128.b..bInthelightofthediscussionintheCommitteeonthequestionofthecontinuingneedfortheStateparty'sreservationtoarticle6oftheConventionandtheinformationprovidedbytheStatepartythatitisopentoconsideringmakingadjustmentsinregardtoitsreservation,theCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytoreviewitsreservationtotheConventionwithaviewtoitswithdrawal.129.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatacomprehensivereviewofthedomesticlegalframeworkbeundertaken.SuchareviewrequiresthattheprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConventionserveasbothitsguideandsupportandthatitencompassnotonlynationalbutalsolocal-levellegislativeandadministrativemeasuresimpactingontherightsofthechild.130.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyconsiderthepossibilityofsettingupanindependentinstitutionsuchasanOmbudspersonforchildren'srights.Suchamechanismcanplayanimportantrolebothinmonitoringinstitutionsworkinginthefieldoftherightsofthechild,includingintheareasofwelfare,educationandjuvenilejustice,aswellasincontributingtothemorerapididentificationofemergingproblemsinthesefieldswithaviewtotheirconstructivesolution.131.b..bTheCommittee,intakingnoteoftheactivitiesundertakenthroughouttheStatepartytodevelopandimplementoutlinesforthefollowuptotheWorldSummitforChildren,recommendsthatfutureoutlines,developmentplans,programmesorplansofactionontherightsofthechildbepreparedonthebasisofalltheprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConvention.132.b..bTheStatepartyisurgedtotakefurtheractiontostrengthenitscapacityforasystematicapproachtocollectingdisaggregatedstatisticaldataandotherinformationonthestatusofchildren.TheCommitteerecommendsthatseriousconsiderationbegiventothismatterbytheStatepartyastheanalysisofsuchdataandinformationisoneadditionalandimportantmeansofdesigningprogrammesfortheimplementationoftherightsofthechild.133.b..bItistherecommendationoftheCommitteethattheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChildbewidelydisseminatedthroughoutthecountry,includingthroughthemassmedia,suchasradioandtelevision.ItissuggestedthattheStatepartymaywishtorequestthecooperationoftheUnitedNationsChildren'sFundinthisregard.ThetranslationoftheConventionintothemajornationalminoritylanguageswouldformanintegralpartofthesedisseminationactivities.134.b..bTheCommitteewouldalsoliketorecommendthatmeasuresbetakentoincorporateeducationontheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionintotrainingprogrammesfordifferentprofessionalsworkingwithorforchildren,includingsocialworkers,personnelinwelfareinstitutions,doctors,healthandfamilyplanningworkers,teachers,judges,lawyers,police,personnelindetentionfacilitiesandarmedforcespersonnelaswellasgovernmentofficialsanddecisionmakers.135.b..bAreviewofthepolicyinplacefortheimplementationofarticle4oftheConventionisrecommendedbytheCommittee.TheCommitteewishestoemphasizethatthefocusofanysuchreviewshouldbeinrelationtothemeasuresbeingtakentoreduceregionalandurbanruraldisparitiesintheallocationofresourcesfortherightsofthechild,especiallywithrespecttohealthandeducation.136.b..bEqually,theCommitteerecommendsthatgreaterattentionandconsiderationbegiventotheprovisionofsocialsecurity.ItistheCommittee'sviewthatremedialmeasuresshouldbesoughttoavoidfamilies'overdependenceontheirchildren,inparticularprovidingthemwithcareintheiroldage.137.b..bFurthermeasuresarerequiredtoensuretheimplementationofthegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention.Withregardtoarticle12oftheConvention,itistheCommittee'sviewthatgreaterattentionshouldbeaccordedtoprovidingchildrenwithopportunitiestoparticipateandhavetheirviewsheardandtakenintoaccount.Itisimportantthatawarenessbedevelopedofthechildasasubjectofrightsandnotonlyasarecipientofprotection.TheCommitteesuggeststhatfurtherattentionbeaccordedtoreviewingtheeffectivenessofproceduresavailabletochildrenforthepresentationandinvestigationofcomplaintsoftheirabuseorneglect,intheeventofsuchviolationsarisingfrom,interalia,domesticviolenceandabuseininstitutionsordetentionfacilities.138.b..bTheCommitteeconcurswiththeobservationsoftheStatepartythatconcertedactioniscalledfortoaddresstheproblemsfacedbythegirlchild.WhileacknowledgingthemeasurestakenbytheStatepartyincampaigningandcreatingawarenessamongthepopulationoftheequalityofgirlsandboys,theCommitteesuggeststhatlocalandotherleadersbeinvitedtotakeamoreactiveroleinsupportingtheeffortstopreventandeliminatediscriminationagainstthegirlchildandtoprovideguidancetocommunitiesinthisregard.139.b..bFrominformationprovidedbytheStateparty,theCommitteenotesthat,whiletheincidenceofdisabilityamongthechildpopulationislow,disabledchildrenhavebeenthevictimsofabandonmentanddiscrimination.Inthisregard,theCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyundertakefurtherresearchonthemeasuresrequiredtopreventandcombatdiscriminationonthegroundofdisability.140.b..bItistheCommittee'sviewthatfamilyplanningpolicymustbedesignedtoavoidanythreattothelifeofchildren,particularlygirls.TheCommitteerecommendsinthisregardthatclearguidancebegiventothepopulationandthepersonnelinvolvedinthefamilyplanningpolicytoensurethattheaimsitpromotesareinaccordancewiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,includingthoseofitsarticle24.TheStatepartyisurgedtotakefurtheractionforthemaintenanceofstrongandcomprehensivemeasurestocombattheabandonmentandinfanticideofgirlsaswellasthetrafficking,saleandkidnappingorabductionofgirls.141.b..bTheCommitteeacknowledgestheinformationprovidedbytheStatepartyontheresultsoftwopopulationcensusesconductedin1982and1990andthatthenonregistrationofnewborngirlsisamajorfactorcontributingtotheimbalanceintheratioofboystogirls.TheCommittee,whilenotingthattheStatepartyhasadoptedmeasurestoreducetheunder-reportingofgirlchildren,recommendsthaturgentmeasuresbetakentodevelopmorewidespreadawarenessoftheimportanceofregistration.Inthelightofrecentdevelopmentssuchaspopulationmovementswithinthecountry,theCommitteealsorecommendsthattheStatepartyconsiderthepossibilityofreviewingtheeffectivenessoftheexistingsystemofregistration.142.b..bItistheopinionoftheCommitteethatfurthermeasuresshouldbetakenbytheStatepartytopromotethepossibilitiesforchildren,particularlythosewhohavebeenabandoned,togrowupinahomelikeenvironmentthrough,interalia,fosteringandadoption.TheCommitteealsosuggeststhattheStatepartyreviewthepresentlegislationonadoption,inthelightoftheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,notablythoseofitsarticles20and21,soastoevaluatetheeffectivenessofnationallegislationinfacilitatingdomesticadoption.143.b..bTheStatepartyisurgedtotakefurtheractiontoimprovethesituationofchildreninwelfareinstitutions.Inthisregard,theCommitteewishestodrawtheparticularattentionoftheStatepartytotheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,notablythoseofitsarticles3(3)and25.TheCommitteerecommendsthatafurtherreviewofthetrainingprovidedtothestaffofsuchinstitutionsbeundertaken.Thetrainingshouldbereviewedfromtheperspectiveofsecuringthemosteffectivepedagogical,professionalandchildorientedapproachtotheprovisionofcare.Measuresarealsorequiredtoensuretheeffectivesupervisionofstaffandtheperiodicreviewofthetreatmentprovidedtochildreninsuchinstitutions.InthelightofotherissuesraisedduringthedialoguewiththeStateparty,theCommitteealsosuggeststhatfurtherconsiderationbegiventoreviewingthesystemsinplaceformonitoringwelfareinstitutionsandforprovidingsuchinstitutionswithadequatefinancing.Withintheframeworkoffacilitatingaccesstoknowledgeandthesharingofexpertiseandexperiencesonthesematters,includinginthelightoftheprovisionsofarticles4,23,24,28and45oftheConvention,theCommitteesuggeststhatconsiderationbegiventothepossibilityofinvitingtheUnitedNationsChildren'sFund,theWorldHealthOrganizationandtheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationtocooperatewiththeStatepartyinthisregard.144.b..bTheCommitteesuggeststhatareviewbeundertakenofmeasurestoensurethatchildrenintheTibetAutonomousRegionandotherminorityareasareguaranteedfullopportunitiestodevelopknowledgeabouttheirownlanguageandcultureaswellastolearntheChineselanguage.Stepsshouldbetakentoprotectthesechildrenfromdiscriminationandtoensuretheiraccesstohighereducationonanequalfooting.145.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyseekaconstructiveresponsetotheconcernsexpressedinparagraph20above.146.b..bTheCommitteeconcurswiththecontentsoftheobservationsadoptedbytheCommitteeagainstTorturewherethepointsraisedarerelevanttothesituationofchildrenbelowtheageof18.TheCommitteerecommendsthatathoroughreviewofthelegislativeandadministrativemeasuresandproceduresinplacewithintheStatepartyinrelationtojuvenilejusticebereviewedtoensuretheirconformitywiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,notablyitsarticles37,39and40,andotherinstrumentsrelevanttothefieldoftheadministrationofjuvenilejustice,inparticularthe"BeijingRules",the"RiyadhGuidelines"andtheUnitedNationsRulesfortheProtectionofJuvenilesDeprivedoftheirLiberty.TheCommitteewouldliketosuggestthattheStatepartyconsiderthepossibilityofrequestingassistanceinthisregardfromtherelevantUnitedNationsbodies,includingtheCentreforHumanRights.147.b..bWithregardtotheissueofchildlabour,theCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytoconsiderthepossibilityofbecomingapartytoILOConventionNo.138concerningtheminimumageforemployment.148.b..bFinally,theCommitteerecommendsthatthewidestdisseminationbegiventotheStateparty'sreport,thediscussiononthereportintheCommitteeandtheconcludingobservationstheCommitteeadoptedfollowingexaminationofthereport.149.b..bInthelightoftheprovisionsofarticle44,paragraph4,oftheConvention,theCommitteerequeststhatfurtherwritteninformationbeprovidedtotheCommitteewithrespecttotheconcernsraisedinparagraphs18,21,22and23ofthepresentobservations.TheCommitteewouldappreciatereceivingthisinformationbyDecember1997.b..b4. .. Concludingobservations:Nepal150.b..bTheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofNepal(CRC/C/3/Add.34)atits301stto303rdmeetings(CRC/C/SR.301303),heldon29and30May1996andadopted O   ׀thefollowingconcludingobservations:@..tA.Introduction151.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsappreciationtotheGovernmentofNepalforthesubmissionofitsinitialreport,itswritteninformationinreplytothequestionssetoutinthelistofissues(CRC/C.12/WP.3)aswellastheadditionalinformationprovidedbytheStatepartyduringthedialoguewiththeCommitteeduringwhichtherepresentativesoftheStatepartyindicatedinaselfcriticalmannernotonlythepolicyandprogrammedirections,butalsothedifficultiesencounteredduringimplementationoftheConvention.@..B.Positiveaspects152.b..bTheCommitteenotestheeffortsmadebytheGovernmentinthefieldoflawreform,especiallytheadoptionofanewConstitutionwithaspecialsectiontoensuretherightsofthechildandtheChildren'sActwhichcoversmanyareasconcerningchildren'srights.TheCommitteenoteswithappreciationthattheGovernmentiswillingtoreviewitspresentlegislationincludinginrelationtotheprohibitionoftortureandothercruel,inhumanordegradingtreatmentorpunishment,aswellasasystemofcompensationtothevictims.ItalsowelcomesthefactthatthedelegationhasconfirmedtheGovernment'swillingnesstoratifyInternationalLabourOrganizationConventionNo.138.153.b..bTheCommitteewelcomestheGovernment'seffortstoestablishmechanismstodealwithchildren'sissuesandthequestionofchildren'srights,inparticulartheCentralChildWelfareBoardandtheDistrictChildWelfareBoards.ItalsonoteswithsatisfactiontherecentestablishmentofaNationalCouncilforWomenandChildDevelopmentandofaChildandWomenDevelopmentSectionintheNationalPlaningCommissionSecretariat.154.b..bTheCommitteealsonoteswithappreciationtheopennessoftheStatepartytointernationaladviceandtechnicalassistancetoensurefullimplementationoftheprovisionsoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,includinginthefieldsofdiscrimination,childlabour,childtrafficking,saleofchildren,andtheadministrationofjuvenilejustice.155.