ÿWPC¦  g;a ?…ÔšCø‘«ÊYÛ¸òy&p[bo'{¶-U_z]2³XZò“Obã Ã3k﯌8âÙ§‡ß© „rì0,ÈÙp{o®HúÃú ŞùÊßæ^ ©vğÍë\”r@É Â ›,:sÊÀSh5£^úÁrìêi ¤ûó]fŒœõ|î}q÷ (”£X7c=W(¹K7n»¬ø»yÅîÑ¥$Û’ñªÜÿğê..¡Åö{F†9,<±âqß*í÷¡K´İf:"ÌáÀæÌtY¸ëW£T[|§’¯ÿ;^4.Ç|c9G¯#|{*Kö”W¦L[»i–y«ô„ÛݨDŠüµJMB‹—)œZü&ªSŸ†G½ìåóU¾JôÑ%f0Òd¹mƒ­î› dÙ ¢ø¯µkº€};Úà=†©¸}¼ŠÍå):O­_¢ Í›0Çù¯‰M‡·~ oó\q“ØC᥮6qLgšËóP$t ¶ucÕçÂb2*(ù¤”à ï¶8 OK4$’lÁp¾2„¯Ïˆç…;ph `½!†°7™¹ì¤ÑwñH̸A Ñfâ¡^¼N%ÀÚß=f>Åû7Z#ÁìUN­ %û 0: ^ ; wG 4K _ n mp N‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ B‰ ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÙØÙÙØÈÙ0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ô׊,* K‹k)È´ºœ3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ dİ ƒûœ!İÔUKUS.,Ôİ  İÔ_ÔÓ  Óò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEĞ ° ĞÌÔ_ÔòòBozizeÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_Ô€Ô_Ôv.Ô_Ô€Central€African€RepublicóóĞ „Ô ĞÌCommunication€No.€428/1990Ğ X¨ ĞòòóóÌ8€July€1992Ğ , | ĞÌÔ_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/45/D/428/1990*Ğ  P ĞÌÌADMISSIBILITYó óĞ ¾  ĞÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€€Yvonne€Ô_ÔMğğBoissonaÔ_ÔĞ zÊ  ĞÌòòAlleged€victimóó:€€Her€brother,€Ô_ÔFran oisÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔBozizeÔ_ÔĞ H˜ ĞÌòòState€partyóó:€€Central€African€RepublicĞ f ĞÌòòDate€of€communicationóó:€€14€November€1990€(initial€submission)Ğ ä4 ĞÌòòDocumentation€referencesóó:€€Prior€decisions€„€Special€Rapporteurğğs€rule€91€decision,€transmitted€toĞ ² Ğthe€State€party€on€13€February€1991€(not€issued€in€document€form)Ğ ™é ĞÌòòDate€of€present€decisionóó:€€8€July€1992óóĞ g· ĞÌÌòòThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€acting€through€its€Working€Group€pursuant€to€rule€87,€of€theĞ  p ĞCommitteeğğs€rules€of€procedure,€adopts€the€following€decision€on€admissibility.Ğ  Y ĞÌÌòòÓ  Óò òDecision€on€admissibilityó óóóĞ Ä!  ĞÓbÓÌÌ1.€€The€author€of€the€communication€is€Yvonne€Ô_ÔMğğBoissonaÔ_Ô,€a€citizen€of€the€Central€AfricanĞ €$Ğ# ĞRepublic€residing€in€Stains,€France.€€She€submits€the€communication€on€behalf€of€her€brother,Ğ i%¹ $ ĞÔ_ÔFran oisÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔBozizeÔ_Ô,€currently€detained€at€a€penitentiary€in€Bangui,€Central€African€Republic.€€SheĞ R&¢!% Ğclaims€that€her€brother€is€a€victim€of€violations€of€his€human€rights€by€the€authorities€of€the€CentralĞ ;'‹"& ĞAfrican€Republic,€but€does€not€invoke€any€provisions€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€andĞ $(t#' ĞPolitical€Rights.Ğ  )]$( ĞÌòòThe€facts€as€submitted€by€the€authoróóĞ ß*/&* ĞÌ2.1€€The€author€states€that€her€brother€was€a€high„level€military€officer€of€the€armed€forces€of€theĞ ±,(, ĞCentral€African€Republic.€€On€3€March€1982,€he€instigated€a€òòcoup€dğğtatóó;€after€its€failure,€he€wentĞ š-ê(- Ğinto€exile€in€Benin.