ÿWPCƒ †a,œ]y´QzÌ8÷Ý«'‘‡øº£š»¨FlŬzíbR£9òñ—ŸSÂcYh´EåÕ’!£dTÔÕäý¯ŠH8‰æ9ûoäY‰-¦kœd‚Ávç8ÉÀœ!uÀM›8â™è'-2ã^ ”Ôt? ;jUÒÕ)ŠC™²1Àó‡Û½kaí0>c6Ýþ™ ~ô•a°r; ìfp™^à¼\»ÍÖ”šVñF«™”å$ß)Œê3¾5³ÄÆ×ŠÈr¨»)ÕoyXE6”аJÁ_iµdܹFõ%sµà…qD‹IšÅþFR®É†f•Í›è{§<Š$Žlµ#àÉÈ›²æNBžê.KÀ\Ï•ÂkóÓ6 É\u°@1Ÿ¤¶Ð@ùKÍs´òžî=vÅ”ö³O³½Ñ´µ ô­|½†»jÀ~KÙ*8Uf]ûí/:s{– mÂý×­²)i}ÐÃ›ÙÆ¬ß×jlçˆ0ÿ¢êfÔ¥•K¥­šì™£}ö^ÞÎ)¤5Ȍ‰]Ó`ó–²”c¢ã ÷_À¥ˆìòÒZÕwOZb“Õš¯’Õ΂õœA^uÿy9ï»wÎwËöD7ù!§=Ötgç‘5ÄZ¡dˆU>z̸ 0µ„ 0<9 0Yu 0_Î 0i- 0P–Ææ 0ᬠ0( D+µ AMà - 0Æ= #Á UNÄ %M(ND^ FwR4Vj mlô\  `‹&Times New Roman' J. R. C. [name deleted] v. Costa Rica, Communication No. 296/1988 (30 March 1989), U.N. Do4 March 1989), U.N. Do"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2L$££Ý ƒ¶ !ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€Xq?XXXÔÔ€Xq?XXXq?ÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(ž¶ $¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€Xy‡XXXÔÔ€Xy‡XXXy‡ÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX;‰ô* Äpì*ê:i¢Ø+00ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ¶ !ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€Xq?XXXÔÔ€Xq?XXXq?ÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòJ.€R.€C.€Ô_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_Ôv.Ô_Ô€Costa€RicaóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€296/1988Ð H˜ ÐÌ30€March€1989Ð  d ÐÌÌADMISSIBILITYó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:óó€J.€R.€C.€[name€deleted]òòÐ xÈ  ÐÌAlleged€victim:óó€The€authorÐ D”  ÐÌòòState€party€concerned:óó€Costa€RicaòòÐ ` ÐÌDate€of€communication:óó€25€March€1988€(date€of€initial€letter)óóÐ Ü, ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€CovenantÐ ŽÞ Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights,Ð tÄ ÐÌòòMeeting€óóon€30€March€1989,Ð @ ÐÌòòAdopts€óóthe€following:Ð  \ ÐÌÌÓÓòòò òÓ  ÓDecision€on€admissibilityó óóóÐ ¾ ÐÓGÓÓÓÌÌ1.€The€author€of€the€communication€(initial€letter€dated€25€March€1988,€and€further€letterÐ p!À  Ðdated€27€December€1988)€is€J.€R.€C.,€of€undetermined€nationality,€at€present€detained€at€theÐ V"¦! ÐÔ_ÔCentroÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔDetencionesÔ_Ô€de€San€Sebastin€in€San€Ô_ÔJosÔ_Ô,€Costa€Rica,€awaiting€expulsion€fromÐ <#Œ" Ðthat€country.€He€states€that€according€to€his€adoptive€parents€he€was€born€in€Mexico,€but€thatÐ "$r# Ðthere€is€no€evidence€of€this€fact€and€that€he€has€no€document€to€establish€his€identity.€HeÐ %X $ Ðclaims€to€be€a€victim€of€violation€of€articles€9€and€14€of€the€International€Covenant€on€CivilÐ î%>!% Ðand€Political€Rights€by€Costa€Rica.€He€is€represented€by€counsel.Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ2.1€He€states€that€on€4€July€1982€he€clandestinely€entered€Costa€Rica€from€Nicaragua,€whereÐ  (ð#( Ðhe€had€participated€in€the€Sandinista€movement.€The€Costa€Rican€immigration€police,Ð †)Ö$) Ðhowever,€arrested€him€and€a€tribunal€sentenced€him€to€two€ears'€imprisonment€on€chargesÐ l*¼%* Ðof€"ideological€falsehood"€and€use€of€a€false€document.€In€1985,€upon€completion€of€his€termÐ R+¢&+ Ðof€imprisonment,€he€was€expelled€to€Honduras,€where€police€authorities€immediatelyÐ 8,ˆ', Ðdetained€him€under€charges€of€having€participated€in€a€Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô€said€to€have€occurred€inÐ -n(- Ð1981.