ÿWPC  ól( zK¢, Î-UG·q]nŽÆ«°T¯`Ê8º,ìÄeãàÝš&NÃø´ö‹NµMñ#´åã¤Q@ñ¶c­¢î¡UL×ëÖå¢|6! B­9ä·€n~‡£¨‚¢#†•M¤ÒƒiGã_ˆK½*ìn|cì­¤]y©6œýlµ›íØ[QnÛOm“aœ0h­©F«E×3wèÑÇDW²ýh:ˆ&v1Q~!'ß(€ÔbÝúµd>üˆùf¯Ù2CàÅ/§Fb9 .z†·íeA 4ÙÞ˜TòÕŠn˜¤½ÁÛÛý®§ùßéce…â´ðH—µøp•íºƒ7–è(»|¼ÝØ^fC ˆvYà}UqæùðˆÓj?²ÃIïGNËõ>:hþ{I%—BñSáÅ4ºbJˆÍgöYõÀ7=¾Û¤ë=iù—÷à‡à©ÉÙ9ðx†wÇãƒR%V̾n,¦>DcÝך¡´?¥wŒD³sZ¤Èa8·w˜¿·Ý†˜ |ùƒ(ÖÒùBU>²Ìð 0µ¼ 0<q 0Y­ 0_ 0ie 0PÎÆ 0áä 0(Å D+í AM    e 0Nu 0ÆÃ #Á‰ UNJ %˜Mž(¢NÊ^ ÌwØ4Üð mòô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Anna Maroufidou v. Sweden, Communication No. R.13/58 (5 September 1979), U.N. Doc. Supp. N49), U.N. Doc. Supp. N"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2DÏ$££Ý ƒFh!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XuXXXÔÔ€XuXXXuÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(ÍO$——ÔÿÔòòóóÔÿÔ(žFh$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€Xa‚XXXÔÔ€Xa‚XXXa‚ÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularXš®ú* Äpì*c(„³CorelÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒFh!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XuXXXÔÔ€XuXXXuÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔMaroufidouÔ_Ô€Ô_Ôv.Ô_Ô€SwedenóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€R.13/58Ð H˜ ÐÌ9€April€1981Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:óó€Anna€Ô_ÔMaroufidouÔ_ԀРxÈ  ÐÌòòState€party€concerned:óó€Sweden€Ð D”  ÐÌòòDate€of€communication:óó€5€September€1979€(date€of€initial€letter)€óóÐ ` ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€CovenantÐ Â Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights€Ð ¨ø ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€9€April€1981;€Ð tÄ ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€13/58€submitted€to€the€CommitteeÐ @ Ðby€Anna€Ô_ÔMaroufidouÔ_Ô€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€International€Covenant€on€HumanÐ &v ÐRights;€Ð  \ ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€author€of€theÐ Ø( Ðcommunication€and€by€the€State€party€concerned;€Ð ¾ ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð Š Ú ÐÌÌòòò òÓ  ÓViews€under€article€5(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóó€Ð <#Œ" ÐÓÇÓÌÌ1.€The€author€of€this€communication€(initial€letter€dated€5€September€1979€and€further€lettersÐ î%>!% Ðof€20€December€1979,€30€May€1980€and€20€January€1981)€is€Anna€Ô_ÔMaroufidouÔ_Ô,€a€GreekÐ Ô&$"& Ðcitizen.€She€submitted€the€communication€on€her€own€behalf€through€her€legalÐ º' #' Ðrepresentative.€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ2.1€The€author€alleges€that€she€is€a€victim€of€a€breach€by€Sweden€of€article€13€of€theÐ l*¼%* ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€She€describes€the€relevant€facts€asÐ R+¢&+ Ðfollows:€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- ÐÔ_Ô2.2€In€1975€she€came€to€Sweden€seeking€asylum.€In€1976€she€was€granted€a€residenceÐ ° Ðpermit.€Early€in€1977€several€aliens€and€Swedish€citizens€were€arrested€in€Sweden€onÐ –æ Ðsuspicion€of€being€involved€in€a€plan€to€abduct€a€former€member€of€the€SwedishÐ |Ì ÐGovernment.