’WPCS 厶d’įp<eŲTtEnÕĻŌĀš#ŻL•TƂĪM}N/N±Ł©Õ|įŃiyŃ:»ųÄ ÓÜk3W‡r-?·ä~4£Q£!= ģŹQōlCż$>¼Y˜o~«"G­ŪÖ2Aø0¶‹(ŅōAēń³Ö`ś,·Sq™®I¹Ų>äł²yzī†Ÿ°ć öÄō[X–QR©‰ā›‹c>ž„ųÕnj~ƒųē,Ŗų³įšģ–¢Ō 0µv 0<+ 0Yg 0_Ą 0iʈ 0ŃN 0( D+G AMr r r æ 0NĻ 0¶ #ĮÓ UN” %ā Mč (ģ N^ w"4&: m<ō\  `‹&Times New Roman' C.P. and his son M.P. v. Denmark, Communication No. 5/1994, U.N. Doc. "Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ’’4Heading 3Ō S ŌÓ p^SÓŌ€£££Ōņ ņŌ  ŌŌ  ŌŌ€XXXŌó óÓ p^SÓ<’’:Default Para6’’4HyperlinkóóņņŌ ’ ŌóóŌ  Ō<’’:FollowedHypeóóņņŌ  ŌóóŌ  Ō< ’’:Normal (Web)Ō S ŌÓ =jSÓÓ =jSӁ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(©2—O$££Ż ƒ¶L!ŻŅÜ°ŅŅÜ°ŅŌ..ŌŌ  ŌŌ  ŌÓ  ÓŌ€XüXXXŌŌ€XüXXXüŌŻ  Ż(’’$’’'dxd A<< c’’#|x(ĶO$——Ō’ŌņņóóŌ’Ō(Ž¶L$””ŅÜ°ŅŅÜ°ŅŌ..ŌŌ  ŌŌ  ŌÓ  ÓŌ€XēCXXXŌŌ€XēCXXXēCŌ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ČhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX˜ō* Äpģ*ź:i¢Ų+00 ’U‹’ĄĄĄŻ ƒ¶L!ŻŅÜ°ŅŅÜ°ŅŌ..ŌŌ  ŌŌ  ŌÓ  ÓŌ€XüXXXŌŌ€XüXXXüŌŻ  ŻŌ_Ōņ ņCOMMITTEE€ON€THE€ELIMINATION€OF€RACIAL€DISCRIMINATIONŠ ° ŠĢņņC.P.€and€Ō_ŌM.P.Ō_Ō€v.€DenmarkóóŠ |Ģ ŠĢCommunication€No.€5/1994*Š H˜ ŠĢ15€March€1995Š  d ŠĢŌ_ŌCERDŌ_Ō/C/46/D/5/1994Š ą 0 ŠĢĢADMISSIBILITYó óŠ ’ā  ŠĢĢņņņņSubmitted€byóó:€C.P.Š D”  ŠĢņņAlleged€victimsóó:€The€author€and€his€son,€M.P.Š ` ŠĢņņState€party€concernedóó:€DenmarkŠ Ü, ŠĢņņDate€of€communicationóó:€13€January€1994€(initial€submission)€óóŠ Øų ŠĢĢņņÓ  ÓThe€Committee€on€the€Elimination€of€Racial€Discriminationóó,€established€under€article€8€ofŠ ZŖ Šthe€International€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€Racial€Discrimination,Š @ ŠĢņņMeetingóó€on€15€March€1995,Š  \ ŠĢņņAdoptsóó€the€following:Š Ų( ŠÓ0ÓĢĢņņÓ  Óņ ņDecision€on€admissibilityó óóó€Š Š Ś ŠÓ“ÓĢĢÓ  ÓÓ  Ó1.€The€author€of€the€communication€is€C.P.,€an€American€citizen€of€African€origin€living€inŠ <#Œ" ŠRoskilde,€Denmark.€He€submits€the€communication€on€his€behalf€and€on€behalf€of€his€son,Š "$r# Šand€contends€that€they€have€been€the€victims€of€racial€discrimination€by€the€municipal€andŠ %X $ Špolice€authorities€of€Roskilde€and€the€Danish€judicial€system.€He€does€not€invoke€specificŠ ī%>!% Šprovisions€of€the€International€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€RacialŠ Ō&$"& ŠDiscrimination.Š ŗ' #' ŠĢņņThe€facts€as€submitted€by€the€authoróó:Š †)Ö$) ŠĢ2.1€The€author€is€an€African€American,€who€has€been€residing€in€Denmark€since€1963;€heŠ R+¢&+ Šmarried€a€Danish€citizen€in€1963,€who€later€left€him€and€from€whom€he€is€now€divorced.Š 8,ˆ', ŠFrom€1964€to€1972,€he€worked€for€a€chemicals€company€in€Roskilde;€from€1972€to€anŠ -n(- Šunspecified€date,€he€worked€for€Kodak€Inc.,€as€shop€steward€in€a€warehouse.€In€SeptemberŠ ° Š1990,€he€was€elected€shop€steward€at€the€Roskilde€Technical€School.€He€contends€thatŠ –ę Šstarting€in€October€1990,€students€of€the€school€began€to€display€signs€of€racism€towardsŠ |Ģ Šhim;€the€school€authorities€allegedly€did€not€intervene.€Mr.€P.€claims€that€a€number€ofŠ b² Šstudents,€with€the€blessing€of€their€teacher,€carved€a€racially€offensive€inscription€andŠ H˜ Šcartoon€into€a€red€brick.€The€inscription€ran€approximately€as€follows:€"A€coal€black€manŠ . ~ Šhanging€from€a€gallows,€with€large€red€lips".€Under€this€was€inscribed€the€word€"nigger".Š  d ŠThis€brick€and€other,€similar€ones,€allegedly€were€openly€displayed€in€the€author's€workingŠ ś J Šarea.€Again,€the€school€authorities€failed€to€intervene€and€allowed€the€display€to€continue.Š ą 0 ŠĢ2.2€On€19€November€1990,€the€author€participated€in€a€meeting€of€the€School€Staff€Council;Š ¬ ü  Šat€the€meeting,€he€showed€two€of€the€bricks€and€asked€the€school's€support€in€fighting€orŠ ’ā  Šsuppressing€this€form€of€racism.