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A. a.(1)(a) i) a)SNOP($0 ($0 0 (($0 0 0 3456789: A_ekqwDocumentDocument StyleI.1.A.a.(1)(a)i)a)T4Heading 1Centred Heading@..a  a:\logo.wpt<>?@ABCE CRight ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)<6X9`("Courier NewTTXXx6X@DQX@;6X9`(CourierW1TTc6X@Q@<6X9`("Courier NewTTd6X@DQ@\  `*Times New RomanTTC\  P6QPc:\office\wpwin\template\logo\logrc.wpt<6X9`("Courier NewTTegulard6X@DQ@a:\logo.wpt>c$"Small Circle"0 c:\office\wpwin\template\logo\logrc.wpta:\logo.wptc:\office\wpwin\template\logo\logrc.wpta:\logo.wptc:\office\wpwin\template\logo\logrc.wpt<6X9`("Courier NewTTXXx6X@DQX@;6X9`(CourierW1TTc6X@Q@<6X9`("Courier NewTTd6X@DQ@\  `*Times New RomanTTC\  P6QPa:\logo.wptc:\office\wpwin\template\logo\logrc.wpta:\logo.wpt<6X9`("Courier NewTTegulard6X@DQ@a:\logo.wptc:\office\wpwin\template\logo\logrc.wptdisaggregatedcombating$35;AGMU]c1I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)<6X9`("Courier NewTTXXx6X@DQX@\  `*Times New RomanTTXXP\  P6QXP;6X9`(CourierW1anTTc6X@Q@# e37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)c:\office\wpwin\template\logo\logrc.wpt  J(  UKUS.,  QXXX  UKUK.,XQXXQXQXXXQXX?"'*dE*??"'*dE*?HH1HH2HH3HH4HH5HH6HH7HH8HH910111213141516171819202122232425262728  .+a:\logo.wpt<6X9`("Courier NewTTXXx6X@DQX@;6X9`(CourierW1TTc6X@Q@<6X9`("Courier NewTTd6X@DQ@\  `*Times New RomanTTC\  P6QPc:\office\wpwin\template\logo\logrc.wpt<6X9`("Courier NewTTegulard6X@DQ@a:\logo.wptc:\office\wpwin\template\logo\logrc.wpta:\logo.wptc:\office\wpwin\template\logo\logrc.wpta:\logo.wptc:\office\wpwin\template\logo\logrc.wpt<6X9`("Courier NewTTXXx6X@DQX@;6X9`(CourierW1TTc6X@Q@<6X9`("Courier NewTTd6X@DQ@\  `*Times New RomanTTC\  P6QPa:\logo.wptc:\office\wpwin\template\logo\logrc.wpta:\logo.wpt<6X9`("Courier NewTTegulard6X@DQ@a:\logo.wptc:\office\wpwin\template\logo\logrc.wpt<6X9`("Courier 10cpiXx6X@8;X@\ `ier 10cpiC\  P6QP<6X9`("Courier 12cpid6X@8;@disaggregatedcombating<6X9`("Courier NewTTXXx6X@DQX@\  `*Times New RomanTTXXP\  P6QXP;6X9`(CourierW1anTTc6X@Q@c:\office\wpwin\template\logo\logrc.wptc@TABLE B;6X9`(CourierW1TABLE A(@@&@@W<@W @\7@\ @z @z&@7@&@(@<@:@D@@D@ C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ;;' dxd ,l'+X(XXX*XX(  33  CRC/C/15/Add.65  page  34  ̄ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5  l(+X(XXX*XX(  33   ++X  CRC/C/15/Add.65    page  34  ($      #A<< c(2$ !+}X!<XXXf9XX!<  33   <6X9`("Courier 12cpi 7 l(+X(XXX*XX(  33  +RB>z \\: p  @ H@EG1\  G1\      }  ,l'+X(XXX*XX(  33  CRC/C/57  page  68   7 ,l'+X(XXX*XX(  33  +RB>z \nt p @ H@EG1nttG1nt "X(XXX*XX(  33  CRC/C/54  page  57  Table_A # l(+X(XXX*XX(  33   ++DX D CRC/C/57   ++D++ D page  68    }   XX/XXXPXX/ԀCRC/C/54  Ѐpage  57  <( 9Z &Courier Regular !+}X(XXX*XX(  33   +7}TRW 6&A43'6&A43'T/[*w"ddd Xdd Xdd X$$w,h , +    *UNITED  NATIONS#>#XSX#X(XXXS#XTXXX(A")F{ dEF{ A .$:  .#XXT#s#s#e CRC# e#s#s#XTX5+)3 0  5u ?/+p|057 ` ED7vp u i$i$$$*f"ddh  "i$i$f,dd ,d , nd +   u   ststsGsG stststst stststst stststst stststst sGsGstst 6,'`  HXX  6#XXT^# % #    %#    ConventionontheRightsoftheChild#    c# %   #  %!#XTX )J r  )33#X(XXXT##*XX( #Distr.%  GENERAL% % ) CRC/C/57%) % * 31October1996%* "US  Original:% + ENGLISH%+[  7-' ! ~~ 7  f  33V  /"""  /33!TX* )f """ )    #*X!T) #33  /""""Hp   /33!TX*)   """" )#*X!T #33 A;) QxdCEQP{ A+ 733%  @h h pCOMMITTEEONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILD b @00pReportonthethirteenthsession  @  p(Geneva,23September11October1996)@'pCONTENTSChapteruu<#ParagraphsPage Fn# %6"+ ,X U k"%XX6%&%6"+ ,X U "%XX6%&&6"+ ,X U "%XX6&I.  ORGANIZATIONALANDOTHERMATTERS=.0  115 " 3 %   A. StatespartiestotheConvention=.3  12 " 3 V~'   B. Openinganddurationofthesession=.6  3 " 3 )   C. Membershipandattendance=.,  49 " 3 f+   D. Agenda=.b b   10 " 4 -   E. Presessionalworkinggroup=..  1113 " 5 v!/   F. Organizationofwork=.'  14 " 5 "&!1   G. Futureregularmeetings=.*  15 " 5 $"3 ̀II.  REPORTSBYSTATESPARTIESUNDERARTICLE44OFTHE &6$5   CONVENTION=.k k   16221 " 6 &$6   A. Submissionofreports=.>>(  1619 " 6 Z(&8   B. Considerationofreports=.jj+  20221 " 6 ) (:     U Concludingobservations:Morocco=.997  2553 " 7 j+)<     U Concludingobservations:Nigeria=.997  5497 " 12 ,+> GE.9618895(E) 0*.B /[}   @!pCONTENTS(continued) : uu<#ParagraphsPage  &N"+ ,X U "%X+ ,X U k"%XN&    U Concludingobservations:Uruguay=.997  98124 " 19 J     U Concludingobservations:UnitedKingdomof    U GreatBritainandNorthernIreland:    U DependentTerritories(HongKong)=.997  125160 " 23 Z      U Concludingobservations:Mauritius=.9  161193 " 29        U Concludingobservations:Slovenia=.8  194221 " 3(4()3) j0  III.  OVERVIEWOFTHEOTHERACTIVITIESOFTHECOMMITTEE=.A  222257 " 38     A. MethodsofworkoftheCommittee=.3  222228 " 38 z@    B. Reviewofdevelopmentsrelevanttotheworkof      theCommittee=.   229236 " 39    C. CooperationwithUnitedNationsandother N    competentbodies=.JJ#  237241 " 41    D. Generaldiscussiononthechildandthemedia=.@  242257 " 42 ` ̀IV.  DRAFTPROVISIONALAGENDAFORTHEFOURTEENTHSESSION=.ooC  258 " 48 " ̀V.  ADOPTIONOFTHEREPORT=.&  259 " 49 p @(pAnnexes 2 K+ ,X U !"%X+ ,X U "%XKӀI.  StateswhichhaveratifiedoraccededtotheConventiononthe     RightsoftheChildasat11October1996!!G!.9 " 50 ~D! ̀II.  MembershipoftheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild!!G!.F " 56  # III.  StatusofsubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesunder !T%   article44oftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild  asat11October1996!!G!.% " 57 #' ̀IV.  ListofinitialreportsconsideredbytheCommitteeonthe $d)   RightsoftheChildasat11October1996!!G!.9 " 68 b%( * ̀V.  Provisionallistofinitialreportsscheduledforconsideration &!,   attheCommittee'sfourteenthandfifteenthsessions!!G!.D " 71 't"- ̀VI.  Listofdocumentsandcontrib$v$utionssubmittedforthegeneral 6)#/   discussiononthechildandthemedia  !heldon!""7October1996#: ! listofdocumentscontributed#!!G!.L " 72 )$0 VII.  Listofdocumentsissuedforthethirteenthsessionofthe +H&2   Committee!!G!.   " 75 F, '3   -'4 @h h pI.ORGANIZATIONALANDOTHERMATTERS9++X*X+ ,X U !"%X9@h h pA.StatespartiestotheConvention  1.  Asat11October1996,theclosingdateofthethirteenthsessionofthe J CommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,therewere187StatespartiestotheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.TheConventionwasadoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyinresolution44/25of20November1989andopenedforsignatureandratificationoraccessioninNewYorkon26January1990.Itenteredintoforceon2September1990,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofitsarticle49.AlistofStatesthathavesigned,ratifiedoraccededtotheConventioniscontainedinannexItothepresentreport.2.  Thetextsofthedeclarations,reservationsorobjectionsmadeby .  StatespartieswithrespecttotheConventionarereproducedindocumentCRC/C/2/Rev.5.@ pB.Openinganddurationofthesession >  3.  TheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildhelditsthirteenthsessionat  theUnitedNationsOfficeinGenevafrom23Septemberto11October1996.TheCommitteeheld29meetings(315th-343rd).AnaccountoftheCommittee'sdeliberationsatitsthirteenthsessioniscontainedintherelevantsummaryrecords(CRC/C/SR.315,317-319,321323,326-338and343).Attheopeningofthesession,theHighCommissionerforHumanRights,Mr.JosAyalaLasso,addressedtheCommittee,andinformeditofrecentdevelopmentsrelevanttotheprotectionandpromotionoftherightsofthechild.@pC.Membershipandattendance p 4.  AllthemembersoftheCommitteeattendedthethirteenthsession.A 2 listofthemembers,togetherwithanindicationofthedurationoftheirtermsofoffice,isprovidedinannexIItothepresentreport.5.  ThefollowingUnitedNationsbodieswererepresentedatthesession: B" UnitedNationsChildren'sFund,OfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees.6.  Thefollowingspecializedagencieswerealsorepresentedatthesession: R"& InternationalLabourOrganization,UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization,WorldHealthOrganization.7.  RepresentativesoftheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossandof b%( * theInstitutHenriDunantalsoattendedthesession.8.  ArepresentativeoftheHongKongLegislativeCouncilalsoattendedthe 't"- session.  )$0 9.  Representativesofthefollowingnon-governmentalorganizationswere : alsoinattendanceatthesession:GeneralConsultativeStatus8  InternationalAbolitionistFederation,InternationalMovementATD   FourthWorld,ZontaInternational. ]!]! SpecialConsultativeStatus Z  0  CaritasInternationalis,DefenceforChildrenInternational,InternationalCatholicChildBureau,InternationalFederationofWomeninLegalCareers,InternationalFederationTerredesHommes,InternationalServiceforHumanRights. ## Roster |    WorldOrganizationagainstTorture.Others  0  EpochWorldwide,Fundaci;nHernandiana,HongKongCommitteeonChildren'sRights,InternationalInnerWheel,NetworkfortheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,NGOGroupfortheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,OneWorldProductions. ## @||&pD.Agenda " 10.  Atits315thmeeting,on23September1996,theCommitteeadoptedthe p followingprovisionalagenda.  1. Adoptionoftheagenda.    2. Organizationalandothermatters. ~D!   3.0 SubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesinaccordancewith  # article44oftheConvention.  # #   4.0 ConsiderationofreportsofStatesparties.R"& # #   5.0 ReviewofdevelopmentsrelevanttotheworkoftheCommittee.#( # #   6.0 Generaldiscussionon Thechildandthemedia.b%( * # #   7.0 CooperationwithotherUnitedNationsbodies,specializedagencies &!, andothercompetentbodies.  # #   8.0 MethodsofworkoftheCommittee,includingguidelinesfor 6)#/ periodicreports.  # #   9.0 FuturemeetingsoftheCommittee.+H&2 # #   10.0 Othermatters. -'4 # # Ї@bbpE.Pre-sessionalworkinggroup : 11.  InaccordancewithadecisionoftheCommitteeatitsfirstsession,  apre-sessionalworkinggroupmetinGenevafrom10to14June1996.Mrs.HodaBadran,Mrs.FloraEufemio,Mrs.JudithKarp,Mr.YuriKolosovandMissSandraMasonparticipatedintheworkinggroup.RepresentativesoftheUnitedNationsChildren'sFund,theOfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees,theInternationalLabourOrganizationandtheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationalsoparticipatedinthemeetingsoftheworkinggroup.ArepresentativeoftheNGOGroupfortheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,aswellasrepresentativesfromvariousnationalandinternationalnon-governmentalorganizations,attendedthesession.12.  Thepurposeofthepre-sessionalworkinggroupistofacilitatethe   Committee'sworkunderarticles44and45oftheConvention,primarilybyreviewingStatepartyreportsandidentifyinginadvancethemainquestionsthatwouldneedtobediscussedwiththerepresentativesofthereportingStates.Italsoprovidesanopportunitytoconsiderquestionsrelatingtotechnicalassistanceandinternationalcooperation.13.  Thepre-sessionalworkinggroupheldeightmeetings,atwhichit N examinedlistsofissuesputbeforeitbymembersoftheCommitteerelatingtotheinitialreportsoffivecountries:Ethiopia,Morocco,Myanmar,UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland:DependentTerritories(HongKong)andUruguay.ThelistsofissuesweretransmittedtothePermanentMissionsoftheStatesconcernedwithanoterequestingwrittenanswerstotheissuesraisedinthelist,ifpossiblebefore12August1996.@pF.Organizationofwork n4 14.  TheCommitteeconsideredtheorganizationofworkatits315thmeeting,  on23September1996.TheCommitteehadbeforeitthedraftprogrammeofworkforthethirteenthsession,preparedbytheSecretary-GeneralinconsultationwiththeChairpersonoftheCommittee,andthereportoftheCommitteeonitstwelfthsession(CRC/C/54).@**pG.Futureregularmeetings !T% 15.  TheCommitteenotedthatitsfourteenthsessionwouldtakeplace #' from6to24January1997anditspre-sessionalworkinggroupwouldmeetfrom14to18October1996.  && + 0  II.REPORTSBYSTATESPARTIESUNDERARTICLE44OFTHECONVENTION ## @pA.Submissionofreports  16.  TheCommitteehadbeforeitthefollowingdocuments: J   (a) NotesbytheSecretary-GeneraloninitialreportsbyStates   partiesduein1992(CRC/C/3),1993(CRC/C/8/Rev.3),1994(CRC/C/11/Rev.3),1995(CRC/C/28),1996(CRC/C/41)and1997(CRC/C/51);  (b)NotebytheSecretary-GeneralontheStatespartiestotheConventionandthestatusofsubmissionofreports(CRC/C/56);  (c) NotebytheSecretary-Generalonthefollow-uptothe .  considerationofinitialreportsbyStatespartiestotheConvention(CRC/C/27/Rev.6);  (d) NotebytheSecretary-Generalonareasinwhichtheneedfor >  technicaladviceandadvisoryserviceshavebeenidentifiedinthelightoftheobservationsadoptedbytheCommittee(CRC/C/40/Rev.4).TheCommitteewasinformedthat,inadditiontothesixreportsthatwerescheduledforconsiderationbytheCommitteeatitspresentsession(seepara.21below)andthosewhichhadbeenreceivedpriortotheCommittee'stwelfthsession(seeCRC/C/54,para.16),theSecretary-GeneralhadreceivedtheinitialreportsofAustria(CRC/C/11/Add.14),Barbados(CRC/C/3/Add.45),Ecuador(CRC/C/3/Add.44),Fiji(CRC/C/28/Add.7),Hungary(CRC/C/8/Add.34),Iraq(CRC/C/41/Add.3),Kuwait(CRC/C/8/Add.35),Luxembourg(CRC/C/41/Add.2)andThailand(CRC/C/11/Add.13).ThestatusofsubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesunderarticle44oftheConventionisgiveninannexIII.17.  AlistofinitialreportsconsideredbytheCommittee,as  of11October1996,aswellasaprovisionallistofinitialreportsscheduledforconsiderationattheCommittee'sfourteenthandfifteenthsessionsarecontainedrespectivelyinannexesIVandVtothepresentreport.18.  Asat11October1996,theCommitteehadreceived95initialreports.  $ Atotalof62reportshavebeenexaminedbytheCommittee.19.  Bynotesverbalesdated4June1996,20June1996,23July1996, #' 9August1996,26September1996and2October1996,thePermanentMissionsofYugoslavia,Belarus,Chile,Norway,HolySee,CyprusandItalytotheUnitedNationsOfficeinGenevaindicatedthevariousmeasuresadoptedinthoseStatespartiesasafollow-uptotherecommendationsaddressedtothemduringtheexaminationoftheirinitialreports.̀@pB.Considerationofreports r(8#. 20.  Atitsthirteenthsession,theCommitteeexaminedinitialreports )$0 submittedbysixStatespartiesunderarticle44oftheConvention.Itdevoted17ofits29meetingstotheconsiderationofreports(seeCRC/C/SR.317-319,321-323,325-327,329-334and337-338).  -'4 21.  Thefollowingreports,listedintheorderinwhichtheywere : receivedbytheSecretary-General,werebeforetheCommitteeatitsthirteenthsession:Slovenia(CRC/C/8/Add.25),Nigeria(CRC/C/8/Add.26),Mauritius(CRC/C/3/Add.36),Morocco(CRC/C/28/Add.1),Uruguay(CRC/C/3/Add.37)andUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland(DependentTerritories:HongKong)(CRC/C/11/Add.9).22.  Inaccordancewithrule68oftheprovisionalrulesofprocedureofthe  \ Committee,representativesofallthereportingStateswereinvitedtoattendthemeetingsoftheCommitteeatwhichtheirreportswereexamined.23.  Thefollowingsections,arrangedonacountry-by-countrybasisaccording  l  tothesequencefollowedbytheCommitteeinitsconsiderationofthereports,containconcludingobservationsreflectingthemainpointsofdiscussionandindicating,wherenecessary,issuesthatrequirespecificfollow-up.24.  Moredetailedinformationiscontainedinthereportssubmittedbythe z@  StatespartiesandinthesummaryrecordsoftherelevantmeetingsoftheCommittee.@ pConcludingobservations:Morocco P 25.  TheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofMorocco(CRC/C/28/Add.1)  atits317th,318thand319thmeetings,heldon24and25September1996(seeCRC/C/SR.317319)andatits343rdmeeting,heldon11October1996,adoptedthefollowingconcludingobservations.@PP#pA.Introduction  26.  TheCommitteewelcomesthesubmissionofthereport,whichcontains n4 informationonthelegalframeworkwithinwhichtheConventionisimplementedandonothermeasuresadoptedsincetheratificationoftheConventionbyMorocco.TheCommitteeappreciatesthewritteninformationprovidedbytheGovernmentinreplytothequestionssetoutinthelistofissues(CRC/C/Q.Mor.1)aswellastheadditionalinformationprovidedbytheStatepartyinthecourseofthedialoguewiththeCommittee,duringwhichtherepresentativesoftheStatepartyindicatedinaselfcriticalmannernotonlythepolicyandprogrammedirections,butalsothedifficultiesencounteredinimplementingtheConvention.@!pB.Positiveaspects #( 27.  TheCommitteenotestheestablishmentin1993oftheMinistryforHuman b%( * Rightstodealwithchildrensrightsissues.TheCommitteealsonotestheestablishmentin1994,oftheNationalCongressontheRightsoftheChildwhichhasbeenrecentlydeclaredapermanentinstitution,andthecreationofthepostofHighCommissionerforDisabledPersonsin1994.TheCommitteerecognizesthewilloftheGovernmenttoengageinaprocessoflawreforminrelationtochildrensissuesandisencouragedbythedraftingofanewLabourCode.TheCommitteealsonoteswithappreciationtheadoption,followingtheWorldSummitforChildren,oftheNationalPlanofActionfor theSurvival,ProtectionandDevelopmentofChildrenin1992.Finally,the F, '3 CommitteewelcomestheGovernmentsinitiativetobroadcastanumberofspecialprogrammesonChildrensInternationalRadioandTelevisionDay. @n n pC.Factorsanddifficultiesimpedingthe L     3 󀀀implementationoftheConvention J 28.  TheCommitteenotesthatsevereeconomicandsocialproblemshavehada   negativeimpactonthesituationofchildren.Thehighlevelofexternaldebtandtherequirementsofstructuraladjustmentprogrammeswhichhaveresultedinbudgetaryreallocationstothedetrimentofsocialservices,aswellasunemploymentandpoverty,haveaffectedtheenjoymentofchildren'srights.TheCommitteealsonotesthattherearestilltraditionalpracticesandcustomswhichimpedethefullenjoymentofcertainrightsofthechild.@ pD.Principalsubjectsofconcern   29.  TheCommitteeisconcernedaboutthefactthattheConventionhasnot z@  yetbeendulypublishedinthe OfficialGazette. >  30.  TheCommitteeisalsoconcernedthatinsufficientmeasureshavebeen  takentoensurethattheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionarewidelyknowntochildrenandadults.31.  TheCommitteeisconcernedatthereservationmadetoarticle14ofthe  ConventionbytheStateparty,whichmayaffecttheimplementationoftherightsguaranteedinthisarticleandmayraisequestionsaboutthecompatibilityofthereservationwiththeobjectandpurposeoftheConvention.32.  TheCommitteeisconcernedattheinsufficientcoordinationbetween n4 variousministries,aswellasbetweenthecentralandlocalauthorities,intheimplementationofpoliciesforthepromotionandprotectionoftherightsofthechild.33.  Insufficientattentionhasbeenpaidtothecollectionofsystematicand B" comprehensivedataandtheidentificationofappropriateindicatorsandmonitoringmechanismsinallareascoveredbytheConvention.Disaggregateddataandappropriateindicatorsseemtobelackingtoassessthesituationofchildren,especiallythosewhoarevictimsofabuse,illtreatmentorchildlabourorareinvolvedwiththeadministrationofjuvenilejustice,aswellasthegirlchild,childrenofsingleparentfamiliesandthosebornoutofwedlock,childreninruralareas,abandoned,institutionalizedanddisabledchildren,andchildrenwho,inordertosurvive,arelivingand/orworkinginthestreets.34.  Withregardtotheimplementationofarticle4oftheConvention,the 't"- Committeenoteswithconcerntheinadequacyofmeasurestakentoensuretheimplementationofchildren'seconomic,socialandculturalrightstothemaximumextentofavailableresources.TheCommitteeisparticularlyconcernedattheinsufficientmeasuresandprogrammesfortheprotectionoftherightsofthemostvulnerablechildren,especiallygirls,childrenliving inruralareas,childrenwhoarevictimsofabuse,childrenofsingleparents, F, '3 childrenbornoutofwedlock,abandonedchildren,disabledchildren,and childrenwhoare,inordertosurvive,forcedtoliveand/orworkinthestreets.35.  TheStatepartyhasnotyettakenfullyintoaccountinitslegislation J andpoliciesthegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention:nondiscrimination(art.2),thebestinterestsofthechild(art.3),therighttolife,survivalanddevelopment(art.6)andrespectfortheviewsofthechild(art.12).36.  TheCommitteeisalsoconcernedatthelackofconformitywiththe    spiritandprinciplesoftheConventionoflegislativeprovisionswithrespecttothelegaldefinitionofthechild.Theearlymarriageableage,theminimumageforemploymentandtheageofcriminalresponsibilityaremattersofconcern.37.  TheCommitteeexpressesitsdeepconcernatthepersistenceof z@  discriminatoryattitudestowardsgirls,includingthepracticeofearlymarriage,whichhampertheenjoymentoftheirbasicrights.ThelowermarriageableageforgirlsthanforboysraisesseriousquestionsastoitscompatibilitywiththeConvention,inparticulararticle2.38.  Inthelightofarticle30,theCommitteeisconcernedatthelackof  measurestakentoprovideschooleducationinalltheexistinglanguagesanddialects.39.  TheCommitteeisconcernedthatappropriatemeasureshavenotyetbeen " takentopreventandcombatilltreatmentofchildrenwithinthefamilyandatthelackofinformationonthismatter.Theproblemsoftheexploitationofchildlabour,inparticulartheuseofyounggirlsasdomesticworkers,andchildprostitutionalsorequirespecialattention. C  2   40.  Thesituationinrelationtotheadministrationofjuvenilejusticeand   inparticularitscompatibilitywitharticles37and40oftheConvention,aswellasotherrelevantUnitedNationsstandardssuchastheUnitedNationsStandardMinimumRulesfortheAdministrationofJuvenileJustice(theBeijingRules),theUnitedNationsGuidelinesforthePreventionofJuvenileDelinquency(theRiyadhGuidelines)andtheUnitedNationsRulesfortheProtectionofJuvenilesDeprivedoftheirLiberty,isamatterofconcerntotheCommittee.TheCommitteeis,interalia,concernedthatchildrenaged #' between16and18yearsaretreatedasadultsandthatchildrendeprivedoftheirlibertyarenotseparatedfromadults.