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(  ?   q?   ?       ?   ?!33 ?!)~   (('?''&&?%%?%$$ # ?# ?# ? ? ???   ?  - -? ?- ~, `, ?, , , , ~+8+  ~+ ` ~.`  0+  *?  *!*!* "* #*3~)6)?3)3)3)?3)3)3)2(?2(2(2(?2~( @2~+@2(2~*J~@1(?1(1~*1~*`1~(@4~(01(1)1A0~A3A?0~A3~D 0A?0B0B1B1B1v)BOlePartOlePres000 METAFILEPICTQQZ T   ZQ   0  @ 0 7-s/&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK( $ Figure  1  C!UKUS.,  TRW6&X3' Letter 6&A43'LetterTӁӁӁ  33+B.++b >uQ!XB  _  R?+?D 'F dEF ??D 'QG dEQG ?_01]MIz|_ p @X@E_X__Ӂ3 UNITED R NATIONS .3i3Ӂ3i! ??++7! E e?8r*ODPddd Xdd Xdd Xe#e#,dd ,}dd , dd +   mqT9)%`|1Q ` EDQQDm                  '  '3iӁ3 1 3iInternational D HumanRights - Instruments#  3 1##Ӂ # +! l  +Distr.    @  @ GENERAL |  @  @ _HRI_/MC/1994/2 `   @  @ 12August1994 '   @  @ Original:ENGLISH 8.) _ &?99 8 'D ' (D (      'D!  ' (}'"  ("       mm:FifthMeetingofChairpersons m# ЀofTreatyBodies 4$ Geneva,1923September1994 % Item6oftheprovisionalagenda l& @  0IMPROVINGTHEOPERATIONOFTHEHUMANRIGHTSTREATYBODIES ) @""$0ReportoftheSecretary-General O+ E.++b >uQ!??E@-0Introduction 3-  :(43H1.  TheGeneralAssemblyfirstdecidedtoincludeonitsagendaanitemonthe k/ reportingobligationsofStatespartiesunderUnitedNationshumanrights 20 instrumentsinitsresolution37/44of3December1982.Sincethen,theGeneral O1 Assemblyhasconsideredandexpresseditsconcernoverproblemsrelatingtothe 2 reportingobligationsundervarioushumanrightsinstruments,aswellastheir 3 effectivemonitoringbythebodiescreatedunderthoseinstruments,ateachof N4 itssessionsandhasadoptedrelevantresolutionsreflectingsuchconcerns(most k5 recently,GeneralAssemblyresolutions47/111and48/120). 26 2.  ThefirstmeetingoftheChairpersonsofthebodiesentrustedwiththe  j 8 considerationofreportssubmittedundertherelevanthumanrightsinstruments !1!9 tookplaceatGenevaon16and17August1984.Theresultsofthatmeetingare N"!: containedindocumentA/39/484.TheSecond,ThirdandFourthMeetingsofthe #"; ChairpersonswereheldatGenevafrom10to14October1988,from1to5October ##< 1990andfrom12to16October1992,respectively.TheFifthMeetingof $M$= ChairpersonshasbeenconvenedbytheSecretaryGeneralpursuantto j%%> GeneralAssemblyresolution47/111of16December1992andCommissiononHuman 1&%? Rightsresolution1993/16of26February1993. &&@ e...**GE.9418482(E)  ..E R};<B.++b >uQ!++7B3. Q ThemajorinternationaleventinthehumanrightsfieldsincetheFourth  MeetingoftheChairpersonswastheWorldConferenceonHumanRights,heldat  Viennafrom14to25June1993.InsectionII,paragraph3,oftheVienna b DeclarationandProgrammeofAction(A/CONF.157/23),theWorldConference )U recognized"thatrelevantspecializedagenciesandbodiesandinstitutionsofthe  UnitedNationssystem...playavitalroleintheformulationandimplementation  ofhumanrightsstandards"andcalleduponsuchbodiestotakeintoaccountthe ~  outcomeoftheConferencewithintheirfieldsofcompetence.Accordingly,this E q reportcontainsfrequentreferencestotheConference'smainactionsor  8 recommendations,asreflectedintheabovementioneddocument,aswellastothe    viewsorrecommendationscontainedintheViennaStatementoftheInternational    HumanRightsTreatyBodies(A/CONF.157/TBB/4)andintheinterimreportonthe a   updatedstudybytheindependentexpertonenhancingthelongtermeffectiveness (T  oftheUnitedNationshumanrightstreatyregime(A/CONF.157/PC/Add.11/Rev.1),   bothofwhichweresubmittedtotheWorldConference.   @ I.FOLLOWUPACTIONONTHECONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONS Dp   OFTHEFOURTHMEETINGOFCHAIRPERSONS  7  4. Q ThereportoftheFourthMeetingofChairpersons(A/47/628)wasconsidered  bytheGeneralAssemblyatitsfortysixthandfortyseventhsessions. ` Developmentsrelatingdirectlytotheconclusionsandrecommendationscontained 'S thereinarediscussedbelow.  