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UN. %| M‚ († N® ^ ° w@¼ 4ü  m ô\  `‹&Times New Roman' United Nations Human Rights Website - Treaty Bodies Database - Document - Jurisprudence - 4nt - Jurisprudence - "Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   <ÿÿ:Default ParaÔ€ôôôÔÔ€XXXÔ< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô<qyÿÿ:HTML TypewriÔ€ôôôÔÔK€<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔÔS€ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔÔ  Ô<þ6X9`(‹Courier New#|x (ž%"$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ XaXX XÔÔ€XaXX XaÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÚØÚÚØÈÚ0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman Regular X–q4)Æ £U[£D E E E E Eas()«(¶–test3ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ %"!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ X¨+XX XÔÔ€X¨+XX X¨+ÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òCOMMITTEE€AGAINST€TORTUREÐ ° ÐÌòòE.€H.€v.€HungaryóóÐ ˆØ ÐÌCommunication€No€62/1996ÌÌ10€May€1999ÌÌCAT/C/22/D/62/1996ÌÌÌADMISSIBILITYó óÐ Ô$  ÐññÐ ÐññÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:òò€óóE.€H.€(name€withheld)[represented€by€counsel]€Ð ˜è  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimóó:€The€author€Ð pÀ ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€Hungary€Ð H˜ ÐÌòòDate€of€communicationóó:€29€October€1996óó€Ð  p ÐÌÌòòññÓ  ÓÓ  ÓññThe€Committee€against€Tortureóó,€established€under€article€17€of€the€Convention€againstÐ ä4 ÐTorture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,€ÌÌòòMeetingóó€on€10€May€1999,€Ð ¨ø ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð €Ð ÐññÓ  ÓññññÌññññÓªÓññÐ Ðòòññò òññDecision€on€admissibilityññó óññóóÐ D!” ÐññÓ  ÓññññÓÓññÌÌ1.€The€author€of€the€communication€is€E.€H.,€born€on€20€October€1976,€a€Turkish€citizenÏbelonging€to€the€Kurdish€minority,€currently€residing€in€Hungary€where€he€has€applied€forÏasylum.€He€alleges€that€his€forced€return€to€Turkey€would€constitute€a€violation€by€HungaryÏof€article€3€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€DegradingÏTreatment€or€Punishment.€The€author€is€represented€by€the€Hungarian€Helsinki€Committee,Ïa€non„governmental€organization€based€in€Budapest.€ÌÌñ ñò òñ ñòòFacts€as€submitted€by€the€authorñ ñó óñ ñóó€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌ2.1€The€author€states€that€on€12€March€1992€he€participated€in€a€demonstration€organized€onÏthe€occasion€of€a€Kurdish€celebration.€The€event€degenerated€into€violence€and€TurkishÐ @-(, Ðsecurity€forces€arrested€several€demonstrators,€including€the€author,€who€were€held€inÏdetention€for€seven€months€awaiting€trial.€The€author€alleges€that€he€was€tortured€twiceÏduring€that€period.€Since€no€witnesses€heard€during€the€court€proceedings€could€identify€himÏthe€author€was€released€following€the€trial.€He€was€nevertheless€placed€under€policeÏsurveillance.€ÌÌ2.2€In€1993€the€author€joined€the€armed€wing€of€the€Kurdistan€Worker's€Party€(Ô_ÔPKKÔ_Ô)€andÏunderwent€six€months€of€combat€training.€As€the€head€of€a€unit€comprising€70€combatantsÏhe€was€involved€in€military€activities€in€south„eastern€Turkey€until€October€1995.