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Documeà˨3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Ùxغ8_TabNote(S)Tabs for notes in single columnÓØgè!èÐ’ ! ± @‚MÜ‚‹"$ª%‚Y*é+x-‚'2·3F5‚õ9…;=‚ÃAè!è:’ ! ± @‚MÜ‚‹"$ª%‚Y*é+x-‚'2·3F5‚õ9…;=‚ÃAØÓðÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularTABLE A+¡Žn   ‹0Times New Roman Boldt~’¯8_TabNote(D)Tabs for notes in dual columnÓ~ è9x¦è!è:’ ! ± @‚MÜ‚‹"$ª%‚Y*é+x-‚'2·3F5‚õ9…;=‚ÃA~Óf—| Ëk4_Note (D)Codes for endnote manualÓ 3³ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓÓÝ ƒ.’¯ÿÝÓ! è9x¦°œX!ÓÝ  ÝÔ€©‘½§XXÔÓ 3³ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓÓÓ! è9x¦°œX!ÓÔ€©‘½§XXÔ„Ðw<¯÷2_Z Foot1Codes for footnotes (single column text)Ò°ÒÓ ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ ƒ)ºÿÝÓ{gè!èÐ’ ! ± @‚MÜ‚‹"$ª%‚Y*é+x-‚'2·3F5‚õ9…;=‚ÃA°œX{ÓÝ  Ýà‘\\˜àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÛÛÔ€©‘½§XXÔÓÓà0 Ê à dj¶‘*D 0_ H _ChTimes New Roman 14pt (bold) ÓÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÔ‡*ôÑwôôôÑwÔÔ‡*¼ô ¼ôôÑwÔÓÈÓÔ#SidÔÔ  ÔÓ 3³ÓÔ  Ôò òó óÔ ¦ÔÔ#idSÔÓ 3³ÓÔ‡,¼âz¼ ¼¼ôÔÔ‡,ô¿ô¼¼âzÔÌÓÈÓÓ  ÓÓÓÓ  ÓÔ  Ô~èÏÎ:_TTNote(Tab)Tabulation for notes after tablesÓ 3³3³ÓÓ~ è¨Ø‰ðè!è:’ ! ± @‚MÜ‚‹"$ª%‚Y*é+x-‚'2·3F5‚õ9…;=‚ÃA~ÓÔ‡*ô¸Qôôô¸QÔÔ‡*©EÓ©ôzô¸QÔÓÈÓÓ  ÓÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô€€Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/1998/II/4€(1998)ó óÐ ° ÐññÌññññÌññÓ  ÓDistr.:€GeneralÐ „Ô ÐññÌññññññò òññññññÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/1998/II/4ññññññ€ññññó óññññÐ X¨ Ð27€May€1998Ð B ’ ÐÌOriginal:€EnglishÐ  f ÐÓÍÓÌCommittee€on€the€Elimination€of€Discrimination€against€WomenÐ ê :  ÐNineteenth€sessionÐ Ô $  Ð22€June„10€July€1998Ð ¾  ÐItem€7€of€the€provisional€agenda€òò*óó/Ð ¨ø  ÐÌWays€and€means€of€expediting€the€work€of€the€CommitteeÐ |Ì  ÐÌÓ  ÓòòReport€by€the€SecretariatóóÐ P  ÐÓÓÌòòContentsóóà0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àà0 È(#È(#à€€€€€€€€à0x (# (#à€€€€€€òòParagraphsóó€Ð$tx(#x(# ÐÌÓ  ÓI.€€Introduction€....................................................................................................ññ.ññ.............................€1„4Ð øH ÐÌII.€€Pre„session€working€group€.........................................................................................................€5„7Ð Ì ÐÌIII.€€Human€Rights€Committeeððs€guidelines€...................................................ññ.ññ.................................€8„9Ð  ð ÐÌIV.€€Special€Rapporteur€on€violence€against€women€....................................................................€10„11Ð tÄ ÐÌV.€€Concluding€comments€...........................................................................................................€12„15Ð H˜ ÐÌVI.€€Ninth€meeting€of€persons€chairing€human€rights€treaty€bodies€.............................................€16„24Ð  l ÐÌVII.€€Commission€on€the€Status€of€Women€..................................................................................€25„29Ð ð!@  ÐÌVIII.€€Commission€on€Human€Rights€...........................................................................................€30„33Ð Ä#" ÐÌIX.€€Reports€to€be€considered€at€the€twentieth,€twenty„first€and€twenty„second€sessions..............ññ..ññ....34Ð ˜%è $ ÐÓsÓÌÌòòAnnexesóóÐ V(¦#' ÐÓ  ÓÌI.€€States€parties€whose€reports€are€more€than€five€years€overdue€.........................................................Ð **z%) Ðñ ñÌñ ñÓ) ÓÓ  ÓÌ____________________òòÐ þ+N'+ Ðà  à*óó/€€Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/1998/II/1Ð è,8(, ÐÐ Ò-")- ÐÓ  ÓII.€€States€parties€whose€reports€have€been€submitted€but€have€not€yet€been€considered€by€theÐ ° ÐCommittee€..............................................................................................................................................Ð šê ÐÌIII.€€Proposed€procedures€and€format€for€the€elaboration€of€concluding€comments€..............................Ð n¾ ÐÌÓˆ ÓÐ  B ’ ÐI.€€òòIntroductionóóÐ ° ÐÌ1.€€The€present€report€òò1óó/€addresses€a€number€of€issues€raised€by€the€Committee€on€the€EliminationÐ „Ô Ðof€Discrimination€against€Women€(Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô)€in€discussions€held€during€its€eighteenth€session€(19Ð n¾ ÐJanuary„6€February€1998).€These€include:Ð X¨ ÐÌà0  àð!ð€€The€timing€and€working€methods€of€the€pre„session€working€group;Ð, |(#(# Ðà0  àÐ (#(# Ðà0  àð!ð€€The€Human€Rights€Committeeððs€guidelines€for€the€exercise€of€functions€by€members;€òò2óó/Ð P(#(# Ðà0  àÐ (#(# Ðà0  àð!ð€€The€relationship€between€Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô€and€the€Special€Rapporteur€on€violence€againstÐ Ô $  Ðwomen;о (#(# Ðà0  àÐ (#(# Ðà0  àð!ð€€Practices€of€Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô€with€respect€to€concluding€comments.Ð’â (#(# ÐÌ2.€€The€report€also€contains:Ð f¶  ÐÌà0  àð!ð€€Relevant€issues€considered€at€the€ninth€meeting€of€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treatyÐ :Š Ðbodies,€held€at€Geneva€from€25€to€27€February€1998;Ð$t(#(# Ðà0  àÐ (#(# Ðà0  àð!ð€€Recommendations€made€to€the€Committee€by€the€Commission€on€the€Status€of€Women;ÐøH(#(# Ðà0  àÐ (#(# Ðà0  àð!ð€€Recommendations€made€to€the€Committee€by€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights.ÐÌ(#(# ÐÌ3.€€Recommendations€for€the€Committee€to€consider€in€regard€to€ways€and€means€of€expediting€itsÐ  ð Ðwork€are€highlighted€throughout€the€report.Ð ŠÚ ÐÌ4.€€A€list€of€States€parties€whose€reports€are€more€than€five€years€overdue€is€contained€in€annex€I€toÐ ^® Ðthe€present€report.€As€requested€by€the€Committee€at€earlier€sessions,€the€present€report€also€containsÐ H˜ Ða€list€of€States€parties€whose€reports€are€to€be€considered€in€order€of€receipt,€taking€into€accountÐ 2‚ Ðgeographical€balance€(see€annex€II).Ð  l ÐÌII.€€òòPre„session€working€groupóóÐ ð!@  ÐÌ5.€€At€its€eighteenth€session€(January„February€1998),€in€suggestion€I,€the€Committee€proposed€thatÐ Ä#" Ðits€pre„session€working€group€meet€at€the€end€of€the€previous€session€and€that€the€transition€to€thisÐ ®$þ# Ðpattern€of€work€take€place€at€its€twentieth€session,€in€January€1999.€Ð ˜%è $ ÐÌ6.€€Several€ways€of€effecting€this€transition€could€be€considered€by€the€Committee.€These€include:Ð l'¼"& Ðscheduling€the€pre„session€working€group€for€the€twenty„first€session€immediately€following€theÐ V(¦#' Ðconclusion€of€the€twentieth€session;€scheduling€the€pre„session€working€group€for€the€twenty„firstÐ @)$( Ðsession€prior€to€the€twentieth€session,€at€the€same€time€as€the€pre„session€working€group€for€theÐ **z%) Ðtwentieth€session;€and€constituting€a€third€working€group€during€the€twentieth€session€that€wouldÐ +d&* Ðserve€as€the€pre„session€working€group€for€the€twenty„first€session.€In€the€case€of€the€third€option,Ð þ+N'+ Ðthis€working€group€could€remain€for€up€to€three€days€after€the€twentieth€session€to€consolidate€theÐ è,8(, Ðlists€of€issues€and€questions€for€the€periodic€reports€to€be€considered€at€the€twenty„first€session.Ð Ò-")- ЇRecommendation:€The€Committee€may€wish€to€propose€modalities€for€a€smooth€transition€to€aÐ ° Ðpattern€of€work€where€its€pre„session€working€group€meets€at€the€session€prior€to€that€at€which€theÐ šê Ðreports€before€the€pre„session€will€be€considered.Ð „Ô ÐÌ7.€€At€its€seventeenth€session€(July€1997),€the€Committee€decided€that€the€expert€from€among€itsÐ X¨ Ðmembers€who€had€been€designated€rapporteur€for€a€particular€countryððs€periodic€report€should€sendÐ B ’ Ðan€introductory€report€on€the€most€relevant€matters€relating€to€the€situation€of€women€in€that€countryÐ , | Ðto€the€pre„session€working€group.€Responsibility€for€preparing€questions€on€periodic€reports€for€useÐ  f Ðby€the€working€group€would€continue€to€be€shared€among€Committee€members,€but€three€members,Ð  P Ðincluding€the€country€rapporteur,€would€be€nominated€from€among€members€to€prepare€questionsÐ ê :  Ðfor€each€report.€These€working€methods€might€be€assessed€by€the€Committee€and€further€refined,Ð Ô $  Ðòòinter€alia,óó€by€identifying€further€assistance€that€might€be€needed€from€the€Secretariat,€taking€accountÐ ¾  Ðof€the€practice€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee,€whose€pre„session€working€group€considers€aÐ ¨ø  Ðconcise€list€of€issues€drawn€up€by€the€country€rapporteur,€in€consultation€with€the€Secretariat.