€After€escaping€from€prison€in€1987,€he€re„entered€Costa€Rica€in€order€to€marry€a€CostaÐ ° ÐRican€woman€by€whom€he€had€a€son€out€of€wedlock.€On€24€November€1987,€however,€heÐ –æ Ðwas€again€detained€by€Costa€Rican€police.Ð |Ì ÐÌ2.2€With€regard€to€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€author€states€that€on€11Ð H˜ ÐDecember€1987€he€invoked€article€48€of€the€Costa€Rican€Constitution€before€the€Costa€RicanÐ . ~ ÐSupreme€Court,€requesting€to€be€released€from€detention€or,€in€the€alternative,€to€be€broughtÐ  d Ðbefore€a€judge€if€there€were€any€charges€against€him.€The€Supreme€Court,€however,€deniedÐ ú J Ðthe€author's€requests€on€the€grounds€that€on€25€November€1987€the€Ministry€of€ImmigrationÐ à 0 Ðhad€adopted€a€resolution€to€deport€him€as€a€danger€to€national€security.€The€author€claimsÐ Æ   Ðthat€he€has€exhausted€all€domestic€remedies€available.Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ3.€By€decision€of€8€July€1988,€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ xÈ  Ðtransmitted€the€communication€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure€to€theÐ ^®  ÐState€party,€requesting€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€theÐ D”  Ðadmissibility€of€the€communication.Ð *z  ÐÌ4.1€In€its€submission€under€rule€91,€dated€31€October€1988,€the€State€party€objects€to€theÐ öF Ðadmissibility€of€the€communication€under€article€3€of€the€Optional€Protocol€as€incompatibleÐ Ü, Ðwith€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant€and€as€an€abuse€of€the€right€of€submission€and,€underÐ Â Ðarticle€5,€paragraph€2€(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€because€the€author€has€not€exhausted€allÐ ¨ø Ðavailable€domestic€remedies.Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ4.2€With€regard€to€the€facts,€the€State€party€points€out€that€the€author:€"...€possesses€noÐ Zª Ðdocuments€accrediting€him€as€a€citizen€of€any€country,€and€therefore€considers€himself€toÐ @ Ðbe€stateless.€There€are€indications€that€he€may€have€been€born€in€Mexico,€but€there€is€noÐ &v Ðevidence€to€confirm€this.€He€took€an€active€part€in€the€revolutionary€struggle€in€Nicaragua,Ð  \ Ðwhich€culminated€in€the€overthrow€of€the€Ô_ÔrgimeÔ_Ô€by€the€Sandinistas€and€the€establishmentÐ òB Ðof€the€Government€of€the€Sandinista€National€Liberation€Front.€He€was€also€involved€inÐ Ø( Ðguerrilla€activities,€alternately€in€Ô_ÔE1Ô_Ô€Salvador€and€Honduras,€and€also€in€Nicaragua,€betweenÐ ¾ Ð1978€and€1981.€He€has€been€linked€with€the€Sandinista€National€Liberation€Front€and€isÐ ¤ô Ðknown€among€Central€American€guerrillas€by€the€alias€of€'Commander€Ô_ÔSarakÔ_Ô'."Ð Š Ú ÐÌ4.3€In€July€1982,€he€entered€Costa€Rican€territory€clandestinely€and€without€documents.€HeÐ V"¦! Ðnever€took€any€steps€to€obtain€migrant€status€in€Costa€Rica.€However,€he€did€try€to€obtainÐ <#Œ" Ðpapers€identifying€him€as€a€refugee€through€the€Regional€Office€of€the€United€Nations€HighÐ "$r# ÐCommissioner€for€Refugees€(Ô_ÔUNHCRÔ_Ô)€in€Costa€Rica,€by€using€false€documents.€He€wasÐ %X $ Ðarrested€in€Costa€Rican€territory€together€with€other€aliens€in€1982,€in€the€city€of€Liberia,Ð î%>!% Ðarmed€with€an€M„23€sub„machine„gun€and€ammunition.