0 Q RoleoftheSecurityCouncilanddevelopmentofeffectiveresponsesin | emergencysituations(paras.4245)CoQ#Q# 5. Q PursuanttotheChairpersons'suggestionthateachtreatybody"undertake  anurgentexaminationofallpossiblemeasuresthatitmighttakewithinits  competence,bothtopreventhumanrightsviolationsfromoccurringandtomonitor _ morecloselyemergencysituationsofallkindsarisingwithinthejurisdictionof &R Statesparties",anumberofconcretestepshavealreadybeenundertaken.The  CommitteeontheEliminationofRacialDiscriminationadoptedaworkingpaperon   thepreventionofracialdiscrimination,whichincludedthefollowingearly {! warningandurgentprocedures: Bn"  Q (i)  Earlywarningmeasures  $  Q 0  Establishmentofafollowupmechanismtotheadoptionofconcluding ^"& observations,particularlyincaseswheresuchactionwasdeemed %#Q' especiallyimportant;#(##  Q 0  MemberscouldoffertovisitStatespartiestofacilitatethe z% * implementationofcertaininternationalstandards,tohelpdealwith A&m!+ specificproblemsortoassistineffortstoestablishhumanrights '4", institutionalinfrastructure;'"-##  Q 0  TheCommittee'sconcludingobservationscouldincludespecific ])$/ recommendationstotheeffectthatStatespartiesconsideravailing $*P%0 themselvesofassistanceunderthetechnicalcooperationprogrammeof *&1 theCentreforHumanRights;+&2##   y,'3  Q 0  CommitteememberscouldoffertheirexpertisetotheCentreforHuman   RightsintheimplementationoftheCentre'stechnicalcooperation  programmes;b##  Q 0  TheCommitteecouldsubmitinformationtotheSecretaryGeneralasa  contributiontotheearlywarningmechanismtobeestablishedpursuant  toGeneralAssemblyresolution47/120,sectionII(1);~ ##  Q 0  Greatercooperationcouldbedevelopedwithregionalarrangementsfor  8 thepromotionandprotectionofhumanrightsassuchcooperationwould    enhancetheCommittee'sinformationbaseandfacilitatefollowupto    theCommittee'srecommendations;a  ##  Q 0  TheCommitteecouldtakeamoreactiveapproachinencouraging   internationalassistanceforthepromotionandprotectionofhuman   rights.} ##  Q (ii)  Urgentprocedures  7   Q 0  TheCommitteecouldrequesttheurgentsubmissionofaspecialreport  containingmeasurestakentopreventtheserious,massiveor ` persistentracialdiscrimination(orhumanrightsviolations);'S##  Q 0  TheCommitteecoulddesignateaspecialrapporteurtoactasafocal  pointformonitoringcriticalsituations,toconsultwiththe | Chairpersonontheinitiationoftheurgentactionprocedureandto Co followupondecisionstaken; 6##  Q 0  TheCommitteecouldaddressanexpressionofitsconcern,alongwith  recommendationsforaction,to:theStatepartyconcerned;special _ rapporteur(s)oftheCommissiononHumanRights;theSecretaryGeneral &R fortheattentionoftheearlywarningmechanismtobeestablished  pursuanttoGeneralAssemblyresolution47/120,sectionII(1);all   otherhumanrightsbodiesdealingwiththequestionconcerned;the {! SecretaryGeneral,alongwitharecommendationthatthematterbe Bn" broughttotheattentionoftheSecurityCouncil. 5###  Q     6. Q Severalothercommitteeshavealsointroducedormadeuseofurgent !% procedures.TheHumanRightsCommitteehasmaderequestsforspecialreports,on ^"& anurgentbasis,fromBosniaandHerzegovina,Croatia,Yugoslavia(Serbiaand %#Q' Montenegro),PeruandBurundi.Italsoamendeditsrulesofproceduretothe #( effectthatinbetweensessionstheChairperson,inconsultationwithmembersof $) theCommittee,canrequestthesubmissionofsuchreports.TheCommitteeon z% * Economic,SocialandCulturalRightshasdevelopedarangeofoptionsfor A&m!+ requestingadditionalinformationfromaStateparty,includinginserious '4", situationswherethereisanurgentneedforinformation.Insuchcases,ifthe '"- additionalinformationisnotforthcoming,theCommitteecanrequesttheState (#. partyconcernedtoacceptamissionconsistingofoneortwooftheCommittee ])$/ members,forthepurposeofcontinuingtheCommittee'sdialoguewiththeState $*P%0 party.TodatenoStatepartyhascompliedwitharequestoftheCommitteeto *&1 permititsmemberstovisitthatStateparty.TheCommitteeontheRightsofthe +&2 Childhasdrawnitsconcernsregardingtheplightofchildrenintheterritory y,'3 of,forexample,theformerYugoslaviatotheattentionoftheSpecialRapporteur @-l(4 appointedbytheCommissiononHumanRightstofollowthesituationofhuman  rightsintheterritoryoftheformerYugoslavia.  