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithsatisfactionthattheStatepartyhasadoptedaNationalPlanofActionandhasformulateda10-YearNationalProgrammeofActionforChildrenandDevelopmentforthe1990s.156.b..bTheCommitteewelcomesthereadinessoftheStatepartytocollaboratewiththenongovernmentalorganizationcommunity,includingchildren'sorganizations,whichwasreflectedinthedraftingprocessoftheGovernment'sreportandinthepresenceduringthedialogueofachildrepresentativeofanongovernmentalorganization.157.b..bTheCommitteewelcomesthedecisionoftheGovernmenttoholdapressconferenceinNepalpriortotheconsiderationbytheCommitteeofitsinitialreport,asameanstocreateawarenessinthepublicatlargeoftheinternationalcommitmentsundertakentopromoteandprotectchildren'srights.ItisfurtherencouragedbythestatementbythedelegationthatitwillpresenttheconcludingobservationsoftheCommitteeinanotherpressconferenceuponreturntoNepal.  C.Factorsanddifficultiesimpedingtheimplementation 4 oftheConvention158.b..bTheCommitteenotesthatNepalisoneofthepoorestcountriesoftheworldwheremorethanhalfthepopulationlivesinabsolutepovertywhichmainlyaffectsthemostvulnerablegroupsandhamperstheenjoymentofchildren'srights.Thisreality,addedtotheforeigndebtandthedebtservicing,representsseriousdifficultiesaffectingthedegreeoffulfilmentoftheGovernment'sobligationsundertheConvention.@.."D.Principalsubjectsofconcern159.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedattheinadequatemeasuresadoptedtoensurethatnationallegislationfullyconformswiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.TheCommitteenotesinparticularthelackofconformityoflegislativeprovisionsconcerningnondiscriminationincludinginrelationtomarriage,inheritanceandparentalproperty,tortureandcorporalpunishment.TheCommitteeisalsoconcernedaboutthegapbetweenexistinglegislationanditspracticalimplementation.160.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsconcernthattheStatepartyhasnotfullytakenintoaccountinitslegislationandpolicymakingthegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention:article2(principleofnondiscrimination),article3(principleofthebestinterestsofthechild),article6(righttolife,survivalanddevelopment)andarticle12(respectfortheviewsofthechild).161.b..bTheCommitteeisparticularlyconcernedattheinsufficientmeasuresadoptedtoensuretheeffectiveimplementationoftheprincipleofnon-discrimination.Itnotesthepersistentdiscriminatoryattitudestowardsgirls,asreflectedintheprevailingsonpreference,thepersistenceofearlymarriages,thenotablylowerschoolattendanceofgirlsandtheirhigherdrop-outrate.Italsoisconcernedatthedifferentmarriageageofgirlsandboyswhichisnotinconformitywitharticle2oftheConvention.TheCommitteeisfurtherconcernedatthecastesystemandtraditionssuchasthedeuki,kumarianddevis.TheCommitteealsoexpressesitsconcernatsection7oftheChildren'sActwhichallowsparents,membersofthefamilyandteacherstobeatachild"ifitisthoughttobeintheinterestofthechild",aswellasatthefactthat,asrecognizedintheStateparty'sreport,theviewsofthechildareunlikelytoberespected.Thepersistenceofsuchtraditionalpracticesandattitudesseriouslyhamperstheenjoymentoftherightsofthechild.162.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedattheslowpaceoftheStatepartyinestablishinganefficientcoordinationmechanismbetweenrelevantministries,aswellasbetweencentralandlocalauthorities,intheimplementationofpoliciesforthepromotionandprotectionoftherightsofthechild.163.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedattheinsufficientattentionpaidtosystematicandcomprehensivedatacollection,identificationofappropriateindicators,aswellastoamonitoringmechanismforallareascoveredbytheConventionandinrelationtoallgroupsofchildren,includingchildrenbelongingtominorities,tolowercastes,childrenofverypoorfamilies,childreninruralareas,disabledchildren,childrenplacedininstitutions,childrenvictimsofsale,traffickingandprostitutionandchildrenlivingand/orworkingonthestreets.164.b..bAsregardstheimplementationofarticle4oftheConvention,theCommitteeisconcernedaboutthefailureoftheGovernmenttoaccordprioritytotheimplementationofeconomic,socialandculturalrightsofchildrentothemaximumextentofavailableresources.IntheviewoftheCommittee,insufficientattentionhasbeenpaidtothemostdisadvantagedgroups,inbothruralandurbanareas.165.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedattheinsufficientstepsundertakentoensurebirthregistrationofchildren,particularlythoselivinginremoteareas,andtotheadverseeffectsarisingtherefromfortheenjoymentoftheirfundamentalrights.166.b..bTheCommitteeisworriedbythehighrateofschooldropouts,especiallyamonggirlslivinginruralareas,andthehighincidenceofchildlabour.Itisalsoconcernedbythedifficultiesencounteredbychildrenlivinginruralandremoteareasanddisabledchildreninsecuringbasicservices,suchashealthcare,socialservicesandeducation.167.b..bInthelightofarticle28,theCommitteewishestoexpressitsdeepconcernaboutthefactthatprimaryeducationisnotcompulsoryforallchildren.Itisalsoconcernedbythehighlevelofilliteracyamongchildrenandadults.168.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedthatappropriatemeasureshavenotyetbeentakentoeffectivelypreventandcombatanyformofilltreatmentandcorporalpunishmentofchildrenwithinthefamily.Itisseriouslyworriedabouttheabsenceofadequatelegislationandmechanismsdesignedtoensuretherecoveryandreintegrationofchildvictimsinthelightofarticle39oftheConvention.169.b..bThelargeandgrowingnumberofchildrenwho,owingtoruralexodus,extremepoverty,andviolenceandabusewithinthefamily,areforcedtoliveonthestreets,aredeprivedoftheirfundamentalrightsandareexposedtovariousformsofexploitation,isamatterofdeepconcern.170.b..bTheCommitteeisworriedaboutthefactthatalargenumberofchildrenareinvolvedinchildlabour,includingintheinformalsector,particularlyasdomesticservants,inagricultureandinthefamilycontext.171.b..bInviewofthescaleoftheproblemofsaleandtraffickingofchildren,especiallygirls,theCommitteeisdeeplyconcernedabouttheabsenceofaspecificlawandpolicytocombatthisphenomena.172.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedbytheincreasingphenomenonofchildprostitutionthataffectsinparticularchildrenbelongingtothelowercastes.Itisworriedabouttheabsenceofmeasurestocombatthisphenomenonandthelackofrehabilitationmeasures.TheCommitteeisalsoconcernedattheinadequatemeasurestakentoaddressthesituationofchildrenaddictedtodrugs.173.b..bThesituationoftheadministrationofjuvenilejusticeandinparticularitscompatibilitywitharticles37and40oftheConvention,aswellasotherrelevantstandardssuchasthe"BeijingRules",the"RiyadhGuidelines"andtheUnitedNationsRulesfortheProtectionofJuvenilesDeprivedoftheirLiberty,isamatterofconcerntotheCommittee.Itisconcerned,interalia,aboutthetoolowageofcriminalresponsibility,abouttheprovisionoftheMulukiAinNo.2thatallowsmentallyillchildrentobeputinjailandchained,andthelegaldefinitionoftorturewhichisnotincompliancewitharticle37(a)oftheConvention.@.. E.Suggestionsandrecommendations174.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyundertake,inallnecessaryareas,adequatelegalreformtoensurefullconformityofitslegislationwithalltheprovisionsoftheConvention,inparticularthatittakefullyintoaccounttheConvention'sgeneralprinciples(arts.2,3,6and12).175.b..bInordertoeffectivelycombatpersistingdiscriminatoryattitudesandnegativetraditionsaffectinggirls,theCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytolaunchacomprehensiveandintegratedpublicinformationcampaignaimedatpromotingchildren'srightswithinthesociety,andparticularlywithinthefamily.TheCommitteealsorecommendsthattheStatepartyensurespecifictrainingontheConventionforprofessionalgroupsworkingwithandforchildren,includingteachers,socialworkers,healthpersonnel,judgesandlawenforcementofficials.Internationalcooperationwith,interalia,theCentreforHumanRightsandtheUnitedNationsChildren'sFundcouldbesoughttothiseffect.176.b..bTheCommitteeisoftheopinionthatgreatereffortsarerequiredtomaketheprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConventionwidelyknownandunderstoodbyadultsandchildrenalike,inthelightofarticles12and42oftheConvention.ItencouragestheStatepartytofurtherincreasepublicawarenessoftheparticipatoryrightsofchildren,aswellastoconsiderincorporatingtheConventionintheschoolcurriculum.177.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartytakeallnecessarystepstostrengthencoordinationbetweenthedifferentgovernmentalmechanismsinvolvedinchildren'srights,atbothcentralandlocallevels,andensureclosecooperationwithnon-governmentalorganizations.178.b..bTheCommitteefurtherrecommendsthattheStatepartyundertaketogatherallnecessaryinformationonthesituationofchildreninthevariousareascoveredbytheConventionandinrelationtoallgroupsofchildren,includingthosebelongingtothemostvulnerablegroups.ItalsosuggeststhatamultidisciplinarymonitoringsystembeestablishedtoassesstheprogressachievedanddifficultiesencounteredintherealizationoftherightsrecognizedbytheConventionatthecentralandlocallevels,payingparticularattentiontotheadverseeffectsofeconomicpoliciesonchildren.SuchamonitoringsystemshouldenabletheStatepartytoshapeappropriatepoliciesandtocombatprevailingsocialdisparitiesandtraditionalprejudices.TheCommitteealsoencouragestheStatepartytoconsidertheestablishmentofanindependentmechanism,suchasanOmbudspersonorahumanrightscommission,tomonitortherealizationoftherightsofthechildandtodealwithindividualcomplaintsrelatingthereto.179.b..bWithrespecttotheimplementationofarticle4oftheConvention,theCommitteerecommendsthatparticularattentionbepaidtotheneedtoensurebudgetallocations,tothemaximumextentofavailableresources,toimplementeconomic,socialandculturalrightsinthelightoftheprinciplesofnon-discriminationandthebestinterestsofthechild.Internationalcooperationresourcesshouldbechannelledtowardstherealizationofchildren'srightsandeffortsshouldbepursuedtoreducethenegativeimpactofforeigndebtanddebtservicingonchildren.180.b..bChildren'sbirthregistrationshouldbegivenprioritytoensurethateverychildisrecognizedasapersonandenjoyshis/herfullrights.TheCommitteeencouragesfurtherstepstoensurethebirthregistrationofchildren,includingtheestablishmentofmobileregistrationofficesandregistrationunitsinschools.181.b..bInthelightofarticle2oftheConvention,theCommitteealsorecommendsthattheStatepartytakeallnecessarymeasurestoreducethedrop-outrateofgirlsinruralandurbanareasandtopreventtheirinvolvementinchildlabourorprostitution,andtoreinforcetheaccesstobasicservices(health,educationandsocialcare)forchildreninruralareasandfordisabledchildrenthroughoutthecountry.TheGovernmentshouldinparticulartakeconcretemeasures,includingawarenesscampaignstochangenegativeattitudes,toprotectchildrenbelongingtothelowestcastesfromanyformofexploitation.182.b..bInordertopromotetheprotectionofrefugeechildren,theCