ÿWPC¦Ö ‹¾T’À¶¥ØA.Z5E2Õ|’µcºU/Ǫ́zòbµ”o ›°´šDã†CÖ“Ò¡±×B£è‹”Ö7¦åWÊwF”³‡»‡?†X‘ºý½U_f&Ü®Q-nÏ.l;óNÜNf“a\ ‚s{»|¾|—|a¹åHÝ}tÕ7¶\“¡ÁA¢…¶8ðÎ,8Nð7t¨ìØ=ž4ýs„»O~Ǭåqž¸3ݦb‚Ç`zÿt—0hFD,1ʯ:X d±¿¯d¦D>õk¹ÏßJvk4hoÁ¡­¡ ¬|>êVÜ×ߪN¸6Üâj $ƒšÊ4æßoaº‘ÊFsrDœ‚}»ëÒAÊ;y;¡±pô´u^7‡2Öyãrœ‘ó®ÄóÝ {BØ• #,­rÔ$BÉ$JÏgËEmY Ó¾ì¿$‘-5öñ¶šH£JžÖeW·¾½E#ÞœÏ&pĪ`îz'T!¯ÏߢF ×!Û;'\zì4¾4W¿ñÙå4—ÀôNo«ãúº±x—7Fù¾ë­ÏIâé¤Ýf6#±×ý%€¦¾?ÍD‚}¦M6pññ Ö ç4ŒÕ’¶³äb<àšéØMŒÕŒa‡-L¦|ŒÉÛøU,.nY¾ %! 1]!ìz! 0 f$ 1mp&Ý&wô&Vk) 0\Á+¤/ 0\Á1c5 0\€7UHÜ:E$;Æ&; 0\ì; 0CH? D+‹? AM¶?î@ 0\ñAU6MEU2ƒEoJµE@ ̹쥒¼’L”d”H{”Ô Û”"æ–f—a — B— B;— BX— Bu— B’— B¯— BÌ— Bé— B˜ B#˜ B@˜ B]˜ Bz˜ B—˜ B´˜ìјf½™a¿™ BÓ™ Bð™ B š B*š BGš Bdš Bš Bžš B»š BØš Bõš B› B/› BL› Bi›f†›aˆ› Bœ› B¹› BÖ› Bó› Bœ B-œ BJœ Bgœ B„œ B¡œ B¾œ BÛœ Bøœ B B2fOaQ Be B‚ BŸ B¼ BÙ Bö Bž B0ž BMž Bjž B‡ž B¤ž BÁž BÞž BûžfŸaŸ B.Ÿ BKŸ BhŸ B…Ÿ B¢Ÿ B¿Ÿ BÜŸ BùŸ B  B3  BP  Bm  BŠ  B§  BÄ fá aã  B÷  B¡ B1¡ BN¡ Bk¡ Bˆ¡ B¥¡ B¡ Bß¡ Bü¡ B¢ B6¢ BS¢ Bp¢ B¢fª¢a¬¢ BÀ¢ BÝ¢ Bú¢ B£ B4£ BQ£ Bn£ B‹£ B¨£ BÅ£ B⣠Bÿ£ B¤ B9¤ BV¤fs¤au¤ B‰¤ B¦¤ Bä BठBý¤ B¥f7¥a9¥ BM¥ Bj¥ B‡¥ B¤¥ BÁ¥ BÞ¥ Bû¥ B¦ B5¦ BR¦ Bo¦ BŒ¦ B©¦ BƦ B㦠B§ B§ B:§fW§aY§ Bm§ BЧ B§§ Bħ Bá§ Bþ§ B¨ B8¨ BU¨ Br¨ B¨ B¬¨ Bɨ Bæ¨ B© B © B=© BZ© Bw© B”©f±©a³© BÇ© Bä© Bª Bª B;ª BXª Buª B’ªf¯ªa±ª BŪ B⪠Bÿª B« B9« BV« Bs« B« B­«ìÊ«f¶¬a¸¬ B̬ Bé¬ B­ B#­ B@­ B]­ Bz­ B—­ B´­ BÑ­ Bî­" ®-® BB® B_® B|® B™® B¶® BÓ® Bð®f ¯a¯ B#¯ B@¯ B]¯ Bz¯ B—¯ B´¯ Bѯ Bî¯ B ° B(° BE° Bb°f°a° B•° B²° Bϰ Bì° B ± B&± BC± B`± B}± Bš± B·± BÔ±fñ±aó± B² B$² BA² B^² B{² B˜² Bµ² BÒ² Bï² B ³ B)³ BF³fc³ae³ By³ B–³ B³³ Bг Bí³ B ´ B'´ BD´ Ba´ B~´ B›´ B¸´fÕ´a×´ Bë´ Bµ B%µ BBµ B_µ B|µ B™µ B¶µ BÓµfðµaòµ B¶ B#¶ B@¶ B]¶ Bz¶ B—¶ B´¶ BѶ Bî¶f ·a · B!· B>· B[· Bx· B•· B²· BÏ· Bì· B ¸ B&¸ BC¸ B`¸ B}¸ Bš¸ B·¸ BÔ¸ Bñ¸ B¹f+¹a-¹ BA¹ B^¹ B{¹ B˜¹ Bµ¹ BÒ¹ Bï¹ B º B)º BFº Bcº B€º Bº Bºº B׺"ôº» B+» BH» Be» B‚» BŸ» B¼» BÙ»fö»aø» B ¼ B)¼ BF¼ Bc¼ B€¼ B¼ Bº¼ B×¼ Bô¼ B½ B.½ BK½fh½aj½ B~½ B›½ B¸½ BÕ½ Bò½ B¾ B,¾ BI¾ Bf¾ Bƒ¾ B ¾ B½¾ BÚ¾ B÷¾ B¿ B1¿ BN¿ Bk¿ Bˆ¿ B¥¿ B¿ Bß¿fü¿aþ¿ BÀ B/À BLÀ BiÀ B†À B£À BÀÀ BÝÀ BúÀ BÁ B4Á BQÁ BnÁ B‹Á B¨ÁfÅÁaÇÁ BÛÁ BøÁ B B2 BO Bl B‰Â B¦Â BàBà Bý BÃf7Ãa9à BMà Bjà B‡Ã B¤Ã BÁà BÞà Bûà BÄ B5Ä BRÄ BoÄ BŒÄ B©Ä BÆÄ BãÄfÅaÅ BÅ B5Å BRÅ BoÅ BŒÅ B©Å BÆÅ BãÅ BÆ BÆ B:ÆfWÆaYÆ BoÆ BŒÆ B©Æ BÆÆ BãÆ BÇ BÇ B:Ç BWÇ BtÇ B‘Ç B®Ç 0ËËÇ 0Ë–ËaÏ 0 AqÏ B²Ò#ÉÏÒ(˜Õ 1uÀÕ 725ÖNgÖ^ iÖwuÖ4yÖÖ mÖ<þ6X9`(Courier«<þ6X9`(Courierô¡dþ6X@ɹ`7ûô@‚jä†`$0Code 3 of 9 4.6cpiBCXXjä†@Ó(7X@,ÀAUniversBoldcpiBCèèÒÀps•7ûè.ä2AArialBoldcpiBC££ä2p±PÐG;£,ÀAUniversBoldcpiBC//«Àps•7û/ô$ÿÿ35;AGMSY[11.1.1.1.1.1.' É "9831798E 2  0$.CEDAW/C/KGZ/1$FINAL - 76 pp (DONE EXTERNALLY4Öÿÿ2EngcodesÔ UK ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÑ X ÑÑ À ÑÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓ…+ÓÒ 8 ÒÒ 8 ÒÔ€ôôôÔÔC€<þ6X9`(CourierCÔÓ(€  $(ÓØØÓ882^ ÓÓ(€  $(ÓØØ$ÿÿ35;CKQYag21.(a)(i)a.(1)(a)i)a)  mÔ_Ô<<Ô_ÔODSÔ_Ô€JOB€NO>>Ô_ÔN9831798EÔ_Ô<<Ô_ÔODSÔ_Ô€JOB€NO>>Ð  Ð<<Ô_ÔODSÔ_Ô€DOC€Ô_ÔSYMBOL1Ô_Ô>>Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔKGZÔ_Ô/1<<Ô_ÔODSÔ_Ô€DOC€Ô_ÔSYMBOL1Ô_Ô>>Ð ¦¦ Ð<<Ô_ÔODSÔ_Ô€DOC€Ô_ÔSYMBOL2Ô_Ô>><<Ô_ÔODSÔ_Ô€DOC€Ô_ÔSYMBOL2Ô_Ô>>Ð LL Ð LÝ ƒ ™ª'ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒÔ€ô½òòôÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ4$ÓØ/ /ØÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔKGZÔ_Ô/1Ð X ÐEnglishÐ Â ÐPage€Ú  Ú1Ú  ÚÐ Ü„ Ð(42™ª$§§Ý ƒì³Š!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRXì3Ø'Xà3Ø' Letter3Ø'Avery 8463 Ink Jet ShippiÀ ÑÓ  Óÿ3Ø'LetterTÑÑX°ÑÑÀ°ÑÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒÔ€ô½òòôÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÑ fXÑÑ fXÑÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ43ðÓØ/ /ØÝ  Ý šÝ ƒ ™ª(ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒÔ€ô½òòôÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ4$ÓØ/ /ØÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ$ÿÿœ882^ö$Óà œ à€€Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔKGZÔ_Ô/1Ð X Ðà œ à€€EnglishÐ Â Ðà œ à€€Page€Ú  Ú1Ú  ÚÐ Ü„ Ð(42™ª$¨¨Ý ƒì³Š!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRXì3Ø'Xà3Ø' Letter3Ø'Avery 8463 Ink Jet ShippiÀ ÑÓ  Óÿ3Ø'LetterTÑÑX°ÑÑÀ°ÑÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒÔ€ô½òòôÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÑ fXÑÑ fXÑÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ43ðÓØ/ /ØÝ  Ý YÝ ƒ™ª*ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒÔ€ô½òòôÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ4$ÓØ/ /ØÝ  ÝÔ_Ô98„31798€(E)à€""f #à/...ˆÐ X ÐÔ€XÉ­Xòô½ÔÔ€XmXXXÉ­Ô*9831798*Ô€ô™àòXXmÔÔ€ô½òòô™àÔ(42™ª$ªªÝ ƒì³Š!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRXì3Ø'Xà3Ø' Letter3Ø'Avery 8463 Ink Jet ShippiÀ ÑÓ  Óÿ3Ø'LetterTÑÑX°ÑÑÀ°ÑÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒÔ€ô½òòôÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÑ fXÑÑ fXÑÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ43ðÓØ/ /ØÝ  Ý‚jä†`$0Code 3 of 9 4.6cpiBC„ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(42™ª$££Ý ƒì³Š!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRXì3Ø'Xà3Ø' Letter3Ø'Avery 8463 Ink Jet ShippiÀ ÑÓ  Óÿ3Ø'LetterTÑÑX°ÑÑÀ°ÑÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒÔ€ô½òòôÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÑ fXÑÑ fXÑÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ43ðÓØ/ /ØÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$••ò òÚ  ÚÚ  Úó ó'dxdAýÿ<< cÿÿ äÝ ƒ™ª"ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÔ€ô½òòôÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ4$ÓØ/ /ØÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€èiçòô½ÔÔ€è‚ßççèiÔÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô€(42™ª$¢¢Ý ƒì³Š!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRXì3Ø'Xà3Ø' Letter3Ø'Avery 8463 Ink Jet ShippiÀ ÑÓ  Óÿ3Ø'LetterTÑÑX°ÑÑÀ°ÑÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒÔ€ô½òòôÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÑ fXÑÑ fXÑÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ43ðÓØ/ /ØÝ  Ý,ÀAUniversBold.ä2AArialBoldÿWPC°°÷ž÷ž951ÿÿÿ33ÿÿÿÿ¼`îv„’  0¯?½NÌ\Ûjëxú… ‘,¨<²N¼_ÆqÎǾ ¶°®¾¤Ì™ÛŽé„öxl`R,E;8H+U\bhpž+9€HrUbaSmDy5…%™¤ö®æ·ÕÁÄɳÓ¡Û­ÞºàÆáÔáààìÞùÛÖ ÓÐÍÊÇ%Ã*Á/½A°S£f–zŠ~¦s¼iÔaëZTP6NOOhQVš^¯gÃoÕyç‚øŽ š©(¸*¼,¾.Á/òù¥ÞÁ—£”†–h™Jž+¥ ®ï¸ÒôΗÚ|æ`ñZòTôMöG÷Aø;ù5ú/üþÿÿçÿÏÿ·ý øˆóqìbñRôBø3ú#üýþóþÛýÃú«÷”ò|ìfäOÜ9Ó%ɾû¶å¬Î¥¸ž¡—Š’rŽ[C,Ž’ÿ˜é Ô«Ë¯Ä²½¶¶»º´¿¬Å¦ÌŸÔ™Ü“âŽéŠò„ú~x si.a>[RUePxL‹JžI²IÆJÙLìPTZ$a6iFpWyg‚v…˜”¤¤¯²ºÂÄÓÍäÕôÛàá/áEÞEÞEÜEÜEÛ3Ó"ʸñ¯á¥ÒšÃ´…¤z”n…auTfEV7F'K"QW]ci pvÿ` Á0Á@ÂOÂ_ÃnÆ~ÇŽÉ̪ϸÒÅÕÑÙÞÜëàøäçëí+ñ8óDöQø]újülülülüjýQ9" ø"ä.Ñ;¿J¬Y›i‰xw‰fšT«B¼/Ì%ÕÝä ìóùúïæóóÿÞ Ê´Ÿ*‰5tA`IVSK\Ag9r0}(ˆ"’›£­¶¿ È ÒÚÚÜÜÜÐĸ¬ž ’ † znbVJ=1%óÞË·!¤#'},j2X8F@5H$S^kùzbL(6<"Sjÿð˜ä§ܸÖÉÐÛÍìÈþÆà Áÿø`}šȰÈÄÉÙÌíÏÓÙ)ß;æMî_øp’ (®5½EÃMÊTÏ]ÕdÚlÞuã}è‡ØvÈh¶Z¤PF{>d6L08-#*(ü&ç#Ó"¾ ª–mZE1  4J!^*p8‚E’V i¨u¯‚¶½œÄ¬Ì¼ÓÊÚÚáèêöòüîáÔõÈì»à¯Õ¢É–¾†®vžgŽW~Hp8b'SF9ô.â#κ¦ xxxxxÿ‚þŒý–ü¡úªø´÷¿ôÈòÖîãìðèýå áÞ%Û2Ø?ÕLÒZÏfÍsÌ€ÊÉšÈÿX`UD/F/F/F/G/;:0E%Q^jw„ú“çÄÕõÂ$®S™ªeÑEõVÀcŠnSxˆèž¸½ŽèkèkékéjéjéiéiéièhØoÊx½‚®¡˜”¢†¬w´cÀNË:Õ$àêùõåÏ ¼©%–4…DuUggZ|O’TzZdbNl:v%Žœï¯×ÃÀÙ­ñœ "~<tXit_W­PËHéB;&5D/ÿx`M5Y5e5p5|5ˆ5”6 6¬8¸9Ä:Ð;Ý<é?õ@B E6N^Z„f©v͆ð™¬2ÂQ×oðŒ ¨$ÂAÜ_ô~ ž¹,Ô;ñJW0dPorx”|¤€´ƒÂ†Ðý’)“V‚°‡Ü}r4d^TˆD¯0Öûì?Ó^Ãp´¤‘” „°t¾cÌTÙCå2ñ!ýýìÙ&Ç/œBqSD`léuºzŒ}^}/{vÓo¦ezXNH$8ú#éׯµú£ð’ä‚ÖrÉa¼R®AŸ2#€o^øNê<Ý*ÐŹô®à¤Ì™¸t_ZL¢JBRäe…ƒ+«Ô²Ç¹»À¯É£Ð—Ø‹á€étV86PmêŠÔ¨¾Ç«æ˜‡*wNir]—Q¾Gæ?ó>;:9'846@5M5ÿx`]š6½<àDK$SF]fh‡t¥Ãà ú²Æ+ÝAöTf/m;sIzVf…t‰„Œ”£„‹wtg`UNB=..ìÕú½î¦âÖzÉd½P®JªD¦>¡8œ0–)!Š„€ zuùpùpùqøqør†!š2°AÅNÜYõcj,oGrbv}{˜€³†Íè˜ëlÒZ¸Kœ>~0_$>ÿÞô¿æ ÖƒÄh°M™6™6š6š6š61ÿÿÿÿœ`f‚Z”]¥_·bÊeÜhîkor&v8{J€^†pŒ€’’™£ ³§Á°Ð·Þ¿ìÆûÏØá"ê0ó=þJWdr(4t>hH\SP_Ej:t1€*Œ| mü`ëTÙHÈ=¹1©$§¤¡žœ š —–’üŠø…òîyétäpàjÛeÖ_ÒXÏPÉHÅ>Ã6Ã.Æ&ÊÏÔØ ÝáúãôâîáéàãàÞÞØÝÔÝÎÜÄۺڱبן֕֌ւØZZ‚Z‚Z‚Zü`>Y]TfT‚TŸT¼X×HÖ9Ö)ר ÛüÞìáÞãÇè±ïœõ‡þs^K9 (+6AõMåYÔgÅt´„ªy n–d‹Y€NvCk8`.r…—ªó¾æÑØåÌúÀ´$«9 P–gކ˜}²vÈqÜlòifd0bE_Y]1ÿh`YiâiâiãiãiãN>Z4˜-Ù( Z˜üÕþ¶ü—÷xñXë8åáúáÙäÆç²ìžòŒùzj YJJJIIVúeñsç‚ÞÓɬ½º´ÅªÐ Ú—äï‚úyn[!J69I+^uŒ ¥Á¤†g H0$.ì:ØHÄW°gžxŽˆ}šm¬_ÀPÓCæ7ù+##2?MöZíhâhâiâiâiâÿ `BvíþªÄ"à2úFY0mI‚a˜x¯ŽÈ¡ä²ÀË@Óc×ٜٷ×ÓбƓ¸x§]’D},fMû8æ&Ѽ§ú’ì~ÝjÌUËUËUËUËVÜtð¡ùÎúüõ+îZçˆâ¶âä˦¾h¶(°èª§ h*vïvîvîvívívívívíví1ÿÿÿÿH`QYûTS5SSTqDp3p#qswñzàÐ…Á‹±‘¢˜“ …§v®i¶]¾XÂTÆNÊIÎLÇPÁTºR³R²R°Q¯Q¯N¬JªE©@¨<¨7¨2¨-§$¦£¡þšõ˜ë˜âœÝ¡Ø¤Ò¦Ë¨Ñ¤×¡Üœâ–ëŽõ†þxrl"f+`:UJL\Bn:€2“*¦$»Îâ÷   3FþYû˜`%‚þŽ™¥±½ÉÕ á ×ÏÆ¾¸&²0®:®D±J´O¶T¶Z±\«^¥_ž_˜__Š`„bƒd‚f€g|hOƒ4‚‚þÿ<`ŽALJVUb`mkxv„€ŽŒ—˜¡©ˆ³~¼vÆpÈjÌeÐ`Ó[ØVÝSâPèPêPìPïOñLîHëCê>ê8î4ò/÷)ü&#  ü!û%ù(õ+ó-ò1ð3ï6î6î7î7í7ì6ì3ì2ì0ê.é,ç+ä+Ü.Ö3Ð9Ê?É@ÉBÉBÈCÅBÂ@¿?¼B´K±V­b¨m§z§‡¨”­Ÿ°£²¨³«·¯¼°À±Å±É°Ë®Ì¬Î«ÏªÚ¬Û¯Û±Û²Ûµàºæ¼ì½ó¾ùºü²¬¦¶üÇùØõèòùð ïì,îAà?Ñ?Â>²>¢?”?„@u@w{÷€Ó‡¯•y¦FºÐëéÁš r@L@LALALALÿh`YžN©_µnÁ~ÍŽÙœä¬î»øÌþÔÞæ ðú !*,4C>[EsL‹S¤X¼]Ôbñdh*nE^DPB@B0B!BBDóDòEñEñEðFð&íçâàÀÖŸÌ~¾^±@¬6¦,¢"œ—‘‹ý…ô‚ñ€îê|èvßp×jÎcÇ]¿V¶O®F§F§E§E§D§L V˜^gˆpyvmŠd_”Z™TNNžNžNžNü`>»bÄkÌsÖ|àƒêŠõ’þ›¤¤¦¦ ¦¤ý¤÷¦ò©ð´ê¿äÈÜÒÒÜÊåÁî¹÷¹ø¹ø¹ø¹øµò°ì¬è¦â§Ô®Î¶Ë¿ÆÆÀ˼ιҴԯѧˠŘÁ‘¿Ž¼Šº†ºƒ¼~ÀyÁvÁpÀl¾j»fºbºbºbºb»bÿ`E, , ,¡,¡,¡$£§ª¯ ´ºÀþÇúÎ÷ÖôÜôã÷åúèýêþìø #)/ ò ä&Õ-È4»<µ@¯D©H¤LžP™V”[‘bˆXNuCj8a-V$K@O]ýlôyê†à”פδÇÂÀлàµð²ÿ­©¤, ÿT`T'Â3Ð>ÞIëTú]fo"y0ˆN—n£Ž¯±·ÔÀøÄÇ>ÍD¾D°B B‘B‚BsBcDUEU4R"QOÿQúUöXò\í]ê]å]á[ÞWÛRÚNÚJÛIÜIÜIÜHÞ>Á3¥'‹r XþBî,ÚÙØ×Öøõúõúõúõûöüý õé"Ú'Ì&Ê&Ç&Ä&Á&Á'Â'Â'Â$`EÒ<Ý>×EÒEÒEÒEÒEÒ,` 9â8ã8ã8ä7ä8â8â9â9â9â1ÿ`EÁè¼ ¼.ÀQÇtЗÛ»åÞîù0b’ Â È Î Ô Ú¸ó›å€ÕfÆL¶2©÷“Í‘¤”{RœRœRœQšQ™Q™Q™Q˜R‘i‹†™±uÞdR2?\0‡$²Þ" é ÛtN )à(»:™Pzg\?–"¬ÀæÀæÁèÁèÁèÿ,`Jö0 B$U<gUynŠˆ›£©¾¶ÛÂøÌÓ5×TÙu×–Ò¹ÎÏÊäÄú¼»º¸¶ºó¸Ë¯¤¢}’Wƒ0s fâ^ÇYªSJpC`C`C`B`BaH{L–M°LÌHæB8,2 H]rú‡íœâ³ØÌÐçÏ®Övâ>òÍ”\"$"  õõööö1ÿÿÿÿt`œ   ,,88DDPP\[hhttg[P¬H¾?Ð7ä0÷* **(( ÷ööôó ô ö øùúýýÿûúû ü ýþ      )34 5 5 653.*)$*(--../.000023@2A1A0B.D0K1R1Z.b0i.o,u(z!}}| zxxwwtoje^ V M E D BA@AýAøAõAñ;ñ4ð-ì'æ$ß$Ø"ÓÔØ ÙØ÷àîéåïÛòÏöÃø·ú«¢œ–‘‹r \F.* & $           ÿ˜`eÅÉÌ Ð!Ñ%Ñ(Ò,Õ.×1Ý2ã4é6ï8H OW`jlmmniÿdûaø]ò[ì\ç`âcÞfÝfÝfÜdÜcÜbÜbÝbÞaà^á\áXáVÒPÂZÂZÀZÀZ¿Z½O¶R®W¦[ž]œ^›`›ašb˜c•d“cb`‰]„\€[€Z€X~W~V}T|RzPwOn@f?_:X7Q4R.Y,`+h+n,q1v3{6€6‡4Ž4•4œ4ž4Ÿ3 1¡0¥%¬$¶$¾!Åÿ`†_!