€€On€24€July€1989,€the€authorğğs€brother€was€arrested€a€hotel€in€Cotonou,€Benin,Ğ ° Ğtogether€with€eleven€other€citizens€of€the€Central€African€Republic;€all€were€presumed€members€ofĞ ™é Ğthe€political€opposition,€the€Central€African€Movement€of€National€Liberation€(Ô_ÔMouvementÔ_ÔĞ ‚Ò ĞÔ_ÔcentrafricainÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔlibrationÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔnationaleÔ_Ô).€€On€31€August€1989,€Mr.€Ô_ÔBozizeÔ_Ô€and€the€other€oppositionĞ k» Ğactivists€were€repatriated€by€force,€allegedly€with€the€help€of€a€Central€African€Republic€militaryĞ T¤ Ğcommando€allowed€to€operate€within€Benin;€this€ğ ğextraditionğğ€is€said€to€have€been€negotiatedĞ =  Ğbetween€the€governments€of€Benin€and€of€the€Central€African€Republic.€€The€forced€repatriationĞ & v Ğoccurred€without€a€formal€extradition€request€having€been€issued€by€the€Central€African€RepublicĞ  _ ĞGovernment.Ğ ø H ĞÌ2.2€€Upon€his€return€to€Bangui,€Mr.€Ô_ÔBozizeÔ_Ô€was€imprisoned€at€Camp€Roux,€where€he€allegedlyĞ Ê   Ğsuffered€serious€maltreatment€and€beatings.€€The€author€claims€that€her€brother€was€not€allowedĞ ³  Ğaccess€to€a€lawyer€of€his€own€choosing,€nor€to€a€member€of€his€family.€€Allegedly,€not€even€a€doctorĞ œì  Ğwas€allowed€to€see€him€to€provide€basic€medical€care.€€Furthermore,€the€sanitary€conditions€of€theĞ …Õ  Ğprison€are€said€to€be€deplorable€and€the€food€allegedly€consists€of€rotten€meat€mixed€with€sand;€asĞ n¾  Ğa€result,€the€weight€of€Mr.€Ô_ÔBozizeÔ_Ô€dropped€to€40€kilograms€by€the€summer€of€1990.Ğ W§  ĞÌ2.3€€During€the€night€of€10€to€11€July€1990,€the€prison€authorities€of€Camp€Roux€reportedly€stage„Ğ )y Ğmanaged€a€power€failure€in€the€sector€of€town€where€the€prison€is€located,€purportedly€to€incite€Mr.Ğ b ĞÔ_ÔBozizeÔ_Ô€to€attempt€an€escape.€€As€this€practice€is€said€to€be€common€and€invariably€results€in€theĞ ûK Ğdeath€of€the€would„be€escapee,€Mr.€Ô_ÔBozizeÔ_Ô€did€not€leave€his€cell.€€The€author€contends€that€in€theĞ ä4 Ğcourse€of€the€night,€her€brother€was€brutally€beaten€for€several€hours€and€severely€injured.€€ThisĞ Í Ğversion€of€the€events€was€confirmed€by€Mr.€Ô_ÔBozizeÔ_Ôğğs€lawyer,€Ô_ÔMağ3ğtreÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔThiangayeÔ_Ô,€who€was€able€toĞ ¶ Ğvisit€his€client€on€26€October€1990€and€who€noticed€numerous€traces€of€beatings€and€ascertained€thatĞ Ÿï ĞMr.€Ô_ÔBozizeÔ_Ô€had€two€broken€ribs.€€The€lawyer€also€reported€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔBozizeÔ_Ô€was€kept€shackled,€thatĞ ˆØ Ğhis€reading€material€had€been€confiscated,€and€that€the€prison€guards€only€allowed€him€out€of€his€cellĞ qÁ Ğtwice€a€week.€€Allegedly,€this€treatment€is€known€to,€and€condoned€by,€President€Ô_ÔKolingbaÔ_Ô€and€theĞ Zª ĞMinisters€of€Defence€and€of€the€Interior.Ğ C“ ĞÌ2.4€€The€authorities€of€the€Central€African€Republic€consistently€maintain€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔBozizeÔ_Ô€indeedĞ e Ğattempted€to€escape€from€the€prison,€and€that€he€sustained€injuries€in€the€process.