ÿWPC  ²4±)˜,U×M=ý†ë’'ê¹=<öIæ]Dü‚F׫öš­ÀBí‹þÞM]‰"©[–îûvÈÑw0™’‘˜Ëˆó•?r`›:¢>Ó¦ÉÏ\gX+@Tí1(¸CZõð=˜ò!ù¥úÂpå£s¼7]}Ä–ÈÆ¡`yJûU³Aô>»ß©ƒ¾à7Íy'<¡ìkk^$ƒ7<*œ{½Ø¶Bõ ÉÐ\½“„ AVK{IêD2ÏPFþʯ 5{&»‹Ú ~scþ÷\Aæh{ߞа‚‰fŒ¯u!.5·- Ñž6T霋aV`>HÕùÃ4&-àÃBÕ.Vb¿àP ÖàÊ~7óר"žŠ=uº^´S‡˜‘mR8ŠL íI§¢¶ív‡úþ´k£jCX)_§­°ž|’RBøæ!ôd>x^¬$Éîexø}9­³w‰¨õÀDs3«koUæ«0>E5éÝ—… V3ÿXX{skKƶs*ÃÕœCñg›`=p™!eb u’®eÈã™Ô#ºÁlÎöä(Æ‘‹àX/ôGøš„ZÀ#žœŒ%a õØ.9n(>Ö2U9öÒdY±—šé™î$õlëV3‰ý£N‹I©_ dU>BÌ€ 0nL 0iº 0Y# 0_| 0&ÛU6 %7 = 0ÆM #Á UNÔ Ô M" (& NN ^ P w\ 4` t mv ô\  `‹&Times New Roman' United Nations Human Rights Website - Treaty Bodies Database - Document - Jurisprudence - 4nt - Jurisprudence - "Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   <ÿÿ:Default ParaÔ€ôôôÔÔ€XXXÔ< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô<qyÿÿ:HTML TypewriÔ€ôôôÔÔK€<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔÔS€ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔÔ  Ô<þ6X9`(‹Courier New X#|x(ž…O$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ XhPXX XÔÔ€XhPXX XhPÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÙØÙÙØÈÙ0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularÏ™‡) K‹k)8– ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ …O!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ Xe€XX XÔÔ€Xe€XX Xe€ÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòV.€E.€M.€v.€SpainóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No€467/1991Ð H˜ ÐÌ16€July€1993Ð  d ÐÌÔ_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/48/D/467/1991Ð à 0 ÐÌÌADMISSIBILITYó óÐ ’â  ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€V.€E.€M.€(name€deleted)€Ð D”  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimóó:€The€author€Ð ` ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€Spain€Ð Ü, ÐÌòòDate€of€communicationóó:€27€May€1991€(initial€submission)€óóÐ ¨ø ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€CovenantÐ Zª Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð @ ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€16€July€1993,€Ð  \ ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð Ø( ÐÌÌòòÓ  Óò òDecision€on€admissibilityóóó óÐ Š Ú ÐÓÓÌÌ1.€The€author€of€the€communication€is€V.€E.€M.,€a€Spanish€citizen€born€in€1935,€currentlyÐ <#Œ" Ðresiding€in€Barcelona.€He€claims€to€be€a€victim€of€violations€by€Spain€of€articles€3,€7,€14,Ð "$r# Ðparagraphs€1,€2,€3€(a)€to€(e),€5,€17€and€26€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€PoliticalÐ %X $ ÐRights.€He€is€represented€by€counsel.€The€Optional€Protocol€entered€into€force€for€Spain€onÐ î%>!% Ð25€April€1985.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌòòFacts€as€submittedóó€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ2.1€In€1975,€the€author,€a€former€military€officer,€was€excluded€from€service€in€the€SpanishÐ l*¼%* ÐArmy€by€decision€of€a€special€tribunal€(Tribunal€de€Honor),€which€found€him€guilty€ofÐ R+¢&+ Ðhaving€tolerated€the€alleged€dishonourable€lifestyle€of€his€wife.€According€to€the€Ô_Ôauthor,€theÐ 8,ˆ', Ðcharges€against€him€were€fabricated€and€unsubstantiated,€and€the€tribunal€was€constitutedÐ -n(- Ðfor€reasons€totally€different€from€those€that€led€to€his€discharge€from€the€army.€He€submitsÐ ° Ðthat€the€principal€witness€before€the€Tribunal€committed€perjury,€and€that€letters€attributedÐ –æ Ðto€the€author€which€accused€high„ranking€military€officers€of€corruption€„€letters€of€whichÐ |Ì Ðhe€claims€to€have€no€knowledge€„€were€used€as€evidence€against€him.