€By€then,Ïthe€author's€superior€officer€had€committed€suicide.€The€new€commander€held€hisÏsubordinate€officers€responsible€for€the€incident€and€ordered€two€squadron€commanders,Ïincluding€the€author,€to€be€executed.€The€author€states€that€he€fled€the€unit€to€escape€arbitraryÏexecution,€and€because€he€had€come€to€doubt€the€Ô_ÔPKKÔ_Ô€ideology.€ÌÌ2.3€The€author€states€that€he€first€went€into€hiding€in€Istanbul€but,€fearing€persecution€by€bothÏthe€Ô_ÔPKKÔ_Ô€and€the€Turkish€authorities,€he€managed€to€obtain€a€false€passport€and€to€flee€toÏBulgaria,€where€he€arrived€in€November€1995.€He€spent€two€weeks€in€Bulgaria€and€thenÏwent€to€Romania.€After€two€months€he€attempted€to€go€to€Austria€via€Hungary,€but€wasÏarrested€by€Hungarian€border€police€when€trying€to€cross€the€border€Ô_ÔillegalyÔ_Ô.€Subsequently,Ïhe€applied€for€asylum.€ÌÌ2.4€On€3€March€1996,€the€Aliens€Police€Department€of€the€Ô_ÔGyrÔ_Ô€Border€Guards€DirectorateÏissued€an€expulsion€order€against€the€author.€The€execution€of€the€expulsion€order€was€byÏthe€same€decision€suspended€given€the€fact€that€the€author€had€applied€for€asylum.€ÌÌ2.5€On€3€July€1996,€the€Ô_ÔBicskeÔ_Ô€local€agency€of€the€Office€for€Refugees€and€Migration€AffairsÏdenied€the€author€asylum,€on€the€grounds€that€he€had€no€reason€to€fear€discrimination€orÏpersecution€by€the€Turkish€authorities.€According€to€the€Office,€the€author's€trial€andÏdetention€and€the€feared€revenge€of€the€Ô_ÔPKKÔ_Ô€did€not€constitute€persecution€as€defined€in€theÏ1951€Convention€relating€to€the€Status€of€Refugees.€ÌÌ2.6€The€author€submitted€an€appeal€to€the€second€instance€of€the€Office€for€Refugees€andÏMigration€Affairs€which€was€rejected€on€16€September€1996.€In€its€decision€the€OfficeÏreferred€to€the€exclusion€clause€in€article€1,€section€F,€of€the€1951€Convention€and€stated€that,Ïas€a€high„level€officer€of€a€terrorist€organization,€the€author€was€not€entitled€to€protection€asÏa€refugee.€The€author€argues€that€the€decision€was€based€primarily€on€a€statement€made€byÏthe€Budapest€Branch€of€Ô_ÔUNHCRÔ_Ô€which€did€not€attend€sufficiently€to€the€case€and€deliveredÏa€summary€opinion€without€having€interviewed€the€applicant€or€tried€to€know€as€much€asÏpossible€about€his€case.€ÌÌ2.7€On€30€September€1996,€the€author€lodged€an€application€for€review€of€the€administrativeÏdecision€with€the€Pest€Central€District€Court,€on€the€grounds€that€the€Office€for€Refugees€andÏMigration€Affairs€had,€òòinter€aliaóó,€not€proceeded€with€due€care€in€the€examination€of€the€caseÐ h+¸&* Ðand€that€it€had€not€taken€into€account€article€3€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€OtherÏCruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment.€On€10€October€1996,€the€PestÐ @-(, ÐCentral€District€Court€rejected€the€author's€request€and€found€that€the€administrativeÏauthorities€had€acted€in€accordance€with€existing€procedural€regulations.€ÌÌ2.8€On€29€October€1996€the€Aliens€Police€Department€of€the€Ô_ÔGyrÔ_Ô€Border€GuardsÏDirectorate€annulled€the€pending€expulsion€order€and€the€prohibition€of€stay€and€entry€intoÏHungary€against€the€author€on€the€grounds€that€the€decision€ordering€expulsion€had€beenÏtaken€in€violation€of€the€existing€procedure,€prior€to€a€final€decision€regarding€the€author'sÏapplication€for€asylum.