€€This€is€denied€byĞ şN Ğthe€author,€who€points€to€her€brotherğğs€weak€physical€condition€in€the€summer€of€1990€and€arguesĞ ç 7 Ğthat€he€could€not€possibly€have€climbed€over€the€three€metre€high€prison€wall.Ğ Ğ!   ĞÌ2.5€€Mr.€Ô_ÔBozizeÔ_Ôğğs€wife,€who€currently€resides€in€France,€has€requested€the€good€offices€of€the€FrenchĞ ¢#ò" Ğauthorities.€€By€letter€of€29€October€1990,€the€President€of€the€National€Assembly,€Laurent€Ô_ÔFabiusÔ_Ô,Ğ ‹$Û# Ğinformed€her€that€the€French€foreign€service€had€ascertained€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔBozizeÔ_Ô€was€alive€and€that€heĞ t%Ä $ Ğhad€been€transferred€to€the€Ô_ÔKassaiÔ_Ô€prison€in€Bangui.Ğ ]&­!% ĞÌ2.6€€As€to€the€issue€of€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€it€is€submitted€that€criminal€proceedingsĞ /(#' Ğagainst€Mr.€Ô_ÔBozizeÔ_Ô€were€to€have€been€opened€on€28€February€1991,€allegedly€in€order€to€profit€fromĞ )h$( Ğthe€momentary€absence,€due€to€a€trip€abroad,€of€his€lawyer.€€However,€the€trial€was€postponed€forĞ *Q%) Ğğ ğtechnical€reasonsğğ.€€Since€then,€the€trial€has€apparently€been€postponed€on€other€occasions.€€Mrs.Ğ ê*:&* ĞÔ_ÔBozizeÔ_Ô€complains€that€in€months€following€his€arrest,€her€husband€was€denied€access€to€counsel;Ğ Ó+#'+ Ğlater,€the€family€retained€the€services€of€a€lawyer€to€defend€him..€The€lawyer,€however,€was€deniedĞ ¼, (, Ğauthorization€to€visit€his€client;€the€lawyer€allegedly€also€suffered€restrictions€of€his€freedom€ofĞ ¥-õ(- Ğmovement€on€account€of€his€client.Ğ ° ĞÌòòThe€complaintóóĞ ‚Ò ĞÌ3.€€It€is€submitted€that€the€events€described€above€constitute€violations€of€Mr.€Ô_ÔBozizeÔ_Ôğğs€rights€underĞ T¤ Ğthe€Covenant.€€Although€the€author€does€not€specifically€invoke€any€provisions€of€the€Covenant,€itĞ =  Ğtranspires€from€the€context€of€her€submissions€that€her€claims€relate€primarily€to€articles€7,€9,€10,Ğ & v Ğ14€and€19€of€the€Covenant.Ğ  _ ĞÌòòIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€CommitteeóóĞ á 1  ĞÌ4.1€€By€decision€of€13€February€1991,€the€Special€Rapporteur€on€New€Communications€of€theĞ ³  ĞHuman€Rights€Committee€transmitted€the€communication€to€the€State€party,€requesting€it,€under€ruleĞ œì  Ğ91€of€the€Committeeğğs€rules€of€procedure,€to€submit€information€and€observations€in€respect€of€theĞ …Õ  Ğadmissibility€of€the€communication.€€The€State€party€did€not€forward€any€such€information,€in€spiteĞ n¾  Ğof€two€reminders€addressed€to€it€on€18€July€and€17€September€1991.Ğ W§  ĞÌ4.2€€The€Committee€has€ascertained,€as€it€is€required€to€do€under€article€5,€paragraph€2(a),€of€theĞ )y ĞOptional€Protocol,€that€the€matter€has€not€been€submitted€to€another€instance€of€internationalĞ b Ğinvestigation€or€settlement.Ğ ûK ĞÌ4.3€€The€Committee€notes€with€concern€the€absence€of€co„operation€from€the€State€party€on€theĞ Í Ğmatter€under€consideration.