@ pE.Suggestionsandrecommendations && + 41.  TheCommitteeurgentlyrecommendsthattheStatepartypublishthe 't"- Conventioninthe OfficialGazette. r(8#. 42.  TheCommitteeisoftheopinionthatgreatereffortsarerequiredto )$0 maketheprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConventionwidelyknownandunderstoodbyadultsandchildrenalike,inaccordancewitharticle42ofthe Convention.TheCommitteewishestoencouragetheStatepartytodevelop F, '3 furtherasystematicapproachtoincreasingpublicawarenessofthe participatoryrightsofchildren,inthelightofarticle12oftheConvention.43.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatperiodictrainingandretraining J programmesontherightsofthechildbeorganizedforprofessionalgroupsworkingwithorforchildren,includingteachers,lawenforcementofficials,socialworkersandjudges,andthathumanrightsandchildren'srightsbeincludedintheirtrainingcurricula.Inthisrespect,theCommitteeencouragestheauthoritiestopursuetheircooperationwiththeHighCommissioner/CentreforHumanRights.44.  TheCommitteerecommendsthattheGovernmentofMoroccoconsider j0  reviewingthereservationentereduponratificationoftheConventionwithaviewtowithdrawingit,inthespiritoftheViennaDeclarationandProgrammeofActionadoptedinJune1993,inwhichtheWorldConferenceonHumanRightsurgedStatestowithdrawreservationstotheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.45.  TheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartytakefurtherstepsto  strengthencoordinationbetweenthedifferentgovernmentalmechanismsinvolvedinhumanrightsandchildren'srights,atbothcentralandlocallevels,andtoensureclosercooperationwithnongovernmentalorganizations.46.  TheCommitteealsorecommendsthattheStatepartyundertaketogather ` allnecessarydataandstatisticsonthesituationofchildreninthevariousareascoveredbytheConvention,includingonchildrenbelongingtothemostvulnerablegroups.Effortsshouldbemadetoensureimplementationofpoliciesandmeasuresforthepromotionandprotectionoftherightsofthechild,bothatcentralandlocallevels,incooperationwithUnitedNationsbodiesandspecializedagencies,includingUNICEFandILO.ItisalsosuggestedthatamultidisciplinarymonitoringsystembeestablishedtoassesstheprogressachievedanddifficultiesencounteredintherealizationoftherightsrecognizedbytheConventionatthecentralandlocallevels,andinparticulartomonitorregularlytheeffectsofeconomicchangeonchildren.SuchamonitoringsystemshouldenabletheStatepartytoshapeappropriatepoliciesandtocombatprevailingsocialdisparitiesandtraditionalprejudices.TheCommitteealsoencouragestheStatepartytoconsidertheestablishmentofanindependentmechanism,suchasanombudspersonfortherightsofthechild.47.  Withrespecttoarticle4oftheConvention,andinthelightofthe $d) currentdifficulteconomicsituation,theCommitteeemphasizestheimportanceoftheallocationofresourcestothemaximumextentpossiblefortheimplementationofeconomic,socialandculturalrightsofthechildatbothcentralandlocallevels,inaccordancewiththeprinciplesoftheConvention,inparticularthoserelatingtonondiscriminationandthebestinterestsofthechild(arts.2and3).48.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatappropriatepoliticalandlegislative *%1 measuresbeundertakentobringlegislationintoconformitywiththeConventionandotherrelevantinternationalnorms.Inparticular,theCommittee,recommendsthereformofthepenalandlabourcodes.Itstrongly  -'4 encouragestheGovernmentofMoroccotoratifyILOConventionNo.138ontheminimumageforadmissiontoemploymentandforthatpurposetoconsiderseekingfurthertechnicalcooperationfromILO.49.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatawarenesscampaignsconcerningtherights J ofthegirlchildbepursuedinbothruralandurbanareas.ItalsourgestheStatepartytoimplementacomprehensivenationalpolicytopromoteandprotectthoserights.Itfurtherrecommendsthatinthelightofarticles2and3oftheConvention,themarriageableageberaisedandmadeequalforgirlsandboys.50.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatspecialprotectivemeasuresbeimplemented  l  inrelationtochildrenlivinginruralareas,childrenwhoarevictimsofabuse,childrenofsingleparentfamilies,childrenbornoutofwedlock,abandoned,institutionalizedanddisabledchildren,childreninvolvedwiththejuvenilejusticesystem,particularlywhendeprivedoftheirliberty,childreninvolvedinchildlabourandchildrenwho,inordertosurvive,areforcedtoliveand/orworkinthestreets.51.  TheCommitteeencouragestheGovernmentofMoroccototakeallmeasures  topreventandcombatilltreatmentofchildren,includingchildabusewithinthefamily,corporalpunishment,childlabourandthesexualexploitationofchildren.Itrecommendsthatcomprehensivestudiesbeinitiatedwithregardtothoseimportantissuestomakepossibleabetterunderstandingofthosephenomenaandfacilitatetheelaborationofpoliciesandprogrammestocombatthemeffectively.Inthisperspective,theGovernmentshouldpursueitseffortsinclosecooperationwithcommunityleadersandwithnongovernmentalorganizations,withaviewtopromotingchangeinpersistingnegativeattitudestowardschildrenbelongingtothemostvulnerablegroups.52.  TheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyenvisageundertakinga 2 comprehensivereformofthesystemofjuvenilejusticeinthespiritoftheConvention,inparticulararticles37,39and40,andofotherUnitedNationsstandardsinthisfield,suchastheUnitedNationsStandardMinimumRulesfortheAdministrationofJuvenileJustice(theBeijingRules),theUnitedNationsGuidelinesforthePreventionofJuvenileDelinquency(theRiyadhGuidelines)andtheUnitedNationsRulesfortheProtectionofJuvenilesDeprivedoftheirLiberty.Particularattentionshouldbepaidtoconsideringdeprivationoflibertyonlyasameasureoflastresortandfortheshortestpossibleperiodoftime,totheprotectionoftherightsofchildrendeprivedoftheirliberty,todueprocessoflawandtothefullindependenceandimpartialityofthejudiciary.Trainingprogrammesontherelevantinternationalstandardsshouldbeorganizedforallthoseprofessionalsinvolvedwiththesystemofjuvenilejustice.TheCommitteewouldliketosuggestthattheGovernmentoftheKingdomofMoroccoconsiderseekinginternationalassistanceinthisareaoftheadministrationofjuvenilejusticefromtheHighCommissioner/CentreforHumanRightsandtheCrimePreventionandCriminalJusticeDivisionoftheUnitedNations(Vienna).53.  Finally,theCommitteerecommendsthat,inaccordancewitharticle44, *%1 paragraph6oftheConvention,theinitialreportpresentedbyMoroccobemadewidelyavailabletothepublicatlargeandthatconsiderationbegiventopublicationofthereport,alongwiththerelevantsummaryrecordsandthe  -'4 concludingobservationsadoptedthereonbytheCommittee.SuchadocumentshouldbewidelydistributedinordertogeneratedebateandawarenessoftheConvention,itsimplementationandmonitoringwithintheGovernment,theParliamentandthegeneralpublic,includingconcernednongovernmentalorganizations.@ pConcludingobservations:Nigeria   54.  TheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofNigeria(CRC/C/8/Add.26) Z  atits321stto323rdmeetings(SeeCRC/C/SR.321-323)heldon26and27September1996and,atthe343rdmeeting,heldon11October1996,adoptedthefollowingobservations.@PP#pA.Introduction .  55.  TheCommitteeexpressesitsappreciationtotheStatepartyforsending |  ahigh-leveldelegationtodiscussthereport.TheCommitteenotesthatthereport,althoughfollowingthethematicstructureforreportingsetoutinthegeneralguidelines,wasincompleteinitsappreciationofthesituationofchildrenthroughoutthecountry.TheCommitteewishestoemphasizethatthepurposeofreportingistoindicatenotonlythemeasuresadoptedbutalsotheprogressmadesincetheentryintoforceoftheConventionandprioritiesidentifiedforaction,aswellasthedifficultiesencounteredinguaranteeingtherightsprovidedforintheConvention.@!pB.Positivefactors ^$ 56.  TheCommitteewelcomestheestablishmentoftheNationalHumanRights  Commission.TheCommitteealsotakesnoteoftheestablishmentin1994oftheNationalChildRightsImplementationCommittee,interaliatoensurethe n4 popularizationoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChildandtheOAUCharterontheRightsandWelfareofChildren;toreviewcontinuouslythestateofimplementationoftheConvention;todevelopspecificprogrammesandprojectsthatwillenhancethestatusoftheNigerianchild;tocollectandcollatedataontheimplementationoftherightsofthechild;andtoprepareandsubmitreportsontheimplementationofchildren'srightsfortheUnitedNationsandtheOrganizationofAfricanUnity.57.  TheCommitteenotesthattheGovernmentofNigeriahasprepareda R"& nationalplanofactioninresponsetotherecommendationsandgoalsenunciatedintheDeclarationandPlanofActionadoptedbytheWorldSummitforChildreninSeptember1990.58.  TheCommitteeappreciatestheimportanceattachedbytheStatepartyto && + improvingthestatusandsituationofwomenandthepositiverolethiscanplayincontributingtothemeasuresrequiredtoaddresstheproblemsfacingchildreningeneralandthegirlchild,inparticular.    3 C.Factorsanddifficultiesimpedingthe )$0     3 implementationoftheConvention *%1 59.  TheCommitteerecognizesthatthesituationinNigeriaischaracterized F, '3 byparticulareconomicandsocio-culturalcomplexities.ItnotesthatNigeria  -'4 isthemostpopulatedAfricancountryandthatitismulti-ethnicincompositionwithover250ethnicgroupswhichhavediverseculturesandlanguages.ItisadditionallynotedthatthepersistenceofcertainharmfultraditionalpracticesandcustomshashadanegativebearingontheenjoymentoftherightsguaranteedundertheConvention.@ pD.Principalsubjectsofconcern   60.  TheCommitteeexpressesitsdeepconcernthattherightsofthechildas Z  providedforintheConventionhaveyettobeinvestedwitheffectivelegalstatusinNigeriaasthedraftchildren'sdecreeremainstobefinalizedandadopted.TheCommittee,whilenotingtheverypositivedevelopmentrepresentedbythedraftingandrevisionofachildren'sdecree,expressesitsregretthatacopyofthedraftdecreeinitsentiretywasnotmadeavailabletotheCommittee.ThelackofsuchenablinglegislationraisesseriousdoubtsastotheprioritypreviouslygiventotherightsofthechildinNigeria.TheCommitteeraisesthesepointsinthelightoftheconclusionitreachedfromexaminingtheStatepartysreportanditsdialoguewiththedelegationthatcertainlegislationcurrentlyinforceinNigeriainrelationtotherightsofthechildisnotinconformitywithvariousarticlesoftheConvention,includingarticle1.61.  TheCommitteeisconcernedaboutthecompatibilityofcustomarylawand  lawspassedattheregionalandlocallevelsandtheirapplicationwiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.62.  TheCommitteenoteswithconcerntheapparentabsenceofadequate " mechanismsforthedeterminationofappropriateindicators,aswellasforthecollectionofstatisticaldataandotherinformationonthestatusofchildrenforuseasbasesfordesigningprogrammestoimplementtheConvention.63.  Withrespecttotheimplementationofvariousprinciplesandprovisions  oftheConvention,inparticularthosesetoutinitsarticles3and4,theCommitteeisconcernedthattheimpactofeconomicpolicy,asatpresentdesignedandpursued,mayhaveledtheGovernmenttoresort,onamoreregularbasisthanitwouldwish,totemporaryadhocfundingmeasurestocoversignificantshortfallsinincomefortherealizationofparticularprogrammaticobjectives.TheCommitteeisconcernedaboutthegapbetweenthecountry'sgrossnationalproductandtheinsufficiencyofresourcesbeingmadeavailablefortheimplementationoftherightsofthechild,inparticularintheareasofprimaryhealthcare,primaryeducationandothersocialservices,aswellastheprotectionofthemostdisadvantagedgroupsofchildren.Equally,theCommitteeremainsconcernedabouttheeffectivenessofmeasuresatpresentinplacetogiveprioritytoprojectsfortheimplementationoftherightsofthechild,aswellastoreduceanydisparitiesbetweenandwithinregionsasregardstheavailabilityofresourcesfortherealizationofsuchprojects.64.  TheCommitteeisconcernedthatconsiderableprogressisstillrequired )$0 towardsensuringthatalladultsandchildrenareawareoftherightsofthechildascontainedintheConvention.Additionally,theCommitteeisconcernedatthelackoftrainingandeducationabouttheConventionforindividualsworkingwithorforchildren,suchaspoliceofficers,chiefsof  -'4 police,staffininstitutionswherechildrenaredetained,leadersatthecommunityandwardlevelsandothergovernmentofficials,aswellasjudges,lawyers,teachers,healthworkersandsocialworkers.65.  TheCommitteeisalsoconcernedthatthegeneralprinciplesofthe J Convention,aslaiddowninitsarticles2,3,6and12,arenotbeingappliedanddulyintegratedintotheimplementationofallarticlesoftheConvention.Concernisexpressedatthestatusandsituationofgirlchildrenandtheinsufficiencyofmeasurestopreventandcombatdiscriminationpractisedagainstthem.OfequalconcerntotheCommitteeistheapparentabsenceofpro-activemeasurestocombatdiscriminationagainstdisabledchildren,childrenbelongingtoethnicminoritiesandchildrenbornoutofwedlock.66.  Inthelightoftheprovisionsofarticle3oftheConvention,the .  CommitteeisoftheviewthattheGovernmenthasnotyetfullydevelopedaproceduretoensurethatthe"bestinterestsofthechild"guidethedecision-makingprocess.Considerationoftheimpactofvariouspolicyoptionsontheenjoymentoftherightsofthechildshouldformanintegralpartofthisprocess.67.  ItisalsotheviewoftheCommitteethattraditionalattitudes P concerningtherolechildrenshouldplayinthefamily,school,thecommunityandsocietyingeneralmaybefrustratingeffortstoachievethefullerparticipationofchildren,asenvisagedinarticles12and13oftheConvention.68.  TheCommitteeisconcernedaboutthepersistenceofearlymarriage, " childbetrothals,discriminationininheritance,widowhoodpracticesandotherharmfultraditionalpractices.ThesepracticesareincompatiblewiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.Moreparticularly,thecontinuationofthepracticeoffemalegenitalmutilationisofdeepconcerntotheCommittee;althoughmeasuresarebeingtakentoaddressthispractice,theCommitteeisoftheviewthattheyareinsufficient.Theproblemsof1Oviolenceagainstchildrenandthephysicalabuseofchildreninthefamily,inschools,inthecommunityandinsocietyarealsoofmajorconcerntotheCommittee.69.  TheCommitteeviewsthetrendofrisingchildmortalityratesasa !T% matterofdeepconcern.DespitetheGovernment'sstatedpolicyofsupportingprimaryhealthcareprogrammesoverthoseprovidingcurativehealthcare,theCommitteeviewstheaccesstoqualityhealth-careservicesasunsatisfactory.Equally,theeffectivenessofmeasuresundertakentoavoidregionalvariationsintheprovisionofhealth-careservicesandmedicalsuppliesremainsacauseofconcerntotheCommittee.TheCommitteeisalsoconcernedabouttheproblemsencounteredinprovidingaccesstosafewater.70.  Inviewoftheconsiderableincidenceofpovertyinthecountryandthe r(8#. insufficiencyoftheminimumwageinmeetingbasicneeds,theCommitteeviewstheabsenceofsocialsupporttofamilies,includingsingle-parentfamilies,especiallyfemale-headedhouseholds,asamatterofseriousconcern.71.  TheStateparty'srecognitionoftheimportanceofpromotingeducation F, '3 forallasatooltoimprovethesituationofchildren,especiallygirl  -'4 1OTRW 6&A4W 6&A46&A46&A4T  )1OTRW 6&A4W 6&A46&A46&A4T  )&1OTRW 6&A4W 6&A46&A46&A4T  &$1OTRW 6&A4W 6&A46&A46&A4T  $children,iswelcomed.However,theCommitteeremainsconcernedaboutthe : effectivenessofmeasuresbeingtakentoharmonizepolicyprioritiesinthisareawithadequatebudgetaryallocations.72.  TheCommitteeexpressesitsregretthatinsufficientmeasuresarebeing J takentoaddresstheproblemsofchildabuse,includingsexualabuse,andthesaleandtraffickingofchildren,childprostitutionandchildpornography.73.  ItistheviewoftheCommitteethatcurrentlegislationwithregardto Z  theadministrationofjuvenilejusticeandtheinstitutionalizationofchildrendoesnotappeartoconformtotheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.Inthisregard,theprovisionsofnationallegislationwhichpermitsentencingtocapitalpunishmentareincompatiblewiththeprovisionsofarticle37(a)oftheConvention.74.  TheCommitteeisalsoconcernedthattheprovisionsofnational |  legislationbywhichachildmaybedetained"atHerMajesty'sPleasure"maypermittheindiscriminatesentencingofchildrenforindeterminateperiods.Furthermore,theCommitteeisworriedabouttheprovisionsofnationallegislationwhichprovideforthedetentionofchildrenassessedtobe"beyondparentalcontrol".Thepossibilitythatabandonedchildrenorchildrenlivingand/orworkingonthestreetwouldhavesuchmeasuresappliedagainstthemisofspecialconcerntotheCommittee.ItistheviewoftheCommitteethattheselegislativemeasuresdonotappeartobecompatiblewiththeprovisionsofarticle37(b)oftheConvention,whichlaysdownthatthearrest,detentionorimprisonmentofachildshallonlybeusedasameasureoflastresortandfortheshortestappropriateperiodoftime.Equally,theCommitteeisconcernedabouttheapplicationinpracticeoftheprovisionsofsection3oftheChildrenandPersonsLawmayleadtothearbitrarydetentionofchildren,whichisincompatiblewiththeprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConvention.75.  TheCommitteenoteswithseriousconcernthelowageofcriminal   responsibilityforchildreninNigeria,atpresentsevenyearsofage,andthatchildrenevenundertheageofsevenmaybebroughtbeforethecourts.TheCommitteeisalsoverymuchconcernedabouttheadequacyofsafeguardsforallchildrenbroughtbeforethecourts,requiredunderarticle40oftheConvention.76.  Moreover,theCommitteeisseriouslyconcernedabouttheconditionsin #' placesofdetentionforchildren,especiallywithregardtochildren'saccesstotheirparents,themedicalservicesandeducationalprogrammesofferedandtheservicesinplacetofacilitatetherecoveryandrehabilitationofchildren.Itisequallyconcernedabouttheinappropriatenessandineffectivenessofmeasuresforthesupervisionandmonitoringofthesituationofchildrenindetention,includingfordealingwithchildren'scomplaintsofabuseorill-treatment,andthelackofmeasurestoensurethatthesecomplaintsareaddressedinaseriousandexpeditiousmanner.77.  Furthermore,theCommitteeisdeeplyalarmedthatthenecessary *%1 safeguardsagainsttheexcessiveuseofforcebylawenforcementofficialsoranyoneelseactinginthiscapacityareunderminedbytheprovisionsofsection73oftheCriminalCode.Thismaygiverisetotheviolationof  -'4 children'srights,includingtheirrighttolife,andleadstoimpunityfortheperpetratorsofsuchviolations.Therefore,itistheviewoftheCommitteethattheabove-mentionedprovisionsoftheNigerianCriminalCodeareincompatiblewiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.78.  TheCommitteeisoftheviewthatinsufficientmeasureshavebeentaken   fortheimplementationofarticle32oftheConventiontopreventandcombattheeconomicexploitationofchildren.@ pE.Suggestionsandrecommendations    79.  TheCommitteerecommendsthattheGovernmentconsider,onanurgent  l  basis,theadoptionofthechildrensdecree,draftedinconformitywiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.TheCommitteewelcomesthewillingnessofthedelegationoftheStatepartytoprovidetheCommitteewithinformationregardingprogressinrelationtothedraftchildrensdecreeandtosubmittotheCommittee,assoonaspossible,acopyofthefulltextofthedraftdecree.80.  TheCommitteealsorecommendsthattheStateparty,inundertakinga  comprehensivereviewofthenationallegalframeworkanditsconformitywiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionaccount,shouldalsotakeintoaccountthecompatibilityofthesystemofcustomarylawandregionalandlocallawswiththearticlesoftheConvention.81.  TheCommitteestronglyrecommendsthattheGovernmentconsiderthe ^$ possibilityofundertakingareviewoftheeffectivenessofmeasuresbeingtakentoimplementtheprovisionsofarticle4oftheConventioninrespectoftheallocationofresourcestothemaximumextentpossiblefortheimplementationoftheeconomic,socialandculturalrightsofthechild.ItisfurthersuggestedthatsuchareviewshouldbeundertakeninthelightoftheprioritiesfortheimplementationoftheConventionidentifiedduringthediscussionofthereportofNigeria.82.  TheCommitteeappreciatesthewillingnessoftheStatepartyto B" undertakefurthermeasurestoensurethateffectivemechanismsareputinplacefortheimplementationandmonitoringoftheConventionatalllevelsofgovernmentincludingthewardlevel,throughthemandategiventotheMinistryofWomenAffairsandSocialDevelopment.TheCommitteenotesthatthetaskofcooperatingandcoordinatingwithothermechanismsatdifferentlevelswithregardtothemonitoringoftheimplementationoftherightsofthechildisachallengingoneandexpressesthehopethatfurtherdiscussionswithingovernmentcirclesandthroughoutthevariouslevelsofgovernmentonhowbesttoachievethepriorityobjectivesbeundertakenonanurgentbasis.83.  TheCommitteesharestheviewoftheStatepartythateffective 't"- educationandawarenessraisingamongallchildrenconcerningtheirrightsshouldbeundertakenandthatanevaluationoftheextentofawarenessoftherightsofthechildamongchildrenandadultsshouldbecarriedout.TheCommitteewouldliketosuggestthatsuchanawareness-raisingprogrammeshouldbeextendedtoalladultsandprofessionalsworkingwithorforchildren.  -'4 84.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatprioritybegiventothedevelopmentof : mechanismsforcollectingstatisticaldataandindicatorsdisaggregatedbygender,andrural/urbanandethnicoriginasthebasesfordesigningprogrammesforchildren.85.  ItistheCommittee'sviewthatfurthereffortsmustbeundertakento   ensurethatthegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention,inparticular *t*hebest   interestsofthechildandtheparticipationofchildren,notonlyguide  \ policydiscussionsandformulation,anddecision-making,butalsoareintegratedintothedevelopmentandimplementationofallprojectsandprogrammes.86.  