€To€his€surprise,€the€director€of€the€school€criticized€him€forŠ xČ  Šraising€the€issue;€no€measures€were€taken€to€identify€the€students€responsible€for€theŠ ^®  Š"display".€The€author€adds€that€after€the€meeting,€the€school€director,€head€teacher€andŠ D”  Štechnical€manager€refused€to€talk€to€him.Š *z  ŠĢ2.3€In€January€1991,€the€author€was€informed€that€he€was€to€leave€immediately,€with€tenŠ öF Šminutes'€notice€only,€the€area€where€he€had€been€working€since€being€hired€by€the€school.Š Ü, ŠHe€attributes€this€to€the€hostile€and€discriminatory€attitude€of€the€school€superintendent€andŠ Ā Šothers€towards€him.€Still€in€January€1991,€the€author€was€asked€to€carry€out€certain€tasks€inŠ Øų Šthe€school€cafeteria,€during€student€breaks.€Here,€he€allegedly€was€again€confronted€with€theŠ ŽŽ Šracist€remarks€and€slogans€of€the€students€directed€towards€him;€when€he€asked€the€schoolŠ tÄ Šdirector€to€be€removed€from€the€area,€the€latter€refused.€In€May€1991,€after€what€the€authorŠ ZŖ Šrefers€to€as€"months€of€racial€harassment",€the€school€director€and€technical€managerŠ @ Šdismissed€him.Š &v ŠĢ2.4€As€to€the€events€concerning€his€son,€the€author€submits€the€following:€on€20€July€1991,Š ņB Šthe€author's€son€M.,€then€15€years€old,€was€stopped€on€his€bicycle€at€a€traffic€light€by€a€groupŠ Ų( Šof€four€young€men€aged€17€and€18,€who€severely€beat€him,€using,€ņņinter€aliaóó,€beer€bottles.€M.Š ¾ Šsustained€a€number€of€injuries€(nose,€front,€cheeks€and€jaw),€which€have€since€necessitatedŠ ¤ō Šnumerous€plastic€surgery€interventions;€the€last€such€intervention€was€in€1994.€AccordingŠ Š Ś Što€the€author,€all€four€men€had€previously€made€racist€slurs€and€remarks€to€his€son€and€that,Š p!Ą  Šin€1988,€they€had€tried€to€drown€him€in€a€lake€in€a€public€park.€This€previous€incident€hadŠ V"¦! Šbeen€reported€to€the€police€which€did€not,€according€to€the€author,€investigate€it€butŠ <#Œ" Šdismissed€it€as€a€"boyish€joke".Š "$r# ŠĢ2.5€The€author€immediately€reported€the€incident€of€20€July€1991€to€the€police.€HeŠ ī%>!% Šcomplains€that€the€police€requested€to€see€his€residence€permit€and€a€copy€of€his€rentalŠ Ō&$"& Šagreement€instead€of€swiftly€investigating€the€matter;€according€to€him,€the€police€wasŠ ŗ' #' Šreluctant€to€investigate€the€incident€expeditiously€and€thoroughly,€which€allegedly€had€to€doŠ  (š#( Šwith€his€colour.€Two€of€his€son's€assailants€were€briefly€kept€in€police€custody€forŠ †)Ö$) Šinterrogation;€another€was€remanded€in€custody€for€another€week.Š l*¼%* ŠĢ2.6€The€author€claims€that€the€court€proceedings€against€his€son's€aggressors€were€biased,Š 8,ˆ', Šand€that€the€defendants€were€allowed€to€"distort"€the€evidence€in€the€case.€Eventually,€oneŠ -n(- Šreceived€a€suspended€prison€sentence€of€60€days,€whereas€two€others€were€sentenced€to€payŠ ° Šten€daily€fines€of€50€and€100€Danish€Kronors€(DKK),€respectively.€According€to€the€author,Š –ę Šthe€outcome€of€the€case€was€at€odds€with€the€medical€evidence€presented€and€the€doctor'sŠ |Ģ Štestimony€in€court.€Mr.€P.€complains€about€an€alleged€"judicial€cover„up"€of€the€case,€notingŠ b² Šthat€the€mother€of€one€of€the€defendants€works€for€the€Roskilde€District€Court.€The€author'sŠ H˜ Šattempts€to€have€the€case€removed€from€the€docket€of€the€Roskilde€District€Court€and€movedŠ . ~ Što€another€venue€in€Copenhagen€were€unsuccessful.€In€his€initial€submission,€the€author€doesŠ  d Šnot€state€whether€he€appealed€the€sentence€against€his€son's€aggressors€pronounced€by€theŠ ś J ŠDistrict€Court.Š ą 0 ŠĢ2.7€Concerning€his€dismissal€from€the€Roskilde€Technical€School,€the€author€notes€that€heŠ ¬ ü  Šfiled€a€complaint€for€"racial€harassment€and€unlawful€dismissal".