ÿWPCK ý8ûÊbì\Ȫ€8ÙXeÙ%Ý›…­"I—¥ZÃ,žÛ,7eÂÒ檣GÁ ¸ æM}@àQ]Ç0YÜÇsõË›òŠj‡Áov¢uÈ%*@)•*6ê÷øþ'»y£}X\|Ý3Ím±ªÇå Qh¬üÛilÚâp,+ûÜBñn¶A Šó=F•¨ám=˜‰ {HHŠVÛeÿÜÓ°0„;wÉýáNó>ÈëÂRlêùL Ú?Åú° «f0Çx—홽yT<‘ü­ ø¯ò«ôî++«ì}ÏK¹‘Ö}ùÿèˆõóóR€ÁVJ1X /9ÂΦ{¼ ¯Ái¶S5RLUÄ;¼ 1=2uP! öˆ~ÖU>Pwf0D¬Ä‚z3¯Ÿí#*|OMDC H,ƒöQv5£D® øýpÿ.ü.fß ôi•÷ ^t#ìã ¶Z!)Ýp=ÀÙ;ß¼”ûÏ[¦îâ!±Æo£è2®Á.b¶ è©Îƒпú¿¤ŸÞÙc õ˸tZ¼ÊmäX ýå “wmÇñÞVô ‹ˉ߱ñ®ñÇÄ4F…dIômŸ+~9ÚÏË´˜“¨VXiÔsS>äoYÜÑK× žªõ€Ã2i¼nw— #Á¨UNi %· 0:½^ ÷w4* m,C˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,ÔÉ ó* Äpì*ˆk1X 3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Ý ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEE€Ð ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€v.€BoliviaóóÐ à ÐÌCommunication€No.€€336/1988Ð pÀ ÐÌ6€November€1990Ð P   ÐÌÔ_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/40/D/336/1988*Ð 0 € ÐÌÌADMISSIBILITYó óÐ P  ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€Nicole€Fillastre€(victimððs€wife)Ð Ð  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimsóó:€Andre€Fillastre€and€Pierre€BizouarnòòÐ ° ÐÌState€party€concernedóó:€BoliviaÐ à ÐÌòòDate€of€communicationóó:€27€September€1988Ð pÀ ÐÌòòDocument€referencesóó:€Prior€decisions€€„€CCPR/C/WG/35/D/336/1988€(Working€Group€rule€91Ð P  Ðdecision,€dated€14€March€1989)€CCPR/C/WG/36/D/336/1988€(Further€Working€Group€rule€91Ð @ Ðdecision€dated€5€July€1989)Ð 0€ ÐÌòòDate€of€present€decisionóó:€6€November€1990óóÐ ` ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€acting€through€its€Working€Group,€pursuant€to€rule€87,€paragraphÐ à0 Ð2,€of€the€Committeeððs€rules€of€procedure,€adopts€the€following:€€Ð Ð  ÐÌÌÓ)Óòòò òÓ  ÓDecision€on€admissibilityó óóóÐ  #ð! ÐÓÓÓÓÌÌ1.€€The€author€of€the€communication€(initial€submission€dated€27€September€1988€and€subsequentÐ p&À!$ Ðcorrespondence)€is€Nicole€Fillastre,€a€French€citizen€residing€in€Le€Havre,€France.€€She€submits€theÐ `'°"% Ðcommunication€on€behalf€of€her€husband,€Andre€Fillastre,€a€French€private€detective€who€is€currentlyÐ P( #& Ðdetained€at€the€Prison€of€San€Pedro€in€La€Paz,€Bolivia,€together€with€another€private€detective,€PierreÐ @)$' ÐBizouarn.€€By€letter€dated€25€May€1989,€Mr.€€Bizouarn€authorized€Nicole€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€to€act€on€hisÐ 0*€%( Ðbehalf.€€The€author€claims€that€her€husband€and€Mr.€€Bizouarn€have€been€the€victims€of€violationsÐ  +p&) Ðof€their€human€rights€by€Bolivia.Ð ,`'* ÐÌòòThe€Backgroundóó€:Ð ð-@), Ї2.1€The€author€states€that€on€26€August€1987€Andre€Fillastre€and€Pierre€Bizouarn€travelled€to€La€PazÐ ° Ðaccompanied€by€Ms.€€Silke€Zimmerman,€a€German€citizen€then€residing€in€France.€€Andre€FillastreÐ  ð Ðwas€travelling€in€his€capacity€as€a€private€detective€on€behalf€of€Ms.€€Zimmerman,€who€hadÐ à Ðrequested€his€services€in€order€to€find€and€repatriate€her€four„year€old€son€Raphael€CuizaÐ €Ð ÐZimmerman€in€Bolivia.€€Her€son€had€allegedly€been€taken€away€from€his€mother€by€his€BolivianÐ pÀ Ðfather,€Jorge€Cuiza,€and€flown€to€Bolivia.