ÿWPCƒ “2`ÛáU?ˆm_Á,YB÷‹М«âW=öŸ¾WS;4à×Ô}QM9ßý¯ò{.Ý.ØÚþâ—Ni갨̧VCÑR+}mî}û–Ó#Le&­{Ò1U>z̸ 0µ„ 0<9 0Yu 0_Î 0i- 0P–Ææ 0ᬠ0( D+µ AMà - 0Æ= #Á UNÄ %M(ND^ FwR4Vj mlô\  `‹&Times New Roman' O. W. v. Jamaica, Communication No. 227/1987 (26 July 1988), U.N. Doc. Supp. No. 40 (A/43/4. Supp. No. 40 (A/43/"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2¼L$££Ý ƒµö!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€Xo?XXXÔÔ€Xo?XXXo?ÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(žµö$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XuoXXXÔÔ€XuoXXXuoÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÙØÙÙØÈÙ0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularXO¤w) K‹k)ê:i¢Ø+00ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒµö!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€Xo?XXXÔÔ€Xo?XXXo?ÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòO.€W.€v.€JamaicaóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€227/1987Ð H˜ ÐÌ26€July€1988Ð  d ÐÌÌADMISSIBILITYó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:óó€O.€W.€[name€deleted]€Ð xÈ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victims€óóThe€author€Ð D”  ÐÌòòState€party€concerned:€óóJamaica€Ð ` ÐÌòòDate€of€communication:€óó2€March€1987€(date€of€initial€letter)€óóÐ Ü, ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committee,€óóestablished€under€article€28€of€the€International€CovenantÐ ŽÞ Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð tÄ ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€26€July€1988,€Ð @ ÐÌòòAdopts€óóthe€following:€Ð  \ ÐÌÌÓ²ÓòòÓ  Óò òDecision€on€admissibilityóó€ó óÐ ¾ ÐÓÜÓÓÓÌÌ1.€The€author€of€the€communication€(initial€letter€dated€2€March€1987€and€a€subsequent€letterÐ p!À  Ðdated€Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô€May€1987)€is€O.€W.,€a€Jamaican€citizen,€awaiting€execution€at€St.€Catherine€DistrictÐ V"¦! ÐPrison€in€Jamaica.€He€claims€to€be€innocent€of€the€crimes€imputed€to€him€and€allegesÐ <#Œ" Ðirregularities€in€the€various€judicial€proceedings€leading€to€his€death€sentence.€Ð "$r# ÐÌ2.1€O.€W.€states€that€in€June€1974€he€was€questioned€by€the€police€in€connection€with€aÐ î%>!% Ðrobbery,€in€the€course€of€which€two€suspects€had€allegedly€killed€a€female€employee€of€anÐ Ô&$"& Ðunnamed€institution.€Although€the€author€explained€to€the€police€officers€that€he€did€notÐ º' #' Ðknow€the€men€in€question€or€anything€about€the€incident€under€investigation,€he€was€takenÐ  (ð#( Ðto€the€scene€of€the€crime,€where€two€witnesses€allegedly€stated€that€he€was€not€one€of€theÐ †)Ö$) Ðmen€they€had€seen.€Nevertheless€O.€W.€was€detained€and€taken€to€the€police€station€forÐ l*¼%* Ðfurther€investigation.€When€he€was€told€to€stand€in€line€for€purposes€of€identification,€heÐ R+¢&+ Ðrequested€the€presence€of€a€lawyer€or€of€a€member€of€his€family,€as€allegedly€provided€inÐ 8,ˆ', ÐJamaican€law,€but€his€request€was€not€granted.€On€14€August€1974,€he€was€Ô_Ôa11egedlyÔ_Ô€tried,Ð -n(- Ðfound€guilty€and€sentenced€to€"indefinite€detention"€for€possession€of€a€firearm.€The€authorÐ ° Ðclaims€that€no€firearm€was€found€in€his€possession€and€none€was€produced€in€court.€Ð –æ ÐÌ2.2€On€25€November€1975,€a€second€trial€took€place€before€the€Home€Circuit€Court.€O.€W.Ð b² Ðdoes€not€specify€the€charges€against€him€in€the€second€trial,€but,€from€the€overall€context€ofÐ H˜ Ðhis€letter,€they€appear€to€have€been€murder€charges€stemming€from€the€robbery€in€June€1974Ð . ~ Ðduring€which€a€woman€was€killed.€As€the€jury€could€not€arrive€at€a€unanimous€verdict,€theÐ  d Ðjudge€ordered€a€new€trial€which€took€place€on€13€July€1976.€After€being€convicted€andÐ ú J Ðsentenced€to€death,€the€author€appealed€to€the€Court€of€Appeal,€which,€on€17€April€1977,Ð à 0 Ðordered€a€new€trial€on€the€grounds€of€"unfair€identification".€The€new€trial€took€place€in€JulyÐ Æ   Ð1978€and€O.€W.€was€again€convicted€and€sentenced€to€death.€His€second€appeal€to€the€CourtÐ ¬ ü  Ðof€Appeal€was€dismissed€in€December€1980.€He€maintains€his€innocence€and€claims€that€theÐ ’â  Ðsole€witness€against€him€was€instructed€by€the€police€to€identify€him€as€one€of€the€suspectsÐ xÈ  Ðand€that€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€exhibits€from€previous€proceedings,€which€were€to€be€used€to€impeach€theÐ ^®  Ðwitness€and€which€were€supposed€to€be€in€the€possession€of€the€court,€could€not€be€found€forÐ D”  Ðhis€trial€in€1978.€O.€W.€did€not€mention€in€his€initial€letter€whether€he€had€filed€a€petition€forÐ *z  Ðleave€to€appeal€to€the€Judicial€Committee€of€the€Privy€Council.