–&š2ž=£HªQ®T¯T²Q³P´N¶H¸B¹<º6ÊF×Xäjï~ú’¦ ¼ÔÔÕÕÕ ÔÓúÐðÏèÎÞÎÖÏÍÓÆÆÄÃÁü¹öƴɲͰҮȩÀ¢·®—©‘¦Š¤ƒ£~žz—v’nŽjŽeŽ`\‹[‹[‹[Š[Š\‡^†`…b…e…f…h…j…vŠx‹zŒ}~”‚™„žˆ¢Ž£’¥˜¦¥¢Ÿ¦™©’©Š©‚¨|¦v£r¢i¡a ZœT›NšH–D’?‘=‘:‘86‹3…10y0p3f7^9T<J=B?8B/D(E FFEB?>=< :*844=2F.N*V&_!ÿ`FA?A?B?B?B?DIETF]LfRhWh]hbiclcmcocr`t^u\yZ|YX†Y‹]\¥]¦^©`ªc«Y¨N¨E¨:«/¯&²·¼ ¾ÂÇýÍýÎýÎýÏýÏùÈôÂî¼è·á°ÛªÔ£ÍœÇ”ÀŽº‡´ÂvÒlábòXQJ*E?@@?@?@?A?T`䀒“”—˜ï”î”î“î“í’éæãŠá…ããããä€ì`:/Ÿ4«5®8¯;°<²;·=¼>Á>Æ=Ê=Ï>Ó>ØCâHîOøYÿbj px}ƒ†ŠŒ‘ ’ŒŠ"‰0Š>‹?‹@‹@‹A}@n?`>R>C>5?%?@@AAA"ñ(È.Ÿ.Ÿ/Ÿ/Ÿ/Ÿÿ`D”Ÿœª¤²®¼¶Æ¬î«ð«ðªð©ð¨ì©çªâ«ß«ß«ß«Þ«ÞªÜ©Û¦Û¤Û¤Û£Ü£Ü¢Þ¢ßŸàžáœá˜å“èìò÷†ÿ…þ„ý‚ü€üü~ü|ü{ýzxu p j d ^Z]bþfóiçnÞsÔyÊ~„ºˆ±Ž©“Ÿ“Ÿ”Ÿ”Ÿ”Ÿ`#+®,®/®0¯1°2¶1»/Á+ÆÏÕÕÖÖÖÕÓÒÏÊÆÂ¾½¼ »#º$¶%´(°*®+®+®+®+®ÿ$`jÐ~ÔƒàˆìŽø–› ¥ª­²·º¿ ÃÅÆ(¾2¼>ºJ´T´V³X³Y²Z°]¬^ª_§b§fªk«o¬t¬t­u­v­v²x³z³|³}²€°ƒ­ˆ­Œ­®’®“®”°•¤šŸŸš¥•ª®±Œ´‰¶†·€¸{¹u¹o¸lºj½i¿hÂbÅ]ÉYÎWÕXÚ\Ü_ÝdÝiÝkÜlÜoÜpÜpÝoÝoÝnÝnÝlÞkájâjâjâjâiãPáPáPàNàNÞSÚX¿TºQ¶L²F®A«;¨5¦/¤-¤*¢(¢&¡’І €qcTFEDÿBþBúB÷BóDñFîMìTê\å`áZàYÞYÚZÙ\Õ^Ò_Î_Ê^ÃWÀN¼E¸<¶;´:²9°6±5²4µ4·4½5Ã6É8Ï9Õ:Û:á;ç;è;ë>ì?í@ô?ö>ø;ù9ù5ù5ú5ú5ú5ý8:<@EHLPRFA8/ &  ÿþýüüüúúùùøø   #!(#;(@0B8B@DJDSB\@c;c:d:d9d9d6c5b3`2e*XX XWTÿSÿSÿSÿRþP÷LóHñDð?î:î5í0ì,ë)ë'ë$ë"ë&æ,â3ß9Û?ÙEØLÕRÔXÓ^ÓdÒjÐ<`ÈÖÎÜÔâÛèäëØòÔëÐäÍÞÇÙÇÙÇØÇÖÈÖœ`&»ì¾óÁùÅÿÊÊÊÊÊÆ ÂÁÂÆ$Ç,Ê3Ì:Ö@Ñ@Ì?Æ>Á?¼?¹@´A°D¶0º»»ð»î»î»í»ì»ì»ì»ì»ìˆ`!ó!%')*;*<+?+@,A$AAAAþAöBìEäHèDì?ð:ô5ö0÷,ø&ú! óóóóó1ÿH`Q… Ž3X¯{ÛÙºîØø"(*:2L9`@sEˆJœM¯?—-‚lXëCÕ.±©ô¢æœ×–É’¹ª‹™ˆ‰ˆ‰ˆ‰ˆ‰‡ˆˆÈ‹ˆJ~‹{µ~⇠™1—1”0’-+‹$†|y tpülõ\ÙP»E>}:\8<9>ûEÜN¾X¡cƒnfxH*„ „ „ „ „ „ … … … ÿH`QY\4bPkjs†} †¼Ö—òž M›z‘§‚ÒnúX=?<@;@:@8BB1JP UõVžPHNðUšUšU™T˜T˜T˜T˜T˜S˜P›P¡O§N­M²M·L¼JÀFÕ>è6ú+ *8õGæUÖbÆq¸ªŽœœ’¬‡¼Š¦Ž˜w `ªI´5¿"ËàóõÖ ºž1€A`N>XXXXY1ÿÿÿ¸`-Œjа˜Ô¢ö¬¶(Á=ÍSÚgèz÷¢ý¬òµèÀÝËÒÔÈß¾ëµö¨âšÎ‹»~©q–eƒYmOXC<80)ã"ŧ‰k%k4kClRl`lpl~kŒjÿ8`M²j¸k¾lÄnÊnÐnÖnÜlâkßvÝ‚ÜŽÞ™ã¡æ«ë´ñ¼ôÂöÉúÎþÑÑ ÑÒ×ÚÜÞáäè!ê%í*î.ï2ò6ô<þCK T]fl#r+t.x/{00t8hC]MQXFb<m1x'ƒ!|vng `YPûIì2ßÔþËáÂû¥µ‡°j°j²j²j²jè`9tjƒk“l¡l±lÀlÐlÞkîkð¦úàO5ƒP´pà’ • – ˜ š…"z-n8dCYOO[Gh;[0O%B4'ü óþãåÕÌÆ²º—­z¢^™@ Їÿƒï€Þ{Âx¥vˆtjtjtjtjtjÿ4`Lðkÿnpq-q<qMq]plpi”d¸^ÛVþM BB6d)„£ ÂüàêýÖÂ4®N—g–h–i”j“lŽbB877789::<@ FNûUõ[ïbèhàmØsÒxÍ|ȂĈºŽ°–¨š¥‘¬„´v¸g½YÃIÈ:Ï+ÖÞûäãèËí³ðšñƒðkðkðkðkðkÿt`Vndospppžp¬p»pÉpƆÚÀ±½Æ¸Ý´ó¬ ¥ *6˜@’HŒF…C~CxDtNlVd`]hUqOvIyC}=€7ƒ1†+Š%’—£¦§© ª­®ú¯õ³ð´ì¸ê»èÀäÒàäÚôÎËÆÂ¿ºüµø¯÷©÷¦þ£¢œ›$ž+2–7‘?ŽI‹RŠV‰Z†]…aymkv[J‡8&“˜žó¢ä¤×¦É©¼«®¬ ®“¯’¯¯Ž¯¯~´˜‚z\~?~>€>€>€>>¡=²:Ã8Ô4ã1ô,'!$4CR_þl÷yï|ì~逿„åëzñv÷rrrrswv qlhh!j"l$m%n%p%p%q%w |€…‰ Œ‘–üü¤ú©õ¯ð²è´à¶ØºÑÀÁ˵Өטڗޗà•ä‘éŠï„ô~övõsõrõpön÷mølújûhgjmpnmjga^YTSSSRST$T'R(O(M'I&G$D"B A@ 6!6!6!6"5&5+5.2204(8:= 7ü8ê9Ø6È0½+±&¥›˜•“’ ŽŠ„€{vqqqpp-o(x'ƒ'(š.¨3·9Ä>ÑBÕE×IÚLÛNÛOÚO×PÖPÌOÂL¸I®P TU~UnUnVnVnVn`ñoûoñoÿ`†ý¢¢¤ ¦ª±·¾ÅÕæôýø õðëåàÞÝÜ"Ü%ß,ã4å;åBàJÚTÓ\ÍeÆm¿v¸²ˆª~¢s˜ja…XzNqDg;b5^/X)S$NHC> CHIJL NOPPRT"X#\%a&g#l"r x ~ „ Š–›¡§¬°µ¹¼¿ÁÆþÇþÈüÊûËúÌùÌøÌõÍôÆêÆêÆêÆéÆéÍàÎàÎáÎáÐáÖæÝêåíïìöèûãÝØ ÕÒÐÎ Ê ÉÈÅÄ¿¹´ü°ü¬ûªû¦û¢ü¢ü¢ü¢ý¢ÿl`ZÐÞàâáãáãáãáãáèâìäïèóîùõþü   " # % ( )+05"7:<@B DHJüMïUá[ÑaÀf°k nr€v‚aƒN‚:ƒ%¡§®&¶+¿0À2Ã5Å7É8Ë8Ï6Ñ5Ò2Ô(ÒÏË ÆÃ¾¹þ¶û±ù¬ö§ôœìœêœêœêœê¥ê«î±ð¹ï¾íÂéÅçÉäÊâËáÎàÐÞÿH`Qùþ" #$($.*/+2+3+4+6)6%5"5<DK R"YXW$V)T.S@SPSaTs>p'jdü[çPÔFÂ8²*°(¯&¬$ª#²"ÉÓ Ó Ó Ó Ó ÒÏÍÌÔüØüÙÿÚÚÛÛÜÞßäçêþîûòûöüùþýÿþþÿþüûøøùùù1ÿ<`N¥´5ÄJØ`ìs†š,¬A¿WÒjæ|ûŒ™*¤D«a®€¥n™\ŠK|:k,ZH8&úëÜôÌæºÙ¨ΕƀĀĀĀÀÈ’ͦÓ¸ÚËàÞåñêíîñ&ò-ó4÷FüWhx‡– £*¯BÃ/½¶ «ý í“à…ÓuÇf²@¨£ï¢Å¤›¦p¦F¤¤¥¥¥ÿh`Y5+1R0y0 2Ç4à2ú/*,#D[ p‚ó‘çžÚªËµ½½®ÆžÌŒÐœÄ«¶·¦Â–Ê‚ÒnØZÝDâ-çíôéûÓ¼ §‘ªôÂáÙÌî¶Ÿˆ"q1d:XDMOBZ9f0s)"Œ$y)f/R6?>-GQ \þiðvã„דʢ¾±²À§Ï›Þí‚úvhZJ*;4*4*5+5+5+1ÿÿÿØ`5CPM[Vf`qk}vˆ‚’Œ›˜¢—£•¤’¦¦ƒ°v»gÅXÎHØ7à&éðöòýà̺ §”€€~~ø‚ܾ¡›ž¶šÏ”èŠs+f>X@VATBSBPBPCPCPCPè`9™P™P™R™R™R¤\°f½pÊxÙç†÷Œ’•˜#›.8žA K¡T S¼RÚS÷VB0  ùçüÖöÆðµé¤à”Ù…ÐvÇh¾[³N¨J§H¤F£D¡O˜Zd…ozzp„eŽZ˜P˜P™P™P™Pÿ8`M%¾&¾&¿'¿'¿1È<ÒFÚQä\ëgôsû‹—¤±¾Í$Û(ê-÷1479,<:=F>S>SZRuR’S®S¯S¯S¯S¯?®*¬ª¦ì¢Ö—®‘™Š†‚szapOh=^-UJD =4ø-ï%åÜÒÑÑÑÒÝèòõýëàÔÊ%¿%¿%¿%¾%¾1¨`)& 4,D9SEbTqa€p“ˆ¥ ¶ºÆÒÚêí/(ó!Þ˸¥ý”òƒærÙdÌV¼J¬>œ3Š*u#aI1ˆ`!ËÄ0¼J²d§~š”«}ÀkÓYåEö0 è*Í4±;Ä(Õç÷îÚÇ'²8ŸGŒXyif{TC 2¶"Ë1ÿÿÿÿ8`M¸-Å:ÒHàTî^üi s|(†7ŽF–Wžh¥y¬Š´œ»¯Á°Á°Á±Á±ÁÆÈÙÍíÒÖÙ,Û@ÜTÞRæQîPøPP PPP'P2P>PHRS2QNòJÓD´;”3u)X:øèèÎÙ¶Èž·‰¥ƒ ~y—s’nhŠb†\‚h{vr‚gŒ\˜P£D®8¸-¸-¸-¸-¸-ÿ `g+91D8N@XIbRl]tg|r„s„s„s„t…pŠjŽf”`™I®0ÁÓüäßó¤…f(F3%;DãKÂP T~W€TQ‚MH0~ê‚ñƒò„ó†óˆóŠòðìêæâßÜÜÜŽÜŽÛ¤Û¹ÚÐØçÓüÎÈ)Á>ºG¶O²X¯`«h¨q¤y €•’–‘–’–“—“ ˜¨š°œ¹œÁšÊ˜Ò—Ú–àåŠë„òøý{vr mhc`TJ$B+91€`ñûüýŽþþ‘ü˜ú ø¨õ¯ð±ê²å²ß±Ý²Ú´ØµÖ´Ô²Ó²Ò²Ñ±Ñ¬Ò©Ó¥×£ÝŸâšæ–ê‘ñØ`5«æ²æ¹çÀçÆçÌêÒë×ìÜíäíííõíüîð ó÷üýýþþ  úóêãÛÔÌļ ´­¦žþ›ÿ™•“ÿ’þýüŽù”ó›î¢ê«æ#LOGO-OD.WPG ¯Ý ƒ™ª"ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÔ€ô½òòôÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ4$ÓØ/ /ØÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ38à8øØ 882^ö3ÓÔ€/¤°-òô½ÔÔ€/û, --/¤°ÔÓ…+ÓÓÓConvention€on€the€EliminationÐ  Ðof€All€Forms€of€DiscriminationÐ  Ðagainst€WomenÐ   ÐÓÈÓ€ †Ô_ÔEdit€the€first€comment€and€type€symbol€and€job€number€ò òaccuratelyó ó.Ð  ÐÌFooter€B€must€be€edited€to€include€the€job€number€(user€box€1€for€SpanishÐ LL Ðversion).€The€word€ò òÔ_ÔbarcodesÔ_Ôó ó€must€not€be€erased.€(Press:€PAGE€UP€HOME€F2€(typeÐ òò Ðò òbaró ó)€F2€to€enter€the€footer€or€the€user€box.) Ö€Ö" >Start€typing€on€line€3.25.€€Do€not€add€any€additional€returns. Ö€$Ö Ý ƒ™ª*ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒÔ€ô½òòôÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ4$ÓØ/ /ØÝ  ÝÒf8ÒÒf8ÒÓ-882 882^ö-Óà€â!â!er#à/...ˆÐ À Ð Ñ À ÑÑ X ÑTable_A d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d âÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R3Ø'Letter (Portrait)\ÑÑndØ'3Letter (Portrait)nÑTable_B d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dTable_C d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dTable_D d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dTable_E d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dTable_F d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dTable_G d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dTable_H d d d d d dTable_I d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d Table_J d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d Table_K d d d d d d d d Table_L d d d d d d d d d âÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ\RØ'3Letter (Landscape)\ÑÑnd3Ø'Letter (Landscape)nÑ Table_M d d d d d d d d d d d Ñ  ÑÑ X Ñ Ñ , Ñ d d d d d d d Table_N d d d d d d d d d d d dTable_O d d d d d d d d d d d dTable_P d d d d d d d d d d d dTable_Q d d d d d d d d d d d dTable_R d d d d d d d d dTable_S d d d d d d d d dTable_T d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dTable_U d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d Ñ  ÑÑ X Ñ Ñ , Ñ d d d d d d dTable_V d d d d d d d d d d d dTable_W d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dTable_X d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dTable_Y d d d d d d d d d d d dTable_Z d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dTable_AA d d d d d d d d d d dTable_AB d d d d d d d d d d d d("2÷™$¤¤Ý ƒì³Š!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRXì3Ø'Xà3Ø' Letter3Ø'Avery 8463 Ink Jet ShippiÀ ÑÓ  Óÿ3Ø'LetterTÑÑX°ÑÑÀ°ÑÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒÔ€ô½òòôÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÑ fXÑÑ fXÑÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ43ðÓØ/ /ØÝ  ÝÓ…+…+ÓԀɭXòô½ÔÒ°8ÒÒ°8Ò€€€€€òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó/("2ù¹$¥¥Ý ƒì³Š!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRXì3Ø'Xà3Ø' Letter3Ø'Avery 8463 Ink Jet ShippiÀ ÑÓ  Óÿ3Ø'LetterTÑÑX°ÑÑÀ°ÑÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒÔ€ô½òòôÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÑ fXÑÑ fXÑÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ43ðÓØ/ /ØÝ  ÝÓ…+…+ÓԀɭXòô½ÔÒ°8ÒÒ°8Ò€€€€€òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó/#|V (³Š$¡¡ÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRXì3Ø'Xà3Ø' Letter3Ø'Avery 8463 Ink Jet ShippiÀ ÑÓ  Óÿ3Ø'LetterTÑÑX°ÑÑÀ°ÑÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒÔ€ô½òòôÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÑ fXÑÑ fXÑÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ43ðÓØ/ /Ø d˜\\YORK_UNIVERSITY\q_hrts_hp4000tnÒV,,,,ÒV0!3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)ði)Á»f0— ½”u/PagesMÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒì³Š!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRXì3Ø'Xà3Ø' Letter3Ø'Avery 8463 Ink Jet ShippiÀ ÑÓ  Óÿ3Ø'LetterTÑÑX°ÑÑÀ°ÑÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒÔ€ô½òòôÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÑ fXÑÑ fXÑÓ'882^ °œX'ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ43ðÓØ/ /ØÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ€˜¢ÔÔ_ÔÝ ƒÿÿÿÝÔUKUK.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRXì3Ø'Xì3Ø'3Ø'Avery 8463 Ink Jet ShippiXà3Ø' L3Ø'Avery 8463 Ink Jet ShippiÀ ÑÓ  ÓTÑÑXXÑÑÀÀÑÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+…+ÓÒ88ÒÒ88ÒÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÓ€ (ÿÿ44ÓØ/ /ØÓ0882^ 882^ö0ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ44ÓØ/ /ØÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÖ€ ÿÿÖÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÖ€ ÿÿÖÔ_ÔÖ€ÿÿÖÑ  Ñß?€í' °hdE8°h?ßß?€í' HhdE8Hh?ßÓ…+ÓÓÈÓÔ_Ôß“€]MIz|x  à p€ €@X@ÿEx  à Mx  à“ßÔ_ÔÔ€£ù£òô½ÔÔ€£=У££ùÔÓÌÈÓÓ38à8øØ ´882^ö3Óò òUNITEDÐ X¢ ÐNATIONSÓÌÓó óÐ $n ÐÌÌß’€\LHzlüÐ `À÷ž€@X@ÿE8ÇüÐVOÐ8ÇüÐ’ßÓ08à8øØ 8à8ƒà´0ÓÌß“€]MIz|` e*ð¸ p€ €@X@ÿE` *µ¸ µ-` *µ¸ “ßÔ€ô;v ò££=ÐÔÔ€ô½ò òô;vÔÌÓ' 8à8p8à8ƒà'ÓÔ_ÔÔ€>ªHÔÔ_ÔÔ,,¾ Nà Ôà p àDistr.Ð ,¾  Ðà p àGENERALÐ Òd  ÐÌà p àÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔKGZÔ_Ô/1Ð  ° Ðà p à28€August€1998Ð Ä V Ðà p àENGLISHÐ j ü Ðà p àORIGINAL:€€RUSSIANÐ  ¢ ÐÌÌÝ ƒÿÝÔUKUK.,ÔÑÑÑ  ÑÐ  ” Ô ÐÑTRXì3Ø'Xì3Ø'3Ø'Avery 8463 Ink Jet ShippiXà3Ø' L3Ø'Avery 8463 Ink Jet ShippiXà3Ø' LTÑÑXXÑÑÀÀÑÓ  ÓÓÓÓ…+ÓÒ88ÒÒ88ÒÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÔ€ô½òòô½ÔÓ€ (ÿÿ44ÓØ/ /ØÓ*882^ 8à88*ÓÓ€ (ÿÿ44ÓØ/ /ØÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ<<0 ÔÑ€ ÑÔ€!