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytoconsiderratifyingthe1951ConventionrelatingtotheStatusofRefugees.183.b..bInthelightofarticle19oftheConvention,theCommitteefurtherrecommendsthattheGovernmenttakeallappropriatemeasures,includingofalegislativenature,tocombatanyformofill-treatmentandsexualabuseofchildren,includingwithinthefamily.Itsuggests,interalia,thattheauthoritiesgatherinformationandinitiateacomprehensivestudytoimprovetheunderstandingofthenatureandscopeoftheproblemandsetupsocialprogrammestopreventalltypesofchildabuseandneglect.184.b..bTheCommitteefurtherrecommendsthatfirmmeasuresbetakentoensuretherightofsurvivalofallchildreninNepal,includingthosewholiveand/orworkinthestreets.Suchmeasuresshouldaimattheeffectiveprotectionofchildrenagainstanyformofexploitation,particularlychildlabour,prostitution,drug-relatedactivitiesandchildtraffickingandsale.185.b..bInregardtotheproblemofchildlabour,theCommitteesuggeststhatNepalconsiderratifyingILOConventionNo.138concerningtheminimumageforadmissiontoemploymentandreviewallrelevantnationallegislationwithaviewtobringingitintoconformitywiththeConventionontheRightsoftheChildandotherrelevantinternationalstandards.Childlabourlawsshouldbeenforced,asystemofinspectionestablished,complaintsinvestigatedandseverepenaltiesimposedincaseofviolation.Specialattentionshouldbepaidtotheprotectionofchildreninvolvedintheinformalsector,includingasdomesticservants.TheCommitteesuggeststhattheGovernmentconsiderseekingcooperationfromILOinthisarea.186.b..bInordertoeffectivelycombatintercountrytraffickingandsaleofchildren,theCommitteestronglysuggeststhatNepaltakeallappropriatemeasures,includinglegislativeandadministrativeones,andencouragestheStatepartytoconsideradoptingbilateralmeasurestopreventandeliminatesuchphenomena.Awarenesscampaignsshouldbedevelopedatthecommunitylevelandathoroughmonitoringsystemshouldbeestablished.187.b..bInthefieldoftheadministrationofjuvenilejustice,theCommitteerecommendsthatlegalreformbepursuedandtakefullyintoaccounttheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,inparticulararticles37,39and40,andotherrelevantinternationalstandardsinthisfield,suchasthe"BeijingRules",the"RiyadhGuidelines"andtheUnitedNationsRulesfortheProtectionofJuvenilesDeprivedoftheirLiberty.Particularattentionshouldbepaidtoraisingtheminimumageofcriminalresponsibility,theestablishmentofjuvenilecourts,theenforcementofexistinglegislation,thepreventionofjuveniledelinquency,alternativestodeprivationoflibertyandinstitutionalcare,theprotectionoftherightsofchildrendeprivedofliberty,respectforfundamentalrightsandlegalsafeguardsinallaspectsofthejuvenilejusticesystem,andthefullindependenceandimpartialityofthejuvenilejudiciary.Thelawpermittingtheplacementofmentallydisturbedchildreninjailsshouldbereviewedasamatterofurgency.188.b..bTheCommitteesuggeststhatatechnicalassistanceprogrammebedevelopedwiththeCentreforHumanRights,includingintheareasoflawreforminthefieldofchildren'srightsandtrainingofprofessionalsworkingwithchildren.Specialattentionshouldbepaidtotrainingprogrammesontherelevantinternationalstandards,inparticularforjudges,lawenforcementofficials,correctionalofficersandsocialworkers.AttentionshouldalsobegiventoawarenessandinformationcampaignsontheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.Moreover,considerationshouldbepursuedinrelationtotheestablishmentofacommissiononhumanrightsorotherindependentmechanismstomonitortherealizationofchildren'srightsissues.̇189.b..bInthelightoftheareasofconcernidentifiedbytheCommitteeandtherecommendationsmade,theCommitteesuggeststhattheGovernmentconsiderseekingtechnicalassistancefromrelevantinternationalorganizations,includingtheInternationalLabourOrganization,theUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees,theUnitedNationsChildren'sFundandtheWorldHealthOrganization.ConsiderationmaybegiventotheestablishmentofataskforceoftheinternationalorganizationspresentinthecountrywithaviewtopromotingandprotectingtherightssetforthintheConvention.TheCommitteealsoencouragestheinternationalcommunitytoassisttheStatepartyinitscurrentefforts.190.b..bTheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytodisseminatewidelyitsinitialreport,thesummaryrecordsofthediscussionandtheconcludingobservationsadoptedbytheCommitteefollowingitsconsiderationofthereport.TheCommitteewouldliketosuggestthatthesedocumentsbebroughttotheattentionofParliamentasameansofensuringafollow-uptosuggestionsandrecommendationsmadebytheCommittee.b..b5. .. Concludingobservations:Guatemala1921.3  b..bTheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofGuatemala(CRC/C//3/Add.33)atits306thto308thmeetings(CRC/C/SR.306-308),heldon3and4June1996,andadopted Q   ׀thefollowingconcludingobservations:@..BA.Introduction1922.3  b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsappreciationtotheStatepartyforitsreportanditsrepliestotheCommittee'slistofquestionsaswellasfortheinformationprovidedonthemostrecentmeasurestakentoimplementtheConvention.1923.3  b..bTheopennessoftheStateparty'shigh-leveldelegationinacknowledgingtheproblems,difficultiesandchallengesfacingtheStatepartyinimplementingtheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionishighlyappreciated.TheCommitteeexpressesitsappreciationtotheStatepartyforengaginginaconstructivedialogueandforitswillingnesstotakeintoaccounttherecommendationsmadebytheCommittee.@..B.Positivefactors194.b..bTheCommitteewelcomesthestepstakentosecureadurablepeacewithinGuatemala,particularlybyenhancingtheenjoymentofhumanrights,includingfortheindigenouspeoples.Inthisconnection,theCommitteenotestheadoptionoftheAgreementontheIdentityandRightsofIndigenousPeoplesandtheAgreementonSocio-EconomicAspectsandtheAgrarianSituation.TheratificationbyGuatemalaofInternationalLabourOrganizationConventionNo.169concerningIndigenousandTribalPeoplesinIndependentCountriesisalsowelcomed.195.b..bFurtherpositivedevelopmentsasevidencedbythesigningoftheComprehensiveAgreementonHumanRights,theAgreementonResettlementofthePopulationGroupsUprootedbytheArmedConflict,andtheestablishmentoftheUnitedNationsMissioninGuatemala(MINUGUA),particularlyitshumanrightscomponent,arenotedwithinterest.Additionalmeasurestakenwithaviewtostrengtheningthemonitoringandimplementationofhumanrightsarenoted.Inthisregard,theCommitteenoteswithsatisfactiontheestablishmentoftheOfficeoftheHumanRightsProcuratoranditsChildren'sOmbudsman.196.b..bTheestablishmentofthePresidentialCommissionforCoordinatingPolicyintheFieldofHumanRightsandtheworkoftheSocialCommitteewithintheCabinetofMinistersarealsonotedwithinterest,especiallyasregardstheformulationofpoliciesforimprovingthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentofthemostvulnerablegroupsinGuatemalansociety.@..C.Factorsanddifficulties197.b..bOver30yearsofarmedconflictinthecountryhaveleftalegacyofhumanrightsviolations,impunityandaclimateoffearandintimidationwhichhamperstheconfidenceofthepopulationintheabilityofproceduresandmechanismstoensurerespectforhumanrights.198.b..bThedecadesofconflictaffectingsocietyhaveresultedinthefrequentuseofviolence,includingwithinthefamily.199.b..bAsrecognizedbytheStateparty,therootcausesofthearmedconflictneedtobetackled,embeddedastheyareinsocio-economicdisparitiesandunevenlanddistributionaswellasinhistoricalsocialcontrastswithinthecountry.Highlevelsofpovertyandilliteracyanddiscriminationagainsttheindigenouspopulationandthoselivinginpovertycontributetowidespreadviolationsofhumanrights.200.b..bProblemsrelatingtothesituationofrefugees,internallydisplacedand"returnees"havealsoarisenoutofthearmedconflict.Inthisconnection,thedifficulttaskofmeetingtheneedsandexpectationsofthepopulationwhichremainedinorfledfromthecountryduringtheperiodofarmedconflictisrecognized.@.."D.Principalsubjectsofconcern201.b..bTheinadequacyofmeasuresadoptedtoallocateprioritytotheimplementationoftheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionandtheabsenceofanationalpolicyforchildrenaremattersofconcerntotheCommittee.202.b..bTheCommitteeisequallyconcernedaboutthelackofmeasurestoharmonizenationallegislationwiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.ItisespeciallyconcernedthattheMinorsCodecurrentlyinforceinGuatemalacontainsprovisionswhichareincompatiblewiththeConventionanddoesnotaddressalltherightsrecognizedbytheConvention.203.b..bTheCommitteeisdeeplyconcernedabouttheinsufficienteffortstocollectdisaggregatedstatisticaldataandtoidentifyappropriatequalitativeandquantitativeindicatorsonthesituationofchildren,particularlythosebelongingtothemostdisadvantagedgroups,includingthoselivingandworkinginthestreet,victimsofabuse,neglectorill-treatmentandinternallydisplacedchildren.204.b..bTheCommitteeisoftheviewthatinsufficientmeasureshavebeenadoptedtopromotewidespreadawarenessoftheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventiontoadultsandchildrenalike,particularlytothosebelongingtoindigenouspopulations,inthelightofarticle42oftheConvention.ThefailuretoprovidesufficientactivitiestotrainandeducateprofessionalsworkingwithorforchildrenabouttheConventionistoberegretted.205.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedaboutlacunaeidentifiedinnationallegislation.Inthisconnection,thefailuretoprovideforanageforthecompletionofcompulsoryeducationasrequiredbytheConstitutionofGuatemalaaswellasbyarticle2ofILOConventionNo.138isamatterofconsiderableconcerntotheCommittee.Equally,theCommitteeisdeeplyconcernedthatnationallegislationdoesnotprohibitcapitalpunishmentorlifeimprisonmentwithoutthepossibilityofrelease,asrequiredbytheprovisionsofarticle37(a)oftheConvention.Moreover,theabsenceinnationallegislationofaminimumageforcriminalresponsibilitycausesdeepconcerntotheCommittee.Similarly,thelowageofmarriageforgirls,whichisdifferentfromtheoneforboys,is,intheCommittee'sview,alsoincompatiblewiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.206.b..bInviewofthehistoricaldisparitiesaffectingindigenouschildrenandchildrenbelongingtogroupslivingbelowthepovertyline,aswellasgirls,theCommitteeisconcernedabouttheadequacyofmeasurestoensuretheeffectiveimplementationoftheeconomic,socialandculturalrightsofchildrenatthenational,regionalandlocallevels,inthelightofarticles2,3and4oftheConvention.207.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedattheinsufficientsupportgiventofamiliesfacingsevereproblemsinfulfillingtheirresponsibilitiesasregardstheupbringingoftheirchildren.TheCommitteesharestheconcernexpressedbytherepresentativeoftheStatepartyatthewidespreadseveremalnutritionandattheinadequaciesofdataandstatisticsmonitoringnutrition.208.b..bParticularconcernisexpressedattheinadequatemeasurestakentoensuretheeffectiveimplementationofthegeneralprinciplesoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChildbothinlegislationandinpractice.209.b..bDeficienciesinthesystemofbirthregistrationareofdeepconcerntotheCommitteesincethefailuretoregisterchildrenpreventsthemfrombeingrecognizedaspersons,fromhavingaccesstoeducationandhealthservicesandfrombeingprotectedagainsttraffickinginandillegaladoptionofchildren.