ÿWPC  8az4È!âªÌ3I¦´¿q.úÆ¡º€DZ˜2kz5_8Žè=RÍúKüóˆâ6|©åeâ‡R ‹ÿ?íÌQ ú Ç$·¢µ1ekPš›A¹ž[ìŒé½SN`Ÿþ¥;D6?~/ZXIÞÎ÷©ž¶Ùâ7~´£,a@å|»ýK‹6Ö·+ä ° µÏÝ^AU(÷Ë'×kTË(dðÿÀ;áG7KÀÐ<—¸§b󸹑¼'+#¶ïûjz畯W$MŠè¼†ÜæËM*(ðš+bî !œ{Õ‡Âã²®O üÅ7O»º'õ¹Œ*FR¿`[èq6G¯nØËÈi§šËÍ ¿qr¼‰ç¥"Óñh„úÀV¼’׉èqæ£R©6çÍ›˜úg ¶Ä÷KíçµH…½Ù¬Õ­M þïô«ë†¾Øîp‡ÍD[LkêæˆGÜh=‹âN ¡Pþûf›• ¡ók®)ì¬ñPA+¶“%ô¢ƒm=,óAò–ÿý%süˆ× þж]ho¸—ªÿmô5³ûÅ¿ðÔ$ 7‚±¿ý¤R[lè®@÷…ƒòdÐß]uô êÃbŠªÓŽ‚©[}]<îp)l$œÍPJÜU>BÌ€ 0nL 0iº 0Y# 0_| 0&ÛU6  7 0ÆG #Á UNÎ % M" (& NN ^ P w\ 4` t mv ô\  `‹&Times New Roman' United Nations Human Rights Website - Treaty Bodies Database - Document - Jurisprudence - 4nt - Jurisprudence - "Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   <ÿÿ:Default ParaÔ€ôôôÔÔ€XXXÔ< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô<qyÿÿ:HTML TypewriÔ€ôôôÔÔK€<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔÔS€ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔÔ  Ô<þ6X9`(‹Courier New#|x(žv$¡¡ÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ X~\XX XÔÔ€X~\XX X~\ÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman Regular X‹Œû* Äpì*ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ v!ÝÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ X|XXX XÔÔ€X|XXX X|XÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òCOMMITTEE€AGAINST€TORTUREÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔNezÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔChipanaÔ_Ô€v.€VenezuelaóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No€110/1998Ð H˜ ÐÌ10€November€1998Ð  d ÐÌCAT/C/21/D/110/1998Ð à 0 ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ ’â  ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€Cecilia€Ô_ÔRosanaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔNezÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔChipanaÔ_Ô€(represented€by€counsel)€Ð D”  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimóó:€The€author€Ð ` ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€Venezuela€óóÐ Ü, ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Committee€against€Tortureóó,€established€under€article€17€of€the€Convention€againstÐ ŽÞ ÐTorture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,€Ð tÄ ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€10€November€1998,€Ð @ ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€110/1998,€submitted€to€theÐ  \ ÐCommittee€against€Torture€under€article€22€of€the€Convention,€Ð òB ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€author€of€theÐ ¾ Ðcommunication€and€the€State€party,€Ð ¤ô ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€its€Ð p!À  ÐÌÌòòò òÓ  ÓViews€under€article€22,€paragraph€7,€of€the€Conventionó óóó€Ð "$r# ÐÓèÓÌÌ1.€The€author€of€the€communication€is€Cecilia€Ô_ÔRosanaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔNezÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔChipanaÔ_Ô,€a€Peruvian€citizenÐ Ô&$"& Ðdetained€in€Venezuela€and€subjected€to€extradition€proceedings€at€the€request€of€theÐ º' #' ÐGovernment€of€Peru.€She€claims€that€her€forced€return€to€Peru€would€be€a€violation€byÐ  (ð#( ÐVenezuela€of€article€3€of€the€Convention.€She€is€represented€by€counsel.€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌòòThe€facts€described€by€the€authoróó€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌ2.1€The€Committee€received€the€first€letter€from€the€author€on€30€April€1998.