¦j°ÔCOMMITTEE€ON€THE€ELIMINATION€OFÐ <à  Ѐ€DISCRIMINATION€AGAINST€WOMENÐ þ¢  ÐÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€CONSIDERATION€OF€REPORTS€SUBMITTED€BY€STATES€PARTIES€UNDERÐ Dè  Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€ARTICLE€18€OF€THE€CONVENTION€ON€THE€ELIMINATION€OF€ALLÐ ª Ðà@² ² )ìàFORMS€OF€DISCRIMINATION€AGAINST€WOMENˆÐ Èl  ÐÌÌÌà@z z +ìàòòInitial€reports€of€States€partiesóóˆÐ Ðt  ÐÌÌÌà@ÒÒ1ìàTHE€KYRGYZ€REPUBLIC*€ˆÐ Ø| ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ „*(&' ÐÓ-882 882^ö-ÓÌà 2 à*à  àThis€document€has€not€been€edited.Ð ,¬') ÐÐ Ê,n(* ÐÑ Ñâ  âÖ€ŠÖâ  âÑ  ÑÌÒf8ÒÒf8ÒÑ€#ÑÑ€%ÑÓ3ff`LB : Ö.882ö3Óà@::ìàINITIAL€REPORT€OF€THE€KYRGYZ€REPUBLIC€UNDER€THE€CONVENTION€ON€THEˆÐ ΠЀ€€€€€€€€€€ELIMINATION€OF€ALL€FORMS€OF€DISCRIMINATION€AGAINST€WOMENÐ „ ÐÌà@””5ìàINTRODUCTIONˆÐ   ÐÌÌ1.à ` àThe€Kyrgyz€Republic€acceded€to€the€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€AllÐ Z N ÐForms€of€Discrimination€against€Women€on€10€February€1997.Ð   ÐÌ2.à ` àThis€report€has€been€prepared€on€the€basis€of€the€general€guidelines€forÐ   ”  Ðthe€form€and€content€of€initial€and€periodic€reports,€in€accordance€withÐ bV  Ðarticle€18,€paragraph€1€(a),€of€the€Convention.€€The€report€uses€informationÐ $  Ðfrom€ministries€and€departments€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€responsible€for€issuesÐ æÚ  Ðrelating€to€the€situation€of€individuals€in€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€and€theÐ ¨œ  Ðexercise€of€their€rights€and€from€social€organizations€concerned€with€humanÐ j^  Ðrights.€€The€report€gives€a€general€outline€of€the€situation€of€citizens,Ð ,  Ðaliens€and€stateless€persons€in€the€Kyrgyz€Republic,€as€related€to€contemporaryÐ îâ  Ðsocial€and€economic€processes€and€provides€information,€article€by€article,€onÐ °¤  Ðmeasures€taken€by€Kyrgyzstan€to€fulfil€its€obligations€under€the€Convention,Ð rf Ðthe€progress€made,€problems€encountered€and€measures€planned€for€the€furtherÐ 4( Ðimplementation€of€the€Convention.Ð öê ÐÌ3.à ` àThe€report€analyses€the€basic€regulatory€and€legislative€instruments€ofÐ zn Ðthe€Kyrgyz€Republic.€€The€"Annexes"€reproduce€the€texts€of€statutory€and€otherÐ <0 Ðregulatory€instruments€and€additional€information€pertinent€to€the€subject€ofÐ þò Ðthe€report.Ð À´ ÐÌ4.à ` àEfforts€to€ensure€wide€public€dissemination€of€the€material€in€the€reportÐ D8 Ðwere€initiated€as€the€report€was€being€written.€€In€accordance€with€OrdinanceÐ ú ÐNo.€218€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€of€27€June€1997,€a€special€commission€wasРȼ Ðestablished€to€write€the€report,€comprising€members€of€governmental€andÐ Š~ Ðjudicial€bodies.€€The€commission€held€a€number€of€meetings€and€carried€outÐ L@  Ðconsultations.€€The€draft€report€was€sent€to€all€ministries,€administrativeÐ ! Ðdepartments€and€non-governmental€organizations€whose€remarks€and€wishes€wereÐ ÐÄ" Ðtaken€into€account€in€the€preparation€of€the€final€version.Ð ’ †# ÐÌÐ  " % ÐÑ #%Ñâ #âÖ€$Öâ %#âÑÀXÑÑXÀÑâ %âÑ  Ñà@1ìàINTRODUCTORY€SECTIONˆÐ t ÐÌà@44ìàA.€€LAND€AND€PEOPLE€(GENERAL€STATISTICS€AND€CHARACTERISTICS)ˆÐ ø„ ÐÌ5.à ` àIn€the€past€seven€years€of€its€sovereign€existence,€the€Kyrgyz€RepublicÐ |  Ðhas€shown€the€world€that€it€is€a€unique€ethnic€and€cultural€component€of€humanÐ > Ê Ðcivilization€pursuing€its€own€path€of€development€and€has€established€its€placeÐ  Œ Ðas€a€democratic,€peace„loving€State.€€Accession€to€independence€was€not€simplyÐ  N Ða€mechanical€transfer€of€power€from€one€group€to€another,€but€a€highly€complexÐ „  Ðand€ambiguous€transition€from€one€qualitative€level€to€another.€€In€thisÐ FÒ  Ðcontext,€the€fundamental€shifts€in€people's€consciousness€and€psychology€wereÐ ”  Ðalso€complex€phenomena:€€on€the€whole,€the€people€have€respondedÐ ÊV  Ðenthusiastically€to€the€social,€economic€and€political€reforms€carried€out,€andÐ Œ  Ðthis€is€extremely€important,€since€the€people€are€the€mainspring€of€theÐ NÚ  Ðhistorical€process€and€progress.Ð œ  ÐÌ6.à ` àThe€Kyrgyz€Republic€covers€an€area€of€199,000€square€kilometres.€€ItÐ ”  Ðcomprises€six€regions€(òòoblastsóó),€41€districts,€20€cities,€29€settlementsÐ Vâ  Ðincorporated€as€towns€and€422€rural€administrations.€€Its€capital€is€BishkekÐ ¤  Ð(600,000€inhabitants).Ð Úf ÐÌ7.à ` àThe€Kyrgyz€Republic€is€located€in€the€north„eastern€region€of€CentralÐ ^ê ÐAsia,€between€the€Pamir„Altai€mountains€to€the€south„west€and€the€Tien€ShanÐ  ¬ Ðmountains€to€the€north„east.€€It€has€common€borders€with€Kazakhstan,Ð ân ÐTajikistan,€Uzbekistan€and€China.Ð ¤0 ÐÌ8.à ` àAs€of€1€January€1998,€the€total€population€was€4.7€million;€the€urbanÐ (´ Ðpopulation€numbered€1.6€million€(34€per€cent€of€the€total)€and€the€ruralÐ êv Ðpopulation,€3.1€million€(66€per€cent).€€There€were€2.3€million€men€andÐ ¬8 Ð2.4million€women,€49€and€51€per€cent,€respectively,€of€the€total€population.Ð nú ÐÌ9.à ` àòòAge€structure€of€the€populationóó.€€As€of€1€January€1998,€children€andÐ ò~ Ðadolescents€under€16€years€of€age€numbered€1.8€million,€or€39€per€cent€of€theÐ ´@  Ðtotal€population.€€Persons€of€working€age€(men€between€16€and€59€and€womenÐ v ! Ðbetween€16€and€54€years€of€age)€accounted€for€51€per€cent€of€the€population,€Ð 8!Ä" Ðwhile€pensioners€numbered€0.5€million€(10€per€cent).€€The€average€lifeÐ ú!†# Ðexpectancy€was€62€years€for€men€and€71€years€for€women.Ð ¼"H$ ÐÌ10.à ` àòòThe€demographic€situationóó€is€characterized€by€falling€birth€and€crudeÐ @$Ì& Ðdeath€rates€and€a€decline€in€migratory€movement€abroad.€€This€is€particularlyÐ %Ž' Ðevident€in€Bishkek€and€the€Chu€region,€where€the€birth€rate€has€fallen€toÐ Ä%P( Ð14.5and€16.2,€respectively.Ð †&) ÐÌ11.à ` àThe€falling€birth€rate€is€attributable€to€the€sharp€deterioration€inÐ  (– + Ðsociety's€social€and€economic€situation€which,€by€reducing€the€level€of€familyÐ Ì(X!, Ðwelfare,€has€adverse€effects€on€reproductive€behaviour.Ð Ž)"- ÐÌà ` àThe€Government's€policy€to€protect€the€population's€reproductive€health,Ð +ž#/ Ðin€which€special€attention€is€given€to€maintaining€optimum€intervals€betweenÐ Ô+`$0 Ðbirths,€is€resulting€in€a€reduction€in€the€number€of€children€born€to€families,Ð –,"%1 Ðparticularly€those€in€the€risk€group.Ð X-ä%2 ÐÐ .¦&3 Ð12.à ` àThe€number€of€deaths€in€1997€was€approximately€35,000€(7.5€per€1,000),€aÐ t Ðdecrease€compared€with€1996€(7.6€per€1,000).€€At€the€same€time,€there€has€beenÐ 6 Ðan€increase€in€the€number€of€deaths€from€diseases€such€as€tuberculosis€andÐ ø„ Ðischemic€heart€disease€that€is€linked€to€worsening€living€conditions.Ð º F ÐÌà ` àA€matter€of€special€concern€are€the€high€(though€stabilized)€rates€ofÐ > Ê Ðmaternal€and€infant€mortality:€€the€death€of€women€during€pregnancy,€deliveryÐ  Œ Ðand€recovery€and€of€infants€in€the€first€year€of€life.€€In€1997,€deaths€inÐ  N Ðthese€categories€numbered€over€80€women€(81€per€100,000)€and€approximatelyÐ „  Ð3,000infants€in€the€first€year€of€life€(28€per€1,000€births).Ð FÒ  ÐÌà ` àThe€principal€causes€of€maternal€mortality€are€renal,€liver,Ð ÊV  Ðcardiovascular€and€endocrine€disorders€and€infectious€diseases€causing€severeÐ Œ  Ðtoxaemia€accompanied€by€the€development€of€multiple€organ€failure€andÐ NÚ  Ðpostpartum€haemorrhage,€with€fatal€outcome.€€The€main€causes€of€infantÐ œ  Ðmortality€are€respiratory€disorders€and€perinatal€complications.Ð Ò^  ÐÌ13.à ` àExternal€migration€fell€by€a€factor€of€1.6€in€1997€compared€with€1996,Ð Vâ  Ðtotalling€17,000€as€against€12,000€in€1996.Ð ¤  ÐÌ14.à ` àAs€a€result€of€such€processes,€Kyrgyzstan's€population€grew€by€59,000€inÐ œ( Ð1997€(1.3€per€cent)€to€total€4,666,000€on€1€January€1998.Ð ^ê ÐÌ15.à ` àòòEthnic€composition€of€the€populationóó:€€As€of€1€January€1997,€€Kyrgyz€wereÐ ân Ð60.8€per€cent€of€the€total€population,€Russians€„€15.3€per€cent,€Uzbeks€„Ð ¤0 Ð14.3per€cent,€Ukrainians€„€1.5€per€cent,€and€there€were€some€80€other€ethnicÐ fò Ðgroups,€including€Germans,€Tartars,€Kazakhs,€Koreans,€Uigurs,€Tajiks€andÐ (´ ÐDungans.Ð êv ÐÌ16.à ` àòòEducational€level€of€the€populationóó:€€In€1997,€Kyrgyz€citizens€with€higherÐ nú Ðand€secondary€(complete€and€incomplete)€education€numbered€872€per€1,000€ofÐ 0¼ Ðpopulation€aged€15€years€and€over.€€Of€this€number,€101€had€complete€higherÐ ò~ Ðeducation,€15€had€incomplete€higher€education,€150€had€specialized€secondaryÐ ´@  Ðeducation,€409€had€general€secondary€education€and€197€had€incomplete€secondaryÐ v ! Ðeducation.Ð 8!Ä" ÐÌ17.à ` àThe€main€indicator€of€a€country's€economic€growth€is€the€gross€domesticÐ ¼"H$ Ðproduct€(GDP).€€In€1995,€signs€of€economic€stabilization€could€be€seen€in€aÐ ~# % Ðslower€rate€of€decline€in€GDP€(94.6€per€cent€compared€with€the€year€before);Ð @$Ì& Ðin1996,€GDP€actually€grew€(107.1€per€cent).€€GDP€for€1996€amounted€toÐ %Ž' Ð23,399,300€soms€(in€1996€prices),€which€was€44.9€per€cent€greater€in€nominalÐ Ä%P( Ðterms€than€the€1995€level€and€13.2€per€cent€higher€than€the€GDP€forecast€madeÐ †&) Ðin€the€indicative€plan€for€the€social€and€economic€development€of€the€KyrgyzÐ H'Ô* ÐRepublic€for€the€period€1996€to€2000.Ð  (– + ÐÌà ` àNominal€GDP€for€1997€is€estimated€to€have€been€30,438,000€som,Ð Ž)"- Ð10.4percent€higher€in€real€terms€than€the€previous€year.€€Ð P*Ü". ÐÌ18.à ` àIn€1996,€consumer€price€trends€in€respect€of€non„food€items€were€marked€byÐ Ô+`$0 Ðrestraint€in€the€population's€effective€demand.€€From€the€start€of€the€year,Ð –,"%1 Ðthe€growth€of€non„food€prices€was€significantly€lower€than€the€growth€of€foodÐ X-ä%2 Ðand€service€prices,€totalling€120€per€cent.€€In€1997,€the€growth€of€prices€andÐ .¦&3 Ðtariffs€for€remunerated€services€(145.8€per€cent)€far€outstripped€the€growth€ofÐ t Ðconsumer€goods€prices€(133.4€per€cent).