€This€complaint€was€heardŠ ’ā  Šon€8€and€9€April€1992,€eleven€months€after€the€dismissal;€it€appears€that,€initially,€the€caseŠ xČ  Šwas€to€be€heard€in€January€1992.€The€author€asserts€that€the€school€director€and€the€technicalŠ ^®  Šmanager€"conspired"€to€distort€and€blur€all€the€evidence.€The€judge€dismissed€the€author'sŠ D”  Šcomplaint,€in€a€reasoned€judgment€of€29€pages,€adding€that€Mr.€P.€was€not€entitled€toŠ *z  Šmonetary€compensation€but€to€have€his€court€and€legal€fees€waived.€According€to€the€author,Š ` Šthe€judge€refused€to€grant€leave€to€a€higher€tribunal.€On€10€June€1992,€therefore,€the€authorŠ öF Šwrote€to€the€Attorney„General,€who€advised€him€to€submit€the€case€to€the€Civil€RightsŠ Ü, ŠDepartment.€By€letter€dated€3€February€1993,€the€Department€replied€that€the€deadline€forŠ Ā Šfiling€an€appeal€had€expired.€The€author€suspects€that,€since€he€had€told€his€legalŠ Øų Šrepresentative€that€he€wanted€to€appeal,€all€the€parties€involved€are€"conspiring€that€heŠ ŽŽ Š[should]€not€bring€a€racism€case€against€...€the€Danish€Government".Š tÄ ŠĢ2.8€Finally,€the€author€refers€to€a€malpractice€suit€which€he€filed€against€his€lawyer.€ItŠ @ Štranspires€from€his€submissions€that€a€panel€of€lawyers€and€judges,€which€included€a€judgeŠ &v Šof€the€Danish€Supreme€Court,€has€also€dismissed€this€complaint.Š  \ ŠĢņņThe€complaintóó:Š Ų( ŠĢ3.1€The€author€complains€that€he€and€his€son€have€been€victims€of€racial€discrimination€onŠ ¤ō Šthe€part€of€the€Roskilde€police€and€judicial€authorities,€and€concludes€that€the€judicial€systemŠ Š Ś Šand€legal€profession€have€shown€much€solidarity€in€covering€up€and€dismissing€his€own€andŠ p!Ą  Šhis€son's€case.€He€contends€that€there€is€no€domestic€law€which€would€protect€non„citizensŠ V"¦! Šand€non„whites€from€racial€harassment€and€unlawful€dismissal€in€Denmark.Š <#Œ" ŠĢ3.2€The€author€seeks:€(a)€a€ruling€under€whose€terms€he€is€given€a€new€hearing€in€his€suit€forŠ %X $ Šunlawful€dismissal€against€the€Roskilde€Technical€School;€(b)€the€Committee'sŠ ī%>!% Šrecommendation€that€the€aggressors€of€his€son€be€re„indicted€and€prosecuted/tried€once€againŠ Ō&$"& Šfor€the€offence€of€20€July€1991;€and€(c)€a€condemnation€of€the€attitude€of€the€police€andŠ ŗ' #' Šjudicial€authorities€involved€in€the€case.Š  (š#( ŠĢņņThe€State€party's€information€and€observations€and€the€author's€commentsóó:Š l*¼%* ŠĢ4.1€In€its€submission€under€rule€92€of€the€Committee's€rules€of€procedure,€the€State€partyŠ 8,ˆ', Šdivides€the€complaint€into€the€suit€for€unlawful€dismissal€filed€by€Mr.€P.€and€the€criminalŠ -n(- Šproceedings€against€the€presumed€aggressors€of€his€son.Š ° ŠĢ4.2€As€to€the€first€issue,€the€State€party€observes€that,€in€April€1992,€the€Roskilde€CourtŠ |Ģ Šheard€the€complaint€filed€by€the€author€on€19€November€1991€with€a€request€that€he€beŠ b² Šawarded€100,000€DKK€for€unlawful€dismissal,€and€that€it€delivered€its€judgment€on€5€MayŠ H˜ Š1992.€It€notes€that€the€author's€claim,€based€on€Section€26€of€the€Liability€for€Damages€Act,Š . ~ Šwas€founded€partly€on€the€argument€that€the€Technical€School€had€not€taken€any€measuresŠ  d Šin€connection€with€the€appearance€of€the€bricks€with€typically€racist€motives,€partly€on€theŠ ś J Šclaim€that€the€school€had€remained€passive€vis„„vis€the€author's€request€to€discuss€the€matterŠ ą 0 Šin€the€Cooperation€Committee,€partly€on€the€claim€that€the€school€had€reacted€to€the€author'sŠ Ę   Šgrievances€by€transferring€him€to€a€post€including€work€as€a€canteen€watchman,€and€that€theŠ ¬ ü  Šschool€had€later€dismissed€him€without€any€valid€reason.Š ’ā  ŠĢ4.3€The€State€party€notes€that€the€Court,€in€its€judgment,€found€that€the€author€had€notŠ ^®  Šsubmitted€the€matter€involving€the€display€of€the€bricks€to€the€school€authorities€until€severalŠ D”  Šweeks€after€Mr.