€Ð ` ÐÌ3.€By€decision€of€8€April€1987,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€requested€O.€W.,€under€ruleÐ Ü, Ð91€of€the€Committee's€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€to€furnish€clarifications€on€a€numberÐ Â Ðof€issues€relating€to€his€communication€and€transmitted€the€communication€for€informationÐ ¨ø Ðto€the€State€party,€requesting€it,€under€rule€86€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€not€toÐ ŽÞ Ðcarry€out€the€death€sentence€against€the€author€before€the€Committee€had€Ô_ÔhadÔ_Ô€an€opportunityÐ tÄ Ðto€consider€further€the€question€of€the€admissibility€of€the€communication.€By€letter€datedÐ Zª Ð1€May€1987,€the€author€provided€a€number€of€clarifications€and€stated€that€the€JamaicaÐ @ ÐCouncil€for€Human€Rights€had€filed€a€petition€on€his€behalf€for€leave€to€appeal€to€theÐ &v ÐJudicial€Committee€of€the€Privy€Council,€indicating€that€this€appeal,€to€the€best€of€hisÐ  \ Ðknowledge,€was€still€pending.€Ð òB ÐÌ4.€By€a€telegram€dated€23€July€1987€addressed€to€the€Deputy€Prime€Minister€and€MinisterÐ ¾ Ðfor€Foreign€Affairs,€the€Chairman€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee€informed€the€State€partyÐ ¤ô Ðthat€the€consideration€of€the€question€of€admissibility€of€the€communication€would€be€furtherÐ Š Ú Ðdelayed€and€reiterated€the€Committee's€request€that€the€death€sentence€against€O.€W.€shouldÐ p!À  Ðnot€be€carried€out€before€the€Committee€had€Ô_ÔhadÔ_Ô€an€opportunity€to€consider€further€theÐ V"¦! Ðquestion€of€the€admissibility€of€the€communication.€By€a€letter€dated€11€October€1987,€theÐ <#Œ" Ðauthor's€counsel€informed€the€Committee€that€the€Judicial€Committee€of€the€Privy€CouncilÐ "$r# Ðhad€granted€the€author's€petition€for€special€leave€to€appeal€on€8€October€1987€and€wouldÐ %X $ Ðconduct€a€hearing€on€the€merits€of€the€case€at€a€date€to€be€determined.€He€requested€theÐ î%>!% ÐCommittee€to€postpone€consideration€of€the€case€pending€the€outcome€of€the€author's€appealÐ Ô&$"& Ðto€the€Judicial€Committee€of€the€Privy€Council.€Ð º' #' ÐÌ5.1€Before€considering€any€claims€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€RightsÐ †)Ö$) ÐCommittee€must,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€decideÐ l*¼%* Ðwhether€or€not€it€is€admissible€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌ5.2€The€Committee€has€ascertained€as€it€is€required€to€do€under€article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),€ofÐ -n(- Ðthe€Optional€Protocol,€that€the€same€matter€is€not€being€examined€under€another€procedureÐ ° Ðof€international€investigation€or€settlement.€Ð –æ ÐÌ5.3€With€respect€to€the€requirement€of€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies€under€article€5,Ð b² Ðparagraph€2€(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€Committee€has€noted€the€letter€from€theÐ H˜ Ðauthor's€counsel,€dated€11€October€1987,€indicating€that€the€Judicial€Committee€of€the€PrivyÐ . ~ ÐCouncil€granted€the€author's€petition€for€special€leave€to€appeal€and€would€conduct€a€hearingÐ  d Ðon€the€merits€of€the€case€at€a€date€to€be€determined.€It€thus€concludes€that€one€availableÐ ú J Ðremedy€has€not€been€exhausted€by€the€author.€Article€5,€paragraph€2€(b),€however,€precludesÐ à 0 Ðthe€Committee€from€considering€a€communication€prior€to€the€exhaustion€of€all€availableÐ Æ   Ðdomestic€remedies.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ6.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decides:€Ð xÈ  ÐÌ(a)€That€the€communication€is€inadmissable€under€article€5,€paragraph€2€(b),€of€the€OptionalÐ D”  ÐProtocol;€Ð *z  ÐÌ(b)€That,€since€this€decision€may€be€reviewed€under€rule€92,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Committee'sÐ öF Ðprovisional€rules€of€procedure€upon€receipt€of€a€written€request€by€or€on€behalf€of€the€authorÐ Ü, Ðcontaining€information€to€the€effect€that€the€reasons€for€inadmissibility€no€longer€apply,€theÐ Â ÐState€party€shall€be€requested,€taking€into€account€the€spirit€and€purpose€of€rule€86€of€theÐ ¨ø ÐCommittee's€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€not€to€carry€out€the€death€sentence€against€theÐ ŽÞ Ðauthor€before€he€has€had€a€reasonable€time,€after€completing€the€effective€domestic€remediesÐ tÄ Ðavailable€to€him,€to€request€the€Committee€to€review€the€present€decision;€Ð Zª ÐÌ(c)€That€this€decision€shall€be€transmitted€to€the€State€party€and€to€the€author.Ð &v ÐÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÓ0Ó