WPC ~T˹O;]  0J 05`U6 0:  0O 04c 0OC D+  0O 0( 0O AQI 1u 0DS#cUN, %z 04N^ w@4 m 0w/ 0 00 0 0 0K 0& 1 1(% 72M<:Default ParaXXXXXX0I.header     (#XXX   (#  \  `&Times New Roman0I.footer     (#XXX   (#  8z6Plain Text    K<6X9`(Courier NewKXXXS\  `&Times New RomanS    <6X9`(Courier New:8page number'  >Centre for Refugee Studies>0Centre for Refugee Studies .     P'   _  >XXCULTURECULTURALPARTICIPATION#XaX>F#('2P$ U!   (;3$2#  0  .3  0  ('2P$ U!   'dxd Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5('2P$ U!   ($('2P$ U!   C<< c3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(F$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#0p(#(#2#     )3  0p(#p(# 3|PDell Photo Printer 720PX,..,PX0(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX( U$  6 D QDQDQDQED o6| U(O;$0  2#  a  .3  0` (#(#(b$0  0` (#(#2#   .3  0 ` (#` (#(xir$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#2#(  0  )3  0 (# (#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#2#(  a  )3  0h(#(#(F$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#2#(   )3  0h(#h(#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#2#  0  )3  0(#(#({$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#2#  a  )3  0p(#(# !"#$%&'x3Gaeimquy}Bullet ListBullets List !"#$%&'hW/CEIMQUY]aAutoList2i)1)a)i) U!   _8aXXdXXd8  II.GENERALCOMMENTSANDRECOMMENDATIONS    ( !"#$%&'(3x3" 3"   3P233  0    _CERD_ԀGeneralRecommendationXXX(Sixtyfifthsession,2004):DiscriminationAgainst P  NonCitizens,A/59/18(2004)93atpara.37. 3P}݌< (#(# Ќ  0  ... (#(# 0  [TheCommitteerecommends]...thattheStatespartiestotheConvention,asappropriateto  t theirspecificcircumstances,adoptthefollowingmeasures: `(#(# 0  ...L (#(# 0  37.Takethenecessarymeasurestopreventpracticesthatdenynoncitizenstheircultural 8  identity,suchaslegalordefactorequirementsthatnoncitizenschangetheirnameinorder $  toobtaincitizenship,andtotakemeasurestoenablenoncitizenstopreserveanddevelop   theirculture; (#(# 0  ...t (#(# " 3"   3233  0    _ICCPR_ԀGeneralComment28(Sixtyeighthsession,2000):Article3:EqualityofRights 8 BetweenMenandWomen,A/55/40vol.I(2000)133atpara.13. 3݌$(#(# Ќ  0  ...p(#(# 0  13.Statespartiesshouldprovideinformationonanyspecificregulationofclothingtobe \ wornbywomeninpublic.TheCommitteestressesthatsuchregulationsmayinvolvea H violationofanumberofrightsguaranteedbytheCovenant,suchas:article26,on 4 non-discrimination;article7,ifcorporalpunishmentisimposedinordertoenforcesucha   regulation;article9,whenfailuretocomplywiththeregulationispunishedbyarrest;article   12,iflibertyofmovementissubjecttosuchaconstraint;article17,whichguaranteesall  personstherighttoprivacywithoutarbitraryorunlawfulinterference;articles18and19, p whenwomenaresubjectedtoclothingrequirementsthatarenotinkeepingwiththeir \  religionortheirrightofself-expression;and,lastly,article27,whentheclothing H! requirementsconflictwiththeculturetowhichthewomancanlayaclaim.4"(#(# " 3"   3 233  0    _ICESCR_ԀGeneralComment15(Twentyninthsession,2002):TheRighttoWater(arts.11 $l! and12oftheCovenant),E/2003/22(2002)120atpara.6. 3 ݌%X"(#(# Ќ  0  ...'0!$(#(# 0  6.Waterisrequiredforarangeofdifferentpurposes,besidespersonalanddomesticuses, ("% torealizemanyoftheCovenantrights.Forinstance,waterisnecessarytoproducefood )#& (righttoadequatefood)andensureenvironmentalhygiene(righttohealth).Wateris *#' essentialforsecuringlivelihoods(righttogainalivingbywork)andenjoyingcertaincultural l+$( practices(righttotakepartinculturallife).Nevertheless,priorityintheallocationofwater  mustbegiventotherighttowaterforpersonalanddomesticuses.Priorityshouldalsobe x giventothewaterresourcesrequiredtopreventstarvationanddisease,aswellaswater d requiredtomeetthecoreobligationsofeachoftheCovenant_rights.e_/P (#(# 0  ...< (#(# 0  ____________________( (#(# 0  Notes (#(# 0  ... t(#(# 0  e/Seealsoparagraph25_(c_)ofthePlanofImplementationoftheWorldSummiton  ` SustainableDevelopment(ReportoftheWorldSummitonSustainableDevelopment, L  Johannesburg,SouthAfrica,26August4September2002(UnitedNationspublication,Sales 8  No.E.03._II.A.I_),resolution2,annex).