€This€plan€had€allegedly€been€contrived€by€the€alleged€terrorist€Ô_ÔNorbertÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔKrocherÔ_ÔÐ b² Ðfrom€the€Federal€Republic€of€Germany,€who€was€at€the€time€staying€in€Sweden€illegally.€HeÐ H˜ Ðand€other€arrested€foreigners€were€subsequently€expelled€from€Sweden.€Ð . ~ ÐÌ2.3€The€author€of€the€communication€was€arrested€in€Ô_ÔconnexionÔ_Ô€with€the€foregoing€eventsÐ ú J Ðin€April€1977,€because€she€had€met€some€of€the€suspects€in€the€Refugee€Council's€office€inÐ à 0 ÐStockholm€which€was€a€meeting€place€for€young€people€of€many€nationalities€and€also€aÐ Æ   ÐÔ_ÔcounsellingÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔcentreÔ_Ô€for€persons€seeking€asylum.€At€first€the€author€was€held€as€a€suspectÐ ¬ ü  Ðunder€the€Swedish€law€governing€arrest€and€remand€in€custody€in€criminal€casesÐ ’â  Ð(Ô_ÔRattengangsbalkenÔ_Ô€24/5)€as€it€was€suspected€that€information€concerning€acts€of€sabotageÐ xÈ  Ðhad€been€communicated€to€her.€It€seems€that€after€a€few€days€this€allegation€was€droppedÐ ^®  Ðand€that€she€continued€to€be€detained€under€the€Swedish€Aliens€Act€of€1954Ð D”  Ð(Ô_ÔUtlanningslagenÔ_Ô€sec.€35,€nom.€1).€The€Government,€however,€raised€the€issue€of€herÐ *z  Ðexpulsion€as€a€presumed€terrorist.€A€lawyer€was€appointed€to€represent€her€in€that€Ô_ÔconnexionÔ_Ô.Ð ` ÐHer€expulsion€was€decided€upon€on€5€May€1977.€The€decision€was€immediately€executedÐ öF Ðand€she€was€transported,€under€guard,€to€Greece.€In€spite€of€a€certificate,€issued€by€theÐ Ü, ÐSwedish€Embassy€in€Athens€on€6€May€1977,€that€she€was€not€being€prosecuted€for€anyÐ Â Ðpunishable€act€in€Sweden,€her€expulsion€as€a€potential€terrorist€made€it€impossible€for€herÐ ¨ø Ðto€find€any€meaningful€employment€in€Greece.€She€was€harassed€and€even€physicallyÐ ŽÞ Ðattacked€by€persons€whom€she€assumed€to€be€right„wing€extremists.€She€returned€illegallyÐ tÄ Ðto€Sweden€at€the€end€of€1978€in€order€to€apply€for€reconsideration€of€her€case,€which€seemedÐ Zª Ðto€her€to€be€the€only€solution€to€her€problems.€A€review€of€the€case€was€granted,€but€on€14Ð @ ÐJune€1979€the€Swedish€Government€confirmed€its€previous€decision€of€5€May€1977.€Ð &v ÐÌ2.4€The€Swedish€Government€based€its€decisions€on€the€Aliens€Act€of€1954€which,€sinceÐ òB Ð1975,€contains€provisions€against€terrorism.€The€relevant€provisions€applied€in€the€author'sÐ Ø( Ðcase€were€in€sections€20,€29,€30€and€31.€Section€29€provides€that€an€alien€may€be€expelledÐ ¾ Ðfrom€Sweden€"if€there€is€founded€reason€to€assume€that€he€belongs€to,€or€works€for,€òò/aóóÐ ¤ô Ðterrorisòòt/óóorganization€or€group",€as€defined€in€section€20,€and€if€"there€is€a€danger,Ð Š Ú Ðconsidering€what€is€known€about€his€previous€activities€or€otherwise,€that€he€will€participateÐ p!À  Ðin€Sweden€in€an€act"€as€referred€to€in€section€20.€Section€20€defines€a€terrorist€organizationÐ V"¦! Ðor€group€as€"an€organization€or€group€which,€considering€what€is€known€about€its€activities,Ð <#Œ" Ðcan€be€expected€to€use€violence,€threat€or€force€outside€.its€home€country€for€politicalÐ "$r# Ðpurposes€and,€in€this€Ô_ÔconnexionÔ_Ô,€to€commit€such€acts€in€Sweden".€According€to€section€30Ð %X $ Ðof€the€Aliens€Act,€the€decision€to€expel€an€alien€would€in€these€cases€be€taken€by€theÐ î%>!