€P.€had€first€seen€the€bricks.€This€delay,€the€Court€held,€contributedŠ *z  Šsignificantly€to€impeding€the€investigations€into€who€was€responsible€for€the€display.€On€thatŠ ` Šground,€it€concluded€that€the€mere€fact€that€investigations€were€slack€was€not€in€itselfŠ öF Šsufficient€to€hold€the€school€liable€for€damages.Š Ü, ŠĢ4.4€The€Court,€in€its€judgment,€characterized€as€"very€unfortunate"€the€failure€of€the€schoolŠ Øų Što€take€up€Mr.€P.'s€complaints€for€detailed€discussion€of€the€incident€in€the€CooperationŠ ŽŽ ŠCommittee€when€asked€to€do€so,€but€found€that€this€alone€did€not€give€rise€to€liability€forŠ tÄ Šdamages.€The€Court€further€held€that,€at€the€time€of€Mr.€P.'s€transfer€to€another€post,€hisŠ ZŖ Šdismissal€would€have€been€justified€for€financial€reasons.€The€Court€argued€that€the€schoolŠ @ Šcould€not€be€blamed€for€having€tried€to€keep€Mr.€P.€at€work€through€transfer€to€another€jobŠ &v Šwhich,€in€the€judges'€opinion,€was€not€"obviously€degrading",€as€claimed€by€the€author.Š  \ ŠĢ4.5€The€Court€further€observed€that€the€fact€that€it€did€not€become€known€until€theŠ Ų( Šexamination€of€witnesses€during€the€court€hearing€that€the€principal€of€the€school€had€indeedŠ ¾ Šhad€one€of€the€bricks€in€his€possession€and€had€shown€them€to€some€of€his€assistants€couldŠ ¤ō Šnot€„€however€unfortunate€this€might€appear€„€be€deemed€an€unlawful€act€giving€rise€to€theŠ Š Ś Šliability€of€the€school.Š p!Ą  ŠĢ4.6€With€regard€to€the€issue€of€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies€by€Mr.€P.,€the€State€partyŠ <#Œ" Šgives€the€following€information:Š "$r# ŠĢPursuant€to€Section€368€of€the€Administration€of€Justice€Act,€the€author€could€appeal€theŠ ī%>!% Šjudgment€of€the€Roskilde€Court€to€the€Eastern€Division€of€the€Danish€High€Court.Š Ō&$"& ŠĢUnder€Section€372(1),€the€time€allowed€for€appeal€is€four€weeks€from€the€day€the€judgmentŠ  (š#( Šis€given.€Sections€372(2)€and€399(2)€regulate€some€exceptions€to€this€rule€and€allow€forŠ †)Ö$) Šappeals€even€after€the€expiration€of€this€period.Š l*¼%* ŠĢ4.7€By€letter€of€25€May€1992€addressed€to€the€Ministry€of€Justice,€the€author€outlined€theŠ 8,ˆ', Šcircumstances€which€led€to€the€proceedings€before€the€Roskilde€Court€and€its€judgment€inŠ -n(- Šthe€case.€No€information€was€given€in€this€letter€as€to€when€judgment€had€been€given,€norŠ ° Šwere€details€given€about€the€nature€of€the€legal€action.€On€9€June€1992,€the€Ministry€ofŠ –ę ŠJustice€informed€the€author€that€it€could€not€intervene€in,€or€change,€decisions€handed€downŠ |Ģ Šby€courts€of€law.€In€this€letter,€the€Ministry€advised€the€author€that€he€could€appeal€theŠ b² Šjudgment€to€the€Eastern€Division€of€the€High€Court€and€informed€him€about€the€statutoryŠ H˜ Šdeadlines€for€the€filing€of€such€an€appeal.Š . ~ ŠĢ4.8€On€10€June€1992,€the€author€petitioned€the€Department€of€Private€Law€in€the€MinistryŠ ś J Šof€Justice€for€permission€to€appeal€after€the€expiration€of€the€period€allowed€for€appealŠ ą 0 Š(Section€372(2)€of€the€Administration€of€Justice€Act).€The€Department€then€obtained€theŠ Ę   Šdocuments€in€the€case€as€well€as€a€statement€from€the€author's€lawyer,€P.H.€In€a€letter€datedŠ ¬ ü  Š18€September€1992,€P.H.€stated€that€he€had€sent€a€copy€of€the€judgment€of€5€May€to€theŠ ’ā  Šauthor€on€6€May€1992,€advising€him€that,€in€his€opinion,€there€was€not€ground€for€appeal.Š xČ  ŠAs€the€lawyer€did€not€hear€from€Mr.€P.,€he€wrote€to€him€again€on€19€May,€requesting€himŠ ^®  Što€contact€him€telephonically.€According€to€the€lawyer,€Mr.€P.€did€not€contact€him€until€afterŠ D”  Šthe€expiration€of€the€appeal€deadline,€informing€him€that€he€indeed€did€want€to€appeal€theŠ *z  Šjudgment;€in€this€connection,€the€author€told€P.H.