$ (#(# 0  ... (#(# 0  ____________________ (#(# " 3"   3233  0    _ICESCR_ԀGeneralComment16(Thirtyfourthsession,2005):Article3:TheEqualRightof L MenandWomentotheEnjoymentofallEconomic,SocialandCulturalRights,E/2006/22 8 (2005)116atpara.31. 3K݌$(#(# Ќ  0  ...p(#(# 0  31.Article15,paragraph1(a)and(b),oftheCovenantrequiresStatespartiestorecognize \ therightofeveryonetotakepartinculturallifeandtoenjoythebenefitsofscientific H progress.Implementingarticle3,inrelationtoarticle15,paragraph1(a)and(b),requires, 4 interalia,overcominginstitutionalbarriersandotherobstacles,suchasthosebasedon   culturalandreligioustraditions,whichpreventwomenfromfullyparticipatingincultural   life,scienceeducationandscientificresearch,anddirectingresourcestoscientificresearch  relatingtothehealthandeconomicneedsofwomenonanequalbasiswiththoseofmen.p(#(# 0  ...\ (#(# " 3"   3q233  0    _CEDAW_ԀGeneralRecommendation25(Thirtiethsession,2004):Article4,Paragraph1:  # TemporarySpecialMeasures,A/59/38partI(2004)78atpara.38. 3q݌ $ (#(# Ќ  0  ...%X"(#(# 0  38.Statespartiesareremindedthattemporaryspecialmeasuresshouldbeadoptedto &D # acceleratethemodificationandeliminationofculturalpracticesandstereotypicalattitudes '0!$ and_behaviour_Ԁthatdiscriminateagainstoraredisadvantageousforwomen.Temporary ("% specialmeasuresshouldalsobeimplementedintheareasofcreditandloans,sports,culture )#& andrecreation,andlegalawareness.Wherenecessary,suchmeasuresshouldbedirectedat *#' womensubjectedtomultiplediscrimination,includingruralwomen.l+$((#(# 0  ...(#(# " 3"   3233  0    CRCGeneralComment1(Twentysixthsession,2001):Article29(1):TheAimsof P  Education,CRC/C/103(2001)150atpara.4. 3,݌< (#(# Ќ  0  ... (#(# 0  4.Article29(1)statesthattheStatespartiesagreethateducationshouldbedirectedtoa  t widerangeofvalues.Thisagreementovercomestheboundariesofreligion,nationand  ` culturebuiltacrossmanypartsoftheworld.Atfirstsight,someofthediversevalues L  expressedinarticle29(1)mightbethoughttobeinconflictwithoneanotherincertain 8  situations.Thus,effortstopromoteunderstanding,toleranceandfriendshipamongall $  peoples,towhichparagraph(1)(d)refers,mightnotalwaysbeautomaticallycompatible   withpoliciesdesigned,inaccordancewithparagraph(1)_(c_),todeveloprespectforthe   childsownculturalidentity,languageandvalues,forthenationalvaluesofthecountryin t  whichthechildisliving,thecountryfromwhichheorshemayoriginate,andfor `  civilizationsdifferentfromhisorherown.Butinfact,partoftheimportanceofthis L provisionliespreciselyinitsrecognitionoftheneedforabalancedapproachtoeducation 8 andonewhichsucceedsinreconcilingdiversevaluesthroughdialogueandrespectfor $ difference.Moreover,childrenarecapableofplayingauniqueroleinbridgingmanyofthe  differencesthathavehistoricallyseparatedgroupsofpeoplefromoneanother.p(#(# " 3"   3%233  0    CRCGeneralComment2(Thirtyfirstsession,2002):TheRoleofIndependentNational 4 HumanRightsInstitutionsinthePromotionandProtectionoftheRightsoftheChild,   A/59/41(2004)82atparas.8and15. 3%%݌ (#(# Ќ  0  ...p(#(# 0  8._NHRIs_Ԁ[nationalhumanrightsinstitutions]should,ifpossible,beconstitutionally \  entrenchedandmustatleastbelegislativelymandated.ItistheviewoftheCommitteethat H! theirmandateshouldincludeasbroadascopeaspossibleforpromotingandprotecting 4" humanrights,incorporatingtheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,itsOptionalProtocols  # andotherrelevantinternationalhumanrightsinstrumentsthuseffectivelycovering  $  childrenshumanrights,inparticulartheircivil,political,economic,socialandcultural $l! rights.Thelegislationshouldincludeprovisionssettingoutspecificfunctions,powersand %X" dutiesrelatingtochildrenlinkedtotheConventionontheRightsoftheChildandits &D # OptionalProtocols.Ifthe_NHRI_ԀwasestablishedbeforetheexistenceoftheConvention,or '0!