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>u¬ãQˆ¿ö!++±âEÓà@GG)“àHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEˆÐ üš ÐÌà@ÝÝ+“àFifty„fifth€sessionˆÐ ‚  ÐÌà@“àSUMMARY€RECORD€OF€THE€FIRST€PART€(PUBLIC)*€OF€THE€1454th€MEETINGˆÐ ¦ ÐÌà@õ õ !“àHeld€at€the€Ô_ÔPalaisÔ_Ô€des€Nations,€Geneva,ˆÐ Ž, Ðà@Y Y "“àon€Friday,€20€October€1995,€at€3€p.m.ˆÐ Qï ÐÌà@éé&“àòòChairmanóó:€€Mr.€Ô_ÔAGUILARÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔURBINAÔ_ԈР×u ÐÌÌà@0“àCONTENTSˆÐ  ¾ ÐÌCONSIDERATION€OF€REPORTS€SUBMITTED€BY€STATES€PARTIES€UNDER€ARTICLE€40€OF€THEÐ ¦D! ÐCOVENANT€(òòcontinuedóó)Ð i" ÐÌòòà0 b àFourth€periodic€report€of€the€United€Kingdom€of€Great€BritainÐï$bü#bü# Ðà0 b àand€Northern€Ireland:€€supplementary€report€on€the€dependentвP%bü#bü# Ðà0 b àterritories:€€Hong€Kongóó€(òòcontinuedóó)Ðu&bü#bü# ÐÌORGANIZATIONAL€AND€OTHER€MATTERS€(òòcontinuedóó)Ð û™( ÐÌß?€'‚#±dE+‚#±?ßÌÌà b à*€The€summary€record€of€the€second€part€(closed)€of€the€meeting€appearsÐ #¥", Ðas€document€Ô_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/SR.1454/Add.1.Ð Ê#h#- ÐÌß?€'Ú%sdE+Ú%s?ßà b àThis€record€is€subject€to€correction.Ð P%î$/ ÐÌà b àCorrections€should€be€submitted€in€one€of€the€working€languages.€€TheyÐ Ö&t&1 Ðshould€be€set€forth€in€a€memorandum€and€also€incorporated€in€a€copy€of€theÐ ™'7'2 Ðrecord.€€They€should€be€sent€òòwithin€one€week€of€the€date€of€this€documentóó€toÐ \(ú'3 Ðthe€Official€Records€Editing€Section,€room€E.4108,€Ô_ÔPalaisÔ_Ô€des€Nations,€Geneva.Ð )½(4 ÐÌà b àAny€corrections€to€the€records€of€the€public€meetings€of€the€Committee€atÐ ¥*C*6 Ðthis€session€will€be€consolidated€in€a€single€corrigendum,€to€be€issuedÐ h++7 Ðshortly€after€the€end€of€the€session.Ð +,É+8 ÐÌGE.95„19137€€(E)Ð ±-O-: ÐÐ  t..; ÐÑÑâ âÑbRÑщ‰Ñâ âÑ  ÑÔ_ÔÑØbÑÑ}‰ÑÖ€ÿÿÖÖ€ÿÿÖÓB.++b™ Ð >u¬ãQˆ¿ö!++7BÓà@û û “àòòThe€meeting€was€called€to€order€at€3.10€p.m.óóˆÐ É ÐÌCONSIDERATION€OF€REPORTS€SUBMITTED€BY€STATES€PARTIES€UNDER€ARTICLE€40€OF€THEÐ O† ÐCOVENANT€(agenda€item€4)€(òòcontinuedóó)Ð I ÐòòÌFourth€periodic€report€of€the€United€Kingdom€of€Great€Britain€andÐ ˜Ï ÐNorthernIreland:€€supplementary€report€on€the€dependent€territories:Ð [ ’ ÐHongKongóó€(òòcontinuedóó)€(CCPR/C/95/Add.5)Ð  U ÐÌ1.à b àòòThe€CHAIRMANóó€invited€members€to€make€their€concluding€observationsÐ ¤ Û  Ðfollowing€the€consideration€of€the€fourth€periodic€report€submitted€by€theÐ g ž  ÐUnited€Kingdom€on€Hong€Kong.Ð * a  ÐÌ2.à b àòòMr.€BHAGWATIóó€thanked€the€United€Kingdom€delegation€for€its€participationÐ °ç  Ðin€the€discussion.€€He€was€impressed€by€the€frank€and€forthright€manner€inÐ sª  Ðwhich€the€delegation€had€addressed€the€issues€raised€by€the€Committee,€butÐ 6m  Ðwished€to€urge€the€Government€of€the€United€Kingdom€to€reconsider€some€of€itsÐ ù0  Ðresponses€since€they€related€to€the€implementation€of€human€rights,€a€matterÐ ¼ó  Ðthat€brooked€no€compromise.€€A€strong€and€independent€judiciary,€committed€toÐ ¶  Ðrespect€for€human€rights,€was€absolutely€essential€because€it€was€the€onlyÐ By Ðmechanism€for€the€enforcement€of€such€rights.€€In€the€absence€of€a€judiciaryÐ < Ðwhich€was€totally€independent€and€respectful€of€human€rights€values,€humanÐ Èÿ Ðrights€would€exist€merely€on€paper.Ð ‹Â Ѐ€Ð N… Ð3.à b àThe€attention€of€the€Committee€had€been€drawn€to€articles€80€to€93€of€theÐ H ÐBasic€Law,€and€the€representative€of€the€Hong€Kong€Government€had€stressedÐ Ô  Ðthat€judges€were€to€be€appointed€by€the€Chief€Executive,€on€the€recommendationÐ —Î Ðof€an€independent€commission€and€on€the€basis€of€the€judges'€professionalÐ Z‘ Ðqualities.€€On€further€questioning,€the€representative€had€stated€that€theÐ T Ðmembers€of€the€"independent€commission"€would€be€selected€by€the€ChiefÐ à ÐJustice.€€He€had€later€stated€that€the€first€Chief€Justice€would€be€appointedÐ £Ú Ðby€the€Chief€Executive€designate€before€30June1997€and€would€therefore€be€aÐ f Ðnominee€of€the€Chief€Executive€designate€appointed€by€the€Government€of€China.€Ð )`  ÐThe€first€Chief€Justice€was€to€be€chosen€by€the€Government€of€China€and€wouldÐ ì#! Ðappoint€his€team€to€serve€on€the€independent€commission.€€It€was€with€theÐ ¯æ" Ðassistance€of€that€team€that€he€would,€in€turn,€select€the€judges€of€the€CourtÐ r©# Ðof€Final€Appeal.€€The€Chief€Justice€would€therefore€be€in€a€position€to€play€aÐ 5 l$ Ðdecisive€role€in€the€selection€of€judges.€€It€was€very€doubtful€whether€thatÐ ø /% Ðprocedure€would€be€conducive€to€the€independence€of€the€judiciary.€€He€urgedÐ »!ò& Ðthe€Government€of€the€United€Kingdom€to€persuade€the€Government€of€China€toÐ ~"µ' Ðdevise€an€independent€mechanism€for€the€appointment€of€the€first€ChiefÐ A#x( ÐJustice.Ð $;) ÐÌ4.à b àArticle€19€of€the€Basic€Law€gave€cause€for€anxiety.€€The€interpretationÐ Š%Á + Ðof€that€Law€was€vested€in€the€Standing€Committee€of€the€People's€Congress€ofÐ M&„!, ÐChina.€€The€Committee€did€not€know€the€meaning€of€"act€of€State"€according€toÐ 'G"- ÐChinese€jurisprudence.€€It€would€not€be€justified€in€importing€the€common€lawÐ Ó' #. Ðconcept€of€"act€of€State"€into€the€interpretation€of€Chinese€law.€€Article19Ð –(Í#/ Ðran€the€risk€of€significantly€eroding€the€jurisdiction€of€the€Court€of€FinalÐ Y)$0 ÐAppeal€and€that€was€an€issue€that€needed€clarification€by€the€Government€of€Ð *S%1 ÐChina.€Ð ß*&2 ÐÌâ âÐ e,œ'4 Ð5.à b àHe€was€heartened€to€learn€from€the€representative€of€the€Hong€KongÐ É Ðâ âGovernment€that€the€United€Kingdom€had€decided€to€extend€the€Convention€on€theÐ ŒÃ ÐElimination€of€All€Forms€of€Discrimination€Against€Women€(CEDAW)€to€HongKong,Ð O† Ðbut€was€concerned€that€the€question€of€reservations€was€being€seriouslyÐ I Ðconsidered.