WPC] @#!xR:*ڠDKh̓8;evǶxm"d(N/pi˓Bmi'z(?oT7#vw\Son9vN&yCxֈ*/݄S:mU͠7̯ˍNaj(H` <-Qv VIw'HF(WFi=6Q>#P9H<^E+|ےul{TƋmR~XH%R>97$X1Y/N%VB }>>We+NܼQO+ToH; 0 0<q 0Y 0_ 0ie 0P 0T r 08 0( D+A AMl l l  0N 0 # UN %M(N^ w,40D mF\  `&Times New Roman' Floresmilo Bola9os v. Ecuador, Communication No. 238/1987 (25 October 1987), U.N. Doc. Sup4 1987), U.N. Doc. Sup"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , 4Heading 3 S p^S   XXX p^S<:Default Para64Hyperlink    <:FollowedHype    < :Normal (Web) S =jS =jS0.Strong     42Emphasis    ԁ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(2 $ !..      XwXXXXwXXXw  ($'dxd A<< c#|x(O$($..      XeXXXXeXXXeHP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,,,,,,0(hH  Z6Times New Roman RegularX˛* p*:i+00U !..      XwXXXXwXXXw  _ HUMANRIGHTSCOMMITTEE  _Bolaos_Ԁv.Ecuador | CommunicationNo.238/1987 H 26July1989  d VIEWS     Submittedby:_Floresmilo_Ԁ_Bolaos_ x  AllegedVictim:Theauthor D  Statepartyconcerned:Ecuador ` Dateofcommunication:13July1987 , Dateofdecisiononadmissibility:7April1988    TheHumanRightsCommitteeestablishedunderarticle28oftheInternationalCovenanton Z CivilandPoliticalRights, @ Meetingon26July1989,  \ HavingconcludeditsconsiderationofcommunicationNo.238/1987,submittedthe ( CommitteebyMr._Floresmilo_Ԁ_Bolaos_ԀundertheOptionalProtocoltotheInternational  CovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights,  Havingtakenintoaccountallwritteninformationmadeavailabletoitbytheauthorofthe p!  communicationandbytheStateparty, V"! Adoptsthefollowing: "$r# 8  Viewsunderarticle5,paragraph4,oftheOptionalProtocol*  &$"& _  1.Theauthorofthecommunication(initialletterdated13July1987andfurtherlettersof )$) 2February,14Marchand22September1988)is_Floresmilo_Ԁ_Bolaos_,anEcuadoriancitizen l*%* whoclaimstobeavictimofviolationsofarticles3,9and14oftheInternationalCovenant R+&+ onCivilandPoliticalRightsbyEcuador. 8,',  -n(- 2.1HestatesthathehasbeendetainedsinceNovember1982withoutbailatthe_Centro_Ԁde  _Detencion_ԀProvisionalinQuitoinconnectionwiththeinvestigationofthemurderofMr.  Ivan_Egas_,whosebodywasfoundon11September1982inthelions'cageatthezoological | gardenoftheMilitaryAcademywheretheauthorhasbeenemployed.Heclaimstobe b innocentofthecrimeandthathewasarrestedwithoutanyevidenceagainsthim.Itis H    suggested B   thatIvan_Egas_Ԁhadbeentheloverofacolonel'swife,thatthecolonelhadhim . ~ killedandthatthebodywassubsequentlytakenby   ݀ f   otherpersonsintothelions'cage.He  d furtherallegesthathisrighttobetriedwithinareasonabletimehasbeenviolated,in  J particular,thatwhileEcuadorianlawprovidesthatdetentionbeforeindictmentshouldnot  0 exceed60days,hewasdetainedforoverfiveyearspriortobeingindictedinDecember    1987.Thedelayintheproceedingsisallegedlyattributabletotheinvolvementofmilitary    personnel,whoareusingtheauthorasascapegoattocoverthecolonel'scrime.Theauthor   furthermorecomplainsthatwhereashehasbeencontinuouslykeptunderdetention,theother x  personsaccusedhavebeenatlibertypendingtrial. ^  2.2Withrespectoftheexhaustionofdomesticremedies,theauthorstatesthatthepretrial *z  investigationwascompletedonlyinDecember1987,whenthePresidentoftheHighCourt ` ofJusticeinQuitoindictedhimandsixotherpersons.Theauthorappealedwithoutsuccess F againstthedecisionoftheHighCourttoindicthimasanaccomplice. , 3.Byitsdecisionof19October1987,theWorkingGroupoftheHumanRightsCommittee  transmittedthecommunicationunderrule91oftheCommittee'srulesofproceduretothe  Stateparty,requestinginformationandobservationsrelevanttothequestionofthe t admissibilityofthecommunication. Z 4.1TheCommitteetooknoteoftheobservationsoftheStateparty,dated2February1988, &v thatproceedingsagainsttheauthorwereunderwayintheHighCourtofJusticeinQuito,  \ andoftheauthor'scommentsthereon,dated14March1988,that,becauseofthealleged B involvementofmilitaryfiguresinthecase,proceedingsbeforetheHighCourthadbeen ( unreasonablyprolongedandthathehadalreadybeendetainedforfiveyearsandsixmonths.  4.2TheCommitteeascertained,asitisrequiredtodounderarticle5,paragraph2(a),ofthe   OptionalProtocol,thatthesamematterwasnotbeingexaminedunderanotherprocedureof p!  internationalinvestigationorsettlement. V"! Withregardtoarticle5,paragraph2(b),oftheOptionalProtocol,concerningtheexhaustion "$r# ofdomesticremedies,theCommitteenotedthatthejudicialproceedingsagainstMr.Bolaos %X $ hadbeenunreasonablyprolongedandthattheStatepartyhadnotindicatedthattherewere %>!