€€Over€the€year€as€a€whole,€prices€forÐ 6 Ðstaple€foods,€the€principal€item€in€consumer€expenditure,€have€greatlyÐ ø„ Ðincreased.€€The€largest€price€increases€in€1996€were€for€fruits€and€berriesÐ º F Ð(240per€cent),€eggs,€meat€and€poultry€(160€per€cent)€and€dairy€products,Ð |  Ðflour,€pasta,€bread€and€bakery€products€(120€to€140€per€cent).Ð > Ê ÐÌà ` àIn€1997,€a€steady€downward€trend€in€the€growth€of€consumer€prices€wasÐ  N Ðobserved.€€Prices€rose€on€average€by€14.8€per€cent,€with€prices€for€foodÐ „  Ðincreasing€by€17.4€per€cent,€for€services€by€15.4€per€cent€and€for€non„foodÐ FÒ  Ðitems€by€7.3€per€cent.€€The€greatest€increases€during€this€period€have€been€forÐ ”  Ðmeat€and€poultry€(160€per€cent),€sugar€(120€per€cent)€and€vegetable€oilÐ ÊV  Ð(130percent).Ð Œ  ÐÌ19.à ` àOf€the€remunerated€services€monitored€in€1997,€the€greatest€increases€haveÐ œ  Ðbeen€in€the€cost€of€preschool€facilities€(140€per€cent).€€Housing€costs€rose€byÐ Ò^  Ð25.8€per€cent,€transport€services€by€22.4€per€cent€and€communications€byÐ ”  Ð8.3percent.Ð Vâ  ÐÌà ` àIn€accordance€with€article€34€of€the€Kyrgyz€Constitution,€State€publicÐ Úf Ðhealth€care€institutions€offer€guaranteed€medical€services€free€of€charge.€€TheÐ œ( ÐGovernment€has€identified€and€approved€categories€and€groups€of€the€populationÐ ^ê Ðentitled€to€receive€medical€care€free€of€charge.€€In€emergencies,€however,€paidÐ  ¬ Ðservices€may€be€provided€with€the€consent€of€the€patient€or€of€his€or€her€nextÐ ân Ðof€kin.Ð ¤0 ÐÌ20.à ` àDuring€periods€of€social€transformation,€the€population's€standard€ofÐ (´ Ðliving€drops.€€For€most€people,€particularly€the€most€vulnerable€members€ofÐ êv Ðsociety,€making€payments€becomes€difficult€and€many€social€benefits€becomeÐ ¬8 Ðunaffordable.Ð nú ÐÌà ` àWith€a€view€to€regulating€the€provision€of€remunerated€medical€services,€aÐ ò~ Ðdraft€law€on€the€extra„budgetary€activity€of€Kyrgyz€health€care€institutionsÐ ´@  Ðhas€been€elaborated.€€It€sets€out€a€list€of€the€remunerated€medical€servicesÐ v ! Ðwhich€may€be€offered€to€those€able€to€pay€for€them.€€The€Government€is€makingÐ 8!Ä" Ðprovision€for€targeted€funding€to€organize€summertime€health„building€campaignsÐ ú!†# Ðfor€children€under€14€years€of€age.€€Trade€unions€subsidize€permits€for€staysÐ ¼"H$ Ðin€health€resorts,€although€a€visit€to€existing€facilities€for€health€andÐ ~# % Ðrecreation,€sports€and€tourism€remains€a€rarity€for€most€people.Ð @$Ì& ÐÌ21.€€Public€health€is€affected€by€the€disturbed€ecological€balance€inÐ Ä%P( ÐKyrgyzstan,€variously€attributable€to€change€in€the€Aral€basin,€nuclear€testingÐ †&) Ðin€neighbouring€States€and€the€hazardous€condition€of€subsurface€ponds€forÐ H'Ô* Ðradioactive€tailings.Ð  (– + ÐÌ22.à ` àAs€of€1€January€1998,€54,600€citizens€were€officially€registered€as€beingÐ Ž)"- Ðunemployed.€€Women€accounted€for€58€per€cent€of€the€total.Ð P*Ü". ÐÌ23.à ` àWomen€comprise€more€than€half€(55€per€cent)€of€the€under„age€unemployedÐ Ô+`$0 Ðand€60€per€cent€of€unemployed€people€aged€16€to€29.€€Nearly€67€per€cent€ofÐ –,"%1 Ðunemployed€women€are€raising€small€children,€and€19€per€cent€of€them€have€fiveÐ X-ä%2 Ðor€more€children.Ð .¦&3 Їà@Þ Þ ,ìàB.€€GENERAL€POLITICAL€STRUCTUREˆÐ t ÐÌà ` à1.€€òòBrief€historical€surveyóóÐ ø„ ÐÌ24.à ` àIn€the€third€century€B.C.,€the€Kyrgyz€tribes€were€the€most€culturally€andÐ |  Ðeconomically€advanced€ethnic€group€in€southern€Siberia.€€In€the€fourthÐ > Ê ÐcenturyB.C.,€a€vast€association€of€tribes€resembling€the€barbarian€kingdoms€ofÐ  Œ ÐWestern€Europe€was€formed€under€the€leadership€of€the€Kyrgyz.€€At€the€height€ofÐ  N Ðits€power,€this€association€covered€the€upper€Enisei€basin€and€all€of€southernÐ „  ÐSiberia,€including€Altai€and€Mongolia.Ð FÒ  ÐÌà ` àThe€supremacy€of€the€Kyrgyz€was€short„lived.€€By€the€tenth€century€A.D.,Ð ÊV  ÐKyrgyzstan€was€the€core€territory€in€the€Qarakhanid€state.Ð Œ  ÐÌà ` àIn€the€thirteenth€century,€an€invasion€by€Mongols€brought€aboutÐ œ  Ðfundamental€political€and€economic€changes.€€Ethnographic€characteristicsÐ Ò^  Ðchanged.€€Intermingling€and€assimilation€of€ethnic€groups€occurred.Ð ”  ÐÌà ` àThe€fifteenth€century€was€marked€by€renewed€feudal€strife€in€the€MongolÐ ¤  ÐEmpire;€the€Kyrgyz€tribes€began€to€consolidate€into€state„like€federations.Ð Úf ÐÌà ` àBetween€1850€and€1870,€Kyrgyzstan€became€a€subject€of€the€Russian€empire.€Ð ^ê ÐSoviet€power€was€established€between€November€1917€and€June€1918.€€In€1924,Ð  ¬ Ð1926€and€1936,€Kyrgyzstan€went€from€the€status€of€autonomous€region€toÐ ân Ðautonomous€republic€and€finally€to€union€republic.Ð ¤0 ÐÌà ` àThe€principal€events€of€the€period€from€1936€to€1991€were€victory€in€theÐ (´ ÐSecond€World€War,€the€"thaw"€under€Khruschev,€"stagnation"€under€Brezhnev,€theÐ êv Ðvacillations€of€òòperestroikaóó€under€Gorbachev€and€the€collapse€of€the€Ð ¬8 Ðtotalitarian€system.Ð nú ÐÌ25.à ` àKyrgyzstan€declared€its€independence€on€31€August€1991.€€In€theÐ ò~ ÐDeclaration€on€the€State€independence€of€the€Republic€of€Kyrgyzstan,€theÐ ´@  ÐSupreme€Soviet€of€the€Republic€of€Kyrgyzstan€solemnly€proclaimed€the€country€toÐ v ! Ðbe€an€independent€sovereign€State.Ð 8!Ä" ÐÌà ` à2.€€òòState€structure,€political€system€and€form€of€governmentóóÐ ¼"H$ ÐÌ26.à ` àUnder€the€Constitution,€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€is€a€sovereign,€unitary,Ð @$Ì& Ðdemocratic€Republic€and€secular€State€founded€on€the€rule€of€law.Ð %Ž' ÐÌà ` àThe€sovereignty€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€is€not€limited€and€extends€to€allÐ †&) Ðof€its€territory.€€The€Kyrgyz€people€is€the€repository€of€sovereignty€and€theÐ H'Ô* Ðsole€source€of€State€power€in€the€Kyrgyz€Republic.Ð  (– + ÐÌà ` àOnly€the€elected€Zhogorku€Kenesh€(Parliament)€and€the€President€of€theÐ Ž)"- ÐKyrgyz€Republic€are€entitled€to€speak€on€behalf€of€the€people€of€Kyrgyzstan.€Ð P*Ü". ÐAmendments€and€additions€to€the€Constitution,€laws€and€other€important€issuesÐ +ž#/ Ðin€the€life€of€the€nation,€may€be€put€to€a€referendum.Ð Ô+`$0 ÐÌà ` àIn€its€form€of€government,€Kyrgyzstan€combines€elements€of€a€presidentialÐ X-ä%2 Ðand€a€parliamentary€republic€(presidential„parliamentary€republic).Ð .¦&3 Їà ` àòòThe€President€of€the€Kyrgyz€RepublicóóÐ t ÐÌ27.à ` àThe€President€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€is€the€Head€of€State,€the€highestÐ ø„ Ðofficial€in€the€country,€a€symbol€of€national€unity€and€the€guarantor€of€theÐ º F ÐConstitution€and€of€human€and€civil€rights€and€freedoms.€€The€Head€of€StateÐ |  Ðdetermines€the€main€lines€of€the€State's€domestic€and€foreign€policy,Ð > Ê Ðrepresents€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€inside€the€country€and€in€internationalÐ  Œ Ðrelations,€adopts€measures€to€preserve€the€sovereignty€and€territorialÐ  N Ðintegrity€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic,€safeguards€the€unity€and€continuity€of€StateÐ „  Ðpower€and€ensures€the€coordination€and€interaction€of€State€organs€and€theirÐ FÒ  Ðaccountability€to€the€people.Ð ”  ÐÌà ` àThe€President€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€is€elected€for€a€term€of€five€years.€Ð Œ  ÐThe€same€person€cannot€be€elected€President€for€more€than€two€consecutiveÐ NÚ  Ðterms.€€The€Presidency€must€be€held€by€a€Kyrgyz€citizen€over€35€and€underÐ œ  Ð65years€of€age€who€speaks€the€national€language€and€has€been€resident€in€theÐ Ò^  ÐRepublic€for€at€least€15€years€prior€to€nomination€for€the€Presidency.Ð ”  ÐÌà ` àòòThe€legislative€branchóóÐ ¤  ÐÌ28.à ` àThe€law€on€amendment€and€supplementing€of€the€Kyrgyz€Constitution€ofÐ œ( Ð17February1996,€adopted€by€referendum€on€10€February€1996,€stipulates€thatÐ ^ê Ðlegislative€authority€in€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€shall€be€exercised€by€the€ZhogorkuÐ  ¬ ÐKenesh€(Parliament),€a€bicameral€representative€body€comprising€the€LegislativeÐ ân ÐAssembly,€a€standing€body€of€35€elected€deputies€representing€the€interests€ofÐ ¤0 Ðthe€population€as€a€whole;€and€the€sessional€Assembly€of€People'sÐ fò ÐRepresentatives,€with€70€elected€deputies€representing€territorial€interests.Ð (´ ÐÌà ` àDeputies€of€the€Legislative€Assembly€and€the€Assembly€of€People'sÐ ¬8 ÐRepresentatives€are€elected€for€a€term€of€five€years.Ð nú ÐÌà ` àThe€Legislative€Assembly€of€the€Zhogorku€Kenesh€is€responsible€for:€Ð ò~ Ðamending€and€supplementing€the€Constitution€in€line€with€the€prescribedÐ ´@  Ðconstitutional€procedure;€enacting€laws;€giving€official€interpretations€of€theÐ v ! ÐConstitution€and€of€the€laws€which€it€itself€has€enacted;€modifying€the€bordersÐ 8!Ä" Ðof€the€Kyrgyz€Republic;€and€approving€laws€enacted€by€the€Assembly€of€People'sÐ ú!†# ÐRepresentatives.Ð ¼"H$ ÐÌ29.à ` àThe€Assembly€of€People's€Representatives€of€the€Zhogorku€Kenesh€isÐ @$Ì& Ðresponsible€for:€€amending€and€supplementing€the€Constitution€of€the€KyrgyzÐ %Ž' ÐRepublic;€enacting€laws€in€the€cases€provided€for€in€the€Constitution;Ð Ä%P( Ðapproving€laws€enacted€by€the€Legislative€Assembly€in€the€cases€specified€byÐ †&) Ðthe€Constitution;€giving€official€interpretations€of€the€Constitution€and€ofÐ H'Ô* Ðthe€laws€which€it€itself€has€adopted;€passing€the€budget€and€certifying€theÐ  (– + Ðnational€accounts;€and€modifying€the€jurisdiction€of€municipal€and€militaryÐ Ì(X!, Ðcourts€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic.Ð Ž)"- ÐÌà ` àòòThe€executive€branchóóÐ +ž#/ ÐÌÑ  Ñ30.à ` àArticle€69€of€the€Constitution€stipulates€that€executive€authority€in€theÐ –,"%1 Ðâ âKyrgyz€Republic€shall€be€exercised€by€the€Government€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic,Ð X-ä%2 Ðits€subordinate€ministries,€State€committees€and€administrative€departments€andÐ t Ðthe€local€State€administration.Ð 6 Ðâ âÌà ` àThe€Government€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€is€the€country's€highest€executiveÐ º F Ðorgan.