€She€stated€thatÐ -n(- Ðshe€was€arrested€in€Caracas€on€16€February€1998€by€officials€of€the€Intelligence€andÐ ° ÐPrevention€Services€Department€(Ô_ÔDISIPÔ_Ô).€The€Government€of€Peru€requested€her€extraditionÐ –æ Ðon€26€February€1998,€and€extradition€proceedings€were€instituted€in€the€Criminal€ChamberÐ |Ì Ðof€the€Supreme€Court€of€Justice.€Ð b² ÐÌ2.2€The€author€maintained€that€the€nature€of€the€accusations€against€her€would€place€her€inÐ . ~ Ðthe€group€of€persons€liable€to€be€subjected€to€torture.€The€Peruvian€authorities€accused€herÐ  d Ðof€the€offence€of€disturbing€public€order€(terrorism€against€the€State)€and€being€a€memberÐ ú J Ðof€the€subversive€movement€Sendero€Ô_ÔLuminosoÔ_Ô.€The€main€evidence€in€support€of€theseÐ à 0 Ðaccusations€was€testimony€by€two€persons€under€the€repentance€legislation€(a€legal€deviceÐ Æ   Ðfor€the€benefit€of€persons€who€are€involved€in€acts€of€terrorism€and€who€provide€usefulÐ ¬ ü  Ðinformation€to€the€authorities)€in€which€they€stated€that€they€recognized€the€author€in€aÐ ’â  Ðphotograph,€as€well€as€the€police€reports€stating€that€subversive€propaganda€had€been€foundÐ xÈ  Ðin€the€place€where€the€witnesses€say€the€author€carried€out€the€acts€of€which€she€wasÐ ^®  Ðaccused.€According€to€the€author,€the€witnesses€did€not€meet€the€requirements€for€beingÐ D”  Ðregarded€as€competent€witnesses€in€accordance€with€the€State€party's€procedural€legislationÐ *z  Ðbecause€they€were€co„defendants€in€the€proceedings€against€her.€She€also€pointed€out€thatÐ ` Ðher€sister€had€been€arrested€in€1992,€tried€for€her€alleged€involvement€in€subversive€acts€andÐ öF Ðkept€in€prison€for€four€years€until€an€appeal€court€declared€her€innocent.€Ð Ü, ÐÌ2.3€The€author€denied€the€charges,€although€she€admitted€that€she€belonged€to€the€lawfulÐ ¨ø Ðorganization€"United€Left€Movement"€and€to€lawful€community€organizations€such€as€theÐ ŽÞ Ð"Glass€of€Milk€Committees"€and€the€"Popular€Libraries€Committees".€She€said€she€hadÐ tÄ Ðworked€as€an€instructor€in€literacy€campaigns€for€low„income€groups€in€Peru.€She€also€saidÐ Zª Ðshe€fled€her€country€as€a€result€of€well„founded€fears€that€her€freedom€and€physical€integrityÐ @ Ðwere€in€danger,€when€she€learned€in€the€press€that€she€was€being€accused€of€terrorism;€sheÐ &v Ðrecognized€that€she€used€legal€identity€documents€belonging€to€her€sister€to€enter€and€stayÐ  \ Ðin€Venezuela.€She€also€said€she€had€not€applied€for€political€asylum€in€the€State€party,€whereÐ òB Ðshe€was€working€as€a€teacher,€because€she€did€not€know€the€law€and€was€afraid€because€sheÐ Ø( Ðwas€undocumented.€Ð ¾ ÐÌ2.4€If€the€Supreme€Court€of€Justice€authorized€the€extradition,€it€would€take€place€within€aÐ Š Ú Ðfew€hours€under€an€Executive€order€by€which€the€Supreme€Court€would€notify€the€MinistryÐ p!À  Ðof€Justice,€which€would€in€turn€notify€the€Ministry€of€Foreign€Affairs,€which€would€establishÐ V"¦! Ðcontact€with€the€Government€of€Peru€to€make€arrangements€for€the€person's€return€to€Peru.€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌ2.5€In€an€earlier€communication,€the€author€informed€the€Committee€that€the€Supreme€CourtÐ %X $ Ðhad€agreed€to€extradition€in€a€decision€published€on€16€June€1998.€It€was€subject€to€theÐ î%>!% Ðfollowing€conditions:€(a)€that€the€author€should€not€be€liable€to€life€imprisonment€or€theÐ Ô&$"& Ðdeath€penalty;€(b)€that€she€should€not€be€liable€to€more€than€30€years'€imprisonment;€and€(c)Ð º' #' Ðthat€she€should€not€be€liable€to€detention€incommunicado,€isolation,€torture€or€any€otherÐ  (ð#( Ðprocedure€that€would€cause€physical€or€mental€suffering€while€she€was€on€trial€or€servingÐ †)Ö$) Ðher€sentence.