% ÐGovernment,€which,€however,€must€first€hear€the€views€of€the€Central€ImmigrationÐ Ô&$"& ÐAuthority.€According€to€section€31€expulsion€has€to€be€preceded€by€an€interrogation€of€theÐ º' #' Ðperson€concerned.€a/€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ2.5€The€decision€of€the€Swedish€Government€to€expel€her€is€contested€by€the€author€on€theÐ l*¼%* Ðground€that€it€was€based€only€on€the€allegation€that€she€had€Ô_ÔhadÔ_Ô€such€contact€with€Ô_ÔKrocherÔ_ÔÐ R+¢&+ Ðand€other€persons€involved€in€the€Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô€plan€that€she€was€not€likely€to€have€remainedÐ 8,ˆ', Ðignorant€about€the€planned€abduction.€She€denies€such€knowledge€and€argues€further€thatÐ -n(- ÐÔ_Ôeven€if€she€had€had€such€knowledge€this€would€not€have€been€a€sufficient€Basis€to€expel€herÐ ° Ðunder€the€Aliens€Act€because€that€law€stipulates€that€the€person€concerned€has€to€belong€to,Ð –æ Ðor€work€for,€an€organization€or€group€as€described€by€its€provisions.€Mere€knowledge€ofÐ |Ì Ðplanned€terrorist€activities€was,€therefore,€in€her€submission,€not€sufficient€to€Justify€anÐ b² Ðexpulsion€in€accordance€with€the€law.€In€addition,€she€points€out€that€Krocher€and€otherÐ H˜ Ðpersons€involved€had€not€formed€a€group€or€organization€as€described€by€the€Aliens€Act.Ð . ~ ÐThey€were€just€several€young€persons€of€various€nationalities€who€had€met€in€Stockholm,Ð  d Ðand€therefore€their€"home€country"€in€that€context€should€be€considered€to€be€Sweden.€Ð ú J ÐÌ2.6€For€these€reasons€the€author€considers€that€the€decision€to€expel€her€from€Sweden,€whileÐ Æ   Ðshe€was€lawfully€staying€in€that€country,€was€not€taken€in€accordance€with€Swedish€law€andÐ ¬ ü  Ðwas€therefore€in€violation€of€article€13€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€PoliticalÐ ’â  ÐRights.€Ð xÈ  ÐÌ2.7€The€author€states€that€all€available€domestic€remedies€have€been€exhausted.€Ð D”  ÐÌ3.€On€14€March€1980€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee€decided€toÐ ` Ðtransmit€the€communication€to€the€State€party,€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€ofÐ öF Ðprocedure,€requesting€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€admissibility.€Ð Ü, ÐÌ4.€The€State€party,€in€its€reply€of€19€May€1980,€did€not€contest€the€admissibility€of€theÐ ¨ø Ðcommunication,€but€reserved€its€right€to€reply€on€the€merits,€stating€merely€that€it€consideredÐ ŽÞ Ðthe€complaint€to€be€unfounded.€Ð tÄ ÐÌ5.€On€25€July€1980,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€òòdecided:€óóÐ @ ÐÌ(a)€That€the€communication€was€admissible;€Ð  \ ÐÌ(b)€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€party€should€beÐ Ø( Ðrequested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal€to€itÐ ¾ Ðof€this€decision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,€ifÐ ¤ô Ðany,€that€may€have€been€taken€by€it.€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ6.1€In€its€submission€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€dated€8€December€1980,Ð V"¦! Ðthe€State€party€stated€that€Anna€Maroufidou€was€arrested€on€4€April€1977.€She€wasÐ <#Œ" Ðinterrogated€by€the€police€on€15,€25€and€26€April.