7. Q TheHighCommissionerforHumanRightshasexpressedhisintentionto )U cooperatefullywiththetreatybodiesindischarginghismandateintheareaof  preventingviolationsandrespondingtoemergencysituations,andhasrequested  theirsuggestionsandassistance. ~  8. Q Noformalactionhasyetbeentakeninrespectoftheproposalbythe  8 SecretaryGeneralconcerningtheneedtoexplorethepossibilityof"empowering"    thetreatybodiesalongwiththeSecretaryGeneraltobringmassive    violationsofhumanrightstotheattentionoftheSecurityCouncil,together a   withrecommendationsforaction.However,asnotedabove,theCommitteeonthe (T  EliminationofRacialDiscrimination,undertheearlywarningandurgent   proceduresithasnowadopted,doesenvisagerecommendingtotheSecretary   GeneralthatitsconcernsbebroughttotheattentionoftheSecurityCouncil,as }  appropriate. Dp  0 Q Moreeffectiveintegrationofhumanrightsintothetotalityof   UnitedNationsactivities(para.46)Q#Q# 9. Q Thecoordinationofactivitiesrelatingtothepromotionandprotectionof 'S humanrightsthroughouttheUnitedNationssystemisoneofthefunctionsofthe  HighCommissionerforHumanRights,assetoutinGeneralAssemblyresolution  48/141.Thecreationofthepositioninitselfrepresentsamajoradvance | towardstheintegrationofhumanrightsconcernsintotheoverallrangeofthe Co Organization'sactivities.TheChairpersonsmayalsowishtonoteinthis  6 connectionthattheViennaStatementindicatedthatagenciessuchastheUnited  NationsDevelopmentProgramme,theWorldBankandtheInternationalMonetary  Fund,aswellasofficialsresponsibleforpeace-keeping,electionmonitoringand _ othersuchactivities,shouldreceivehumanrightstraining. &R 0 Q Financingofthetreatybodies(paras.4748) Q#Q# 10. Q Initsresolution47/111,theGeneralAssemblyinteraliaendorsedthe Bn" amendmentsrelatingtofinancingthatwereadoptedbytheStatespartiestothe  5# InternationalConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination  $ andtheConventionagainstTortureandOtherCruel,InhumanorDegrading !% TreatmentorPunishmentandrequestedtheSecretaryGeneralto"takethe ^"& appropriatemeasurestoprovideforthefinancingoftheCommitteesestablished %#Q' underthoseConventionsfromtheregularbudgetoftheUnitedNations,beginning #( withthebudgetforthebiennium19941995"and"toensurethatthetwo $) Committeesmeetasscheduleduntiltheamendmentsenterintoforce". z% *  Q Secretariatservicing(paras.4950) '4", 11. Q TheWorldConferencerecommended,interalia,thatsufficienthuman, (#. fundingandotherresourcesshouldbeprovidedtotheCentreforHumanRightsto ])$/ enableittocarryoutitsactivitieseffectively,efficientlyand_expeditiously. $*P%0 ItalsostressedtheimportanceofstrengtheningtheCentreforHumanRightsand *&1 assuring"adequatemeansforthesystemofthematicandcountryrapporteurs, +&2 experts,workinggroupsandtreatybodies". y,'3  @-l(4 12. Q TheviewwasputforwardintheViennaStatementthatifthetreaty  supervisorysystemweretofunctionefficientlyandeffectivelythenumberofthe  relevantprofessionalstaffshouldbetripled. b  Q Informationsources(paras.5155)  13. Q InthelightoftherecommendationsadoptedbytheFourthMeetingof ~  Chairpersonsinrespectoftheestablishmentofanintegratedinformationand E q documentationsystem,includingcomputerizationoftheworkofthetreatybodies,  8 theestablishmentofcountrydossiers,andensuringtheadequateflowof    informationfromnongovernmentalorganizations,thefollowinginformationisof    relevance: a    Q (i)0  Establishinganintegratedinformationanddocumentationsystem,   includingcomputerizationoftheworkofthetreatybodies ## 14. Q Thecreationofanintegratedinformationanddocumentationsystemwould Dp  greatlyfacilitatethecontrolandretrievalofinformation,includingdirectly  7  relevantUnitedNationsandspecializedagencydocumentation,someofwhichis   availableinexistingdatabases.Forexample,theInternationalLabourOffice  andtheOfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugeeshave ` informationofdirectrelevancetotheworkofthetreatybodies"online",but 'S suchinformationisnotbeingsystematicallyaccessedbytheCentreforHuman  Rights.  