€€The€Government€is€headed€by€the€Prime€Minister€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€Ð |  Ðand€consists€of€the€Prime€Minister,€the€Deputy€Prime€Ministers,€other€ministersÐ > Ê Ðand€the€chairmen€of€the€State€Committees€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic.Ð  Œ ÐÌà ` àThe€Prime€Minister€is€appointed€by€the€President€of€the€Kyrgyz€RepublicÐ „  Ðwith€the€consent€of€the€Assembly€of€People's€Representatives.€€Ð FÒ  ÐÌà ` àThe€Prime€Minister€determines€the€main€lines€of€Government€policy€inÐ ÊV  Ðaccordance€with€the€Constitution,€laws€and€Presidential€decrees.€€He€organizesÐ Œ  Ðthe€work€of€the€Government€and€is€personally€responsible€for€its€performance.Ð NÚ  ÐÌà ` àòòThe€judiciaryóóÐ Ò^  ÐÌ31.à ` àArticle€79€of€the€Constitution€stipulates€that€justice€in€the€KyrgyzÐ Vâ  ÐRepublic€shall€be€administered€solely€by€the€courts.Ð ¤  ÐÌà ` àThe€following€courts€exist€in€the€Kyrgyz€Republic:€€the€ConstitutionalÐ œ( ÐCourt,€the€Supreme€Court,€the€High€Court€of€Arbitration€and€local€courtsÐ ^ê Ð(regional€courts,€Bishkek€city€court,€district€and€municipal€courts,€regionalÐ  ¬ Ðarbitration€courts,€Bishkek€arbitration€courts€and€military€courts).Ð ân ÐÌ32.à ` àThe€Constitutional€Court€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€is€the€highest€judicialÐ fò Ðorgan€for€the€protection€of€the€Constitution.€€The€Constitutional€CourtÐ (´ Ðdeclares€laws€and€other€regulatory€instruments€unconstitutional€in€cases€ofÐ êv Ðdiscrepancy€with€the€Constitution€and€settles€disputes€concerning€theÐ ¬8 Ðoperation,€application€and€interpretation€of€the€Constitution.€€Decisions€ofÐ nú Ðthe€Constitutional€Court€are€final€and€are€not€subject€to€appeal.Ð 0¼ ÐÌ33.à ` àThe€Supreme€Court€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€is€the€highest€judicial€organ€forÐ ´@  Ðcivil,€criminal€and€administrative€proceedings.€€It€supervises€the€legalÐ v ! Ðactivity€of€the€regional,€Bishkek€city€and€district€courts.€€Ð 8!Ä" ÐÌ34.à ` àThe€High€Court€of€Arbitration€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€and€the€regional€andÐ ¼"H$ ÐBishkek€city€arbitration€courts€form€a€single€system€of€arbitration€courts€ofÐ ~# % Ðthe€Kyrgyz€Republic.€€Arbitration€courts€settle€financial€and€managementÐ @$Ì& Ðdisputes€between€entities€under€various€types€of€ownership.€€The€High€Court€ofÐ %Ž' ÐArbitration€supervises€the€legal€activity€of€the€regional€and€BishkekÐ Ä%P( Ðarbitration€courts.Ð †&) ÐÌ35.à ` àDecisions€handed€down€by€the€Kyrgyz€courts€and€having€acquired€legal€forceÐ  (– + Ðare€binding€upon€all€State€organs,€businesses,€social€organizations,€officialsÐ Ì(X!, Ðand€citizens€and€are€subject€to€execution€throughout€the€territory€ofÐ Ž)"- ÐKyrgyzstan.€€Failure€to€execute€judicial€decisions€which€have€acquired€legalÐ P*Ü". Ðforce€or€interference€in€the€work€of€the€courts€entails€liability€as€specifiedÐ +ž#/ Ðby€law.Ð Ô+`$0 ÐÌÌÐ .¦&3 Ðà@ÐÐìàC.€€GENERAL€LEGAL€FRAMEWORK€FOR€THE€PROTECTION€OF€HUMAN€RIGHTSˆÐ t ÐÌ36.à ` àòòLaw€enforcement€agenciesóó.€€The€work€of€the€law€enforcement€agencies€isÐ ø„ Ðbased€on€unconditional€compliance€with€the€laws€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€and€withÐ º F Ðinternational€treaties€on€citizens'€rights,€freedoms€and€lawful€interests.€€LawÐ |  Ðenforcement€in€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€is€carried€out€by€special€organs€whichÐ > Ê Ðinclude€the€Office€of€the€Procurator,€the€Ministry€of€Internal€Affairs€and€itsÐ  Œ Ðsubsidiary€organs,€the€Ministry€of€National€Security,€the€Ministry€of€JusticeÐ  N Ðand€lawyers.Ð „  ÐÌ37.à ` àThe€Office€of€the€Procurator€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€is€a€State€body€withinÐ ”  Ðthe€executive€branch€which€verifies€that€legislative€instruments€are€strictlyÐ ÊV  Ðand€uniformly€observed€by€local€self„government€bodies,€ministries,€StateÐ Œ  Ðcommittees,€administrative€departments€and€other€government€organs,€local€StateÐ NÚ  Ðadministrations,€social€organizations,€officials,€businesses,€irrespective€ofÐ œ  Ðtheir€form€of€ownership,€and€citizens.Ð Ò^  ÐÌ38.à ` àThe€Ministry€of€Internal€Affairs€is€an€armed€State€law€enforcement€bodyÐ Vâ  Ðwhich€performs€executive€and€administrative€functions€connected€with€theÐ ¤  Ðmaintenance€of€public€order,€the€protection€of€personal€and€public€safety€andÐ Úf Ðcrime€control.Ð œ( ÐÌ39.à ` àThe€Ministry€of€Justice€is€the€primary€State€administrative€body€forÐ  ¬ Ðimplementing€the€State's€legal€policy€as€regards€the€protection€of€the€rightsÐ ân Ðand€lawful€interests€of€citizens€and€legal€persons,€irrespective€of€their€formÐ ¤0 Ðof€ownership.Ð fò ÐÌ40.à ` àThe€Ministry€of€National€Security:€€National€security€organs€are€part€ofÐ êv Ðthe€executive€branch€and€their€mission€is€to€prevent€harm€to€the€security€ofÐ ¬8 Ðthe€Kyrgyz€Republic;€within€the€limits€of€the€powers€entrusted€to€them,€theyÐ nú Ðensure€personal,€public€and€State€security€and€expose,€prevent€and€suppressÐ 0¼ Ðespionage€and€subversion€by€foreign€intelligence€services€and€organizations.Ð ò~ ÐÌ41.à ` àLawyers€help€to€protect€the€rights€and€lawful€interests€of€citizens€andÐ v ! Ðorganizations;€they€facilitate€the€administration€of€justice€and€the€observanceÐ 8!Ä" Ðand€strengthening€of€the€law.€€They€mainly:€€advise€on€and€elucidate€legalÐ ú!†# Ðmatters;€represent€clients€before€the€courts€and€other€State€organs€in€civilÐ ¼"H$ Ðand€administrative€cases;€and€draft€applications,€appeals€and€other€legalÐ ~# % Ðdocuments.Ð @$Ì& ÐÌ42.à ` àNo€one€may€be€arrested€or€detained€except€as€prescribed€by€the€law.€€AnyÐ Ä%P( Ðaction€that€tends€to€attribute€guilt€for€an€offence€before€a€verdict€has€beenÐ †&) Ðpronounced€by€a€court€is€inadmissible€and€constitutes€grounds€for€the€award€ofÐ H'Ô* Ðmaterial€and€moral€damages€to€the€aggrieved€party€through€the€intermediary€ofÐ  (– + Ðthe€courts.Ð Ì(X!, ÐÌ43.à ` àThe€rules€enshrined€in€the€Constitution€conform€to€the€provisions€of€theÐ P*Ü". ÐUniversal€Declaration€of€Human€Rights€and€the€international€covenants€and€otherÐ +ž#/ Ðinstruments€in€the€field€of€human€rights.€€Under€national€law,€all€KyrgyzÐ Ô+`$0 Ðcitizens€are€equally€entitled€to€the€protection€of€their€rights€and€freedomsÐ –,"%1 Ðwithout€distinction€as€to€their€national€or€social€origin,€sex,€language,Ð X-ä%2 Ðpolitical€or€other€opinions,€religion,€place€of€residence,€property€or€Ô_ÔanyÐ .¦&3 Ðother€factors.€€Judicial€protection€of€rights€and€freedoms€is€guaranteed:Ð t Ðconsequently,€citizens€are€entitled€to€seek€redress€through€the€courts€if€theyÐ 6 Ðfeel€that€their€rights€have€been€violated.Ð ø„ ÐÌà ` àòòSpecial€organs€for€human€rights€protectionóóÐ |  ÐÌ44.à ` àIn€order€to€create€effective€machinery€for€the€protection€of€human€rightsÐ  Œ Ðand€to€assist€the€President€in€exercising€his€constitutional€powers€asÐ  N Ðguarantor€of€human€and€civil€rights€and€freedoms,€a€Human€Rights€CommissionÐ „  Ðreporting€to€the€President€of€the€Ô_ÔKyrgyzÔ_Ô€Republic€was€set€up€by€presidentialÐ FÒ  Ðdecree€on€5€July€1997.Ð ”  ÐÌà ` àThe€State€Commission€for€the€Family€and€Women,€which€reports€to€the€Ô_ÔKyrgyzÔ_ÔÐ Œ  ÐGovernment,€was€established€in€1996.€€The€Commission€is€involved€in€theÐ NÚ  Ðimplementation€of€priority€measures€to€resolve€the€most€pressing€issues€facingÐ œ  Ðwomen€and€deals€with€their€rights€and€freedoms.Ð Ò^  ÐÌà ` àA€Commission€for€Minors€has€been€established€within€the€Ô_ÔKyrgyzÔ_Ô€Government.€Ð Vâ  ÐSimilar€bodies€have€been€formed€in€the€regions.Ð ¤  ÐÌ45.à ` àOrgans€to€deal€with€the€problems€facing€families,€women€and€childrenÐ œ( Ðoperate€at€all€levels€in€the€Ô_ÔKyrgyzÔ_Ô€Republic.€€A€Human€Rights€Committee€and€aÐ ^ê ÐCommission€on€Education,€Women,€the€Family€and€Youth€work€within€theÐ  ¬ ÐLegislative€Assembly€of€the€Ô_ÔZhogorkuÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔKeneshÔ_Ô.Ð ân ÐÌ46.à ` àA€great€many€non„governmental€organizations€(over€800)€involved€in€theÐ fò Ðdefence€of€human€rights€are€currently€active€in€Ô_ÔKyrgyzstanÔ_Ô.€€Many€of€themÐ (´ Ðprovide€the€public€with€information€about€the€rights€and€freedoms€guaranteedÐ êv Ðunder€the€Constitution€and€international€human€rights€instruments.Ð ¬8 ÐÌ47.à ` àFor€the€purposes€of€drafting€and€submitting€to€the€relevant€United€NationsÐ 0¼ Ðbodies€Ô_ÔKyrgyzstanÔ_Ô's€initial€reports€on€legislative,€administrative€and€otherÐ ò~ Ðmeasures€undertaken€by€the€Government€to€fulfil€international€conventions€onÐ ´@  Ðhuman€rights,€the€Government€issued€an€ordinance€on€27€June€1997€establishingÐ v ! Ðan€interdepartmental€commission€entrusted€with€the€preparation€of€nationalÐ 8!Ä" Ðreports€on€Ô_ÔKyrgyzstanÔ_Ô's€compliance€with€human€rights€conventions.Ð ú!†# ÐÌà ` àòòConstitutional€protection€of€civil€and€political€rightsóóÐ ~# % ÐÌ48.à ` àThe€basic€law€is€the€Constitution€of€the€Ô_ÔKyrgyzÔ_Ô€Republic,€adopted€by€theÐ %Ž' ÐÔ_ÔZhogorkuÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔKeneshÔ_Ô€in€1993,€as€amended€and€supplemented€on€17€February€1996.€€ItÐ Ä%P( Ðcontains€a€special€section€outlining€the€rights€and€freedoms€of€the€individualÐ †&) Ðand€the€duties€of€citizens.Ð H'Ô* ÐÌ49.à ` àArticle€16€of€the€Constitution€recognizes€and€guarantees€the€fundamentalÐ Ì(X!, Ðhuman€rights€and€freedoms€in€accordance€with€universally€accepted€principlesÐ Ž)"- Ðand€rules€of€international€law€and€the€inter„State€treaties€and€agreements€onÐ P*Ü". Ðhuman€rights€which€have€been€ratified€by€the€Ô_ÔKyrgyzÔ_Ô€Republic.€€Every€person€inÐ +ž#/ Ðthe€Ô_ÔKyrgyzÔ_Ô€Republic€enjoys€the€rights€to:€€life,€physical€and€moral€immunity;Ð Ô+`$0 Ðpersonal€freedom€and€security;€free€development€of€the€personality;€freedom€ofÐ –,"%1 Ðreligion,€spiritual€life€and€worship;€free€expression€and€dissemination€ofÐ X-ä%2 Ðthoughts,€ideas€and€opinions;€freedom€of€literary,€artistic,€scientific€andÐ .