€On€28€April€1977€the€Central€ImmigrationÐ "$r# ÐAuthority€declared€that,€in€its€opinion,€there€was€good€reason€to€assume€that€AnnaÐ %X $ ÐMaroufidou€belonged€to,€or€worked€for,€an€organization€of€the€kind€dealt€with€in€section€20Ð î%>!% Ðof€the€Aliens€Act,€and€that€there€was€a€danger€that€she€would€participate€in€Sweden€in€an€actÐ Ô&$"& Ðenvisaged€by€that€article.€The€Central€Immigration€Authority€therefore€concluded€that€theÐ º' #' Ðconditions€for€her€expulsion€pursuant€to€section€29€of€the€Aliens€Act€were€fulfilled.€On€5Ð  (ð#( ÐMay€1977€the€Swedish€Government€decided€to€expel€Anna€Maroufidou€and€the€decision€wasÐ †)Ö$) Ðimmediately€executed.€In€a€petition€dated€15€September€1978€Anna€Maroufidou,€through€herÐ l*¼%* Ðlawyer,€asked€the€Government€to€revoke€its€decision€to€expel€her.€After€obtaining€theÐ R+¢&+ Ðcomments€of€the€National€Board€of€the€Police€as€well€as€the€reply€of€Anna€Maroufidou'sÐ 8,ˆ', Ðlawyer€to€these€comments€the€Government€decided€on€14€June€1979€to€reject€the€petition.€Ð -n(- Ї6.2€As€to€the€application€of€article€13€of€the€Covenant,€in€the€opinion€of€the€SwedishÐ ° ÐGovernment€article€13€requires€that€there€shall€be€a€legal€basis€for€a€decision€regardingÐ –æ Ðexpulsion.€The€decision€shall€be€taken€by€a€public€authority€which€has€competence€in€theÐ |Ì Ðmatter,€and€in€accordance€with€procedure€prescribed€by€law.€The€decision€shall€also€be€takenÐ b² Ðon€the€basis€of€legal€provisions€or€rules€which€lay€down€the€conditions€for€expulsion.€On€theÐ H˜ Ðother€hand,€the€interpretation€of€national€law€must€primarily€be€the€task€of€the€competentÐ . ~ Ðnational€authorities.€In€this€regard€the€task€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee€should€beÐ  d Ðlimited€to€an€examination€of€whether€the€national€authorities€interpreted€and€applied€the€lawÐ ú J Ðin€good€faith€and€in€a€reasonable€manner.€Ð à 0 ÐÌ6.3€The€State€party€pointed€out€that€the€conditions€for€expulsion€which€were€found€to€beÐ ¬ ü  Ðfulfilled€in€the€case€of€Anna€Maroufidou€were€laid€down€in€sections€20€and€29€of€the€AliensÐ ’â  ÐAct.€The€provisions€of€these€articles€were€interpreted€and€applied€by€the€State€party€in€goodÐ xÈ  Ðfaith€and€in€a€reasonable€manner€Krocher€and€his€collaborators€must€be€considered€toÐ ^®  Ðconstitute€an€organization€or€group€of€the€kind€envisaged€in€section€20,€and€there€were€clearÐ D”  Ðindications€that€Anna€Maroufidou€had€been€actively€involved€in€the€work€of€thatÐ *z  Ðorganization€or€group.€She€was€known€to€have€found€a€flat€for€Krocher€and€to€have€takenÐ ` Ðsteps,€after€Krocher's€arrest,€to€remove€from€the€flat€objects€which€were€of€interest€asÐ öF Ðevidence€against€Krocher.€Suspicions€against€Anna€Maroufidou€were€further€strengthenedÐ Ü, Ðby€certain€objects€(masking€equipment€etc.)€which€were€found€in€her€possession.€SubsequentÐ Â Ðdisclosures,€in€particular€at€the€trial€against€the€Swedish€nationals€involved€in€the€KrocherÐ ¨ø Ðconspiracy,€confirmed,€in€the€opinion€of€the€State€party,€that€she€was€a€close€collaborator€ofÐ ŽÞ ÐKrocher€and€had€been€actively€involved€in€discussions€concerning€the€planned€abduction€andÐ tÄ Ðthat€she€had€been€designated€by€Krocher€to€play€an€active€role€in€the€abduction€itself.