€The€author's€counsel€filed€an€application€for€constitutional€òòÔ_ÔamparoÔ_Ôóó€which€wasÐ l*¼%* Ðdeclared€inadmissible€by€the€Supreme€Court.€Extradition€took€place€on€3€July€1998.€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌ2.6€The€author€also€informed€the€Committee€that,€on€24€March€1998,€she€formally€submittedÐ -n(- Ðher€application€for€asylum€in€writing€and€that,€on€12€June€1998,€her€counsel€formallyÐ ° Ðrequested€that€the€Office€of€the€United€Nations€High€Commissioner€for€Refugees€shouldÐ –æ Ðregard€her€as€a€candidate€for€refugee€status.€Ð |Ì ÐÌòòThe€complaintóó€Ð H˜ ÐÌ3.1€The€author€maintained€that€her€forced€return€to€Peru€would€place€her€in€danger€of€beingÐ  d Ðsubjected€to€torture.€Such€a€situation€had€to€be€borne€in€mind,€particularly€in€the€context€ofÐ ú J Ðthe€existence€in€Peru€of€a€consistent€pattern€of€violations€of€human€rights,€an€aspect€of€whichÐ à 0 Ðwas€the€frequent€use€of€torture€against€persons€accused€of€belonging€to€insurgentÐ Æ   Ðorganizations,€as€noted€by€United€Nations€bodies,€the€Organization€of€American€States€andÐ ¬ ü  Ðnon„governmental€organizations.€The€author€therefore€asked€the€Committee€to€request€theÐ ’â  ÐState€party€to€refrain€from€carrying€out€her€forced€return€to€Peru€while€her€communicationÐ xÈ  Ðwas€being€considered€by€the€Committee.€Ð ^®  ÐÌ3.2€She€also€maintained€that,€if€she€was€extradited,€proceedings€would€be€brought€againstÐ *z  Ðher€that€would€not€guarantee€the€fundamental€principles€of€due€process,€since€seriousÐ ` Ðirregularities€were€committed€every€day€in€Peru€during€the€trial€of€persons€accused€ofÐ öF Ðbelonging€to€an€insurgent€organization.€Such€irregularities€were€contrary€to€the€provisionsÐ Ü, Ðof€the€international€human€rights€instruments€ratified€by€Peru€and€by€the€State€party.€Ð  ÐÌòòObservations€by€the€State€partyóó€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ4.1€Through€its€Special€Rapporteur€on€New€Communications,€the€Committee€transmittedÐ Zª Ðthe€communication€to€the€State€party€on€11€May€1998,€requesting€it€to€submit€itsÐ @ Ðobservations€on€the€admissibility€and,€if€it€did€not€object€thereto,€on€the€merits€of€theÐ &v Ðcommunication.€It€also€requested€the€State€party€to€refrain€from€expelling€or€extraditing€theÐ  \ Ðauthor€while€her€communication€was€being€considered€by€the€Committee.€Ð òB ÐÌ4.2€On€2€July€1998,€the€State€party€informed€the€Committee€that€the€Supreme€Court'sÐ ¾ Ðdecision€had€been€adopted€in€accordance€with€domestic€legislation,€particularly€the€PenalÐ ¤ô ÐCode€and€the€Code€of€Criminal€Procedure,€and€the€1928€Convention€on€Private€InternationalÐ Š Ú ÐLaw,€to€which€Peru€and€Venezuela€were€parties.€The€activities€attributed€to€the€author,Ð p!À  Ðnamely,€involvement€in€manufacturing€and€planting€car€bombs€for€later€attacks€which€killedÐ V"¦! Ðand€wounded€a€large€number€of€people,€constituted€a€serious€ordinary€offence,€not€a€politicalÐ <#Œ" Ðoffence.€The€State€party€also€indicated€that€the€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€had€not€provided€any€factualÐ "$r# Ðevidence€to€indicate€whether€or€not€article€3,€paragraph€1,€of€the€Convention€against€TortureÐ %X $ Ðwas€applicable.€The€statements€by€witnesses€who€accused€the€author€and€whom€the€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_ÔÐ î%>!