% effectiveremediesagainstsuchprolongation.Inthecircumstances,theCommitteefound &$"& thatitwasnotprecludedfromconsideringthecommunication. ' #' 5.On7April1988,theHumanRightsCommitteedecidedthatthecommunicationwas )$) admissible. l*%* 6.1Bynoteof29July1988,theStatepartyindicatesthaton24June1988ahearingwas 8,', heldattheSuperiorCourtinQuitoconcerningthemurderofIvan_Egas_.TheStatepartydoes -n(- notprovideanyexplanationsorstatementsconcerningthespecificviolationsofthe  Covenantallegedtohaveoccurred.  6.2Inaletterdated22September1988theauthorreiterateshisinnocence,observingthat b hehasbeenarbitrarilydetainedforsixyearsandthatnojudgementhasyetbeenissued,or H isexpectedinthenearfuture,inhiscase. . ~ 7.TheHumanRightsCommitteehasconsideredthepresentcommunicationinthelightof  J allwritteninformationmadeavailabletoitbytheparties,asprovidedinarticle5,paragraph  0 1,oftheOptionalProtocol.Inadoptingitsviews,theCommitteestressesthatitisnot    makinganyfindingontheguiltorinnocenceofMr._Bolaos_Ԁbutsolelyonthequestion    whetheranyofhisrightsundertheCovenanthavebeenviolated.   8.1Theauthorofthecommunicationclaimsthattherehavebeenbreachesofarticles3,9 ^  and14oftheCovenant.InformulatingitsviewstheCommitteetakesintoaccountthe D  failureoftheStatepartytofurnishcertaininformationandclarifications,inparticularwith *z  regardtothereasonsforMr._Bolaos_'detentionwithoutbailandforthedelaysinthe ` proceedings,andwithregardtotheallegationsofunequaltreatmentofwhichtheauthorhas F complained.Itisimplicitinarticle4,paragraph2,oftheOptionalProtocolthattheState , partyhasthedutytoinvestigateingoodfaithallallegationsofviolationsoftheCovenant  madeagainstitanditsauthorities,andtofurnishtotheCommitteeallrelevantinformation.  Inthecircumstances,dueweightmustbegiventotheauthor'sallegations.  8.2Withrespecttotheauthor'sallegationsconcerningaviolationofarticle3ofthe Z Covenant,itisnotclearinwhatparticularrespectthatarticlehasbeeninvokedandthe @ Committeeisunabletomakeafindinginthisregard. &v 8.3Withrespecttotheprohibitionofarbitraryarrestordetentioncontainedinarticle9of B theCovenant,theCommitteeobservesthatalthoughtheStatepartyhasindicatedthatthe ( authorwassuspectedofinvolvementinthemurderofIvan_Egas_Ԁithasnotexplainedwhy  itwasdeemednecessarytokeephimunderdetentionforfiveyearspriortohisindictment  inDecember1987.InthisconnectiontheCommitteenotesthatarticle9,paragraph3,ofthe   Covenantprovidesthatanyonearrestedonacriminalcharge"shallbeentitledtotrialwithin p!  areasonabletimeortorelease.Itshallnotbethegeneralrulethatpersonsawaitingtrial V"! shallbedetainedincustody,butreleasemaybesubjecttoguaranteestoappearfortrial...". <#" TheCommitteefurtherobservesthatarticle9,paragraph5,oftheCovenantprovidesthat "$r# "anyonewhohasbeenthevictimofunlawfularrestordetentionshallhaveanenforceable %X $ righttocompensation". %>!% 8.4Withrespecttotherequirementofafairhearingwithinthemeaningofarticle14, ' #' paragraph1,oftheCovenant,theCommitteenotesthattheconceptoffairhearing (#( necessarilyentailsthatjusticeberenderedwithoutunduedelay,andrefersinthisconnection )$) toitspriorcaselaw(_Muoz_Ԁv.Peru,communicationNo.203/1986,viewsadoptedon4 l*%* November1988,para.11.2).Furthermore,theCommitteenotesthatarticle14,paragraph R+&+ 3(c),guaranteestherighttobetriedwithoutunduedelay,andconcludesthat,onthebasis 8,', oftheinformationbeforeitthedelaysencounteredbytheauthorinthedeterminationofthe -n(- chargesagainsthimareincompatiblewiththeaforementionedprovision.  9.TheHumanRightsCommittee,actingunderarticle5,paragraph4,oftheOptional | ProtocoltotheInternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights,isoftheviewthatthe b factsofthiscasediscloseviolationsofarticle9,paragraphs1and3,becauseMr._Floresmilo_ H _Bolaos_ԀwasdeprivedoflibertycontrarytothelawsofEcuadorandnottriedwithina . ~ reasonabletime.,andofarticle14,paragraphs1and3(c),oftheCovenant,becausehewas  d deniedafairhearingwithoutunduedelay.  J 10.TheCommittee,accordingly,isoftheviewthattheStatepartyisunderanobligation,    inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofarticle2oftheCovenant,totakeeffectivemeasuresto    remedytheviolationssufferedbyMr._Floresmilo_Ԁ_Bolaos_,toreleasehimpendingthe   outcomeofthecriminalproceedingsagainsthim,andtogranthimcompensationpursuant x  toarticle9,paragraph5,oftheCovenant. ^  ___________ ` *Pursuanttorule85oftherulesofprocedureMr.JulioPradoVallejodidnotparticipatein , theconsiderationofthiscommunicationorintheadoptionoftheviewsoftheCommittee  underarticle5,paragraph4,oftheOptionalProtocol.