€€Since€no€reservations€had€been€made€on€article€3€of€the€Covenant,Ð Õ  Ðwhich€guaranteed€gender€equality€in€unequivocal€terms,€and€CEDAW€was€simply€anÐ ˜Ï Ðelaboration€of€those€guarantees,€he€urged€the€Government€of€the€UnitedKingdomÐ [ ’ Ðnot€to€make€any€reservations€when€extending€CEDAW€to€Hong€Kong.€€SuchÐ  U Ðreservations€would€essentially€constitute€a€violation€of€article€3€of€theÐ á  ÐCovenant.Ð ¤ Û  ÐÌ6.à b àHe€had€learned€that€the€Government€proposed€to€make€a€reservation€inÐ * a  Ðrespect€of€the€New€Territories€Small€House€Policy,€which€provided€that€onlyÐ í $  Ðindigenous€male€villagers€with€certain€heredity€were€eligible€for€valuableÐ °ç  Ðland€grants€and€building€rights.€€Through€such€a€reservation,€the€relevantÐ sª  ÐOrdinance€would€become€an€agent€of€sex€discrimination.Ð 6m  ÐÌ7.à b àHe€was€pleased€that€the€Sex€Discrimination€Ordinance€was€to€be€broughtÐ ¼ó  Ðinto€force€and€that€the€Equal€Opportunities€Commission€was€to€be€establishedÐ ¶  Ðin€the€first€quarter€of€1996.€€There€were,€however,€two€drawbacks€which€mustÐ By Ðbe€removed€as€they€violated€articles€3€and€26€of€the€Covenant.€€The€firstÐ < Ðdrawback€related€to€the€lack€of€provision€for€the€reinstatement€of€women€whoÐ Èÿ Ðhad€lost€their€jobs€through€sex€discrimination,€and€the€second€was€the€limitÐ ‹Â Ðof€150,000€Hong€Kong€dollars€in€damages€which€could€be€claimed€by€a€woman€whoÐ N… Ðhad€been€discriminated€against.€€Moreover,€the€grounds€for€discriminationÐ H Ðprovided€for€in€the€Sex€Discrimination€Ordinance€were€limited€to€gender,Ð Ô  Ðmarriage€and€pregnancy.€€It€did€not€deal€with€discrimination€on€grounds€ofÐ —Î Ðfamily€responsibility€and€sexual€preference.€€The€Government€should€amend€theÐ Z‘ ÐOrdinance€by€extending€the€grounds€on€which€discrimination€could€be€dealtÐ T Ðwith.Ð à ÐÌ8.à b àHe€wished€to€stress€that€"functional€constituencies"€constituted€a€clearÐ f Ðviolation€of€articles€25€(b)€and€26€of€the€Covenant€and€resulted€in€the€denialÐ )`  Ðof€democracy€to€the€people€of€Hong€Kong.€€The€British€Government€should€beÐ ì#! Ðstrongly€encouraged€to€change€the€electoral€process€as€soon€as€possible€inÐ ¯æ" Ðorder€to€make€it€conform€to€democratic€norms.Ð r©# ÐÌ9.à b àHe€suggested€that€the€Government€should€also€be€requested€to€submit€aÐ ø /% Ðspecial€report€outlining€the€steps€which€had€been€taken€pursuant€to€theÐ »!ò& Ðrecommendations€of€the€Committee€and€providing€updated€information€onÐ ~"µ' Ðdiscussions€with€the€Government€of€China.Ð A#x( ÐÌ10.à b àòòMr.€KLEINóó€said€he€fully€agreed€with€the€interpretation€the€delegation€hadÐ Ç$þ* Ðgiven€to€sentence156€of€the€Joint€Declaration€as€far€as€the€expression€"asÐ Š%Á + Ðapplied€to€HongKong"€was€concerned.€€In€his€view,€the€Joint€DeclarationÐ M&„!, Ðformed€a€solid€legal€basis€for€continued€observance€of€the€Covenant.€€TheÐ 'G"- Ðresponsibility€remained€with€the€Government€of€theUnitedKingdom€to€ensure,Ð Ó' #. Ðin€advance,€that€after€the€hand-over€in1997€the€rights€of€the€people€wereÐ –(Í#/ Ðalso€respected€in€practice.€€That€was€indeed€a€heavy€burden.Ð Y)$0 ÐÌ11.à b àIn€his€opinion,€the€situation€would€have€been€better€ifÐ ß*&2 ÐtheUnitedKingdom€had€begun€the€process€of€democratization€and€protection€ofÐ ¢+Ù&3 Ðhuman€rights€at€an€earlier€stage.€€It€was€unfortunate€that€the€Government€ofÐ e,œ'4 Ðthe€United€Kingdom€was€acting€in€those€areas€only€in€the€final€years€ofÐ (-_(5 ÐBritish€rule€in€Hong€Kong.€€Furthermore,€that€action€would€not€appear€totallyÐ É Ðconvincing€to€those€persons€who€seemed€to€oppose€the€concept€of€human€rightsÐ ŒÃ Ðas€enshrined€in€the€Covenant.€€However,€as€the€situation€stood,€the€timeÐ O† Ðremaining€before€the€transfer€of€sovereignty€should€be€used€carefully.€€HeÐ I Ðurged€the€United€Kingdom€seriously€to€reconsider€whether€its€reservations€toÐ Õ  Ðthe€Covenant€should€be€maintained,€whether€the€election€procedure€for€theÐ ˜Ï ÐLegislative€Council€should€not€be€changed€to€conform€to€article25€of€theÐ [ ’ ÐCovenant,€and€whether€the€social€conditions€of€the€poorest€sector€of€theÐ  U Ðpopulation€could€not€be€improved.€€In€addition,€the€people€of€Hong€Kong€shouldÐ á  Ðbe€much€more€involved€in€the€transition€process€than€they€had€been€because,Ð ¤ Û  Ðultimately,€it€was€their€fate€that€was€at€stake.Ð g ž  ÐÌ12.à b àHe€was€not€convinced€by€the€explanation€of€the€sense€of€article9€of€theÐ í $  ÐBill€of€Rights€Ordinance(BORO)€in€the€light€of€section12€of€that€Ordinance.€Ð °ç  ÐIf€there€remained€nothing€but€the€due€process€of€law,€he€wondered€whyÐ sª  Ðarticle9€of€BORO,€which€corresponded€to€article13€of€the€Covenant,€had€beenÐ 6m  Ðincorporated€at€all.€€Respect€for€due€process€seemed€a€necessary€and€generalÐ ù0  Ðrequirement€wherever€the€rule€of€law€applied.Ð ¼ó  ÐÌ13.à b àHe€extended€his€best€wishes€to€the€people€of€HongKong,€whose€courageous,Ð By Ðpeaceful€and€deliberate€attitude€he€greatly€admired.€€He€hoped€that€they€facedÐ < Ða€secure€future€in€the€shelter€of€effective€protection€of€their€human€rights.€Ð Èÿ ÐThe€Committee€would€closely€follow€developments€in€HongKong.Ð ‹Â ÐÌ14.à b àòòMr.€BUERGENTHALóó€said€it€was€impossible€to€discuss€the€future€of€HongKongÐ H Ðwithout€bearing€in€mind€the€difficult€political€and€geopolitical€context€thatÐ Ô  Ðgave€rise€to€many€of€the€issues€the€Committee€was€addressing.€€The€GovernmentÐ —Î Ðof€the€United€Kingdom€had€done€as€well€as€it€could€in€the€circumstances,Ð Z‘ Ðparticularly€in€recent€years,€in€seeking€to€ensure€that€the€Covenant,€in€allÐ T Ðits€parts,€remained€applicable€to€HongKong€after€1997.