% Ðclaimed€had€been€subjected€to€torture€had€been€made€without€any€coercion,€as€shown€by€theÐ Ô&$"& Ðfact€that€they€had€been€given€in€the€presence€of€representatives€of€the€Public€Prosecutor'sÐ º' #' ÐDepartment€and€the€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€lawyers.€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌòòComments€by€the€authoróó€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌÔ_Ô5.1€In€her€comments€on€the€observations€by€the€State€party,€the€author€maintained€that€theÐ 8,ˆ', Ðextradition€took€place€even€though€legal€remedies€had€not€been€exhausted,€at€the€time€whenÐ -n(- Ðthe€Supreme€Court€was€considering€an€application€for€òòÔ_ÔamparoÔ_Ôóó€with€a€request€forÐ ° Ðprecautionary€measures€against€the€decision€granting€extradition.€The€extradition€took€placeÐ –æ Ðon€3€July€and€only€on€7€July€1998€did€the€Court€rule€on€the€application€for€òòÔ_ÔamparoÔ_Ôóó,€declaringÐ |Ì Ðit€inadmissible,€together€with€the€precautionary€measure€requested.€In€addition,€the€transferÐ b² Ðto€Peru€took€place€by€surprise,€since€the€date€was€not€communicated€in€advance€either€to€theÐ H˜ Ðauthor€or€to€her€counsel.€Ð . ~ ÐÌ5.2€The€Supreme€Court€decision€did€not€refer€at€all€to€the€content€of€the€reports€submittedÐ ú J Ðby€the€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô,€but€did€refer€at€length€to€the€opinion€in€Ô_ÔfavourÔ_Ô€of€extradition€issued€by€theÐ à 0 ÐAttorney„General€of€the€Republic.€The€decision€also€did€not€refer€to€the€provisionalÐ Æ   Ðmeasures€requested€by€the€Committee,€even€though€they€were€invoked€by€the€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô.€OnlyÐ ¬ ü  Ðthe€dissenting€judge€referred€to€those€measures,€also€noting€that€there€were€no€grounds€forÐ ’â  Ðconvicting€the€author€of€the€charges€against€her,€that€conditions€in€Peru€did€not€guaranteeÐ xÈ  Ðdue€process€and€that€international€organizations€had€stated€their€views€on€flagrant€humanÐ ^®  Ðrights€violations€in€Peru.€As€an€argument€against€the€opinion€of€the€Supreme€Court,€theÐ D”  Ðauthor€also€referred€to€the€political€nature€of€the€offences€with€which€she€was€charged€inÐ *z  ÐPeru.€Ð ` ÐÌ5.3€The€author€said€that€neither€she€nor€her€counsel€had€received€any€reply€in€respect€of€theÐ Ü, Ðapplication€for€asylum,€contrary€to€what€the€Minister€for€Foreign€Affairs€had€stated€whenÐ Â Ðquestioned€by€the€Chamber€of€Deputies'€Standing€Committee€on€Domestic€Policy.Ð ¨ø ÐAccording€to€what€he€said,€the€Minister€had€informed€the€author,€in€a€letter€dated€27€MarchÐ ŽÞ Ð1998,€that€the€application€for€asylum€did€not€contain€evidence€of€political€persecution€andÐ tÄ Ðthat€the€final€decision€lay€with€the€Supreme€Court.€Ð Zª ÐÌ5.4€He€said€that€the€State€party€had€ratified€the€1951€Convention€relating€to€the€Status€ofÐ &v ÐRefugees€and€the€1967€Protocol€relating€to€the€Status€of€Refugees,€which€provided€thatÐ  \ ÐStates€had€an€obligation€to€set€up€the€necessary€machinery€for€their€implementation.€ThereÐ òB Ðwere,€however,€no€procedures€or€authorities€in€the€State€party€to€guarantee€that€asylumÐ Ø( Ðseekers€would€be€guaranteed€that€right.€Moreover,€the€Executive€authorities€of€the€StateÐ ¾ Ðparty€had€said€that€they€could€take€a€decision€on€asylum€only€after€the€Supreme€Court€hadÐ ¤ô Ðruled€on€extradition.€That€argument€was€wrong,€however,€because€asylum€and€extraditionÐ Š Ú Ðare€two€different€and€autonomous€legal€institutions.€Ð p!