15. Q TheCommissiononHumanRightsinitsresolution1994/19requestedthe Co SecretaryGeneraltogivehighprioritytoestablishingacomputerizeddatabase  6 toimprovetheefficiencyandeffectivenessofthefunctioningoftreatybodies  andtogiveprioritytoexpeditingtheimplementationoftherecommendationsof  theTaskForceonComputerizationassoonaspossible. _ 16. Q TheCentreforHumanRightshasappointedacoordinatorforoffice  automation.Thecoordinatorwillberesponsibleforsuchmattersasthe   purchasingofhardwareandsoftware,developingalocalareanetworkforthe {! Centre,linkingtheCentretoexistingelectronicinformationsystemsand Bn" databasesanddevelopingfurtherdatabases.Thespecialdatabaseneedsofthe  5# treatybodiesarebeingaddressedasamatterofpriority,includingthe  $ developmentofdatabasesrelatingtothestatusofinternationalinstruments,the !% statusofreporting,andinformationconcerningfollowupofsuggestionsand ^"& recommendationscontainedinobservationsemanatingfromtheconsiderationof %#Q' Statepartyreports.Theestablishmentoffree,textretrievaldatabasesfor #( Statepartyreports,summaryrecordsoftheconsiderationofsuchreports,and $) forconcludingobservations,isalsobeingpursued. z% *  Q (ii)  Countrydossiers '4", 17. Q Thesecretariathasbegunpreparingcountrydossiersforindividual (#. committees.Thedevelopmentofacentralizedsystemforcountryrelated  ])$/ informationwillbeofgreatimportancetothesuccessofsucheffortsandtothe  eventualdevelopmentofasingledossierthatcouldbemadeavailabletoall  treatybodies. b  Q (iii)Roleofnongovernmentalorganizations  18. Q TheViennaStatementreiteratedthatnongovernmentalorganizationshave ~  importantrolestoplayinscrutinizingStatepartyreportsatthenational E q level;providinginformationtotreatybodies;assistinginthedisseminationof  8 information;contributingtotheimplementationofrecommendationsbythetreaty    bodies.ItsuggestedthatanNGOliaisonunitshouldbeestablishedbythe    CentreforHumanRightstofacilitateoutreachbythetreatybodies. a   19. Q Anumberofsignificantdevelopmentshavetakenplacerecentlyinthearea   ofcooperationbetweennongovernmentalorganizationsandcertaintreatybodies   intheinformationfield: }  B.++K >uQ!++7B:(i)0  NGOshaveorganizedthemselvesintoanNGOGroupontheConventionon  7  theRightsoftheChildandhaveappointedacoordinatortoliaisenot   onlywiththeCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildandthesecretariat  butalsowithinternationalandnationalNGOsworkingonchildren's ` rights.TheNGOGrouphaspreparedaguidefornongovernmental 'S organizationsonhowtheymaypresentcomplementaryinformationtothe  CommitteeontheRightsoftheChild.Onthebasisofthewritten  informationsubmittedbyNGOstotheCommittee,particularNGOsmaybe | invitedtopresentinformationorallytoitspre-sessionalworking Co group. 6## :(ii)0  Toimprovethecoordinationofnongovernmentalandotherinformation  presentedtotheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacial _ Discrimination,anorganizationcalledtheAntiRacismInformation &R Service(ARIS)hasbeenestablishedbytheNGOcommunity.The  organizationalsodisseminatesofficialUnitedNationsdocuments,   reports,observationsandpressreleasestohumanrightsgroupsand {! individuals.Bn"## FF :(iii)0  TheCommitteeonEconomic,SocialandCulturalRightsadopted,inMay  $ 1993,anewprocedurerelatingtotheparticipationof !