€ÌÌ2.9€On€6€November€1996,€the€author€further€appealed€for€judicial€review€to€the€BudapestÏMunicipal€Court,€referring€to€the€fact€that€the€reasoning€in€the€administrative€decisions€of€theÏfirst€and€second€instance€was€entirely€different,€which€proved€that€the€facts€of€the€case€hadÏnot€been€properly€examined.€Furthermore,€in€his€appeal€the€author€underlined€that€during€theÏadministrative€examination€of€his€case,€a€final€expulsion€order€against€him€had€been€pending.ÏAccording€to€the€author,€the€expulsion€order€contravened€article€32,€paragraph€1,€of€theÏAliens€Act€which€stipulates€that€"(n)o€alien€shall€be€Ô_ÔrefouledÔ_Ô€or€expelled€to€a€country€or€toÏthe€frontiers€of€a€territory€where€he€would€be€threatened€with€persecution€on€account€of€hisÏrace,€religion,€nationality,€membership€of€a€social€group€or€political€opinion,€or€to€theÏterritory€of€a€state€or€frontiers€of€a€territory€where€there€are€substantial€grounds€for€believingÏthat€the€Ô_ÔrefouledÔ_Ô€or€expelled€aliens€would€be€subjected€to€torture,€inhuman€or€degradingÏpunishment€...".€The€author€maintained€that€the€unlawfulness€of€the€expulsion€order€had€notÏbeen€examined€by€the€Office€for€Refugees€and€Migration€Affairs.€At€the€time€of€the€author'sÏinitial€submission€to€the€Committee,€the€appeal€for€judicial€review€was€still€pending€beforeÏthe€Budapest€Municipal€Court.€ÌÌñ ñò òñ ñòòThe€complaintóó€ñ ñó óñ ñÐ ¼  ÐÌ3.1€The€author€submits€that€Turkey€is€a€country€where€torture€is€systematically€Ô_ÔpractisedÔ_Ô€andÏthat€there€are€substantial€grounds€for€believing€that€he€would€be€subjected€to€torture,€inhumanÏor€degrading€treatment€or€punishment€in€view€of€his€past€imprisonment€and€treatment€as€wellÏas€his€subsequent€involvement€with€the€armed€wing€of€the€Ô_ÔPKKÔ_Ô.€ÌÌ3.2€The€author€claims€that€the€Hungarian€immigration€authorities€have€not€examined€his€caseÏand€the€conditions€prevailing€in€his€country€of€origin€with€the€necessary€care.€The€judicialÏauthorities€took€into€consideration€the€Convention€relating€to€the€Status€of€Refugees,€asÏincorporated€in€domestic€law,€but€not€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,ÏInhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment€and€its€absolute€prohibition€of€return€orÏexpulsion€of€a€person€to€a€State€or€to€the€frontiers€of€a€territory€where€there€is€danger€that€theÏperson€would€be€subjected€to€torture€or€other€cruel,€degrading€or€inhuman€treatment.€ÌÌ3.3€The€author€further€claims€that€the€appeal€for€judicial€review,€pending€at€the€time€of€hisÏinitial€submission€to€the€Committee,€could€not€be€considered€as€an€effective€remedy€sinceÏthe€review€of€administrative€decisions€by€Hungarian€courts€is€limited€to€examining€whetherÏthere€has€been€a€violation€of€procedure€or€substantive€domestic€legal€regulations€and€theÏinternational€practice€is€not€taken€into€account.€If€the€rejection€of€his€application€for€asylumÐ @-(, Ðis€confirmed€he€could€theoretically€nevertheless€be€granted€temporary€permission€to€stay€inÏthe€country,€in€accordance€with€the€principle€of€non„Ô_ÔrefoulementÔ_Ô.