À  ÐÌ5.5€The€author€reported€to€the€Committee€that,€following€her€extradition,€she€was€sentencedÐ <#Œ" Ðin€Peru€to€25€years'€imprisonment€on€10€August€1998,€after€a€trial€without€proper€guarantees.Ð "$r# ÐAt€present,€she€is€being€held€in€a€maximum€security€prison,€where,€òòinter€aliaóó,€she€is€confinedÐ %X $ Ðto€her€cell€for€the€first€year€(23€hours€in€her€cell€and€1€hour€outside€each€day)€and€can€receiveÐ î%>!% Ðfamily€visits€in€a€visiting€room€for€only€one€hour€a€week.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ5.6€The€author€recognizes€that€States€and€the€international€community€are€entitled€to€takeÐ  (ð#( Ðaction€to€combat€terrorism.€However,€such€action€cannot€be€carried€out€in€breach€of€the€ruleÐ †)Ö$) Ðof€law€and€international€human€rights€standards.€The€right€not€to€be€returned€to€a€countryÐ l*¼%* Ðwhere€a€person's€life,€liberty€and€integrity€are€threatened€would€be€seriously€jeopardized€ifÐ R+¢&+ Ðthe€requesting€State€had€only€to€claim€that€there€was€a€charge€of€terrorism€against€the€personÐ 8,ˆ', Ðwanted€for€extradition.€Such€a€situation€is€even€worse€if€the€accusation€is€made€on€the€basisÐ -n(- Ðof€national€anti„terrorist€legislation,€with€open„ended€criminal€penalties,€broad€definitionsÐ ° Ðof€"terrorist€acts"€and€judicial€systems€of€doubtful€independence.€Ð –æ ÐÌ5.7€The€author€maintains€that€the€State€party€has€violated€the€obligation€"to€refrain"€imposedÐ b² Ðon€it€by€article€3€of€the€Convention.€This€makes€it€an€obligation€for€the€State€party€to€takeÐ H˜ Ðmeasures€to€prevent€acts€of€torture€from€being€committed€against€the€author€for€the€durationÐ . ~ Ðof€the€custodial€penalty€imposed€by€the€Peruvian€authorities€or€for€as€long€as€the€PeruvianÐ  d ÐGovernment€in€any€way€prohibits€her€from€leaving€the€country€as€a€result€of€the€chargesÐ ú J Ðwhich€led€to€the€proceedings€against€her.€The€State€party€therefore€has€to€establish€suitableÐ à 0 Ðmachinery€to€follow€up€the€conditions€which€it€imposed€and€which€were€accepted€by€theÐ Æ   ÐPeruvian€authorities.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌòòIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€Committeeóó€Ð xÈ  ÐÌ6.1€Before€examining€any€complaint€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Committee€againstÐ D”  ÐTorture€must€determine€whether€it€is€admissible€under€article€22€of€the€Convention.€TheÐ *z  ÐCommittee€has€ascertained€that,€as€required€under€article€22,€paragraph€5€(a),€the€sameÐ ` Ðmatter€has€not€been,€and€is€not€being,€examined€under€another€procedure€of€internationalÐ öF Ðinvestigation€or€settlement.€The€Committee€notes€that€the€State€party€has€not€submittedÐ Ü, Ðobjections€to€the€admissibility€of€the€communication€and€is€of€the€opinion€that,€in€view€ofÐ Â Ðthe€Supreme€Court's€decision€declaring€inadmissible€the€application€for€òòÔ_ÔamparoÔ_Ôóó€against€theÐ ¨ø Ðsentence€of€extradition,€all€available€domestic€remedies€have€been€exhausted.€TheÐ ŽÞ ÐCommittee€therefore€concludes€that€there€are€no€reasons€why€the€communication€should€notÐ tÄ Ðbe€declared€admissible.€Since€both€the€State€party€and€the€author€have€submittedÐ Zª Ðobservations€on€the€merits€of€the€communication,€the€Committee€will€consider€it€as€to€theÐ @ Ðmerits.€Ð &v ÐÌ6.2€The€question€that€must€be€elucidated€by€the€Committee€is€whether€the€author'sÐ òB Ðextradition€to€Peru€would€violate€the€obligation€assumed€by€the€State€party€under€article€3Ð Ø( Ðof€the€Convention€not€to€extradite€a€person€to€another€State€where€there€are€substantialÐ ¾ Ðgrounds€for€believing€that€he€would€be€in€danger€of€being€subjected€to€torture.