€that€he€had€not€reacted€earlier€because€heŠ ` Šhad€been€in€the€United€States.€The€lawyer€then€explained€the€operation€of€Section€372€of€theŠ öF ŠAdministration€of€Justice€Act€to€him.Š Ü, ŠĢ4.9€After€completing€its€review€of€the€case,€the€Department€of€Private€Law€refused,€by€letterŠ Øų Šdated€3€February€1993,€to€grant€permission€to€appeal€the€judgment€of€the€Court€of€RoskildeŠ ŽŽ Što€the€Eastern€Division€of€the€Danish€High€Court.€Against€this€background,€the€State€partyŠ tÄ Šcontends€that€the€author's€complaint€must€be€declared€inadmissible€on€the€ground€of€non„Š ZŖ Šexhaustion€of€domestic€remedies.€It€is€due€to€the€author's€own€actions€and/or€negligence€thatŠ @ Šthe€judgment€of€5€May€1992€was€not€appealed€in€time.Š &v ŠĢ4.10€In€this€context,€the€State€party€notes€that€Mr.€P.€contacted€the€Department€of€PrivateŠ ņB ŠLaw€once€again€on€the€same€matter€on€7€January€1994.€His€letter€was€interpreted€by€theŠ Ų( ŠDepartment€as€a€request€for€reconsideration€of€the€issue.€By€letter€of€16€March€1994,€theŠ ¾ ŠDepartment€maintained€its€decision€of€3€February€1993.€By€letter€of€7€June€1994€addressedŠ ¤ō Što€the€Department€of€Private€Law€rather€than€to€the€Supreme€Court€of€Denmark,€the€authorŠ Š Ś Šapplied€for€legal€aid€for€the€purpose€of€filing€an€application€with€the€Supreme€Court,€so€asŠ p!Ą  Što€obtain€permission€for€an€extraordinary€appeal€under€Section€399€of€the€Administration€ofŠ V"¦! ŠJustice€Act.€On€9€August€1994,€the€Department€informed€him€that€an€application€to€thisŠ <#Œ" Šeffect€had€to€be€examined€at€first€instance€by€the€County€of€Roskilde,€where€his€applicationŠ "$r# Šhad€thus€been€forwarded€to.Š %X $ ŠĢ4.11€With€regard€to€the€events€of€20€July€1991€involving€the€author's€son,€the€State€partyŠ Ō&$"& Šrefers€to€the€transcript€of€the€hearing€before€the€Court€of€Roskilde,€which€shows€that€theŠ ŗ' #' Šincident€opposing€M.P.€to€three€young€residents€of€Roskilde€was€thoroughly€examined,€andŠ  (š#( Ševidence€properly€evaluated,€by€the€Court.€It€notes€that€during€the€proceedings,€medicalŠ †)Ö$) Šcertificates€were€obtained€concerning€the€injuries€sustained€by€M.P.€On€25€November€1991,Š l*¼%* Šthe€Chief€Constable€of€Roskilde€filed€charges€against€the€three€offenders,€M.M.H.,€A.A.O.Š R+¢&+ Šand€J.V.B.€The€case€was€heard€before€the€Roskilde€Court€with€the€assistance€of€a€substituteŠ 8,ˆ', Šjudge€of€the€City€Court€of€Copenhagen,€as€one€of€the€accused€was€the€son€of€a€clerkŠ -n(- Šemployed€by€the€Roskilde€Court.€Additionally,€there€were€two€lay€judges,€as€the€caseŠ ° Šinvolved€an€offence€punishable€by€the€loss€of€liberty€(Section€686(2)€of€the€AdministrationŠ –ę Šof€Justice€Act).Š |Ģ ŠĢ4.12€On€27€January€1992,€the€Court€of€Roskilde€handed€down€its€judgment€in€the€case.€TheŠ H˜ ŠChief€Constable€of€Roskilde€found€the€punishment€imposed€on€M.M.H.€(60€days'€suspendedŠ . ~ Šprison€sentence)€too€lenient.€He€therefore€recommended€to€the€public€prosecutor€for€ZealandŠ  d Šthat€the€sentence€against€Mr.€H.€be€appealed€to€the€Eastern€Division€of€the€High€Court,€withŠ ś J Ša€view€to€having€an€unconditional€prison€term€imposed€on€Mr.€H.€The€public€prosecutorŠ ą 0 Šfollowed€the€advice€and€appealed,€and€the€Eastern€Division€of€the€High€Court,€composed€ofŠ Ę   Šthree€professional€and€three€lay€judges,€heard€the€case€on€3€June€1992.€The€Court€concludedŠ ¬ ü  Šthat€given€the€violent€nature€of€Mr.€H.'s€attack€on€M.P.,€an€unconditional€prison€sentence€ofŠ ’ā  Šforty€days€should€be€imposed.Š xČ  ŠĢ4.13€As€regards€Mr.