€€He€was€pleased€toÐ à Ðhear€that€the€Government€intended€to€continue€in€its€endeavours€to€achieve€aÐ £Ú Ðfull€and€satisfactory€resolution€of€the€issue.€€It€would€be€useful€for€theÐ f ÐGovernment€to€submit€a€special€report€to€the€Committee€before€1July1997Ð )`  Ðindicating€what€procedures€had€been€worked€out€between€the€Governments€of€theÐ ì#! ÐUnited€Kingdom€and€China€to€ensure€the€applicability€of€the€Covenant.Ð ¯æ" ÐÌ15.à b àIn€his€view,€it€was€of€critical€importance€to€establish€an€independentÐ 5 l$ Ðhuman€rights€commission€with€broad€powers,€including€powers€to€promote€andÐ ø /% Ðmonitor€the€implementation€of€rights€guaranteed€in€the€Covenant.€€Time€was€ofÐ »!ò& Ðthe€essence.€€Therefore,€the€delegation's€concern€to€avoid€duplicating€humanÐ ~"µ' Ðrights€institutions€was€simply€a€not€good€enough€reason€for€not€establishingÐ A#x( Ðsuch€a€commission.€€HongKong€could€not€afford€the€luxury€of€not€having€aÐ $;) Ðhuman€rights€commission.Ð Ç$þ* ÐÌ16.à b àHe€doubted€whether€the€Hong€Kong€electoral€system€was€compatible€with€theÐ M&„!, ÐCovenant,€even€taking€full€account€of€the€United€Kingdom's€reservation€on€theÐ 'G"- Ðsubject.€€Moreover,€he€was€convinced€that€some€of€the€human€rights€problemsÐ Ó' #. Ðhighlighted€by€his€colleagues€were€partly€due€to€an€electoral€system€which€wasÐ –(Í#/ Ðnot€entirely€democratic.Ð Y)$0 ÐÌÐ  ß*&2 Ð17.à b àHe€wished€to€thank€and€compliment€the€members€of€the€United€KingdomÐ É Ðdelegation€for€the€professional,€thorough€and€generally€candid€manner€in€whichÐ ŒÃ Ðthey€had€responded€to€the€Committee's€concerns.€€He€hoped€they€would€convey€toÐ O† Ðthe€Government€of€the€United€Kingdom€the€Committee's€hope€and€expectation€thatÐ I Ðthe€Government€would€redouble€its€efforts€to€ensure€that€the€rights€of€theÐ Õ  Ðpeople€of€Hong€Kong€enjoyed€the€protection€of€the€Covenant€in€the€future.€€Ð ˜Ï ÐÌ18.à b àòòMs.€MEDINA€QUIROGAóó€welcomed€the€fact€that€the€Joint€Declaration€and€theÐ  U ÐBasic€Law€made€provision€for€the€continued€implementation€of€the€Covenant,€andÐ á  Ðurged€the€UnitedKingdom€and€HongKong€Governments€to€firmly€establish€theÐ ¤ Û  Ðprocedures€for€the€purpose€beyond€July€1997.€€She€hoped€the€Committee€wouldÐ g ž  Ðreceive€a€progress€report€in€the€middle€of€1996.Ð * a  ÐÌ19.à b àShe€shared€her€colleagues'€concern€at€the€lack€of€anti„discriminationÐ °ç  Ðlegislation€and€would€have€liked€to€have€heard€the€delegation€express€itsÐ sª  Ðstrong€support€for€the€enactment€of€a€general€anti„discrimination€ordinanceÐ 6m  Ðand€adequate€remedies€in€relation€to€the€Sex€Discrimination€Ordinance.€€TheÐ ù0  Ðabsence€of€such€legislation€constituted€a€violation€of€the€Covenant€given€theÐ ¼ó  Ðexistence€of€well„documented,€de€facto€discrimination.€€The€situation€must€beÐ ¶  Ðaddressed€and€rectified€as€soon€as€possible.Ð By ÐÌ20.à b àShe€shared€Mr.Mavrommatis'€interpretation€of€the€reservation€onÐ Èÿ Ðarticle25.€€If€HongKong€had€decided€on€an€elected€legislative€body,€theÐ ‹Â Ðstipulation€in€article25€on€universal€and€equal€suffrage€should€be€compliedÐ N… Ðwith.€€Functional€constituencies€were€incompatible€with€the€Covenant.€€SheÐ H Ðpointed€out€the€inconsistency€between€the€HongKong€Government's€statementÐ Ô  Ðthat€it€would€not€accept€village€representatives€who€had€not€been€elected€onÐ —Î Ðthe€basis€of€one€man,€one€vote,€and€the€Government's€justification€ofÐ Z‘ Ðfunctional€constituencies.Ð T ÐÌ21.à b àShe€was€pleased€to€learn€that€the€Government€would€take€intoÐ £Ú Ðconsideration€the€Committee's€concern€regarding€human€rights€problems.€€SheÐ f Ðurged€the€Government€to€establish€an€independent€body€to€investigate€illegalÐ )`  Ðand€abusive€acts€perpetrated€by€the€police.Ð ì#! ÐÌ22.à b àShe€wished€the€people€of€HongKong€a€peaceful€transition€and€expressedÐ r©# Ðthe€hope€that€their€human€rights€would€be€respected.€€The€Human€RightsÐ 5 l$ ÐCommittee€would€do€everything€in€its€power€to€protect€human€rights€inÐ ø /% ÐHongKong.Ð »!ò& ÐÌ23.à b àòòMrs.€CHANETóó€associated€herself€with€her€colleagues€in€thanking€theÐ A#x( ÐUnitedKingdom€delegation€for€its€participation€in€the€consideration€of€theÐ $;) Ðreport.€€She€believed€she€had€received€specific€answers€to€the€questionsÐ Ç$þ* Ðrelating€to€the€implementation€of€the€Covenant€before€the€transition,€but€feltÐ Š%Á + Ðthat€the€answers€relating€to€the€future€implementation€of€the€Covenant€hadÐ M&„!, Ðbeen€evasive.€€The€delegation€had€acted€with€great€confidence€and€faith€withÐ 'G"- Ðrespect€to€the€Joint€Declaration,€despite€increasingly€worrying€signalsÐ Ó' #. Ðreported€in€the€press.€€She€noted€a€degree€of€ambiguity€òòvis„„visóó€the€BasicÐ –(Í#/ ÐLaw€on€the€part€of€the€delegation,€which€invoked€that€Law€whenever€it€was€inÐ Y)$0 Ðharmony€with€the€Joint€Declaration.€€That€approach€was€disturbing€becauseÐ *S%1 Ðitopened€up€major€breaches€in€the€interpretation€of€the€Joint€DeclarationÐ ß*&2 Ðandthe€Covenant,€and€in€particular€article€39€of€the€Covenant.€€She€wasÐ ¢+Ù&3 Ðstillworried€about€the€broad€wording€of€the€Joint€Declaration€whichÐ e,œ'4 Ðallowedthe€implementation€of€Hong€Kong€law€but€omitted€the€provisions€ofÐ (-_(5 Ðarticles18and19€of€the€Covenant€relating€to€emergency€situations€and€actsÐ É Ðof€government.Ð ŒÃ ÐÌ24.à b àShe€was€in€total€agreement€with€Mr.€Klein;€the€fact€that€the€reforms€hadÐ I Ðbeen€quite€recent€made€the€human€rights€situation€in€Hong€Kong€particularlyÐ Õ  Ðvulnerable.