Ð ’â  ÐÌRecommendation:€The€Committee€may€wish€to€propose€that€country€rapporteurs,€in€consultationÐ f¶  Ðwith€the€Secretariat,€draw€up€lists€of€issues€and€questions€for€the€use€of€the€pre„session€workingÐ P  Ðgroup€with€respect€to€periodic€reports.Ð :Š ÐÌIII.€€òòHuman€Rights€Committeeððs€guidelinesóó€Ð ^ ÐÌ8.€€At€its€eighteenth€session,€in€its€decision€III,€Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô€reaffirmed€its€past€practice€that€ð ðmembersÐ â2 Ðof€the€Committee€should€refrain€from€participating€in€any€aspect€of€the€consideration€of€the€reportsÐ Ì Ðof€the€States€of€which€they€are€nationals€in€order€to€maintain€the€highest€standards€of€impartiality,Ð ¶ Ðboth€in€substance€and€appearanceðð.€òò3óó/Ð  ð ÐÌ9.€€At€its€sixty„third€session,€held€in€November€1997,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€adoptedÐ tÄ Ðguidelines€for€the€exercise€of€functions€by€members.€At€its€eighteenth€session,€the€Committee€on€theÐ ^® ÐElimination€of€Discrimination€against€Women€agreed€that€the€guidelines€would€be€circulated€amongÐ H˜ Ðmembers€for€their€information€and€comments,€and€possible€consideration€at€the€nineteenth€session.Ð 2‚ ÐWith€the€exception€of€paragraph€6,€concerning€participation€of€Committee€members€inÐ  l Ðcommunications,€all€paragraphs€of€the€guidelines€are€relevant€to€the€Committee€on€the€EliminationÐ !V Ðof€Discrimination€against€Women.Ð ð!@  ÐÌà0  àRecommendation:€The€Committee€may€wish€to€propose€that€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeððsÐ Ä#" Ðguidelines€for€the€exercise€of€functions€by€members,€with€any€comments€by€members€of€theÐ ®$þ# ÐCommittee€on€the€Elimination€of€Discrimination€against€Women,€be€circulated€by€theÐ ˜%è $ ÐChairperson€of€the€Committee€to€new€members€after€each€election.Ђ&Ò!%(#(# ÐÌIV.€€òòSpecial€Rapporteur€on€violence€against€womenóóÐ V(¦#' ÐÌ10.€€On€several€occasions,€the€Committee€has€stressed€the€need€for€cooperation€with€the€SpecialÐ **z%) ÐRapporteur€on€violence€against€women.òò4óó/€At€its€eighteenth€session,€the€Committee€agreed€to€appointÐ +d&* Ða€focal€point€from€amongst€its€members€to€develop€a€special€relationship€with€the€SpecialÐ þ+N'+ ÐRapporteur.€The€report€of€the€Special€Rapporteur€presented€at€the€fifty„fourth€session€of€theÐ è,8(, ÐCommission€on€Human€Rights€òò5óó/€is€available€to€Committee€members€at€this€session.€SpecificÐ Ò-")- Ðworking€procedures€to€strengthen€cooperation€between€the€Committee€and€the€Special€RapporteurÐ ° Ðand€measures€that€will€reinforce€their€separate,€but€interrelated,€mandates,€may€include€commentingÐ šê Ðon€the€reports€of€the€Special€Rapporteur.€€Another€possible€measure€is€to€alert€the€Special€RapporteurÐ „Ô Ðto€specific€cases€relating€to,€or€patterns€of,€violence€against€women,€or€particular€country€situations,Ð n¾ Ðwhich€may€require€investigation.Ð X¨ ÐÌ11.€€With€respect€to€specific€working€procedures€to€strengthen€cooperation€between€the€CommitteeÐ , | Ðand€the€Special€Rapporteur€on€violence€against€women€and€other€extra„conventional€human€rightsÐ  f Ðmechanisms,€attention€is€drawn€to€the€ninth€meeting€of€chairpersons€of€United€Nations€treaty€bodiesÐ  P Ðwhich€recommended€that€the€eleventh€meeting€be€organized€to€overlap€with€the€meeting€of€specialÐ ê :  Ðrapporteurs/representatives,€experts€and€chairpersons€of€working€groups€of€the€special€proceduresÐ Ô $  Ðof€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€to€be€held€in€May,€1999.€The€Chairperson€of€Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô€couldÐ ¾  Ðpresent€the€views€of€the€Committee€on€cooperation€with€the€extra„conventional€mechanisms€at€thatÐ ¨ø  Ðtime.Ð ’â  ÐÌà0  àRecommendations:€The€Committee€may€wish€to€nominate€a€focal€point€to€act€as€liaison€withÐ f¶  Ðthe€Special€Rapporteur€on€violence€against€women.€It€may€also€wish€to€institute€proceduresÐ P  Ðof€commenting€on€the€reports€of€the€Special€Rapporteur€and€informing€her€of€trends€orÐ :Š Ðpatterns€of€violence€against€women,€or€particular€country€situations,€which€may€have€comeÐ $t Ðto€the€attention€of€the€Committee.Ð^(#(# ÐÌV.€€òòConcluding€commentsóóÐ â2 ÐÌ12.€€At€its€thirteenth€session€in€January€1994,€the€Committee€adopted€the€practice€of€preparingÐ ¶ Ðconcluding€comments€on€the€reports€of€States€parties€before€the€Committee,€for€reflection€in€theÐ  ð Ðreport€of€the€Committee.€òò6óó/€At€the€same€session,€specific€procedures€were€agreed€for€the€preparationÐ ŠÚ Ðof€concluding€comments,€namely,€that€they€should€cover€the€most€important€points€raised€during€theÐ tÄ Ðconstructive€dialogue,€emphasizing€both€positive€aspects€of€the€reports€and€matters€on€which€theÐ ^® ÐCommittee€has€expressed€concern,€and€should€clearly€indicate€what€the€Committee€wished€the€StateÐ H˜ Ðparty€to€focus€on€in€its€next€report.€The€comments€were€to€be€concise€and,€where€second€andÐ 2‚ Ðsubsequent€reports€were€concerned,€they€should€take€into€account€the€findings€of€the€pre„sessionÐ  l Ðworking€group,€as€well€as€the€constructive€dialogue.Ð !V ÐÌ13.€€At€its€fifteenth€session€in€January€1996,€in€keeping€with€the€requirement€of€reducing€the€size€ofÐ Ú"*! Ðits€report€on€each€session,€the€Committee€decided€to€dispense€with€the€published€detailed€summaryÐ Ä#" Ðof€the€constructive€dialogue€on€the€reports€submitted€by€States€parties.€Summary€records€would,Ð ®$þ# Ðhowever,€be€retained€and€the€concluding€comments€and€recommendations€of€the€Committee€wouldÐ ˜%è $ Ðbe€preceded€by€a€brief€summary€of€the€presentation€of€the€State€party€concerned.òò7óó/€The€briefÐ ‚&Ò!% Ðsummary€of€the€presentation€of€the€State€party€should€be€an€accurate€record€of€the€statements€madeÐ l'¼"& Ðby€the€State€party€to€the€Committee.€As€agreed,€the€Secretariat€drafts€this€summary€and€consults€withÐ V(¦#' Ðthe€State€party€on€its€accuracy€before€including€it€in€the€text.Ð @)$( ÐÌ14.€€At€its€eighteenth€session,€the€Committee€requested€the€Secretariat€to€provide€it,€at€its€nineteenthÐ +d&* Ðsession,€with€the€draft€guidelines€on€the€formulation€of€concluding€comments.€òò3óó/€This€draft€isÐ þ+N'+ Ðattached€as€annex€III€to€the€present€report.Ð è,8(, ÐÐ Ò-")- Ð15.€€At€the€ninth€meeting€of€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies,€the€importance€of€highÐ ° Ðquality€concluding€observations,€with€a€particular€emphasis€on€the€identification€of€specificÐ šê Ðrecommendations,€was€reiterated.€The€chairpersons€noted€with€approval€the€strong€trend€towards€aÐ „Ô Ðreduction€in€the€length€of€those€parts€of€the€standard€format€dealing€with€ð ðfactors€and€difficultiesððÐ n¾ Ðand€ð ðpositive€factorsðð€and€they€supported€the€trend€towards€combining€the€sections€on€ð ðconcernsððÐ X¨ Ðand€ð ðsuggestions€and€recommendationsðð€into€a€single€section,€so€that€the€recommendations€and€theÐ B ’ Ðunderlying€concerns€that€give€rise€to€them€are€presented€in€a€coherent€manner.€òò8óó/€Both€the€HumanÐ , | ÐRights€Committee€and€the€Economic,€Social€and€Cultural€Rights€Committee€formulate€theirÐ  f Ðconcluding€observations€in€accordance€with€this€format.€Ð  P ÐÌà0  àRecommendation:€The€Committee€may€wish€to€review€the€draft€guidelines€on€theÐ Ô $  Ðformulation€of€concluding€comments€with€a€view€to€their€adoption.€In€so€doing,€it€may€wishÐ ¾  Ðto€take€into€account€the€strong€trend€in€other€treaty€bodies€of€combining€the€sections€onÐ ¨ø  Ðconcerns€and€suggestion€and€recommendations.Ð’â (#(# ÐÌVI.€€òòNinth€meeting€of€persons€chairing€human€rights€treaty€bodiesóó€Ð f¶  ÐÌ16.€€The€ninth€meeting€of€persons€charing€human€rights€treaty€bodies€was€convened€from€25„27Ð :Š ÐFebruary€1998€in€accordance€with€General€Assembly€resolution€52/118,€of€12€December€1997,€inÐ $t Ðwhich€the€Assembly€welcomed€the€request€of€the€chairpersons€for€an€extraordinary€three„dayÐ ^ Ðmeeting€early€in€1998€to€pursue€the€reform€process€with€the€aim€of€€improving€the€effectiveÐ øH Ðimplementation€of€international€instruments€on€human€rights.€The€report€of€the€meeting,€which€hasÐ â2 Ðbeen€made€available€to€Committee€members,€raises€a€number€of€issues€pertinent€to€the€work€of€theÐ Ì ÐCommittee.Ð ¶ ÐÌ17.