€P.'s€allegations€submitted€to€the€Committee€on€behalf€of€his€son,€theŠ D”  ŠState€party€argues€that€they€are€inadmissible,€partly€because€they€fall€outside€the€scope€ofŠ *z  Šthe€Convention,€partly€because€they€are€manifestly€ill„founded.€It€notes€that€theŠ ` Šcommunication€does€not€give€any€details€about€the€nature€of€the€violations€of€the€ConventionŠ öF Šin€relation€to€the€way€in€which€the€authorities€and€tribunals€handled€the€criminal€case€againstŠ Ü, Šthe€three€persons€accused€of€violence€against€M.P.Š Ā ŠĢ4.14€The€State€party€denies€that,€because€of€the€race€and€colour€of€M.P.,€the€courts€gave€theŠ ŽŽ Šthree€offenders€a€lighter€sentence€than€others€would€have€received€for€similar€use€ofŠ tÄ Šviolence.€It€points€out€that€no€importance€whatsoever€was€attached,€in€the€proceedings€eitherŠ ZŖ Šbefore€the€Roskilde€Court€or€those€before€the€Eastern€Division€of€the€High€Court,€to€thisŠ @ Šelement.€It€is€submitted€that€on€the€contrary,€both€the€courts€and€the€police€of€Roskilde€tookŠ &v Šthe€case€against€the€three€individuals€accused€of€aggressing€M.P.€very€seriously:€this€appearsŠ  \ Šboth€from€the€sentence€imposed€on€Mr.€H.€and€from€the€fact€that€he€was€remanded€inŠ ņB Šcustody€after€the€incident,€upon€order€of€the€Court€of€Roskilde€of€21€July€1991.Š Ų( ŠĢ4.15€The€State€party€further€recalls€that€the€prosecution€authorities€felt€that€the€sentence€ofŠ ¤ō Šthe€Court€of€Roskilde€was€too€lenient€with€regard€to€one€of€the€aggressors,€which€is€why€thisŠ Š Ś Šsentence€was€appealed€to€the€Eastern€Division€of€the€High€Court,€which€increased€theŠ p!Ą  Šsentence€from€60€days'€imprisonment€(suspended)€to€40€days€unconditional€imprisonment.Š V"¦! ŠIn€this€connection,€it€is€noted€that€an€unconditional€sentence€is€exactly€what€the€prosecutionŠ <#Œ" Šhad€called€for€initially.Š "$r# ŠĢ4.16€Finally,€as€regards€the€question€of€damages€to€M.P.,€the€State€party€notes€that€in€theŠ ī%>!% Šjudgment€of€27€January€1992€of€the€Roskilde€Court,€he€was€awarded€DKK€3,270,€which€Mr.Š Ō&$"& ŠH.€was€required€to€pay.€According€to€the€decision€of€the€Eastern€Division€of€the€High€Court,Š ŗ' #' Šof€3€June€1992,€Mr.€H.€had€paid€this€amount€by€that€time.€Damages€awarded€by€this€sentenceŠ  (š#( Šcovered€only€pain€and€suffering,€while€M.P.'s€request€that€the€offenders'€liability€to€payŠ †)Ö$) Šdamages€to€him€should€be€included€in€the€sentence€was€referred€to€the€civil€courts.€PursuantŠ l*¼%* Što€Section€993(2)€of€the€Administration€of€Justice€Act,€claims€for€damages€may€be€broughtŠ R+¢&+ Šbefore€the€(civil)€courts€for€decision.€The€State€party€ignores€whether€the€author's€son€hasŠ 8,ˆ', Šin€fact€instituted€(civil)€proceedings€in€this€matter.Š -n(- Š‡5.1€In€his€comments,€dated€25€January€1995,€the€author€takes€issue€with€most€of€the€StateŠ ° Šparty's€arguments€and€reiterates€that€he€was€denied€his€civil€rights,€as€were€his€son's.€HeŠ –ę Šagain€refers€to€the€trial€against€the€three€individuals€who€had€aggressed€his€son€as€"a€farce",Š |Ģ Šand€complains€that€the€lawyer€assigned€to€represent€his€son€never€told€the€latter€what€toŠ b² Šexpect,€or€how€to€prepare€himself€for€the€hearing.€Mr.€P.€complains€that€the€judge€was€biasedŠ H˜ Šin€allowing€the€accused€to€present€their€version€of€the€incident€one€after€the€other€withoutŠ . ~ Šinterference€from€the€Court.€He€dismisses€several€passages€in€the€judgment€as€"directlyŠ  d Šmisleading"€and€complains€that€a€professional€judge€was€allowed€to€ask€his€son€"subjectiveŠ ś J Šquestions"€and€using€his€answers€against€him.€He€further€asserts€that€by€concluding€that,€onŠ ą 0 Šthe€basis€of€the€testimonies€heard€by€the€court,€it€was€impossible€to€say€who€exactly€startedŠ Ę   Šthe€fight,€the€Court€"protect[ed]€racist€attitudes€of€the€whites"€and€used€a€"camouflage€excuseŠ ¬ ü  Što€find€the€accused€innocent".