€However,€the€author€drawsÏthe€attention€of€the€Committee€to€the€fact€that€aliens€who€cannot€be€expelled€solely€on€theÏbasis€of€non„Ô_ÔrefoulementÔ_Ô€have€no€further€rights,€including€to€employment,€income€or€socialÏbenefits,€or€temporary€residence€permits.€ÌÌÔ_Ôñ ñò òñ ñòòStateÔ_Ô€party's€observations€on€the€admissibility€of€the€communicationóó€ñ ñó óñ ñÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌ4.1€On€14€February€1997€the€Committee€transmitted€the€communication€to€the€State€partyÏfor€comments.€The€State€party€challenged€the€admissibility€of€the€communication€inÏsubmissions€dated€18€November€1998€and€14€December€1998.€ÌÌ4.2€The€State€party€explains€that€the€basic€provisions€concerning€the€right€of€aliens€to€enterÏor€to€remain€in€Hungary€are€contained€in€the€Act€of€1993€on€the€Entry,€Stay€in€Hungary€andÏImmigration€of€Foreigners€(Aliens€Act),€section€27€of€Government€Decree€No.€64/1994€andÏsection€44€of€Minister€of€Interior€Decree€No.€9/1994.€It€submits€that€since€the€submission€ofÏthe€author's€communication,€Act€Ô_ÔCXXXIXÔ_Ô€on€Asylum€(1997)€and€several€ministerial€decreesÏhave€been€enacted.€As€a€result,€it€can€be€asserted€that€the€Hungarian€legal€system€doesÏprovide€for€an€effective€protection€against€Ô_ÔrefoulementÔ_Ô€and€ensure€the€enforcement€of€theÏprovisions€of€the€Convention.€ÌÌ4.3€The€State€party€states€that€the€author€crossed€the€Hungarian„Romanian€border€illegallyÏon€20€February€1996.€His€purpose€was€to€continue,€via€Austria,€to€Germany,€where€he€hasÏrelatives.€On€1€March€1996,€he€was€arrested€by€Hungarian€border€guards€upon€attemptingÏto€cross€the€Hungarian„Austrian€border€with€false€documents.€The€Alien€Police€DepartmentÏof€the€Ô_ÔGyrÔ_Ô€Border€Guard€Directorate€seized€the€documents€and€sent€them€to€the€agenciesÏthat€had€apparently€issued€them€through€the€Ministry€for€Foreign€Affairs.€On€3€March€1996,Ïthe€Directorate€issued€an€expulsion€order€effective€7€March€1996.€The€author€submitted€anÏapplication€to€the€asylum€authorities,€after€which€the€Directorate€suspended€theÏimplementation€of€the€expulsion€order.€ÌÌ4.4€Throughout€the€Hungarian€immigration€process,€the€author€advanced€essentially€the€sameÏallegations€as€those€he€submits€in€support€of€his€communication€to€the€Committee.€In€itsÏdecision€of€4€April€1996,€the€Budapest€Local€Agency€of€the€Office€for€Refugees€andÏMigration€Affairs,€the€asylum€authority€of€the€first€instance,€found€that€the€author'sÏapplication€for€asylum€was€motivated€by€his€collaboration€with€the€Ô_ÔPKKÔ_Ô€and€his€fear€ofÏreprisals,€and€not€by€fear€of€discrimination€or€persecution€by€the€Turkish€authorities.€HisÏapplication€was€therefore€denied.€ÌÌ4.5€The€State€party€confirms€the€author's€account€of€the€asylum€procedure,€i.e.€that€the€secondÏinstance€of€the€Office€for€Refugees€and€Migration€Affairs€rejected€the€author's€appeal€on€16ÏSeptember€1996€and€that€his€application€for€judicial€review€to€the€Pest€Central€District€CourtÏwas€denied€on€10€October€1996.€ÌÌ4.6€It€is€further€submitted€that€at€the€time€of€the€author's€submission€to€the€Committee,€hisÐ @-(, Ðappeal€for€judicial€review€was€still€pending€before€the€Budapest€Municipal€Court.