€€The€chairpersons€reiterated€their€view€that€universal€ratification€of€the€six€core€human€rightsÐ ŠÚ Ðtreaties€constitutes€an€essential€dimension€of€a€global€order€committed€to€the€full€respect€of€humanÐ tÄ Ðrights,€and€emphasized€that€ratification€of€these€treaties€has€benefits€which€go€far€beyond€theÐ ^® Ðstrengthening€of€the€treaty€system€itself.€The€chairpersons€urged€the€United€Nations€system€as€aÐ H˜ Ðwhole€to€accord€greater€priority€to€efforts€to€encourage€and€facilitate€ratification€of€these€treaties€andÐ 2‚ Ðrecommended€that€a€major€priority€of€the€technical€cooperation€programme€of€the€Office€of€the€HighÐ  l ÐCommissioner€for€Human€Rights€should€be€to€provide€assistance€to€States,€at€their€request,€with€theÐ !V Ðprocess€of€ratifying€the€human€rights€treaties€and,€where€needed,€providing€assistance€in€theÐ ð!@  Ðpreparation€of€reports.€The€chairpersons€specifically€recommended€that€a€letter€be€sent€by€the€OfficeÐ Ú"*! Ðof€the€High€Commissioner,€after€consultation€with€the€chairpersons,€requesting€the€United€NationsÐ Ä#" ÐDevelopment€Programme€to€develop€a€comprehensive€programme€within€the€framework€of€itsÐ ®$þ# Ðactivities€to€facilitate€ratification€and€reporting€by€States.Ð ˜%è $ ÐÌà0  àRecommendation:€The€Committee€may€wish€to€consider€the€implications€of€theseÐ l'¼"& Ðrecommendations€for€the€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€DiscriminationÐ V(¦#' Ðagainst€Women€and€the€Committee.Ð@)$((#(# ÐÌ18.€€The€chairpersons€considered€the€preliminary€conclusions€of€the€International€Law€CommissionÐ +d&* Ðon€Reservations€to€Normative€Multilateral€Treaties€including€Human€Rights€Treaties.€òò9óó/€TheÐ þ+N'+ Ðchairpersons€welcomed€the€recognition€contained€in€the€preliminary€conclusions€that€treatyÐ è,8(, Ðmonitoring€bodies€have€an€important€competence€in€relation€to€reservations.€However,€theyÐ Ò-")- Ðconsidered€that€the€preliminary€conclusions€were€unduly€restrictive€and€that€they€paid€€insufficientÐ ° Ðattention€to€the€fact€that€human€rights€treaties,€by€virtue€of€their€subject€matter€and€their€recognitionÐ šê Ðof€individuals,€cannot€be€placed€on€the€same€footing€as€other€treaties.€The€chairpersons€expressedÐ „Ô Ðthe€belief€that€the€capacity€of€a€treaty€body€to€perform€its€function€of€determining€the€scope€of€theÐ n¾ Ðprovisions€of€the€relevant€treaty€cannot€be€performed€effectively€if€it€is€precluded€from€exercisingÐ X¨ Ða€similar€function€in€relation€to€reservations.€They€recalled€the€two€general€recommendationsÐ B ’ Ðadopted€by€the€Committee€on€the€Elimination€of€Discrimination€against€Women€on€reservations€andÐ , | Ðexpressed€support€for€the€approach€reflected€in€general€comment€24€adopted€by€the€Human€RightsÐ  f ÐCommittee.€òò10óó/Ð  P ÐÌà0  àRecommendation:€The€Committee€may€wish€to€take€these€views€into€account€as€it€completesÐ Ô $  Ðits€statement€on€reservations.о (#(# ÐÌ19.€€In€their€discussion€of€reporting€under€the€various€human€rights€treaties,€the€chairpersonsÐ ’â  Ðaddressed€the€question€of€the€timing€of€periodic€reports€which€follow€a€long€overdue€report.€TheyÐ |Ì  Ðagreed€that€it€was€important€to€avoid€adopting€rules€or€approaches€that€would€encourage€StatesÐ f¶  Ðparties€to€delay€the€submission€of€their€reports,€but€considered€that€it€was€appropriate€for€a€treatyÐ P  Ðbody€to€adopt€a€flexible€approach€that€enabled€€it€to€take€full€account€of€the€circumstances€of€eachÐ :Š Ðcase€in€determining€when€the€subsequent€report€of€a€State€party€which€has€been€overdue€inÐ $t Ðsubmitting€its€previous€report€should€be€submitted.€Ð ^ ÐÌà0  àRecommendation:€The€Committee€may€wish€to€take€these€views€into€account€when€itÐ â2 Ðconsiders€long€overdue€reports,€and€may€choose€to€depart€from€the€usual€reporting€cycle€setÐ Ì Ðout€in€article€18€where€individual€States€parties€are€concerned.ж(#(# ÐÌ20.€€The€chairpersons€also€reiterated€their€view€that€there€are€significant€advantages€in€seeking€toÐ ŠÚ Ðfocus€the€periodic€reports€of€States€parties€on€a€limited€range€of€issues,€which€might€be€identifiedÐ tÄ Ðin€advance€of€the€preparation€of€the€report.€The€chairpersons€noted€that€this€approach€would€reduceÐ ^® Ðthe€need€for€very€lengthy€reports,€minimize€delays€between€submission€and€examination€of€reports,Ð H˜ Ðenable€problem€areas€to€be€dealt€with€in€depth,€and€facilitate€the€follow„up€of€concluding€commentsÐ 2‚ Ðboth€for€the€State€party€and€the€Committee€concerned.€òò11óó/€The€chairpersons€considered€that€theÐ  l Ðprincipal€criteria€in€determining€the€appropriate€focus€of€periodic€reports€should€be€theÐ !V Ðrecommendations€contained€in€the€previous€concluding€comments€relating€to€the€State€party,Ð ð!@  Ðsignificant€new€measures€of€a€legislative,€judicial€or€policy€nature€adopted€since€the€examination€ofÐ Ú"*! Ðthe€last€report,€and€any€issues€identified€by€a€pre„session€working€group€as€requiring€a€sustainedÐ Ä#" Ðfocus.€The€chairpersons€will€return€to€this€matter€at€their€tenth€meeting€in€September€1998.€Ð ®$þ# ÐÌà0  àRecommendation:€The€Committee€may€wish€to€provide€its€Chairperson€with€its€views€on€theÐ ‚&Ò!% Ðdesirability€and€feasibility€of€Ô_ÔfocusedÔ_Ô€periodic€reports€in€preparation€of€the€tenth€meeting€ofÐ l'¼"& Ðpersons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies.ÐV(¦#'(#(# ÐÌ21.€€The€chairpersons€again€discussed€the€issue€of€the€review€of€the€situation€in€States€parties,€whoseÐ **z%) Ðreports€are€long€overdue,€in€the€absence€of€a€report€by€that€State€party.€Noting€that€both€theÐ +d&* ÐCommittees€on€Economic,€Social€and€Cultural€Rights€and€on€the€Elimination€of€RacialÐ þ+N'+ ÐDiscrimination€take€this€approach€in€cases€where€reports€are€long€overdue€after€all€alternativeÐ è,8(, Ðapproaches€have€been€exhausted,€the€chairpersons€agreed€that€there€was€a€very€strong€basis€in€lawÐ Ò-")- Ðand€policy€to€support€the€consideration€of€a€State€partyððs€implementation€of€treaties€in€the€absenceÐ ° Ðof€a€report.Ð šê ÐÌ22.€€The€chairpersons€noted€that€it€would€be€ð ðanomalousðð€if€States€could€avoid€scrutiny€by€failingÐ n¾ Ðto€submit€reports€that€they€are€under€a€treaty€obligation€to€produce.€They€considered€that€treatyÐ X¨ Ðbodies€are€clearly€competent€to€review€cases€in€which€a€State€party€has€submitted€an€initial€report,Ð B ’ Ðbut€has€failed€to€supply€periodic€reports.€They€agreed€that€a€conclusion€that€a€treaty€body€isÐ , | Ðpowerless€to€act€in€cases€where€no€report€has€ever€been€submitted,€ð ðwould€vest€unilateral€power€inÐ  f Ðevery€State€party€to€undermine€the€purposes€and€objectivesðð€of€the€relevant€treaty.€The€chairpersonsÐ  P Ðagreed€that,€when€faced€with€persistent€non„reporting€States€parties,€treaty€bodies€should€exploreÐ ê :  Ðevery€alternative,€including€suggesting€advisory€services€and€technical€assistance.€As€a€final€resort,Ð Ô $  Ðhowever,€treaty€bodies€should€be€willing€to€consider€the€situation€in€the€State€party€concerned€on€theÐ ¾  Ðbasis€of€information€provided€by€the€State€party€to€other€international€bodies,€and€taking€into€accountÐ ¨ø  Ðall€other€relevant€information.€Ð ’â  ÐÌà0  àRecommendations:€In€the€light€of€the€fact€that€a€significant€number€of€States€parties€to€theÐ f¶  ÐConvention€have€failed€to€submit€initial€and€periodic€reports,€the€Committee€may€wish€toÐ P  Ðadopt€the€practice,€advocated€by€the€chairpersonsðð€meeting,€of€considering€States€parties€inÐ :Š Ðthe€absence€of€a€report.€The€Committee€may€also€wish€to€consider€the€types€of€informationÐ $t Ðit€would€need€to€have€available€in€order€to€consider€a€State€party€in€the€absence€of€a€report.Ð^(#(# ÐÌ23.€€The€chairpersons€reiterated€their€concern€regarding€the€burden€imposed€by€treaty€reportingÐ â2 Ðobligations€on€low€population€States.€They€requested€the€Office€of€the€High€Commissioner€forÐ Ì ÐHuman€Rights€to€prepare€an€analysis€for€their€tenth€meeting€which€would€(a)€explore€the€differentÐ ¶ Ðapproaches€that€could€be€used€in€defining€ð ðsmall€Statesðð€for€this€purpose,€such€as€using€an€arbitraryÐ  ð Ðcut„off€of€a€population€of€less€than€one€million€or€alternative€approaches;€(b)€facilitate€aÐ ŠÚ Ðdifferentiation€between€small,€but€rich€and€well„Ô_ÔresourcedÔ_Ô€States€and€others;€(c)€suggest€ways€inÐ tÄ Ðwhich€the€reporting€burden€for€such€States€might€be€eased,€such€as€the€preparation€of€a€consolidatedÐ ^® Ðreport,€special€reporting€guidelines,€presentation€of€the€report€to€only€one€treaty€body,€with€othersÐ H˜ Ðexamining€it€òòin€absentiaóó,€video„conferencing€as€a€means€of€presentation,€etc.