Š ’ā  ŠĢ5.2€The€author€further€refers€to€what€he€perceives€as€a€miscarriage€of€justice:€what€exactlyŠ ^®  Šthe€miscarriage€consists€in€remains€difficult€to€establish,€but€it€would€appear€that€the€authorŠ D”  Šobjects€in€particular€to€the€way€the€judge€interrogated€his€son€and€allowed€the€testimony€ofŠ *z  Šthe€accused€to€stand.€The€author€strongly€objects€to€the€decision€of€the€prosecution€not€toŠ ` Šappeal€the€sentences€against€two€of€the€accused.€The€author€sums€up€the€Court's€attitude€asŠ öF Šfollows:€"I€ask€how€can€a€judge€determine€a€fair€decision€without€hearing€all€the€evidenceŠ Ü, Šor€even€worse€just€listening€to€the€criminals€explaining€unless€he€wanted€to€pass€a€lenientŠ Ā Šsentence.€Which€he€did.€Very€unprofessional".Š Øų ŠĢ5.3€As€to€the€proceedings€concerning€the€allegedly€racist€and€unlawful€dismissal€fromŠ tÄ Šemployment€at€the€Roskilde€Technical€School,€the€author€reiterates€his€version€of€the€eventsŠ ZŖ Šand€submits€that€he€has€"exhausted€every€possible€known€means€to€be€heard€and€appeal€[his]Š @ Šcase".€He€contends€that€the€school€was€not€justified€in€dismissing€him€out€of€financialŠ &v Šconsiderations,€as€it€had€recently€expanded€its€facilities€and€could€have€used€the€services€ofŠ  \ Ša€shop€steward.€He€alleges€that€before€the€Court,€the€director€of€the€Technical€SchoolŠ ņB Šcommitted€perjury.Š Ų( ŠĢ5.4€The€author€emphatically€asserts€that€the€delays€in€appealing€the€decision€of€the€RoskildeŠ ¤ō ŠCourt€should€not€be€attributed€to€him.€He€notes€that€he€had€trusted€his€lawyer€to€handle€theŠ Š Ś Šissue€of€the€appeal;€contrary€to€the€assertion€of€the€State€party€and€his€former€representative,Š p!Ą  Šhe€contends€that€he€did€contact€his€lawyer€to€confirm€that€he€wanted€to€appeal€"at€all€cost",Š V"¦! Ševen€though€his€lawyer€had€advised€him€that€the€chances€of€succeeding€on€appeal€were€slim.Š <#Œ" ŠHe€blames€his€lawyer€for€having€acted€evasively€at€around€the€time€„€i.e.€during€the€first€daysŠ "$r# Šof€June€1992€„€when€the€deadline€for€appealing€the€decision€of€the€Court€of€Roskilde€wasŠ %X $ Šapproaching.€Furthermore,€the€author€once€again,€even€if€indirectly,€accuses€hisŠ ī%>!% Šrepresentative€of€malpractice€and€suspects€that€the€lawyer€struck€a€deal€with€the€judge€notŠ Ō&$"& Što€have€the€venue€of€the€case€transferred€to€the€Copenhagen€High€Court.Š ŗ' #' ŠĢ5.5€In€conclusion,€the€author€contends€that€the€State€party's€submission€is€replete€withŠ †)Ö$) Š"preposterous€inconsistencies"€and€dismisses€most€of€its€observations€as€"misleading",Š l*¼%* Š"incorrect",€"untrue"€or€"direct€misleading".€It€is€obvious€that€he€contests€the€evaluation€ofŠ R+¢&+ Ševidence€made€by€the€Courts€in€both€cases€„€his€action€against€the€Technical€School€and€theŠ 8,ˆ', Šcriminal€case€against€the€aggressors€of€his€son€„€and€is€convinced€that€the€cases€wereŠ -n(- Šdismissed€because€of€racist€attitudes€of€all€concerned€vis„„vis€himself€and€his€son.€HeŠ ° Šcomplains€that€there€is€"no€affirmative€action€against€racism€in€Denmark€today".Š –ę ŠĢņņIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€Committeeóó:Š b² ŠĢ6.1€Before€considering€any€claims€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Committee€on€theŠ . ~ ŠElimination€of€Racial€Discrimination€must,€in€accordance€with€rule€91€of€its€rules€ofŠ  d Šprocedure,€determine€whether€or€not€it€is€admissible€under€the€International€Convention€onŠ ś J Šthe€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€Racial€Discrimination.Š ą 0 ŠĢ6.2€The€Committee€has€noted€the€arguments€of€the€parties€in€respect€of€the€issue€ofŠ ¬ ü  Šexhaustion€of€domestic€remedies€concerning€Mr.€P.'s€claim€of€unlawful€dismissal€by€theŠ ’ā  ŠTechnical€School€of€Roskilde.