Ð ` ° ÐÌ2.2€On€3€September€1987,€Andre€Fillastre,€Mr.€€Bizouarn€and€Ms.€€Zimmerman€were€arrested€by€theÐ @  ÐBolivian€criminal€police,€after€a€complaint€had€been€filed€by€the€childððs€father,€who€claimed€that€theyÐ 0 € Ðhad€manipulated€their€way€into€his€home€and€that€they€had€started€a€fight€in€the€course€of€which€heÐ  p  Ðwas€injured.€€The€two€detectives€are€said€to€have€abducted€the€child€and€left€the€home,€together€withÐ `  Ðthe€mother.€€Subsequent€to€their€arrest,€criminal€proceedings€were€instituted€against€them.€€On€14Ð P  ÐSeptember€1987,€the€examining€magistrate€indicted€the€accused€on€three€grounds:€(a)€unauthorizedÐ ð@  Ðentry€into€a€home;€(b)€causing€grievous€bodily€harm€and€(c)€kidnapping€(òòsecuestroóó),€pursuant€toÐ à0  Ðarticles€14,€298,€271€and€334€of€the€Bolivian€Penal€Code.€€Allegedly,€he€did€so€without€interrogatingÐ Ð  Ðthe€authors.€€Nevertheless,€Ms.€€Zimmerman€was€released€a€few€days€afterwards,€apparently€withoutÐ À Ðplausible€explanations.€€Messrs.€€Fillastre€and€Bizouarn€were€instead€imprisoned€at€the€Prison€of€SanÐ ° ÐPedro,€where€they€continue€to€be€held.Ð  ð ÐÌ2.3€With€regard€to€the€requirement€of€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€author€states€that€theÐ €Ð Ðjudicial€proceedings€against€her€husband€and€his€friend€have€been€pending€before€the€magistrateÐ pÀ Ðcourt€since€September€1987.€€In€this€context,€she€indicates€that,€on€12€June€1990,€the€judge€wasÐ `° Ðexpected€to€render€his€decision€in€the€case€but€that,€since€the€attorney€representing€her€husband€didÐ P  Ðnot€appear€in€court,€he€decided€to€further€postpone€the€hearing.Ð @ ÐÌòòThe€Complaintóó€:Ð  p ÐÌ3.1€It€is€submitted€that€Messrs.€€Fillastre€and€Bizouarn€were€not€able€to€adequately€communicateÐ P Ðeither€with€their€lawyer€or€with€the€examining€magistrate€before€whom€they€were€brought€on€3Ð ð@ ÐSeptember€1988,€one€year€after€their€arrest.€€In€particular,€it€is€alleged€that€the€interpreter€who€hadÐ à0 Ðbeen€designated€to€assist€them€could€only€speak€English,€a€language€that€they€did€not€master.€Ð Ð  ÐFurther,€they€allege€that€their€statements€before€the€examining€magistrate€were€not€only€recordedÐ À! Ðincorrectly€but€deliberately€altered.Ð °"  ÐÌ3.2€According€to€the€author,€Messrs.€€Fillastre€and€Bizouarn€were€held€in€custody€for€ten€daysÐ $à" Ðwithout€being€informed€of€the€charges€against€them;€this€was€apparently€confirmed€by€the€arrestingÐ €%Ð # Ðofficer,€upon€interrogation€by€the€examining€magistrate.€€As€to€the€circumstances€of€the€investigatoryÐ p&À!$ Ðphase€of€the€judicial€proceedings,€the€author€claims€that€several€irregularities€occurred€in€its€course.€Ð `'°"% ÐFurthermore,€the€court€hearing€are€said€to€have€been€postponed€repeatedly€because€either€theirÐ P( #& Ðlawyer€or€the€prosecutor€failed€to€appear€in€court.€€More€generally,€the€author€claims€bias€on€the€partÐ @)$' Ðof€the€judge€and€of€the€judicial€authorities.€€This€is€evidenced€by€the€fact€that€the€Bolivian€authoritiesÐ 0*€%( Ðallowed€Ms.