€Ð Zª ÐÌ6.4€The€State€party€submitted€therefore€that€the€decision€to€expel€Anna€Maroufidou€wasÐ &v Ð"reached€in€accordance€with€law"€and€that€there€has€been€no€violation€of€article€13€of€theÐ  \ ÐCovenant€in€this€case.€Ð òB ÐÌ7.1€On€20€January€1981,€the€author€of€the€communication€submitted,€through€her€legalÐ ¾ Ðrepresentative,€comments€on€the€State€party's€submissions€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€OptionalÐ ¤ô ÐProtocol.€In€her€comments€she€states€that€she€does€not€dispute€the€opinion€of€the€SwedishÐ Š Ú ÐGovernment€that€article€13€of€the€Covenant€requires€a€legal€basis€for€a€decision€to€expel€anÐ p!À  Ðalien.€In.€the€opinion€of€the€author,€however,€if€the€ground€for€the€decision€is€one€whichÐ V"¦! Ðcannot€be€found€in€the€applicable€domestic€law€of€the€State€party,€then€the€conclusion€mustÐ <#Œ" Ðbe€drawn€that€article€13€has€been€violated.€In€this€regard€the€author€submits€that€it€is€clearÐ "$r# Ðthat€mere€knowledge€of€a€terrorist€plan€is€not€a€ground€for€expulsion€under€the€relevantÐ %X $ Ðprovisions€of€the€Swedish€Aliens€Act.€She€contends€that€it€is€obvious€from€the€òòtravauxÐ î%>!% Ðpreparatoires€óóof€this€law€and€all€legal€literature€about€it€that€the€legislation€against€terrorismÐ Ô&$"& Ðis€of€an€extraordinary€nature€and€that€it€should€be€applied€in€a€restrictive€manner.€It€is€alsoÐ º' #' Ðclear,€in€her€submission,€that€the€only€charge€against€her€at€the€time€of€the€decision€whichÐ  (ð#( Ðshe€is€contesting€was€this€alleged€knowledge.€She€maintains€that€all€the€circumstancesÐ †)Ö$) Ðmentioned€by€the€State€party€have€natural€explanations€and€are€by€no€means€decisive.€AsÐ l*¼%* Ðstated€in€her€original€communication€all€the€refugees€who€met€and€made€each€other'sÐ R+¢&+ Ðacquaintance€at€the€Refugee€Council's€office€in€Stockholm€found€themselves€in€a€similarÐ 8,ˆ', Ðsituation€and€often€had€common€interests.€Many€of€them€had€difficulties€in€finding€roomsÐ -n(- Ðor€flats€to€live.€It€was€common€knowledge€that€they€assisted€each€other€and€often€crowdedÐ ° Ðinto€rather€small€quarters.€They€frequently€rented€their€rooms€on€short„term€conditions€andÐ –æ Ðthere€was€for€this€reason€much€moving€around.€The€author€helped€several€people€to€find€aÐ |Ì Ðplace€to€live.€After€Krocher's€arrest€she€was€afraid€that€she€might€be€arrested€herself.€TheÐ b² Ðnewspapers€were€full€of€news€and€big€headlines€about€this€arrest€and€Krocher's€dramaticÐ H˜ Ðplans€of€terrorism.€Therefore€she€did€hide€certain€things€not€to€protect€Krocher€but€to€protectÐ . ~ Ðherself€against€any€unjust€suspicion€of€collaboration€with€him.€Ð  d ÐÌ7.2€The€author€argues€that,€if€it€was€true€that€she€had€participated€in€the€preparations€for€theÐ à 0 Ðcrimes€planned€by€Krocher,€she€would€have€been€prosecuted€for€conspiracy€and€preparationsÐ Æ   Ðfor€those€crimes€under€Swedish€law€but€she€was€not.€In€addition,€subsequent€disclosures€atÐ ¬ ü  Ðthe€trial€against€the€Swedish€nationals€involved€in€the€Krocher€conspiracy€could€not€justifyÐ ’â  Ðthe€decision€to€expel€her€because€that€trial€took€place€a€long€time€afterwards,€and€becauseÐ xÈ  Ðthe€author€as€well€as€many€other€foreigners€who€had€been€expelled€were€not€present€at€thatÐ ^®  Ðtrial.