WPC B.3 w.ǥ.أك7ǔ.g\u;n+x0qxH:hUgJR(IdR  fZ,OS~P1o& rv(?-M %Mq^ym'4~ ,~fЖ,#9}ތ - /=jKfFCQ?\}3ɷ Kb~M[MlXY?KZQQa EF$1RQ.W9Cma%\k3$l`\~NJ<@N*s=GIۤL!J9`w;HnHJbYz'1~#AEwlɞz]<ƵY\ %0eէJ6 ,*a(3,X#DE< [?ĩ GóDv,Mh 0nl 0U> 0. 05DU6y 0: 0U ^  0U$ D+y  0Uj 0( 0U AQ<w@ 0'c0#@UN  %W 0:]N4 m 1u 0w; 0 0< 0 0 0W 02 1! 0D( 72<:Default ParaXXXXXX0I.header     (#XXX   (#  \  `&Times New Roman0I.footer     (#XXX   (#  8z6Plain Text    K<6X9`(Courier NewKXXXS\  `&Times New RomanS    <6X9`(Courier New:8page number'  >Centre for Refugee Studies>0Centre for Refugee Studies .   (-2$ \!CEUS.,  ў6 (-2$ \!CEUS.,  'dxd Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(-2$ \!CEUS.,  ($(-2$ \!CEUS.,  C<< c DUDQDDDD D (;3$2#  0  .3  0  3|P Dell Photo Printer 720PX,..,PX0(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX(\$CEUS., o6p}.bk1U3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(O;$0  2#  a  .3  0` (#(#(b$0  0` (#(#2#   .3  0 ` (#` (#(xir$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#2#(  0  )3  0 (# (#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#2#(  a  )3  0h(#(#(F$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#2#(   )3  0h(#h(#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#2#  0  )3  0(#(#({$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#2#  a  )3  0p(#(# !"#$%&xGaeimquy}Bullet ListBullets List(F$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#0p(#(#2#     )3  0p(#p(#   'CEUS.,  _  1XXLANGUAGERIGHTS#XpX1L#i) \!CEUS.,      _)8pXXdd8   II.GENERALCOMMENTSANDRECOMMENDATIONS    ' !"#$%&(x3"3"  323  0    _ICCPR_ԀGeneralComment25(Fiftyseventhsession,1996):Article25:TheRightto P  ParticipateinPublicAffairs,VotingRightsandtheRightofEqualAccesstoPublicService, <  A/51/40vol.I(1996)98atpara.12.3݌( (#(# Ќ  0  ... t(#(# 0  12.Freedomofexpression,assemblyandassociationareessentialconditionsforthe  ` effectiveexerciseoftherighttovoteandmustbefullyprotected.Positivemeasuresshould L  betakentoovercomespecificdifficulties,suchasilliteracy,languagebarriers,poverty,or 8  impedimentstofreedomofmovementwhichpreventpersonsentitledtovotefromexercising $  theirrightseffectively.Informationandmaterialsaboutvotingshouldbeavailablein   minoritylanguages.Specificmethods,suchasphotographsandsymbols,shouldbeadopted   toensurethatilliteratevotershaveadequateinformationonwhichtobasetheirchoice. t  Statespartiesshouldindicateintheirreportsthemannerinwhichthedifficultieshighlighted `  inthisparagrapharedealtwith.L(#(# "3"  3O23  0    _ICCPR_ԀGeneralComment28(Sixtyeighthsession,2000):Article3:EqualityofRights  BetweenMenandWomen,A/55/40vol.I(2000)133atpara.32.3O|݌p(#(# Ќ  0  ...H(#(# 0  32.Therightswhichpersonsbelongingtominoritiesenjoyunderarticle27oftheCovenant 4 inrespectoftheirlanguage,cultureandreligiondonotauthorizeanyState,grouporperson   toviolatetherighttoequalenjoymentbywomenofanyCovenantrights,includingtheright   toequalprotectionofthelaw.Statesshouldreportonanylegislationoradministrative  practicesrelatedtomembershipinaminoritycommunitythatmightconstitutean p infringementoftheequalrightsofwomenundertheCovenant-Case24/1977Lovelacev. \  Canada,(viewsadoptedJuly1981)-andonmeasurestakenorenvisagedtoensuretheequal H! rightofmenandwomentoenjoyallcivilandpoliticalrightsintheCovenant.Likewise, 4" Statesshouldreportonmeasurestakentodischargetheirresponsibilitiesinrelationto  # culturalorreligiouspracticeswithinminoritycommunitiesthataffecttherightsofwomen.  $  Intheirreports,Statespartiesshouldpayattentiontothecontributionmadebywomentothe $l! culturallifeoftheircommunities.%X"(#(#  l+$( "3"  3I23  0    CRCGeneralComment2(Thirtyfirstsession,2002):TheRoleofIndependentNational  HumanRightsInstitutionsinthePromotionandProtectionoftheRightsoftheChild, x A/59/41(2004)82atpara.15.3Iv݌d(#(# Ќ    0  ...< (#(# 0  15._NHRIs_Ԁ[nationalhumanrightsinstitutions]shouldbegeographicallyandphysically (  accessibletoallchildren.Inthespiritofarticle2oftheConvention,theyshould_proactively_   reachouttoallgroupsofchildren,inparticularthemostvulnerableanddisadvantaged,such  t as(butnotlimitedto)childrenincareordetention,childrenfromminorityandindigenous  ` groups,childrenwithdisabilities,childrenlivinginpoverty,refugeeandmigrantchildren, L  streetchildrenandchildrenwithspecialneedsinareassuchasculture,language,healthand 8  education._NHRI_Ԁlegislationshouldincludetherightoftheinstitutiontohaveaccessin $  conditionsofprivacytochildreninallformsofalternativecareandtoallinstitutionsthat   includechildren. (#(# "3"  3n23  0    _CERD_ԀGeneralRecommendationXXIII(Fiftyfirstsession,1997):OntheRightsof L IndigenousPeoples,A/52/18(1997)122atparas.4(a)and_(c_).FortextofGeneral 8 Recommendation,see INDIGENOUSPEOPLES .3n݌$(#(# Ќ  "3"  3a23  0    _CERD_ԀGeneralRecommendationXXVII(Fiftyseventhsession,2000):Discrimination ` AgainstRoma,A/55/18(2000)154atparas.18and26.FortextofGeneral L Recommendation,see EQUALITYANDDISCRIMINATION RACIAL 8 DISCRIMINATION.3a݌((#(# Ќ   "3"  3n23  0    _ICCPR_ԀGeneralComment13(Twentyfirstsession,1984):Article14:EqualityBeforethe x CourtsandtheRighttoaFairandPublicHearingbyanIndependentCourtEstablishedby d  Law,A/39/40(1984)143atparas.8and13.FortextofGeneralComment,see LEGAL P! RIGHTS 󀄀CRIMINALRighttoaFairandPublicHearing.3n݌@"(#(# Ќ  "3"  323  0    _ICCPR_ԀGeneralComment22(Fortyeighthsession,1993):Article18:TheRighttoFreedom %|! ofThought,ConscienceandReligion,A/48/40vol.I(1993)208atpara.4.Fortextof %h" GeneralComment,see THOUGHT,CONSCIENCEANDRELIGIONFREEDOMOF. 3݌&T #(#(# Ќ  "3"  323  0    _ICCPR_ԀGeneralComment23(Fiftiethsession,1994):Article27:TheRightsofMinorities, )#& A/49/40vol.I(1994)107atpara.5.3.FortextofGeneralComment,see EQUALITYAND *$' DISCRIMINATION 󀄀MINORITYRIGHTS.3݌+$((#(# Ќ  "3"  323  0    _ICESCR_ԀGeneralComment5(Eleventhsession,1994):PersonswithDisabilities,E/1995/22 d (1994)99atpara.35.FortextofGeneralComment,see DISABILITY .3݌P (#(# Ќ    "3 "  3U 23  0    _ICESCR_ԀGeneralComment16(Thirtyfourthsession,2005):Article3:TheEqualRightof   MenandWomentotheEnjoymentofallEconomic,SocialandCulturalRights,E/2006/22  x (2005)116atparas.5and10.FortextofGeneralComment,see EQUALITYAND  d DISCRIMINATION GENDERDISCRIMINATIONGeneral.3U ݌T (#(# Ќ   ' !"#$%&(xx ' !"#$%&"3 "  3%#23  0    CRCGeneralComment5(Thirtyfourthsession,2003):Generalmeasuresofimplementation   oftheConventionontheRightsoftheChild(arts.4,42and44,para.6),A/59/41(2004)114   atparas.49,67and72.FortextofGeneralComment,see CHILDRENSRIGHTS    GENERAL.3%#R#݌p (#(# Ќ   ' !"#$%&(xx ' !"#$%& "3 "  3%23  0    CRCGeneralComment6(Thirtyninthsession,2005):TreatmentofUnaccompaniedand 4 SeparatedChildrenOutsidetheirCountryofOrigin,A/61/41(2005)15atparas.42,71and   90.FortextofGeneralComment,see CHILDREN'SRIGHTS GENERAL.3%%݌ (#(# Ќ   2