€The€CourtÏrejected€the€appeal€on€23€January€1997€on€the€grounds,€òòinter€aliaóó,€that€it€did€not€contain€anyÐ œì Ðnew€circumstances€that€would€warrant€alteration€of€the€ruling€of€the€court€of€first€instanceÏand€that€the€administrative€authorities€had€applied€the€law€correctly€when€rejecting€theÏauthor's€asylum€claim.€ÌÌ4.7€The€author€initiated€additional€procedures€before€the€Hungarian€immigration€authorities.ÏThus,€on€21€May€1998,€he€submitted€a€new€application€for€asylum€to€the€Ô_ÔGyrÔ_Ô€DepartmentÏof€the€Office€of€Refugee€and€Migration€Affairs€which€was€denied€on€10€July€1998€on€theÏgrounds€that€it€did€not€contain€any€new€elements€with€respect€to€his€former€application.€TheÏState€party€points€out€that€an€application€for€review€of€that€decision€is€pending.€ÌÌ4.8€As€to€the€expulsion€order€issued€against€the€author,€the€State€party€explains€that€prior€toÏthe€completion€of€the€first€judicial€review€procedure,€the€Alien€Police€Department€of€theÏNational€Headquarters€of€the€Border€Guard€examined€the€case€of€the€author€ex€officio.€ItÏannulled€the€expulsion€order€issued€by€the€Alien€Police€Department€of€the€Ô_ÔGyrÔ_Ô€BorderÏGuard€Directorate,€on€the€grounds€that€the€Directorate€had€acted€in€error€since,€pursuant€toÏthe€Aliens€Act,€expulsion€cannot€be€ordered€against€aliens€who€apply€for€asylum€unless€theirÏapplications€have€been€rejected€in€a€final€decision.€The€State€party€underlines€that€theÏexpulsion€order€was€annulled€before€the€date€of€the€author's€initial€submission€to€theÏCommittee.€ÌÌ4.9€On€24€May€1997,€following€the€final€rejection€of€the€author's€application€for€asylum,€theÏOffice€of€Refugee€and€Migration€Affairs€informed€the€Alien€Police€authorities€that€despiteÏthe€fact€that€the€author€had€not€been€granted€asylum,€the€Office€considered€that€at€present€theÏauthor€could€not€be€returned€to€his€country€of€origin€on€the€basis€of€the€provisions€of€sectionÏ32(1)€of€the€Aliens€Act.€According€to€those€provisions€no€alien€shall€be€Ô_ÔrefouledÔ_Ô€or€expelledÏto€a€country€or€to€the€frontiers€of€a€territory€where€he€would€be€threatened€with€persecutionÏon€account€of€his€race,€religion,€nationality,€membership€of€a€social€group€or€politicalÏopinion,€or€to€the€territory€of€a€State€or€frontiers€of€a€territory€where€there€are€substantialÏgrounds€for€believing€that€the€Ô_ÔrefouledÔ_Ô€or€expelled€aliens€would€be€subjected€to€torture,Ïinhuman€or€degrading€punishment.€On€the€basis€of€the€statement€of€the€Office€for€RefugeeÏand€Migration€Affairs,€the€Alien€Police€authorities€issued€a€temporary€certificate€allowingÏthe€author€to€stay€in€the€country.€ÌÌ4.10€The€State€party€underlines€that,€apart€from€refugee€status,€the€law€provides€otherÏpossibilities€for€an€alien€to€stay€in€Hungary.€In€the€present€case,€although€denied€asylum,€theÏauthor€was€accorded€temporary€permission€to€stay€in€accordance€with€the€principle€of€non„¼Ô_ÔrefoulementÔ_Ô.€The€State€party€admits€that€the€author's€comments€regarding€deficienciesÏrelating€to€the€regulation€of€temporary€permission€to€stay€were€in€fact€well€founded,€butÏdraws€the€attention€of€the€Committee€to€the€fact€that,€since€the€submission€of€the€author'sÏcomplaint,€new€legislation€has€been€adopted€in€that€respect.