ÿWPC3 Ñ›réÂ÷¶=z¾Oþ(C¼j6Î’¥{ðN\Öë?‹ç»å骓tBþ¾¬™# äþÚ9¶³¼½w'Ôª©cô³}I¡/-Gº­öµD‡¬Êü|@À>±Ã!¾£2-XR?¹¬g(äýVŽ,‚ŠjÎÛ QŸI´†ƒÓš,ˆƒg„ÊôÓÐÒi‰8±5[Mìw‘Iƒ'RC%yc«è÷±ŒüMÙN”ooDÆÙE[\'ðºÄ´ :¥Mgn¦^8Ñ×ï]ºŠ"\úÇpõ£»Gùñà?ºîµÞÊ•'åS83Öø¿ÏÔui@è)Œ\4Cš<ÿs[u5ð<8ÙÀšå3[àôÐlŸ Š X ÚÌåΟgIs»õ)Qñ¥,î(Qbëøø±=Q-¢Qër3 mÞíôðƒõO›ÍM÷°UTw“˜U íÈ©üõÎE&òå³³.Z¼št%ª$¬¡§B¿Œ‡tÓ‘gÍj­Nâb}¬Ö'ÝC2gê<“¢M†´¢ 3b¿$n,ÛYL¤j^¬^¯½ìáø53Æ×EÄ Œ–ãgÜÿµŽ//æ)mÂt=šÿ¡þýMo7—QÒ]a·û‚Pn[«Ã)> ®"U>ÜÌ 0µæ 0<› 0Y× 0_0 0i 0PøÆH 0á 0(ï D+ AMB % • 0N¥ 0Æó #Á¹ UNzzMÈ(ÌNô^ öw4 mô\  `‹&Times New Roman' John Khemraadi Baboeram, Andre Kamperveen, Cornelis Harold Riedewald, Gerald Leckie, Harry4 Gerald Leckie, Harry"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2ËR$££Ý ƒ6„!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X-XXXÔÔ€X-XXX-ÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿX#|x(ÍO$——ÔÿÔòòóóÔÿÔ(ž6„$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X:mXXXÔÔ€X:mXXX:mÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman Regular<®ú* Äpì*H½¡LÝ¡Pý¡ ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ6„!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X-XXXÔÔ€X-XXX-ÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ  Óò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔBaboeramÔ_Ô€et€al.€v.€SurinameóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€146/1983€and€148„154/1983ó ó€ò òa/Ð H˜ ÐÌ4€April€1985Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:€óó€Ô_ÔKantaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔBaboeramÔ_Ô„Ô_ÔAdhinÔ_Ô€on€behalf€of€her€deceased€husband,€John€Ô_ÔKhemraadiÔ_ÔÐ xÈ  ÐÔ_ÔBaboeramÔ_Ô€(146/1983);€Johnny€Ô_ÔKamperveenÔ_Ô€on€behalf€of€his€deceased€father,€AndreÐ ^®  ÐÔ_ÔKamperveenÔ_Ô€(148/1983);€Jenny€Ô_ÔJamilaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔRehnumaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔKaramatÔ_Ô€All€on€behalf€of€her€deceasedÐ D”  Ðhusband,€Cornelis€Harold€Ô_ÔRiedewaldÔ_Ô€(149/1983);€Henry€Francois€Ô_ÔLeckieÔ_Ô€on€behalf€of€hisÐ *z  Ðdeceased€brother,€Gerald€Ô_ÔLeckieÔ_Ô€(150/1983);€Ô_ÔVidyaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔSatyavatiÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔOemrawsinghÔ_Ô„Ô_ÔAdhinÔ_Ô€on€behalfÐ ` Ðof€her€deceased€husband,€Harry€Ô_ÔSugrimÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔOemrawsinghÔ_Ô€(151/1983);€Astrid€Ô_ÔSilaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔBhaminiÔ_Ô„DeviÐ öF ÐÔ_ÔSohansinghÔ_Ô„Ô_ÔKanhaiÔ_Ô€on€behalf€of€her€deceased€husband,€Ô_ÔSomradjÔ_Ô€Robby€Ô_ÔSohansinghÔ_ÔÐ Ü, Ð(152/1983);€Rita€Ô_ÔDulciÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔImanuelÔ_Ô„Ô_ÔRahmanÔ_Ô€on€behalf€of€her€deceased€brother,€Lesley€PaulÐ Â ÐÔ_ÔRahmanÔ_Ô€(153/1983);€Irma€Ô_ÔSoeinemÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔHoostÔ_Ô„Ô_ÔBoldwijnÔ_Ô€on€behalf€of€her€deceased€husband,Ð ¨ø ÐEdmund€Alexander€Ô_ÔHoostÔ_Ô€(154/1983)Ð ŽÞ ÐÌòòAlleged€victims:óó€John€Ô_ÔKhemraadiÔ_Ô€òòÔ_ÔBaboeramÔ_Ô,€óóAndre€òòÔ_ÔKamperveenÔ_Ô,€óóCornelis€HaroldÐ Zª ÐòòÔ_ÔRiedewaldÔ_Ô,€óóGerald€òòÔ_ÔLeckieÔ_Ô,€óóHarry€Ô_ÔSugrimÔ_Ô€òòÔ_ÔOemrawsinghÔ_Ô,€óóÔ_ÔSomradjÔ_Ô€Robby€òòÔ_ÔSohansinghÔ_Ô,€óóLesleyÐ @ ÐPaul€òòÔ_ÔRahmanÔ_Ô€óóand€Edmund€Alexander€òòÔ_ÔHoostÔ_Ô.