€So€the€Swedish€citizens€then€accused€were€free,€without€being€challenged€to€make€anyÐ D”  Ðreference€to€the€absent€aliens€which€they€and€their€defence€counsel€saw€fit.€Ð *z  ÐÌ7.3€The€author€also€argues€that€section€20€of€the€Swedish€Aliens€Act€requires€that€theÐ öF Ðorganization€or€group€must,€while€being€suspected€of€planning€or€committing€acts€inÐ Ü, ÐSweden,€be€outside€its€home€country.€She€claims,€therefore,€that€the€application€of€theÐ Â Ðrelevant€provisions€of€this€law€to€a€group€which€has€been€formed€in€Sweden€is€an€evidentÐ ¨ø Ðmisinterpretation.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ7.4€For€all€these€reasons,€the€author€does€not€agree€with€the€State€party's€statement€that€theÐ Zª Ðtask€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee€should€be€limited€to€an€examination€of€whether€theÐ @ Ðcompetent€authorities€have€applied€the€law€in€good€faith€and€in€a€reasonable€manner.€SheÐ &v Ðstates€that€it€is€not€her€intention€to€enter€into€a€debate€as€to€whether€the€Swedish€GovernmentÐ  \ Ðat€the€time€of€the€decision€acted€in€good€faith€or€not:€her€case€is€that€this€decision€was€notÐ òB Ðreached€in€accordance€with€the€provisions€of€the€Aliens€Act€since€it€was€based€on€oneÐ Ø( Ðground€which€was€not€to€be€found€in€those€provisions€and€on€another€ground€which€was€anÐ ¾ Ðobvious€misinterpretation€of€them.€Ð ¤ô ÐÌ8.€The€Committee€considering€the€present€communication€in€the€light€of€all€informationÐ p!À  Ðmade€available€to€it€by€the€parties€as€provided€for€in€article€5€(1)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,Ð V"¦! Ðhereby€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€facts€which€have€been€essentiallyÐ <#Œ" Ðconfirmed€by€the€State€party:€Anna€Maroufidou,€a€Greek€citizen,€who€came€to€SwedenÐ "$r# Ðseeking€asylum,€was€granted€a€residence€permit€in€1976.€Subsequently€on€4€April€1977€sheÐ %X $ Ðwas€arrested€on€suspicion€of€being€involved€in€a€plan€of€a€terrorist€group€to€abduct€a€formerÐ î%>!% Ðmember€of€the€Swedish€Government.€In€these€circumstances€the€Central€ImmigrationÐ Ô&$"& ÐAuthority€on€28€April€1977€raised€the€question€of€her€expulsion€from€Sweden€on€the€groundÐ º' #' Ðthat€there€was€good€reason€to€believe€that€she€belonged€to,€or€worked€for,€a€terroristÐ  (ð#( Ðorganization€or€group,€and€that€there€was€a€danger€that€she€would€participate€in€Sweden€inÐ †)Ö$) Ða€terrorist€act€of€the€kind€referred€to€in€sections€20€and€29€of€the€Aliens€Act.€A€lawyer€wasÐ l*¼%* Ðappointed€to€represent€her€in€the€proceedings€under€the€Act.€On€5€May€1977€the€SwedishÐ R+¢&+ ÐGovernment€decided€to€expel€her€and€the€decision€was€immediately€executed.€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- Ð9.1€Article€13€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€provides€that€Ð ° ÐÌ"An€alien€lawfully€in€the€territory€of€a€State€Party€to€the€present€Covenant€may€be€expelledÐ |Ì Ðtherefrom€only€in€pursuance€of€a€decision€reached€in€accordance€with€law€and€shall,€exceptÐ b² Ðwhere€compelling€reasons€of€national€security€otherwise€require,€be€allowed€to€submit€theÐ H˜ Ðreasons€against€his€expulsion€and€to€have€his€case€reviewed€by,€and€be€represented€for€theÐ . ~ Ðpurpose€before,€the€competent€authority€or€a€person€or€persons€especially€designated€by€theÐ  d Ðcompetent€authority."