€€In€particular,€it€observes€that€the€State€party€has€failed€to€comment€onĞ ¶ Ğthe€issue€of€the€admissibility€of€the€communication,€despite€two€reminders€addressed€to€it.€€It€isĞ Ÿï Ğimplicit€in€rule€91€of€the€rules€of€procedure€that€States€parties€make€available€to€the€Committee€allĞ ˆØ Ğthe€information€at€their€disposal;€this€includes,€at€the€stage€of€admissibility,€sufficiently€detailedĞ qÁ Ğinformation€about€domestic€remedies€pursued€by,€or€available€to,€the€author.Ğ Zª ĞÌ4.4€€In€the€absence€of€any€information€about€the€nature€of€available€remedies€and€in€the€light€of€theĞ ,| ĞState€partyğğs€failure€to€cooperate€under€rule€91€of€the€rules€or€procedure,€the€Committee€is€unableĞ e Ğto€conclude€that,€in€the€particular€circumstances€of€the€case,€there€are€òòeffectiveóó€domestic€remediesĞ şN Ğavailable€to€the€author€which€he€would€be€required€to€pursue€for€purposes€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ğ ç 7 ĞÌ4.5€€As€to€the€substance€of€the€authorğğs€allegations,€the€Committee€notes€that€they€appear€to€raiseĞ ¹" ! Ğissues€under€articles€7,€9,€10,€14,€paragraphs€1€and€3,€and€19€of€the€Covenant;€they€should,Ğ ¢#ò" Ğaccordingly,€be€considered€on€their€merits.Ğ ‹$Û# ĞÌ5.€€The€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decides:Ğ ]&­!% ĞÌ(a)€€that€the€communication€is€admissible€in€so€far€as€it€appears€to€raise€issues€under€articles€7,€9,€10,Ğ /(#' Ğ14,€paragraphs€1€and€3,€and€19€of€the€Covenant.Ğ )h$( ĞÌ(b)€€that€in€accordance€with€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€party€shall€beĞ ê*:&* Ğrequested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€transmittal€to€it€of€thisĞ Ó+#'+ Ğdecision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€measures,€if€any,€that€mayĞ ¼, (, Ğhave€been€taken€by€it;Ğ ¥-õ(- Ї(c)€€that€the€author€be€requested€to€submit€to€the€Committee€further€clarifications€and€relevantĞ ° Ğdocumentation€pertaining€to€the€state€of€health€of€her€brother;Ğ ™é ĞÌ(d)€€that€this€decision€may€be€reviewed€pursuant€to€rule€93,€paragraph€4,€of€the€rules€of€procedureĞ k» Ğin€the€light€of€any€explanations€or€statements€submitted€by€the€State€party;Ğ T¤ ĞÌ(e)€€that€any€explanations€or€statements€received€from€the€State€party€shall€be€communicated€by€theĞ & v ĞSecretary„General€under€rule€93,€paragraph€3,€of€the€rules€of€procedure€to€the€author,€with€theĞ  _ Ğrequest€that€any€comments€which€she€or€her€brother€may€wish€to€submit€thereon€should€reach€theĞ ø H ĞCommittee,€in€care€of€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights,€United€Nations€Office€at€Geneva,€within€sixĞ á 1  Ğweeks€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal;Ğ Ê   ĞÌ(f)€€that€this€decision€shall€be€communicated€to€the€State€party€and€the€author€of€the€communication.Ğ œì  ĞÌÌòòóó___________________òòĞ W§  ĞÌà  à*óó/€€All€persons€handling€this€document€are€requested€to€respect€and€observe€its€confidentialĞ )y Ğnature.