€€A€democracy€which€was€deeply€rooted€over€many€years€and€includedÐ ˜Ï Ðdirect€universal€suffrage€within€its€fundamental€laws€would€have€bolsteredÐ [ ’ ÐBritish€efforts€to€secure€strict€monitoring€of€the€implementation€of€the€JointÐ  U ÐDeclaration€in€general€and€sentence€156€in€particular.€€She€also€believed€thatÐ á  Ðthe€participation€of€the€people€in€determining€their€future€would€strengthenÐ ¤ Û  Ðthat€position.€€Particular€vigilance€was€required€over€the€period€remainingÐ g ž  Ðbefore€the€transfer€of€sovereignty.€€The€United€Kingdom€Government€had€statedÐ * a  Ðits€intention€to€express€its€concern€to€the€Chinese€authorities€that€theyÐ í $  Ðensure€respect€for€human€rights€after€1997€and€comply€fully€with€the€CovenantÐ °ç  Ðin€accordance€with€sentence€156€of€the€Joint€Declaration.€€That€provision,Ð sª  Ðtogether€with€the€obligation€to€report€to€the€Committee,€were€important€forÐ 6m  Ðthe€future€of€the€people€of€Hong€Kong.€€She€hoped€the€Committee€would€not€beÐ ù0  Ðdisappointed€in€its€expectations€and€urged€the€British€delegation€to€bring€itsÐ ¼ó  Ðefforts€to€a€successful€conclusion.Ð ¶  ÐÌ25.à b àòòMr.€KRETZMERóó€expressed€appreciation€to€the€United€Kingdom€delegationÐ < Ðforits€frank€and€open€replies€and€to€the€NGOs€for€providing€importantÐ Èÿ Ðinformation.€€He€subscribed€to€Mr.Klein's€views€on€the€continuedÐ ‹Â Ðimplementation€of€the€Covenant€after€July€1997,€and€endorsed€the€observationsÐ N… Ðof€Mr.Bhagwati€and€Ms.Medina€Quiroga€regarding€article25€of€the€Covenant.€Ð H ÐHe€was€convinced€that€the€Government€of€Hong€Kong€was€not€conforming€to€theÐ Ô  ÐCovenant.€€Cases€of€discrimination€constituted€a€clear€violation€of€article26Ð —Î Ðof€the€Covenant.€€It€was€incumbent€upon€the€Hong€Kong€Government€to€widen€theÐ Z‘ Ðscope€of€its€anti„discrimination€law€to€include€other€categories€in€additionÐ T Ðto€sex€discrimination€and€to€ensure€that€the€law€was€enforced€as€soon€asÐ à Ðpossible.Ð £Ú ÐÌ26.à b àHe€was€not€convinced€by€the€delegation's€answer€to€the€question€about€theÐ )`  Ðattitude€of€the€Government€in€including€persons€who€were€not€members€of€theÐ ì#! Ðpolice€force€in€investigations€of€complaints€against€the€police.€€He€based€hisÐ ¯æ" Ðview€on€the€fact€that€the€Government€had€established€an€independent€PoliceÐ r©# ÐComplaints€Council€to€supervise€investigations,€and€that€the€Council€itselfÐ 5 l$ Ðhad€recommended€that€persons€who€were€not€police€officers€should€be€covered€byÐ ø /% Ðinvestigations.€€The€Vice-Chairman€of€the€Council€had€been€quoted€as€sayingÐ »!ò& Ðthat€the€real€problem€was€that€police€were€investigating€police.€€There€wasÐ ~"µ' Ðalways€a€reluctance€on€the€part€of€the€police€to€accept€that€anyone€else€couldÐ A#x( Ðactually€carry€out€investigations.€€For€the€sake€of€the€credibility€of€theÐ $;) Ðsystem,€it€was€essential€for€the€Government€to€accept€the€recommendation€ofÐ Ç$þ* Ðthe€Police€Complaints€Council.Ð Š%Á + ÐÌ27.à b àHe€drew€attention€to€the€disparity€between€the€information€contained€inÐ 'G"- Ðfiles€submitted€by€the€delegation€on€the€conditions€under€which€VietnameseÐ Ó' #. Ðdetainees€were€held€and€the€information€the€Committee€had€received€from€otherÐ –(Í#/ Ðcredible€sources.€€It€was€true€that€conditions€had€significantly€improved€inÐ Y)$0 Ðsome€camps,€but€there€were€others,€for€example€the€Whitehead€camp,€in€whichÐ *S%1 Ðconditions€were€not€consistent€with€the€duty€of€a€State€party€to€make€sureÐ ß*&2 Ðthat€all€persons€who€had€been€deprived€of€their€liberty€were€treated€withÐ ¢+Ù&3 Ðâ âhumanity€and€respect€for€the€inherent€dignity€of€the€human€person.€€He€urgedÐ e,œ'4 Ðthe€Government€to€improve€conditions€in€all€camps€in€order€to€meet€the€minimumÐ É Ðrequirements€under€article10€of€the€Covenant.Ð ŒÃ Ðâ âÌ28.à b àHe€joined€his€colleagues€in€extending€his€best€wishes€to€the€delegationÐ I Ðand€expressed€the€hope€that€the€people€of€Hong€Kong€would€continue€to€enjoyÐ Õ  Ðthe€protection€of€the€Covenant€in€the€years€to€come.Ð ˜Ï ÐÌ29.à b àòòMs.€EVATTóó€thanked€the€delegation€for€its€responses€but€said€a€number€ofÐ  U Ðconcerns€remained.€€Those€concerns€related€to€the€freedoms€of€expression€andÐ á  Ðinformation,€detention€powers€and€the€treatment€of€detainees,€the€limits€ofÐ ¤ Û  Ðthe€Bill€of€Rights€Ordinance,€the€weakness€in€the€discrimination€laws€andÐ g ž  Ðdoubts€about€the€emergency€laws.€€Those€issues€would€be€fully€covered€in€theÐ * a  ÐCommittee's€concluding€observations€but€she€wished€to€focus€on€the€issuesÐ í $  Ðrelating€to€constitutional€powers€and€democracy€and€to€the€continuedÐ °ç  Ðimplementation€of€the€Covenant.Ð sª  ÐÌ30.à b àThe€main€priority€was€to€resolve€the€issue€of€reporting.€€In€her€opinion,Ð ù0  Ðthe€Committee€should€be€willing€to€receive€reports€on€Hong€Kong€from€theÐ ¼ó  Ðresponsible€authority.€€The€next€important€issue€was€the€ensured€continuity€ofÐ ¶  Ðthe€Legislative€Council,€which€appeared€to€have€been€elected€in€conformityÐ By Ðwith€sentences€9€and€49€of€the€Joint€Declaration,€the€Basic€Law€and€theÐ < Ðdecision€of€the€National€People's€Council€of€4April1990.€€The€continuity€ofÐ Èÿ Ðthe€Council€was€of€the€utmost€importance€because€it€was€responsible€for€lawsÐ ‹Â Ðimplementing€the€Covenant,€and€the€rights€and€freedoms€provided€for€in€theÐ N… ÐBasic€Law€and€the€Joint€Declaration.€€In€addition€to€its€continuity,€theÐ H Ðdemocratic€basis€of€the€Council€was€also€important.€€Mention€had€been€made€ofÐ Ô  Ðthe€deficiencies€in€meeting€the€principle€of€"one€person,€one€vote"€and€theÐ —Î Ðexistence€of€functional€constituencies,€which€fell€outside€the€framework€ofÐ Z‘ Ðarticle25€of€the€Covenant.