€Act€Ô_ÔCXXXIXÔ_Ô€on€Asylum,€whichÏentered€into€force€on€1€March€1998,€contains€provisions€on€the€admission€of€refugees€andÏthe€recognition€of€persons€under€temporary€protection€in€accordance€with€EuropeanÏstandards.€Governmental€Decree€No.€24€and€25€(II.18)€Ô_ÔKormÔ_Ô.€of€1998€on€the€implementationÐ @-(, Ðof€the€Act€contains€detailed€rules€relating€to,€òòinter€aliaóó,€persons€under€temporary€protectionÐ ° Ðand€persons€authorized€to€stay,€and€defines€the€various€forms€of€benefits€and€assistance€forÏaliens€applying€for€asylum,€recognized€refugees,€persons€under€temporary€protection€andÏpersons€authorized€to€stay.€ÌÌ4.11€In€conclusion,€the€State€party€submits€that€the€domestic€legal€framework€of€HungaryÏcontains€guarantees€for€the€protection€of€the€rights€of€asylum„seekers€in€accordance€withÏEuropean€standards€and€the€international€obligations€undertaken€by€Hungary.€In€addition,€theÏState€party€considers€that€the€complaint€of€the€author€is€unfounded,€and€that€theÏcommunication€should€be€considered€inadmissible€due€to€the€fact€that€domestic€remediesÏhave€not€been€exhausted.€ÌÌñ ñò òñ ñòòCounsel's€commentsñ ñó óñ ñóó€Ð À  ÐÌ5.1€With€respect€to€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€counsel€submits€that€no€nationalÏprocedures€are€currently€pending,€since€the€author's€application€for€review€of€the€decision€byÏthe€Gyr€Department€of€the€Office€of€Refugee€and€Migration€Affairs€was€rejected€on€6ÏJanuary€1999.€ÌÌ5.2€Counsel€further€states€that€although€the€legal€environment€in€Hungary€concerning€theÏrights€to€asylum€and€the€refugee€determination€procedure€has€undergone€substantial€positiveÏchanges,€the€case€under€consideration€has€not€been€affected€by€those€changes€and€the€authorÏcan€still€not€benefit€from€protection€by€the€Hungarian€authorities.€The€author€submitted€oneÏapplication€to€the€Office€for€Refugee€and€Migration€Affairs€and€one€to€the€Capital€Court€afterÏ1€March€1998,€when€the€new€Act€on€Asylum€entered€into€force.€They€were€both€rejected,€onÏthe€grounds€that€the€author€had€relied€on€the€same€facts€as€in€his€earlier€applications.€CounselÏclaims,€however,€that€neither€the€first,€nor€the€second€refugee€determination€procedureÏexamined€the€treatment€and€possible€punishment€in€Turkey€of€rejected€and€subsequentlyÏreturned€Kurdish€asylum„seekers€who€have€allegedly€been€members€of€the€PKK.€ÌÌ5.3€The€Hungarian€legal€system€contains€guarantees€for€the€enforcement€of€the€provisionsÏof€the€Convention€and€other€human€rights€treaties.€Under€the€new€Act€on€Asylum€the€authorÏcould€indeed€benefit€from€protection€against€refoulement€by€being€granted€"authorised€toÏstay"€status.€That€status€provides€protection€to€persons€who€would,€for€example,€faceÏtreatment€contrary€to€article€3€of€the€Convention.€The€examination€of€whether€a€foreigner,Ïif€expelled€from€Hungary,€would€have€to€face,€òòinter€aliaóó,€the€threat€of€treatment€contrary€toÐ ô$D # Ðarticle€3€of€the€Convention€is€carried€out€ex€officio€by€the€Office€for€Refugee€and€MigrationÏAffairs.€However,€in€its€decision€of€20€July€1998€the€Office€did€not€mention€whether€theÏprohibition€of€refoulement€applied€in€the€author's€case,€although€in€practice€it€includes€aÏstatement€concerning€the€possibility€of€refoulement€in€decisions€rejecting€an€applicant€forÏrefugee€status.