€€Zimmerman€to€leave€Bolivia€without€justification€and€never€sought€her€testimonyÐ  +p&) Ðbefore€the€examining€magistrate,€although€she€had€been€indicted€together€with€them.Ð ,`'* ÐÌ3.3€As€the€conditions€of€detention€at€the€prison€of€San€Pedro,€they€are€said€to€be€inhuman€andÐ ð-@), Ðdegrading.€€In€this€context,€the€author€submits€that,€due€to€the€psychological€distress€as€well€as€theÐ ° Ðconditions€of€detention,€her€husband€has€become€addicted€to€alcohol€and€drugs€and€lost€his€will€toÐ  ð Ðlive.Ð à ÐÌ3.4€Finally,€the€author€claims€that€her€countless€efforts€since€September€1987€to€obtain€her€husbandððsÐ pÀ Ðrelease€have€not€met€with€any€response.€€She€maintains€that,€notwithstanding€the€various€promisesÐ ` ° Ðmade€to€her€by€the€French€authorities,€no€official€attempt€was€made€to€obtain€her€husbandððs€releaseÐ P   Ðor€to€improve€the€conditions€of€his€detention.Ð @  ÐÌòòThe€State€partyððs€observationsóó:Ð  p  ÐÌ4.1€The€State€party€acknowledges€that€criminal€proceedings€are€pending€before€the€magistrate€courtÐ P  Ð(Juzgado€Sexto€de€Partido€en€lo€Penal),€and€adds€that€they€are€approaching€their€final€phase.€€It€notesÐ ð@  Ðthat€the€judge€had€ordered€òòex€officioóó€a€further€investigation€of€the€facts€at€issue.€€Moreover,€delaysÐ à0  Ðin€the€proceedings€are€said€to€be€partly€attributable€to€the€Judgeððs€desire€to€gather€further€evidence,Ð Ð  Ðwhich€would€enable€him€to€render€his€judgment.€€According€to€the€State€party,€however,€the€twoÐ À ÐFrench€citizens€are€likely€to€be€found€guilty€of€the€offences€for€which€they€were€indicted,€inÐ ° Ðparticular€the€kidnapping€(òòdelito€de€secuestroóó)€of€Raphael€Cuiza€Zimmerman.€€It€observes€that€underÐ  ð Ðthe€Bolivian€Penal€Code,€kidnapping€is€punishable€by€imprisonment€of€five€to€six€years.Ð à ÐÌ4.2€Finally,€the€State€party€indicates€that€the€authorððs€husband€and€his€compatriot€are€assisted€by€twoÐ pÀ Ðattorneys,€one€of€whom€is€acting€in€his€private€capacity,€whereas€the€other€was€assigned€to€the€caseÐ `° Ðòòex€officioóó.€€Both€are€said€to€be€working€in€collaboration€with€the€French€Embassy€in€La€Paz.€€ItÐ P  Ðfurther€maintains€that,€while€the€proceedings€in€the€case€are€pending,€the€accused€are€lawfullyÐ @ Ðdetained€at€the€Prison€of€San€Pedro€in€La€Paz.Ð 0€ ÐÌòòThe€issues€before€the€Committeeóó:Ð ` ÐÌ5.1€Before€considering€any€claims€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ ð@ Ðmust,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€rules€of€procedure,€decide€whether€or€not€it€is€admissibleÐ à0 Ðunder€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.Ð Ð  ÐÌ5.2€The€Committee€has€ascertained,€as€it€is€required€to€do€under€article€5,€paragraph€2(a),€of€theÐ °"  ÐOptional€Protocol,€that€the€same€matter€is€not€being€examined€under€another€procedure€ofÐ  #ð! Ðinternational€investigation€or€settlement.Ð $à" ÐÌ5.3€The€Committee€has€noted€the€State€partyððs€observations€and€clarifications€concerning€the€currentÐ p&À!$ Ðstatus€of€the€case€of€Messrs.€€Fillastre€and€Bizouarn€before€the€Bolivian€courts.