% non-governmentalorganizationsintheCommittee'sactivities. ^"& Non-governmentalorganizationshavebeenencouragedtoprovidewritten %#Q' informationtotheCommitteeandhavebeengiventhepossibilityto #( presentoralinformationthatisreliable,relevantandfocusedonthe $) provisionsoftheCovenantonEconomic,SocialandCulturalRights z% * and/orcountrysituationstotheCommitteebothduringitspre A&m!+ sessionalworkinggroupandatthebeginningofeachofitssessions. '4", TheCommitteerequesteditsChairperson,inconjunctionwiththe '"- secretariat,tomaketheseproceduresaswidelyknownaspossible.(#.## H.++b >uQ!++K 7H0 Q Publicinformation(paras.5659)$*P%0Q#Q# 20. Q Aprocedurehasbeeninstitutedforsharinginformationthroughthe +&2 preparationofabriefingnoteabouttheactivitiesoftheCommitteesaftereach y,'3 oftheirsessions.SomeCommitteeshavealsobeguntoincorporateintheir @-l(4 concludingobservationsthesuggestionthatStatespartiesshouldprepareina  specialpackage,anddisseminateaswidelyaspossible,theStatepartyreport  andthesummaryrecordsandconcludingobservationsontheexaminationofthe b report. )U 21. Q IntheViennaStatementoftheInternationalHumanRightsTreatyBodiesit  isnotedthatthetreatybodiescannotfulfiltheirfunctionseffectivelyif ~  informationabouttheiractivitiesisconfinedtoGovernmentsandthatefforts E q shouldthereforebemadetopresenttheiractivitiesinwaysthatareaccessible  8 tothecommunityatlarge.Itissuggested,interalia,thatsuchinformation    shouldbemadeavailablefordiscussiontocommunitygroupsthroughnational    institutions,NGOs,schools,thepressandotherrelevantmedia,andthe a   importanceofeffortstoeducatecitizensandresidentsabouthumanrightsand (T  democracyasessentialelementsofaneffectiveoverallhumanrightsstrategyis   stressed.TheWorldConference,foritspart,calledonGovernments,withthe   assistanceofintergovernmentalorganizations,nationalinstitutionsandnon }  governmentalorganizations,topromoteanincreasedawarenessofhumanrightsand Dp  mutualtolerance.  7   Q Reservations(paras.6065)  22. Q IntheViennaDeclarationandProgrammeofAction,theWorldConferenceon 'S HumanRightsrecommendedthatStates"considerlimitingtheextentofany  reservationstheylodgetointernationalhumanrightsinstruments,formulateany  reservationsaspreciselyandnarrowlyaspossible,ensurethatnoneis | incompatiblewiththeobjectandpurposeoftherelevanttreatyandregularly Co reviewanyreservationswithaviewtowithdrawingthem".TheConferencealso  6 expressedsupportforfindingwaysandmeansofaddressingtheparticularlylarge  numberofreservationstotheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof  DiscriminationagainstWomenandurgedStatestowithdrawreservationsthatwere _ contrarytotheobjectandpurposeofthatConventionorwhichwereotherwise &R incompatiblewithtreatylaw.Itmadethesamerecommendationinrespectofthe  ConventionontheRightsoftheChild.   23. Q Intheforegoingconnection,itmayalsobenotedthatinresponsetoSub Bn" Commissionresolution1992/3,theCommitteeontheEliminationofDiscrimination  5# againstWomenrecommendedthattheSubCommissionshouldsupportstepstoseekan  $ advisoryopinionfromtheInternationalCourtofJusticethatwouldclarifythe !% issueofreservationstothehumanrightstreatiesandtherebyassistStates ^"& partiesintheirratificationandimplementationofthoseinternational %#Q' instruments.Additionally,theHumanRightsCommitteehasbegunpreparatorywork #( onageneralcommentthatwouldaddressissuesrelatingtoreservationsmadeupon $) ratificationoraccessiontotheCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRightsorits z% * firstOptionalProtocol. A&m!