€€It€was€important€to€stress€and€reach€as€soon€asÐ T Ðpossible€the€goals€set€out€in€article68€of€the€Basic€Law,€i.e.,€election€byÐ à Ðuniversal€suffrage€and€the€principle€of€equality.€€It€was€essential€that€allÐ £Ú Ðlaws€should€quickly€be€brought€into€conformity€with€the€Covenant.€€Doubts€hadÐ f Ðbeen€expressed€about€that€issue€but€she€personally€believed€that€theÐ )`  ÐLegislative€Council€already€had€the€power€to€legislate,€in€conformity€with€theÐ ì#! ÐBill€of€Rights€and€the€Covenant.€€It€was€not€correct€to€freeze€Hong€Kong€lawsÐ ¯æ" Ðfor€a€further€two€years.€€The€Bill€of€Rights€was€clearly€a€law€of€Hong€KongÐ r©# Ðimplementing€the€Covenant€and€in€no€way€was€it€incompatible€with€the€BasicÐ 5 l$ ÐLaw.Ð ø /% ÐÌ31.à b àShe€again€wished€to€stress€the€need€to€observe€democratic€principles.€Ð ~"µ' ÐShe€did€so€out€of€fear€that€the€Executive€had€more€power€than€was€compatibleÐ A#x( Ðwith€democratic€principles€and€the€separation€of€powers€and€was€not€itselfÐ $;) Ðdemocratically€based.€€The€situation€impinged€on€judicial€power€and€theÐ Ç$þ* Ðindependence€of€the€judiciary,€which€must€not€only€comply€with€article€14€ofÐ Š%Á + Ðthe€Covenant€but€also€ensure€the€protection€of€all€rights.€€Ð M&„!, ÐÌ32.à b àShe€expressed€the€hope€that€the€Joint€Declaration€would€be€upheld€inÐ Ó' #. Ðletter€and€spirit€by€both€parties€and€conveyed€her€best€wishes€to€the€peopleÐ –(Í#/ Ðof€Hong€Kong.€Ð Y)$0 ÐÌÐ  ß*&2 Ð33.à b àòòMr.€ANDOóó€thanked€the€delegation€for€its€efforts€to€furnish€answers€to€allÐ É Ðthe€difficult€questions€that€had€been€posed.€€Undeniably,€the€legacy€of€theÐ ŒÃ Ðcolonial€age€was€still€apparent€in€both€attitudes€and€institutions,€asÐ O† Ðevidenced€by€the€failure€on€the€part€of€the€Government€of€the€UnitedKingdomÐ I Ðto€mention€the€matter€of€self„determination€in€any€of€the€relevant€documents.€Ð Õ  ÐIn€that€regard,€the€United€Kingdom€should€certainly€have€done€more.€Ð ˜Ï ÐDifficulties€were€apparent€in€the€protection€of€the€rights€of€women,€the€rightÐ [ ’ Ðto€freedom€of€speech,€the€electoral€system,€and€investigatory€and€courtÐ  U Ðprocedures.€€The€matter€of€greatest€concern,€however,€was€the€continuedÐ á  Ðimplementation€of€the€Covenant€in€Hong€Kong€after€the€transfer€of€sovereignty.€Ð ¤ Û  ÐHe€associated€himself€with€other€members€who€had€emphasized€the€Committee'sÐ g ž  Ðwillingness€to€do€everything€in€its€power€to€assist€in€that€process.€€FaithÐ * a  Ðmust€be€placed€in€the€Government€of€the€United€Kingdom,€which€had€demonstratedÐ í $  Ðgreat€sincerity€in€its€efforts€to€persuade€China€to€accept€the€terms€of€theÐ °ç  ÐCovenant,€and€in€China,€which,€as€one€of€the€world's€major€Powers,€could€notÐ sª  Ðbut€be€aware€of€its€global€responsibilities,€not€the€least€of€which€was€theÐ 6m  Ðmatter€of€human€rights.€€The€current€dialogue€should€be€seen€as€the€first€ofÐ ù0  Ðmany;€it€was€important€to€recall€that€an€understanding€of€the€principles€ofÐ ¼ó  Ðhuman€rights€must€reside€not€only€with€institutions€or€authorities,€but€in€theÐ ¶  Ðhearts€and€minds€of€the€people€who€were€meant€to€be€the€beneficiaries€of€thoseÐ By Ðrights.Ð < ÐÌ34.à b àòòMr.€LALLAHóó€welcomed€the€competence€and€candour€with€which€the€members€ofÐ ‹Â Ðthe€delegation€had€dealt€with€the€Committee's€concerns.€€He€would€confineÐ N… Ðhimself€to€a€number€of€essential€points.€€It€was€first€and€foremost€crucialÐ H Ðthat€the€responsibility€of€the€United€Kingdom€Government€òòvis„„visóó€theÐ Ô  Ðimplementation€of€the€Covenant€in€the€territory€of€Hong€Kong€should€continueÐ —Î Ðafter€the€transfer€of€power€in€1997.€€The€Committee€had€already€urged€theÐ Z‘ ÐGovernment€to€hold€discussions€with€China€concerning€continued€implementationÐ T Ðof€the€Covenant€and€a€special€report€on€the€question€should€be€submitted€nextÐ à Ðyear.Ð £Ú ÐÌ35.à b àTwo€of€the€great€countries€of€the€world€were€engaged€in€that€importantÐ )`  Ðdebate:€€although€no€longer€perhaps€a€world€Power,€Britain€enjoyed€a€longÐ ì#! Ðtradition€of€respect€for€international€law;€China,€on€the€other€hand,€was€aÐ ¯æ" Ðmajor€Power€with€great€respect€for€its€obligations€òòvis„„visóó€others.€€TheÐ r©# ÐGovernments€of€those€two€States€should€combine€those€qualities€in€the€pursuitÐ 5 l$ Ðof€a€means€to€fulfil€their€obligations€under€international€law.€€Most€membersÐ ø /% Ðof€the€Committee€had€expressed€anxiety€about€the€extent€to€which€measures€toÐ »!ò& Ðensure€the€implementation€of€the€Covenant€had€been€incorporated€into€theÐ ~"µ' ÐHongKong€legal€system;€section€7€of€the€Bill€of€Rights€Ordinance€bound€onlyÐ A#x( Ðthe€Government€and€public€authorities.€€From€cases€that€had€been€broughtÐ $;) Ðbefore€the€courts€of€HongKong€it€was€clear€that€the€protection€guaranteed€byÐ Ç$þ* Ðthe€Covenant€must€also€bind€individuals€in€relation€to€each€other.€€He€wasÐ Š%Á + Ðsatisfied€with€Mr.€Fung's€assertion€that€consideration€would€be€given€to€theÐ M&„!, Ðenactment€of€legislation€to€provide€individuals€with€protection€againstÐ 'G"- Ðinfringements€of€their€rights€by€other€individuals.Ð Ó' #. ÐÌ36.à b àAnd€yet,€that€Government's€basic€approach€to€the€needs€of€the€people€ofÐ Y)$0 Ðthat€territory€was€consultative.€€Such€matters€should€not€be€left€to€theÐ *S%1 Ðgoodwill€of€the€executive€branch.€€Furthermore,€the€interests€of€all€membersÐ ß*&2 Ðof€society€„€both€privileged€and€under„privileged€„€should€be€taken€intoÐ ¢+Ù&3 Ðconsideration.€€Article€25€of€the€Covenant€stipulated€that€all€citizens€shouldÐ e,œ'4 Ðbe€permitted€to€take€part€in€public€affairs.