€Ð ú J ÐÌ9.2€Article€13€lays€down€a€number€of€conditions€which€must€be€complied€with€by€the€StateÐ Æ   Ðparty€concerned€when€it€expels€an€alien€from€its€territory.€The€article€applies€only€to€an€alienÐ ¬ ü  Ð"lawfully€in€the€territory":€of€the€State€party,€but€it€is€not€in€dispute€that€when€the€questionÐ ’â  Ðof€Anna€Maroufidou's€expulsion€arose€in€April€1977€she€was€lawfully€resident€in€Sweden.Ð xÈ  ÐNor€is€there€any€dispute€in€this€case€concerning€the€due€observance€by€the€State€party€of€theÐ ^®  Ðprocedural€safeguards€laid€doom€in€article€13.€The€only€question€is€whether€the€expulsionÐ D”  Ðwas€':in€accordance€with€law".€Ð *z  ÐÌ9.3€The€reference€to€"law"€in€this€context€is€to€the€domestic€law€of€the€State€party€concerned,Ð öF Ðwhich€in€the€present€case€is€Swedish€law,€though€of€course€the€relevant€provisions€ofÐ Ü, Ðdomestic€law€must€in€themselves€be€compatible€with€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant.€ArticleÐ Â Ð13€requires€compliance€with€both€the€substantive€and€the€procedural€requirements€of€the€law.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ10.1€Anna€Maroufidou€claims€that€the€decision€to€expel€her€was€in€violation€of€article€13€ofÐ tÄ Ðthe€Covenant€because€it€was€not€"in€accordance€with€law".€In€her€submission€it€was€basedÐ Zª Ðon€an€incorrect€interpretation€of€the€Swedish€Aliens€Act.€The€Committee€takes€the€view€thatÐ @ Ðthe€interpretation€of€domestic€law€is€essentially€a€matter€for€the€courts€and€authorities€of€theÐ &v ÐState€party€concerned.€It€is€not€within€the€powers€or€functions€of€the€Committee€to€evaluateÐ  \ Ðwhether€the€competent€authorities€of€the€State€party€in€question€have€interpreted€and€appliedÐ òB Ðthe€domestic€law€correctly€in€the€case€before€it€under€the€Optional€Protocol,€unless€it€isÐ Ø( Ðestablished€that€they€have€not€interpreted€and€applied€it€in€good€faith€or€that€it€is€evident€thatÐ ¾ Ðthere€has€been€an€abuse€of€power.€Ð ¤ô ÐÌ10.2€In€the€light€of€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€individual€and€theÐ p!À  Ðexplanations€and€observations€of€the€State€party€concerned,€the€Committee€is€satisfied€thatÐ V"¦! Ðin€reaching€the€decision€to€expel€Anna€Maroufidou€the€Swedish€authorities€did€interpret€andÐ <#Œ" Ðapply€the€relevant€provisions€of€Swedish€law€in€good€faith€and€in€a€reasonable€manner€andÐ "$r# Ðconsequently€that€the€decision€was€made€"in€accordance€with€law"€as€required€by€article€13Ð %X $ Ðof€the€Covenant.€Ð î%>!% ÐÌ11.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€acting€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theÐ º' #' ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€is€therefore€of€the€view€that€the€aboveÐ  (ð#( Ðfacts€do€not€disclose€any€violation€of€the€Covenant€and€in€particular€of€article€13.€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ_________Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌa/€€€The€English€translation€of€the€quoted€section€is€that€provided€by€the€State€party.