€Ð 2‚ ÐÌà0  àRecommendation:€The€Committee€may€wish€to€formulate€concrete€proposals€with€respectÐ !V Ðto€the€reporting€obligations€of€low€population€States€parties€which€could€be€discussed€by€theÐ ð!@  Ðchairpersons€at€their€tenth€meeting€in€September€1998.ÐÚ"*!(#(# ÐÌ24.€€The€chairpersons€encouraged€the€developing€practice€of€treaty€bodies€referring€to€the€generalÐ ®$þ# Ðcomments€or€general€recommendations€of€other€treaty€bodies€in€equivalent€statements.€They€tookÐ ˜%è $ Ðnote€of€the€proposal€of€the€Committee€on€the€Elimination€of€Discrimination€against€Women€that€itÐ ‚&Ò!% Ðissue€a€joint€statement,€with€the€Human€Rights€Committee€and€the€Committee€on€Economic,€SocialÐ l'¼"& Ðand€Cultural€Rights,€on€the€indivisibility€and€centrality€of€gender€awareness€in€the€enjoyment€ofÐ V(¦#' Ðrights€as€a€part€of€the€commemoration€of€the€fiftieth€anniversary€of€the€Universal€Declaration€ofÐ @)$( ÐHuman€Rights.€A€draft€statement€has€been€prepared€for€the€Committeeððs€consideration.€TheÐ **z%) ÐCommittee€may€wish€to€request€the€Secretariat€to€forward€the€statement€to€the€chairpersons€of€theÐ +d&* Ðother€treaty€bodies€concerned.Ð þ+N'+ ÐÌà0  àRecommendation:€The€Committee€may€wish€to€adopt€the€practice€in€its€generalÐ Ò-")- Ðrecommendations€of€referring€to€the€general€comments€or€general€recommendations€of€otherÐ ° Ðtreaty€bodies€where€these€are€relevant.Кê(#(# ÐÌVII.€€òòCommission€on€the€Status€of€WomenóóÐ n¾ ÐÌ25.€€At€its€forty„second€session,€the€Commission€on€the€Status€of€Women€formulated€agreedÐ B ’ Ðconclusions€on€the€human€rights€of€women;€violence€against€women;€women€and€armed€conflict;Ð , | Ðand€the€girl€child.€òò12óó/€The€Commission€also€adopted€a€number€of€resolutions.€òò13óó/Ð  f ÐÌ26.€€In€its€agreed€conclusions€on€the€human€rights€of€women,€the€Commission€urged€GovernmentsÐ ê :  Ðto€ratify€and€accede€to€and€ensure€implementation€of€the€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€FormsÐ Ô $  Ðof€Discrimination€against€Women,€so€that€universal€ratification€of€the€Convention€can€be€achievedÐ ¾  Ðby€the€year€2000.€Governments€were€requested€to€limit€the€extent€of€any€reservations€to€theÐ ¨ø  ÐConvention,€formulate€any€reservations€as€precisely€and€as€narrowly€as€possible,€and€ensure€that€noÐ ’â  Ðreservations€are€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Convention€or€otherwiseÐ |Ì  Ðincompatible€with€international€treaty€law€and€regularly€review€them€with€a€view€to€withdrawingÐ f¶  Ðthem.€Ð P  ÐÌ27.€€In€its€resolution€on€violence€against€women€migrant€workers,€òò14óó/€the€Commission€invited€theÐ $t ÐCommittee€to€develop€a€general€recommendation€on€women€and€migration.€In€its€resolution€1998/17Ð ^ Ðon€violence€against€women€migrant€workers,€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€also€encouragedÐ øH Ðthe€Committee€to€consider€developing€a€general€recommendation€on€women€migrant€workers.€Ð â2 ÐÌà0  àRecommendation:€The€Committee€may€wish€to€consider€these€suggestions€in€the€context€ofÐ ¶ Ðits€long„term€programme€relating€to€general€recommendations.Рð(#(# ÐÌ28.€€In€its€draft€resolution€on€follow„up€to€the€Fourth€World€Conference€on€Women€and€fullÐ tÄ Ðimplementation€of€the€Beijing€Declaration€and€Platform€for€Action,€òò15óó/€the€Commission€decided€thatÐ ^® Ða€high„level€plenary€review€should€be€held€as€a€special€session€of€the€General€Assembly€for€five€daysÐ H˜ Ðfrom€5€to€9€June€2000€to€appraise€and€assess€the€progress€achieved€in€the€implementation€of€theÐ 2‚ ÐNairobi€Forward„looking€Strategies€for€the€Advancement€of€Women€and€the€Beijing€Declaration€andÐ  l ÐPlatform€for€Action.€The€preparatory€work€for€this€special€session€will€be€carried€out€by€theÐ !V ÐCommission€at€its€forty„third€and€forty„fourth€sessions€in€1999€and€2000€respectively,€both€of€whichÐ ð!@  Ðwill€be€extended€by€five€days€each.Ð Ú"*! ÐÌ29.€€To€assist€in€its€preparatory€work,€the€Commission€invited€the€Committee€to€provide€informationÐ ®$þ# Ðon€the€implementation€of€the€Platform€for€Action€based€on€its€review€of€reports€of€States€parties€toÐ ˜%è $ Ðthe€Convention€which€would€be€submitted€to€the€Commission€at€its€forty„third€session€in€1999.€Ð ‚&Ò!% ÐÌà0  àRecommendation:€The€Committee€may€wish€to€consider€the€elements€and€structure€of€itsÐ V(¦#' Ðreport€to€the€Commission€and€request€the€Secretariat€to€prepare€a€draft€for€discussion€at€theÐ @)$( Ðtwentieth€session€in€January€1999.Ð**z%)(#(# ÐÌVIII.€€òòCommission€on€Human€RightsóóÐ þ+N'+ ÐÌ30.€€At€its€fifty„fourth€session,€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€adopted€resolution€1998/25€onÐ Ò-")- Ðhuman€rights€and€extreme€poverty€in€which€it€invites€treaty€bodies,€including€the€Committee€on€theÐ ° ÐElimination€of€Discrimination€against€Women,€to€take€into€account€the€question€of€extreme€povertyÐ šê Ðand€human€rights€when€considering€reports€of€States€parties.Ð „Ô ÐÌ31.€€In€its€resolution€1998/27€on€effective€implementation€of€international€instruments€on€humanÐ X¨ Ðrights,€including€reporting€obligations€under€international€instruments€on€human€rights,€theÐ B ’ ÐCommission€on€Human€Rights€reaffirmed€the€importance€of€full€and€effective€implementation€ofÐ , | Ðhuman€rights€instruments€in€the€promotion€of€universal€respect€for€and€observance€of€human€rightsÐ  f Ðand€fundamental€freedoms.€It€welcomed€the€report€of€the€Secretary„General€òò16óó/€containing€aÐ  P Ðsummary€of€comments€and€observations€on€the€report€of€the€independent€expert€on€enhancing€theÐ ê :  Ðlong„term€effectiveness€of€the€United€Nations€human€rights€treaty€system,òò17óó/€which€is€available€toÐ Ô $  ÐCommittee€members€at€the€current€session.€The€Commission€invited€the€Secretary„General€toÐ ¾  Ðcontinue€to€solicit€views€on€the€report€of€the€independent€expert€and€to€submit€a€report€to€theÐ ¨ø  ÐCommission€at€its€fifty„sixth€session.€Ð ’â  ÐÌà0  àRecommendation:€The€Committee€may€wish€to€comment€further€on€the€report€of€theÐ f¶  Ðindependent€expert€on€enhancing€the€long„term€effectiveness€of€the€United€Nations€humanÐ P  Ðrights€treaty€system,€with€a€view€to€having€its€observations€reflected€in€the€report€of€theÐ :Š ÐSecretary„General€to€be€submitted€to€the€Human€Rights€Commission€at€its€fifty„sixth€sessionÐ $t Ðin€2000.Ð^(#(# ÐÌ32.€€In€resolution€1998/27,€the€Commission€also€welcomed€the€recommendation€made€at€the€eighthÐ â2 Ðand€ninth€meetings€of€persons€chairing€the€human€rights€treaty€bodies€that€a€priority€of€the€technicalÐ Ì Ðcooperation€programme€of€the€Office€of€the€High€Commissioner€for€Human€Rights€should€be€toÐ ¶ Ðprovide€assistance€to€States€parties,€upon€their€request,€with€the€implementation€of€their€obligationsÐ  ð Ðunder€United€Nations€human€rights€instruments€and,€in€particular,€the€recommendation€made€at€theÐ ŠÚ Ðninth€meeting€concerning€the€provision€of€assistance€to€States,€upon€their€request,€in€the€process€ofÐ tÄ Ðratifying€such€instruments€and€the€preparation€of€initial€reports.€Human€rights€treaty€bodies€were€alsoÐ ^® Ðencouraged€to€continue€to€identify€specific€possibilities€for€technical€assistance,€to€be€provided€atÐ H˜ Ðthe€request€of€the€State€concerned,€in€the€regular€course€of€their€work€of€reviewing€the€periodicÐ 2‚ Ðreports€of€States€parties.Ð  l ÐÌ33.€€At€its€sixteenth€session,€the€Committee€made€various€suggestions€with€respect€to€technical€andÐ ð!@  Ðadvisory€services,òò18óó/€and€at€its€eighteenth€session€the€Office€of€the€United€Nations€HighÐ Ú"*! ÐCommissioner€for€Human€Rights€provided€a€statement€on€technical€and€advisory€services€of€theÐ Ä#" ÐOffice€and€how€the€Convention€and€the€Committee€could€be€promoted€through€those€services.Ð ®$þ# ÐÌà0  àRecommendation:€The€Committee€may€wish€to€adopt€the€practice€of€the€Committee€on€theÐ ‚&Ò!% ÐRights€of€the€Child€and€the€Human€Rights€Committee€whose€concluding€observationsÐ l'¼"& Ðfrequently€include,€and€make€specific€suggestions€to€the€possibility€of€States€partiesÐ V(¦#' Ðobtaining€technical€assistance€from€the€Office€of€the€United€Nations€High€Commissioner€forÐ @)$( ÐHuman€Rights.