¦&3 Ðtechnical€self„expression;€freedom€of€the€press€and€of€transmission€andÐ t Ðdissemination€of€information;€freedom€of€movement€and€to€choose€one's€abode€orÐ 6 Ðplace€of€residence€anywhere€in€the€territory€of€the€Ô_ÔKyrgyzÔ_Ô€Republic;€freedom€toÐ ø„ Ðtravel€abroad€and€to€return€without€hindrance;€freedom€of€association€and€ofÐ º F Ðpeaceful€unarmed€assembly,€to€hold€rallies€and€demonstrations;€inviolability€ofÐ |  Ðthe€home;€freedom€and€privacy€of€correspondence;€dignity,€freedom€in€privateÐ > Ê Ðlife€and€personal€and€family€privacy;€private€postal,€telephone€and€telegraphÐ  Œ Ðcommunications;€the€right€to€own€property€and€to€possess,€use€and€administer€itÐ  N Ðat€one's€own€discretion;€economic€freedom,€free€use€of€one's€abilities€andÐ „  Ðproperty€for€any€type€of€economic€activity;€freedom€of€labour€and€free€choiceÐ FÒ  Ðof€one's€occupation€or€profession.Ð ”  ÐÌà ` àThe€enumeration€of€rights€and€freedoms€in€the€Constitution€must€not€beÐ Œ  Ðinterpreted€as€negating€or€diminishing€other€universally€recognized€humanÐ NÚ  Ðrights€and€freedoms.€€Ð œ  ÐÌ50.à ` àOn€12€January€1994,€the€Ô_ÔZhogorkuÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔKeneshÔ_Ô€adopted€a€decision€on€accession€toÐ ”  Ðthe€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€and€the€InternationalÐ Vâ  ÐCovenant€on€Economic,€Social€and€Cultural€Rights€which€necessitated€theÐ ¤  Ðadoption€of€a€number€of€measures€to€create€the€legal€machinery€for€implementingÐ Úf Ðthe€provisions€of€the€Covenant.€€These€measures€include€the€enactment€of€newÐ œ( Ðlaws,€the€amendment€of€existing€ones€and€the€drafting€of€regulatory€andÐ ^ê Ðnormative€instruments€to€govern€the€activities€of€State€organs€for€theÐ  ¬ Ðprotection€of€civil€and€political€rights.Ð ân ÐÌ51.à ` àThe€Constitution€of€the€Ô_ÔKyrgyzÔ_Ô€Republic€stipulates€that€inter„StateÐ fò Ðtreaties€and€other€rules€of€international€law€ratified€by€the€Ô_ÔKyrgyzÔ_Ô€RepublicÐ (´ Ðare€an€integral€and€directly€applicable€part€of€Ô_ÔKyrgyzÔ_Ô€law.€€The€Ô_ÔKyrgyzÔ_ÔÐ êv ÐRepublic€recognizes€the€principles€and€rules€of€international€law€and€hasÐ ¬8 Ðsigned€international€treaties€and€agreements€on€human€rights,€which€areÐ nú Ðreflected€in€domestic€legislation.€€All€the€necessary€steps€are€being€taken€toÐ 0¼ Ðensure€that€the€law€not€only€proclaims€human€rights€but€also€protects€them.€Ð ò~ ÐÌ52.à ` àThe€content€of€the€measures€to€implement€international€human€rightsÐ v ! Ðtreaties€is€set€out€in€the€pertinent€sections€of€this€report.€€Draft€laws€andÐ 8!Ä" Ðframework€documents€which€take€account€of€State€policy€for€the€protection€ofÐ ú!†# Ðcivil€and€political€rights€have€been€elaborated.Ð ¼"H$ ÐÌ53.à ` àOne€of€the€challenges€in€building€a€State€based€on€the€rule€of€law€in€theÐ @$Ì& ÐÔ_ÔKyrgyzÔ_Ô€Republic€is€to€adopt€legislative€texts€and€measures€for€theirÐ %Ž' Ðapplication€that€take€account€of€universally€recognized€standards€in€the€fieldÐ Ä%P( Ðof€human€rights.€€International€human€rights€instruments€are€taken€into€accountÐ †&) Ðin€elaborating€new€legislation€in€Ô_ÔKyrgyzstanÔ_Ô.€€Representatives€of€internationalÐ H'Ô* Ðand€non„governmental€organizations€are€enlisted€as€experts€when€new€legislationÐ  (– + Ðis€being€drafted€in€Ô_ÔKyrgyzstanÔ_Ô.Ð Ì(X!, ÐÌà ` àThe€legal€reforms€under€way€in€Ô_ÔKyrgyzstanÔ_Ô€envisage€the€incorporation€ofÐ P*Ü". Ðinalienable€human€rights€and€the€security€and€legal€protection€of€individualsÐ +ž#/ Ðin€new€Ô_ÔKyrgyzÔ_Ô€legislation.Ð Ô+`$0 ÐÌ54.à ` àThe€following€new€laws€have€been€enacted€in€Ô_ÔKyrgyzstanÔ_Ô€on€the€basis€ofÐ X-ä%2 Ðinternational€human€rights€standards:Ð .¦&3 ÐÔ_Ô‡à ` àThe€Civil€Code€(Parts€1€and€2)Ð t ÐÌà ` àThe€Criminal€CodeÐ ø„ ÐÌà ` àThe€Labour€CodeÐ |  ÐÌà ` àThe€Consumer€Protection€Act.Ð  Œ ÐÌ55.à ` àAlthough€the€requirements€of€the€Covenant,€both€in€spirit€and€in€€Ð „  Ðcontent,€have€been€met€by€the€improvement€of€the€overall€statutory€framework€Ð FÒ  Ðand€the€adoption€of€a€number€of€laws€and€other€legal€instruments€from€1994€toÐ ”  Ð1997,€the€system€for€ensuring€the€legal€protection€of€citizens€is€stillÐ ÊV  Ðinadequate.€€The€main€reason€is€that€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€still€lacks€a€uniformÐ Œ  ÐState€policy€for€the€integrated€solution€of€all€problems€relating€to€humanÐ NÚ  Ðrights.Ð œ  ÐÌà ` àòòHuman€rights€protection€on€the€basis€of€international€standardsóóÐ ”  ÐÌ56.à ` àSince€gaining€its€sovereignty,€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€has€acceded€toÐ ¤  Ð22international€human€rights€treaties€within€the€framework€of€the€UnitedÐ Úf ÐNations€and€its€specialized€agencies:Ð œ( ÐÌà ` à1.à L àThe€1989€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child;Ð  ¬ ÐÌà ` à2.à L àThe€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights;Ð ¤0 ÐÌà ` à3.à L àThe€International€Covenant€on€Economic,€Social€and€Cultural€Rights;Ð (´ ÐÌà ` à4.à L àThe€Optional€Protocol€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Ð ¬8 Ðà ` àPolitical€Rights;Ð nú ÐÌà ` à5.à L àThe€International€Labour€Organization€Convention€concerning€Migrant€Ð ò~ Ðà ` àWorkers;Ð ´@  ÐÌà ` à6.à L àThe€International€Labour€Organization€Convention€concerning€Equality€Ð 8!Ä" Ðà ` àof€Treatment€of€Nationals€and€Non„Nationals€in€Social€Security;€Ð ú!†# ÐÌà ` à7.à L àThe€International€Labour€Organization€Convention€concerning€the€Ð ~# % Ðà0 ` àEstablishment€of€an€International€System€for€the€Maintenance€of€Rights€inÐ @$Ì& ÐSocial€Security;Ð%Ž'`r#`r# ÐÌà ` à8.à L àThe€Convention€against€Discrimination€in€Education;Ð †&) ÐÌà ` à9.à L àThe€Convention€and€Protocol€relating€to€the€Status€of€Refugees;Ð  (– + ÐÌà ` à10.à L àThe€Convention€of€18€December€1979€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€ofÐ Ž)"- Ðà ` àDiscrimination€against€Women€(entered€into€force€on€3€September€1981);Ð P*Ü". ÐÌà ` à11.à L àThe€Convention€of€20€December€1952€on€the€Political€Rights€of€Women€Ð Ô+`$0 Ðà ` à(entered€into€force€on€7€July€1954);Ð –,"%1 Ðâ âÐ X-ä%2 Ðà ` à12.à L àThe€Convention€of€7€November€1962€on€Consent€to€Marriage,€Minimum€AgeÐ t Ðâ âà0 ` àfor€Marriage€and€Registration€of€Marriages€(entered€into€force€onÐ 6 Ð9December1964);Ðø„`r#`r# ÐÌà ` à13.à L àThe€Convention€of€29€January€1957€on€the€Nationality€of€Married€WomenÐ |  Ðà ` à(entered€into€force€on€11€August€1958);Ð > Ê ÐÌà ` à14.à L àConvention€No.€103€of€28€June€1952€concerning€Maternity€Protection€Ð  N Ðà ` à(revised€1952)€(entered€into€force€on€7€September€1955);Ð „  ÐÌà ` à15.à L àThe€International€Convention€against€Apartheid€in€Sports€(entered€Ð ”  Ðà ` àinto€force€on€10€December€1958);Ð ÊV  ÐÌà ` à16.à L àThe€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Ð NÚ  Ðà ` àTreatment€or€Punishment€(entered€into€force€on€26€June€1987);Ð œ  ÐÌà ` à17.à L àThe€Convention€for€the€Suppression€of€the€Traffic€in€Persons€and€the€Ð ”  Ðà ` àExploitation€of€the€Prostitution€of€Others;Ð Vâ  ÐÌà ` à18.à L àThe€International€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€Ð Úf Ðà ` àRacial€Discrimination€(entered€into€force€on€4€January€1969);Ð œ( ÐÌà ` à19.à L àThe€Convention€on€the€Prevention€and€Punishment€of€the€Crime€of€Ð  ¬ Ðà ` àGenocide€(entered€into€force€on€1€January€1961);Ð ân ÐÌà ` à20.à L àThe€Slavery€Convention€signed€at€Geneva€on€25€September€1926€and€the€Ð fò Ðà ` àProtocol€amending€it€(entered€into€force€on€7€December€1953);Ð (´ ÐÌà ` à21.à L àThe€Supplementary€Convention€on€the€Abolition€of€Slavery,€the€Slave€Ð ¬8 Ðà0 ` àTrade€and€Institutions€and€Practices€Similar€to€Slavery€(entered€intoÐ nú Ðforce€on€30April1957);Ð0¼`r#`r# ÐÌà ` à22.à L àThe€International€Convention€on€the€Suppression€and€Punishment€of€theÐ ´@  Ðà ` àCrime€of€Apartheid.Ð v ! ÐÌà ` àIn€addition,€Kyrgyzstan€is€a€party€to€human€rights€treaties€within€theÐ ú!†# Ðframework€of€the€Commonwealth€of€Independent€States€(CIS).Ð ¼"H$ ÐÌà ` àòòInformation€and€publicityóóÐ @$Ì& ÐÌ57.à ` àArticle€41€of€the€Constitution€states€that€the€publication€of€laws€andÐ Ä%P( Ðother€normative€instruments€concerning€the€rights,€freedoms€and€duties€ofÐ †&) Ðindividuals€and€citizens€shall€be€a€mandatory€condition€of€their€application.Ð H'Ô* ÐÌà ` àThe€Kyrgyz€Government€is€endeavouring€to€raise€public€awareness€on€aÐ Ì(X!, Ðnumber€of€matters€relating€to€the€human€rights€and€freedoms€guaranteed€toÐ Ž)"- Ðcitizens€under€the€Constitution€and€the€various€international€treaties,Ð P*Ü". Ðincluding€the€Covenant,€to€which€Kyrgyzstan€is€a€party.Ð +ž#/ ÐÌ58.à ` àMost€of€the€work€of€disseminating€information€to€the€public€on€theÐ –,"%1 Ðprinciples€and€provisions€of€international€human€rights€instruments€is€carriedÐ X-ä%2 Ðout€by€the€Government,€the€Commission€for€the€Family,€Women€and€Youth,€theÐ .¦&3 ÐMinistry€of€Justice,€the€Ministry€of€Foreign€Affairs,€the€Ministry€ofÐ t ÐEducation,€Science€and€Culture,€the€Ministry€of€Health,€the€State€TelevisionÐ 6 Ðand€Radio€Broadcasting€Company,€other€ministries€and€administrative€departmentsÐ ø„ Ðdirectly€concerned€and€non„governmental€organizations.Ð º F ÐÌ59.à ` àThe€International€Committee€of€the€Red€Cross€is€financing€the€publicationÐ > Ê Ðfor€a€mass€readership€of€a€textbook€entitled€òòChelovek€i€obshchestvoóó€(TheÐ  Œ ÐIndividual€and€Society).€€In€addition€to€providing€essential€educationalÐ  N Ðmaterial,€it€outlines€the€main€concepts€of€international€humanitarian€law.Ð „  ÐÌà ` àThe€texts€of€the€international€treaties€ratified€by€the€Kyrgyz€RepublicÐ ”  Ðhave€been€published€in€the€Gazette€of€the€Zhogorku€Kenesh€(Supreme€Council).