€The€papers€confiscated€from€himÐ Ô&$"& Ðon€this€occasion€included€documents€implicating€him€in€a€terrorist€plan€to€attack€theÐ º' #' ÐGuatemalan€Embassy€at€San€Ô_ÔJosÔ_Ô,€in€order€to€take€diplomats€hostage€and€subsequently€toÐ  (ð#( Ðdemand€a€cash€ransom€as€well€as€the€release€and€granting€of€amnesty€to€Guatemalan€politicalÐ †)Ö$) Ðprisoners€and€their€transfer€to€Mexico.Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ4.4€He€was€tried€and€sentenced€by€the€Costa€Rican€court€in€1982€on€two€charges€ofÐ 8,ˆ', Ð"ideological€falsehood"€and€one€charge€of€the€use€of€false€documents,€and€sentenced€to€Ô_ÔtwoÐ -n(- Ðyears'€imprisonment.€On€completion€of€his€sentence,€the€Costa€Rican€authorities€ordered€hisÐ ° Ðdeportation,€and€this€subsequently€took€place€after€considerable€efforts€to€find€a€Country€thatÐ –æ Ðwould€agree€to€take€him.€It€was€finally€possible€to€deport€him€to€Honduras€on€1€OctoberÐ |Ì Ð1985,€and€he€was€then€banned€from€entering€the€national€territory.Ð b² ÐÌ4.5€Subsequently,€although€it€is€not€known€exactly€when,€he€re„entered€Costa€Rican€territoryÐ . ~ Ðclandestinely€and€illegally.€He€was€again€arrested€by€the€Costa€Rican€authorities€on€24Ð  d ÐNovember€1987€and€immediately,€in€a€decision€taken€on€25€November€1987,€theÐ ú J ÐDirectorate„General€for€Migration€and€Aliens'€Affairs€again€ordered€his€deportation,€sinceÐ à 0 Ðhe€was€illegally€in€the€country,€had€previously€been€deported€and€had€a€criminal€record€thatÐ Æ   Ðmarked€him€out€as€a€dangerous€person€and€a€threat€to€national€security€and€public€order.€HeÐ ¬ ü  Ðwas€detained€until€a€country€could€be€found€that€would€agree€to€take€him.€The€State€partyÐ ’â  Ðpoints€out€that€it€has€approached€the€consulates€and€embassies€of€numerous€friendlyÐ xÈ  Ðcountries,€thus€far€without€success,€and€that€it€is€continuing€its€Ô_ÔendeavoursÔ_Ô€to€find€a€receivingÐ ^®  Ðcountry.Ð D”  ÐÌ5.1€The€State€party€further€observes€that€the€author€committed€the€serious€offence€ofÐ ` Ðunlawful€association€prejudicial€to€the€public€peace.€For€this€offence,€the€Second€HigherÐ öF ÐCriminal€Court,€First€Section,€of€San€Ô_ÔJosÔ_Ô,€in€a€judgement€handed€down€on€7€DecemberÐ Ü, Ð1982,€sentenced€him€to€two€years'€imprisonment.Ð Â ÐÌ5.2€From€the€above€judgement€it€emerges€that€the€following€was€proved€in€the€proceedings:Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ"(a)€The€author€received€political€and€military€instruction€in€the€Republic€of€Cuba€and,€at€theÐ Zª Ðtime€when€the€offence€was€committed,€was€part€of€a€guerrilla€commando€known€as€theÐ @ Ð'Ernesto€Ô_ÔCheÔ_Ô€Guevara€Commando',€in€which€he€was€known€as€'Commander€Ô_ÔSarakÔ_Ô';Ð &v ÐÌ"(b)€At€the€time€when€he€was€arrested,€an€M„23€sub„machine„gun€was€confiscated€from€himÐ òB Ðwith€four€magazines€and€170€9€mm„Ô_ÔcalibreÔ_Ô€projectiles€for€that€weapon,€and€triangular€black„Ð Ø( Ðcloth€masks,€one€of€which€carried€a€badge€reading€'Ô_ÔCheÔ_Ô€Guevara€Commando'.€A€number€ofÐ ¾ Ðdocuments€were€also€confiscated,€including€one€confirming€his€membership€of€the€guerrillaÐ ¤ô Ðmovement€and€the€draft€of€a€'war€report'€of€the€so„called€'Ô_ÔCheÔ_Ô€Guevara€Commando';Ð Š Ú ÐÌ"(c)€The€Commando€was€proposing€to€carry€out€in€Costa€Rican€territory€a€terroristÐ V"¦! Ðoperational€known€as€'Death€to€the€Fascist€Government€of€Guatemala'.