̀210.b..bTheCommitteeisdeeplyalarmedatthepersistenceofviolenceagainstchildren,includingatthereportedinformationonthe84childrenkilled.Thehighnumberofchildvictimsofviolenceraisesseriousconcern,particularlyinviewoftheineffectivenessofinvestigationsintocrimescommittedagainstchildrenwhichpavesthewayforwidespreadimpunity.211.b..bTheCommitteenoteswithconcerntheinformationprovidedbytheStatepartythatanillegaladoptionnetworkhasbeenuncoveredandthatthemechanismstopreventandcombatsuchviolationsofchildren'srightsareinsufficientandineffective.212.b..bDespitetheconsiderableprogressachievedinrecentyearsinimprovinginfantandmaternalcare,theCommitteeremainsconcernedabouttherelativelyhighmaternal,infantandunder-fivemortalityrates.TheCommitteeobservesthatsomefactorscontributingtohighmaternaldeathsmayberelatedtotheinadequaciesofthetraininggiventobirthattendantsandofhomedeliveries.ItisalsotheviewoftheCommitteethatmanyproblemsremainwithrespecttothereproductivehealthofwomen,thelowbirthweightofchildrenbeingapossiblemanifestationofthisfact.213.b..bTheCommitteeisseriouslyconcernedthatthemajorityofchildrenofschoolagearenotattendingschool,butareinvolvedbothintheinformalandformalworksectors.Moreover,theCommitteeisdisturbedabouttheinadequacyandineffectivenessofthemeasuresdesignedtoensuretheestablishmentofappropriatestandardsandtomonitortheworkingconditionsofchildrenwhensuchactivitiesarecompatiblewitharticle32oftheConvention.TheCommitteeisseriouslyconcernedatthepersistenceofchildlabourandaboutthelackofaccurateassessmentbytheGovernmentofthedimensionsofthephenomenoninthecountry.214.b..bThejuvenilejusticesystemintheStatepartyraisesseriousconcernintheCommittee,inparticularthesystemofirregularbehaviour(conductairregular).TheCommitteeisfurtherconcernedaboutthelackofspecializedtrainingofprofessionalsworkinginthefieldofjuvenilejustice,whichhamperseffortstoensuretheindependenceofthejudiciaryandthecapacityofthesystemtoeffectivelyinvestigatecrimescommittedagainstchildrenandunderminesmeasurestoeradicateimpunity.&  @.. E.Suggestionsandrecommendations215.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatchildren'sissuesbeaccordedahigherpriorityintheStateparty.ItistheCommittee'sviewthatthedevelopment'  ofaglobalandnationalpolicyonchildrenmustbeattendedtourgently.TheCommitteealsorecommendsthattheStatepartyadoptallthenecessarymeasurestoensurethatitsnationallegislationfullyconformstotheConvention.Inthisregard,andinrecognitionoftheimportanceofensuringanintegratedlegalapproachtochildren'srightsinthelightoftheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,theCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytopursueitseffortsaimedattheadoptionofaCodeonChildrenandAdolescents.216.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatlegislativemeasuresbeundertakentoensurethatnationallegislationconformswiththeprovisionsofarticles37and40oftheConvention,includingestablishingaminimumageofcriminalresponsibility.TheCommitteealsorecommendsthattheStatepartysettheageforcompletionofcompulsoryschoolingat15andconsiderraisingtheminimumageofemploymentto15.Further,theCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyreviewitslegislationontheageofmarriageforgirlsinthelightoftheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,notablythoseofitsarticles2,3and24,withaviewtoraisingitandensuringthesameageforgirlsandboys.217.b..bTheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytopursueitseffortstostrengthentheinstitutionalframeworkforthepromotionandprotectionofhumanrightsingeneralandtherightsofthechild,inparticular.TheCommitteerecommendsthatapermanentandmultidisciplinarymechanismbedevelopedforcoordinatingandimplementingtheConventionatthenationalandlocallevelsandinurbanandruralareas.TheCommitteealsoencouragesthepromotionofclosecooperationwithnon-governmentalorganizationsinthisregard.218.b..bTheCommitteefurtherrecommendsthattheStatepartygivepriorityattentiontothedevelopmentofasystemofdatacollectionandtotheidentificationofappropriatedisaggregatedindicatorswithaviewtoaddressingallareasoftheConventionandallgroupsofchildreninsociety.Suchmechanismscanplayavitalroleinsystematicallymonitoringthestatusofchildrenandevaluatingtheprogressachievedandthedifficultieshamperingtherealizationofchildren'srights,andcanbeusedasabasisfordesigningprogrammestoimprovethesituationofchildren,particularlythosebelongingtothemostdisadvantagedgroups,includinggirls,childrenlivinginruralareasandindigenouschildren.ItisfurthersuggestedthattheStatepartyrequestinternationalcooperationinthisregard,particularlyfromtheUnitedNationsChildren'sFund.̀219.b..bInviewoftheStateparty'swillingnesstodevelopacultureofhumanrightsandtochangeattitudestowardschildreningeneralandtheindigenouspopulationinparticular,theCommitteerecommendsthatinformationandeducationaboutchildren'srightsbedisseminatedamongchildrenandadultsalike.Itisalsorecommendedthatconsiderationbegiventothetranslationofsuchinformationintothemainindigenouslanguagesandthatappropriatemeasuresbeadoptedtospreadsuchinformationinsuchawaythatitreachesgroupsaffectedbyahighlevelofilliteracy.InthelightoftheconsiderableexperienceoftheUnitedNationsChildren'sFundandotherorganizationsinrespondingtosuchchallenges,itisrecommendedthatinternationalcooperationbesoughtinthisregard.220.b..bItistheviewoftheCommitteethattrainingandeducationintheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChildisurgentlyrequiredandmustencompassallprofessionalsworkingwithorforchildren.Inaddition,theCommitteerecommendsthattheinclusionofchildren'srightsintheschoolcurriculabepursuedasameasuretoenhancerespectfortheindigenouscultureandmulticulturalismandtocombatpaternalisticanddiscriminatoryattitudeswhich,asrecognizedbytheStateparty,continuetoprevailinsociety.221.b..bWithrespecttoarticle4oftheConvention,itistheCommittee'sopinionthatsufficientbudgetaryprovisionmustbemadetorespondtonationalandlocalprioritiesfortheprotectionandpromotionofchildren'srights.Whilenotingthetrendtowardsdecentralizingtheprovisionofservicestothemunicipallevelasameansofpromotinggreaterpopularparticipation,theCommitteeemphasizesthatsuchapolicymustbedesignedtoovercomeandremedyexistingdisparitiesbetweentheregionsandrural/urbanareas.Toensurethefullimplementationofarticle4,theCommitteerecommendsthatconsiderationbegiventotheprovisionofinternationalassistancewithinthegeneralframeworkoftheConvention.222.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthaturgentmeasuresbetakentoensureeffectiveconsiderationofthegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention,namelyitsarticles2,3,6and12,inthenationalprocessofimplementingtheConvention.223.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatacomprehensivepublicinformationcampaignbedevelopedandimplementedurgentlytocombattheabuseofchildreninthefamilyandwithinsocietyaswellastheuseofcorporalpunishmentinschools.224.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyintroducethemeasuresnecessarytomonitorandsuperviseeffectivelythesystemofadoptionofchildreninthelightofarticle21oftheConvention.Itisalsorecommendedthatadequatetrainingbeprovidedtoconcernedprofessionals.Inaddition,itisrecommendedthattheGovernmentconsiderratifyingtheHagueConventiononProtectionofChildrenandCooperationinrespectofIntercountryAdoption.225.b..bTheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytostrengthenitssupporttofamiliesincarryingouttheirchild-rearingresponsibilities,suchasbyprovidingnutritiousfoodandconductingvaccinationprogrammes.Asameansofaddressingtheproblemsofmaternaldeathandpoorantenatalcareanddeliveryservices,theCommitteesuggeststhattheStatepartyconsiderintroducingamoreeffectivesystemtrainingmedicalpersonnelandbirthattendants.TheCommitteealsorecommendsthattheStatepartyconsiderrequestinginternationalcooperationfromrelevantinternationalorganizationstoaddressissuesrelatingtothereproductivehealthofwomen.226.b..bTheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytoimplementthe"FoodforEducationProgramme"asanincentiveforchildrentoattendschool.Italsorecommendsthatacomprehensivenutritionalprogrammebedeveloped,takingintoparticularaccountthespecialneedsofchildren.227.b..bTheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytopursueitsefforts,inconformitywiththeAgreementonSocio-EconomicAspectsandtheAgrarianSituation,toincreasethebudgetaryallocationsforeducationby50percentuptotheyear2000.Withaviewtoensuringtheimplementationofarticles28and29oftheConvention,theCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyfocusgreatereffortsonprovidingforcompulsoryandfreeprimaryeducation,eradicatingilliteracyandensuringtheavailabilityofbilingualeducationforindigenouschildren.Moreover,greatereffortsshouldbemadeintrainingqualifiedteachers.Suchmeasureswillcontributetothepreventionofanyformofdiscriminationonthebasisoflanguagewithregardtotherighttoeducation.228.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatprovisionbemadeforofferingsocialassistancetofamiliestohelpthemwiththeirchild-rearingresponsibilitiesaslaiddowninarticle18oftheConventionasameansofreducinginstitutionalizationofchildren.Furthereffortsarealsorequiredtoensuretheactiveparticipationofdisabledchildreninthecommunityinconditionswhichensuretheirdignityandpromotetheirself-reliance,aswellastoensurethatdisabledchildrenareseparatedfromadultssufferingfrommentalill-health.TheCommitteerecommendsthatmeasuresbetakentoreviewperiodicallytheplacementandtreatmentofchildrenasrequiredunderarticle25oftheConvention.̀229.b..bTheproblemsofchildrentraumatizedbytheeffectsofarmedconflictandviolenceinsocietyare,intheCommittee'sview,amatterofseriousconcern.Inthisconnection,theCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartygiveconsiderationtotheimplementationofspecificprojectsforchildren,tobecarriedoutinanenvironmentwhichfostersthehealth,self-respectanddignityofthechild.230.b..bInviewofthefactthattheConstitutionofGuatemalarecognizesthepredominanceofdulyratifiedinternationalconventionsinthefieldofhumanrights,theCommitteeurgestheStatepartytoapplytheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionintheareaofjuvenilejustice,ratherthantheprovisionsofthenationallegislationwhichareincontradictionwiththeConvention,inparticularthoserelatingtothesystemof"irregularbehaviour".TheCommitteefurtherrecommendsthatthejuvenilejusticesystemberevisedtoensurethatitiscompatiblewiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,includingitsarticles37,39and40,aswellasotherrelevantinternationalinstrumentsinthefield.Inthisconnection,itisrecommendedthattheStatepartyconsiderrequestingtechnicalassistancefrominternationalorganizations,includingtheUnitedNationsCentreforHumanRights.231.b..bAsameansoftacklingtheinterrelatedissuesofeducationandchildlabour,theCommitteerecommendsthatallnecessarymeasuresbeadoptedtoensurethatchildrenhaveaccesstoeducationandthattheyareprotectedfrominvolvementinexploitativeactivities.TheCommitteefurtherrecommendsthateffectivepublicawarenesscampaignsbelaunchedforthepreventionandeliminationofchildlabourinthelightofarticle32oftheConvention.Inthisregard,theCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyseektechnicalassistancefromtheInternationalLabourOrganization.232.