TheCommitteewishestoemphasizethatthegenerallackoffinancial j0  resourcescannotbeusedasajustificationforneglectingtoestablishsocialsecurityprogrammesandsocialsafetynetstoprotectthemostvulnerablegroupsofchildren.Accordingly,itistheopinionoftheCommitteethataseriousreviewshouldbeundertakentodeterminetheconsistencyoftheeconomicandsocialpoliciesbeingdevelopedwiththeStateparty'sobligationsundertheConvention,inparticulararticles26and27,especiallywithrespecttotheestablishmentorimprovementofsocialsecurityprogrammesandothersocialprotection.87.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatasahighpriorityfurthermeasuresbe  undertakentopreventandcombatdiscrimination,especiallyonthegroundsofgenderandethnicorigin,anddifferentialaccesstoservicesbetweentheruralandurbanpopulation.̀88.  WhileacknowledgingtheStateparty'scommitmenttoevaluatingthe  effectivenessofpolicyimplementationfordisabledchildren,theCommitteerecommendsthatsuchpolicyshouldbereviewedtoensurethatitreflectsthegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention,particularlyasregardspreventingandcombatingdiscriminationagainstdisabledchildren.89.  TheCommitteesharestheviewoftheStatepartythatmajoreffortsare ~D! requiredtoaddressharmfulpracticessuchasearlymarriage,betrothalsofchildren,femalegenitalmutilationandabuseofchildreninthefamily.TheCommitteerecommendsthatalllegislationshouldbereviewedtoensureitscompatibilitywiththeeradicationofsuchviolationsofchildren'srightsandthatcampaignsbedevelopedandpursuedwiththeinvolvementofallsectorsofsocietywithaviewtochangingattitudesinthecountryastothenon-acceptanceofharmfulpractices.Asfarasfemalegenitalmutilationisconcerned,allactionnecessarytoeradicatethisviolationofchildren'srightsmustbetakenonaprioritybasis.Publicawarenessandinformationcampaignsmustsupporteducationandadviceonotherfamilymatters,includingequalparentalresponsibilitiesandfamilyplanninginordertofostergoodfamilypracticesinlinewiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.90.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatimprovementofaccesstoandthequality 6)#/ ofprimaryhealthcareservicesbeurgentlyundertaken.Majoreffortstoensuretheequaldistributionofhealthservicesandmedicalsuppliesbetweenandwithinregionsarerequiredimmediately.  F, '3 91.  TheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartyinitseffortstoharmonizethe :  informalandformaleducationsystems,particularlywithrespecttotheapplicationofanationalcurriculumwithinallschools.FurtherstepsshouldbetakentodevelopguidelinesfortheparticipationofallchildreninthelifeoftheschoolinconformitywiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.TheCommitteeencouragestheGovernmenttoimplementmeasurestoimproveschoolenrolmentandschoolretention,especiallyforgirls.Asystemfortheregularevaluationoftheeffectivenessoftheseandothereducationalmeasuresmustbeensured.Measuresmustalsobetakentoensurethatdisciplineinschoolisadministeredinconformitywiththeprovisionsofarticle28,paragraph2oftheConvention.Inaddition,theCommitteerecommendsthat,inthelightoftheprovisionsofarticle29oftheConventionandtheUnitedNationsDecadeforHumanRightsEducation,theStatepartyincorporateeducationontherightsofthechildinschoolcurricula,payingspecialattentiontopromotingtoleranceamongallpeoplesandgroups.TheStatepartymaywishtoconsiderrequestingfurtherinternationalcooperationfortheimplementationofthemeasuresidentifiedfortheapplicationoftheprovisionsofarticles28and29oftheConvention.92.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatnationallegislationbebroughtinto  conformitywiththeprovisionsofarticles37,39and40oftheConvention.Nationallegislationmustcomplywiththeprinciplethatcapitalpunishmentcannotbeappliedtochildrenundertheageof18.TheCommitteealsorecommendsthatarticle73oftheCriminalCodebeabrogatedandsection3oftheChildrenandYoungPersonsLawbereviewedastoitsconformitywiththeConvention.TheCommitteewelcomestheinformationprovidedbytheStatepartythatthenewdraftchildren'sdecreewillsettheagelimitforcriminalresponsibilityat18.However,inviewoftheclarificationprovidedregardingthesystemtobesetinplace,theCommitteewishestoemphasizethatthelegalsafeguardsprovidedforintherelevantprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,includingthoseofarticle40,mustbeprovidedtoallchildren,whetherthedeprivationoftheirlibertyresultsfromtheapplicationofawelfareoracriminalprocedure.93.  ItisalsotheviewoftheCommitteethatthebestinterestsofthe B" childshouldprevailinproceedingsconcerningchildvictimsofparentalabuse,especiallyindecidingwhetherparentshavetherighttorepresenttheirchildinsuchcases.Finally,theCommitteewishestoemphasizethattheConventionrequiresthatdetentionbeameasureoflastresortandfortheshortestappropriateperiodoftime.Theinstitutionalizationanddetentionofchildrenmustbeavoidedasmuchaspossibleandalternativestosuchpracticesmustbedevelopedandimplemented.TheCommitteerecommendsthatmeasuresbetakentoestablishanindependentsystemformonitoringthesituationofchildrenindetention,whetherinprisonsorwelfareinstitutions.94.  InviewofthevariousconcernsraisedbytheCommitteewithrespectto r(8#. theimplementationofarticle32oftheConvention,itwishestohighlighttheimportanceoftheStatepartyensuringthatallchildrenhaveaccesstohealthcare,thateducationbemadecompulsoryasameasuretopreventtheeconomicexploitationofchildrenandthatfurthermeasuresshouldbeundertakentocombatexploitation,suchasthatofchilddomesticworkers,includinglegislativemeasurestoensuretheeffectiveprotectionofthechildagainst  -'4 theperformanceofanyworkthatislikelytobehazardousortointerferewiththechild'seducation,ortobeharmfultothechild'shealthorfullandharmoniousdevelopment.95.  Inthelightofarticles34and35oftheConvention,theCommittee J encouragestheStatepartyinitseffortstofollowupatboththenationalandregionallevelsonthemeasuresrequiredtopreventandcombatthesexualexploitationofchildren.96.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatfurthermeasuresbetakenwithaviewto    ensuringthephysicalandpsychologicalrecoveryandrehabilitationofthechildvictimsofabuse,neglect,ill-treatment,violenceorexploitation,inaccordancewitharticle39oftheConvention.97.  TheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartymakewidelyavailableto   thepublicitsreport,therecordsofthediscussionofthatreportintheCommitteeandtheconcludingobservationsadoptedbytheCommittee.@ pConcludingobservations:Uruguay   98.  TheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofUruguay(CRC/C/3/Add.37) P atits325thto327thmeetings(seeCRC/C/SR.325327)heldon30Septemberand1October1996and,atthe343rdmeeting,heldon11October1996,adoptedthefollowingconcludingobservations.@PP#pA.Introduction ^$ 99.  TheCommitteeexpressesitsappreciationtotheStatepartyforthe  writtenanswerstothelistofquestionsandforengaging,throughadelegationinvolvedinthepoliciesconcerningchildren'srights,inanopendialogueontheimplementationoftheConvention.TheCommitteenotes,however,thatthereportwasnotpreparedinaccordancewiththeCommittee'sguidelinesforthepreparationofinitialreportsandthatitmainlyreflectstheexistinglegalframeworkanddoesnotcontainsufficientinformationonothermeasurestakentoimplementeffectivelytherightssetforthintheConvention.@!pB.Positivefactors !T% 100.  TheCommitteenoteswithsatisfactionthedeclarationmadebytheState #' partywithregardtoarticle38oftheConventiontotheeffectthat,undertheUruguayanlaw,childrenunder18yearsofagecannottakepartinhostilitiesintheeventofanarmedconflict.101.  TheCommitteenoteswithappreciationthestrengtheningofdemocratic &!, institutionsinUruguay,includingsafeguardssuchashabeascorpusandamparo 't"- (remedyprocedureavailabletocitizensincaseofviolationsoftheirrights),intheprocessofdemocratizationofthecountry.102.  TheCommitteenoteswithsatisfactionthatimportantmeasurestakenin *%1 thesocialareahaveresultedingoodindicatorsintheareasofhealthandeducation.  -'4 @ pC.Principalsubjectsofconcern : 103.  TheCommitteeisconcernedattheinsufficientmeasuresadoptedto  harmonizenationallegislationwiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,inspiteofthefactthatinternationaltreatiesratifiedbyUruguayareconsideredtohaveastatusequaltothatofordinarylaws.TheCommitteeisalsoconcernedthatnewlawshavenotbeenenactedtoaddressareascoveredbytheConvention,includinglawsonintercountryadoption,theprohibitionofchild-traffickingandtheprohibitionoftorture.TheCommitteeisalsoconcernedthattheChildren'sCodeadoptedin1934,whichcontainsanumberofprovisionscontrarytotheConvention,hasnotyetbeenrevisedoramended.ItalsoregretsthatanumberoflegalprovisionscontrarytotheConventionarestillinforce,includingintheareasofadministrationofjuvenilejustice,minimumageofaccesstoemploymentandminimumageformarriage.104.  TheCommittee,whilerecognizingtheeffortsundertakenbythe z@  authoritiesinthecollectionofdata,isconcernedattheinsufficientmeasuresadoptedtocollectdisaggregateddataonthesituationofallchildren,particularlythosebelongingtothemostdisadvantagedgroups,includingblackchildren,disabledchildren,streetchildren,childrenplacedininstitutions,includinginstitutionsofapenalnature,illtreatedandabusedchildrenorchildrenfromeconomicallydisadvantagedgroups,whichconstitutesamajorobstacletotheeffectiveandfullimplementationoftheprovisionsoftheConvention.105.  TheCommitteeisalsoconcernedattheinsufficientmeasuresadoptedto " ensureeffectivecoordinationbetweendifferentgovernmentaldepartmentscompetentintheareascoveredbytheConvention,aswellasbetweencentralandlocalauthorities.106.  TheCommitteeexpressesitsconcernattheinsufficientbudget  allocationforsocialexpenditures,inparticularinfavourofchildrenbelongingtothemostdisadvantagedgroupsofthepopulation.TheCommitteealsonoteswithconcernthetrendtowardstheperpetuationofpovertyamongstmarginalizedgroupsofchildren,withalmost40percentofchildrenunderfiveyearsofagelivingin20percentofthepooresthouseholdsand4percentofchildreninthisagegroupsufferingfromseveremalnutrition,whilesocialandeconomicdiscrepanciespersistasregardsaccesstoeducationandhealthservices.107.  TheCommitteeisconcernedattheinsufficientmeasurestakentoreflect $d) inlegislationandpracticethegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention,namelynondiscrimination,thebestinterestsofthechildandrespectforhis/herviews.108.  Inthisregard,theCommitteeisparticularlyconcernedatthe r(8#. persistingdiscriminationagainstchildrenbornoutofwedlock,includinginregardtotheenjoymentoftheircivilrights.Itnotesthattheprocedureforthedeterminationoftheirnamepavesthewayfortheirstigmatizationandtheimpossibilityofhavingaccesstotheirorigins,andthatwhenborntoamotherorfatherwhoisaminor,thesechildrencannotberecognizedbythatparent.  -'4 Ї109.  TheCommitteeisconcernedaboutthehighrateofearlypregnancy,which : hasnegativeeffectsonthehealthofthemothersandthebabies,andonthemothersenjoymentoftheirrighttoeducation,hamperingtheschoolattendanceofthegirlsconcernedandcausinghighnumbersofschooldrop-outs.110.  TheCommitteeisdeeplyconcernedabouttheincreasingincidenceof   abuseandviolencewithinthefamilyandtheinadequacyofmeasurestopreventandcombatsuchabuseandviolence,andtorehabilitatethechildvictims.111.  TheCommitteeexpressesitsconcernattheprevalenceinthecountryof    thedoctrineof childreninanirregularsituationwhichpavesthewayfor  l  thestigmatizationandfrequentinstitutionalizationanddeprivationoflibertyofchildrenonthebasisoftheireconomicandsociallydisadvantagedsituation.TheCommitteeregretsthattheimplementationoftheprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConventionrelatingtotheadministrationofjuvenilejusticehasbeengiveninsufficientattention,bothinlegislationandinpractice.Inthisregard,theCommitteeisconcernedattheinsufficientmeasuresadoptedtoensure,interalia,thatdeprivationoflibertyisonly   usedasameasureoflastresort,thatchildrendeprivedoflibertyaretreatedwithhumanityandinamannerwhichtakesintoaccounttheneedsofpersonsoftheirage,aswellasthattherightstomaintaincontactwiththeirfamiliesandtodueprocessoflawareensuredinconformitywitharticle40oftheConvention.Moreover,theCommitteeisconcernedatthehighnumberofinstitutionalizedchildrenandthatinsufficientmeasureshavebeentakentoensureeffectivealternativestoinstitutionalcare,andtopromotetheirsocialreintegration.112.  TheCommitteenoteswithconcernthatchildlabourremainsaproblemin p Uruguayandthatmeasurestakentopreventitareinsufficient.TheCommitteealsonoteswithconcernthattheminimumageforemploymentinUruguayanlawislowerthantheminimumageprovidedforinapplicableinternationalconventions,althoughUruguayhasratifiedILOConventionNo.138.113.  TheCommitteenoteswithconcerntheinsufficientmeasurestakento B" ensurethattheprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConventionaremadewidelyknowntoadultsandchildrenalike,inaccordancewitharticle42oftheConvention.Moreover,insufficientattentionhasbeenpaidtothetrainingofprofessionalsworkingwithandforchildren,includingteachers,healthworkers,socialworkers,lawyers,policeofficers,chiefsofpolice,staffininstitutionswherechildrenaredetainedandofficialsofthecentralandlocaladministrations,inordertochangeprevailingattitudes.@ pD.Suggestionsandrecommendations && + 114.  TheCommitteerecommendsthat,inthecontextofthelegalreformbeing 't"- undertakenbyUruguayinthefieldofchildren'srights,nationallegislationbemadefullycompatiblewiththeprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConvention,includingnondiscrimination,thebestinterestsofthechild,thechild'sparticipationandrespectforhis/herviews.SuchreformshouldinparticularaddresstheconcernsraisedbytheCommitteeduringitsdiscussionwiththeStateparty,particularlyintheareaswherethenationallegislationisnotinconformitywiththeConvention.  -'4 Ї115.  TheCommitteealsorecommendsthatfurthermeasuresbetakentogather : systematicquantitativeandqualitativedata,disaggregated,interalia,by  age,gender,colour,rural/urbanandsocialorigin,onallareascoveredbytheConventionandinrelationtoallgroupsofchildren,particularlythemostdisadvantagedgroups.Inthisregard,itsuggeststhatfurthercooperationbeensuredwithUNICEFwithaviewtoassessingandevaluatingprogressachieved,identifyingdifficultiesandsettingprioritiesforfutureaction.116.  TheCommitteesuggeststhatstepsbetakentoensureeffective    coordinationbetweentheexistinginstitutionsinvolvedintheprotectionandpromotionofchildren'srightsatthecentralandlocallevels,andthattheestablishmentofanindependentmonitoringbody(Ombudsman)competentinchildren'srightsbegivenfurtherconsiderationbytheGovernment.117.  TheCommitteerecommendsthattheStateparty,inthelightof |  articles2,3and4oftheConvention,undertakeallappropriatemeasurestothemaximumextentofitsavailableresourcestoensurethatsufficientbudgetaryallocationisprovidedtoservicesforchildren,particularlyintheareasofeducationandhealth,andthatparticularattentionispaidtotheprotectionofchildrenbelongingtovulnerableandmarginalizedgroups.Inthisregard,theCommitteesuggeststhatthe childimpactofsuchdecisions N beassessedonanongoingbasis.118.  TheCommitteesuggeststhatmeasuresbeadoptedbytheStatepartyto ` provideappropriateassistancetothefamilyintheperformanceofitschild-rearingresponsibilities,withaview,interalia,topreventing " domesticviolenceandabuse,abandonmentandinstitutionalizationofchildren,andtopromotingresearchintheseareas.119.  WithregardtothehighrateofearlypregnancyprevailinginUruguay, 2 theCommitteerecommendsthatmeasuresbeadoptedtoprovideappropriatefamilyeducationandservicesforyoungpeoplewithintheschoolandhealthprogrammesimplementedinthecountry.120.  TheCommitteealsosuggeststhatappropriatealternativesto  # institutionalcarebedeveloped,withthebestinterestsofthechildastheprimaryconsideration,aswellasthepromotionofhisorherharmoniousdevelopmentandpreparationforresponsibleparticipationinsociety.Incaseswheretheplacementofchildrenininstitutionsisnecessary,measuresshouldbeadoptedtoensureperiodicreviewofthetreatmentprovidedtothechildandallothercircumstancesrelevanttohisorherplacement.121.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatasystemofadministrationofjuvenile && + justicebeestablishedintheframeworkoftheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,inparticularitsarticles37,39and40,aswellasotherUnitedNationsstandardsinthisfield,suchastheUnitedNationsStandardMinimumRulesfortheAdministrationofJuvenileJustice(theBeijingRules),theUnitedNationsGuidelinesforthePreventionofJuvenileDelinquency(theRiyadhGuidelines)andtheUnitedNationsRulesfortheProtectionof JuvenilesDeprivedofTheirLiberty.Inthisconnection,theCommittee +H&2 recommendsthattheStatepartyconsiderseekinginternationalassistanceinthisareafromtheHighCommissioner/CentreforHumanRightsandtheCrimePreventionandCriminalJusticeDivisionoftheUnitedNations. 122.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatlegislativeandpreventivemeasuresbe J takentoaddresstheissueofchildlabourand,inparticular,toraisetheminimumageforaccesstoemployment,inconformitywiththeConventionandwithILOConventionNo.138,aswellastocreateawarenessoftheimportanceofeducationandvocationaltrainingtoprovidethechildwithneededskillsandknowledge.TheCommitteesuggeststhattheGovernmentofUruguayconsiderrequestingfurthertechnicalassistancefromILOinthesematters.123.  Inthelightofarticle42oftheConvention,theCommitteerecommends z@  thattrainingprogrammesontherightsofthechildbeconductedforprofessionalsworkingfororwithchildren,includingteachers,healthworkers,socialworkers,lawyers,policeofficers,chiefsofpolice,staffininstitutionswherechildrenaredetainedandofficialsofthecentralandlocaladministrations.Measuresshouldalsobeadoptedtoincorporatechildrensrightsinschoolcurriculaatalllevels.TheCommitteebelievesthatinformationcampaignsonchildrensrightswillcontributetoensuringvisibilitytochildrenwithinUruguayansocietyandtochangingnegativeattitudestowardschildren.Suchcampaignsshouldaimateradicatingdiscriminatoryattitudestowardschildren,especiallythosebelongingtovulnerableandmarginalizedgroups,andenhancingrespectfortheirfundamentalrights.Inthisregard,theCommitteeunderlinestheimportanceofthegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention,namelythebestinterestsofthechild,thechildsparticipationandrespectofhisorherviews,respectoftheprincipleofnondiscriminationandtherighttolife,survivalanddevelopmenttothemaximumextent,whichshouldguideandinspirealltrainingandinformationprogrammesinthisarea.124.  TheCommitteerecommendsthat,inaccordancewitharticle44, , paragraph6,oftheConvention,theStatepartywidelypublicizeitsreport,thesummaryrecordsofthediscussionandtheconcludingobservationsadoptedbytheCommitteeandthatitgiveconsiderationtotheorganizationofaparliamentarydebateontheimplementationoftheConvention.@N N pConcludingobservations:UnitedKingdomofGreatBritain !% @ pandNorthernIreland:DependentTerritories "\& @JJ&p(HongKong)̜125.  TheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportoftheUnitedKingdomof $) GreatBritainandNorthernIreland:DependentTerritories(HongKong)(CRC/C/11/Add.9)atits329thto331stmeetingsheldon2and3October1996(seeCRC/C/SR.329-331)and,atits343rdmeeting,heldon11October1996,adoptedthefollowingobservations.̛̜@PP#pA.Introduction )R$/ ̜126.  TheCommitteeexpressesitsappreciationtotheStatepartyforthe +%1  timelysubmissionofbothitsreportandwrittenresponsestotheCommittee's +&2 listofissues.TheCommitteewelcomestheinformationprovidedbythedelegationinitsintroductorystatementandforthecooperativespiritwhichcharacterizedthedialogueintheCommittee. ̜127.  TheCommitteenotesthespecialsituationfacingHongKongasa R territoryoverwhichtherewillbeachangeofsovereigntywhenitrevertstothePeople'sRepublicofChinaon1July1997.TheCommitteealsonotesthatmattersrelatingtothecontinuedapplicationoftheConventiontoHongKong,includingreportingarrangements,arethesubjectofdiscussionbetweentheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomandtheGovernmentofChinathroughtheJointLiaisonGroup.@pp+p̜@!pB.Positiveaspects H  ̜128.  NoteistakenoftheenactmentoftheParentandChildOrdinancein1993   whichremoveslegaldisadvantagesthatpreviouslyappliedtoillegitimatechildren.TheCommitteealsowelcomestheadoptionoftheDisabilityDiscriminationOrdinanceaimedatpromotingtheintegrationofpersonswithadisabilityintothecommunity.̜129.  TheCommitteewelcomesthevariousmeasuresbeingtakenbythe x Governmenttoaddressthedangerofguardiansleavingchildrenunattendedathome.̜130.  InformationprovidedontheoperationbytheSocialWelfareDepartment  ofatelephonehotlinetoreceive,interalia,reportsonchildabusecasesis V notedwithappreciation.TheCommitteealsotakesnoteofthemeasurestakentopromoteawarenessofcommonadolescenthealthproblemsandthetelephonehotlineserviceoftheCentralHealthEducationUnitoftheDepartmentofHealth,whichhasbeensetuptodealwithcallsrelatingtothisissue.TherecruitmentofsecondaryschoolstudentsasHealthAmbassadorsintrainingprogrammesoncommonadolescenthealthmattersisalsonotedwithgreatinterest.Equally,thelaunchingofthenewStudentHealthService,aprogrammedesignedtocaterforthehealthneedsofschoolchildrenagedbetween6and18,iswarmlywelcomed,asistheestablishmentoftheHealthCareandPromotionFund,whichisdesignedtostepupeffortsforhealthpromotionanddiseaseprevention.̜131.  TheCommitteenoteswithappreciationtheinitiativestakentomake "d& hospitalsmorebabyandchildfriendly,includingthemeasuresbeingtakentoimprovepediatricwardfacilitiesinhospitalsandalsotoprovideplayareasforchildreninpediatricwardsandareasforparentstostaywiththeirchildreninhospital.TheCommitteealsowelcomestheimprovementstotheComprehensiveSocialSecurityAssistanceScheme,particularlywithrespecttobenefitsavailableinimplementationofarticles26and27oftheConvention.