€€Article€26,€which€establishedÐ (-_(5 Ðthat€all€persons€were€equal€before€the€law,€governed€legislative,€executiveÐ É Ðand€judicial€conduct.€€The€Hong€Kong€Legislative€Council€must€therefore€beÐ ŒÃ Ðseen€as€merely€a€transitional€step€towards€the€creation€of€a€genuine€democracyÐ O† Ðwith€full€enjoyment€of€human€rights€by€all€citizens.€€Hong€Kong's€wealthiestÐ I Ðcitizens€benefited€from€greater€protection€of€their€rights€than€did€its€poorÐ Õ  Ðcitizens;€it€was€in€the€granting€of€those€rights€to€the€ordinary€man€that€theÐ ˜Ï Ðgreat€genius€of€China€would€come€into€play.Ð [ ’ ÐÌ37.à b àòòMr.€FRANCISóó€thanked€the€members€of€the€United€Kingdom€delegation€for€theÐ á  Ðfrankness€of€their€replies.€€He€shared€the€views€of€all€previous€speakers.€Ð ¤ Û  ÐMost€important,€the€security€of€Hong€Kong€could€not€be€assured€if€thatÐ g ž  Ðterritory€did€not€benefit€from€the€confidence€and€participation€of€all€itsÐ * a  Ðpeople.€€State€succession€in€the€case€of€an€independent€territory€shouldÐ í $  Ðalways€be€followed€by€an€aggressive€reform€of€the€legal€system;€he€hoped€thatÐ °ç  Ðsuch€a€process€would€redress€the€imbalance€in€the€Hong€Kong€legislature.€Ð sª  ÐWhile€consultation€had€its€place€in€the€workings€of€a€democracy,€a€one„manÐ 6m  Ðone-vote€system€was€more€conducive€to€economic€and€social€stability€andÐ ù0  Ðultimately€better€served€the€needs€of€a€people.€€It€was€in€that€context€thatÐ ¼ó  Ðarticle€40€of€the€Covenant€must€be€brought€to€bear.Ð ¶  ÐÌ38.à b àòòMr.€PRADO€VALLEJOóó€shared€in€large€part€the€views€of€previous€speakers.€Ð < ÐThe€United€Kingdom€was€undoubtedly€a€State€that€enjoyed€a€great€democraticÐ Èÿ Ðtradition;€he€regretted,€however,€that€the€colonial€authorities€had€not€seenÐ ‹Â Ðfit€to€confer€directly€with€the€population€of€Hong€Kong€on€matters€which€wereÐ N… Ðcentral€to€their€destiny.€€He€further€regretted€that,€throughout€theÐ H Ðnear-century€of€British€rule,€that€Government€had€failed€to€recognize€theÐ Ô  Ðright€of€the€Hong€Kong€people€to€self„determination.€€It€was€also€lamentableÐ —Î Ðthat€it€had€not€seen€fit€to€establish€effective€and€vital€democraticÐ Z‘ Ðstructures€in€Hong€Kong€so€that€the€people€of€the€territory€could€defend€theirÐ T Ðfreedoms€and€guarantees€once€they€passed€under€the€sovereignty€of€anotherÐ à ÐState.€€He€thanked€the€delegation€for€its€answers€to€the€Committee'sÐ £Ú Ðquestions,€and€joined€other€members€in€requesting€the€submission€of€a€specialÐ f Ðreport.€Ð )`  ÐÌ39.à b àòòThe€CHAIRMANóó€said€that€the€dialogue€that€had€taken€place€between€theÐ ¯æ" ÐUnitedKingdom€delegation€and€the€Committee€had€indeed€been€fruitful.€€TheÐ r©# ÐCommittee€appreciated€the€frankness€with€which€that€delegation€had€replied€toÐ 5 l$ Ðits€questions,€even€if€some€of€its€answers€raised€serious€doubts€and€concerns.€Ð ø /% ÐHe€noted€with€appreciation€the€invitation€extended€by€the€Government€of€theÐ »!ò& ÐUnitedKingdom€to€the€Committee,€which€had€given€him€and€the€rapporteur€theÐ ~"µ' Ðopportunity€to€meet€with€representatives€of€all€strata€of€HongKong€society.€Ð A#x( ÐThe€discussion€had€given€rise€to€a€number€of€recommendations;€it€was€theÐ $;) ÐCommittee's€hope€that€they€would€be€put€into€practice€in€the€near€future.€€OfÐ Ç$þ* Ðgreatest€interest€to€the€Committee€was€undoubtedly€the€matter€of€theÐ Š%Á + Ðimplementation€of€the€Covenant€in€Hong€Kong€after€1€July€1997.€€He€would€nowÐ M&„!, Ðread€out€the€following€statement€which€summarized€the€Committee's€views€onÐ 'G"- Ðthat€question:€€Ð Ó' #. ÐÌà0 b àà ™ à"The€Human€Rights€Committee€„€dealing€with€cases€of€dismembermentÐ Y)$0 Ðof€States€parties€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€PoliticalÐ *S%1 ÐRights€„€has€taken€the€view€that€human€rights€treaties€devolve€withÐ ß*&2 Ðterritory,€and€that€States€continue€to€be€bound€by€the€obligations€underÐ ¢+Ù&3 Ðthe€Covenant€entered€by€the€predecessor€State.€€Once€the€people€living€inÐ e,œ'4 Ða€territory€find€themselves€under€the€protection€of€the€InternationalÐ (-_(5 ÐCovenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€such€protection€cannot€be€deniedÐ É Ðto€them€by€virtue€of€the€mere€dismemberment€of€that€territory€or€itsÐ ŒÃ Ðcoming€within€the€jurisdiction€of€another€State€or€of€more€than€oneÐ O† ÐState.ÐIbü#bü# ÐÌà0 b àà ™ àHowever,€the€existence€and€contents€of€the€Joint€Declaration€of€theÐ ˜Ï ÐGovernment€of€the€United€Kingdom€of€Great€Britain€and€Northern€IrelandÐ [ ’ Ðand€the€Government€of€the€People's€Republic€of€China€on€the€Question€ofÐ  U ÐHong€Kong€make€it€unnecessary€for€the€Committee€to€rely€solely€on€theÐ á  Ðforegoing€jurisprudence€as€far€as€Hong€Kong€is€concerned.€€In€thisÐ ¤ Û  Ðregard,€the€Committee€points€out€that€the€parties€to€the€JointÐ g ž  ÐDeclaration€have€agreed€that€all€provisions€of€the€Covenant€as€applied€toÐ * a  ÐHong€Kong€shall€remain€in€force€after€1€July€1997.Ðí $ bü#bü# ÐÌà0 b àà ™ àThese€provisions€include€reporting€procedures€under€article40.€€AsÐ sª  Ðthe€reporting€requirements€under€article40€of€the€International€CovenantÐ 6m  Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights€will€continue€to€apply,€the€Human€RightsÐ ù0  ÐCommittee€is€competent€to€receive€and€review€reports€that€must€beÐ ¼ó  Ðsubmitted€in€relation€to€Hong€Kong.ж bü#bü# ÐÌà0 b àà ™ àThis€being€so,€the€Committee€is€ready€to€give€effect€to€theÐ < Ðintention€of€the€parties€to€the€Joint€Declaration€as€far€as€HongKong€isÐ Èÿ Ðconcerned,€and€to€cooperate€fully€with€the€parties€to€the€JointÐ ‹Â ÐDeclaration€to€work€out€the€necessary€modalities€to€achieve€theseÐ N… Ðobjectives."ÐHbü#bü# ÐÌ40.