óó€Ð &v ÐÌòòState€party€concerned:€óóSuriname€Ð òB ÐÌòòDate€of€communications:€óó5€July€1983,€31€July€and€4€August€1983€Ð ¾ ÐÐ ÐòòDate€of€decision€on€admissibility:€óó10€April€1984€óóÐ Š Ú ÐÌÌòòThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€Covenant€onÐ <#Œ" ÐCivil€and€Political€Rights:€Ð "$r# ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€4€April€1985,€Ð î%>!% ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communications€Nos.€146/1983€and€148„154/1983Ð º' #' Ðsubmitted€to€the€Committee€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€International€Covenant€onÐ  (ð#( ÐCivil€and€Political€Rights;€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€authors€of€theÐ R+¢&+ Ðcommunications€and€by€the€State€party€concerned;€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- ÐòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð ° ÐÌÌòòò òViews€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€Optional€Protocolóó€ó óÐ b² ÐÌÌòòò òCommunication€No.€146/1983óó€ó óÐ  d ÐÌ1.1€The€author€of€communication€No.€146/1983€(initial€letter€dated€5€July€1983€and€furtherÐ à 0 Ðletters€of€4€November€1983€and€3€January€1985)€is€Ô_ÔKantaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔBaboeramÔ_Ô„Ô_ÔAdhinÔ_Ô,€a€SurinameseÐ Æ   Ðnational,€at€present€residing€in€the€Netherlands.€She€submits€the€communication€on€behalfÐ ¬ ü  Ðof€her€deceased€husband,€John€Ô_ÔKhemraadiÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔBaboeramÔ_Ô,€a€Surinamese€lawyer€who€wasÐ ’â  Ðallegedly€arrested€by€Surinamese€military€authorities€on€8€December€1982€and€whose€corpseÐ xÈ  Ðwas€delivered€to€the€mortuary€on€9€December€1982€showing€signs€of€severe€maltreatmentÐ ^®  Ðand€numerous€bullet€wounds.€Ð D”  ÐÌ1.2€It€is€stated€that€on€8€December€1982€at€around€2€a.m.€a€number€of€persons€in€Paramaribo,Ð ` ÐSuriname,€were€taken€from€their€beds€and€arrested,€including€John€Ô_ÔBaboeramÔ_Ô,€whose€corpseÐ öF Ðalong€with€the€corpses€of€14€other€persons€was€identified€on€10€December€1982€and€wasÐ Ü, Ðdescribed€in€the€"Report€of€the€Dutch€Lawyers€Committee€for€Human€Rights"€(UnitedÐ Â ÐNations€Commission€on€Human€Rights€document€E/CN.4/1983/55,€submitted€by€the€authorÐ ¨ø Ðas€an€annex€to€her€communication)€as€"heavily€and€brutally€maltreated€in€the€face.€He€forÐ ŽÞ Ðinstance€had€a€broken€upper€jaw.€Almost€all€his€teeth,€except€for€one,€on€the€upper€right€handÐ tÄ Ðside,€were€beaten€inwards€and€his€lips€were€pulped.€He€had€a€horizontal€gash€on€hisÐ Zª Ðforehead.€In€addition€he€had€a€bullet€wound€on€the€left€side€of€his€nose,€which€was€laterÐ @ Ðcovered€by€a€plaster.€Further€he€had€wounds,€cuts€on€the€cheeks€and€internal€Ô_ÔhaemorrhagesÔ_Ô."€Ð &v ÐÌ1.3€The€persons€arrested€and€allegedly€killed€were€four€journalists,€four€lawyers,€amongstÐ òB Ðwhom€was€the€Dean€of€the€Bar€Association,€two€professors,€two€businessmen,€two€armyÐ Ø( Ðofficers€and€one€trade€union€leader.