€Under€article€40,€òòliteraóóÐ b² Ð(a),€of€the€(old)€Code€of€Military€Procedure€(1945),€the€Tribunal's€decision€could€not€beÐ H˜ Ðappealed.€Ð . ~ ÐÌ2.2€In€1985,€the€author€learned€that€the€above€provision€of€the€Code€of€Military€ProcedureÐ ú J Ðhad€been€declared€unconstitutional.€He€therefore€filed€an€application€for€revision€of€theÐ à 0 Ðdecision€of€1975€with€the€Ministry€of€Defence.€This€was€followed€by€an€administrativeÐ Æ   Ðcomplaint€filed€with€an€administrative€tribunal€(òòaudiencia€nacionalóó),€requesting€a€declaratoryÐ ¬ ü  Ðjudgement€to€the€effect€that€the€decision€of€1975€had€been€null€and€void.€He€claimed,€inÐ ’â  Ðparticular,€that€the€proceedings€before€the€Tribunal€de€Honor€had€failed€to€observe€theÐ xÈ  Ðminimum€guarantees€of€the€defence.€Ð ^®  ÐÌ2.3€On€28€June€1988,€the€Military€Chamber€of€the€Supreme€Court€(òòSala€de€lo€Militaróó)Ð *z  Ðdismissed€the€case€on€the€ground€that€the€conditions€of€article€127€of€the€law€governingÐ ` Ðadministrative€procedures€for€the€revision€of€final€(judicial)€decisions€had€not€been€met.€TheÐ öF Ðjudgement€further€held€that€the€author's€appeal€was€inadmissible€because€it€fell€under€theÐ Ü, Ðrelevant€statutes€of€limitations,€since€the€deadline€for€filing€the€appeal€had€begun€to€run€fromÐ Â Ðthe€date€of€entry€into€force€of€the€Constitution€(1978);€two€judges€of€the€Supreme€CourtÐ ¨ø Ðappended€dissenting€opinions€to€the€judgement€of€28€June€1988.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ2.4€The€author€further€appealed€to€the€Constitutional€Tribunal€(òòrecurso€de€amparoóó).€This€wasÐ Zª Ðdeclared€inadmissible€by€decision€(òòautoóó)€of€the€Constitutional€Court€on€23€February€1989.€Ð @ ÐÌ2.5€On€22€April€1989,€the€author€filed€a€complaint€under€article€6€of€the€EuropeanÐ  \ ÐConvention€on€Human€Rights€(guarantee€of€a€fair€trial)€with€the€European€Commission€ofÐ òB ÐHuman€Rights.€On€15€June€1989,€the€Commission€registered€it€as€case€No.€15.124/89.€OnÐ Ø( Ð11€October€1989,€the€case€was€declared€inadmissible€because€the€Commission€held€that€theÐ ¾ Ðguarantee€of€article€6€of€the€Convention€did€not€cover€disputes€about€public€service,€neitherÐ ¤ô Ðthe€question€of€access€to€it€nor€the€dismissal€from€it.€Ð Š Ú ÐÌòòComplaintóó€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ3.€The€author€contends€that€the€facts€described€above€constitute€violations€of€the€followingÐ "$r# Ðprovisions€of€the€Covenant:€Ð %X $ ÐÌ(a)€Article€3,€since€the€State€party€never€guaranteed€the€equal€enjoyment€of€his€or€of€hisÐ Ô&$"& Ðwife's€rights€under€the€Covenant;€Ð º' #' ÐÌ(b)€Article€7,€since€the€fact€of€being€accused€without€so€much€as€the€possibility€of€defendingÐ †)Ö$) Ðhimself€against€the€charges€is€said€to€amount€to€an€attack€on€his€honour€and€to€constituteÐ l*¼%* Ðdegrading€treatment;€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌÔ_Ô(c)€Article€14,€paragraph€1,€since€he€was€never€afforded€equality€before€the€courts,€eitherÐ -n(- Ðbefore€the€Tribunal€de€Honor€or€the€Military€Chamber€of€the€Supreme€Court,€as€neither€ofÐ ° Ðthem€heard€him€publicly€and€allegedly€were€partial€to€the€arguments€of€the€militaryÐ –æ Ðprosecutors;€Ð |Ì ÐÌ(d)€Article€14,€paragraph€2,€since€he€was€deemed€guilty€in€the€absence€of€tangible€proof;€Ð H˜ ÐÌ(e)€Article€14,€paragraph€3€(a)€to€(e),€since€the€minimum€rights€of€the€defence,€such€asÐ  d Ðadequate€time€for€the€preparation€of€his€defence€and€the€right€to€choose€his€own€counsel€orÐ ú J Ðto€call€witnesses,€were€not€respected;€Ð à 0 ÐÌ(f)€Article€14,€paragraph€5,€because€he€was€unable€to€appeal€the€decision€of€the€Tribunal€deÐ ¬ ü  ÐHonor;€Ð ’â  ÐÌ(g)€Article€17,€because€he€suffered€unlawful€attacks€on€his€honour€and€his€reputation€as€aÐ ^®  Ðresult€of€the€very€procedure€before€the€Tribunal€de€Honor€and€the€latter's€decision;€Ð D”  ÐÌ(h)€Article€26€because,€as€the€result€of€unjust€and€partial€judicial€decisions,€he€has€beenÐ ` Ðsubjected€to€discrimination.