̜132.  TheCommitteewelcomestheinformationpresentedbythedelegation (#. concerningthefiveresearchprojectsonchildren'srightscurrentlybeingundertakenbyuniversitiesandfundedbytheGovernment.̜133.  TheCommitteeencouragestheestablishmentofanindependentbodyto +&2 considercomplaintsagainstthepoliceinHongKong. r-8(4 @ pC.Principalsubjectsofconcern : ̜134.  WiththeextensionoftheConventiontoHongKonginSeptember1994  furtherreservationstotheConventionapplicabletotheterritoryofϜHongKongweredepositedbytheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdom.ItisamatterofregrettotheCommitteethattheStatepartyhasnotyetdecidedϜtowithdrawitsreservations,particularlyastheyrelatetotheissuesofworkinghoursforchildren,ofjuvenilejusticeandofrefugees.̜135.  TheCommitteewelcomestheadoptionoftheBillofHumanRights 0   Ordinance,itnoteshowever,thatthisBillisunentrenched.TheCommittee,ϜwhileacknowledgingthattheBillcontainsprovisionsrecognizingthetwomajorhumanrightsCovenants,thearticlesofwhichalsoapplytochildren,considersitregrettablethattheBillcontainsnospecificreferencetotheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.InthelightofϜthis,andgiventhepositivestepstakenbytheGovernmenttoadopttheEqualOpportunitiesActandestablishtheEqualOpportunitiesCommission,itisϜalsoamatterofregrettotheCommitteethatasimilarstrategyaspursuedforgenderequalityhasnotbeenadoptedfortherightsofthechild.InviewoftheGovernment'scommitmenttoreviewlegislationandpolicyregularlyinthelightoftheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,theCommitteeisconcernedthatsufficientprioritydoesnotappeartohavebeengiveninthereviewingprocesstothepossibilityofestablishinganindependentmonitoringbodyontherightsofthechildandofpursuinganintegratedandholisticapproachtotheadoptionoflegislationontherightsofthechild.̜136.  Whilenotingthepositivestepstakentoestablishvariousmechanisms V fortheexecutionofpolicyandprogrammesfortheimplementationoftheprovisionsoftheConvention,theCommitteeremainsconcernedabouttheadequacyofcoordinationactivitiesbetweenconcernedgovernmentalinstitutionstoensurethattherightsofthechildaregivenpriority.̜137.  TheCommitteeisconcernedthatinsufficientmeasureshavebeentakento   ensurethefullestimplementationofthegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention,inparticularthosecontainedinarticles3and12,especiallyinthechoice,formulationandapplicationofpolicymeasurestopromoteandprotecttherightsofthechild.Inthisregarditisnotedthatasystemforintegratingachildimpactanalysisintopolicyformulationanddecision+-+,,makinghasnotyetbeenputintoplace.ItisalsotheviewoftheCommitteethatthepersistenceofcertainattitudesrelatingtoperceptionoftherolechildrenshouldplayinthefamily,schoolandsocietymaybedelayingthefullacceptanceoftheimplementationoftheprovisionsofarticles12and13oftheConventioninHongKong.̜138.  AsregardsthesituationofillegalimmigrantchildrenfromChinaand B'", theissuesitraiseswithrespecttothequestionoffamiliessplitbetweenHongKongandChina,theCommitteeisconcernedthattheincreaseinpermitsarrangedforthesechildrenandtheirfamilies,from105to150,ismanifestlyinsufficienttomeettheneedsoftheestimated60,000childrencurrentlyinChinawhomayhavetherightofabodeinHongKongafter1July1997.̜139.  Despitethemeasurestakentoaddresstheproblemsofchildabuse, ,r'3 neglectandthenumberofaccidentsaffectingchildren,theseissuescontinue r-8(4 togivecauseforconcern.Equally,adolescentmentalhealthissues,includingtheproblemofyouthsuicide,isamatterofseriousconcerntotheCommittee.̜140.  TheCommitteeisconcernedabouttheapparentinsufficiencyof R Мmeasurestoencouragebreastfeeding.TheCommitteenotesthatpowderedmilkforbabiescontinuestobefreelydistributedinhospitals,contrarytointernationalguidelinesonthismatter.Equally,theextenttowhichtheϜstatutoryprovisionsrelatingto,interalia,maternityleaveandconditions j 0 МofemploymentfornursingmothersarecompatiblewiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionremainsamatterofconcerntotheCommittee.141.  TheCommitteeisoftheviewthatinsufficientattentionappearstohave H  beengiventotheimplementationofarticle29oftheConvention,particularlyinrespectofaccordinghumanrightseducationthenecessarystatuswithinschoolcurricula.̜142.  ThebroadquestionofthetreatmentofVietnamesechildrenindetention `&  МcentresinHongKongdeeplyconcernstheCommittee.ItistheobservationoftheCommitteethatthesechildrenhavebeenandcontinuetobethevictimofapolicydesignedtodiscouragefurtherrefugeesfromcomingintothearea.Whileitisgrantedthatthesituationisacomplexone,thepolicyofthecontinueddetentionofthesechildrenisincompatiblewiththeConvention.̜143.  Inaddition,theCommitteeisoftheviewthatthelowageofcriminal  responsibilityisnotinconformitywiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionandregretsthedecisionnottoraisetheageofcriminalresponsibility.@ pD.Suggestionsandrecommendations n ̜144.  TheimplementationoftheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention 4 requiresthatprioritybegiventochildren'sissues,particularlyinthelightoftheprincipleofthe"bestinterestsofthechild"andofthefactthatGovernmentshave,ininternationalforums,agreedtotheprincipleof"Firstcallforchildren",includinginthefinaldocumentadoptedbytheWorldConferenceonHumanRights.Itisrecommended,therefore,thatintheformulationofpolicyoptionsandproposalsthereshouldbeanaccompanyingassessmentofitsimpactonchildrensothatdecisionmakerscanbebetteradvisedwhenformulatingpolicyastoitseffectontherightsofthechild.ItisalsosuggestedthatstepsbetakentoreflectanddulytakeintoϜaccountinnationallegislationtheholisticandcomprehensiveapproachtoϜtheimplementationoftherightsofthechildrecommendedbytheCommittee.TheCommitteerecommendstheestablishmentofanindependentmechanismspecificallytomonitortheimplementationofgovernmentpolicyinrelationϜtotherightsofthechild.Itisnotedthatanindependentmechanismcouldalsoplayanimportantroleininformingthepublicandlegislatureoftheactionbeingtakenfortherightsofthechild.TheCommitteealsorecommendsthatchildren'srightsbefullyintegratedintothediscussionsonissuesconcerningthetransferofsovereigntyoverHongKongandbeaccordedhighpriorityinthedialogueontheseandrelatedmattersintheJointLiaisonGroup. r-8(4 М145.  TheCommitteeencourageseffortstoinvolvecivilsocietyand : non-governmentalorganizationsmorecloselyinthemonitoringandimplementationoftheConvention,includingwithrespecttothedevelopmentϜofacomprehensivestrategyforchildreninHongKong.̜146.  Aspartoftheongoingeffortstopromoteandprotecttherightsofthe   child,particularlyinrelationtotheimplementationofarticle4oftheConvention,theCommitteerecommendsthatafurtherassessmentbeundertakenϜoftheeffectivenessofthepresentsystemofinstitutionalcoordinationofpoliciesandprogrammesontherightsofthechild,especiallywithregardϜtochildabuse.Moreover,theCommitteewouldliketosuggestthattheϜcollectionandanalysisofstatisticaldatabyagegroupbeguidedbytheprovisionsofarticle1oftheConvention.TheCommitteefurthersuggeststhatconsiderationbegiventoundertakingorencouragingresearchonϜthedevelopmentanduseofindicatorstomonitortheprogressoftheimplementationofalltheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.̜147.  Inconnectionwiththeongoingeffortstoraiseawarenessofhuman `&  rightsandchildren'srightsamongthepopulationofHongKong,theCommitteesuggeststhatconsiderationbegiventotakingfurthermeasurestoinformϜthegeneralpublicabouttheConventionontheRightsoftheChildandtoincorporateeducationabouthumanrightsandchildren'srightsintrainingprogrammesforprofessionals.TheCommitteeencouragestheincorporationofquestionsontheawarenessandunderstandingofthepublicoftheConventionanditsprinciplesandprovisionsinfuturecivicawarenesssurveys.̜148.  TheCommitteewouldliketosuggestthatfurtherconsiderationbe V МgiventoevaluatingtheeffectivenessofmeasurestoraiseawarenessforϜthepreventionandcombatingofdiscriminationandpromotingtolerance,particularlywithrespecttodiscriminationonthegroundsofgender,ethnicorigin,discriminationagainstdisabledchildrenandchildrenbornoutofwedlock.̜149.  Withrespecttotheimplementationofarticle12oftheConvention, ! МtheCommitteeencouragestheundertakingofastudy,fromtheperspectiveϜofchildrenasbearersofrights,onthesubjectofchildren'sparticipationinthefamily,schoolandsocietywithaviewtotheformulationofrecommendationsonthismatter.̜150.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatfurthermeasuresneedtobetakento d#*' addresstheissueofillegalimmigrantchildrenfromChina,especiallywithrespecttothedifficultiesarisingfromfamiliessplitbetweenHongKongandChina.ItistheCommittee'sviewthat,inthelightofthebestinterestsofthechild,actionshouldbetakenonanurgentbasistoreducethewaitingperiodforfamilyreunification,toraisethequotaofpermitsandtoconsiderothermeasurestodealwiththeproblemsthatwillariseinthefuture.̜151.  TheCommitteewishestoacknowledgeonceagaintheimportantefforts )Z$/ takentodealwiththequestionofchildabuse.Notwithstandingthis,theCommitteeisoftheviewthatthepreventionofthisviolationofchildren'srightsrequiresfurtherattitudinalchangesinsociety,notonlyasregardsthenon-acceptanceofcorporalpunishmentandphysicalandpsychologicalabusebutalsogreaterrespectfortheinherentdignityofthechild. r-8(4 Ї152.  Despitetherecentincreaseinthenumberofsocialworkersemployed : Мforchildabusecases,itistheviewoftheCommitteethatthecase--..loadϜofeachprofessionalmaystillbetoohighandthequestionoftakingadditionalactiontoaddresssuchmattersdeservesfurtherstudy.TheCommitteeencouragestheeffortsmadetoaccordhighprioritytoandpursuemoreintenselytheestablishmentofdaycarecentresinthecommunity,includingasameasuretopreventchildrenbeingleftunattendedathome.InϜaddition,theCommitteeencouragestheinitiativetakentoensurewithinfuturereviewsoftheFamilyLifeEducationProgrammeanassessmentofitseffectivenessinpreventingchildabuse.̜153.  Withrespecttoimprovingthesituationofdisabledchildren,the    Committeeencouragestheeffortsbeingundertakentointegratedisabledchildrenintoregularschools,includingthroughinvestmentinstructuralchangestoschoolsandsupporttothetrainingofteacherstoassisttheminadjustingandadaptingtheirteachingmethodstotheneedsofdisabledchildren.̜154.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatareviewbeundertakenofthe &  effectivenessofmeasuresinplacetosupportthepolicyofpromotingandencouragingbreast-feeding.ItisrecommendedthatthequestionoftheϜfreedistributionofpowderedmilkforbabiesinhospitals,aswellasthecompatibilityofconditionsofemploymentwiththeobligationlaiddownintheConventiontoencouragebreastfeeding,shouldformanintegralpartofsuchareview.̜155.  TheCommitteesuggeststhatareviewbeundertakenofthepossible V Мlinksbetweenschoolpressuresandadolescenthealthproblemsinviewoftheconcernsraisedontheseissuesduringitsdiscussionofthereport.TheCommitteealsosuggeststhatthereasonsforsuicideamongyouthandtheeffectivenessofprogrammesforthepreventionofsuicideamongchildrendeservefurtherstudy.̜156.  TheCommitteerecommendstheincorporationofhumanrightseducation, ! includingeducationabouttheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,asϜacorecurriculumsubjectinallschools.TheCommitteenotesthatthisϜwouldrequirethatsufficienttimebeallocatedtothissubjectintheschooltimetable.TheCommitteealsowishestosuggestthatanevaluationofϜhumanrightsawarenessraisingandeducationbeundertakeninthefuturetodetermineitseffectivenessinequippingchildrenwithtoolsforlifeandinencouragingtheirdecisionmakingandabilitytothinkanalyticallyfromtheperspectiveofhumanrights.TheCommitteealsowishestorecommendthatgreaterprioritybeaccordedtotheparticipationofchildreninschoollife,inthespiritofarticle12oftheConvention,includingindiscussionsaboutdisciplinarymeasuresandcurriculadevelopment.Waysandmeansofensuringthefullerimplementationofarticle31oftheConventionalsoappeartodeservefurtherstudy.̜157.  WithregardtothesituationofVietnamesechildrenindetention,the Z* %0 CommitteerecommendsthatanevaluationofpresentandpreviouspolicyonϜthismatterbeundertaken,toensurethatanyerrorsmadearenotrepeatedinthefuture.TheCommitteerecommendsthatfortheremainingchildrenindetentionasolutiontotheirsituationmustbefoundinthelightofthe r-8(4 principlesandprovisionsoftheConvention.ItistheviewoftheCommittee,therefore,thatmeasuresmustbetakenimmediatelytoensureamarkedimprovementintheirconditionsofdetentionandthatothermeasurestoprotectthesechildreninthefuturemustbeputinplace.̜̀158.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatareviewoflegislationinrelationto   МtheissueoftheageofcriminalresponsibilitybeundertakenwithaviewtoraisingthisageinthelightoftheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.̜159.  TheCommitteerecommendswidepublicdistributionanddisseminationof    theStatepartyreport,thesummaryrecordsofthediscussionintheCommitteeandthepresentconcludingobservations.̜160.  TheCommitteerecommendsthattheGovernmentprepareaprogressreport   onthemeasurestakentogiveeffecttothesuggestionsandrecommendationscontainedinthepresentconcludingobservationsbytheendofMay1997.̛@ pConcludingobservations:Mauritius &    ̜161.  TheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofMauritius x М(CRC/C/3/Add.36)atits332nd,333rd,and334thmeetings,heldon3and4October1996(seeCRC/C/SR.332334),and,atits343rdmeeting,heldon11October1996,adoptedthefollowingconcludingobservations.@PP#pA.Introduction V ̜162.  TheCommitteeexpressesitsappreciationofthereportsubmittedbythe  GovernmentofMauritius,aswellasoftheextensiveadditionalinformationprovidedinitswrittenresponsestothelistofissues(CRC/C.12/WP.6).TheCommitteeisencouragedbythefranktoneofthediscussion,inwhichtheϜhigh-leveldelegationoftheStatepartyrecognizedtheneedforimprovementincertainareasconcerningchildren.@!pB.Positiveaspects L" ̜163.  TheCommitteewelcomestheoralandwrittencommitmentoftheGovernment !$ ofMauritiustowithdrawingitsreservationtoarticle22oftheConvention.̜164.  TheCommitteetakesnoteoftheestablishmentin1990byActof d#*' Parliament,oftheNationalChildren'sCouncil,setupundertheaegisoftheMinistryofWomen'sRights,ChildDevelopmentandFamilyWelfare,andwelcomestherecentestablishmentofaninterministerialcommitteeonchildprostitution.̜165.  TheCommitteenoteswithsatisfactiontheeffortsmadebytheGovernment ("- ofMauritiusinthefieldoflawreformandespeciallytheadoption,inpursuanceoftheimplementationoftheConvention,oftheChildProtectionActinNovember1994.̜166.  TheCommitteewelcomestheratificationbytheStatepartyofILO +&2 ConventionNo.138ontheminimumageforadmissiontoemployment(1973). r-8(4 М167.  TheCommitteewelcomesthewillingnessexpressedbythedelegationto : establishanombudspersonfortherightsofthechildoranotherequivalentindependentmechanism.̜168.  TheCommitteealsonoteswithappreciationthattheGovernmentof R MauritiushaspreparedandimplementedtheNationalProgrammeofActionfortheSurvival,DevelopmentandProtectionofChildreninresponsetotherecommendationsandgoalsenunciatedintheDeclarationandPlanofActionadoptedbytheWorldSummitforChildreninSeptember1990.@ pC.Factorsanddifficultiesimpedingthe@@00pimplementation    @#poftheConvention    ̜169.  TheCommitteeisawareofthegeographicalparticularitiesofMauritius. H  TheCommitteealsonotesthatthepopulationoftheStatepartyismainlycomposedofimmigrantsfromvariouscontinents,withdifferentethnicoriginsandculturalbackgrounds.@ pD.Principalsubjectsofconcern &  ̜170.  TheCommitteeisconcernedthattheConventionisnotanintegralpart x ofthenationallegislationandthatnationallawsandregulationsarenotfullyconsistentwiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.̜171.  TheCommitteeisconcernedattheinsufficientattentionpaid,atboth  nationalandlocallevels,totheneedforanefficientmonitoringmechanismthatcouldprovideasystematicandcomprehensivecompilationofdataandindicatorsonallareascoveredbytheConventionandinrelationtoallgroupsofchildren,especiallythosewhoarevictimsofchildabuse,ill-treatmentorchildlabourortheadministrationofjuvenilejustice,aswellasthegirlchild,childrenofsingleparentfamiliesandthosebornoutofwedlock,abandoned,institutionalizedanddisabledchildren,andchildrenwho,inordertosurvive,arelivingand/orworkinginthestreets.̜172.  Withregardtotheimplementationofarticle4oftheConvention,the L" Committeenoteswithconcerntheinadequacyofmeasurestakentoensuretheimplementationofchildren'seconomic,socialandculturalrightstothemaximumextentofavailableresources.TheCommitteeisparticularlyconcernedattheinsufficientmeasuresandprogrammesfortheprotectionoftherightsofthemostvulnerablechildren,especiallychildrenwhoarevictimsofabuse,childrenofsingleparents,childrenbornoutofwedlock,abandonedchildren,disabledchildren,childrenlivinginpovertyandchildrenwho,inordertosurvive,arelivingand/orworkinginthestreets.TheCommitteeisalsoconcernedatthelackofdisaggregateddatainrelationtobudgetaryallocationsforchildren.̜173.  TheStatepartyhasnotyettakenfullyintoaccountinitslegislation (#. andpoliciesthegeneralprinciplesoftheConvention:nondiscrimination(art.2),thebestinterestsofthechild(art.3)andrespectfortheviewsofthechild(art.12).  +&2 М174.  TheCommitteeisconcernedabouttheinsufficientmeasurestakentomake : theprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionwidelyknowntoadultsandchildrenalike,inconformitywitharticle42. 175.  TheCommitteeisconcernedthattheeducationsystemmightnotbe R consistentwiththeprovisionsoftheConventionregardingtherighttoeducation.Inthisregard,theCommitteeisdeeplyconcernedatthehighschooldropoutrates,especiallyattheendoftheprimaryeducationlevel,andatthehighrateofilliteracy.Itisalsoworriedabouttheabsenceofsupervisionofprivateschools.TheCommitteeisconcerned,inaddition,atthedifficultiesencounteredbydisabledchildreningainingaccesstoregularprimaryschools.176.  TheCommitteeisconcernedthattheprovisionsofthePenalCode H  relatingtoprotectionagainstsexualabuse,whichprovidenosafeguardfortheprotectionofboyvictims,areinconsistentwiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.177.  Althoughtheemploymentofchildrenisgovernedbythe1975LabourAct &  whichprohibitstheemploymentofchildrenunder15,theCommitteenoteswithdeepconcernthatthe1990censusconfirmstheexistenceofworkingchildren,inparticularontheislandofRodrigueswherechildlabouriscommon.178.  TheCommitteeisconcernedbythereportedincreaseinchildabuse,  includinginfanticide,domesticviolenceandchildprostitutionandthelackofadequatemeasuresforthepsychosocialrecoveryofchildvictimsofsuchabuse.179.  WhilenotingwithappreciationtheestablishmentoftheNational  AdoptionCouncil,theCommitteeisconcernedabouttheinsufficientsafeguardstoprotectfullytherightsofchildrenintheprocessofinternationaladoption.180.  Thesituationinrelationtotheadministrationofjuvenilejusticeand, ! inparticular,itslackofcompatibilitywitharticles37,39and40oftheConvention,aswellasotherrelevantinternationalstandards,isamatterofconcerntotheCommittee.@ pD.Suggestionsandrecommendations "d& 181.  InthespiritoftheViennaDeclarationandProgrammeofAction,adopted *$( bytheWorldConferenceonHumanRightsinJune1993,inwhichStateswereurgedtowithdrawreservationstotheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,theCommitteewishestoencouragetheStatepartytotakestepstowithdrawitsreservationtoarticle22oftheConvention.182.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatlegislativemeasuresbeundertakento (#. ensurethatnationallegislationconformswiththeprovisionsoftheConvention.TheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytopursueitseffortstostrengthentheinstitutionalframeworkdesignedtopromoteandprotecthumanrightsingeneralandtherightsofthechildinparticular.  ,r'3 183.  TheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartystrengthencoordination :  betweenthevariousgovernmentalmechanismsinvolvedinchildren'srights,atboththenationalandlocallevels,withaviewtodevelopingacomprehensivepolicyonchildrenandensuringeffectiveevaluationoftheimplementationoftheConventioninthecountry.184.  TheCommitteealsorecommendsthattheStatepartygivepriority   attentiontothedevelopmentofasystemofdatacollectionandtotheidentificationofappropriatedisaggregatedindicatorswithaviewtoaddressingallareasoftheConventionandallgroupsofchildreninsociety.Suchmechanismscanplayavitalroleinsystematicallymonitoringthestatusofchildrenandevaluatingprogressachievedandthedifficultieshamperingtherealizationofchildren'srightsforallgroups.Theycanbeusedasabasisfordesigningprogrammestoimprovethesituationofchildren,particularlythosebelongingtothemostdisadvantagedgroups,includingdisabledchildren,childrenbornoutofwedlock,childrenilltreatedandabusedwithinthefamily,childrenwhoarevictimsofsexualexploitation,andchildrenwhoareforcedtoliveand/orworkinthestreetsinordertosurvive.ItisfurthersuggestedthattheStatepartyrequestinternationalcooperationinthisregard.185.  TheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytoconsidertheestablishment x> ofanindependentmechanism,suchasanOmbudspersonfortherightsofthechild.186.  TheCommitteeencouragestheGovernmentofMauritiustopayparticular V attentiontothefullimplementationofarticle4oftheConventionandtoensureadequatedistributionofresourcesatbothcentralandlocallevels.Budgetallocationsfortheimplementationofeconomic,socialandculturalrightsshouldbeensuredtothemaximumextentofavailableresourcesandinthelightofthebestinterestsofthechild.187.  TheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartylaunchapermanent   informationcampaign,forbothchildrenandadults,ontheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.TheGovernmentshouldconsiderincorporatingtheConventioninschoolcurriculaandtakeappropriatemeasurestofacilitateaccessbychildrentoinformationproducedforthem.TheCommitteesuggeststhattheStatepartydevelopacomprehensivetrainingprogrammeforprofessionalgroupssuchasteachers,socialworkers,doctors,lawenforcementpersonnelandimmigrationofficers.Policeofficersmustbespeciallytrainedtodealwithchildabuseandneglect.188.  TheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytoundertakeacomprehensive %| * studyontheimpactofmalnutritiononchilddevelopmentinconnectionwithschooldropoutandchildlabour,andtotakeallappropriatemeasurestoaddressthisproblem.InternationalcooperationcouldberequestedtoachieveϜthistaskandconsiderationshouldbegiventothestrengtheningofcooperationwiththeInternationalLabourOrganizationandtheUnitedNationsChildren'sFund(UNICEF).ItisalsorecommendedthattheStatepartyencourageandsupporttheestablishmentofdaycarecentresatworkplaces,toenablechildrenofworkingmotherstobenefitfromahealthydevelopment.  ,r'3 189.  TheCommitteerecommendsthataglobalstudyonthequalityofthe :  educationsystembemade.Inthelightofarticle2oftheConvention,theCommitteealsorecommendsthattheStatepartytakeallnecessarymeasurestofightschooldropoutandtopreventchildlabour.Measuresshouldbetakentopreventariseindiscriminatoryattitudesorprejudicetowardsgirlchildrenandchildrenbelongingtominoritygroups.Itisalsosuggestedthatsexualeducationbeincludedinschoolcurricula.Itrecommendsthatcomprehensivestudiesbeinitiatedontheseimportantissuestoprovidebetterunderstandingofthesephenomenaandfacilitatetheelaborationofpoliciesandprogrammestocombatthemeffectively.190.  TheCommitteealsorecommendsthat,inorderfullytoprotecttherights    ofthechildinadoptionprocedures,theStatepartyconsiderratifyingtheHagueConventiononProtectionofChildrenandCooperationinRespectofIntercountryAdoption(1993).191.  Inthelightofarticles19,34and35oftheConvention,theCommittee `  encouragestheStatepartytotakeallappropriatemeasurestopreventandcombatilltreatmentofchildren,includingchildabusewithinthefamily,corporalpunishment,childlabourandthesexualexploitationofchildren,includingvictimsofsexualtourism.TheCommitteealsorecommendsthatthePenalCodebeamendedinthelightoftheConvention.Furthermeasuresshouldbetakenwithaviewtoensuringthephysicalandpsychologicalrecoveryandrehabilitationofthevictimsofabuse,neglect,illtreatment,violenceorexploitation,inaccordancewitharticle39oftheConvention.192.  TheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartyenvisageundertakinga V comprehensivereformoftheJuvenileOffenderActinthespiritoftheConvention,inparticulararticles37,39and40,andofotherUnitedNationsstandardsinthisfield,suchasthe"BeijingRules",the"RiyadhGuidelines"andtheUnitedNationsRulesfortheProtectionofJuvenilesDeprivedoftheirLiberty.Particularattentionshouldbepaidtoconsideringdeprivationoflibertyonlyasameasureoflastresortandfortheshortestpossibleperiod,toprotectingtherightsofchildrendeprivedoftheirliberty,todueprocessoflawandtothefullindependenceandimpartialityofthejudiciary.Trainingprogrammesontherelevantinternationalstandardsshouldbeorganizedforallprofessionalsinvolvedwiththejuvenilejusticesystem.TheCommitteealsorecommendsthatthepenallawbeamendedsothatadultshavingsexualintercoursewithboysunder16beconsideredasacriminalact.TheCommitteefurthersuggeststhattheStatepartyconsiderseekingtechnicalassistanceforthispurposefromtheHighCommissionerforHumanRights/CentreforHumanRightsandtheCrimePreventionandCriminalJusticeDivisionoftheUnitedNations.̜/@ p//Concludingobservations:Slovenia//193/01930.  Finally,inthelightofarticle44,paragraph6,oftheConvention,the B'", CommitteerecommendsthattheinitialreportandwrittenrepliespresentedbyMauritiusbemadewidelyavailabletothepublicatlargeandthatthepublicationofthereportbeconsidered,alongwiththerelevantsummaryrecordsandtheconcludingobservationsadoptedthereonbytheCommittee.SuchadocumentshouldbewidelydistributedinordertogeneratedebateandawarenessoftheConvention,itsimplementationandmonitoringwithintheGovernment,theParliamentandthegeneralpublic,includingconcernednon-governmentalorganizations. r-8(4 Ї112@ p211223Concludingobservations:Slovenia332231 : 1194.  TheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofSlovenia(CRC/C/8/Add.25)  atits337thto338thmeetings(seeCRC/C/SR.337338),heldon9October1996and,atits343rdmeeting,heldon11October1996,adoptedthefollowingconcludingobservations.@PP#pA.Introduction  j 195.  TheCommitteeexpressesitsappreciationtotheGovernmentofSlovenia 0   forengaging,throughamultidisciplinarydelegation,inanopen,constructiveandfruitfuldialogue.ItalsowelcomesthesubmissionofitsinitialreportaswellastheverydetailedadditionalinformationprovidedtotheCommitteeinwrittenform.TheCommitteeisencouragedbythefrankandcooperativetoneofthediscussion,inwhichtherepresentativesoftheStatepartyindicatednotonlythepolicyandprogrammedirections,butalsothedifficultiesencounteredintheimplementationoftheConvention.@!pB.Positiveaspects &  196.  TheCommitteenoteswithappreciationthestepstakenbytheGovernment x topromotedemocracyandhumanrightsinsociety,includingthroughconstitutionalprovisions.Inthisregard,itwelcomestheintroductioninthe1991Constitutionofaspecificchapteronhumanrightsandbasic11**  М ֛freedoms,withinwhichtherightsofthechildarealsodefined.TheCommitteeisalsoencouragedbytherecentadoption,inthelightofthe#**#**ԛ V Convention,ofnewlegislationconcerningeducation,healthandsocialsecurity.ItalsotakesnoteoftherecentpublicationoftheWhitePaperonEducation(1996).197.  TheCommitteewelcomestherecentestablishmentoftheCommissionon n4 ChildAbuse.ItisalsoencouragedbytheestablishmentoftheHumanRightsOmbudsmanwhosetaskistosafeguardhumanrights,includingchildrensrights.198.  TheCommitteewelcomestheadoptionin1995oftheNationalPlanof L # ActionfortheSurvival,ProtectionandDevelopmentofChildren(NPA).ItalsonotesthattheConventionhasbeentranslatedintotheSlovenianlanguageandthattheStatepartyismakingeffortstodisseminatematerialstopromotethistreaty.199.  TheCommitteewelcomesthewillingnessoftheGovernmenttocollaborate $) withnongovernmentalorganizations.ItisencouragedbytheopennessoftheStatepartysauthoritiestoinvolvingnongovernmentalorganizationsintheprocessofreportingtotheCommittee.200.  TheCommitteeisencouragedbytheinitiativestakenbytheStateparty (#. topromotechildrensrightsthroughtheorganizationofevents,thepublicationofmaterialsandtheproductionoftelevisionprogrammes.Inthis4  Z* %0 4񛀜regard,theCommitteewelcomes,interalia,theestablishmentofanational  childrensparliament,whichhasalreadyhadsixsessions,andtheexistenceof YouthCouncilsandChildMayorsmeetings. R М̛@ pC.Factorsanddifficultiesimpedingtheimplementation      oftheConvention   201.  TheCommitteerecognizesthedifficultiesfacedbytheStatepartyin j 0 thepresentperiodofpoliticaltransition.ItalsonotesthattheStatepartystransitiontoamarketorientedeconomyhashadaseriousimpactonthepopulationinparticularonallvulnerablegroups,includingchildren,intheformofincreasedunemploymentandcriminality.202.  TheCommitteealsonotestheproblemsexperiencedasaconsequenceof   warintheregion.AlthoughSloveniawasonlyinvolvedindirectcombatforashorttime,since1991theStatepartyhashostedalargenumberofrefugees,includingchildren.@ pD.Principalsubjectsofconcern  203.  TheCommitteeisoftheviewthatthereservationmadebytheState x> partytoarticle9,paragraph1,raisesquestionsaboutitscompatibilitywiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,includingtheprincipleofthebestinterestsofthechild.̜204.  Whilewelcomingtheexistenceofgovernmentbodies,andthecreationof V newones,thatarecompetenttodealwiththewelfareofchildrenatthenationalandlocallevels,theCommitteeexpressesitsconcernthateffectivecoordinationmustbeestablishedamongtheminordertodevelopacomprehensiveapproachtotheimplementationoftheConvention.205.  TheCommitteeisconcernedatthelackofanintegratedandsystematic   monitoringmechanismforallareascoveredbytheConvention,andinrelationtoallgroupsofchildren,especiallythoseaffectedbytheconsequencesoftheeconomictransition.TheCommitteealsoencouragestheStatepartytostrengthenitsexistingdataandstatisticalcapacitytoevaluateprogressachievedandtoassesstheimpactofpoliciesadoptedonchildren,inparticularthemostvulnerablegroupsofchildren.206.  Withregardtoarticle2oftheConvention,theCommitteenoteswith *$( concernthattheprincipleofnondiscriminationisnotfullyimplementedfordisabledchildren.207.  TheCommitteeisconcernedthatthetransitiontoamarketeconomymay B'", threatenthefullenjoymentbychildrenoftheirrightsasrecognizedbytheConvention.Itisalsoworriedabouttheinsufficientlevelofsupportgiventosingleparentfamilies.208.  TheCommitteeisconcernedthatchildrendroppingoutofschoolduring  +%1 thecompulsorystageofeducationhaveinsufficientalternativeeducationalprogrammes,suchasvocationaltraining. r-8(4 209.  TheCommitteeisconcernedthatappropriatemeasureshavenotyetbeen : takentopreventandcombateffectivelyilltreatmentofchildrenwithinthefamilyandthatinsufficientinformationexistsonthismatter.210.  TheCommitteeisconcernedthatsocietyisnotsufficientlysensitiveto R theneedsandsituationofparticularlyvulnerablechildren,suchasRomachildren.211.  TheCommitteeisconcernedthatinsomespecificcasestherightsof j 0 childrenmaynotbefullytakenintoaccountinintercountryadoptionprocedures.212.  Thesituationinrelationtotheadministrationofjuvenilejusticeand H  inparticularitscompatibilitywitharticles37,39and40oftheConvention,aswellasotherrelevantstandardssuchastheBeijingRules,theRiyadhGuidelinesandtheUnitedNationsRulesfortheProtectionofJuvenilesDeprivedoftheirLiberty,isamatterofconcerntotheCommittee.TheCommitteeisparticularlyworriedaboutthelowagesetforcriminalresponsibility,andthelengthofpreliminaryinvestigationandofpretrialdetention.0  + @ p##E.Suggestionsandrecommendations x> 213.  TheCommitteetakesnoteofthestatementmadebythedelegationthat  thereservationonarticle9,paragraph1,madebySloveniauponratificationϜoftheConvention#**0#ԛmaybereviewed,withaviewtoitseventualwithdrawal. V ItwishestoencouragetheStatepartytoconsiderwithdrawingthisreservationtotheConvention,andwouldliketobekeptinformedofdevelopmentsonthismatter.214.  TheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartystrengthenmechanismsto n4 enhancethecoordinationofgovernmentalpolicies,aswellasthoseofcentralandlocalauthorities,inthefieldofchildren'srights,withaviewtoeliminatingpossibledisparitiesordiscriminationintheimplementationoftheConventionandensuringthattheConventionisfullyrespectedinallpartsofSlovenia.215.  TheCommitteeencouragestheStatepartytopursueandfurtherdevelop !% itspolicyaimedatdisseminatinginformationandatincreasingawarenessoftheConvention.ItalsourgestheauthoritiestointegratetheConventionandchildren'srightsintothetrainingcurriculaofprofessionalgroupsdealingwithchildren,suchasteachers,lawenforcementandcorrectionalofficials,judges,socialworkersandhealthpersonnel,andintotheschoolanduniversitycurricula.216.  TheCommitteerecommendsthattheStatepartytakeallappropriate ("- measurestoreduceschooldropoutby,interalia,promotingvocational (#. trainingandalternativeeducationalprogrammes.217.  Inthedifficultperiodoftransitiontoamarketeconomy,theCommittee  +%1 encouragestheStatepartytotakeallappropriatemeasurestomaintainandstrengthenthefullenjoymentoftherightsofchildren,particularlywithaviewtoensuringtheallocationofavailableresourcestotheirmaximumextent r-8(4 fortheimplementationoftheeconomic,socialandculturalrightsinthelightoftheprinciplesofnondiscriminationandthebestinterestsofthechild.218.  Inthelightofarticle19oftheConvention,theCommitteefurther R recommendsthattheGovernmenttakeallappropriatemeasures,includinglegislativeones,tocombatilltreatmentwithinthefamilyandsexualabuseofchildren.Itsuggeststhattheauthoritiesgatherinformationandinitiateacomprehensivestudytoimproveunderstandingofthenatureandscopeoftheproblemandsetupsocialprogrammestopreventalltypesofchildabuse.219.  Inrelationtointercountryadoption,theStatepartyisencouragedto    ratifytheHagueConventiononProtectionofChildrenandCooperationinRespectofIntercountryAdoptionof1993.220.  Inthefieldofjuvenilejustice,theCommitteerecommendsthatthe   Statepartyraisetheminimumageofcriminalresponsibilityandtakeallappropriatemeasurestoreducethelengthofpreliminaryinvestigationandofpretrialdetention.221.  Finally,inthelightofarticle44,paragraph6,oftheConvention,the x CommitteerecommendsthattheinitialreportandwrittenrepliespresentedbyϜSloveniabemadewidelyavailabletothepublicatlargeandthatthepublicationofthereportbeconsidered,alongwiththerelevantsummaryrecordsandtheconcludingobservationsadoptedthereonbytheCommittee.SuchadocumentshouldbewidelydistributedinordertogeneratedebateandawarenessoftheConvention,itsimplementationandmonitoringwithintheGovernment,theParliamentandthegeneralpublic,includingconcernednongovernmentalorganizations.  n4 @ pIII.OVERVIEWOFTHEOTHERACTIVITIESOFTHECOMMITTEE@h h pA.MethodsofworkoftheCommittee  ̜@ p1.Guidelinesforperiodicreports R 222.  AtthethirteenthsessiontheCommitteeconcludeditsworkonguidelines   regardingtheformandcontentsofperiodicreportstobesubmittedbyStatespartiesinthelightofarticle44,paragraph1(b)oftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,onthebasisofpreviousdiscussionandpreparatoryworkundertakenbytheCommitteesinceitstenthsession.Infinalizingthenewguidelines,theCommitteehadinmindtheneedforadynamicapproachtothesituationofchildren,andthecatalyticroleplayedbytheconcludingobservationsadoptedfollowingtheconsiderationoftheinitialreportssubmittedbyStatesparties.Italsostressedtheimportanceofdataandinformationcollection,aswellasthedevelopmentofappropriateindicatorsinordertomonitorprogress,difficultiesencounteredandbenchmarksestablishedforfutureactioninthevariousareascoveredbytheConvention.TheguidelineswereadoptedbytheCommitteeatits343rdmeeting.̜@p2.SupporttotheCommittee x 223.  TheCommitteerecalledtheunprecedentednumberofStatespartiestothe > Convention,almostuniversallyratified,andwelcomedthisexpressionofpoliticalcommitmenttopromoteandprotectthefundamentalrightsofchildren.ItwasparticularlyencouragedbythewillingnessexpressedbyStatespartiestotheConventiontousethereportingsystemonitsimplementationasanongoingprocessdesignedtoimprovethesituationofchildren.Inthatregard,itparticularlywelcomedthevariousmeasuresadoptedbyStatespartiesasfollowuptotherecommendationsaddressedtothemduringtheexaminationoftheirinitialreports.224.  TheCommitteenotedwithsatisfactionthecloseandeffective   cooperationdevelopedwithUnitedNationsbodies,specializedagenciesandothercompetentbodies,includingnongovernmentalorganizations,tofosterinternationalsolidaritywithaviewtopromotingtherealizationofchildren'srights,inparticularinthelightofarticles4and45oftheConvention.ThesupportgivenbythesebodiestotheimplementationoftheConvention,andthestepstakenbythemtoreviewandmonitorperiodicallythesituationandhumanrightsofchildren,asrecommendedbytheWorldConferenceonHumanRights,wasparticularlywelcomed.225.  TheCommitteeexpresseditsseriousconcernatitsheavyworkloadandat %| * theincreasingrisksofabacklogbuildingupintheconsiderationofStatespartiesreportsandintheeffectivefulfilmentofitsmonitoringfunctions.ItreaffirmeditscommitmenttodealwithoutdelaywithStatepartyreportsinordernottodashtheexpectationscreatedaroundtherightsofthechild.Similarly,itrecalleditspreviousrequesttotheSecretaryGeneral,madeatitsfourthsession,tostrengthensupporttotheCommitteeandtoprovideitwithaminimumoftwoadditionalProfessionalandoneadditionalGeneralServiceposts.TheCommitteerecalledthedecisionspreviouslytakenbytheHighCommissionerforHumanRightstodevelopaplanofactiontostrengthensubstantivesupportfortheCommittee'sworkandtohelpprovideresources, r-8(4 whennecessary,fortheimplementationofitsrecommendations,includingbytheestablishmentofasubstantiveandmultidisciplinarysupportteamwhichwouldconductitsactivitiesundertheCommittee'sguidance.Theimplementationoftheplanofactionhad,however,unfortunatelynotyetstarted.226.  TheCommitteewasinformedaboutthecurrentprocessofrestructuring   theCentreforHumanRightsandofitsmajorimpactontheservicingoftheCommittee.Itexpresseditsdeepconcernatthenegativeeffectsofsuchaninternalprocessonitsmethodsofworkandonitscapacitytocarryoutitsfunctionsinanexpeditiousandeffectivemanner,includinginviewofthedecreasingnumberofstaffmembersaffectedtotheCommittee.227.  IntheviewoftheCommittee,thatsituationmightcontributeto H  compromisingthedecisiveeffortsmadeuntilnowandhaveanegativeimpactontheenjoymentbyallchildrenoftheirfundamentalrights.̛̜228.  Forallthosereasons,andinviewofitspreviousrequestforthe `&  strengtheningofsupporttotheCommittee,madeatitsfourthsessionitexpresseditswillingnesstobeinvolvedinfutureconsultationswiththeSecretariattoensuretheoptimaluseofavailableresourcesandtheeffectiveperformanceofitsfunctions,inthelightofarticle43,paragraph11oftheConvention.Moreover,theCommitteedecidedtoencouragetheHighCommissionerforHumanRightstoimplementhisplanofactionassoonaspossibleandtoconsiderwaysinwhichsuchaplanmightbetakenintodueconsiderationinthecurrentprocessofrestructuring.   V     3 B.Reviewofdevelopmentsrelevanttothe      3 󀀀workoftheCommittee  229.  Atitsfirstsession,theCommitteehadrequestedtheSecretariatto n4 report,atthebeginningofeachsession,ontheactiontakenpursuanttodecisionsadoptedbytheCommitteeatitsprevioussession.Accordingly,atthe315thmeeting,theHighCommissionerforHumanRightsinformedtheCommitteeaboutrecentactivitiesoftheUnitedNationshumanrightsprogrammerelevanttotherightsofthechild.ThosedevelopmentsincludedactivitiesrelatingtotheplanofactionoftheHighCommissionerforHumanRightsforthestrengtheningoftheimplementationoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,therestructuringoftheHighCommissioner/CentreforHumanRights,theSeventhMeetingofPersonsChairingtheHumanRightsTreatyBodiesandrecentdevelopmentsinotherhumanrightsorgansandtreatybodies.MentionwasmadeoftheSecondUnitedNationsConferenceonHumanSettlements(HabitatII),heldinIstanbulfrom3to14June1996,oftheWorldCongressagainstCommercialSexualExploitationofChildren,heldinStockholmfrom27to5566317788August1996,andofMs.GraaMachel'sfinalreportontheimpactofarmedconflictonChildren.TheCommitteewasalsoprovidedwithaninformalnotepreparedbytheSecretariatcontainingasummaryofactiontakenattheSubCommissiononPreventionofDiscriminationandProtectionofMinoritiesatϜits99::fortyeighthsessiononissuesrelevanttotherightsofthechild.̜  ,r'3 230.  Atthe320thmeeting,theChairperson,Mrs.AkilaBelembaogo,informed :  theCommitteeaboutthemaindecisionstakenandrecommendationsmadebytheSeventhMeetingofPersonsChairingtheHumanRightsTreatyBodies,whichhadmetinGenevafrom16to20September1996(seeA/51/482).231.  Mrs.MariliaSardenberg,whohadrepresentedtheCommitteeattheSecond   UnitedNationsConferenceonHumanSettlements(HabitatII),providedtheCommitteewithanaccountoftheConferenceandstressedtheimportanceoftheCommittee'sparticipationintheimplementationandfollowupoftheHabitatAgenda,whichaimsatthefullrealizationoftherighttoadequatehousing.232.  Mrs.AkilaBelembaogoinformedtheCommitteeontheChildren's    MiniSummitontheAntiWarAgenda,heldinYaounde,Cameroon,inJuly1996,ontheeveoftheconveningoftheOrganizationofAfricanUnityAssemblyofHeadsofStateandGovernment,withtheparticipationofAfricanchildren,Ϝvictimsofarmedconflicts.Theenrolmentofchildreninarmedconflicts,thereinsertioninsocietyofchildrenvictimsofarmedconflictsandtheproblemoflandmineshadbeenattheheartofthedebate.233.  Mrs.JudithKarpmentionedherparticipationinaworkshoponindigenous  peoplesandtheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,organizedbytheUnitedNationsChildren'sFundonVancouverIslandinJuly1996.SheunderlinedtheneedtospreadawarenessabouttheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionamongindigenouspeoplesandtostrengthentheunderstandingofcommondenominatorsbetweentheConventionandtheculturalvaluesofindigenousgroups.234.  Mrs.FloraC.EufemioinformedtheCommitteeaboutherparticipationin  theAsianSummitonMediaandtheRightsoftheChildandtheimportantrecommendationsmadethere,whichwereverytimelyforthethematicdebateon n  Thechildandthemedia. n4 235.  Mrs.JudithKarp,Mr.ThomasHammarbergandMs.SandraMasonwho,along   withMrs.MartaSantosPais,hadrepresentedtheCommitteeattheWorldCongressagainstCommercialSexualExploitationofChildren,providedtheCommitteewithanaccountoftheevent,includingreportsontheirparticipationinvariouspanels(onarmedconflicts,preventionandpsychologicalrehabilitation,onvalues,onthemedia,onthelegalframeworktoprotectchildren'srights,ontheexploiter,etc.).Theverylargecoverageandattentionithadreceivedinthemedia,wereconsideredaspositiveelementswhichhadcontributedtoraisingawarenessandsensitizingGovernmentsconcerningtheneedforfurthermeasurestocombatthatphenomenoninthegeneralframeworkoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild.IntheStockholmDeclarationandAgendaforActiontheWorldCongresshademphasizedthenecessityofbuildingupastrongpartnershipbetweenGovernments,internationalorganizationsandallsectorsofsociety,aswellastheessentialroleoftheCommitteeinmonitoringtheimplementationoftherecommendationsoftheCongress.TheCommitteestressedtheimportanceofensuringeffectivefollowuptothefinaldocumentsadoptedbytheCongressasameansofstrengtheningtherealizationofthefundamentalrightsofchildren,particularlyagainstsexualexploitation.  ,r'3 236.  TheCommitteewasinformedbyMrs.SantosPaisaboutMs.GraaMachel's :  studyontheimpactofarmedconflictonchildren,undertakenfollowingarequestoftheCommittee.ThestudyhadbeenfinalizedandwastobepresentedbeforetheGeneralAssemblyatitscurrentsessionon11;;<<November==>>1996.ThefourmainareasidentifiedbytheCommitteeatitsfirstgeneraldiscussion,namelytheadequacyofinternationalstandards,thepreventionoftheinvolvementofchildreninarmedconflicts,theireffectiveprotection,aswellastheirphysicalandpsychologicalrecoveryandsocialreintegrationwereaddressedinthestudy,andwerethesubjectofspecificrecommendationsbyMs.Machel.̛̜    3 C.CooperationwithUnitedNationsand        3 󀀀othercompetentbodies H  237.  Duringthesession,theCommitteeheldaninformalmeetingwith   Ms.CarolBellamy,ExecutiveDirectoroftheUnitedNationsChildren'sFund(UNICEF).Duringthisexchangeofviews,waysandmeanstoenhancetheexistingcooperationandpartnershipbuiltaroundtheConventionwerediscussed.238.  Similarly,theChairpersonandoneoftheViceChairpersons, x Mrs.MariliaSardenberg,hadaninformalexchangeofviewswiththeDeputyDirectorGeneraloftheInternationalLabourOrganization,Mr.Tapiola,anddiscussednewmeansforreinforcingthepresentfruitfulcooperationbetweentheInternationalLabourOrganizationandtheCommitteefortheimplementationoftheConvention.239.  Atthe328thmeeting,theCommitteeheldanexchangeofviewswitha  representativeofInterpolintheframeworkofitsongoingcooperationwiththatorganization.240.  TheCommitteewasinformedabouttherecentactivitiesoftheStanding 4 WorkingPartyonOffencesagainstMinorsofInterpol,whichhadbeenactivelyinvolvedintheorganizationoftheWorldCongressagainstCommercialSexualExploitationofChildren.Atitseighthsession,whichhadtakenplaceinStockholmduringtheWorldCongress,theStandingCommitteehaddecidedtoestablishwithinInterpoladatabaseonperpetratorsofcrimesagainstchildrenandtofinalizeapracticalmanualforpoliceofficersdealingwithpaedophiliaandotheroffencesagainstminors.Intheframeworkofexistingactivities,mentionwasmadeofthegeneraldatabaseconstitutedbyinformationgatheredthroughawiderangeofpolicecooperationin176countries,aswellasthesystemofindividualfilesonsuspectedoffenders.TherepresentativeofInterpolalsoinformedtheCommitteethataninternationalconferenceaddressing,inparticular,policeforcesinSouth??@@AmericawouldbeconvenedinMarch1997inBuenosAires,andexpressedthehopethatrelevantUnitedNationsorgans,includingtheCommittee,wouldparticipateintheconference.241.  MembersoftheCommitteereaffirmedtherelevanceofclosecooperation Z* %0 betweentheCommitteeandInterpolandtheimportanceattachedbythe Committeetoissuessuchasthetrainingoflawenforcementofficialsin +&2 children'srights,awarenessraisingactivitiestostrengthenthepreventionofcrimesagainstminorsandthedevelopmentofdatainorderbettertoidentifyandapprehendperpetrators. @ pD.Generaldiscussiononthechildandthemedia R 242.  Inthelightofrule75ofitsprovisionalrulesofprocedures,the   CommitteeontheRightsoftheChildhasdecidedperiodicallytodevoteonedayofgeneraldiscussiontoaspecificarticleoftheConventionortoathemeintheareaoftherightsofthechildinordertoenhanceunderstandingofthecontentandimplicationsoftheConvention.243.  Atitseleventhsession,theCommitteedecidedtodevoteitsnextday H  ofgeneraldiscussiontotheissueof Thechildandthemedia,tobeheld H  on7October1996.̜244.  Inanoutlinepreparedtoguidethegeneraldiscussion,theCommittee `  expressedtheviewthat,aswithhumanrightsingeneral,thepressandothermediahadessentialfunctionsinpromotingandprotectingthefundamentalrightsofthechildandinhelpingtoimplementinpracticetheprinciplesandstandardsoftheConvention.TheCommitteealsoexpressedtheviewthatthemediacouldplayapivotalroleinmonitoringtherealizationoftherightsofthechild.Specialreferencewasmadetothe imageofthechildgivenby > themedia,whichcouldeithercreateandconveyrespectforchildrenandyoungpeopleorspreadprejudiceandstereotypeswhichmighthaveanegativeinfluenceonpublicopinionandpoliticians.Referencewasalsomadetoprotectionbythemediaoftheprivacyofthechildinreporting,forinstance,involvementincriminalactivities,sexualabuseorfamilyproblemsandtotheprotectionofchildrenagainstinformationthatmighthaveaharmfulimpactonthem,primarilyprogrammescontainingbrutalviolenceandϜpornography.Finally,referencewasmadetotheroleofthemediainofferingchildrenthepossibilitytoexpressthemselves.245.  TheCommitteeidentifiedthreemainareastobeconsideredduringthe ! dayofgeneraldiscussion:  1.0 Whatcanbedonetodevelopthepossibilitiesforchildrento !$ participateactivelyinthemedia?  # #   2.0 Whatcanbedonetoprotectchildrenfromharmfulinfluences d#*' throughthemedia?  # #   3.0 Whatcanbedonetoencouragethemediatocontributetoimproving %| * theimageofthechildthroughtheirreporting?  # # 246.  Asforpreviousthematicdiscussions,theCommitteehadinvited,inthe ("- lightofarticle45oftheConvention,representativesofUnitedNationsorgans,bodiesandspecializedagencies,andothercompetentbodies,includingnongovernmentalorganizations,mediarepresentatives,researchandacademicorganizations,andchildrentocontributetothediscussionandprovideexpertadviceonthetopicsidentified.  ,r'3 247.  Severalorganizationssubmitteddocumentsandcontributionsonthe :  theme.ThelistofthesedocumentsandcontributionsistobefoundinannexVItothepresentreport.248.  Representativesofthefollowingorganizationsandbodiesparticipated R inthedayofgeneraldiscussion:HighCommissioner/CentreforHumanRights,UnitedNationsInformationService,UnitedNationsChildrensFund,theInternationalLabourOrganization,theOfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees,UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment,theUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization,UnitedNationsNonGovernmentalOrganizationsLiaisonOffice,InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross,NationalYouthBureauoftheOfficeofthePrimeMinisterofThailand,PermanentMissionofAlbaniatotheUnitedAABBNationsOfficeinGeneva,PermanentMissionofHungarytotheUnitedCCDDNationsOfficeinGeneva,PermanentMissionoftheIslamicRepublicofIrantotheUnitedNationsOfficeinGeneva,PermanentMissionofUkrainetotheUnitedNationsOfficeinGeneva,AssociationinternationaledesMagistratsdelaJeunesse,ATDFourthWorld,AlianzaCivicaMexico,BahaiInternationalCommunity,BritishBroadcastingCorporation,BureauInternationalCatholiquedelEnfance,CaritasInternationalis,CentreinternationaldufilmpourϜl'enfanceetlajeunesse,ChildnetInternational,ChildRightsInternationalResearchInstitute,ChildrensRightsDevelopmentUnit(UK),ChildrensRightsOffice(London),ConsultantonHealthandSocialAspects,DefenceforChildrenInternational,InternationalAbolitionstFederation,InternationalSchoolofGeneva,InternationalFederationofJournalists,InternationalFederationofSocialWorkers,InternationalInnerWheel,InternationalSavetheChildrenAlliance,JustThinkFoundation,LutheranWorldFederation,NetworkfortheConventionontheRightsoftheChild(Japan),NGOGroupfortheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,RomanianNationalCommitteeforUNICEF,SavetheChildrenUK,SOSTorture,WomenInternationalLeagueforPeaceandFreedom,WomensWorldSummitFoundation,WorldCouncilofChurches,WorldFederationofMethodistWomen,YoungMediaPartners,ZontaInternational.Ms.DulceP.EstrellaGustalsoparticipated.249.  Thefollowingpersonsmadestatementsduringtheintroductorypartof L" theday:Ms.AkilaBelembaogo,ChairpersonoftheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild;Mr.JosAyalaLasso,HighCommissionerforHumanRights;Mr.ThomasHammarberg,ViceChairmanoftheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildandrapporteurforthedayofgeneraldiscussion;Mr.PaulIgnatieff,Director,UNICEFGenevaOffice;Mr.NeilBoothby,SeniorCoordinatorforRefugeeChildren,UNHCR;Mr.CarlosArnaldo,Chief,FreeFlowofInformationandCommunicationResearch,UNESCO;Ms.AngelaPenrose,SavetheChildrenUK,onbehalfofInternationalSavetheChildrenAlliance;Ms.GunillavonHall,ajournalistwithSvenskaagbladet;andMs.BettinaPeeters,Deputy |&B!+ SecretaryGeneral,InternationalFederationofJournalists.250.  Aftertheintroductorystatementsinplenarysession,theparticipants (#. weredividedintothreepanelstodiscussthevariousissuesidentified.PanelIon Childparticipationinthemedia,waschairedby Z* %0 Ms.MariliaSardenberg,ViceChairpersonoftheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild,andtheRapporteurwasMs.JuneKanefromUNICEF;PanelIIon +&2  Protectionofthechildagainstharmfulinfluencesthroughthemediawas ,r'3 chairedbyMr.YouriKolosov,amemberoftheCommitteeontheRightsofthe r-8(4 ChildandtheRapporteurwasMr.CarlosArnaldofromUNESCO;PanelIIIon : М EREFrFespectfortheintegrityofthechildinmediareporting,waschairedby  Ms.SandraMason,GaGmemberoftheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildandtheRapporteurwasMs.BettinaPeetersfromtheInternationalFederationofJournalists.251.  Afterthediscussionsinthethreepanels,ageneraldebatewasheld,in   which,togetherwithmembersoftheCommittee,therepresentativesofanumberofUnitedNationsorgans,bodies,specializedagenciesandnongovernmentalorganizationsparticipated.ThedayofgeneraldiscussionwasconcludedbythestatementsmadebyMs.ThrseGastaut,DirectoroftheUnitedNationsInformationService,Ms.BettinaPeetersandMr.ThomasHammarberg,whopresentedthepreliminaryconclusionsofthediscussioninhiscapacityasRapporteuroftheday.252.  Ontheoccasionofthediscussionday,UNICEForganizedalunchtime   interactivesessionwhichbroughttogetheryoungpeoplefromtheInternationalSchoolinGeneva,representativesofthemediaandpersonsworkinginthefieldoftheprotectionandpromotionofchildrensrightstodiscussexamplesofeffectivepartnershipsbetweenchildrenandthemedia,withtheobjectiveofprovidingpracticalexamplesoftheuseofthemediatopromotechildrensrights.253.  ThediscussioninPanelI( Childparticipationinthemedia)centred  aroundtheimportanceofchildrenparticipatingnotjustascommentators,butatalllevelsoftheinformationprocess,astheonlywaytoavoidtokenism.Forthatpurposeitwasnecessarytodevelopadequatemechanismstoenablethechildtoparticipateatallstagesofmediaproduction.Itwasalsofeltthatitwasessentialtotakeintoaccountthecontextinwhicheachchildlivedandcommunicated,aswellastoknowtowhatextentandhowthechild'svoicewasalreadyheardineachcommunity.Theparticipantsdiscussedwaysofinfluencingthevariousactorsinhelpingchildrentomaketheirvoicesheard.Suchactorsencompassedabroaderrangethanthemediaassuchandincludedparentsandprofessionalsworkingwithandforchildren.Theessentialneedtoformpartnershipsandcollaborationandtoencourageallactorstomakethelinksthemselvesbetweentheirpersonalconcernforchildrenandtheirprofessionalcapacitytomakeadifferencewasstressedinthatconnection.Thepotentialpositiveimpactoftechnologyforchildren'srightswasalsounderlined,aswellastheimportanceofaccesstoallkindsofmediaincludingtraditionalforms.Theeducationalroleofthemediaandtheglobalresponsibilityofallgroupsinsocietyinchangingattitudeswasmentioned.Lastly,thegroupconsideredthatanyguidelinesproducedmustdrawattentiontothepositivepotentialofthemediaandthedesirabilityofpromotingcollaborationandparticipation.254.  ParticipantsinPanelII( Protectionofthechildagainstharmful ("- influencesthroughthemedia)feltthattherewasaneedtokeepchildrenon (#. themedia'sagendaonacontinuingbasisandthatStatesshouldbecalledupontotakeconcretemeasurestoencouragethemassmediatodisseminateinformationandmaterialofsocialandculturalbenefittothechildandinaccordancewiththespiritofarticle29oftheConvention,ascalledforinarticle17(a).Theclearidentificationofharmfulinfluencesinthemediawasconsideredessential,aswellastheneedtoraise,throughschoolandin r-8(4 otherforums,children'sawarenessofhowtohandlemediaissues.Forthatpurpose,itwasnecessarytopromoteeducationprogrammesonhowtodealinacriticalandconstructivemannerwiththemedia.ItwasalsoconsideredthatabetterHHbalanceshouldbereachedinthemediabetweenconcernforprotectionandanaccuratereflectionoftherealworld;itwasstressedthatpositiveaswellasnegativeaspectsofthenewsshouldbecovered.Referencewasmadetotheneedtoprotectandpreserveculturaldiversityandavoidculturalstereotypes.Thegeneralgenderbiasagainstgirlsandwomenwasmentionedasbeinganimportantprotectionissuethatshouldnotbeovershadowedbytheissueofsexualexploitation.Theneedformediaprofessionalstodraft,ortoamendguidelinesformediainthelightoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChildwasstressed.WhiletheimplementationoftheseguidelinesshouldbecarriedoutbythemediaprofessionandindustryinaspiritofselfMdiscipline,thiscouldbemademoreeffectivethroughempoweringcitizens'associationsandconsumergroupsintheirmonitoringofmediaprogammesandscheduling.FreedomofexpressionwastobesafeguardedasabasicrightenshrinedintheConvention,thoughseveralfeltitwasnecessarytoresorttostrongmeasurestolimittheaccessoftheveryyoungtoinjuriousmediafare,specificallypornography,paedophiliaandgratuitousviolence.SpecificreferencewasmadetoInternet,andsomesuggestedpromotingsoftwaretolimitaccesstoharmfulsites.TheneedtodevelopinallcountrieshotlineswhereInternetuserscouldtransmitinformationonexistingharmfulsitesinordertoallowthoseresponsibleforthehotlinetogetherwithotherinterestedpartiestofindsolutionswasalsostressed,aswellastheneedtoshareresponsibilityforscreeningthematerialbetweentheindustry,theparents,theteachersandwhereappropriatechildrenthemselves.255.  ThedebateinPanelIII( Respectfortheintegrityofthechildin  mediareporting)startedwithareferencetothegenerallegalframework n providedbytheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,whichaddressedeveryhumanbeingbelowtheageof18.Itwasrecognizedthatthemediaplayedanessentialroleinthepromotionandprotectionofhumanrightsingeneralandthatmediaprofessionals,includingmediaeditorsandowners,shouldbeparticularlyvigilantintryingtosafeguardtheintegrityofthechild.Itwasfeltthattherewasaneedforfurtherdebateandcooperationatthenational,regionalandlocallevelsonintegratingtheprinciplesoftheConventioninmediareportingandimplementingtheConventionthroughthemedia.Thediscussionfocusedontwomainissues.Thefirstrelatedtothewaythemediashouldapproachchildrenassourcesofinformation.Referencewasmadetotheneedtousespecialtechniquestakingintoaccountthebestinterestsofthechildininterviewsorsimulationsinvolvingchildvictimsofviolenceandabuse.Itwasstressedthatitwasusefultoprovidesuchchildrenwithanappropriatechannelofexpression,andthatsuchanopportunitycouldcontributetoraisingawarenessonhumanrightsviolationssufferedbychildren.Thesecondissueconcernedthechild'saccesstothemedia.Inthatregard,mentionwasmadeofanumberofpositiveexperiences,suchasnewsagencieswherechildreportersprovidedinformationaimedatchildren.Referencewasmadetothemostcommonstereotypesinmediareportingaboutchildren,suchasthe"violentteenager"orthemisrepresentationofchildrenfromspecificgroups.Itwasmentionedthatsuchstereotypeswerenotonlytheresponsibilityofthemediabutinvolvedthesocietyatlarge. r-8(4 Ї256.  Onthebasisofthediscussionsonthevariousissuesbothatthe : plenaryandbythethreepanels,thefollowingrecommendationswereformulatedbytheRapporteurforthethematicdebate:0  1. Childmedia.Adossiershouldbecompiledonpositivepractical R experiencesofactivechildparticipationinthemedia,suchas    Children'sExpressintheUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates. ## 0  2. ChildforumwithinInternet.TheUNICEFinitiated Voicesof j 0 МYouthattheWorldWideWebshouldbepromotedandadvertisedasa 0   positivefacilityforinternationaldiscussiononimportantissuesbetweenyoungpeople. ## 0  3. Activechildlibraries.Theexperienceofdynamicchild H  libraries,orchilddepartmentswithinpubliclibraries,shouldbedocumentedanddisseminated. ## 0  4. Mediaeducation.Knowledgeaboutthemedia,theirimpactand `&  functioningshouldbeimpartedinschoolsatalllevels.Studentsshouldbeenabledtorelatetoandusethemediainaparticipatorymanner,aswellastolearnhowtodecodemediamessages,includinginadvertising.Goodexperiencesinsomecountriesshouldbemadeavailabletoothers. ## 0  5. Statesupporttomediaforchildren.Thereisaneedfor  budgetarysupporttoensuretheproductionanddisseminationofchildren'sbooks,magazinesandpapers,music,theatreandotherartisticexpressionsforchildren,aswellaschildorientedfilmsandϜvideos.Assistancethroughinternationalcooperationshouldalsosupportmediaandartforchildren. ## 0  6. Constructiveagreementswithmediacompaniestoprotectchildren n4 againstharmfulinfluences.Factsshouldbegatheredaboutvarious 4 attemptsatvoluntaryagreementswithmediacompaniesonpositivemeasures,suchasnotbroadcastingviolentprogrammesduringcertainhours,clearpresentationsbeforeprogrammesabouttheircontentandthedevelopmentoftechnicaldevices,suchas Vchips,tohelpconsumers L # toblockoutcertaintypesofprogrammes.Likewise,experienceswithrespecttotheintroductionofvoluntaryethicalstandardsandmechanismstoencouragerespectforthemshouldbeassembledandevaluated;thisshouldincludeananalysisoftheeffectivenessofexistingcodesofconduct,professionalguidelines,presscouncils,Ϝbroadcastingcouncils,pressombudsmenandsimilarbodies. ## 0  7. Comprehensivenationalplansofactiontoempowerparentsinthe |&B!+ mediamarket.Governmentsshouldinitiateanationaldiscussionon B'", meanstopromotepositivealternativestothenegativetendenciesinthemediamarket,toencouragemediaknowledgeandsupportparentsintheirroleasguidestotheirchildreninrelationtoelectronicandothermedia.Aninternationalworkshopshouldbeorganizedtopromoteadiscussiononthisapproach. ## 0  8. Adviceonimplementationofarticle17oftheConventiononthe ,r'3 RightsoftheChild.Astudyshouldbeconductedwiththepurposeof r-8(4 developingadvicetoGovernmentsonhowtheycouldencouragethedevelopmentof guidelinesfortheprotectionofthechildfrom  informationandmaterialinjurioustohisorherwellbeing.Sucha  studyshouldalsoservethepurposeofassistingtheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildindraftingageneralcommentonarticle17. ## 0  9. Specificguidelinesforreportingonchildabuse.Toencourage   furtherdiscussioninnewsroomsandwithinthemediacommunityasawholeguidelinesshouldbedraftedbyappropriatejournalistbodiesonhowtoreportonabuseofchildrenandatthesametimeprotectthedignityofthechildreninvolved.Specialemphasisshouldbeplacedontheissueofnotexposingtheidentityofthechild. ## 0  10. Materialforjournalisteducationonchildrights.Material H  shouldbeproducedtoassistjournalistandmediaschoolsonchildrightsstandards,establishedproceduresforchildrightsmonitoring,existinginternational,regionalandnationalinstitutionsworkingwithchildren,aswellasbasicaspectsofchilddevelopment.ThemanualplannedbytheCentreforHumanRightsoftheUnitedNationsasatoolforjournalisteducationonhumanrightsshouldbewidelydisseminatedwhenproduced. ## 0  11. Networkformediawatchgroups.Thepositiveworkofmedia > Мwatchgroupsinvariouscountriesshouldbeencouragedand goodideas  transferredbetweencountries.Thepurposeistogivemediaconsumersavoiceinthediscussiononmediaethicsandchildren.Afocalpointforexchangesshouldbeestablished. ## 0  12. Serviceto childrightscorrespondents.Interestedjournalists  shouldbeinvitedtosignuponalistof childrightscorrespondents. n Theyshouldbeprovidedregularlywithinformationaboutimportantchildissuesandwithinterestingreportsbyothers,andbeseenasmediaadviserstotheinternationalchildrightscommunity. ## 257.  Inviewofthevariouscontributionsmadeandtheimportanceofthe L" issuesconsidered,theCommitteefeltthattherewasaneedtoensureϜfollow-uptothegeneraldiscussion.ItwasthereforedecidedthataworkinggrouponthemediaandtheConventionontheRightsoftheChildshouldbeconstitutedtoconsiderfurtherthevariousrecommendationsmade.ThisworkinggroupshouldincluderepresentativesoftheCommittee,theUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization,theUnitedNationsChildren'sFund,theDepartmentofPublicInformation,theInternationalFederationofJournalistsandnongovernmentalorganizations.Itwasrequestedthatthatworkinggroupshouldconsider,inparticular,Ϝconstructivewaysofensuringimplementationofthe12recommendationsandotherproposalsmadeduringthediscussion.TheCommitteedecidedtoauthorizeMr.ThomasHammarbergtorepresentitontheworkinggroupandinitiateitsconvening.ThegroupisexpectedtoreporttotheCommitteeatafuturesession(MayJune1997).̜  +&2 Л@ pIV.DRAFTPROVISIONALAGENDAFORTHEFOURTEENTHSESSION258.  Thefollowingisthedraftprovisionalagendaforthefourteenthsession  oftheCommittee:    1. Adoptionoftheagenda.     2.0 Organizationalandothermatters. j # #   3.0 SubmissionofreportsbyStatespartiesinaccordancewith 0   article44oftheConvention.  # #   4.0 ConsiderationofreportsofStatesparties.H  # #   5.0 ReviewofdevelopmentsrelevanttotheworkoftheCommittee.  # #   6.0 CooperationwithotherUnitedNationsbodies,specializedagencies `  andothercompetentbodies.  # #   7.0 MethodsofworkoftheCommittee. # #   8.0 FuturemeetingsoftheCommittee.x> # #   9.0 Othermatters. # # ̜  V Л@\\pV.ADOPTIONOFTHEREPORT259.  Atits343rdmeeting,heldon11October1996,theCommitteeadoptedthe  draftreportonitsthirteenthsession.    b}ћ@(pAnnexI : @  pSTATESWHICHHAVERATIFIEDORACCEDEDTOTHECONVENTIONON@z z pTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILDASAT11OCTOBER1996(187)?