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyconsiderdevelopinganagendaforpriorityactiontoensureanintegratedapproachtotheimplementationofhumanrightsinGuatemalainthelightofthesuggestionsandrecommendationsaddressedtotheState,particularlyintheareaofchildren'srights.233.b..bFinally,theCommitteerecommendsthattheStateparty'sreport,thesummaryrecordsoftheexaminationofthereportintheCommitteeandtheCommittee'sconcludingobservationsbegivenwidedisseminationinGuatemala.TheCommitteesuggeststhatthesedocumentsbebroughttotheattentionoftheCongressasameansofensuringfollow-uptothesuggestionsandrecommendationsmadebytheCommittee.b..b6. .. Concludingobservations:Cyprus234.b..bTheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofCyprus(CRC/C/8/Add.24)atits309thto311thmeetings(CRC/C/SR.309311),heldon4and5June1996andadopted*thefollowingconcludingobservations:@..tA.Introduction235.b..bTheCommitteeexpressesitsappreciationtotheGovernmentofCyprusforthesubmissionofitsinitialreport,itswritteninformationinreplytothequestionssetoutinthelistofissues(CRC/C.11/WP.3)andtheconstructiveandfruitfuldialogue.TheCommitteeisencouragedbythefrankandcooperativetoneofthediscussion,inwhichtherepresentativesoftheStatepartyindicatednotonlythepolicyandprogrammedirections,butalsothedifficultiesencounteredduringimplementationoftheConvention.@..B.Positiveaspects236.b..bTheCommitteewelcomestheeffortsundertakenbytheGovernmenttoreviewthenationallegalframeworkinordertoharmonizeitwiththeprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConvention.Inthisregard,theCommitteenoteswithsatisfactionthattheJuvenileOffendersLawiscurrentlybeingrevised.ItalsonoteswithsatisfactionthatthedeathpenaltyforordinarycrimeshasbeenabolishedandwelcomesthefactthattheParliamentiscurrentlydiscussingtheadoptionofabillprohibitingcapitalpunishmentforactsofhightreason.237.b..bTheCommitteealsonoteswithsatisfactionthattheConventionhasbeeninvokedincourtproceedingsanditwelcomesthecommitmentmadeduringthedialoguebythegovernmentdelegationtosendinformationonthosejudicialdecisions.238.b..bTheCommitteewelcomestheestablishmentoftheCentralCommitteeforMonitoringtheImplementationoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.ItalsonoteswithsatisfactiontheorganizationbytheCommitteefortheProtectionandWelfareofChildrensince1989ofa"Children'sweek",focusedontheConvention.239.b..bTheCommitteefurthernotestheexistenceofcomprehensiveprogrammesandservicesforthewelfareofchildren.240.b..bTheCommitteewelcomestherecentratificationbytheStatepartyoftheHagueConventiononProtectionofChildrenandCooperationinrespectofIntercountryAdoption.241.b..bTheCommitteewelcomesthereadinessoftheStatepartytocollaboratewiththenongovernmentalorganizationcommunity.__________b..b*Atthe314thmeeting,heldon7June1996.̇@..` C.Factorsanddifficultiesimpendingthe  implementationoftheConvention242.b..bTheCommitteenotesthattheStateparty,asaconsequenceofeventswhichoccurredin1974andwhichresultedintheoccupationofpartoftheterritoryofCyprus,isnotinapositiontoexercisecontroloverallofitsterritoryandconsequentlycannotensuretheapplicationoftheConventioninareasnotunderitscontrol.ThefactthatnoinformationonchildrenlivingintheoccupiedterritoriesisavailableisamatterofconcerntotheCommittee.@.."D.Principalsubjectsofconcern243.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedbythelackofconformitywiththeConventionoflegislativeprovisionsinsomemattersrelatingtothedefinitionofthechild,inparticulartheageofsevenforcriminalresponsibility.Itisalsoconcernedthatchildrenbetween16and18yearsofageareconsideredasadultoffendersinthecriminaljusticesystem.244.b..bTheCommitteealsoexpressesitsconcernthattheStatepartyhasnotyetfullytakenintoaccountinitslegislationandpolicymakingthegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention(seeinparticularparas.12,13and14below);article2(principleofnondiscrimination),article3(principleofthebestinterestsofthechild)andarticle12(respectfortheviewsofthechild).245.b..bTheCommitteeremainsconcernedabouttheapparentpersistenceofdiscriminatoryattitudestowardschildrenbornoutofwedlockwithregardtotheirrighttoanameandtocitizenship.246.b..bWithrespecttotheimplementationofarticles12,13,14and15oftheConvention,insufficientattentionhasbeenaccordedtoensuringthatchildrenareinvolvedindecisions,includingwithinthefamily,andinadministrativeandjudicialproceduresregardingthem.247.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedbythedecisionstakeninmattersrelatingtoadoptionwithoutfullyrespectingtheprinciplesofarticle3(bestinterestofthechild).248.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedattheinsufficientattentionpaidtosystematicandcomprehensivedatacollection,identificationofappropriateindicatorsandmonitoringmechanismforallareascoveredbytheConventioninrelationtoallgroupsofchildren,includingminoritygroupchildren,childreninruralareas,institutionalizedanddisabledchildrenandchildvictimsofsexualexploitation.249.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedbythepersistenceoftraditionalpracticesandattitudesthatmayaffectthedevelopmentofsomechildren.TheCommitteeisparticularlyconcernedabouttheconsequencesofearlymarriages.ItisalsoconcernedabouttheinsufficientawarenessandunderstandingamongadultsandchildrenoftheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.&  250.b..bInthelightofarticles7and8oftheConvention,theCommitteenotesthatwhiletheprocedureforbirthregistrationisadequate,itremains'  concernedthattheapplicationinsomeruralareasmayresultinsomechildrenbeinghamperedintheenjoymentoftheirrights.251.b..bTheCommitteeisconcernedbytherecentincidenceofprostitutionwhichaffectsparticularlynonCypriotchildren.Itisalsoworriedabouttheincreasingnumberofchildrenworkingasdomesticservantsinillegalconditionsandwhoarevulnerabletoalltypesofabuse,includingsexualabuseandexploitation.252.b..bThesituationofthesystemoftheadministrationofjuvenilejustice,andinparticularthelackofcompatibilitywitharticles37and40oftheConventionaswellasotherrelevantstandardssuchasthe"BeijingRules",the"RiyadhGuidelines"andtheUnitedNationsRulesfortheProtectionofJuvenilesDeprivedoftheirLiberty,isamatterofconcerntotheCommittee.@.. E.Suggestionsandrecommendations253.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyundertakelegislativereformtoensurethatlegislationconformsfullywithalltheprovisionsoftheConvention,inparticularitsgeneralprinciples(arts.2,3,6and12).254.b..bTheCommitteefurtherrecommendsthattheStatepartygatherallnecessaryinformation,appropriateindicatorsanddisaggregateddataonthesituationofchildreninthevariousareascoveredbytheConventionandinrelationtoallgroupsofchildren,includingchildrenbelongingtothemostvulnerablegroups.255.b..bTheCommitteewishestoencouragetheStatepartytofurtherdevelopasystematicapproachtoincreasingpublicawarenessoftheparticipatoryrightsofchildren,inthelightofarticle12oftheConvention.CurrenteffortstomaketheprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConventionwidelyknownandunderstoodbyadultsandchildrenalikeshouldbepursuedanddevelopedinthelightofarticle42oftheConvention.256.b..bWithrespecttotheimplementationofarticles12,13,14and15oftheConvention,theCommitteerecommendsthatconsiderationbegivenbytheStatepartytofacilitatingchildren'sparticipationandtherespectfortheirviewsindecisionsaffectingthem,especiallyinthefamily,atschoolandinthecourts.257.b..bToappropriatelycombatpersistingnegativeanddiscriminatoryattitudes,theCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytocarryoutacomprehensiveandintegratedpublicinformationcampaignaimedatpromotingchildren'srightswithinthesociety,andparticularlywithinthefamily.258.b..bTheCommitteealsorecommendsthattheStatepartyprovidespecifictrainingactivitiesontheConventiontoprofessionalgroupsworkingwithandforchildren,includingteachers,socialworkers,healthpersonnel,judgesandlawenforcementofficials.259.b..bTheCommitteealsoencouragestheStatepartytoconsiderextendingthemandateoftheOmbudspersontoenablehim/hertoreceiveandprocessallcomplaintsrelatingtoalltypesofissuesaffectingchildren.260.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatstepsbetakentoensurethebirthregistrationofallchildren,particularlychildrenlivinginruralareas.261.b..bInthelightofarticles2,7and8oftheConvention,theCommitteestronglyrecommendsthattheauthoritiestakeallnecessarymeasurestoensurethatchildrenbornoutofwedlockenjoyalltheirfundamentalrights.262.b..bInthelightofarticle19oftheConvention,theCommitteefurtherrecommendsthattheauthoritiesgatherinformationandinitiateacomprehensivestudytoimprovetheunderstandingofthenatureandscopeoftheproblemofchildneglectandabuseandsetupsocialprogrammestopreventthem.263.b..bTheCommitteerecommendsthatthenationallawandpracticeswithregardtoadoptionbemadetofullyconformwiththeConventionandtheHagueConventiononProtectionofChildrenandCooperationinrespectofIntercountryAdoption,includingtheprincipleofthebestinterestsofthechild.264.b..bInthefieldoftheadministrationofjuvenilejustice,theCommitteerecommendsthatlegalreformbepursuedandtakefullyintoaccounttheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,inparticulararticles37,39and40,andotherrelevantinternationalstandardsinthisfield,suchasthe"BeijingRules",the"RiyadhGuidelines"andtheUnitedNationsRulesfortheProtectionofJuvenilesDeprivedoftheirLiberty.Particularattentionshouldbepaidtoraisingtheageofcriminalresponsibilityandensuringthatpersonsbetween16and18yearsofageenjoyalltherightsrecognizedintheConvention.265.b..bTheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytodisseminatewidelytheStateparty'sreport,thesummaryrecordsofthediscussionofthereportwithintheCommitteeandtheconcludingobservationsadoptedbytheCommitteefollowingitsconsiderationofthereport.TheCommitteesuggeststhatthesedocumentsbebroughttotheattentionofParliamentandthatthesuggestionsandrecommendationsforactioncontainedthereinbefollowedup.@.. III.OVERVIEWOFTHEOTHERACTIVITIESOFTHECOMMITTEE@.. A.Guidelinesforperiodicreports266.b..bAtitsprevioussession,theCommitteehadestablishedaworkinggrouptoprepareadraftdocumentonguidelinesregardingtheformandcontentsofperiodicreportsfromStatespartiestobesubmittedinthelightofarticle44oftheConvention(seeCRC/C/50,paras.241245).Atthepresentsession,theCommitteepursueditsconsiderationofthisissueonthebasisofthecontributionspreparedbythemembersoftheworkinggrouponthedifferentsectionsunderwhichtheprovisionsoftheConventionhadbeengrouped.TheCommitteehaddecidedthatguidelinesforperiodicreportsshouldleadtoanassessmentofmeasuresadopted,progressachievedanddifficultiesencounteredinimplementingtheConventionduringtheperiodunderconsideration,whilegivingparticularemphasisonthefollowuptothesuggestionsandrecommendationsoftheCommitteeasreflectedintheCommittee'sconcludingobservationsonthepreviousreport.@.. B.SecondUnitedNationsConferenceon  HumanSettlements(HABITATII)267.b..bAtitseleventhsession,theCommitteehadwelcomedtheconveningofthesecondUnitedNationsConferenceonHumanSettlementstobeheldinIstanbulfrom3to14June1996,andhaddecidedtoparticipateintheConferenceandtosubmittoitawrittencontribution(seeCRC/C/50,conclusionsandrecommendations,andannexVIII).IthadstressedtheneedtoensurethepresenceofajointdelegationofhumanrightstreatybodiesasameansofreinforcingthehumanrightscomponentinthedeliberationsofandfollowuptotheConference.Atthepresentsession,theCommitteedecidedtodesignateMrs.MariliaSardenberg,ViceChairpersonoftheCommittee,itsrepresentativetotheConference.