Ð ÊV  ÐÌà ` àThe€texts€of€all€the€conventions€ratified€have€been€translated€into€theÐ NÚ  Ðofficial€State€language€and€the€national€languages€of€the€Republic€(includingÐ œ  ÐRussian€and€Uzbek).Ð Ò^  ÐÌà ` àA€series€of€digests€on€human€rights€issues€has€been€published€inÐ Vâ  ÐKyrgyzstan€and€the€compilations€of€international€human€rights€instrumentsÐ ¤  Ðpublished€by€the€United€Nations€have€been€widely€disseminated.Ð Úf ÐÌà ` àKyrgyz€non„governmental€organizations€regularly€publish€newsletters€Ð ^ê Ðconcerning€the€human€rights€situation€in€Kyrgyzstan,€for€example€òòSredstvaÐ  ¬ Ðmassovoi€informatsii:€€zakonodatelstvo€i€praktikaóó€(The€Mass€Media:€€Law€andÐ ân ÐPractice).Ð ¤0 ÐÌ60.à ` àHuman€rights€are€taught€in€many€universities€and€schools€as€part€of€theÐ (´ Ðgeneral€education€curriculum.Ð êv ÐÌ61.à ` àTo€enhance€the€skills€of€judges,€the€Kyrgyz€judiciary€is€engaged€inÐ nú Ðsetting€up€an€authority€to€teach€local„court€judges€how€to€use€modern€officeÐ 0¼ Ðequipment,€familiarize€them€with€changes€in€the€law,€and€so€on.€€Efforts€areÐ ò~ Ðenvisaged€to€acquaint€judges€with€the€United€Nations€treaties€ratified€byÐ ´@  ÐKyrgyzstan,€specifically€in€the€field€of€human€rights.€€Ð v ! ÐÌ62.à ` àTo€foster€the€implementation€of€the€international€human€rights€instrumentsÐ ú!†# Ðthat€have€been€ratified,€seminars€are€regularly€held€in€Kyrgyzstan€forÐ ¼"H$ Ðrepresentatives€of€State€organs€and€of€judicial€bodies€and€members€of€theÐ ~# % Ðpublic.€€The€following€seminars€may€be€cited:Ð @$Ì& ÐÌà ` à„à L à"International€human€rights€standards€and€their€domesticÐ Ä%P( Ðimplementation",€a€seminar€organized€in€Bishkek€from€25€to€28€November€1996€byÐ †&) Ðthe€International€Commission€of€Jurists€and€the€Constitutional€Court€of€theÐ H'Ô* ÐKyrgyz€Republic,€with€the€participation€of€members€of€the€judiciary,€lawyers,Ð  (– + Ðrepresentatives€of€government€bodies€and€non„governmental€organizations;Ð Ì(X!, ÐÌà ` à„à L à"Human€rights:€€national€institutions€and€mechanisms",€a€round€tableÐ P*Ü". Ðorganized€in€Bishkek€on€9€April€1997€by€the€Ministry€of€Foreign€Affairs€ofÐ +ž#/ ÐKyrgyzstan€with€the€participation€of€representatives€of€the€Organization€forÐ Ô+`$0 ÐSecurity€and€Cooperation€in€Europe€(OSCE),€the€Ombudsman€of€Poland,€KyrgyzÐ –,"%1 Ðgovernment€bodies€and€non„governmental€organizations;Ð X-ä%2 ÐÐ .¦&3 Ðà ` à„à L à"Journalism€and€the€law",€an€international€seminar€held€from€22€toÐ t Ð24April€1997,€organized€by€the€Soros„Kyrgyzstan€Foundation€and€theÐ 6 ÐKyrgyz-American€Bureau€on€Human€Rights€and€Rule€of€Law,€with€special€emphasisÐ ø„ Ðon€protection€of€the€rights€of€journalists€and€freedom€of€the€mass€media;Ð º F ÐÌà ` à„à L à"The€constitutional€dimension€of€legal€reforms€and€the€legal€system",Ð > Ê Ða€seminar€in€Bishkek€from€17€to€18€June€organized€by€the€Council€of€EuropeÐ  Œ Ðtogether€with€OSCE's€Office€for€Democratic€Institutions€and€Human€Rights€andÐ  N Ðthe€Kyrgyz€Ministry€of€Foreign€Affairs€and€Ministry€of€Justice;Ð „  ÐÌà ` à„à L àA€workshop€held€in€Bishkek€from€13€to€15€October€1997€on€theÐ ”  Ðsubmission€to€human€rights€treaty€bodies€of€State€party€reports€and€individualÐ ÊV  Ðcomplaints.€€It€was€organized€jointly€by€the€Ministry€for€Foreign€Affairs€andÐ Œ  Ðthe€International€Commission€of€Jurists€and€attended€by€representatives€of€theÐ NÚ  Ðgovernment€bodies€involved€in€the€preparation€of€reports€and€ofÐ œ  Ðnon-governmental€organizations.Ð Ò^  ÐÌÌà ` àà@¸ ¸ &ìàòòInformation€relating€to€the€implementationóóˆÐ ¤  Ðà@² ² )ìàòòof€articles€1€to€16€of€the€ConventionóóˆÐ Úf ÐÌà ` àòòArticle€1óóÐ ^ê ÐÌ63.à ` àThe€Constitution€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€(art.€15)€prohibits€discriminationÐ ân Ðagainst€women€in€the€political,€economic,€social,€cultural€and€civil€spheres.€Ð ¤0 ÐÌà ` àIt€is€well€known,€however,€that€hidden€forms€of€discrimination€againstÐ (´ Ðwomen€exist€in€all€States,€and€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€is€no€exception.Ð êv ÐÌ64.€€Women€make€up€51€per€cent€of€the€population,€numbering€2.3€million.Ð nú ÐAccording€to€information€from€the€National€Statistics€Committee,€from€1994€toÐ 0¼ Ð1997€the€number€of€permanent€residents€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic,€disaggregated€byÐ ò~ Ðsex,€was€as€follows:Ð ´@  ÐÌÔ*ƒƒ&' ddd Xdd Xdd Xfr#fr#ƒÔÔ, dd ÔÔ,›dd ÔÔ,›dd ÔÔ,›dd ÔÔ,›dd ÔÔ+  ÔÐ 4€('8!Ä"8!Ä €C€‚€‚ƒƒ„„4ÐÐ 0€)#¸!D#( „„0Ѐ€€1994Ð 0€*#¸!D$) „„0Ѐ€€1995Ð 0€+#¸!D%* „„0Ѐ€€€1996Ð 0€,#¸!D&+ „„0Ѐ€€€1997Ð H€-;#¸!D' € C , €€‚€‚ƒƒ„„HÐTotal€populationÐ Þ"j( ÐMen€and€womenÐ 0€.# #,)- „„0ÐÌ€€4€429.9Ð 0€/# #,+. „„0ÐÌ€€4€450.7Ð 0€0# #,-/ „„0ÐÌ€€€4€512.4Ð 0€1# #,/0 „„0ÐÌ€€€4€574.1Ð E;# #,1 €  1 €;€‚x‚ƒƒ„„EÐMenÐ  ¾$J2 „„Ѐ€2€184.6Ð  ¾$J3 „„Ѐ€2€193.7Ð  ¾$J4 „„Ѐ€€2€226.6Ð  ¾$J5 „„Ѐ€€2€258.2Ð 6,¾$J6 x ; €;€‚x‚ƒƒ„„6Ð%€of€totalÐ  Ü%h7 „„Ѐ€49.3Ð  Ü%h8 „„Ѐ€49.3Ð  Ü%h9 „„Ѐ€€49.3Ð  Ü%h: „„Ѐ€€49.4Ð 6,Ü%h; x ; €;€‚x‚ƒƒ„„6ÐWomenÐ  ú&†< „„Ѐ€2€245.3Ð  ú&†= „„Ѐ€2€257.0Ð  ú&†> „„Ѐ€€2€285.8Ð  ú&†? „„Ѐ€€2€315.9Ð =€2,ú&†@ x ; €C€‚x‚ƒƒ„„=Ð%€of€totalÐ 4€3#(¤ A2 „„4Ѐ€50.7Ð 4€4#(¤ B3 „„4Ѐ€50.7Ð 4€5#(¤ C4 „„4Ѐ€€50.7Ð 4€6#(¤ D5 „„4Ѐ€€50.6Ð3)'(¤ E x C  6 3ÐÑ€7ÑÌÌ65.€€Women€represent€58€per€cent€of€the€total€number€of€persons€officiallyÐ f*ò"G Ðregistered€as€unemployed.€€There€is€a€particularly€acute€shortage€of€jobs€inÐ (+´#H Ðrural€areas.Ð ê+v$I ÐÌà ` àWomen's€participation€in€decision„making€in€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€hasÐ n-ú%K Ðgreatly€decreased€since€Soviet€times,€though€it€remains€fairly€high€accordingÐ 0.¼&L ÐÑ7Ñâ 7âÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRXì3Ø'Letter (Portrait)Xì3Ø'3Ø'Avery 8463 Ink Jet ShippiàòòInformation€and€3Ø'Avery 8463 Ink Jet ShippiXà3Ø' LTÑâ 7âÑ  Ñto€international€experts.€€Of€the€105€deputies€in€the€Zhogorku€KeneshÐ t Ð(Parliament),€only€4€(4.7€per€cent)€are€women.€€At€the€regional€level,Ð 6 Ð14percent€of€the€deputies€are€women.Ð ø„ ÐÌà ` àDuring€privatization,€the€interests€of€women€were€not€fully€taken€intoÐ |  Ðaccount€in€the€distribution€of€livestock,€land,€agricultural€inputs€and€tradingÐ > Ê Ðposts.€€According€to€statistics,€37.9€per€cent€of€the€privatized€land€is€in€theÐ  Œ Ðhands€of€women€farmers,€but€they€lack€the€necessary€agricultural€inputs€andÐ  N Ðfertilizer€to€cultivate€it.€€There€are€cases€of€women€working€with€equipmentÐ „  Ðthat€fails€to€meet€safety€standards,€and€heavy€physical€labour€for€women,€bothÐ FÒ  Ðin€industry€and€in€agriculture,€has€not€become€a€thing€of€the€past.Ð ”  ÐÌà ` àBecause€of€the€collapse€of€the€Soviet€system€of€health€care,€education,Ð Œ  Ðculture€and€consumer€services€and€the€closure€of€plants€in€light€industry€Ð NÚ  Ð(cut„backs€in€the€purely€feminine€spheres€of€activity)€relatively€skilled€womenÐ œ  Ðworkers€now€have€to€take€jobs€for€unskilled€workers€that€endanger€their€healthÐ Ò^  Ð(the€number€of€women€in€small„€and€medium„sized€business,€narcotics€traffickingÐ ”  Ðand€prostitution€has€increased).Ð Vâ  ÐÌ66.à ` àUrgent€measures€have€been€adopted€by€the€President€and€the€Government€toÐ Úf Ðcope€with€the€dramatic€decline€in€the€situation€of€women€during€theÐ œ( Ðtransitional€period€and€to€acknowledge€the€rise€of€the€women's€movement.Ð ^ê ÐÌà ` àBy€Presidential€decree,€1996€was€proclaimed€Women's€Year,€and€inÐ ân ÐMarch1996€a€State€Committee€of€the€Government€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€for€theÐ ¤0 ÐFamily,€Women€and€Youth€was€set€up.Ð fò ÐÌ67.à ` àThe€State€Committee€is€called€upon€to€carry€out€policy€on€the€family,Ð êv Ðwomen€and€youth€and€to€interact€with€ministries,€administrative€departments,Ð ¬8 Ðlocal€administrations€and€social€organizations.€€As€part€of€its€activities,€theÐ nú ÐCommittee:Ð 0¼ ÐÌà ` à„à L àelaborates€and€applies€State€and€national€programmes€for€genderÐ ´@  Ðequity€in€respect€of€the€family,€women€and€young€people€and€for€the€overallÐ v ! Ðadvancement€of€young€people;Ð 8!Ä" ÐÌà ` à„à L àinteracts€with€other€organizations,€groups€and€movements€concernedÐ ¼"H$ Ðwith€matters€of€the€family,€women€and€young€people;Ð ~# % ÐÌà ` à„à L àcooperates€with€international€organizations€and€movements€which,€inÐ %Ž' Ðthe€territory€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic,€engage€in€activities€relating€to€theÐ Ä%P( Ðfamily,€women€and€young€people;Ð †&) ÐÌà ` à„à L àassists€non„governmental€organizations€that€work€to€benefit€women€andÐ  (– + Ðyoung€people.Ð Ì(X!, ÐÌà ` àThe€State€Committee's€activities€do€not€duplicate€the€efforts€of€socialÐ P*Ü". Ðand€cultural€ministries€and€departments€within€the€Government.€€The€StateÐ +ž#/ ÐCommittee€is€divided€into€three€sections:€€organization€and€methodology,Ð Ô+`$0 Ðinformation€and€analysis€and€young€people's€affairs.€€The€staff€of€regionalÐ –,"%1 Ðâ âadministrations€includes€specialists€on€problems€experienced€by€the€family,Ð X-ä%2 Ðwomen€and€young€people,€but€for€lack€of€financial€resources,€these€posts€areÐ t Ðnot€remunerated€and€their€incumbents€work€on€a€voluntary€basis.Ð 6 Ðâ âÌà ` àRegional€Centres€for€Women's€Initiatives€were€set€up€in€all€six€regions€ofÐ º F Ðthe€Republic€in€1997€on€the€initiative€of€the€State€Committee€and€with€theÐ |  Ðsupport€of€UNDP€in€order€to€establish€a€vertical€structure€for€effectiveÐ > Ê Ðregional€resolution€of€women's€problems.€€The€Centres€are€registered€with€theÐ  Œ ÐMinistry€of€Justice€as€non„governmental€organizations.€€They€facilitate€theÐ  N Ðregional€implementation€of€the€national€programme€"Ayalzat",€promoteÐ „  Ðinterdepartmental€interaction€in€the€solution€of€the€problems€of€women,€theÐ FÒ  Ðfamily€and€children,€establish€contacts€with€international€organizations€andÐ ”  Ðassist€in€the€work€of€women's€non„governmental€organizations,€the€communities,Ð ÊV  Ðwomen€entrepreneurs€and€farmers.