%+ ,X L%X++X*X?ӜStates Dateofsignature L Dateofreceiptof    Dateofentry          L instrumentof    intoforce          L ratification/  j        L accessiona/   j 0 Afghanistan 27September1990 L 28March1994    27April1994    Albania 26January1990 L 27February1992    28March1992    Algeria 26January1990 L 16April1993    16May1993 H  Andorra 2October1995 L 2January1996    1February1996 H  Angola 14February1990 L 5December1990    4January1991   Antiguaand̀Barbuda 12March1991 L 5October1993    4November1993 `&  Argentina 29June1990 L 4December1990    3January1991 &  Armenia     L 23June1993a/    22July1993  Australia 22August1990 L 17December1990    16January1991 x Austria 26January1990 L 6August1992    5September1992 x> ̜Azerbaijan     L 13August1992a/    12September1992  Bahamas 30October1990 L 20February1991    22March1991  Bahrain     L 13February1992a/  14March1992 V Bangladesh 26January1990 L 3August1990    2September1990 V Barbados 19April1990 L 9October1990    8November1990  ̜Belarus 26January1990 L 1October1990    31October1990 n Belgium 26January1990 L 16December1991    15January1992 n4 Belize 2March1990 L 2May1990    2September1990 4 Benin   25April1990 L 3August1990    2September1990   Bhutan 4June1990 L 1August1990    2September1990 ! ЀBolivia 8March1990 L 26June1990    2September1990 L # МBosniaand̀Herzegovinab/     L     6March1992 !% Botswana     L 14March1995a/    13April1995 "d& Brazil 26January1990 L 24September1990    24October1990 d#*' BruneìDarussalam     L 27December1995a/  26January1996 $) Bulgaria 31May1990 L 3June1991    3July1991 |&B!+ BurkinaFaso 26January1990 L 31August1990    30September1990 B'", Burundi 8May1990 L 19October1990    18November1990 ("- Cambodia 22September1992 L 15October1992    14November1992 (#. Cameroon 25September1990 L 11January1993    10February1993 )Z$/ 򀀀  +%1   a/Accession. ,r'3   b/Succession. 8.(5 М}bStates Dateofsignature L Dateofreceiptof    Dateofentry :        L instrumentof    intoforce         L ratification/         L accession R Canada 28May1990 L 13December1991    12January1992   CapeVerde     L 4June1992a/    4July1992   CentralAfrican     L   j ЀRepublic 30July1990 L 23April1992    23May1992 j 0 Chad   30September1990 L 2October1990    1November1990 0   Chile   26January1990 L 13August1990    12September1990    China   29August1990 L 2March1992    1April1992 H  Colombia 26January1990 L 28January1991    27February1991 H  Comoros 30September1990 L 22June1993    21July1993   Congo       L 14October1993a/    13November1993   CostaRica 26January1990 L 21August1990    20September1990 `  ̜C=tedIvoire 26January1990 L 4February1991    6March1991 &  МCroatiab/     L     8October1991  Cuba   26January1990 L 21August1991    20September1991 x Cyprus 5October1990 L 7February1991    9March1991 x> Czech̀Republicb/     L   1January1993    Democratic  V ЀPeoples̀Republicof̀Korea 23August1990 L 21September1990    21October1990  Denmark 26January1990 L 19July1991    18August1991 n Djibouti 30September1990 L 6December1990    5January1991 n4 Dominica 26January1990 L 13March1991    12April1991 4 DominicaǹRepublic 8August1990 L 11June1991    11July1991 ! Ecuador 26January1990 L 23March1990    2September1990 L # Egypt   5February1990 L 6July1990    2September1990 !$ ElSalvador 26January1990 L 10July1990    2September1990 !% Equatorial̀Guinea     L 15June1992a/    15July1992 d#*' МEritrea 20December1993 L 3August1994    2September1994 *$( Estonia     L 21October1991a/    20November1991 %| * Ethiopia     L 14May1991a/    13June1991 |&B!+ Fiji   2July1993 L 13August1993    12September1993 B'", Finland 26January1990 L 20June1991    20July1991 ("- France 26January1990 L 7August1990    6September1990 (#. ̜Gabon   26January1990 L 9February1994    11March1994 Z* %0 Gambia 5February1990 L 8August1990    7September1990  +%1 Georgia     L 2June1994a/    2July1994 +&2 Germany 26January1990 L 6March1992    5April1992 ,r'3 Ghana   29January1990 L 5February1990    2September1990 r-8(4 МStates Dateofsignature L Dateofreceiptof    Dateofentry :        L instrumentof    intoforce         L ratification/         L accession   R Greece 26January1990 L 11May1993    10June1993   Grenada 21February1990 L 5November1990    5December1990   Guatemala 26January1990 L 6June1990    2September1990  j Guinea     L 13July1990a/    2September1990 j 0 GuineaBissau 26January1990 L 20August1990    19September1990 0   Guyana 30September1990 L 14January1991    13February1991    Haiti   20January1990 L 8June1995    8July1995 H  HolySee 20April1990 L 20April1990    2September1990 H  Honduras 31May1990 L 10August1990    9September1990   Hungary 14March1990 L 7October1991    6November1991   Iceland 26January1990 L 28October1992    27November1992 `&  India       L 11December1992a/  11January1993 &  Indonesia 26January1990 L 5September1990    5October1990  Iran(Islamic̀Republicof) 5September1991 L 13July1994    12August1994 x> Iraq       L 15June1994a/    15July1994 > Ireland 30September1990 L 28September1992    28October1992  Israel 3July1990 L 3October1991    2November1991 V Italy   26January1990 L 5September1991    5October1991 V Jamaica 26January1990 L 14May1991    13June1991  Japan   21September1990 L 22April1994    22May1994  Jordan 29August1990 L 24May1991    23June1991 n4 МKazakstan 16February1994 L 12August1994    11September1994 4 Kenya   26January1990 L 30July1990    2September1990   Kiribati     L 11December1995a/  10January1996 ! Kuwait 7June1990 L 21October1991    20November1991 L" ̜Kyrgyzstan     L 7October1994    6November1994 !$ МLaoPeoples̀Democratic̀Republic     L 8May1991a/    7June1991 d#*' Latvia     L 14April1992a/    14May1992 *$( Lebanon 26January1990 L 14May1991    13June1991 $) Lesotho 21August1990 L 10March1992    9April1992 %| * Liberia 26April1990 L 4June1993    4July1993 B'", LibyanArab  ("- ЀJamahiriya     L 15April1993a/    15May1993 (#. Liechtenstein 30September1990 L 22December1995    21January1996 )Z$/ Lithuania     L 31January1992a/    1March1992 Z* %0 Luxembourg 21March1990 L 7March1994    6April1994  +%1 ̜ r-8(4 States Dateofsignature L Dateofreceiptof    Dateofentry :        L instrumentof    intoforce         L ratification/         L accession R   Madagascar 19April1990 L 19March1991    18April1991   Malawi     L 2January1991a/    1February1991   Malaysia     L 17February1995a/  19March1995  j Maldives 21August1990 L 11February1991    13March1991 j 0 МMali   26January1990 L 20September1990    20October1990 0   Malta   26January1990 L 30September1990    30October1990    Marshall  H  ЀIslands 14April1993 L 4October1993    3November1993 H  Mauritania 26January1990 L 16May1991    15June1991   Mauritius     L 26July1990a/    2September1990   Mexico 26January1990 L 21September1990    21October1990 `  Micronesia  &  Ѐ(Federated̀Statesof)     L 5May1993a/    4June1993 x Monaco     L 21June1993a/    21July1993 x> Mongolia 26January1990 L 5July1990    2September1990 > Morocco 26January1990 L 21June1993    21July1993  Mozambique 30September1990 L 26April1994    26May1994  Myanmar     L 15July1991a/    14August1991 V Namibia 26September1990 L 30September1990    30October1990  Nauru       L 27July1994a/    26August1994  Nepal   26January1990 L 14September1990    14October1990 n Netherlands 26January1990 L 6February1995    7March1995 n4 NewZealand 1October1990 L 6April1993    6May1993   Nicaragua 6February1990 L 5October1990    4November1990 ! Niger   26January1990 L 30September1990    30October1990 L" Nigeria 26January1990 L 19April1991    19May1991 L # Niue       L 20December1995a/  19January1996 !$ Norway 26January1990 L 8January1991    7February1991 "d& Pakistan 20September1990 L 12November1990    12December1990 d#*' Palau       L 4August1995a/    3September1995 *$( Panama 26January1990 L 12December1990    11January1991 $) PapuàNewGuinea 30September1990 L 1March1993    31March1993 |&B!+ Paraguay 4April1990 L 25September1990    25October1990 ("- Peru   26January1990 L 4September1990    4October1990 (#. Philippines 26January1990 L 21August1990    20September1990 )Z$/ Poland 26January1990 L 7June1991    7July1991 Z* %0 Portugal 26January1990 L 21September1990    21October1990  +%1 ̜ r-8(4 States Dateofsignature L Dateofreceiptof    Dateofentry :        L instrumentof    intoforce         L ratification/         L accession R   Qatar   8December1992 L 3April1995    3May1995   МRepublicof    ЀKorea 25September1990 L 20November1991    20December1991  j Republicof̀Moldova     L 26January1993a/    25February1993 0   Romania 26January1990 L 28September1990    28October1990    RussiaǹFederation 26January1990 L 16August1990    15September1990 H  МRwanda 26January1990 L 24January1991    23February1991   SaintKitts̀andNevis 26January1990 L 24July1990    2September1990 `  SaintLucia     L 16June1993a/    16July1993 `&  SaintVincent̀andthèGrenadines 20September1993 L 26October1993    25November1993 x Samoa   30September1990 L 29November1994    29December1994 x> SanMarino     L 25November1991a/  25December1991  SaoTome     L   ЀandPrincipe     L 14May1991a/    13June1991 V SaudiArabia     L 26January1996a/    25February1996 V Senegal 26January1990 L 31July1990    2September1990  Seychelles     L 7September1990a/  7October1990  SierraLeone 13February1990 L 18June1990    2September1990 n4 Singapore     L 5October1995a/    4November1995 4 МSlovakiab/     L     1January1993   МSloveniab/     L     25June1991 ! SolomoǹIslands     L 10April1995a/    10May1995 L # ̜SouthAfrica 29January1993 L 16June1995    16July1995 !% Spain   26January1990 L 6December1990    5January1991 "d& SriLanka 26January1990 L 12July1991    11August1991 d#*' Sudan   24July1990 L 3August1990    2September1990 *$( Suriname 26January1990 L 1March1993    31March1993 $) Swaziland 22August1990 L 7September1995    6October1995 |&B!+ Sweden 26January1990 L 29June1990    2September1990 B'", SyrianArab  ("- ЀRepublic 18September1990 L 15July1993    14August1993 (#. Tajikistan     L 26October1993a/    25November1993 )Z$/ Thailand     L 27March1992a/    26April1992 Z* %0 ̜ r-8(4 States Dateofsignature L Dateofreceiptof    Dateofentry :        L instrumentof    intoforce         L ratification/         L accession R   Theformer̀Yugoslav̀Republicof̀Macedoniab/     L     17September1991 j 0 Togo   26January1990 L 1August1990    2September1990 0   МTonga       L 6November1995a/  6December1995    Trinidadand̀Tobago 30September1990 L 5December1991    4January1992 H  Tunisia 26February1990 L 30January1992    29February1992 H  ̜Turkey 14September1990 L 4April1995    4May1995   МTurkmenistan     L 20September1993a/  19October1993 `  Tuvalu     L 22September1995a/  22October1995 `&  Uganda 17August1990 L 17August1990    16September1990 &  Ukraine 21February1991 L 28August1991    27September1991  UnitedKingdom̀ofGreatBritaiǹandNortherǹIreland 19April1990 L 16December1991    15January1992  United̀Republic̀ofTanzania 1June1990 L 10June1991    10July1991  Uruguay 26January1990 L 20November1990    20December1990  МUzbekistan     L 29June1994a/    29July1994 n Vanuatu 30September1990 L 7July1993    6August1993 n4 Venezuela 26January1990 L 13September1990    13October1990   VietNam 26January1990 L 28February1990    2September1990 ! Yemen   13February1990 L 1May1991    31May1991 L" Yugoslavia 26January1990 L 3January1991    2February1991 L # Zaire   20March1990 L 27September1990    27October1990 !$ ̜Zambia 30September1990 L 5December1991    5January1992 "d& Zimbabwe 8March1990 L 11September1990    11October1990 d#*'   +&2 @'pAnnexII  @ pMEMBERSHIPOFTHECOMMITTEEONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILD?++X*X+ ,X L%X?Nameofmember 3      ;     Countryofnationality   Mrs.HodaBADRAN* 3      ;     Egypt  j Mrs.AkilaBELEMBAOGO**     ;     BurkinaFaso 0   Mrs.FloraC.EUFEMIO*     ;     Philippines    Mr.ThomasHAMMARBERG**     ;     Sweden H  Mrs.JudithKARP**     ;     Israel   Mr.YouriKOLOSOV**     ;     RussianFederation `&  MissSandraPrunellaMASON**   ;     Barbados  Mr.SwithunTachionaMOMBESHORA* ;     Zimbabwe x> Mrs.MartaSANTOSPAIS*     ;     Portugal  Mrs.MariliaSARDENBERG*   ;     Brazil V 򀀀 )Z$/   *Termexpireson28February1997.̀**Termexpireson28February1999.  r-8(4 TR`&6A4 LandscapeW 6&A4&6A4 Landscape6&A4T>*UKUS.,+ }@6hAnnexIII = @ hSTATUSOFSUBMISSIONOFREPORTSBYSTATESPARTIESUNDERARTICLE44OF@hTHECONVENTIONONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILDASAT11OCTOBER1996*q dddd d  nd "+1+1q,} dd,Qdd,Qdd,dd,,dd+  0&   @x@0@ee+Initialreportsduein1992 B8  V@ x @  x@BStateparty ' @ @'Dateofentryinto   force ' Z @ @'Datedue '  "@ @'Dateofsubmission '  @ @'Symbol ?5  "@ x  @x?Bangladesh     Ѐ2September1990    Ѐ1September1992    15November1995    CRC/C/3/Add.38 6,  x @ @x6Barbados   Ѐ8November1990   Ѐ7November1992   12September1996   CRC/C/3/Add.45 6, x @ @x6Belarus  Q  31October1990  Q  30October1992  Q  12February1993  Q  CRC/C/3/Add.14 6,Q  x @ @x6Belize  R  Ѐ2September1990  R  Ѐ1September1992  R    R   6,R  x @ @x6Benin   ! Ѐ2September1990   " Ѐ1September1992   #    $  6, % x @ @x6Bhutan    & Ѐ2September1990    ' Ѐ1September1992    (     )  6,  * x @ @x6Bolivia  I + Ѐ2September1990  I , Ѐ1September1992  I - 14September1992  I . CRC/C/3/Add.2 6,I / x @ @x6Brazil  J0 24October1990  J1 23October1992  J2   J3  6,J4 x @ @x6BurkinaFaso  5 30September1990  6 29September1992  7 Ѐ7July1993  8 CRC/C/3/Add.19 6,9 x @ @x6Burundi  : 18November1990  ; 17November1992  <   =  6,> x @ @x6Chad  A? Ѐ1November1990  A@ 31October1992  AA   AB  6,AC x @ @x6Chile  BD 12September1990  BE 11September1992  BF 22June1993  BG CRC/C/3/Add.18 6,BH x @ @x6CostaRica  I 20September1990  J 20September1992  K 28October1992  L CRC/C/3/Add.8 6,M x @ x6DemocraticPeople'sπRepublicofKorea  O 21October1990  P 20October1992  R 13February1996  S CRC/C/3/Add.41 6,U x  @x6Ecuador  V Ѐ2September1990  W Ѐ1September1992  X 11June1996  Y CRC/C/3/Add.44:0Z x @ @x:@@  %Initialreportsduein1992(continued) B8 x" x @  x@BStateparty '@ @'Dateofentryinto  force '|@ @'Datedue '"@ @'Dateofsubmission '@ @'Symbol ?5"@ x  @x?Egypt   Ѐ2September1990    Ѐ1September1992    23October1992    CRC/C/3/Add.6 6,  x @ x6ElSalvador  5   Ѐ2September1990  5  Ѐ1September1992  5  Ѐ3November1992  5  CRC/C/3/Add.9&Add.28 6,  x  @x6France  9  Ѐ6September1990  9  Ѐ5September1992  9  Ѐ8April1993  9  CRC/C/3/Add.15 6,9  x @ @x6Gambia  w : Ѐ7September1990  w : Ѐ6September1992  w :   w :  6,w : x @ @x6Ghana  x  Ѐ2September1990  x  Ѐ1September1992  x  20November1995  x  CRC/C/3/Add.39 6,x ! x @ @x6Grenada   " Ѐ5December1990   # Ѐ4December1992   $    %  6, & x @ @x6Guatemala  1 ' Ѐ2September1990  1 ( Ѐ1September1992  1 ) 5January1995  1 * CRC/C/3/Add.33 6,1 + x @ @x6Guinea  o2 , Ѐ2September1990  o2 - Ѐ1September1992  o2 .   o2 /  6,o2 0 x @ @x6GuineaBissau  p1 19September1990  p2 18September1992  p3   p4  6,p5 x @ @x6HolySee  6 Ѐ2September1990  7 Ѐ1September1992  8 Ѐ2March1994  9 CRC/C/3/Add.27 6,: x @ @x6Honduras  ); Ѐ9September1990  )< Ѐ8September1992  )= 11May1993  )> CRC/C/3/Add.17 6,)? x @ x6Indonesia  g*@ Ѐ5October1990  g*A Ѐ4October1992  g*B 17November1992  g*C CRC/C/3/Add.10&CRC/C/3/Add.26 6,-E x  @x6Kenya  k.F Ѐ2September1990  k.G Ѐ1September1992  k.H   k.I  6,k.J x @ @x6Mali  lK 20October1990  lL 19October1992  lM   lN  6,lO x @ @x6Malta  P 30October1990  Q 29October1992  R   S  6,T x @ @x6Mauritius  %U Ѐ2September1990  %V Ѐ1September1992  %W 25July1995  %X CRC/C/3/Add.36 6,%Y x @ @x6Mexico  c&Z 21October1990  c&[ 20October1992  c&\ 15December1992  c&] CRC/C/3/Add.11 6,c&^ x @ @x6Mongolia  d_ Ѐ2September1990  d` Ѐ1September1992  da 20October1994  db CRC/C/3/Add.32 6,dc x @ @x6Namibia   d 30October1990   e 29October1992   f 21December1992   g CRC/C/3/Add.12:0 h x @ @x:@  %Initialreportsduein1992(continued) 9/x x @  x@9Stateparty ? '@ @'Dateofentryinto  force '|@ @'Datedue '"@ @'Dateofsubmission '@ @'Symbol ?5"@ x  @x?Nepal   14October1990    13October1992    10April1995    CRC/C/3/Add.34 6,  x @ @x6Nicaragua  5   Ѐ4November1990  5  Ѐ3November1992  5  12January1994  5  CRC/C/3/Add.25 6,5  x @ @x6Niger  s 6 30October1990  s 6 29October1992  s 6 27April1994  s 6 CRC/C/3/Add.29 6,s 6 x @ @x6Pakistan   t 12December1990   t 11December1992   t 25January1993   t CRC/C/3/Add.13 6, t x @ @x6Paraguay    25October1990    24October1992    30August1993    CRC/C/3/Add.22 6,   x @ x6Peru  - ! Ѐ4October1990  - " Ѐ3October1992  - # 28October1992  - $ CRC/C/3/Add.7&CRC/C/3/Add.24 6, & x  @x6Philippines  1 ' 20September1990  1 ( 19September1992  1 ) 21September1993  1 * CRC/C/3/Add.23 6,1 + x @ @x6Portugal  o2 , 21October1990  o2 - 20October1992  o2 . 17August1994  o2 / CRC/C/3/Add.30 6,o2 0 x @ @x6Romania  p1 28October1990  p2 27October1992  p3 14April1993  p4 CRC/C/3/Add.16 6,p5 x @ @x6RussianFederation  6 15September1990  7 14September1992  8 16October1992  9 CRC/C/3/Add.5 6,: x @ @x6SaintKittsandNevis  ); Ѐ2September1990  )< Ѐ1September1992  )=   )>  6,)? x @ @x6Senegal  g*@ Ѐ2September1990  g*A Ѐ1September1992  g*B 12September1994  g*C CRC/C/3/Add.31 6,g*D x @ @x6Seychelles  hE Ѐ7October1990  hF Ѐ6October1992  hG   hH  6,hI x @ @x6SierraLeone  J Ѐ2September1990  K Ѐ1September1992  L 10April1996  M CRC/C/3/Add.43 6,N x @ x6Sudan  !O Ѐ2September1990  !P Ѐ1September1992  !Q 29September1992  !R CRC/C/3/Add.3&CRC/C/3/Add.20 6,T x  @x6Sweden  %U Ѐ2September1990  %V Ѐ1September1992  %W Ѐ7September1992  %X CRC/C/3/Add.1 6,%Y x @ @x6Togo  c&Z Ѐ2September1990  c&[ Ѐ1September1992  c&\ 27February1996  c&] CRC/C/3/Add.42:0c&^ x @ @x:@  %Initialreportsduein1992(continued) 9/x x @  x@9Stateparty '@ @'Dateofentryinto  force '|@ @'Datedue '"@ @'Dateofsubmission '@ @'Symbol ?5"@ x  @x?Uganda   16September1990    15September1992    Ѐ1February1996    CRC/C/3/Add.40 6,  x @ @x6Uruguay  5   20December1990  5  19December1992  5  Ѐ2August1995  5  CRC/C/3/Add.37 6,5  x @ @x6Venezuela  s 6 13October1990  s 6 12October1992  s 6   s 6  6,s 6 x @ x6VietNam   t Ѐ2September1990   t Ѐ1September1992   t 30September1992   t CRC/C/3/Add.4&CRC/C/3/Add.21 6,w : x  @x6Zaire  x  27October1990  x  26October1992  x    x   6,x ! x @ @x6Zimbabwe   " 11October1990   # 10October1992   $ 23May1995   % CRC/C/3/Add.35 6, & x @ @x6  1 '   1 (   1 )   1 *  :01 + x @ @x:@ee+Initialreportsduein1993 9/o2 , x @  @x9Angola  p- Ѐ4January1991  p. Ѐ3January1991  p/   p0  6,p1 x @ x6Argentina  2 Ѐ3January1991  3 Ѐ2January1993  4 17March1993  5 CRC/C/8/Add.2&Add.17 6,t7 x  @x6Australia  8 16January1991  9 15January1993  : Ѐ8January1996  ; CRC/C/8/Add.31 6,< x @ @x6Bahamas  -= 22March1991  -> 21March1993  -?   -@  6,-A x @ @x6Bulgaria  k.B Ѐ3July1991  k.C Ѐ2July1993  k.D 29September1995  k.E CRC/C/8/Add.29 6,k.F x @ @x6Colombia  lG 27February1991  lH 26February1993  lI 14April1993  lJ CRC/C/8/Add.3 6,lK x @ @x6C=ted'Ivoire  L Ѐ6March1991  M Ѐ5March1993  N   O  6,P x @ @x6Croatia  %Q Ѐ7November1991  %R Ѐ6November1993  %S Ѐ8November1994  %T CRC/C/8/Add.19 6,%U x @ @x6Cuba  c&V 20September1991  c&W 19September1993  c&X 27October1995  c&Y CRC/C/8/Add.30 6,c&Z x @ @x6Cyprus  d[ Ѐ9March1991  d\ Ѐ8March1993  d] 22December1994  d^ CRC/C/8/Add.24 6,d_ x @ @x6Denmark   ` 18August1991   a 17August1993   b 14September1993   c CRC/C/8/Add.8:0 d x @ @x:@  %Initialreportsduein1993(continued) 9/x x @  x@9Stateparty '@ @'Dateofentryinto  force '|@ @'Datedue '"@ @'Dateofsubmission '@ @'Symbol ?5"@ x  @x?Djibouti   Ѐ5January1991    Ѐ4January1993         6,  x @ @x6Dominica  5   12April1991  5  11April1993  5    5   6,5  x @ @x6DominicanRepublic  s 6 11July1991  s 6 10July1993  s 6   s 6  6,s 6 x @ @x6Estonia   t 20November1991   t 19November1993   t    t  6, t x @ @x6Ethiopia    13June1991    12June1993    10August1995    CRC/C/8/Add.27 6,   x @ @x6Finland  - ! 20July1991  - " 19July1993  - # 12December1994  - $ CRC/C/8/Add.22 6,- % x @ @x6Guyana  k. & 13February1991  k. ' 12February1993  k. (   k. )  6,k. * x @ @x6Hungary  l + Ѐ6November1991  l , Ѐ5November1993  l - 28June1996  l . CRC/C/8/Add.34 6,l / x @ @x6Israel   0 Ѐ2November1991   1 Ѐ1November1993   2    3  6, 4 x @ @x6Italy  %5 Ѐ5October1991  %6 Ѐ4October1993  %7 11October1994  %8 CRC/C/8/Add.18 6,%9 x @ @x6Jamaica  c&: 13June1991  c&; 12June1993  c&< 25January1994  c&= CRC/C/8/Add.12 6,c&> x @ @x6Jordan  d? 23June1991  d@ 22June1993  dA 25May1993  dB CRC/C/8/Add.4 6,dC x @ @x6Kuwait  D 20November1991  E 19November1993  F 23August1996  G CRC/C/8/Add.35 6,H x @ x6LaoPeople's̀DemocraticRepublic  J Ѐ7June1991  K Ѐ6June1993  L 18January1996  M CRC/C/8/Add.32 6,N x  @x6Lebanon  !O 13June1991  !P 12June1993  !Q 21December1994  !R CRC/C/8/Add.23 6,!S x @ @x6Madagascar  _"T 18April1991  _"U 17May1993  _"V 20July1993  _"W CRC/C/8/Add.5 6,_"X x @ @x6Malawi  `Y Ѐ1February1991  `Z 31January1993  `[   `\  6,`] x @ @x6Maldives  ^ 13March1991  _ 12March1993  ` Ѐ6July1994  a CRC/C/8/Add.15 6,b x @ @x6Mauritania   c 15June1991   d 14June1993   e    f :0 g x @ @x:@  %Initialreportsduein1993(continued) 9/x x @  x@9Stateparty '@ @'Dateofentryinto  force '|@ @'Datedue '"@ @'Dateofsubmission '@ @'Symbol ?5"@ x  @x?Myanmar   14August1991    13August1993    14September1995    CRC/C/8/Add.9 6,  x @ @x6Nigeria  5   19May1991  5  18May1993  5  19July1995  5  CRC/C/8/Add.26 6,5  x @ @x6Norway  s 6 Ѐ7February1991  s 6 Ѐ6February1993  s 6 30August1993  s 6 CRC/C/8/Add.7 6,s 6 x @ @x6Panama   t 11January1991   t 10January1993   t 19September1995   t CRC/C/8/Add.28 6, t x @ @x6Poland    Ѐ7July1991    Ѐ6July1993    11January1994    CRC/C/8/Add.11 6,   x @ @x6RepublicofKorea  - ! 