@.. C.Futuredayofgeneraldiscussionon  "Thechildandthemedia"268.b..bAtitseleventhsession,theCommitteehaddecidedtodevoteitsnextdayofgeneraldiscussiontothetopic"Thechildandthemedia".Ithadfurtherdecidedtoorganizethisthematicdiscussionon7October1996attheUnitedNationsOfficeatGenevaandtoprepareanoutlineidentifyingthemainissuestoberaisedduringthedebate(seeCRC/C/50,annexIX),withaviewtolatersendingittoUnitedNationsbodies,specializedagencies,non-governmentalorganizationsandrepresentativesofthemedia,includingorganizationsofjournalists,togetherwithabackgroundpaperstressingthethreeaspectswhichshouldbemainlyaddressedduringthethematicdebate:children'saccesstomediaandparticipationtherein;protectionfromharmfulinfluencesandinjuriousmaterials;theimageofthechildinthemedia.ItwasagreedthatthepreparationforthisthematicdiscussionwouldbeundertakeninclosecooperationwiththeDirectoroftheInformationServiceoftheUnitedNationsOfficeatGeneva,whichwouldlaunchapublicitycampaigntocreateawarenessofthisevent.@..@.. D.CooperationwithUnitedNationsbodies,specialized h agenciesandothercompetentbodies269.b..bTheDirectorGeneraloftheInternationalLabourOrganizationinvitedtheCommitteetoparticipate,inanobservercapacity,inaninformaltripartitemeetingattheministeriallevelonthepreventionandeliminationofchildlabour,tobeheldinGenevaon12June1996withintheframeworkoftheannualgeneralconferenceoftheInternationalLabourOrganization.TheInternationalLabourOfficehadpreparedforthispurposeadocumententitled"Childlabour:whatistobedone",inwhichitwaspresentedthattheeffectiveimplementationoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChildwasanessentialelementinprotectingchildrenfromeconomicexploitation.&  270.b..bInviewoftheimportanceattachedbytheCommitteetothisissue,asillustratedbyitssecondthematicdebate(seeA/49/41,paras.560572)as'  wellasbythesystematicconsiderationofthistopicwithinitsmonitoringfunctions,theCommitteedecidedtoberepresentedattheinformalministerialmeetingbyitsViceChairpersonMrs.FloraEufemio.271.b..bTheCommitteealsoheldaninformalmeetingontheImplementationHandbookfortheConventionontheRightsoftheChildcommissionedbytheUnitedNationsChildren'sFund.ThehandbookprovidespracticalinformationandsupporttothosedirectlyinvolvedintheimplementationoftheConventioninallStatesparties.ItwilltakeintoconsiderationtheexaminationbytheCommitteeofinitialreportsontheimplementationoftheConvention,statementsreflectedinthesummaryrecordsofthediscussion,theconcludingobservationsadoptedbytheCommitteeaswellasitsthematicdiscussions.ThehandbookwillalsoaddressthequestionofgovernmentalstructuresforchildrenandtheroletheyplayinensuringeffectivecoordinationofactivitiesandmonitoringoftheimplementationoftheConventionatthenationallevel.TheexchangeofviewswithMrs.RachelHodgkinandMr.PeterNewellwasrecognizedasparticularlytimelybytheCommittee,inviewofthecurrentelaborationofguidelinesforperiodicreports.272.b..bInameetingwithrepresentativesoftheCentreforHumanRightsandtheUnitedNationsChildren'sFund,theCommitteewasinformedaboutrecentstepstakeninrelationtothedatabaseontheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,includingtheactivitiesoftheCommittee.MembersoftheCommitteewereintroducedbytheCentreforHumanRightstothecontentsofthefull-textdatabaseonchildren'srightswhichwouldsoonbemadeaccessibletothem.TheCommitteenotedtheprogressachievedandexpressedtheviewthatthecomputerizationofinformationrelatingtoitsmonitoringfunctionswouldcontributedecisivelytoincreasingitseffectivenessandthatoftheothertreatybodies.TheCommitteewelcomedtheassistanceoftheUnitedNationsChildren'sFundinprovidingthenecessarytoolstoenablethemembersoftheCommitteetousethedatabaseonaroutinebasis.@.. IV.DRAFTPROVISIONALAGENDAFORTHETHIRTEENTHSESSION273.b..bThefollowingisthedraftprovisionalagendaforthethirteenthsessionoftheCommittee:b..b1. .. Adoptionoftheagendab..b2.0 .. Organizationalandothermattersb..b3.0 .. SubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesinaccordancewitharticle44oftheConventionb..b4.0 .. ConsiderationofreportsofStatespartiesb..b5.0 .. ReviewofdevelopmentsrelevanttotheworkoftheCommitteeb..b6.0 .. Generaldiscussionon"Thechildandthemedia"b..b7.0 .. CooperationwithotherUnitedNationsbodies,specializedagenciesandothercompetentbodiesb..b8.0 .. MethodsofworkoftheCommittee,includingguidelinesforperiodicreportsb..b9. .. FuturemeetingsoftheCommitteè10. .. Othermatters@..V.ADOPTIONOFTHEREPORT274.b..bAtits314thmeeting,heldon7June1996,theCommitteeconsideredthedraftreportonitstwelfthsession.ThereportwasadoptedunanimouslybytheCommittee.   b @..6AnnexI@.. STATESWHICHHAVERATIFIEDORACCEDEDTOTHECONVENTION@.. ONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILDASAT7JUNE1996(187)++ States .. Dateofsignature..Dateofreceipt..Dateofentry .. ..ofinstrument..intoforce .. ..ofratification/ .. ..accessiona/Afghanistan .. 27September1990..28March1994..27April1994Albania .. 26January1990..27February1992..28March1992Algeria .. 26January1990..16April1993..16May1993Andorra .. 2October1995..2January1996..1February1996Angola .. 14February1990..5December1990..4January1991Antiguaand̀Barbuda .. 12March1991..5October1993..4November1993?#..?#Argentina .. 29June1990..4December1990..3January1991Armenia .. ..23June1993a/..22July1993Australia .. 22August1990..17December1990..16January1991Austria .. 26January1990..6August1992..5September1992Azerbaijan .. ..13August1992a/..12September1992#..##..#Bahamas .. 30October1990..20February1991..22March1991Bahrain .. ..13February1992a/..14March1992Bangladesh .. 26January1990..3August1990..2September1990#..#Barbados .. 19April1990..9October1990..8November1990Belarus .. 26January1990..1October1990..31October1990Belgium .. 26January1990..16December1991..15January1992Belize .. 2March1990..2May1990..2September1990#..#Benin .. 25April1990..3August1990..2September1990Bhutan .. 4June1990..1August1990..2September1990#..#Bolivia .. 8March1990..26June1990..2September1990#..#Bosniaand̀Herzegovina* .. ....6March1992Botswana .. ..14March1995a/..13April1995".."".."".."Brazil .. 26January1990..24September1990..24October1990".."".."".."Brunei .. ..27December1995a/..26January1996̀DarussalamBulgaria .. 31May1990..3June1991..3July1991BurkinaFaso .. 26January1990..31August1990..30September1990Burundi .. 8May1990..19October1990..18November1990Cambodia .. 22September1992..15October1992..14November1992Cameroon .. 25September1990..11January1993..10February1993򀀀8.++b >uQ!8b..b*Succession.b..ba/Accession.̇++    } States .. Dateofsignature..Dateofreceipt..Dateofentry .. ..ofinstrument..intoforce .. ..ofratification/ .. ..accessiona/Canada .. 28May1990..13December1991..12January1992CapeVerde .. ..4June1992a/..4July1992CentralAfricaǹRepublic .. 30July1990..23April1992..23May1992K!..K!K!..K!Chad .. 30September1990..2October1990..1November1990Chile .. 26January1990..13August1990..12September1990China .. 29August1990..2March1992..1April1992Colombia .. 26January1990..28January1991..27February1991Comoros .. 30September1990..22June1993..21July1993Congo .. ..14October1993a/..13November1993CostaRica .. 26January1990..21August1990..20September1990C=ted'Ivoire .. 26January1990..4February1991..6March1991Croatia* .. ....8October1991Cuba .. 26January1990..21August1991..20September1991#..#Cyprus .. 5October1990..7February1991..9March1991CzechRepublic* .. ....1January1993Democratic̀People's̀Republic̀ofKorea .. 23August1990..21September1990..21October1990Denmark .. 26January1990..19July1991..18August1991Djibouti .. 30September1990..6December1990..5January1991".."Dominica .. 26January1990..13March1991..12April1991DominicaǹRepublic .. 8August1990..11June1991..11July1991Ecuador .. 26January1990..23March1990..2September1990Egypt .. 5February1990..6July1990..2September1990ElSalvador .. 26January1990..10July1990..2September1990Equatorial̀Guinea .. ..15June1992a/..15July1992Eritrea .. 20December1993..3August1994..2September1994Estonia .. ..21October1991a/..20November1991Ethiopia .. ..14May1991a/..13June1991Fiji .. 2July1993..13August1993..12September1993Finland .. 26January1990..20June1991..20July1991!..!France .. 26January1990..7August1990..6September1990Gabon .. 26January1990..9February1994..11March1994Gambia .. 5February1990..8August1990..7September1990Georgia .. ..2June1994a/..2July1994Germany .. 26January1990..6March1992..5April1992Ghana .. 29January1990..5February1990..2September1990++ States .. Dateofsignature..Dateofreceipt..Dateofentry .. ..ofinstrument..intoforce .. ..ofratification/ .. ..accessiona/Greece .. 26January1990..11May1993..10June1993Grenada .. 21February1990..5November1990..5December1990Guatemala .. 26January1990..6June1990..2September1990Guinea .. ..13July1990a/..2September1990GuineaBissau .. 26January1990..20August1990..19September1990Guyana .. 30September1990..14January1991..13February1991Haiti .. 20January1990..8June1995..8July1995HolySee .. 20April1990..20April1990..2September1990Honduras .. 31May1990..10August1990..9September1990Hungary .. 14March1990..7October1991..6November1991Iceland .. 26January1990..28October1992..27November1992India .. ..11December1992a/..11January1993Indonesia .. 26January1990..5September1990..5October1990Iran(Islamic̀Republicof) .. 5September1991..13July1994..12August1994Iraq .. ..15June1994a/..15July1994Ireland .. 30September1990..28September1992..28October1992Israel .. 3July1990..3October1991..2November1991?#..?#?#..?#?#..?#Italy .. 26January1990..5September1991..5October1991Jamaica .. 26January1990..14May1991..13June1991Japan .. 21September1990..22April1994..22May1994Jordan .. 29August1990..24May1991..23June1991Kazakstan .. 16February1994..12August1994..11September1994Kenya .. 26January1990..30July1990..2September1990Kiribati .. ..11December1995a/..10January1996Kuwait .. 7June1990..21October1991..20November1991Kyrgyzstan .. ..7October1994..6November1994LaoPeople's̀Democratic̀Republic .. ..8May1991a/..7June1991Latvia .. ..14April1992a/..14May1992Lebanon .. 26January1990..14May1991..13June1991Lesotho .. 21August1990..10March1992..9April1992Liberia .. 26April1990..4June1993..4July1993LibyanArab̀Jamahiriya .. ..15April1993a/..15May1993Liechtenstein .. 30September1990..22December1995..21January1996Lithuania .. ..31January1992a/..1March1992Luxembourg .. 21March1990..7March1994..6April1994++ States .. Dateofsignature..Dateofreceipt..Dateofentry .. ..ofinstrument..intoforce .. ..ofratification/ .. ..accessiona/Madagascar .. 19April1990..19March1991..18April1991Malawi .. ..2January1991a/..1February1991Malaysia .. ..17February1995a/..19March1995Maldives .. 21August1990..11February1991..13March1991Mali .. 26January1990..20September1990..20October1990Malta .. 26January1990..30September1990..30October1990Marshall̀Islands .. 14April1993..4October1993..3November1993Mauritania .. 26January1990..16May1991..15June1991Mauritius .. ..26July1990a/..2September1990Mexico .. 26January1990..21September1990..21October1990Micronesià(Federated̀Statesof) .. ..5May1993a/..4June1993Monaco .. ..21June1993a/..21July1993Mongolia .. 26January1990..5July1990..2September1990Morocco .. 26January1990..21June1993..21July1993Mozambique .. 30September1990..26April1994..26May1994Myanmar .. ..15July1991a/..14August1991Namibia .. 26September1990..30September1990..30October1990Nauru .. ..27July1994a/..26August1994Nepal .. 26January1990..14September1990..14October1990Netherlands .. 26January1990..6February1995..7March1995NewZealand .. 1October1990..6April1993..6May1993Nicaragua .. 6February1990..5October1990..4November1990Niger .. 26January1990..30September1990..30October1990Nigeria .. 26January1990..19April1991..19May1991Niue .. ..20December1995a/..19January1996Norway .. 26January1990..8January1991..7February1991Pakistan .. 20September1990..12November1990..12December1990Palau .. ..4August1995a/..3September1995#..##..##..##..#Panama .. 26January1990..12December1990..11January1991PapuaNeẁGuinea .. 