€The€Committee€may€be€able€to€identify€areas,€such€as€review€of€reservations,Ð **z%) Ðassistance€with€legislative€review€and€reform€where€the€provision€of€technical€assistanceÐ +d&* Ðcould€contribute€to€the€improvement€of€the€human€rights€of€women€in€the€State€concerned.Ðþ+N'+(#(# ÐÌIX.€€òòReports€to€be€considered€at€the€twentieth,€twenty„first€and€twenty„second€sessionsóóÐ Ò-")- Ї34.€€At€its€seventeenth€session,€the€Committee€adopted€decision€17/II,€in€which€it€decided€that€ð ðtheÐ ° Ðmaximum€number€of€reports€to€be€considered€at€each€session€will€normally€be€eight,€drawn€from€aÐ šê Ðproposed€list€of€up€to€ten€countriesðð.òò19óó/€The€Committee€therefore€proposed€a€list€of€States€partiesÐ „Ô Ðfrom€which€eight€reports€would€be€selected€for€review€at€the€twentieth€session.€The€Committee€mayÐ n¾ Ðwish€to€review€its€proposed€list€for€the€twentieth€session€and,€in€drawing€up€the€list€for€the€twenty„Ð X¨ Ðfirst€and€twenty„second€sessions,€it€may€wish€to€take€account€of€annex€II,€which€indicates€reports€ofÐ B ’ ÐStates€parties€that€are€available,€particularly€those€available€in€the€official€languages.Ð , | ÐÌÌòòNotesóóÐ ê :  ÐÌòò1óó/€€At€its€twelfth€session,€the€Committee€on€the€Elimination€of€Discrimination€against€WomenÐ ¾  Ðdecided€that€the€Secretariat€should€prepare€a€report€on€ways€and€means€of€improving€the€work€of€theÐ ¨ø  ÐCommittee€every€year€(see€òòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Forty„eighth€Session,Ð ’â  ÐSupplement€No.€38óó)€(A/48/38),€para.€632.€Pursuant€to€General€Assembly€resolution€51/68€of€12Ð |Ì  ÐDecember€1996,€in€which€the€Assembly€authorized€the€Committee€to€hold€two€sessions€annually,Ð f¶  Ðthe€Secretariat€has€provided€the€Committee€with€a€report€on€ways€and€means€for€each€session.Ð P  ÐÌòò2óó/€€Ô_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/63/Ô_ÔCRPÔ_Ô.2/Add.2.Ð $t ÐÌòò3óó/€€A/53/38,€part€I€(mimeo).€To€be€issued€as€òòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Fifty„thirdÐ øH ÐSession,€Supplement€No.€38óó€(A/53/38).Ð â2 ÐÌòò4óó/€€The€mandate€of€the€Special€Rapporteur€on€violence€against€women€was€extended€for€a€furtherÐ ¶ Ðthree€years€by€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€in€resolution€1997/44.Ð  ð ÐÌòò5óó/€€E/CN.4/1998/54€and€Add.1.Ð tÄ ÐÌòò6óó/€€òòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Forty„ninth€Session,€Supplement€No.€38óó€(A/49/38),Ð H˜ Ðparas.€812„817.Ð 2‚ ÐÌòò7óó/€€Decision€15/III,€òòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Fifty„first€Session,€Supplement€No.Ð !V Ð38óó€(A/51/38),€I,€A.€p.€1.Ð ð!@  ÐÌòò8óó/€€Report€of€the€ninth€meeting€of€persons€chairing€human€rights€treaty€bodies,€A/53/125,€para.€32.Ð Ä#" ÐÌòò9óó/€€Official€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Fifty„second€Session,€Supplement€No.€10€(A/52/10),Ð ˜%è $ ÐReport€of€the€International€Law€Commission€on€the€Work€of€its€Forty„ninth€Session,€para.€157.Ð ‚&Ò!% ÐÌòò10óó/€€òòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Fiftieth€Session,€Supplement€No.€40óó€(A/40/40),€vol.Ð V(¦#' ÐI,€annex€V,€pp.€124„130.Ð @)$( ÐÌòò11óó/€€Report€of€the€eighth€meeting€of€persons€chairing€human€rights€treaty€bodies,€A/52/507,€annex,Ð +d&* Ðpara.€35.Ð þ+N'+ ÐÌòò12óó/€€Ô_ÔCRPÔ_Ô,€1„4.Ð Ò-")- Їòò13óó/€€E/CN.6/1998/L.3;€L.5;€L.6;€L.7;€L.8;€L.9;€L.10;€L.11.Ð ° ÐÌòò14óó/€€E/CN.6/1998/L.7.Ð „Ô ÐÌòò15óó/€€E/CN.6/1998/L.11.Ð X¨ ÐÌòò16óó/€€E/CN.4/1998/85€and€Add.1.Ð , | ÐÌòò17óó/€€E/CN.4/1997/74.Ð  P ÐÌòò18óó/€€òòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Fifty„second€Session,€Supplement€No.€38óóÐ Ô $  Ð(A/52/38/Rev.1),€part€one,€chap.€Ô_ÔI.BÔ_Ô,€decision€16/I,€p.€1.Ð ¾  ÐÌòò19óó/€€òòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Fifty„second€Session,€Supplement€No.€38óóÐ ’â  Ð(A/52/38/Rev.1),€part€two,€chap.€Ô_ÔI.BÔ_Ô,€p.€71.Ð |Ì  ÐÐ  f¶  ÐòòAnnex€IóóÐ ° ÐÌòòStates€parties€whose€reports€are€more€than€five€years€overdueóó€Ð ˆØ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓState€partyóó€à0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àà0 È(#È(#à€€€€€à0x (# (#à€€€€€€€€€€òòDate€dueóóÐ`°x(#x(# ÐÓíŸÓÌA.€€òòInitial€reportsóóÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌÓ  ÓAngola€........................................................................................................................17€October€1987Ð  ` ÐBenin€................................................................................................................................€11€April€1993Ð ü L  ÐBhutan€.....................................................................................................................€30€September€1982Ð è 8  ÐBrazil€................................................................................................................................2€March€1985Ð Ô$  ÐBurundi€........................................................................................................................7€February€1993Ð À  ÐCape€Verde€................................................................................................................3€September€1982Ð ¬ü  ÐCentral€African€Republic€...................................................................................................€21€July€1992Ð ˜è  ÐCongo€...........................................................................................................................€25€August€1983Ð „Ô  ÐCosta€Rica€............................................................................................................................4€May€1987Ð pÀ ÐDominica€....................................................................................................................3€September€1982Ð \¬ ÐEstonia€.....................................................................................................................€20€November€1992Ð H˜ ÐGrenada€..................................................................................................................€29€September€1991Ð 4„ ÐGuinea€.......................................................................................................................8€September€1983Ð  p ÐGuinea„Bissau€.......................................................................................................€22€September€1986Ð  \ ÐHaiti€...........................................................................................................................3€September€1982Ð øH ÐLao€Peopleððs€Democratic€Republic€.........................................................................€13€September€1982Ð ä4 ÐLatvia€..............................................................................................................................€14€May€1993Ð Ð  ÐLiberia€...........................................................................................................................€16€August€1985Ð ¼  ÐMalta€................................................................................................................................7€April€1992Ð ¨ø ÐNepal€.................................................................................................................................€22€May€1992Ð ”ä ÐSaint€Kitts€and€Nevis€...................................................................................................€25€May€1986Ð €Ð ÐSaint€Lucia€...........................................................................................................7€November€1983Ð l¼ ÐSierra€Leone€...........................................................................................................€11€December€1989Ð X ¨ ÐTogo€............................................................................................................................€26€October€1984Ð D!” ÐTrinidad€and€Tobago€..............................................................................................€11€February€1991Ð 0"€  ÐÌÓD¡ÓB.€€òòSecond€periodic€reportsóóÐ $X" ÐÌÓ  ÓAngola€.........................................................................................................................€17€October€1991Ð à%0!$ ÐBhutan€....................................................................................................................