$ withoutexpresslyincorporatingit,necessaryarrangements,includingtheenactmentor ("% amendmentoflegislation,shouldbeputinplacesoastoensureconformityofthe )#& institutionsmandatewiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention.*#'(#(# 0  ...l+$((#(# 0  15._NHRIs_Ԁshouldbegeographicallyandphysicallyaccessibletoallchildren.Inthespirit  ofarticle2oftheConvention,theyshould_proactively_Ԁreachouttoallgroupsofchildren,in x particularthemostvulnerableanddisadvantaged,suchas(butnotlimitedto)childrenincare d ordetention,childrenfromminorityandindigenousgroups,childrenwithdisabilities, P  childrenlivinginpoverty,refugeeandmigrantchildren,streetchildrenandchildrenwith <  specialneedsinareassuchasculture,language,healthandeducation._NHRI_Ԁlegislation (  shouldincludetherightoftheinstitutiontohaveaccessinconditionsofprivacytochildren   inallformsofalternativecareandtoallinstitutionsthatincludechildren. t(#(#      0   ... `(#(# " 3"   3g1233  0    CRCGeneralComment4(Thirtythirdsession,2003):AdolescentHealthandDevelopment $  intheContextoftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild,A/59/41(2004)102atpara.   41_(c_). 3g11݌ (#(# Ќ    0  ...` (#(# 0  41.Inaccordancewitharticles24,39andotherrelatedprovisionsoftheConvention, L Statespartiesshouldprovidehealthservicesthataresensitivetotheparticularneedsand 8 humanrightsofalladolescents,payingattentiontothefollowingcharacteristics:$(#(#   0  ...(#(# 0  _(c_) ` Acceptability.Whilefullyrespectingtheprovisionsandprinciplesofthe p Convention,allhealthfacilities,goodsandservicesshouldrespectculturalvalues,begender \ sensitive,berespectfulofmedicalethicsandbeacceptabletobothadolescentsandthe H communitiesinwhichtheylive;4(#(#   0  ... (#(#  ( !"#$%&'(3xx( !"#$%&'" 3"   37233  0    CRCGeneralComment6(Thirtyninthsession,2005):TreatmentofUnaccompaniedand p SeparatedChildrenOutsidetheirCountryofOrigin,A/61/41(2005)15atpara.42. 377݌\ (#(# Ќ  0  ...4"(#(# 0  42.Theunaccompaniedorseparatedchildshouldberegisteredwithappropriateschool  # authoritiesassoonaspossibleandgetassistanceinmaximizinglearningopportunities.All  $  unaccompaniedandseparatedchildrenhavetherighttomaintaintheirculturalidentityand $l! values,includingthemaintenanceanddevelopmentoftheirnativelanguage...%X"(#(# " 3 "   3;233  0    CERDGeneralRecommendationXX(Fortyeighthsession,1996):Article5: ("% Non-DiscriminatoryImplementationofRightsandFreedoms,A/51/18(1996),124.Fortext )#& ofGeneralRecommendation,see EQUALITYANDDISCRIMINATION 󀄀RACIAL *#' DISCRIMINATION. 3;C;݌p+$((#(# Ќ  " 3 "   3=233  0    _CERD_ԀGeneralRecommendationXXIII(Fiftyfirstsession1997):TheRightsofIndigenous d Peoples,A/52/18(1997)122atparas.3and4(a),_(c_)and(e).FortextofGeneral P  Recommendation,see INDIGENOUSPEOPLES . 3=1=݌< (#(# Ќ  " 3 "   3>233  0    _CERD_ԀGeneralrecommendation_XXXI_Ԁ(Sixtyseventhsession,2005):ThePreventionof  x RacialDiscriminationintheAdministrationandFunctioningoftheCriminalJusticeSystem,  d A/60/18(2005)98atparas.5,26,27and38.FortextofGeneralRecommendation,see P   EQUALITYANDDISCRIMINATION RACIALDISCRIMINATION. 3>*?݌< (#(# Ќ  " 3 "   3qA233  0    _ICCPR_ԀGeneralComment23(Fiftiethsession,1994):Article27:TheRightsofMinorities,   A/49/40vol.I(1994)107atparas.6.2and7.FortextofGeneralComment,see |   EQUALITYANDDISCRIMINATION 󀄀MINORITYRIGHTS. 3qAA݌h (#(# Ќ  " 3 "   3ZC233  0    _ICESCR_ԀGeneralComment4(Sixthsession,1991):Article11(1):TheRighttoAdequate 0 Housing,E/1992/23(1991)114atpara.8(g).FortextofGeneralComment,see   ADEQUATEORDECENTSTANDARDOFLIVING FOOD,CLOTHING,SHELTER. 3ZCC݌|(#(# Ќ  " 3"   3EE233  0    _ICESCR_ԀGeneralComment5(Eleventhsession,1994):PersonswithDisabilities,E/1995/22 D (1994)99atparas.36and37.FortextofGeneralComment,see DISABILITY . 3EErE݌0(#(# Ќ  " 3"   3F233  0    _ICESCR_ԀGeneralComment6(Thirteenthsession,1995):TheEconomic,SocialandCultural  RightsofOlderPersons,E/1996/22(1995)97atparas.3840.FortextofGeneralComment, p  see EQUALITYANDDISCRIMINATION 󀄀OLDAGE. 3F G݌\!(#(# Ќ