30September1990..1March1993..31March1993Paraguay .. 4April1990..25September1990..25October1990Peru .. 26January1990..4September1990..4October1990Philippines .. 26January1990..21August1990..20September1990Poland .. 26January1990..7June1991..7July1991Portugal .. 26January1990..21September1990..21October1990++ States .. Dateofsignature..Dateofreceipt..Dateofentry .. ..ofinstrument..intoforce .. ..ofratification/ .. ..accessiona/Qatar .. 8December1992..3April1995..3May1995Republicof̀Korea .. 25September1990..20November1991..20December1991Republicof̀Moldova .. ..26January1993a/..25February1993Romania .. 26January1990..28September1990..28October1990RussiaǹFederation .. 26January1990..16August1990..15September1990Rwanda .. 26January1990..24January1991..23February1991SaintKitts .. ......̀andNevis .. 26January1990..24July1990..2September1990SaintLucia .. ..16June1993a/..16July1993SaintVincent̀andthèGrenadines .. 20September1993..26October1993..25November1993Samoa .. 30September1990..29November1994..29December1994SanMarino .. ..25November1991a/..25December1991SaoTomeand̀Principe .. ..14May1991a/..13June1991SaudiArabia .. ..26January1996a/..25February1996Senegal .. 26January1990..31July1990..2September1990Seychelles .. ..7September1990a/..7October1990SierraLeone .. 13February1990..18June1990..2September1990Singapore .. ..5October1995a/..4November1995Slovakia* .. ....1January1993Slovenia* .. ....25June1991SolomoǹIslands .. ..10April1995a/..10May1995SouthAfrica .. 29January1993..16June1995..16July1995Spain .. 26January1990..6December1990..5January1991SriLanka .. 26January1990..12July1991..11August1991Sudan .. 24July1990..3August1990..2September1990Suriname .. 26January1990..1March1993..31March1993Swaziland .. 22August1990..7September1995..6October1995Sweden .. 26January1990..29June1990..2September1990SyrianArab̀Republic .. 18September1990..15July1993..14August1993w"..w"Tajikistan .. ..26October1993a/..25November1993Thailand .. ..27March1992a/..26April1992++ States .. Dateofsignature..Dateofreceipt..Dateofentry .. ..ofinstrument..intoforce .. ..ofratification/ .. ..accessiona/Theformer̀Yugoslav̀Republicof̀Macedonia* .. ....17September1991Togo .. 26January1990..1August1990..2September1990Tonga .. ..6November1995a/..6December1995Trinidadand̀Tobago .. 30September1990..5December1991..4January1992Tunisia .. 26February1990..30January1992..29February1992Turkey .. 14September1990..4April1995..4May1995Turkmenistan .. ..20September1993a/..19October1993Tuvalu .. ..22September1995a/..22October1995Uganda .. 17August1990..17August1990..16September1990Ukraine .. 21February1991..28August1991..27September1991UnitedKingdom̀ofGreatBritaiǹandNortherǹIreland .. 19April1990..16December1991..15January1992UnitedRepublic̀ofTanzania .. 1June1990..10June1991..10July1991Uruguay .. 26January1990..20November1990..20December1990Uzbekistan .. ..29June1994a/..29July1994Vanuatu .. 30September1990..7July1993..6August1993Venezuela .. 26January1990..13September1990..13October1990VietNam .. 26January1990..28February1990..2September1990Yemen .. 13February1990..1May1991..31May1991Yugoslavia .. 26January1990..3January1991..2February1991Zaire .. 20March1990..27September1990..27October1990Zambia .. 30September1990..5December1991..5January1992Zimbabwe .. 8March1990..11September1990..11October1990@..AnnexII@.. MEMBERSHIPOFTHECOMMITTEEONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILD ++Nameofmember..CountryofnationalityMrs.HodaBADRAN*..EgyptMrs.AkilaBELEMBAOGO**..BurkinaFasoMrs.FloraC.EUFEMIO*..PhilippinesMr.ThomasHAMMARBERG**..SwedenMrs.JudithKARP**..IsraelMr.YouriKOLOSOV**..RussianFederationMissSandraPrunellaMASON**..BarbadosMr.SwithunTachionaMOMBESHORA*..ZimbabweMrs.MartaSANTOSPAIS*..PortugalMrs.MariliaSARDENBERG*..Brazil r* 򀀀8.++b >uQ!8b..b*Termexpireson28February1997.b..b**Termexpireson28February1999.    \R&6\ +      R + n     T + +      @%..cAnnexIII@%..STATUSOFSUBMISSIONOFREPORTSBYSTATESPARTIESUNDERARTICLE44OF@%..THECONVENTIONONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILDASAT7JUNE1996*WX d,} dd,Qdd,Qdd,dd,,dd+  &@x@&@%..Initialreportsduein1992 "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Bangladesh  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  15November1995  CRC/C/3/Add.38 "@x"Barbados  Ѐ8November1990  Ѐ7November1992     "@x"Belarus  31October1990  30October1992  12February1993  CRC/C/3/Add.14 "@x"Belize  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992     "@x"Benin  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992     "@x"Bhutan  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992     "@x"Bolivia  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  14September1992  CRC/C/3/Add.2 "@x"Brazil  24October1990  23October1992     "@x"BurkinaFaso  30September1990  29September1992  Ѐ7July1993  CRC/C/3/Add.19 "@x"Burundi  18November1990  17November1992     "@x"Chad  Ѐ1November1990  31October1992     "@x"Chile  12September1990  11September1992  22June1993  CRC/C/3/Add.18 "@x"CostaRica  20September1990  20September1992  28October1992  CRC/C/3/Add.8 "x"DemocraticPeople'sπRepublicofKorea  21October1990  20October1992  13February1996  CRC/C/3/Add.41 "@x"Ecuador  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992    &@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1992(continued) "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Egypt  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  23October1992  CRC/C/3/Add.6 "x"ElSalvador  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  Ѐ3November1992  CRC/C/3/Add.9&Add.28 "@x"France  Ѐ6September1990  Ѐ5September1992  Ѐ8April1993  CRC/C/3/Add.15 "@x"Gambia  Ѐ7September1990  Ѐ6September1992     "@x"Ghana  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  20November1995  CRC/C/3/Add.39 "@x"Grenada  Ѐ5December1990  Ѐ4December1992     "@x"Guatemala  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  5January1995  CRC/C/3/Add.33 "@x"Guinea  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992     "@x"GuineaBissau  19September1990  18September1992     "@x"HolySee  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  Ѐ2March1994  CRC/C/3/Add.27 "@x"Honduras  Ѐ9September1990  Ѐ8September1992  11May1993  CRC/C/3/Add.17 "x"Indonesia  Ѐ5October1990  Ѐ4October1992  17November1992  CRC/C/3/Add.10&CRC/C/3/Add.26 "@x"Kenya  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992     "@x"Mali  20October1990  19October1992     "@x"Malta  30October1990  29October1992     "@x"Mauritius  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  25July1995  CRC/C/3/Add.36 "@x"Mexico  21October1990  20October1992  15December1992  CRC/C/3/Add.11 "@x"Mongolia  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  20October1994  CRC/C/3/Add.32 "@x"Namibia  30October1990  29October1992  21December1992  CRC/C/3/Add.12&@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1992(continued) "x@"Stateparty ..   @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Nepal  14October1990  13October1992  10April1995  CRC/C/3/Add.34 "@x"Nicaragua  Ѐ4November1990  Ѐ3November1992  12January1994  CRC/C/3/Add.25 "@x"Niger  30October1990  29October1992  27April1994  CRC/C/3/Add.29 "@x"Pakistan  12December1990  11December1992  25January1993  CRC/C/3/Add.13 "@x"Paraguay  25October1990  24October1992  30August1993  CRC/C/3/Add.22 "x"Peru  Ѐ4October1990  Ѐ3October1992  28October1992  CRC/C/3/Add.7&CRC/C/3/Add.24 "@x"Philippines  20September1990  19September1992  21September1993  CRC/C/3/Add.23 "@x"Portugal  21October1990  20October1992  17August1994  CRC/C/3/Add.30 "@x"Romania  28October1990  27October1992  14April1993  CRC/C/3/Add.16 "@x"RussianFederation  15September1990  14September1992  16October1992  CRC/C/3/Add.5 "@x"SaintKittsandNevis  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992     "@x"Senegal  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  12September1994  CRC/C/3/Add.31 "@x"Seychelles  Ѐ7October1990  Ѐ6October1992     "@x"SierraLeone  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  10April1996  CRC/C/3/Add.43 "x"Sudan  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  29September1992  CRC/C/3/Add.3&CRC/C/3/Add.20 "@x"Sweden  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  Ѐ7September1992  CRC/C/3/Add.1 "@x"Togo  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  27February1996  CRC/C/3/Add.42&@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1992(continued) "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Uganda  16September1990  15September1992  Ѐ1February1996  CRC/C/3/Add.40 "@x"Uruguay  20December1990  19December1992  Ѐ2August1995  CRC/C/3/Add.37 "@x"Venezuela  13October1990  12October1992     "x"VietNam  Ѐ2September1990  Ѐ1September1992  30September1992  CRC/C/3/Add.4&CRC/C/3/Add.21 "@x"Zaire  27October1990  26October1992     "@x"Zimbabwe  11October1990  10October1992  23May1995  CRC/C/3/Add.35 "@x"         &@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1993 "@x"Angola  Ѐ4January1991  Ѐ3January1991     "x"Argentina  Ѐ3January1991  Ѐ2January1993  17March1993  CRC/C/8/Add.2&Add.17 "@x"Australia  16January1991  15January1993  Ѐ8January1996  CRC/C/8/Add.31 "@x"Bahamas  22March1991  21March1993     "@x"Bulgaria  Ѐ3July1991  Ѐ2July1993  29September1995  CRC/C/8/Add.29 "@x"Colombia  27February1991  26February1993  14April1993  CRC/C/8/Add.3 "@x"C=ted'Ivoire  Ѐ6March1991  Ѐ5March1993     "@x"Croatia  Ѐ7November1991  Ѐ6November1993  Ѐ8November1994  CRC/C/8/Add.19 "@x"Cuba  20September1991  19September1993  27October1995  CRC/C/8/Add.30 "@x"Cyprus  Ѐ9March1991  Ѐ8March1993  22December1994  CRC/C/8/Add.24 "@x"Denmark  18August1991  17August1993  14September1993  CRC/C/8/Add.8&@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1993(continued) "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Djibouti  Ѐ5January1991  Ѐ4January1993     "@x"Dominica  12April1991  11April1993     "@x"DominicanRepublic  11July1991  10July1993     "@x"Estonia  20November1991  19November1993     "@x"Ethiopia  13June1991  12June1993  10August1995  CRC/C/8/Add.27 "@x"Finland  20July1991  19July1993  12December1994  CRC/C/8/Add.22 "@x"Guyana  13February1991  12February1993     "@x"Hungary  Ѐ6November1991  Ѐ5November1993     "@x"Israel  Ѐ2November1991  Ѐ1November1993     "@x"Italy  Ѐ5October1991  Ѐ4October1993  11October1994  CRC/C/8/Add.18 "@x"Jamaica  13June1991  12June1993  25January1994  CRC/C/8/Add.12 "@x"Jordan  23June1991  22June1993  25May1993  CRC/C/8/Add.4 "@x"Kuwait  20November1991  19November1993     "x"LaoPeople's̀DemocraticRepublic  Ѐ7June1991  Ѐ6June1993  18January1996  CRC/C/8/Add.32 "@x"Lebanon  13June1991  12June1993  21December1994  CRC/C/8/Add.23 "@x"Madagascar  18April1991  17May1993  20July1993  CRC/C/8/Add.5 "@x"Malawi  Ѐ1February1991  31January1993     "@x"Maldives  13March1991  12March1993  Ѐ6July1994  CRC/C/8/Add.15 "@x"Mauritania  15June1991  14June1993    &@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1993(continued) "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Myanmar  14August1991  13August1993  14September1995  CRC/C/8/Add.9 "@x"Nigeria  19May1991  18May1993  19July1995  CRC/C/8/Add.26 "@x"Norway  Ѐ7February1991  Ѐ6February1993  30August1993  CRC/C/8/Add.7 "@x"Panama  11January1991  10January1993  19September1995  CRC/C/8/Add.28 "@x"Poland  Ѐ7July1991  Ѐ6July1993  11January1994  CRC/C/8/Add.11 "@x"RepublicofKorea  20December1991  19December1993  17November1994  CRC/C/8/Add.21 "@x"Rwanda  23February1991  22February1993  30September1992  CRC/C/8/Add.1 "@x"SanMarino  25December1991  24December1993     "@x"SaoTomeandPrincipe  13June1991  12June1993     "@x"Slovenia  25June1991  24June1993  29May1995  CRC/C/8/Add.25 "@x"Spain  Ѐ5January1991  Ѐ4January1993  1(!..