€ÌÌ5.4€Although€the€refugee€determination€procedure€ended€with€the€decision€of€6€January€1999,Ïthe€author€is€unaware€of€a€new€expulsion€procedure€being€initiated€in€his€case.€Even€if€it€isÏdetermined€that€he€may€not€be€returned€to€Turkey€on€non„refoulement€grounds,€his€status€andÐ @-(, Ðlegal€situation€in€Hungary€will€remain€unresolved.€The€applicant€would€be€issued€a€certificateÏentitling€him€to€temporary€residence,€which€is€not€the€same€as€a€residence€permit.€He€wouldÏnot€be€entitled€to€a€work€permit€or€to€social€benefits.€This€legal€"limbo"€would€in€itselfÏconstitute€inhuman€and€degrading€treatment€contrary€to€the€Convention.€ÌÌ5.5€With€respect€to€the€State€party's€argument€that€the€expulsion€order€had€already€beenÏannulled€at€the€time€of€the€author's€initial€submission,€counsel€contends€that€the€decision€ofÏthe€Alien€Police€was€communicated€to€the€author€after€he€had€filed€the€communication€withÏthe€Committee.€Had€there€not€been€an€expulsion€order€in€force€at€that€time,€it€would€haveÏbeen€senseless€for€the€author€to€lodge€the€complaint.€ÌÌñ ñò òñ ñòòIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€Committeeñ ñó óñ ñóó€Ð Ô$  ÐÌ6.1€Before€considering€any€of€the€allegations€in€a€communication,€the€Committee€againstÏTorture€must€decide€whether€or€not€the€communication€is€admissible€under€article€22€of€theÏConvention.€ÌÌ6.2€The€Committee€notes€the€State€party's€assertion€that€on€24€May€1997,€following€theÏrejection€of€the€author's€first€application€for€asylum,€the€Office€of€Refugee€and€MigrationÏAffairs€informed€the€Alien€Police€authorities€that,€despite€the€fact€that€the€author€had€notÏbeen€granted€asylum,€the€Office€considered€that€he€could€not€be€returned€to€his€country€ofÏorigin.€It€also€notes€that,€on€the€basis€of€that€statement,€the€Alien€Police€issued€a€certificateÏallowing€the€author€to€stay€in€the€country€temporarily.€The€Committee€finds€that€theÏinformation€provided€by€the€author€does€not€show€that€the€above„mentioned€certificate€is€notÏvalid€at€the€present€time.€The€Committee€further€notes€that€the€author€is€unaware€of€anÏexpulsion€procedure€being€initiated€against€him€after€the€final€judicial€decision€rejecting€hisÏsecond€application€for€asylum.€In€the€circumstances,€the€Committee€considers€that€the€authorÏis€in€no€immediate€danger€of€expulsion€and,€therefore,€the€communication,€as€it€stands,€isÏinadmissible€under€article€22,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Convention€as€incompatible€with€theÏprovisions€of€article€3€of€the€Convention.€ÌÌ7.€Accordingly,€the€Committee€decides:€ÌÌ(a)€That€the€communication€is€inadmissible;€ÌÌ(b)€That€this€decision€may€be€reviewed€under€rule€109€of€the€Committee's€rules€of€procedureÏupon€receipt€of€a€request€by€or€on€behalf€of€the€author€containing€information€to€the€effectÏthat€the€reasons€for€inadmissibility€no€longer€apply;€ÌÌ(c)€That€this€decision€shall€be€communicated€to€the€State€party,€the€author€and€hisÏrepresentative.€ÌÌ[Done€in€English,€French,€Russian€and€Spanish,€the€English€text€being€the€original€version.]€ÌññÓzÓññ