€The€names€of€the€victims€are€John€Ô_ÔBaboeramÔ_Ô,€BramÐ ¾ ÐÔ_ÔBehrÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔCyrillÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔDaalÔ_Ô,€Kenneth€Ô_ÔGoncalvesÔ_Ô,€Eddy€Ô_ÔHoostÔ_Ô,€Andre€Ô_ÔKamperveenÔ_Ô,€Gerald€Ô_ÔLeckieÔ_Ô,Ð ¤ô ÐÔ_ÔSugrimÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔOemrawsinghÔ_Ô,€Leslie€Ô_ÔRahmanÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔSoerindreÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔRambocusÔ_Ô,€Harold€Ô_ÔRiedewaldÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔJiwansinghÔ_ÔÐ Š Ú ÐÔ_ÔSheombarÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔJozefÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔSlagveerÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔSomradjÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔSohansinghÔ_Ô€and€Frank€Ô_ÔWinjngaardeÔ_Ô.€The€executions€areÐ p!À  Ðsaid€to€have€taken€place€at€Fort€Ô_ÔZeelandiaÔ_Ô.€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ2.1€The€author€of€the€communication€states€that€she€has€not€submitted€the€matter€to€any€otherÐ "$r# Ðprocedure€of€international€investigation.€Ð %X $ ÐÌ2.2€With€respect€to€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€author€states€that€no€recourseÐ Ô&$"& Ðhas€been€made€to€any€court€in€Suriname€because€"it€became€obvious€from€different€sourcesÐ º' #' Ðthat€the€highest€military€authority€...€was€involved€in€the€killing",€because€the€official€judicialÐ  (ð#( Ðinvestigation€required€in€such€a€case€of€violent€death€had€not€taken€place,€and€"because€ofÐ †)Ö$) Ðthe€atmosphere€of€fear€one€would€find€no€lawyer€prepared€to€[plead]€such€a€case,€consideringÐ l*¼%* Ðthe€fact€that€three€lawyers€have€been€killed,€apparently€because€of€their€concern€with€humanÐ R+¢&+ Ðrights€and€democratic€principles".€The€author€also€refers€to€the€report€of€the€InternationalÐ 8,ˆ', ÐCommission€of€Jurists'€mission€to€Suriname,€dated'€21€March€1983,€which,€òòinter€alia,€óósurveysÐ -n(- Ðthe€situation€in€Suriname€with€respect€to€freedom€of€the€press,€freedom€of€association,Ð ° Ðfreedom€from€arbitrary€arrest,€the€right€to€protection€of€life€and€bodily€integrity€and€the€rightÐ –æ Ðof€recourse€to€effective€legal€remedies.€The€report€confirms€the€author's€contention€that€thereÐ |Ì Ðare€no€effective€legal€remedies.€Ð b² ÐÌ2.3€The€author€claims€that€her€husband€was€a€victim€of€violations€of€articles€6,€7,€9,€10,€14Ð . ~ Ðand€17€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€Ð  d ÐÌ3.€By€its€decision€of€27€July€1983,€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ à 0 Ðtransmitted€communication€No.€146/1983€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedureÐ Æ   Ðto€the€State€party€concerned,€requesting€information€and€observations€relevant€to€theÐ ¬ ü  ÐQuestion€of€admissibility€of€the€communication.€The€Working€Group€also€requested€theÐ ’â  ÐState€party€to€transmit€to€the€Committee€copies€of€the€death€certificate€and€medical€reportÐ xÈ  Ðand€of€a€report€on€whatever€inquiry€has€been€held€in€connection€with€the€death€of€JohnÐ ^®  ÐÔ_ÔKhemraadiÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔBaboeramÔ_Ô.€Ð D”  ÐÌ4.€In€a€submission€dated€5€October€1983,€the€State€party€objected€against€the€admissibilityÐ ` Ðof€communication€No.€146/1983€on€the€ground€that€the€same€matter€had€already€beenÐ öF Ðsubmitted€to€and€was€"being€examined€under€another€procedure€of€international€investigationÐ Ü, Ðor€settlement,"€referring€in€this€connection€to€"investigations€regarding€the€human€rightsÐ Â Ðsituation€in€Suriname€by€international€organizations€dealing€with€human€rights€such€as€theÐ ¨ø ÐInter„American€Commission€on€Human€Rights€and€the€International€Committee€of€the€RedÐ ŽÞ ÐCross".