€The€details€of€thisÐ <#Œ" Ðterrorist€attack€against€the€Guatemalan€Embassy€at€San€Ô_ÔJosÔ_Ô€and€its€aims€are€specified€in€theÐ "$r# Ðjudgement€of€the€court;Ð %X $ ÐÌ"(d)€The€author€of€this€communication,€the€accused€in€the€trial€in€question,€admitted€to€theÐ Ô&$"& Ðcourts€that€he€was€part€of€the€'Ô_ÔCheÔ_Ô€Guevara'€guerrilla€commando€and€gave€details€of€plansÐ º' #' Ðwhich€were€going€to€be€put€into€effect€in€Costa€Rica,€coinciding€with€the€details€of€the€'warÐ  (ð#( Ðreport'€confiscated€from€him€when€he€was€arrested.€Mr.€J.€R.€C.€added€that€the€commandoÐ †)Ö$) Ðof€which€he€was€chief€was€made€up€of€two€other€men€who€were€not€arrested,€and€that€oneÐ l*¼%* Ðof€them€was€also€carrying€a€sub„machine„gun;Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌ"(e)€Documentary€evidence€was€adduced€at€the€trial€proving€that€the€author€was€in€theÐ -n(- Ðvanguard€of€the€army€of€the€Sandinista€National€Liberation€Front,€as€a€member€of€theÐ ° Ð'Ô_ÔFilemð;ðnÔ_Ô€Rivera'€and€'Ô_ÔFacundoÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔPicadoÔ_Ô'€columns."Ð –æ ÐÌ6.1€With€regard€to€an€alleged€violation€of€article€9,€paragraph€1,€of€the€Covenant,€the€StateÐ b² Ðparty€submits€that€this€provision€does€not€apply€to€the€author€because€he€entered€illegallyÐ H˜ Ðinto€the€national€territory€and€is€breaking€the€country's€laws€(since€he€was€prohibited€fromÐ . ~ Ðentering€Costa€Rica€by€a€final€decision€of€1€October€1985€of€the€Directorate„General€forÐ  d ÐMigration€and€Aliens'€Affairs).€The€State€party€further€submits€that€there€are€other€provisionsÐ ú J Ðof€the€Covenant€relating€to€liberty€of€person€and€freedom€of€movement€which€show€thatÐ à 0 Ðpersons€who€are€unlawfully€in€the€territory€of€a€State€do€not€have€the€right€to€reside€in€theÐ Æ   Ðcountry€or€to€move€freely€within€it.€These€restrictions€are€set€out€in€article€12,€paragraph€1,Ð ¬ ü  Ðof€the€Covenant.€Pursuing€the€analysis€of€the€provisions€of€article€9,€paragraph€1,€of€theÐ ’â  ÐCovenant,€the€State€party€argues:Ð xÈ  ÐÌ"...€that€the€author€is€not€subject€to€arbitrary€detention€or€imprisonment,€since€he€has€beenÐ D”  Ðdetained€under€a€decision€by€the€competent€authority€and€if€he€is€deprived€of€his€freedomÐ *z  Ðthis€is€because€in€accordance€with€the€Migrants€and€Aliens€Act€and€its€regulations€anyoneÐ ` Ðwho€has€unlawfully€entered€the€country€and€who€is€under€an€order€of€expulsion€shall€be€keptÐ öF Ðin€detention€during€the€deportation€procedure,€particularly€if€allowing€him€to€remain€atÐ Ü, Ðliberty€would€endanger€national€security€and€public€order.€The€author's€background€showsÐ Â Ðhim€to€be€a€highly€dangerous€person€owing€to€his€past€guerrilla€and€terrorist€activities,€asÐ ¨ø Ðwell€as€his€criminal€record€in€Costa€Rica,€where€he€was€sentenced€for€a€number€of€offences.Ð ŽÞ ÐThe€security€measures€adopted€by€the€State€in€keeping€him€in€detention€until€he€can€beÐ tÄ Ðdeported€are€therefore€fully€justified."Ð Zª ÐÌThe€length€of€the€author's€detention€pending€deportation€is€attributable€to€the€fact€that€inÐ &v Ðspite€of€concerted€efforts€by€the€State€party,€no€other€country€has€hitherto€agreed€to€acceptÐ  \ ÐMr.€J.€R.€C.€into€its€territory.