(!10August1993  CRC/C/8/Add.6 "@x"SriLanka  11August1991  10August1993  23March1994  CRC/C/8/Add.13 "x"TheformerYugoslav̀Republicof̀Macedonia  17September1991  16September1993     "x"Ukraine  27September1991  26September1993  Ѐ8October1993  CRC/C/8/Add.10/Rev.1 "x"UnitedRepublicof̀Tanzania  10July1991  Ѐ9July1993  29April1994  CRC/C/8/Add.14 "@x"Yemen  31May1991  30May1993  14November1994  CRC/C/8/Add.20 "@x"Yugoslavia  Ѐ2February1991  Ѐ1February1993  21September1994  CRC/C/8/Add.16 &@x&&@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1994 "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Albania  28March1992  27March1994     "@x"Austria  Ѐ5September1992  Ѐ4September1994     "@x"Azerbaijan  12September1992  11September1994  Ѐ9November1995  CRC/C/11/Add.8 "@x"Bahrain  14March1992  14March1994     "@x"Belgium  15January1992  14January1994  12July1994  CRC/C/11/Add.4 "@x"BosniaandHerzegovina  Ѐ6March1992  Ѐ5March1994     "@x"Cambodia  14November1992  15November1994     "@x"Canada  12January1992  11January1994  17June1994  CRC/C/11/Add.3 "@x"CapeVerde  Ѐ4July1992  Ѐ3July1994     "x"CentralAfricaǹRepublic  23May1992  23May1994     "@x"China  Ѐ1April1992  31March1994  27March1995  CRC/C/11/Add.7 "@x"CzechRepublic  Ѐ1January1993  31December1994  Ѐ4March1996  CRC/C/11/Add.11 "@x"EquatorialGuinea  15July1992  14July1994     "@x"Germany  Ѐ5April1992  Ѐ4May1994  30August1994  CRC/C/11/Add.5 "@x"Iceland  27November1992  26November1994  30November1994  CRC/C/11/Add.6 "@x"Ireland  28October1992  27October1994  Ѐ4April1996  CRC/C/11/Add.12 "@x"Latvia  14May1992  13May1994     "@x"Lesotho  Ѐ9April1992  Ѐ8April1994     "@x"Lithuania  Ѐ1March1992  28February1994    &@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1994(continued) "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Slovakia  Ѐ1January1993  31December1994     "@x"Thailand  26April1992  25April1994     "@x"TrinidadandTobago  Ѐ4January1992  Ѐ3January1994  16February1996  CRC/C/11/Add.10 "@x"Tunisia  29February1992  28February1994  16May1994  CRC/C/11/Add.2 "x"UnitedKingdomof̀GreatBritainand̀NorthernIreland  15January1992  14January1994  15March1994  CRC/C/11/Add.1andAdd.9 "@x"Zambia  Ѐ5January1992  Ѐ4January1994     "@x"         &@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1995 "@x"Algeria  16May1993  15May1995  16November1995  CRC/C/28/Add.4 "@x"AntiguaandBarbuda  Ѐ4November1993  Ѐ3November1995     "@x"Armenia  23July1993  Ѐ5August1995     "@x"Cameroon  10February1993  Ѐ9February1995     "@x"Comoros  22July1993  21July1995     "@x"Congo  13November1993  12November1995     "@x"Fiji  12September1993  11September1995     "@x"Greece  10June1993  Ѐ9June1995     "@x"India  11January1993  10January1995     "@x"Liberia  Ѐ4July1993  Ѐ3July1995     "@x"LibyanArabJamahiriya  15May1993  14May1995  23May1996  CRC/C/28/Add.6&@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1995(continued) "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"MarshallIslands  Ѐ3November1993  Ѐ2November1995     "x"Micronesia(Federated̀Statesof)  Ѐ4June1993  Ѐ3June1995  16April1996  CRC/C/28/Add.5 "@x"Monaco  21July1993  20July1995     "@x"Morocco  21July1993  20July1995  27July1995  CRC/C/28/Add.1 "@x"NewZealand  Ѐ6May1993  Ѐ5May1995  29September1995  CRC/C/28/Add.3 "@x"PapuaNewGuinea  31March1993  31March1995     "@x"RepublicofMoldova  25February1993  24February1995     "@x"SaintLucia  16July1993  15July1995     "x"SaintVincentand̀theGrenadines  25November1993  24November1995     "@x"Suriname  31March1993  31March1995     "@x"SyrianArabRepublic  14August1993  13August1995  22September1995  CRC/C/28/Add.2 "@x"Tajikistan  25November1993  24November1995     "@x"Turkmenistan  20October1993  19October1995     "@x"Vanuatu  Ѐ6August1993  Ѐ5August1995     "@x"         &@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1996 "@x"Afghanistan  27April1994  26April1996     "@x"Gabon  11March1994  10March1996     "@x"Luxembourg  Ѐ6April1994  Ѐ5April1996    &@x&@%..Initialreportsduein1996(continued) "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"Japan  22May1994  21May1996  30May1996  CRC/C/41/Add.1 "@x"Mozambique  26May1994  25May1996     "@x"Georgia  Ѐ2July1994  Ѐ1July1996     "@x"Iraq  15July1994  14July1996     "@x"Uzbekistan  29July1994  28July1996     "x"Iran(Islamic̀Republicof)  12August1994  11August1996     "@x"Nauru  26August1994  25August1996     "@x"Eritrea  Ѐ2September1994  Ѐ1September1996     "@x"Kazakstan  11September1994  10September1996     "@x"Kyrgyzstan  Ѐ6November1994  Ѐ5November1996     "@x"Samoa  29December1994  28December1996     &@x& &@x&Initialreportsduein1997 "@x"Netherlands  Ѐ7March1995  Ѐ6March1997     "@x"Malaysia  19March1995  18March1997     "@x"Botswana  13April1995  12April1997     "@x"Qatar  Ѐ3May1995  Ѐ2May1997     "@x"Turkey  Ѐ4May1995  Ѐ3May1997     "@x"SolomonIslands  10May1995  Ѐ9May1997     "@x"Haiti  Ѐ8July1995  Ѐ7July1997    &@x&Initialreportsduein1997(continued) "x@"Stateparty  @Dateofentryintoforce  @Datedue  @Dateofsubmission  @Symbol "@x"SouthAfrica  16July1995  15July1997     "@x"Pilau  Ѐ3September1995  Ѐ3September1997     "@x"Swaziland  Ѐ6October1995  Ѐ5October1997     "@x"Tuvalu  22October1995  21October1997     "@x"Singapore  Ѐ4November1995  Ѐ3November1997     "@x"Tonga  Ѐ6December1995  Ѐ5December1997     "@x"         &@x@&Initialreportsduein1998 "@x"Kiribati  10January1996  Ѐ9January1998     "@x"Niue  19January1996  18January1998     "@x"Liechtenstein  21January1996  20January1998     "@x"BruneiDarussalam  26January1996  25January1998     "@x"Andorra  Ѐ1February1996  31January1998     "@x"SaudiArabia  25February1996  24February1998    п    \R6&\  33 +    ++P   } YZ@..AnnexIV@..@ LISTOFINITIALREPORTSCONSIDEREDBYTHECOMMITTEEONTHE@..Z RIGHTSOFTHECHILDASAT7JUNE1996++bb..b..Stateparty..Observationsadoptedb..b..reports..bytheCommitteeThirdsession(January1993)++bb..bBolivia..CRC/C/3/Add.2..CRC/C/15/Add.1b..bSweden..CRC/C/3/Add.1..CRC/C/15/Add.2b..bVietNam..CRC/C/3/Add.4and21..CRC/C/15/Add.3b..bRussianFederation..CRC/C/3/Add.5....CRC/C/15/Add.4b..bEgypt..CRC/C/3/Add.6..CRC/C/15/Add.5b..bSudan..CRC/C/3/Add.3..CRC/C/15/Add.6b..b....(preliminary)Fourthsession(SeptemberOctober1993)b..bIndonesia..CRC/C/3/Add.10..CRC/C/15/Add.7b..b....(preliminary)b..bPeru..CRC/C/3/Add.7..CRC/C/15/Add.8b..bElSalvador..CRC/C/3/Add.9and28..CRC/C/15/Add.9b..bSudan..CRC/C/3/Add.3and20..CRC/C/15/Add.10b..bCostaRica..CRC/C/3/Add.8..CRC/C/15/Add.11b..bRwanda..CRC/C/8/Add.1..CRC/C/15/Add.12b..b....(preliminary)Fifthsession(January1994)b..bMexico..CRC/C/3/Add.11..CRC/C/15/Add.13b..bNamibia..CRC/C/3/Add.12..CRC/C/15/Add.14b..bColombia..CRC/C/8/Add.3..CRC/C/15/Add.15b..b....(preliminary)b..bRomania..CRC/C/3/Add.16..CRC/C/15/Add.16b..bBelarus..CRC/C/3/Add.14..CRC/C/15/Add.17Sixthsession(April1994)b..bPakistan..CRC/C/3/Add.13..CRC/C/15/Add.18b..bBurkinaFaso..CRC/C/3/Add.19..CRC/C/15/Add.19b..bFrance..CRC/C/3/Add.15..CRC/C/15/Add.20b..bJordan..CRC/C/8/Add.4..CRC/C/15/Add.21b..bChile..CRC/C/3/Add.18..CRC/C/15/Add.22b..bNorway..CRC/C/8/Add.7..CRC/C/15/Add.23++bb..b..Stateparty..Observationsadoptedb..b..reports..bytheCommitteeSeventhsession(SeptemberOctober1994)++bb..bHonduras..CRC/C/3/Add.17..CRC/C/15/Add.24b..bIndonesia..CRC/C/3/Add.10and26..CRC/C/15/Add.25b..bMadagascar..CRC/C/8/Add.5..CRC/C/15/Add.26b..bParaguay..CRC/C/3/Add.22..CRC/C/15/Add.27b..b....(preliminary)b..bSpain..CRC/C/8/Add.6..CRC/C/15/Add.28b..bArgentina..CRC/C/8/Add.2and17..CRC/C/15/Add.35b..b....(adoptedattheb..b....eighthsession)Eighthsession(January1995)b..bPhilippines..CRC/C/3/Add.23..CRC/C/15/Add.29b..bColombia..CRC/C/8/Add.3..CRC/C/15/Add.30b..bPoland..CRC/C/8/Add.11..CRC/C/15/Add.31b..bJamaica..CRC/C/8/Add.12..CRC/C/15/Add.32b..bDenmark..CRC/C/8/Add.8..CRC/C/15/Add.33b..bUnitedKingdom..CRC/C/11/Add.1..CRC/C/15/Add.34Ninthsession(MayJune1995)b..bNicaragua..CRC/C/3/Add.25..CRC/C/15/Add.36b..bCanada..CRC/C/11/Add.3..CRC/C/15/Add.37b..bBelgium..CRC/C/11/Add.4..CRC/C/15/Add.38b..bTunisia..CRC/C/11/Add.2..CRC/C/15/Add.39b..bSriLanka..CRC/C/8/Add.13..CRC/C/15/Add.40Tenthsession(OctoberNovember1995)b..bItaly..CRC/C/8/Add.18..CRC/C/15/Add.41b..bUkraine..CRC/C/8/Add.10/Rev.1..CRC/C/15/Add.42b..bGermany..CRC/C/11/Add.5..CRC/C/15/Add.43b..bSenegal..CRC/C/3/Add.31..CRC/C/15/Add.44b..bPortugal..CRC/C/3/Add.30..CRC/C/15/Add.45b..bHolySee..CRC/C/3/Add.27..CRC/C/15/Add.46++bb..b..Stateparty..Observationsadoptedb..b..reports..bytheCommitteeEleventhsession(January1996)b..bYemen..CRC/C/8/Add.20..CRC/C/15/Add.47b..bMongolia..CRC/C/3/Add.32..CRC/C/15/Add.48b..bYugoslavia..CRC/C/8/Add.26..CRC/C/15/Add.49b..bIceland..CRC/C/11/Add.6..CRC/C/15/Add.50b..bRepublicofKorea..CRC/C/8/Add.21..CRC/C/15/Add.51b..bCroatia..CRC/C/8/Add.19..CRC/C/15/Add.52b..bFinland..CRC/C/8/Add.22..CRC/C/15/Add.53Twelfthsession(MayJune1996)b..bLebanon..CRC/C/18/Add.23..CRC/C/15/Add.54b..bZimbabwe..CRC/C/3/Add.35..CRC/C/15/Add.55b..bChina..CRC/C/11/Add.7..CRC/C/15/Add.56b..bNepal..CRC/C/3/Add.34..CRC/C/15/Add.57b..bGuatemala..CRC/C/3/Add.33..CRC/C/15/Add.58b..bCyprus..CRC/C/8/Add.24..CRC/C/15/Add.59@..6AnnexV@..FPROVISIONALLISTOFINITIALREPORTSSCHEDULEDFORCONSIDERATION@..: ATTHECOMMITTEE'STHIRTEENTHANDFOURTEENTHSESSIONS++bThirteenthsession(23September11October1996)b..bSlovenia..CRC/C/8/Add.25b..bNigeria..CRC/C/8/Add.26b..bMauritius..CRC/C/3/Add.36b..bMorocco..CRC/C/28/Add.1b..bUruguay..CRC/C/3/Add.37b..bUnitedKingdom(HongKong)..CRC/C/11/Add.9Fourteenthsession(624January1997)b..bEthiopia..CRC/C/8/Add.27b..bMyanmar..CRC/C/8/Add.9b..bPanama..CRC/C/8/Add.28b..bSyrianArabRepublic..CRC/C/28/Add.2b..bNewZealand..CRC/C/28/Add.3b..bBulgaria..CRC/C/8/Add.29   b @..AnnexVI@..4 LISTOFDOCUMENTSISSUEDFORTHETWELFTHSESSION@..tOFTHECOMMITTEE ++bCRC/C/3/Add.330..InitialreportofGuatemalaCRC/C/3/Add.340..InitialreportofNepalCRC/C/3/Add.350..InitialreportofZimbabweCRC/C/8/Add.230..InitialreportofLebanonCRC/C/8/Add.240..InitialreportofCyprusCRC/C/11/Add.70..InitialreportofChinaCRC/C/15/Add.540..Concludingobservations:LebanonCRC/C/15/Add.550..Concludingobservations:ZimbabweCRC/C/15/Add.560..Concludingobservations:ChinaCRC/C/15/Add.570..Concludingobservations:NepalCRC/C/15/Add.580..Concludingobservations:GuatemalaCRC/C/15/Add.590..Concludingobservations:CyprusCRC/C/19/Rev.60..CompilationoftheconclusionsandrecommendationsoftheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildCRC/C/27/Rev.50..NotebytheSecretary-Generalonthefollow-uptotheconsiderationofreportsCRC/C/40/Rev.30..NotebytheSecretary-GeneralonareasidentifiedbytheCommitteefortechnicalassistanceCRC/C/510..NotebytheSecretary-GeneraloninitialreportsbyStatespartiesduein1997CRC/C/520..ProvisionalagendaandannotationsCRC/C/530..NotebytheSecretary-GeneralontheStatespartiestotheConventionandthestatusofsubmissionofreportsCRC/C/SR.2883140..Summaryrecordsofthetwelfthsession@..