+ 0 Q Successioninrelationtohumanrightsobligations(para.66)'"-Q#Q# 24. Q TheCommissiononHumanRights,initsresolution1994/16onsuccessionof ])$/ Statesinrespectofinternationalhumanrightstreaties,reiterateditscallto $*P%0 successorStateswhichhadnotyetdonesotoconfirmthattheycontinuedtobe *&1 boundbyobligationsunderinternationalhumanrightstreaties.Inall,seven +&2 Stateshavethusfardoneso.TheCommitteeontheEliminationofRacial y,'3 DiscriminationandtheHumanRightsCommitteehavebothtakenstepstodrawto @-l(4 theattentionofsuccessorStatestotheformerSovietUnionthefactthatthe  protectionsandobligationscontainedintherespectiveinstrumentscontinuedto  extendtotheinhabitantsofsuchStatesasfromtheirrespectivedatesof b independence. )U 0 Q Newinstruments(paras.6769)Q#Q# 25. Q TheWorldConferenceencouragedtheCommissiononHumanRights,in E q cooperationwiththeCommitteeonEconomic,SocialandCulturalRights,to  8 continuetheexaminationofoptionalprotocolstotheInternationalCovenanton    Economic,SocialandCulturalRights.Itreaffirmedthateffortstoeradicate    tortureshould,firstandforemost,beconcentratedonpreventionandcalledfor a   theearlyadoptionofanoptionalprotocoltotheConventionagainstTortureand (T  OtherCruel,InhumanandDegradingTreatmentorPunishmentaimedatestablishing   apreventivesystemofregularvisitstoplacesofdetention.TheConference   alsosuggestedthattheCommissionontheStatusofWomenandtheCommitteeon }  theEliminationofDiscriminationagainstWomenshouldexaminethepossibilityof Dp  introducingtherightofpetitionthroughthepreparationofanoptionalprotocol  7  totheConventionontheEliminationofDiscriminationagainstWomen.   26. Q Inaddition,theCommissiononHumanRights,initsresolutions1994/90and ` 1994/91,decidedtoestablishtwoopenendedworkinggroups,oneofwhichwould 'S considerdraftinganoptionalprotocoltotheConventionontheRightsofthe  Childontheissueofraisingtheagelimitforchildreninthearmedforces,and  theothertoelaborateguidelinesforapossibledraftoptionalprotocoltothe | ConventionontheRightsoftheChildonthesaleofchildren,childprostitution Co andchildpornography,aswellasbasicmeasuresfortheirpreventionand  6 eradication.TheCommitteeontheRightsoftheChildpreparedadraftoptional  protocoltotheConventionontheRightsoftheChildinrespectofraisingthe  agelimitofchildrenservinginthearmedforcesandispreparingaresponseon _ thesubjectofthesaleofchildren,childprostitutionandchildpornography. &R 27. Q TheSubCommissionpreparedforcommentthetextofapossibledraftthird   optionalprotocoltotheInternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights {! (annexedtoitsresolution1993/26).TheHumanRightsCommitteesubsequently Bn" informedtheSubCommissionthat,initsview,itwasinadvisabletopursuethe  5# elaborationofanoptionalprotocolthataimedataddingarticle9.3and9.4as  $ wellasarticle14tothelistofnonderogablerightsenumeratedinarticle4.2 !% oftheCovenant. ^"&  Q Overdueandnonsubmittedreports(paras.7072) #( 28. Q Theissueofoverduereportsandnonsubmissionofreportshascontinuedto z% * receiveconsiderableattention. A&m!+ 29. Q Theindependentexpert,inhisinterimreport,statedthat"thecurrent '"- levelofoverduereports(inexcessof1,000)ischronicandentirely (#. unacceptable.Aslongasitistolerated,thecredibilityoftheentireregime ])$/ isthreatened,Governmentsbecomeaccustomedtoignoringtheirobligations,and $*P%0 thecriticismsofthosewhoportraythereportingsystemastoothlessor *&1 ineffectualarepartlyvindicated."Headdedthat"theimmunityfromscrutiny, +&2 currentlyenjoyedbynonreportingStates,mustberemovedbyschedulingthe y,'3 situationinthoseStatesforexamination."TheViennaStatementnotedthat @-l(4 "Fullandeffectivecompliancewithinternationaltreatyobligationsisan  essentialcomponentofaninternationalorderbasedontheruleoflaw.Failure  tocomply,includingafailuretoreportasrequired,constitutesaviolationof b internationallaw." )U 30. Q TheprovisionofadvisoryservicestoStatespartieswhosereportswere  overduewasadvocatedbyboththeindependentexpertandbytherepresentatives ~  oftheinternationaltreatybodiesmeetingatVienna.TheWorldConferencealso E q