€Ð öF ÐÌòòState€party's€information€and€observations€and€author's€commentsóó€Ð  ÐÌ4.1€In€its€submission€under€rule€91€of€the€rules€of€procedure,€the€State€party€contends€thatÐ ŽÞ Ðthe€communication€is€inadmissible€under€article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),€of€the€Optional€Protocol,Ð tÄ Ðas€the€same€matter€was€already€examined€and€declared€inadmissible€by€the€EuropeanÐ Zª ÐCommission€of€Human€Rights.€It€recalls€that€upon€ratifying€the€Protocol,€Spain€entered€aÐ @ Ðreservation€in€respect€of€article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),€to€the€effect€"...€that€the€Committee€shallÐ &v Ðnot€consider€any€communication€from€an€individual€unless€it€has€ascertained€that€the€sameÐ  \ Ðmatter€has€not€been€submitted€or€is€not€being€examined€under€another€procedure€ofÐ òB Ðinternational€investigation€or€settlement"€("òò...€que€el€Comit€de€Derechos€Humanos€noÐ Ø( Ðconsiderar€ninguna€comunicacið;ðn€de€un€individuo€a€menos€que€se€haya€cerciorado€de€queÐ ¾ Ðel€mismo€asunto€no€ha€sido€sometido€o€no€lo€est€siendo€a€otro€procedimiento€de€examen€oÐ ¤ô Ðarreglo€internacionalesóó").€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ4.2€In€his€comments,€the€author€concedes€that€his€complaint€to€the€European€CommissionÐ V"¦! Ðof€Human€Rights€was€based€on€the€same€facts€as€his€communication€to€the€Human€RightsÐ <#Œ" ÐCommittee,€but€contends€that€the€European€Commission€never€"examined"€the€matter,€sinceÐ "$r# Ðit€simply€dismissed€the€complaint€as€not€within€the€scope€of€protection€of€the€EuropeanÐ %X $ ÐConvention€on€Human€Rights.€Ð î%>!% ÐÌòòIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€Committeeóó€Ð º' #' ÐÌ5.1€Before€considering€any€claims€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€RightsÐ †)Ö$) ÐCommittee€must,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€rules€of€procedure,€decide€whether€or€notÐ l*¼%* Ðit€is€admissible€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌÔ_Ô5.2€The€Committee€has€taken€note€of€the€parties'€arguments€relating€to€the€applicability€ofÐ -n(- Ðarticle€5,€paragraph€2€(a),€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€It€notes€that€the€Spanish€reservation€onÐ ° Ðarticle€5,€paragraph€2€(a),€precludes€the€examination€of€the€same€matter€if€it€had€beenÐ –æ Ðòòsubmittedóó€to€the€European€Commission.€Notwithstanding€that€the€author's€case€before€theÐ |Ì ÐEuropean€Commission€was€summarily€dismissed€as€inadmissible€under€the€Convention,€itÐ b² Ðhad€none€the€less€been€"submitted"€thereto.€Accordingly,€in€the€light€of€the€SpanishÐ H˜ Ðreservation€to€article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€Committee€is€precludedÐ . ~ Ðfrom€considering€the€communication.€Ð  d ÐÌ6.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decides:€Ð à 0 ÐÌ(a)€That€the€communication€is€inadmissible;€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ(b)€That€this€decision€shall€be€communicated€to€the€State€party€and€the€author€of€theÐ xÈ  Ðcommunication.€Ð ^®  ÐÌÌ[Done€in€English,€French€and€Spanish,€the€English€text€being€the€original€version.]€