€€Since€their€establishment,€these€regionalÐ Œ  ÐCentres€for€Women's€Initiatives€have€done€good€work,€submitting€yearly€reportsÐ NÚ  Ðon€their€activities€to€the€State€Committee.Ð œ  ÐÌ68.à ` àIn€1996,€the€President€approved€the€national€programme€"Ayalzat",€modelledÐ ”  Ðon€the€Beijing€Platform€for€Action.€€The€Government€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€hasÐ Vâ  Ðadopted€a€comprehensive€plan€of€measures€to€carry€out€the€national€programme€inÐ ¤  Ðthe€years€1997€to€2000.€€The€plan€has€11€objectives:Ð Úf ÐÌà ` à1.à L àImprovement€of€legislative€and€normative€instruments;Ð ^ê ÐÌà ` à2.à L àDevelopment€of€institutional€mechanisms€for€the€advancement€of€women;Ð ân ÐÌà ` à3.à L àEducation€and€enhancement€of€functional€literacy€for€women;Ð fò ÐÌà ` à4.à L àProtection€of€women's€health.€€Reduction€of€maternal€and€infant€Ð êv Ðà ` àmortality;Ð ¬8 ÐÌà ` à5.à L àWomen€and€the€economy,€overcoming€poverty;Ð 0¼ ÐÌà ` à6.à L àWomen€in€power€and€decision„making€at€the€political,€legislative€and€Ð ´@  Ðà ` àexecutive€levels;Ð v ! ÐÌà ` à7.à L àCreation€of€special€programmes€to€support€the€girl€child;Ð ú!†# ÐÌà ` à8.à L àReduction€of€all€forms€of€violence€against€women.€€Women€and€armed€Ð ~# % Ðà ` àconflict;Ð @$Ì& ÐÌà ` à9.à L àWomen€and€the€media;Ð Ä%P( ÐÌà ` à10.à L àWomen€and€the€environment;Ð H'Ô* ÐÌà ` à11.à L àWomen€in€rural€areas.Ð Ì(X!, ÐÌà ` àThe€measures€planned€in€each€of€these€areas€are€divided€into€immediate„Ð P*Ü". Ðand€long„term€solutions€to€problems€and€the€partners€are€indicated€(ministries,Ð +ž#/ Ðdepartments,€regional€administrations,€non„governmental€organizations).€€TheÐ Ô+`$0 Ðprogramme€is€not€immutable,€but€is€refined€as€the€yearly€plan€is€developed€andÐ –,"%1 Ðimmediate€tasks€carried€out,€taking€into€account€not€only€the€experience€gainedÐ X-ä%2 Ðwith€the€plan€itself€but€also€the€inputs€of€regional€State€administrations,Ð .¦&3 Ðministries€and€departments€and€the€views€of€non„governmental€organizations€forÐ t Ðwomen€and€young€people€and€of€international€organizations€working€for€theÐ 6 Ðadvancement€of€women,€the€family€and€young€people.€€The€funding€required€forÐ ø„ Ðeach€measure€is€indicated€during€the€elaboration€of€the€yearly€plan.€€The€planÐ º F Ðfor€the€current€year,€1998,€was€adjusted€and€new€objectives€relating€to€youngÐ |  Ðpeople€were€added.Ð > Ê ÐÌ69.à ` àAgainst€the€backdrop€of€democratic€transformation€in€Kyrgyzstan,€activismÐ  N Ðin€the€women's€movement€was€intensified.€€According€to€data€from€the€MinistryÐ „  Ðof€Justice,€there€are€currently€more€than€70€women's€non„governmentalÐ FÒ  Ðorganizations,€20€of€them€in€rural€areas.€€They€work€on€various€issues€but€haveÐ ”  Ða€single€goal:€€the€advancement€of€women,€children€and€the€elderly,€defence€ofÐ ÊV  Ðthe€social€rights€of€women€and€helping€women€adapt€to€the€market€economy.Ð Œ  ÐÌà ` àThe€State€Committee€for€the€Family,€Women€and€Youth€has€close€ties€withÐ œ  Ðmany€women's€non„governmental€organizations€and€carries€out€activities€inÐ Ò^  Ðconjunction€with€them.€€The€problems€of€women€in€rural€areas€are€addressedÐ ”  Ðthrough€the€regional€Centres€for€Women's€Initiatives.Ð Vâ  ÐÌà ` àòòArticle€2óóÐ Úf ÐÌ70.à ` àThe€Constitution€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€guarantees€equality€of€men€andÐ ^ê Ðwomen€and€prohibits€discrimination€and€violation€of€rights€and€freedoms€onÐ  ¬ Ðgrounds€of€sex€(art.€15,€para.€3).€€Article€22€of€the€Constitution€provides€forÐ ân Ðthe€application€of€the€laws€on€the€rights€of€citizens€equally€to€all€citizens,Ð ¤0 Ðwith€no€privileges€or€preferences€except€those€provided€for€by€the€ConstitutionÐ fò Ðand€the€legislation€on€social€protection.Ð (´ ÐÌà ` àThe€Criminal€Code€sets€out€penalties€for€infringement€of€the€equality€ofÐ ¬8 Ðcitizens€on€grounds€of€sex€(art.€134).Ð nú ÐÌà ` àThe€laws€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€on€the€rights€and€interests€of€women€areÐ ò~ Ðcontained€in€the€following€instruments:Ð ´@  ÐÌà ` àThe€Constitution€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic;Ð 8!Ä" ÐÌà ` àThe€Labour€Code;Ð ¼"H$ ÐÌà ` àThe€Family€Code;Ð @$Ì& ÐÌà ` àThe€Civil€Code;Ð Ä%P( ÐÌà ` àThe€Criminal€Code;Ð H'Ô* ÐÌà ` àThe€law€on€State€financial€assistance€to€families€with€children;Ð Ì(X!, ÐÌà ` àThe€law€on€protection€of€the€health€of€the€Kyrgyz€people.€Ð P*Ü". ÐÌà ` àThe€Zhogorku€Kenesh€(Parliament)€and€the€Government€give€special€priorityÐ Ô+`$0 Ðto€the€whole€range€of€social€legislation,€among€which€particular€attention€isÐ –,"%1 Ðgiven€to€international€legal€conventions.€€The€Kyrgyz€Republic€has€ratifiedÐ X-ä%2 Ðfive€conventions€on€women.Ð .¦&3 Їà ` àIn€January€1996,€the€Zhogorku€Kenesh€ratified€five€internationalÐ t Ðconventions€on€the€elimination€of€discrimination€against€women:Ð 6 ÐÌà ` à„à L àThe€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€DiscriminationÐ º F Ðagainst€Women;Ð |  ÐÌà ` à„à L àThe€Convention€on€the€Political€Rights€of€Women;Ð  Œ ÐÌà ` à„à L àThe€Convention€on€Consent€to€Marriage,€Minimum€Age€for€Marriage€andÐ „  ÐRegistration€of€Marriage;Ð FÒ  ÐÌà ` à„à L àThe€Convention€on€the€Nationality€of€Married€Women;Ð ÊV  ÐÌà ` à„à L àThe€Convention€concerning€Maternity€Protection.Ð NÚ  ÐÌà ` àThe€State€Committee€for€the€Family,€Women€and€Youth€is€carrying€out€aÐ Ò^  Ðproject€on€gender€analysis€of€the€legislation€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic.€Ð ”  ÐConferences€have€been€held€jointly€with€the€"Diamond"€association€of€juristsÐ Vâ  Ðfor€gender€analysis€of€the€Family€Code,€the€draft€law€on€the€media€and€theÐ ¤  ÐLabour€Code.€€The€results€have€been€summarized€and€sent€to€the€Zhogorku€Kenesh.Ð Úf ÐÌ71.à ` àIn€accordance€with€the€resolution€on€the€State€Committee€of€the€GovernmentÐ ^ê Ðof€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€for€the€Family,€Women€and€Youth,€approved€by€executiveÐ  ¬ Ðdecree€No.€32€of€27€January€1997,€the€State€Committee€is€an€executive€bodyÐ ân Ðestablished€to€implement€the€programme€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€on€the€family,Ð ¤0 Ðwomen€and€young€people.€€The€purposes€and€objectives€of€this€body€are€set€outÐ fò Ðin€paragraph€67€of€this€report.Ð (´ ÐÌ72.à ` àThe€Constitution€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€(art.€15,€para.€4)€stipulates€thatÐ ¬8 Ðthe€human€rights€and€freedoms€enumerated€in€the€Constitution€are€valid€in€theÐ nú ÐKyrgyz€Republic.€€Such€rights€determine€the€meaning,€content€and€application€ofÐ 0¼ Ðthe€law,€must€be€respected€by€the€legislative€and€executive€branches€and€localÐ ò~ Ðself„government€and€are€guaranteed€by€the€judicial€system.€€In€the€practice€ofÐ ´@  Ðcourts€in€the€Kyrgyz€Republic,€there€have€been€no€complaints€by€women€ofÐ v ! Ðdiscrimination€against€them.Ð 8!Ä" ÐÌ73.à ` àFrom€the€legal€standpoint,€the€work€of€women€is€protected€by€manyÐ ¼"H$ Ðregulations,€norms€and€laws€that€prohibit€the€employment€of€women€at€night,€inÐ ~# % Ðhazardous€working€conditions€and€in€hard€manual€labour.€€Many€norms€establishedÐ @$Ì& Ðby€law€are€in€fact€ignored€and€infringed€at€many€private€enterprises€and€firms,Ð %Ž' Ðhowever.Ð Ä%P( ÐÌà ` àWomen€were€not€given€a€fair€share€in€the€privatization€of€public€propertyÐ H'Ô* Ðand€allotment€of€land,€owing€to€the€disproportion€of€men€and€women€in€theÐ  (– + Ðcountry's€occupational€structure,€women's€limited€access€to€technical€andÐ Ì(X!, Ðeconomic€information€and€material€assets€and€their€inadequate€personalÐ Ž)"- Ðfinancial€resources.€€Few€women€became€owners€of€enterprises,€businesses,€farmsÐ P*Ü". Ðor€private€banks.Ð +ž#/ ÐÌ74.à ` àUnder€the€national€programme€"Ayalzat",€measures€are€being€taken€to€copeÐ –,"%1 Ðwith€violence€against€women,€including€the€following:Ð X-ä%2 ÐÐ .¦&3 Ðà ` à„à L àgovernment€bodies,€the€media€and€social€organizations€are€to€carryÐ t Ðout€constant€information€campaigns€to€explain€legislative€measures€designed€toÐ 6 Ðeliminate€all€forms€of€violence€against€women;Ð ø„ ÐÌà ` à„à L àgovernment€bodies,€the€media€and€social€organizations€are€to€promoteÐ |  Ðefforts€to€combat€factors€that€exacerbate€violence€against€women:€€pornographicÐ > Ê Ðexhibitions,€sex,€violence,€trafficking€in€women,€incitement€to€prostitution,Ð  Œ Ðthe€decline€in€public€morals;Ð  N ÐÌà ` à„à L àgovernment€bodies,€the€media€and€non„governmental€organizations€areÐ FÒ  Ðto€assess€such€practices€as€refusal€to€recruit€pregnant€women,€forcibleÐ ”  Ðabortion€and€obstruction€of€free€choice€of€abortion€and€use€of€contraceptives;Ð ÊV  ÐÌà ` à„à L àlocal€administrations,€together€with€social€organizations,€are€toÐ NÚ  Ðcreate€opportunities€for€the€development€of€a€broad€network€of€hotlines;Ð œ  ÐÌà ` à„à L àgovernment€bodies,€with€the€involvement€of€foreign€investment,€are€toÐ ”  Ðestablish€rehabilitation€centres€for€victims€of€all€forms€of€violence;Ð Vâ  ÐÌà ` à„à L àgovernment€bodies€and€the€media€are€to€promote€public€opposition€toÐ Úf Ðall€forms€of€violence€against€women€based€on€vestiges€of€the€patriarchalÐ œ( Ðcommunal€structure€(kalym,€forcing€women€into€de€facto€conjugal€relations€withÐ ^ê Ðpersons€under€the€age€of€legal€consent,€polygamy,€etc.);Ð  ¬ ÐÌà ` à„à L àthe€Government€of€the€Kyrgyz€Republic€and€social€organizations€are€toÐ ¤0 Ðpromote€the€elimination€of€all€forms€of€discrimination€and€the€eradication€ofÐ fò Ðthe€root€causes€of€son€preference.€Ð (´ ÐÌ75.à ` àAccording€to€information€from€the€Office€of€the€Procurator,€the€MinistryÐ ¬8 Ðof€Justice€and€the€Ministry€of€Internal€Affairs,€450€to€500€crimes€againstÐ nú Ðwomen€are€reported€every€year.Ð 0¼ ÐÌà ` àThe€number€of€vicious€crimes€against€women€is€rising:€€there€is€a€growingÐ ´@  Ðincidence€of€gang€rape€and€rape€resulting€in€severe€physical€injury€or€death€ofÐ v ! Ðthe€victim.€€Women€are€systematical