€It€recalls€that€the€Court€of€Roskilde€heard€the€complaint€onŠ xČ  Š19€November€1991€and€delivered€its€reasoned€judgment€on€5€May€1992;€said€judgment€wasŠ ^®  Šnotified€to€the€author€by€his€lawyer€on€6€May€1992.€The€author€affirms€that€he€did€conveyŠ D”  Što€his€lawyer€in€time€that€he€wanted€to€appeal€this€judgment,€and€he€blames€the€lawyer€forŠ *z  Šhaving€acted€negligently€by€failing€to€file€the€appeal€within€statutory€deadlines.€TheŠ ` ŠCommittee€notes€that€the€file€before€it€reveals€that€the€author's€lawyer€was€privately€retained.Š öF ŠIn€the€circumstances,€this€lawyer's€inaction€or€negligence€cannot€be€attributed€to€the€StateŠ Ü, Šparty.€Although€the€State€party's€judicial€authorities€did€provide€the€author€with€relevantŠ Ā Šinformation€on€how€to€file€his€appeal€in€a€timely€manner,€it€is€questionable€whether,€givenŠ Øų Šthe€fact€that€the€author€alleged€to€have€been€the€victim€of€racial€harassment,€the€authoritiesŠ ŽŽ Šhave€really€exhausted€all€means€to€ensure€that€the€author€could€enjoy€effectively€his€rightsŠ tÄ Šin€accordance€with€article€6€of€the€Convention.€However,€since€the€author€did€not€provideŠ ZŖ Šņņprima€facieóó€evidence€that€the€judicial€authorities€were€tainted€by€racially€discriminatoryŠ @ Šconsiderations€and€since€it€was€the€author's€own€responsibility€to€pursue€the€domesticŠ &v Šremedies,€the€Committee€concludes€that€the€requirements€of€article€14,€paragraph€7(a),€ofŠ  \ Šthe€International€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€Racial€Discrimination,€areŠ ņB Šnot€met.Š Ų( ŠĢ6.3€As€to€the€part€of€the€author's€case€relating€to€the€criminal€proceedings€against€theŠ ¤ō Šaggressors€of€his€son,€the€Committee€notes€that€the€police€took€these€aggressors€into€custodyŠ Š Ś Šafter€the€author€had€reported€the€incident€of€20€July€1991,€and€that€the€Chief€Constable€ofŠ p!Ą  Šthe€Roskilde€police€subsequently€requested€that€they€be€criminally€prosecuted.€It€alsoŠ V"¦! Šobserves€that€the€fact€that€one€of€the€accused€was€the€son€of€a€Court€clerk€was€duly€takenŠ <#Œ" Šinto€account,€in€that€the€authorities€nominated€a€substitute€judge€from€another€venue€to€sitŠ "$r# Šon€the€case.€Moreover,€it€must€be€noted€that€the€Chief€Constable€of€Roskilde€recommended,Š %X $ Šafter€judgment€in€the€case€had€been€passed,€that€the€sentence€against€one€of€the€offenders€beŠ ī%>!% Šappealed,€with€a€view€to€increasing€the€sentence€against€Mr.€H.;€the€public€prosecutor€forŠ Ō&$"& ŠZealand€complied€with€this€request,€and€the€Eastern€Division€of€the€High€Court€imposed€aŠ ŗ' #' Šterm€of€unconditional€imprisonment€on€Mr.€H.€After€a€careful€review€of€available€documentsŠ  (š#( Šin€the€case€of€the€author's€son,€the€Committee€finds€that€these€documents€do€not€substantiateŠ †)Ö$) Šthe€author's€claim€that€either€the€police€investigation€or€the€judicial€proceedings€before€theŠ l*¼%* ŠCourt€of€Roskilde€or€the€Eastern€Division€of€the€High€Court€were€tainted€by€raciallyŠ R+¢&+ Šdiscriminatory€considerations.€The€Committee€concludes€that€no€ņņprima€facieóó€case€ofŠ 8,ˆ', Šviolation€of€the€Convention€has€been€established€in€respect€of€this€part€of€theŠ -n(- Šcommunication,€and€that,€therefore,€it€is€equally€inadmissible.Š ° ŠĢ7.€The€Committee€on€the€Elimination€of€Racial€Discrimination€therefore€decides:Š |Ģ ŠĢ(a)€that€the€communication€is€inadmissible;Š H˜ ŠĢ(b)€that€this€decision€shall€be€transmitted€to€the€State€party€and€to€the€author.Š  d ŠĢ[Done€in€English,€French,€Russian€and€Spanish,€the€English€text€being€the€original€version.]Š ą 0 ŠĢĢ__________Š ’ā  Šą 4 ąņņ*óó/€€Made€public€by€decision€of€the€Committee€on€the€Elimination€of€RacialŠ xČ  ŠDiscrimination.Š ^®  ŠÓõÓ