€30€September€1986Ð Ì&"% ÐBrazil€...............................................................................................................................€2€March€1989Ð ¸'#& ÐÓh±ÓÓ  ÓCape€Verde€................................................................................................................3€September€1986Ð ¤(ô#' ÐCongo€...........................................................................................................................€25€August€1987Ð )à$( ÐCosta€Rica€............................................................................................................................4€May€1991Ð |*Ì%) ÐDominica€...................................................................................................................3€September€1986Ð h+¸&* ÐGabon€.........................................................................................................................€20€February€1988Ð T,¤'+ ÐGuinea€.......................................................................................................................8€September€1987Ð @-(, ÐÓs³ÓòòState€partyóó€à0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àà0 È(#È(#à€€€€€à0x (# (#à€€€€€€€€€€òòDate€dueóóаx(#x(# ÐÌÓ  ÓGuinea„Bissau€.........................................................................................................€22€September€1990Ð ˆØ ÐGuyana€......................................................................................................................3€September€1986Ð tÄ ÐHaiti€...........................................................................................................................3€September€1986Ð `° ÐIraq€..........................................................................................................................€12€September€1991Ð L œ ÐLao€Peopleððs€Democratic€Republic€........................................................................€13€September€1986Ð 8 ˆ ÐLiberia€.........................................................................................................................€16€August€1989Ð $ t ÐMalawi€............................................................................................................................€11€April€1992Ð  ` ÐMali€...........................................................................................................................€10€October€1990Ð ü L  ÐSaint€Kitts€and€Nevis€.......................................................................................................€25€May€1990Ð è 8  ÐSaint€Lucia€............................................................................................................7€November€1987Ð Ô$  ÐTogo€..........................................................................................................................€26€October€1988Ð À  ÐViet€Nam€.......................................................................................................................€19€March€1987Ð ¬ü  ÐÓr¸ÓÌC.€€òòThird€periodic€reportsóóÐ „Ô  ÐÌÓ  ÓBhutan€...................................................................................................................€30€September€1990Ð \¬ ÐBrazil€................................................................................................................................2€March€1993Ð H˜ ÐCape€Verde€.................................................................................................................3€September€1990Ð 4„ ÐCongo€..........................................................................................................................€25€August€1991Ð  p ÐDominica€...................................................................................................................3€September€1990Ð  \ ÐEl€Salvador€.............................................................................................................€18€September€1990Ð øH ÐFrance€.........................................................................................................................€13€January€1993Ð ä4 ÐGabon€.....................................................................................................................€20€February€1992Ð Ð  ÐGuatemala€...............................................................................................................€11€September€1991Ð ¼  ÐGuinea€.......................................................................................................................8€September€1991Ð ¨ø ÐGuyana€.......................................................................................................................3€September€1990Ð ”ä ÐHaiti€...........................................................................................................................3€September€1990Ð €Ð ÐKenya€..................................................................................................................................8€April€1993Ð l¼ ÐLao€Peopleððs€Democratic€Republic€........................................................................€13€September€1990Ð X ¨ ÐMongolia€....................................................................................................................3€September€1990Ð D!” ÐSaint€Lucia€..................................................................................................................7€November€1991Ð 0"€  ÐSri€Lanka€...................................................................................................................4€November€1990Ð #l! ÐTogo€...........................................................................................................................€26€October€1992Ð $X" ÐViet€Nam€.......................................................................................................................€19€March€1991Ð ô$D # ÐYugoslavia€.....................................................................................................................€28€March€1991Ð à%0!$ ÐÓUÀÓÌÌÐ  ¤(ô#' ÐòòAnnex€IIóóÐ ° ÐÌòòStates€parties€whose€reports€have€been€submitted€but€have€not€yet€been€considered€by€the€CommitteeóóÐ ˆØ ÐÌÌÔ*’ƒ(Y+ddd Xdd Xdd X°(#°(#’ÔÔ,ždd ÔÔ,ždd ÔÔ,ždd ÔÔ,ždd ÔÔ+  ÔÐ L œL œ ÐòòState€partyóóÐ  °  ÐòòDate€dueóóÐ  °  ÐDate€receivedÐ  °  ÐDocument€symbolÐ  °   Ðò òA.€€òòInitial€reportsó óóóÐ  0 €  ÐÐ  0 €  ÐÐ  0 €  ÐÐ  0 €  „„ÐBelize€òòaóó/€òòcóó/Ð J@°  àZà@33495„„‰àZà@‰JÐ15€September€1991Ð lb4°  àZà@33495 àZà@ À?á@35326„„‰À?á@‰lÐ19€September€1996Ð I?4°  À?á@35326 À?á@ „„IÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔBLZÔ_Ô/1„2Ð '°  „„'ÐDemocratic€RepublicÐ 0€  Ðof€the€Congo€òòaóó/€òòbóó/Ð J@l  Xß@32096„„‰Xß@‰JÐ16€November€1987Ð lb40€  Xß@32096 Xß@  Ëà@34393„„‰ Ëà@‰lÐ1€March€1994Ð I?40€   Ëà@34393  Ëà@ „„IÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔZARÔ_Ô/1Ð '0€  „„'ÐGeorgiaÐ J@œì  À£Þ@31375„„‰À£Þ@‰JÐ25€November€1985Ð lb4œì  À£Þ@31375 À£Þ@ À‚á@35862„„‰À‚á@‰lÐ9€March€1998Ð I?4œì  À‚á@35862 À‚á@ „„IÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/GEO/1Ð 'œì  „„'ÐJordanÐ J@l  €°à@34180„„‰€°à@‰JÐ31€July€1993Ð lb4l  €°à@34180 €°à@  rá@35729„„‰ rá@‰lÐ27€October€1997Ð I?4l   rá@35729  rá@ „„IÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔJORÔ_Ô/1Ð 'l  „„'ÐLiechtenstein€òòcóó/Ð J@œì @Oá@35450„„‰@Oá@‰JÐ21€January€1997Ð lb4œì  @Oá@35450 @Oá@  gá@35645„„‰ gá@‰lÐ4€August€1997Ð I?4œì!  gá@35645  gá@ „„IÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/LIE/1Ð 'œì" „„'Ðò òB.€€òòSecond€periodicÐ l# ÐReportsó óóóÐ 'X$ „„'ÐÐ 'l% „„'ÐÐ 'l& „„'ÐÐ 8.l' ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹8ÐBelize€òòaóó/€òòcóó/Ð E;'E•( „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ15€June€1995ˆÐ E;'E•)U „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ19€June€1996Ð E;'E•* „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔBLZÔ_Ô/1„2Ð SI-E•+ !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐBurkina€FasoÐ E;'sÃ, „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ13€November€1992ˆÐ E;'sÃ-U „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ11€December€1997Ð E;'sÃ. „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/BFA/2„3Ð SI-sÃ/ !