Ð òB ÐÌ6.2€With€regard€to€an€alleged€violation€of€article€9,€paragraph€4,€of€the€Covenant,€the€StateÐ ¾ Ðparty€submits€that€the€evidence€presented€by€the€author€himself€demonstrates€that€his€claimÐ ¤ô Ðis€unfounded,€since€on€11€December€1987€he€applied€for€òòhabeas€corpus€óóbefore€the€SupremeÐ Š Ú ÐCourt€of€Justice,€which€on€5€January€1988€declared€the€application€unfounded,€thusÐ p!À  Ðconfirming€the€lawfulness€of€his€detention.€In€its€decision,€the€Court€stated€that€"in€the€caseÐ V"¦! Ðof€aliens€unlawfully€present€in€the€territory€of€the€Republic,€detention:€constitutes€theÐ <#Œ" Ðphysical€means€of€ensuring€their€expulsion,€a€measure€already€decreed€by€the€Directorate„Ð "$r# ÐGeneral€for€Migration€and€Aliens'€Affairs".Ð %X $ ÐÌ6.3€With€regard€to€an€alleged€violation€of€article€14€of€the€Covenant,€the€State€party€submitsÐ Ô&$"& Ðthat€at€the€time€when€the€author€submitted€his€communication,€no€criminal€charge€had€beenÐ º' #' Ðbrought€against€him€for€his€second€illegal€entry€into€Costa€Rican€territory.€The€State,€actingÐ  (ð#( Ðthrough€the€Directorate„General€for€Migration€and€Aliens'€Affairs,€merely€ordered€theÐ †)Ö$) Ðdeportation€of€Mr.€J.€R.€C.€for€entering€the€country€illegally€once€the€Costa€Rican€authoritiesÐ l*¼%* Ðhad€decided€to€deport€the€author,€and€their€sole€responsibility€was€to€expedite€the€process,Ð R+¢&+ Ðand€to€find€a€country€which€would€agree€to€accept€him.Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- Ð6.4€With€regard€to€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€State€party€submits€that:Ð ° ÐÌ"If,€on€entering€the€national€territory,€the€author€had€intended€to€seek€a€means€of€remainingÐ |Ì Ðin€the€country€with€some€kind€of€status€as€a€migrant,€the€correct€procedure€would€have€beenÐ b² Ðto€apply€to€the€courts€to€invalidate€the€expulsion€order,€proving€that€this€decision€on€the€partÐ H˜ Ðof€the€Directorate„General€for€Migration€and€Aliens'€Affairs€was€not€legally€correct.€For€thisÐ . ~ Ðpurpose€the€author€had€normal€remedies€available,€and€could€have€filed€an€administrativeÐ  d Ðpetition€in€accordance€with€article€49€of€the€Political€Constitution€and€article€20€of€the€ActÐ ú J ÐRegulating€Administrative€Jurisdiction,€No.€3667€of€12€March€1966€...€"Ð à 0 ÐÌ"This€was€not€the€procedure€chosen€by€the€author€...€With€his€communication€to€the€HumanÐ ¬ ü  ÐRights€Committee,€Mr.€[R.€C.]€is€Ô_ÔendeavouringÔ_Ô€to€cancel€his€detention,€which€is€aÐ ’â  Ðprecautionary€measure€and€the€consequence€and€result€of€the€deportation€order€issued€by€theÐ xÈ  Ðcompetent€authorities,€instead€of€Ô_ÔendeavouringÔ_Ô€to€have€the€order€reversed€by€means€of€theÐ ^®  Ðremedies€provided€by€law,€which€he€has€not€used."Ð D”  ÐÌ7.1€On€27€December€1988,€the€author€commented€on€the€State€party's€submission,€pointingÐ ` Ðout€that€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies€in€his€case€would€be€"highly€technical,€slowÐ öF Ðand€expensive",€whereas€international€human€rights€law€only€requires€the€exhaustion€ofÐ Ü, Ðremedies€that€are€adequate€and€effective.€According€to€him,€the€only€effective€remedy€in€hisÐ Â Ðcase€would€have€been€a€successful€action€of€òòhabeas€corpus,€óówhich€the€Supreme€Court€ofÐ ¨ø ÐCosta€Rica€had€denied.€The€author€therefore€contends€that€effective€remedies€have€beenÐ ŽÞ Ðexhausted.