20December1991  - " 19December1993  - # 17November1994  - $ CRC/C/8/Add.21 6,- % x @ @x6Rwanda  k. & 23February1991  k. ' 22February1993  k. ( 30September1992  k. ) CRC/C/8/Add.1 6,k. * x @ @x6SanMarino  l + 25December1991  l , 24December1993  l -   l .  6,l / x @ @x6SaoTomeandPrincipe   0 13June1991   1 12June1993   2    3  6, 4 x @ @x6Slovenia  %5 25June1991  %6 24June1993  %7 29May1995  %8 CRC/C/8/Add.25 6,%9 x @ @x6Spain  c&: Ѐ5January1991  c&; Ѐ4January1993  c&< 1  10August1993  c&= CRC/C/8/Add.6 6,c&> x @ @x6SriLanka  d? 11August1991  d@ 10August1993  dA 23March1994  dB CRC/C/8/Add.13 6,dC x @ x6TheformerYugoslav̀Republicof̀Macedonia  k.F 17September1991  G 16September1993  H   I  6,J x  x6Ukraine  lK 27September1991  lL 26September1993  lM Ѐ8October1993  lN CRC/C/8/Add.10/Rev.1 6,o2P x  x6UnitedRepublicof̀Tanzania  s6R 10July1991  pS Ѐ9July1993  pT 29April1994  pU CRC/C/8/Add.14 6,pV x  @x6Yemen  tW 31May1991  tX 30May1993  tY 14November1994  tZ CRC/C/8/Add.20 6,t[ x @ @x6Yugoslavia  \ Ѐ2February1991  ] Ѐ1February1993  ^ 21September1994  _ CRC/C/8/Add.16 :0` x @ @x:=3-!a x @  @x=@ee+Initialreportsduein1994 9/x x @  x@9Stateparty '@ @'Dateofentryinto  force '|@ @'Datedue '"@ @'Dateofsubmission '@ @'Symbol ?5"@ x  @x?Albania   28March1992    27March1994         6,  x @ @x6Austria  5   Ѐ5September1992  5  Ѐ4September1994  5  Ѐ8October1996  5  CRC/C/11/Add.14 6,5  x @ @x6Azerbaijan  s 6 12September1992  s 6 11September1994  s 6 Ѐ9November1995  s 6 CRC/C/11/Add.8 6,s 6 x @ @x6Bahrain   t 14March1992   t 14March1994   t    t  6, t x @ @x6Belgium    15January1992    14January1994    12July1994    CRC/C/11/Add.4 6,   x @ @x6BosniaandHerzegovina  - ! Ѐ6March1992  - " Ѐ5March1994  - #   - $  6,- % x @ @x6Cambodia  k. & 14November1992  k. ' 15November1994  k. (   k. )  6,k. * x @ @x6Canada  l + 12January1992  l , 11January1994  l - 17June1994  l . CRC/C/11/Add.3 6,l / x @ @x6CapeVerde   0 Ѐ4July1992   1 Ѐ3July1994   2    3  6, 4 x @ x6CentralAfricaǹRepublic  6 23May1992  %7 23May1994  %8   %9  6,%: x  @x6China  ); Ѐ1April1992  )< 31March1994  )= 27March1995  )> CRC/C/11/Add.7 6,)? x @ @x6CzechRepublic  g*@ Ѐ1January1993  g*A 31December1994  g*B Ѐ4March1996  g*C CRC/C/11/Add.11 6,g*D x @ @x6EquatorialGuinea  hE 15July1992  hF 14July1994  hG   hH  6,hI x @ @x6Germany  J Ѐ5April1992  K Ѐ4May1994  L 30August1994  M CRC/C/11/Add.5 6,N x @ @x6Iceland  !O 27November1992  !P 26November1994  !Q 30November1994  !R CRC/C/11/Add.6 6,!S x @ @x6Ireland  _"T 28October1992  _"U 27October1994  _"V Ѐ4April1996  _"W CRC/C/11/Add.12 6,_"X x @ @x6Latvia  `Y 14May1992  `Z 13May1994  `[   `\  6,`] x @ @x6Lesotho  ^ Ѐ9April1992  _ Ѐ8April1994  `   a  6,b x @ @x6Lithuania   c Ѐ1March1992   d 28February1994   e    f :0 g x @ @x:@  %Initialreportsduein1994(continued) 9/x x @  x@9Stateparty '@ @'Dateofentryinto  force '|@ @'Datedue '"@ @'Dateofsubmission '@ @'Symbol ?5"@ x  @x?Slovakia   Ѐ1January1993    31December1994         6,  x @ @x6Thailand  5   26April1992  5  25April1994  5  23August1996  5  CRC/C/11/Add.13 6,5  x @ @x6TrinidadandTobago  s 6 Ѐ4January1992  s 6 Ѐ3January1994  s 6 16February1996  s 6 CRC/C/11/Add.10 6,s 6 x @ @x6Tunisia   t 29February1992   t 28February1994   t 16May1994   t CRC/C/11/Add.2 6, t x @ x6UnitedKingdomof̀GreatBritainand̀NorthernIreland  {>  15January1992    14January1994     15March1994   ! CRC/C/11/Add.1andAdd.9 6,x # x  @x6Zambia  | $ Ѐ5January1992  | % Ѐ4January1994  | &   | '  6,| ( x @ @x6   )    *    +    ,  :0 - x @ @x:@ee+Initialreportsduein1995 9/5 . x @  @x9Algeria  s6/ 16May1993  s60 15May1995  s61 16November1995  s62 CRC/C/28/Add.4 6,s63 x @ @x6AntiguaandBarbuda  t4 Ѐ4November1993  t5 Ѐ3November1995  t6   t7  6,t8 x @ @x6Armenia  9 23July1993  : Ѐ5August1995  ;   <  6,= x @ @x6Cameroon  -> 10February1993  -? Ѐ9February1995  -@   -A  6,-B x @ @x6Comoros  k.C 22July1993  k.D 21July1995  k.E   k.F  6,k.G x @ @x6Congo  lH 13November1993  lI 12November1995  lJ   lK  6,lL x @ @x6Fiji  M 12September1993  N 11September1995  O 12June1996  P CRC/C/28/Add.7 6,Q x @ @x6Greece  %R 10June1993  %S Ѐ9June1995  %T   %U  6,%V x @ @x6India  c&W 11January1993  c&X 10January1995  c&Y   c&Z  6,c&[ x @ @x6Liberia  d\ Ѐ4July1993  d] Ѐ3July1995  d^   d_  6,d` x @ @x6LibyanArabJamahiriya   a 15May1993   b 14May1995   c 23May1996   d CRC/C/28/Add.6:0 e x @ @x:@  %Initialreportsduein1995(continued) 9/x x @  x@9Stateparty '@ @'Dateofentryinto  force '|@ @'Datedue '"@ @'Dateofsubmission '@ @'Symbol ?5"@ x  @x?MarshallIslands   Ѐ3November1993    Ѐ2November1995         6,  x @ x6Micronesia(Federated̀Statesof)    Ѐ4June1993  5  Ѐ3June1995  5  16April1996  5  CRC/C/28/Add.5 6,5  x  @x6Monaco  9  21July1993  9  20July1995  9    9   6,9  x @ @x6Morocco  w : 21July1993  w : 20July1995  w : 27July1995  w : CRC/C/28/Add.1 6,w : x @ @x6NewZealand  x  Ѐ6May1993  x  Ѐ5May1995  x  29September1995  x  CRC/C/28/Add.3 6,x ! x @ @x6PapuaNewGuinea   " 31March1993   # 31March1995   $    %  6, & x @ @x6RepublicofMoldova  1 ' 25February1993  1 ( 24February1995  1 )   1 *  6,1 + x @ @x6SaintLucia  o2 , 16July1993  o2 - 15July1995  o2 .   o2 /  6,o2 0 x @ x6SaintVincentand̀theGrenadines  s62 25November1993  p3 24November1995  p4   p5  6,p6 x  @x6Suriname  t7 31March1993  t8 31March1995  t9   t:  6,t; x @ @x6SyrianArabRepublic  < 14August1993  = 13August1995  > 22September1995  ? CRC/C/28/Add.2 6,@ x @ @x6Tajikistan  -A 25November1993  -B 24November1995  -C   -D  6,-E x @ @x6Turkmenistan  k.F 20October1993  k.G 19October1995  k.H   k.I  6,k.J x @ @x6Vanuatu  lK Ѐ6August1993  lL Ѐ5August1995  lM   lN  6,lO x @ @x6  P   Q   R   S  :0T x @ @x:@ee+Initialreportsduein1996 9/%U x @  @x9Afghanistan  c&V 27April1994  c&W 26April1996  c&X   c&Y  6,c&Z x @ @x6Gabon  d[ 11March1994  d\ 10March1996  d]   d^  6,d_ x @ @x6Luxembourg   ` Ѐ6April1994   a Ѐ5April1996   b 26July1996   c CRC/C/41/Add.2:0 d x @ @x:@  %Initialreportsduein1996(continued) 9/x x @  x@9Stateparty '@ @'Dateofentryinto  force '|@ @'Datedue '"@ @'Dateofsubmission '@ @'Symbol ?5"@ x  @x?Japan   22May1994    21May1996    30May1996    CRC/C/41/Add.1 6,  x @ @x6Mozambique  5   26May1994  5  25May1996  5    5   6,5  x @ @x6Georgia  s 6 Ѐ2July1994  s 6 Ѐ1July1996  s 6   s 6  6,s 6 x @ @x6Iraq   t 15July1994   t 14July1996   t Ѐ6August1996   t CRC/C/41/Add.3 6, t x @ @x6Uzbekistan    29July1994    28July1996         6,   x @ x6Iran(Islamic̀Republicof)   " 12August1994  - # 11August1996  - $   - %  6,- & x  @x6Nauru  1 ' 26August1994  1 ( 25August1996  1 )   1 *  6,1 + x @ @x6Eritrea  o2 , Ѐ2September1994  o2 - Ѐ1September1996  o2 .   o2 /  6,o2 0 x @ @x6Kazakstan  p1 11September1994  p2 10September1996  p3   p4  6,p5 x @ @x6Kyrgyzstan  6 Ѐ6November1994  7 Ѐ5November1996  8   9  6,: x @ @x6Samoa  ); 29December1994  )< 28December1996  )=   )>  :0)? x @ @x: F< g*@" x @  @xFInitialreportsduein1997 B8 hA" x @  @xBNetherlands  B Ѐ7March1995  C Ѐ6March1997  D   E  6,F x @ @x6Malaysia  !G 19March1995  !H 18March1997  !I   !J  6,!K x @ @x6Botswana  _"L 13April1995  _"M 12April1997  _"N   _"O  6,_"P x @ @x6Qatar  `Q Ѐ3May1995  `R Ѐ2May1997  `S   `T  6,`U x @ @x6Turkey  V Ѐ4May1995  W Ѐ3May1997  X   Y  6,Z x @ @x6SolomonIslands   [ 10May1995   \ Ѐ9May1997   ]    ^  6, _ x @ @x6Haiti  W!` Ѐ8July1995  W!a Ѐ7July1997  W!b   W!c :0W!d x @ @x:Initialreportsduein1997(continued) B8 x" x @  x@BStateparty '@ @'Dateofentryinto  force '|@ @'Datedue '"@ @'Dateofsubmission '@ @'Symbol ?5"@ x  @x?SouthAfrica   16July1995    15July1997         6,  x @ @x6Pilau  5   Ѐ3September1995  5  Ѐ3September1997  5    5   6,5  x @ @x6Swaziland  s 6 Ѐ6October1995  s 6 Ѐ5October1997  s 6   s 6  6,s 6 x @ @x6Tuvalu   t 22October1995   t 21October1997   t    t  6, t x @ @x6Singapore    Ѐ4November1995    Ѐ3November1997         6,   x @ @x6Tonga  - ! Ѐ6December1995  - " Ѐ5December1997  - #   - $  6,- % x @ @x6  k. &   k. '   k. (   k. )  :0k. * x @ @x@:Initialreportsduein1998 B8 l +"@ x @  @xBKiribati   , 10January1996   - Ѐ9January1998   .    /  6, 0 x @ @x6Niue  %1 19January1996  %2 18January1998  %3   %4  6,%5 x @ @x6Liechtenstein  c&6 21January1996  c&7 20January1998  c&8   c&9  6,c&: x @ @x6BruneiDarussalam  d; 26January1996  d< 25January1998  d=   d>  6,d? x @ @x6Andorra  @ Ѐ1February1996  A 31January1998  B   C  6,D x @ @x6SaudiArabia  E 25February1996  F 24February1998  G   H $I x @ $#*>#US.,UK.,=  I } +TRW 6&A4`&6A4 Landscape6&A4&6A4 LandscapeT`@'pAnnexIV : @z z pLISTOFINITIALREPORTSCONSIDEREDBYTHECOMMITTEE@00pONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILDASAT@PP#p11OCTOBER1996    3     Statepartyreports C   Observations       3      ;      C   adoptedby    3      ;      C   theCommittee j 0 Thirdsession    (January1993)  Bolivia 3     CRC/C/3/Add.2   C   CRC/C/15/Add.1 H    Sweden 3     CRC/C/3/Add.1   C   CRC/C/15/Add.2     VietNam 3     CRC/C/3/Add.4and21 C   CRC/C/15/Add.3     RussianFederation  CRC/C/3/Add.5   C   CRC/C/15/Add.4 `    Egypt  3     CRC/C/3/Add.6   C   CRC/C/15/Add.5 `&    Sudan  3     CRC/C/3/Add.3   C   CRC/C/15/Add.6 #  &      3      ;      C   (preliminary)Fourthsession x> (September-October1993)  Indonesia 3     CRC/C/3/Add.10   C   CRC/C/15/Add.7      3      ;      C   (preliminary)  Peru  3     CRC/C/3/Add.7   C   CRC/C/15/Add.8 V   ElSalvador 3     CRC/C/3/Add.9and28 C   CRC/C/15/Add.9    Sudan  3     CRC/C/3/Add.3and20 C   CRC/C/15/Add.10    CostaRica 3     CRC/C/3/Add.8   C   CRC/C/15/Add.11 n   Rwanda 3     CRC/C/8/Add.1   C   CRC/C/15/Add.12 n4     3      ;      C   (preliminary)Fifthsession ! (January1994)  Mexico 3     CRC/C/3/Add.11   C   CRC/C/15/Add.13 !$   Namibia 3     CRC/C/3/Add.12   C   CRC/C/15/Add.14 !%   Colombia 3     CRC/C/8/Add.3   C   CRC/C/15/Add.15 "d&     3      ;      C   (preliminary)  Romania 3     CRC/C/3/Add.16   C   CRC/C/15/Add.16 *$(   Belarus 3     CRC/C/3/Add.14   C   CRC/C/15/Add.17 $) Sixthsession |&B!+ (April1994)  Pakistan 3     CRC/C/3/Add.13   C   CRC/C/15/Add.18 (#.   BurkinaFaso    CRC/C/3/Add.19   C   CRC/C/15/Add.19 )Z$/   France 3     CRC/C/3/Add.15   C   CRC/C/15/Add.20 Z* %0   Jordan 3     CRC/C/8/Add.4   C   CRC/C/15/Add.21  +%1   Chile  3     CRC/C/3/Add.18   C   CRC/C/15/Add.22 +&2    Norway 3     CRC/C/8/Add.7   C   CRC/C/15/Add.23 ,r'3 `E}  H`E}  H    3     Statespartyreports C   Observations #  :      3      ;      C   adoptedby    3      ;      C   theCommittee  Seventhsession R (September-October1994)  Honduras 3     CRC/C/3/Add.17   C   CRC/C/15/Add.24  j   Indonesia 3     CRC/C/3/Add.10and26 C   CRC/C/15/Add.25 j 0   Madagascar 3     CRC/C/8/Add.5   C   CRC/C/15/Add.26 0     Paraguay 3     CRC/C/3/Add.22   C   CRC/C/15/Add.27        3      ;      C   (preliminary)  Spain  3     CRC/C/8/Add.6   C   CRC/C/15/Add.28 H    Argentina 3     CRC/C/8/Add.2and17 C   CRC/C/15/Add.35 H      3      ;      C   (adoptedatthe    3      ;      C   eighthsession)Eighthsession `&  (January1995)  Philippines 3     CRC/C/3/Add.23   C   CRC/C/15/Add.29 x   Colombia 3     CRC/C/8/Add.3   C   CRC/C/15/Add.30 x>   Poland 3     CRC/C/8/Add.11   C   CRC/C/15/Add.31 >   Jamaica 3     CRC/C/8/Add.12   C   CRC/C/15/Add.32    Denmark 3     CRC/C/8/Add.8   C   CRC/C/15/Add.33    UnitedKingdom    CRC/C/11/Add.1   C   CRC/C/15/Add.34 V Ninthsession  (May-June1995)  Nicaragua 3     CRC/C/3/Add.25   C   CRC/C/15/Add.36 n4   Canada 3     CRC/C/11/Add.3   C   CRC/C/15/Add.37 4   Belgium 3     CRC/C/11/Add.4   C   CRC/C/15/Add.38     Tunisia 3     CRC/C/11/Add.2   C   CRC/C/15/Add.39 !   SriLanka 3     CRC/C/8/Add.13   C   CRC/C/15/Add.40 L" Tenthsession !$ (October-November1995)  Italy  3     CRC/C/8/Add.18   C   CRC/C/15/Add.41 d#*'   Ukraine 3     CRC/C/8/Add.10/Rev.1 C   CRC/C/15/Add.42 *$(   Germany 3     CRC/C/11/Add.5   C   CRC/C/15/Add.43 $)   Senegal 3     CRC/C/3/Add.31   C   CRC/C/15/Add.44 %| *   Portugal 3     CRC/C/3/Add.30   C   CRC/C/15/Add.45 |&B!+   HolySee 3     CRC/C/3/Add.27   C   CRC/C/15/Add.46 B'",   (#. }    3     Statepartyreports C   Observations :     3      ;      C   adoptedby    3      ;      C   theCommitteeEleventhsession R (January1996)  Yemen  3     CRC/C/8/Add.20   C   CRC/C/15/Add.47  j   Mongolia 3     CRC/C/3/Add.32   C   CRC/C/15/Add.48 j 0   FederalRepublic  ofYugoslavia    CRC/C/8/Add.26   C   CRC/C/15/Add.49      Iceland 3     CRC/C/11/Add.6   C   CRC/C/15/Add.50      RepublicofKorea    CRC/C/8/Add.21   C   CRC/C/15/Add.51 H    Croatia 3     CRC/C/8/Add.19   C   CRC/C/15/Add.52 H    Finland 3     CRC/C/8/Add.22   C   CRC/C/15/Add.53   Twelfthsession `  (May-June1996)  Lebanon 3     CRC/C/18/Add.23   C   CRC/C/15/Add.54    Zimbabwe 3     CRC/C/3/Add.35   C   CRC/C/15/Add.55 x   China  3     CRC/C/11/Add.7   C   CRC/C/15/Add.56 x>   Nepal  3     CRC/C/3/Add.34   C   CRC/C/15/Add.57 >   Guatemala 3     CRC/C/3/Add.33   C   CRC/C/15/Add.58    Cyprus 3     CRC/C/8/Add.24   C   CRC/C/15/Add.59  Thirteenthsession V (September-October1996)    Morocco 3     CRC/C/28/Add.1   C   CRC/C/15/Add.60 n   Nigeria 3     CRC/C/8/Add.26   C   CRC/C/15/Add.61 n4   Uruguay 3     CRC/C/3/Add.37   C   CRC/C/15/Add.62 4   UnitedKingdom  (HongKong) 3     CRC/C/11/Add.9   C   CRC/C/15/Add.63 !   Mauritius 3     CRC/C/3/Add.36   C   CRC/C/15/Add.64 L"   Slovenia 3     CRC/C/8/Add.25   C   CRC/C/15/Add.65 L #   !$ @(pAnnexV : @ pPROVISIONALLISTOFINITIALREPORTSSCHEDULED  @h h pFORCONSIDERATIONATTHE@@1 1 COMMITTEE'S@ pFOURTEENTHANDFIFTEENTHSESSIONSFourteenthsession   (6-24January1997)  Bulgaria 3      ;     CRC/C/8/Add.29 0     Ethiopia 3      ;     CRC/C/8/Add.27      Panama 3      ;     CRC/C/8/Add.28      Myanmar 3      ;     CRC/C/8/Add.9 H    SyrianArabRepublic   ;     CRC/C/28/Add.2 H    NewZealand 3      ;     CRC/C/28/Add.3   Fifteenthsession `  (20May-6June1996)  Cuba  3      ;     CRC/C/8/Add.30    Azerbaijan 3      ;     CRC/C/11/Add.8 x   Bangladesh 3      ;     CRC/C/3/Add.38 x>   Algeria 3      ;     CRC/C/28/Add.4 >   Ghana  3      ;     CRC/C/3/Add.39    Australia 3      ;     CRC/C/8/Add.3l    V }/[@'pAnnexVI : @ pLISTOFDOCUMENTSANDCONTRIBUTIONSSUBMITTEDFORTHEGENERAL@ pDISCUSSIONONTHECHILDANDTHEMEDIA,HELDON7OCTOBER1996@B B p1.BytheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChild   Mr.ThomasHammarberg  j  Children,theUnitedNationsConventionandthemedia,Backgroundpaperfor 0   thediscussionday.@p2.ByUnitedNationsorgans H  DepartmentofPublicInformation    Children'sRights,UnitedNationsBackgrounder,January1996 `  (English/French)UnitedNationsChildren'sFund(UNICEF)   Primetimeforchildren:Media,ethicsandreportingofcommercialsexual x> exploitation,papersubmittedbytheInternationalFederationofJournalists, > forUNICEF,totheWorldCongressagainstCommercialSexualExploitationofChildren,Stockholm,August1996̀ Interviewingchildren,atrainingpackforjournalists,writtenand V producedbySarahMcCrumandPaulBernal,1994;bookandtapeInternationalChildren'sDayofBroadcasting, TunetoKids,15December1996 n @**p3.Byspecializedagencies 4 UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO) !  Children,themediaandtherightsofthechild,byCarlosA.Arnaldoand L # JohnBennett Childrenandviolence,summaryofthereportoftheCommissiononChildren "d& andViolenceconvenedbytheGulbenkianFoundation Howdoyoucurbviolenceinthemedia?,paperbyAndraMartinez,submitted $) totheInternationalSymposiumonWomenandtheMedia.AccesstoExpressionandDecision-Making,Toronto,28February-3March1996 Violenceettlvision,parHervBourges,PrsidentduConseilsuprieurde ("- l'audiovisuel(France),Programmeinternationalpourledveloppementdelacommunication-Paris,22-26janvier1996 Jeunesetmdiadedemain,quellesproblmatiques?quellesperspectives?,  +%1 Groupederecherchesurlesrelationsenfants/mdia,Foruminternationaldechercheurs,UNESCO,Paris,21-25avril1997 Non-violence,toleranceandtelevision;aninternationalroundtable 8.(5 organizedbyUNESCO,theInternationalProgrammefortheDevelopmentof .)6 /[I}  H/[I}  HCommunication,andtheIndianGovernment,NewDelhi,1April1994;reportoftheChairmantotheIntergovernmentalCounciloftheInternationalProgrammefortheDevelopmentofCommunication ViolenceinBroadcastingWorldwide,InternationalSurveyofRegulationsin R BroadcastingwithSpecificRegardtoViolence,preparedforUNESCObyBroadcastingStandardsCouncil,paperbyColinShaw,Director,BSC TelevisionViolenceversusViewerPower:thePowertoZapAway,asynthesis j 0 ofUNESCOIPDCActions1994-1996,byCarlosA.Arnaldo,Chief,FreeFlowofInformationandCommunicationResearch,InternationalProgrammefortheDevelopmentofCommunication,UNESCO,Paris,23January1996ChroniquesduForum,No.1, Lesjeunesetlesmdiasdemain,juin1996 H  (English/fran ais)UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme/UNESCO/UNICEF/WorldBank `   Educationforall,achievingthegoal,finalreportmid-decadeofthe &  InternationalConsultativeForumonEducationforAll,16-19June1996,Amman,Jordan@B B p4.Byregionalintergovernmentalorganizations >  Tlvisionetenfants,parBernardBlin,Conseildel'Europe,Comit  directeursurlapolitiquesociale,projetpolitiquedel'enfance,Strasbourg,11avril1995@ p5.Byintergovernmentalandnon-governmental  Ѐorganizationsandindividualexperts n ChildnetInternational 4  Promotingtheinterestsofchildrenininternationalcommunications, ! NigelWilliamsGRAPES !$ Children'sEnvironmentsResearchGroup,CityUniversityofNewYork: The "d& WholeStorybyKidsforKids d#*' InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross/OfficeoftheUnitedNationsHigh $) CommissionerforRefugees(UNHCR)/UNICEF/InternationalFederationofRedCrossandRedCrescentSocieties |&B!+ JointstatementontheevacuationofunaccompaniedchildrenfromRwandaInternationalFederationofJournalists Z* %0  TheChildandtheMedia,BettinaPeeters,Brussels,October1996 +&2  r-8(4 InternationalSavetheChildrenAlliance :  Children,EthicsandtheMedia  M.Koren R  Tellmetherightofthechildtoinformation,NBLC,TheHague,   NovemberIIJ   J1996NGOGroupfortheConventionontheRightsoftheChild 0   Sub-GrouponEducation,LiteracyandMassMedia, Mediaandchildren'srights    UnlimitedProductions H   Whatcanbedonetodevelopthepossibilitiesforchildrentoparticipate   activelyinthemedia?,bySaraMacNeill `  Watch,theWorldAllianceofTelevisionforChildren &  PrixJeunesseandWatchattheUNICEFWorkshop, TheChildandtheMedia, x 7October1996.TheFoundation'sobjectiveistocontributetoanimprovementofworldwidetelevisionoutputfortheyoung,topromotecommunicationbetweennationsandtoincreaseprogrammeexchangeonaninternationallevelAsianDeclarationontheChildandtheMedia,AsianSummitonRightsoftheChildandtheMedia,Manila-2-5July1996 Youthandmedia,bibliographycompiledbyDavidB.Shedden,Poynter  InstituteforMediaStudies Panel3b:Theroleofthemedia,Rapporteur'ssummary,WorldCongress 4 againstCommercialSexualExploitationofChildren,Stockholm,August1996 Networkingforchildren'srightsinthemedia,byConnieTadros,inMedia L" Development,1994 L #  Lolitalives:childimageryinthemedia,byJaneLizop,MediaAdviserto !% theWorldCongressagainstCommercialSexualExploitationofChildren,inCROSSLINESGlobalReport,August1996 d#*'  PrimeTimeforChildren,including RecommendationsforFurtherAction,in $) CROSSLINESGlobalReport,August1996 %| *  Sex,computersandvideotapesbyEvePorter,inCROSSLINESGlobalReport, B'", September1996,vol.4,No.24  ("- }@'pAnnexVII : @00pLISTOFDOCUMENTSISSUEDFORTHE@ pTHIRTEENTHSESSIONOFTHECOMMITTEECRC/C/2/Rev.50 3 03 #3 #0##Reservations,declarationsandobjections   relatingtotheConventionontheRightsoftheChild ## CRC/C/3/Add.36 3     InitialreportofMauritius 0   CRC/C/3/Add.37 3     InitialreportofUruguay    CRC/C/8/Add.25 3     InitialreportofSlovenia H  CRC/C/8/Add.26 3     InitialreportofNigeria   CRC/C/11/Add.90 3 03 #3 #0##InitialreportoftheUnitedKingdomof `&  GreatBritainandNorthernIreland:DependentTerritories(HongKong) ## CRC/C/15/Add.60 3 0  0##Concludingobservations:Moroccox>## CRC/C/15/Add.610 3   03 #3 #Concludingobservations:Nigeria## CRC/C/15/Add.620 3 03 #3 #0##Concludingobservations:UruguayV## CRC/C/15/Add.630 3 03 #3 #0##Concludingobservations:UnitedKingdomof  GreatBritainandNorthernIreland:DependentTerritories(HongKong) ## CRC/C/15/Add.640 3 03 #3 #0##Concludingobservations:Mauritius4## CRC/C/15/Add.650 3 03 #3 #0##Concludingobservations:Slovenia!## CRC/C/27/Rev.60 3 03 #3 #0##NotebytheSecretary-GeneralonfollowupL ###     3     totheconsiderationofreportsCRC/C/28/Add.1 3     InitialreportofMorocco "d& CRC/C/40/Rev.40 3 03 #3 #0##NotebytheSecretary-Generalonareas *$( identifiedbytheCommitteefortechnicalassistance ## CRC/C/550 03 # #03 #3 #0##ProvisionalagendaandannotationsB'",## CRC/C/560 03 # #03 #3 #0##NotebytheSecretary-GeneralontheStates (#. partiestotheConventionandthestatusofsubmissionofreports ## CRC/C/SR.315-343 3   0  Summaryrecordsofthethirteenthsession+&2## @vv)p-----