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐChile€òòaóó/€òòcóó/Ð E;'¡ñ0 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ6€January€1995Ð E;'¡ñ1 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ9€March€1995Ð E;'¡ñ2 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/CHI/2Ð SI-¡ñ3 !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐDemocratic€RepublicÐ Ï4 Ðof€the€Congo€òòaóó/€òòbóó/Ð E;'» 5 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ16€November€1991Ð E;'Ï6 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ24€October€1996Ð E;'Ï7 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔZARÔ_Ô/2Ð SI-Ï8 !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐEquatorial€Guinea€òòaóó/Ð E;'é99 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ22€November€1989Ð E;'é9: „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ6€January€1994Ð E;'é9; „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔGNQÔ_Ô/2„3Ð SI-é9< !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐGermanyÐ E;'g= „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ9€August€1990Ð E;'g> „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ8€October€1996Ð E;'g? „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/DEU/2„3Ð SI-g@ !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐGreeceÐ E;'E•A „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ7€July€1988Ð E;'E•B „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ1€March€1996Ð E;'E•C „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔGRCÔ_Ô/2„3Ð SI-E•D !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐIrelandÐ E;'s ÃE „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ22€January€1991Ð E;'s ÃF „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ6€February€1997Ð E;'s ÃG „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/IRL/2„3Ð SI-s ÃH !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐJamaicaÐ E;'¡!ñI „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ18€November€1989Ð E;'¡!ñJ „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ17€February€1998Ð E;'¡!ñK „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/JAM/2„4Ð SI-¡!ñL !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐThailand€òòcóó/Ð E;'Ï"M „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ8€September€1990Ð E;'Ï"N „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ3€March€1997Ð E;'Ï"O „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔTHAÔ_Ô/2„3Ð SI-Ï"P !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐUruguayÐ E;'ý#MQ „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ8€November€1986Ð E;'ý#MR „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ3€February€1998Ð E;'ý#MS „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔURYÔ_Ô/2„3Ð B8-ý#MT !!  „„BÐò òC.€€òòThird€periodicÐ n%¾ U Ðreportsóóó óÐ 'Z&ª!V „„'ÐÐ 'n%¾ W „„'ÐÐ 'n%¾ X „„'ÐÐ 8.n%¾ Y ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹8ÐAustria€òòcóó/Ð E;'—'ç"Z „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ30€April€1991Ð E;'—'ç"[ „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ25€April€1997Ð E;'—'ç"\ „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔAUTÔ_Ô/3„4Ð SI-—'ç"] !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐBelarus€òòcóó/Ð E;'Å($^ „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ3€September€1990Ð E;'Å($_ „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ1€July€1993Ð E;'Å($` „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔBLRÔ_Ô/3Ð SI-Å($a !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐBurkina€FasoÐ E;'ó)C%b „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ13€November€1996Ð E;'ó)C%c „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ11€December€1997Ð E;'ó)C%d „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/BFA/2„3Ð SI-ó)C%e !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐChina€òòcóó/Ð E;'!+q&f „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ3€September€1990Ð E;'!+q&g „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ29€May€1997Ð E;'!+q&h „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔCHNÔ_Ô/3„4Ð SI-!+q&i !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐEgyptÐ E;'O,Ÿ'j „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ18€October€1990Ð E;'O,Ÿ'k „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ30€January€1996Ð E;'O,Ÿ'l „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔEGYÔ_Ô/3Ð SI-O,Ÿ'm !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐEquatorial€Guinea€òòaóó/Ð E;'}-Í(n „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ22€November€1993Ð E;'}-Í(o „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ6€January€1994Ð E;'}-Í(p „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔGNQÔ_Ô/2„3Ð SI-}-Í(q !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐFinlandÐ E;'Ñ! „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ4€October€1995Ð E;'Ñ! „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ28€January€1997Ð E;'Ñ! „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/FIN/3Ð SI-Ñ! !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐGermanyÐ E;'ÿO „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ9€August€1994Ð E;'ÿO „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ8€October€1996Ð E;'ÿO „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/DEU/2„3Ð SI-ÿO !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐGreeceà0 Ä àÐ OE1-} Ä ê Ä ê  „„ˆˆ‹‹OÐ7€July€1992Ð E;'-}  „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ1€March€1996Ð E;'-}  „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔGRCÔ_Ô/2„3Ð SI--}  !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐIrelandÐ E;'[«  „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ22€January€1995Ð E;'[« „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ7€August€1997Ð E;'[« „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/IRL/2„3Ð SI-[« !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐJamaicaÐ E;'‰ Ù „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ18€November€1993Ð E;'‰ Ù „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ17€February€1998Ð E;'‰ Ù „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/JAM/2„4Ð SI-‰ Ù !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐLuxembourgÐ E;'·  „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ4€March€1998Ð E;'·  „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ12€March€1998Ð E;'·  „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/LUX/3Ð SI-·  !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐSpain€òòcóó/Ð E;'å 5 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ4€February€1993Ð E;'å 5 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ20€May€1996Ð E;'å 5 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/ESP/3Ð SI-å 5 !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐThailand€òòcóó/Ð E;' c „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ8€September€1994Ð E;' c „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ3€March€1997Ð E;' c „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔTHAÔ_Ô/2„3Ð SI- c  !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐUnited€Kingdom€ofÐ A‘ ! ÐGreat€Britain€andÐ -} " ÐNorthern€Ireland€òòaóó/€òòcóó/Ð E;'i # „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ7€May€1995Ð E;'A‘ $ „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ16€August€1995Ð A‘ % Ð8€August€1997Ð E;'-} & „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/UK/3Ð A‘ ' ÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/UK/3/AdÐ -} ( Ðd.1Ð SI-i ) !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐUruguayÐ E;'G— * „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ8€November€1990Ð E;'G— + „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ3€February€1998Ð E;'G— , „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔURYÔ_Ô/2„3Ð SI-G— - !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐò òD.€€òòFourth€periodicÐ uÅ . Ðreportsó óóóÐ E;'a±/ „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÐ E;'uÅ 0 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÐ E;'uÅ 1 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÐ SI-uÅ 2 !