à b àThe€Committee,€in€expressing€its€concern€about€the€implementation€of€theÐ —Î ÐCovenant€in€Hong€Kong€after€1July1997,€should€not€neglect€to€take€note€ofÐ Z‘ Ðthe€failure€of€the€current€system€to€ensure€the€enjoyment€of€all€the€rightsÐ T Ðprotected€by€that€instrument€in€the€territory.€€Of€the€numerous€concerns€thatÐ à Ðhad€been€raised,€two€in€particular€should€be€emphasized:€€first,€the€electoralÐ £Ú Ðsystem,€which€effectively€ranked€those€who€wielded€resources€as€first-classÐ f Ðcitizens€and€relegated€the€great€majority€to€an€inferior€status;€and€second,Ð )`  Ðthe€abundance€of€laws€„€"gag€laws"€in€fact€„€which€restricted€the€right€toÐ ì#! Ðfreedom€of€expression.Ð ¯æ" ÐÌ41.à b àHe€thanked€all€those€who€had€made€the€dialogue€possible,€including€theÐ 5 l$ Ðmembers€of€the€Legislative€Council,€the€representatives€of€NGOs,€which€hadÐ ø /% Ðsupplied€a€significant€amount€of€crucial€information,€and€in€particular€theÐ »!ò& Ðdelegation€itself,€which€had€competently€replied€to€the€concerns€raised€by€theÐ ~"µ' ÐCommittee€and€had€furnished€much€pertinent€information.€€Finally,€theÐ A#x( ÐCommittee€requested€the€submission€of€a€special€report,€which€should€describeÐ $;) Ðboth€the€methods€established€by€the€parties€to€the€Joint€Declaration€to€secureÐ Ç$þ* Ðthe€implementation€of€the€Covenant€in€Hong€Kong,€and€the€measures€taken€toÐ Š%Á + Ðimplement€the€Committee's€recommendations.€€That€report€should€be€received€byÐ M&„!, Ð31May1996,€for€consideration€by€the€Committee€at€its€session€inÐ 'G"- ÐOctober1996.Ð Ó' #. ÐÌ42.à b àHe€invited€the€members€of€the€United€Kingdom€delegation€to€address€theÐ Y)$0 ÐCommittee.Ð *S%1 Ѐ€Ð ß*&2 Ð43.à b àòòMr.€FUNGóó€(Hong€Kong€Government)€said€that€in€his€view€the€discussion€hadÐ ¢+Ù&3 Ðproved€extremely€fruitful.€€He€was€grateful€to€the€Chairman€for€mentioning€theÐ e,œ'4 Ðvisit€he€had€paid€to€Hong€Kong€with€the€rapporteur;€he€hoped€that€all€membersÐ (-_(5 Ðof€the€Committee€would€have€the€opportunity€to€visit€the€territory€in€the€nearÐ É Ðfuture.€€What€in€the€mid-nineteenth€century€had€been€described€as€a€"barrenÐ ŒÃ Ðrock"€was€now€one€of€the€world's€leading€financial€centres.€€Hong€Kong€lay€atÐ O† Ðthe€confluence€of€East€and€West,€and€the€arrangements€for€its€future€reflectedÐ I Ðthat€special€historical€and€cultural€matrix.€€"One€country,€two€systems"€wasÐ Õ  Ðin€fact€the€formula€that€had€been€devised€to€describe€Hong€Kong's€future,€andÐ ˜Ï Ðthat€concept€had€been€fully€developed€in€both€the€Joint€Declaration€and€theÐ [ ’ ÐBasic€Law.€€Under€that€Law,€the€people€of€Hong€Kong€would€enjoy€their€ownÐ  U Ðlegal€system,€their€own€autonomy,€their€own€economic€and€fiscal€freedoms€and,Ð á  Ðmost€significantly,€their€own€human€rights€and€freedoms.€€The€HongKongÐ ¤ Û  ÐGovernment€was€deeply€committed€to€the€maintenance,€preservation€andÐ g ž  Ðenhancement€of€the€human€rights€of€the€people€of€the€territory,€now€perhapsÐ * a  Ðmore€than€ever€before€in€its€history.€€Finally,€he€was€grateful€to€the€membersÐ í $  Ðof€the€Committee€for€expressing€their€concerns€and€looked€forward€to€receivingÐ °ç  Ðtheir€concluding€observations€in€the€near€future.€€He€assured€the€CommitteeÐ sª  Ðthat€the€Government€of€Hong€Kong€would€study€their€recommendations€with€greatÐ 6m  Ðcare.Ð ù0  ÐÌ44.à b àòòMr.€STEELóó€(United€Kingdom)€thanked€the€members€of€the€Committee€for€theirÐ ¶  Ðcourtesy,€kindness€and€understanding,€and€assured€them€that€the€observationsÐ By Ðthey€had€made€would€be€duly€considered.€€It€could€not€go€unremarked€that€theÐ < ÐCommittee's€major€concern€was€the€continued€observance€of€the€Covenant€inÐ Èÿ ÐHongKong€after€1997.€€With€respect€to€the€substantive€provisions€of€thatÐ ‹Â Ðinstrument,€he€hoped€that€his€delegation€had€successfully€persuaded€theÐ N… ÐCommittee€that€the€legal€framework€had€been€set€in€place€for€their€fullÐ H Ðobservance€after€the€hand-over;€that€legislative€regime€included€the€JointÐ Ô  ÐDeclaration,€the€Basic€Law,€and€the€Bill€of€Rights,€as€well€as€other€lawsÐ —Î Ðaimed€at€securing,€protecting€and€preserving€human€rights.€€His€Government€sawÐ Z‘ Ðno€reason€why€there€should€be€any€detraction€of€or€derogation€from€those€laws.Ð T ÐÌ45.à b àThe€second€major€concern€raised€by€the€Committee€related€to€reportingÐ £Ú Ðobligations.€€He€had€noted€the€Committee's€unanimous€opinion€that€theÐ f Ðobligation€to€submit€periodic€reports€would€remain€in€force€after€1997€andÐ )`  Ðwelcomed€its€assurance€of€cooperation€and€support€in€working€out€the€relevantÐ ì#! Ðprocedures.€€The€United€Kingdom€would€continue€discussing€the€issue€with€itsÐ ¯æ" ÐChinese€partners,€setting€out€its€views€on€the€various€ways€of€fulfillingÐ r©# Ðreporting€obligations€under€the€Covenant.Ð 5 l$ ÐÌ46.à b àòòThe€members€of€the€United€Kingdom€delegation€withdrewóó.Ð »!ò& ÐÌà@EE“àòòThe€meeting€was€suspended€at€4.25€p.m.€and€resumed€at€4.50€p.m.óóˆÐ A#x( ÐÌORGANIZATION€AND€OTHER€MATTERS€(agenda€item€2)€(òòcontinuedóó)Ð Ç$þ* ÐÌ47.à b àòòMr.€KLEINóó€drew€attention€to€a€proposal€made€by€Mr.€Lallah€for€theÐ M&„!, Ðdiscussion€of€periodic€reports€to€be€organized€like€that€of€initial€reports:€Ð 'G"- Ðinstead€of€being€invited€to€take€up€the€list€of€issues€section€by€section,Ð Ó' #. Ðdelegations€would€be€asked€to€answer€all€the€questions€on€the€list€in€Ð  –(Í#/ Ðsuccession.€€Members€of€the€Committee€could€then€ask€follow„up€questions€onÐ É Ðany€matter€covered€in€the€list,€and€a€more€lively€discussion€would€ensue.€€HeÐ ŒÃ Ðsuggested€that€that€approach€should€be€applied€to€the€Swedish€report.Ð O† ÐÌ48.à b àòòMs.