€€It€observes€that€theyÐ `'°"% Ðare€still€awaiting€the€outcome€of€the€proceedings€instituted€against€them€in€September€1987,€that€is,Ð P( #& Ðmore€than€three€years€after€their€arrest.€€In€the€circumstances€of€the€case,€the€Committee€considersÐ @)$' Ðthat€a€delay€of€over€three€years€for€the€adjudication€of€the€case€at€first€instance,€discountingÐ 0*€%( Ðsubsequent€appeals€if,€as€the€State€party€indicates€is€likely,€they€are€found€guilty€as€charged,€isÐ  +p&) Ðð ðunreasonably€prolongedðð€within€the€meaning€of€article€5,€paragraph€(2)€(b),€of€the€OptionalÐ ,`'* ÐProtocol.€€Moreover,€from€the€information€before€it,€the€Committee€deduces€that€such€delays€as€haveÐ -P(+ Ðbeen€encountered€are€neither€attributable€to€the€alleged€victims,€nor€explained€by€the€complexity€ofÐ ð-@), Ðthe€case.€€Accordingly,€it€concludes€that€the€requirements€of€article€5,€paragraph€(2)€(b),€have€beenÐ ° Ðmet.Ð  ð ÐÌ5.4€The€Committee€considers€that€the€communication€should€be€examined€on€the€merits€as€it€raisesÐ €Ð Ðissues€under€the€Covenant,€as€advanced€in€the€authorððs€claims€(a)€that€Messrs.€€Fillastre€and€BizouarnÐ pÀ Ðwere€not€promptly€informed€of€the€charges€against€them;€(b)€that€they€were€not€promptly€broughtÐ ` ° Ðbefore€a€judge€and€interrogated;€(c)€that€they€were€not€afforded€adequate€facilities€for€the€preparationÐ P   Ðof€their€defence€and€were€unable€to€properly€communicate€with€counsel€assigned€to€them;€(d)€thatÐ @  Ðthey€were€inadequately€represented€during€the€preliminary€investigation;€and€(e)€that€they€are€beingÐ 0 € Ðsubjected€to€inhuman€and€degrading€treatment.Ð  p  ÐÌ6.€€The€Committee€therefore€decides:Ð P  ÐÌà  à(a)€That€the€communication€is€admissible€in€so€far€as€it€may€raise€issues€under€articles€9,Ð à0  Ðparagraphs€2€and€3,€10€paragraph€1,€and€14,€paragraph€3(b),€(c)€and€(d)€of€the€Covenant;Ð Ð  ÐÌà  à(b)€That€in€accordance€with€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€partyÐ ° Ðshall€be€requested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal€to€itÐ  ð Ðof€this€decision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€measures,€if€any,Ð à Ðthat€may€have€been€taken€by€it;Ð €Ð ÐÌà  à(c)€That€any€explanations€or€statements€received€from€the€State€party€shall€be€communicatedÐ `° Ðby€the€Secretary„General€under€rule€93,€paragraph€3,€of€the€Committeeððs€rules€of€procedure,€to€theÐ P  Ðauthor€with€the€request€that€any€comments€that€she€may€wish€to€submit€thereon€should€reach€theÐ @ ÐHuman€Rights€Committee€in€care€of€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights,€United€Nations€Office€at€Geneva,Ð 0€ Ðwithin€six€weeks€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal;Ð  p ÐÌà  à(d)€That€this€decision€shall€be€communicated€to€the€State€party€and€to€the€author.Ð P ÐÌ(Done€in€English,€French,€Russian€and€Spanish,€the€English€text€being€the€original€version)Ð à0 ÐÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ  #ð! Ðòò*óó/€All€persons€handling€this€document€are€requested€to€respect€and€observe€its€confidential€nature.Ð $à" ÐÓjÓÌ