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐAustria€òòcóó/Ð E;'ß3 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ30€April€1995Ð E;'ß4 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ25€April€1997Ð E;'ß5 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔAUTÔ_Ô/3„4Ð SI-ß6 !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐChina€òòcóó/Ð E;'½ 7 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ3€September€1994Ð E;'½ 8 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ29€May€1997Ð E;'½ 9 „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔCHNÔ_Ô/3„4Ð SI-½ : !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐColombia€òòcóó/Ð E;'ë;; „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ18€February€1995Ð E;'ë;< „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ8€July€1997Ð E;'ë;= „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/COL/4Ð SI-ë;> !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐDenmarkÐ E;'i? „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ21€May€1996Ð E;'i@ „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ9€January€1997Ð E;'iA „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/DEN/4Ð SI-iB !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐJamaicaÐ E;'G—C „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ18€November€1997Ð E;'G—D „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ17€February€1998Ð E;'G—E „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/JAM/2„4Ð SI-G—F !!  ‚!‚ƒ!ƒ„„ˆˆ‹‹SÐSwedenÐ E;'uÅG „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ3€September€1994Ð E;'uÅH „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐ21€May€1996Ð E;'uÅI „„ˆˆ‹‹EÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔSWEÔ_Ô/4Ð=31uÅJ !! *  =ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ____________________Ð ¦%ö U Ðòòà  àaóó/€€Reports€that€have€been€translated,€reproduced€and€made€available€in€all€official€languages.Ð ’&â!V ÐÌòòà  àbóó/€By€a€communication€dated€20€May€1997,€the€Secretariat€was€informed€by€the€MemberÐ j(º#X ÐState€formerly€known€as€Zaire€that€the€name€of€the€State€had€been€changed€to€the€DemocraticÐ V)¦$Y ÐRepublic€of€the€Congo.Ð B*’%Z ÐÌòòà  àcóó/€€To€be€considered€by€the€Committee€at€its€twentieth€session,€to€be€held€in€New€York€inÐ ,j'\ ÐJanuary€1999.Ð -V(] ÐÐ  ò-B)^ ÐòòAnnex€IIIóóÐ ° ÐÌòòProposed€procedures€and€format€for€the€elaboration€of€concluding€commentsóóÐ ˆØ ÐÌ1.€€The€Committee€designates€from€among€its€members€a€country€rapporteur€for€the€report€of€eachÐ `° ÐState€party.Ð L œ ÐÌ2.€€The€country€rapporteur€seeks€additional€information€about€the€State€party€under€review.€TheÐ $ t Ðfindings€of€the€country€rapporteur€are€presented€as€a€briefing€on€the€report€at€a€closed€meeting€beforeÐ  ` Ðthe€State€partyððs€presentation.€In€the€case€of€periodic€reports,€the€rapporteurððs€report€is€sent€inÐ ü L  Ðadvance€to€the€pre„session€working€group.€òòaóó/Ð è 8  ÐÌ3.€€The€Committee€holds€a€closed€meeting€after€the€constructive€dialogue€to€consider€the€main€issuesÐ À  Ðand€trends€to€be€reflected€in€the€concluding€comments€relating€to€the€report€of€the€State€party.Ð ¬ü  ÐConcluding€comments€drafted€thereafter€reflect€only€the€views€expressed€at€the€meetings€duringÐ ˜è  Ðwhich€the€report€is€presented,€and€not€the€views€of€the€individual€country€rapporteurs.Ð „Ô  ÐÌ4.€€The€expert€nominated€as€the€country€rapporteur€drafts€the€concluding€comments€in€closeÐ \¬ Ðcollaboration€with€the€general€rapporteur€of€the€Committee€and€with€the€support€of€the€Secretariat.Ð H˜ ÐÌ5.€€Concluding€comments€usually€follow€a€standard€format€under€the€following€five€headings:Ð  p ÐIntroduction;€positive€aspects;€factors€and€difficulties€affecting€the€implementation€of€theÐ  \ ÐConvention;€principal€areas€of€concern;€suggestions€and€recommendations.€òòbóó/Ð øH ÐÌ6.€€The€introduction€contains€comments€on€whether€the€report€has€followed€the€CommitteeððsÐ Ð  Ðguidelines€for€the€preparation€of€initial€and€periodic€reports;€whether€or€not€it€was€sufficient;€whetherÐ ¼  Ðit€incorporated€or€referred€to€statistical€information€Ô_ÔdisaggregatedÔ_Ô€by€sex;€and€on€the€nature€andÐ ¨ø Ðrelevance€of€the€oral€presentation.€An€objective€indication€of€the€strengths€of€the€report€and€theÐ ”ä Ðstrength€of€the€delegation€is€generally€included.Ð €Ð ÐÌ7.€€The€section€entitled€ð ðPositive€aspectsðð€is€organized€in€the€order€of€the€articles€of€the€Convention.Ð X ¨ ÐÌ8.€€The€ð ðFactors€and€difficultiesðð€section€describes€the€major€reasons€why€the€Convention€on€theÐ 0"€  ÐElimination€of€All€Forms€of€Discrimination€against€Women€has€not€been€implemented€fully€by€theÐ #l! ÐState€party.€Overarching€factors,€such€as€the€impact€of€economic€factors,€including€structuralÐ $X" Ðadjustment,€and€political€factors,€such€as€transition€and€new€forms€of€governance€on€women€in€theÐ ô$D # ÐState€party€under€review€are€addressed€in€this€section.€Any€reservations€to€the€Convention€are€alsoÐ à%0!$ Ðaddressed€in€this€section,€òòcóó/€as€well€as€the€question€of€whether€the€Convention€is€self„executing€andÐ Ì&"% Ðwhether€legislation€has€been€put€in€place€to€give€effect€to€the€Convention.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌ9.€€The€section€on€ð ðPrincipal€areas€of€concernðð€is€organized€in€the€order€of€importance€of€theÐ )à$( Ðparticular€issues€to€the€country€under€review.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌ10.€€The€ð ðRecommendations€and€suggestionsðð€section€provides€concrete€proposals€from€theÐ T,¤'+ ÐCommittee€on€the€problems€identified€in€the€rest€of€the€comments.Ð @-(, Ї11.€€The€concluding€comments€include€reference€to€any€commitments€of€the€State€party€made€at€theÐ ° ÐFourth€World€Conference€on€Women€(4„15€September€1995).Ð œì ÐÌ12.€€Concluding€comments€close€with€a€recommendation€relating€to€dissemination,€requesting€theÐ tÄ Ðwide€dissemination€of€the€concluding€comments€in€the€State€party€concerned,€in€order€to€make€theÐ `° Ðpeople€in€the€State€party,€and€particularly€its€government€administrators€and€politicians€aware€of€theÐ L œ Ðsteps€that€have€been€taken€to€ensure€de€facto€equality€for€women€and€the€further€steps€required€in€thatÐ 8 ˆ Ðregard.€It€also€requests€the€State€party€to€continue€to€disseminate€widely,€and€in€particular€toÐ $ t Ðwomenððs€and€human€rights€organizations,€the€Convention,€the€Committeeððs€generalÐ  ` Ðrecommendations,€and€the€Beijing€Declaration€and€Platform€for€Action.€Ð ü L  ÐÌ13.€€Each€concluding€comment€is€internally€balanced,€with€the€ð ðFactors€and€difficultiesðð€andÐ Ô$  Ðð ðPrincipal€areas€of€concernðð€mirrored€by€specific€suggestions€and€recommendations.€The€CommitteeÐ À  Ðalso€strives€to€achieve€consistence€and€balance,€particularly€in€terms€of€praise€and€expressions€ofÐ ¬ü  Ðconcern,€among€the€concluding€comments€elaborated€at€each€session.€Accordingly,€the€CommitteeÐ ˜è  Ðconsiders€concluding€comments€comparatively€in€an€effort€to€ensure€that€they€are€even.Ð „Ô  ÐÌÌ__________________Ð H˜ ÐòòNotesóóÐ 4„ ÐÌòòaóó/€€òòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Fifty„second€Session,€Supplement€No.€38óóÐ  \ Ð(A/52/38/Rev.1),€Part€II,€para.€469.Ð øH ÐÌòòbóó/€€òòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Fifty„second€Session,€Supplement€No.€38óóÐ Ð  Ð(A/52/38/Rev.1),€Part€II,€para.€471.€Note,€this€overtakes€decision€16/I€where€the€pattern€agreed€wasÐ ¼  ÐIntroduction;€factors€and€difficulties€affecting€the€implementation€of€the€Convention;€positiveÐ ¨ø Ðaspects;€principal€areas€of€concern;€suggestions€and€recommendations:€òòOfficial€Records€of€theÐ ”ä ÐGeneral€Assembly,€Fifty„second€Session,€Supplement€No.€38óó€(A/52/38/Rev.1),€Part€I,€A,€16/I.Ð €Ð ÐÌòòcóó/€€At€its€thirteenth€session,€the€Committee€agreed€that€for€those€States€parties€that€have€enteredÐ X ¨ Ðsubstantive€reservations€to€the€Convention,€it€would€include€in€the€concluding€comments€it€preparesÐ D!” Ðfollowing€the€review€of€their€reports€a€section€in€which€the€Committeeððs€views€on€reservations€wouldÐ 0"€  Ðbe€reflected:€òòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Forty„ninth€Session,€Supplement€No.€38óóÐ #l! Ð(A/49/38),€Chapter€I,€C,€para.€10.Ð $X" Ð