€EVATTóó€said€the€suggestion€was€a€good€one;€the€Swedish€report€would€beÐ Õ  Ða€good€candidate€for€its€application,€as€it€was€likely€to€raise€fewÐ ˜Ï Ðproblematic€issues.€€She€supported€the€approach€outlined€by€Mr.€Klein.Ð [ ’ ÐÌ49.à b àòòMr.€LALLAHóó€said€what€he€had€had€in€mind€was€to€ensure€that€delegationsÐ á  Ðreplied€on€the€spot€to€the€questions€raised€by€the€Committee,€so€that€theyÐ ¤ Û  Ðcould€not€use€the€break€between€meetings€as€an€opportunity€to€prepare€theirÐ g ž  Ðanswers.€€That€would,€he€hoped,€encourage€an€open€and€frank€dialogue.Ð * a  ÐÌ50.à b àòòMs.€MEDINA€QUIROGAóó€said€she€supported€the€suggestion€because€it€was€oftenÐ °ç  Ðdifficult€to€place€a€question€squarely€in€one€of€the€categories€offered€by€theÐ sª  Ðlist€of€issues.€€Allowing€the€discussion€to€range€more€freely€would€removeÐ 6m  Ðthat€constraint.Ð ù0  ÐÌ51.à b àòòMrs.€CHANETóó€said€she€opposed€the€proposal€because€the€more€wide„rangingÐ ¶  Ðthe€discussion,€the€more€likely€it€was€that€one€or€several€questions€would€beÐ By Ðlost€among€the€great€many€raised€simultaneously.€€She€favoured€bringing€up€oneÐ < Ðor€two€questions€on€a€single€issue€or€related€subjects,€and€then€hearing€theÐ Èÿ Ðanswers;€it€was€that€approach€that€would€generate€a€direct€and€fruitfulÐ ‹Â Ðdialogue.Ð N… ÐÌ52.à b àòòMr.€BANóó€expressed€sympathy€for€Mr.€Klein's€proposal€but€said€there€was€aÐ Ô  Ðdrawback:€€delegations€submitting€their€third€or€fourth€periodic€reports€wereÐ —Î Ðaccustomed€to€the€Committee's€established€practice,€namely€division€of€theÐ Z‘ Ðmaterial€to€be€discussed€into€sections€corresponding€to€certain€articles€ofÐ T Ðthe€Covenant.€€If€a€different€approach€was€to€be€used,€delegations€should€beÐ à Ðapprised€in€advance.Ð £Ú ÐÌ53.à b àòòMr.€ANDOóó€said€he€did€not€actually€object€to€Mr.€Klein's€proposal€butÐ )`  Ðthought€the€present€approach€had€the€merit€of€channelling€the€discussion€alongÐ ì#! Ðlogical€themes:€€the€general€framework€for€implementation€of€the€Covenant;€theÐ ¯æ" Ðphysical€freedom€of€the€individual;€and€the€spiritual€freedom€of€theÐ r©# Ðindividual.Ð 5 l$ ÐÌ54.à b àòòMr.€BUERGENTHALóó€said€he€strongly€supported€Mr.€Klein's€proposal€andÐ »!ò& Ðthought€the€concerns€expressed€by€Mrs.€Chanet€could€be€met€by€allowingÐ ~"µ' Ðfrequent€breaks€for€follow„up€questions.€€The€current€system€worked€well€whenÐ A#x( Ðmembers€of€the€Committee€did€not€raise€the€same€question€under€successiveÐ $;) Ðsections€of€the€list€of€issues,€but€everyone€knew€that€there€was€a€tendency€toÐ Ç$þ* Ðrepeat€questions.Ð Š%Á + ÐÌ55.à b àòòMr.€BRUNI€CELLIóó€said€he€was€inclined€to€support€the€position€adopted€byÐ 'G"- ÐMrs.Chanet.€€Asking€a€delegation€to€respond€to€all€the€questions€on€the€listÐ Ó' #. Ðof€issues€would€be€to€invite€a€lengthy€exposition,€and€each€member€of€theÐ –(Í#/ ÐCommittee€in€turn€would€have€to€speak€at€length€to€set€out€all€his€or€herÐ Y)$0 Ðquestions.€€The€result€would€be€a€series€of€monologues.€€He€would€prefer€toÐ *S%1 Ðretain€the€current€system,€but€would€urge€the€Chairman€to€apply€the€time„limitÐ ß*&2 Ðfor€statements€more€vigorously,€and€the€members€of€the€Committee€to€exerciseÐ ¢+Ù&3 Ðgreater€self-restraint.Ð e,œ'4 ÐÐ (-_(5 Ð56.à b àòòMr.€KRETZMERóó€said€he€understood€the€concerns€raised€by€Mrs.€Chanet€butÐ É Ðthought€the€Swedish€report€provided€a€good€opportunity€to€put€Mr.Klein'sÐ ŒÃ Ðproposal€into€practice€and€then€to€evaluate€the€results.Ð O† ÐÌ57.à b àòòMr.€BHAGWATIóó€said€he€could€endorse€either€of€the€two€options€but€tendedÐ Õ  Ðto€prefer€the€current€system.€€Taking€all€the€questions€together€would€meanÐ ˜Ï Ðthe€time€required€for€delegations€to€answer€would€be€correspondinglyÐ [ ’ Ðlengthened;€he€did€not€see€how€the€proposed€change€would€shorten€theÐ  U Ðdiscussion€time.€€The€experiment€might€well€work€with€the€Swedish€report,Ð á  Ðwhich€was€fairly€straightforward€in€nature,€but€that€did€not€mean€it€would€beÐ ¤ Û  Ðsuccessful€for€all€other€periodic€reports.Ð g ž  ÐÌ58.à b àòòThe€CHAIRMANóó€summing€up€the€discussion,€said€the€Committee€was€evenlyÐ í $  Ðdivided€on€the€advisability€of€applying€Mr.€Klein's€suggestion.€€A€number€ofÐ °ç  Ðmembers€were€not€present,€however,€and€it€would€be€unfair€to€take€a€decisionÐ sª  Ðon€such€an€important€matter€in€their€absence.€€As€had€been€pointed€out,€theÐ 6m  Ðreal€problem€was€one€of€self„discipline.€€He€therefore€called€on€members€toÐ ù0  Ðkeep€faithfully€to€the€established€time„limits.€€As€Chairman,€he€would€ensureÐ ¼ó  Ðthat€they€were€imposed€accurately.Ð ¶  ÐÌ59.à b àòòMrs.€CHANETóó€said€she€hoped€that€delegations,€like€members€of€theÐ < ÐCommittee,€would€be€urged€to€exercise€self„restraint€concerning€the€durationÐ Èÿ Ðof€their€statements.Ð ‹Â ÐÌ60.à b àòòMr.€BUERGENTHALóó,€referring€to€the€discussion€of€the€supplementary€reportÐ H Ðof€the€United€Kingdom€on€Hong€Kong,€said€he€thought€it€had€been€extremelyÐ Ô  Ðuseful€that€the€Chairman€and€rapporteur€had€been€able€to€visit€HongKong€inÐ —Î Ðadvance€of€the€Committee's€consideration€of€the€report.€€Their€visit€hadÐ Z‘ Ðprovided€the€Committee€with€a€real€insight€into€the€situation€there€and€hadÐ T Ðhelped€to€establish€a€rapport€with€the€NGOs€that€had€furnished€such€abundantÐ à Ðand€useful€background€information.€€He€hoped€that€initiative€would€serve€as€aÐ £Ú Ðprecedent€for€future€visits€to€countries€whose€reports€were€being€discussed.Ð f ÐÌ61.à b àòòThe€CHAIRMANóó€said€there€was€indeed€much€to€be€gained€when€StatesÐ ì#! Ðpermitted€such€visits€to€their€territories.Ð ¯æ" ÐÌÌà@3 3 “àòòThe€public€part€of€the€meeting€rose€at€5.15€p.m.óóˆÐ ø /% ÐÌ