€Ð ¤ô ÐÌ6.3€The€Committee€must€then€decide€whether€there€are€well„founded€reasons€for€believingÐ p!À  Ðthat€the€author€would€be€in€danger€of€being€subjected€to€torture€on€her€return€to€Peru.€InÐ V"¦! Ðaccordance€with€article€3,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€should€takeÐ <#Œ" Ðaccount,€for€the€purpose€of€determining€whether€there€are€such€grounds,€of€all€relevantÐ "$r# Ðconsiderations,€including,€where€applicable,€the€existence€in€the€State€concerned€of€aÐ %X $ Ðconsistent€pattern€of€gross,€flagrant€or€mass€violations€of€human€rights.€However,€theÐ î%>!% Ðexistence€of€a€pattern€of€this€nature€does€not€in€itself€constitute€a€sufficient€reason€forÐ Ô&$"& Ðdeciding€whether€the€person€in€question€is€in€danger€of€being€subjected€to€torture€on€herÐ º' #' Ðreturn€to€this€country;€there€must€be€specific€reasons€for€believing€that€the€person€concernedÐ  (ð#( Ðis€personally€in€danger.€Similarly,€the€absence€of€this€pattern€does€not€mean€that€a€person€isÐ †)Ö$) Ðnot€in€danger€of€being€subjected€to€torture€in€her€specific€case.€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ6.4€When€considering€the€periodic€reports€of€Peru,€1/€€the€Committee€received€numerousÐ 8,ˆ', Ðallegations€from€reliable€sources€concerning€the€use€of€torture€by€law€enforcement€officialsÐ -n(- Ðin€connection€with€the€investigation€of€the€offences€of€terrorism€and€treason€with€a€view€toÐ ° Ðobtaining€information€or€a€confession.€The€Committee€therefore€considers€that,€in€view€ofÐ –æ Ðthe€nature€of€the€accusations€made€by€the€Peruvian€authorities€in€requesting€the€extraditionÐ |Ì Ðand€the€type€of€evidence€on€which€they€based€their€request,€as€described€by€the€parties,€theÐ b² Ðauthor€was€in€a€situation€where€she€was€in€danger€of€being€placed€in€police€custody€andÐ H˜ Ðtortured€on€her€return€to€Peru.€Ð . ~ ÐÌ7.€In€the€light€of€the€above,€the€Committee,€acting€in€accordance€with€article€22,€paragraphÐ ú J Ð7,€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€orÐ à 0 ÐPunishment,€considers€that€the€State€party€failed€to€fulfil€its€obligation€not€to€extradite€theÐ Æ   Ðauthor,€which€constitutes€a€violation€of€article€3€of€the€Convention.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ8.€Furthermore,€the€Committee€is€deeply€concerned€by€the€fact€that€the€State€party€did€notÐ xÈ  Ðaccede€to€the€request€made€by€the€Committee€under€rule€108,€paragraph€3,€of€its€rules€ofÐ ^®  Ðprocedure€that€it€should€refrain€from€expelling€or€extraditing€the€author€while€herÐ D”  Ðcommunication€was€being€considered€by€the€Committee€and€thereby€failed€to€comply€withÐ *z  Ðthe€spirit€of€the€Convention.€The€Committee€considers€that€the€State€party,€in€ratifying€theÐ ` ÐConvention€and€voluntarily€accepting€the€Committee's€competence€under€article€22,Ð öF Ðundertook€to€cooperate€with€it€in€good€faith€in€applying€the€procedure.€Compliance€with€theÐ Ü, Ðprovisional€measures€called€for€by€the€Committee€in€cases€it€considers€reasonable€is€essentialÐ Â Ðin€order€to€protect€the€person€in€question€from€irreparable€harm,€which€could,€moreover,Ð ¨ø Ðnullify€the€end€result€of€the€proceedings€before€the€Committee.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ[Done€in€English,€French,€Russian€and€Spanish,€Spanish€being€the€original.]€Ð Zª ÐÌÌòòNoteóóÐ  \ ÐÌ1/€€€A/50/44,€paras.€62„73,€and€A/53/44,€paras.€197„205.€