Ð tÄ ÐÌ7.2€With€respect€to€the€State€party's€argument€that€the€only€reason€for€the€author's€detentionÐ @ Ðis€to€assure€his€deportation,€the€author€complains€that€such€detention€has€provedÐ &v Ðdisproportionate€and€indefinite.Ð  \ ÐÌ8.1€Before€considering€any€claims€in€a€communication,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€must,Ð Ø( Ðin€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€decide€whether€or€not€it€isÐ ¾ Ðadmissible€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.Ð ¤ô ÐÌ8.2€Article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),€of€the€Optional€Protocol€precludes€the€Committee€fromÐ p!À  Ðconsidering€a€communication€if€the€same€matter€is€being€examined€under€another€procedureÐ V"¦! Ðof€international€investigation€or€settlement.€In€this€connection€the€committee€has€ascertainedÐ <#Œ" Ðthat€the€same€matter€is€not€being€examined€under€another€procedure€of€internationalÐ "$r# Ðinvestigation€or€settlement.Ð %X $ ÐÌ8.3€Article€5,€paragraph€2€(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol€precludes€the€Committee€fromÐ Ô&$"& Ðconsidering€a€communication€unless€domestic€remedies€have€been€exhausted.€In€thisÐ º' #' Ðconnection€the€Committee€notes€that€the€State€party€has€indicated€that€administrative€andÐ  (ð#( Ðjudicial€remedies€are€still€available€to€the€author,€that€he€could€still€file€an€administrativeÐ †)Ö$) Ðpetition€to€invalidate€the€expulsion€order,€and,€if€unsuccessful,€could€apply€to€the€courts€forÐ l*¼%* Ðreview.€The€author's€belief€that€these€remedies€would€be€highly€technical,€slow€andÐ R+¢&+ Ðexpensive€does€not€absolve€him€from€the€requirement€of€at€least€engaging€the€relevantÐ 8,ˆ', Ðprocedures.Ð -n(- Ї8.4€The€Committee€has€also€examined€whether€the€conditions€of€articles€2€and€3€of€theÐ ° ÐOptional€Protocol€have€been€met.€With€regard€to€a€possible€breach€of€article€9€of€theÐ –æ ÐCovenant,€the€Committee€notes€that€this€article€prohibits€arbitrary€arrest€and€detention.€TheÐ |Ì Ðauthor€was€lawfully€arrested€and€detained€in€connection€with€his€unauthorized€entry€intoÐ b² ÐCosta€Rica.€The€Committee€observes€that€the€author€is€being€detained€pending€deportationÐ H˜ Ðand€that€the€State€party€is€Ô_ÔendeavouringÔ_Ô€to€find€a€host€country€willing€to€accept€him.€In€thisÐ . ~ Ðconnection,€the€Committee€notes€that€the€State€party€has€pleaded€reasons€of€national€securityÐ  d Ðin€connection€with€the€proceedings€to€deport€him.€It€is€not€for€the€Committee€to€test€aÐ ú J Ðsovereign€State's€evaluation€of€an€alien's€security€rating.€With€respect€to€a€possible€violationÐ à 0 Ðof€article€14€of€the€Covenant,€a€thorough€examination€of€the€communication€has€not€revealedÐ Æ   Ðany€facts€in€substantiation€of€the€author's€claim€to€be€a€victim€of€a€violation€of€this€article.Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ9.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decides:Ð xÈ  ÐÌ(a)€The€communication€is€inadmissible€under€articles€2,€3€and€5,€paragraph€2€(b),€of€theÐ D”  ÐOptional€Protocol€because€the€author's€claims€are€either€unsubstantiated€or€incompatible€withÐ *z  Ðthe€provisions€of€the€Covenant,€and€because€domestic€remedies€have€not€been€exhausted;Ð ` ÐÌ(b)€This€decision€shall€be€communicated€to€the€author€and€to€the€State€party.Ð Ü, ÐÓ—Ó