€The€State€party€also€mentioned€that€"the€Special€Rapporteur€on€summary€or€arbitraryÐ tÄ Ðexecutions€of€the€United€Nations€Commission€on€Human€Rights,€Mr.€Amos€Ô_ÔWakoÔ_Ô,"€wouldÐ Zª Ðpay€a€visit€to€Suriname€during€the€week€beginning€31€October€1983.€b/Ð @ ÐÌ5.€In€her€comments€dated€4€November€1983,€the€author€of€communication€No.€146/1983Ð  \ Ðrejected€the€State€party's€contention€that€"the€same€matter"€had€been€submitted€to€anotherÐ òB Ðprocedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement.€She€submitted€that€the€proceduresÐ Ø( Ðmentioned€by€the€Government€of€Suriname€for€the€study€of€the€human€rights€situation€in€thatÐ ¾ Ðcountry€were€not€comparable€with€the€procedure€for€the€examination€of€individual€casesÐ ¤ô Ðunder€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€Ð Š Ú ÐÌòòò òCommunications€Nos.€148€to€154/1983óó€ó óÐ V"¦! ÐÌ6.1€Five€communications€Nos.€148/1983,€149/1983,€150/1983,€151/1983€and€152/1983€datedÐ "$r# Ð31€July€1983€and€two€communications€Nos.€153/1983€and€154/1983€dated€4€August€1983Ð %X $ Ðwere€submitted€by€close€relatives€of€7€of€the€15€persons€allegedly€killed€in€Suriname€on€8/9Ð î%>!% ÐDecember€1982.€All€seven€authors,€at€present€residing€in€the€Netherlands,€allege€that€theÐ Ô&$"& Ðdeceased€were€victims€of€violations€by€the€Government€of€Suriname€of€articles€6,€7,€9,€10,Ð º' #' Ð14,€17€and€19€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€The€facts€of€theseÐ  (ð#( Ðcases€are€similar€to€those€of€communication€No.€146/1983€concerning€John€Ô_ÔKhemraadiÔ_ÔÐ †)Ö$) ÐÔ_ÔBaboeramÔ_Ô.€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ6.2€The€authors€of€these€seven€cases€are€Johnny€Ô_ÔKamperveenÔ_Ô,€on€behalf€of€his€late€father,Ð 8,ˆ', ÐAndre€Ô_ÔKamperveenÔ_Ô,€formerly€a€businessman€in€Paramaribo€(No.€148/1983);€Jenny€Ô_ÔJamilaÔ_ÔÐ -n(- ÐÔ_ÔRehnuma€Karamat€All,€on€behalf€of€her€late€husband€Cornelis€Harold€Riedewald,€formerlyÐ ° Ða€lawyer€in€Paramaribo€(No.€149/1983);€Henry€Francois€Leckie,€on€behalf€of€his€late€brotherÐ –æ ÐGerald€Leckie,€formerly€a€professor€at€the€Faculty€of€Social€Sciences€of€the€University€ofÐ |Ì ÐSuriname€(No.€150/1983);€Vidya€Satyavati€Oemrawsingh„Adhin,€on€behalf€of€her€lateÐ b² Ðhusband€Harry€Sugrim€Oemrawsingh,€formerly€a€professor€at€the€Technical€Faculty€of€theÐ H˜ ÐUniversity€of€Suriname€(No.€151/1983);€Astrid€Sila€Bhamini„Devi€Sohansingh„Kanhai,€onÐ . ~ Ðbehalf€of€her€late€husband€Somradj€Robby€Sohansingh,€formerly€a€businessman€inÐ  d ÐParamaribo€(No.€152/1983);€Rita€Dulci€Imanuel„Rahman,€on€behalf€of€her€late€brotherÐ ú J ÐLesley€Paul€Rahman,€formerly€a€journalist€and€trade€union€leader€from€Aruba,€NetherlandsÐ à 0 ÐAntilles€(No.€153/1983);€and€Irma€Soeinem€Hoost„Boldewijn,€on€behalf€of€her€late€husbandÐ Æ   ÐEdmund€Alexander€Hoost,€formerly€a€lawyer€in€Paramaribo€(No.€154/1983).€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ6.3€Common€to€all€of€these€communications€are€the€following€allegations:€the€allegedÐ xÈ  Ðvictims€were€arrested€at€their€respective€homes€in€the€early€morning€hours€of€8€DecemberÐ ^®  Ð1982;€in€the€evening€of€the€same€day€it€was€declared€by€Surinamese€authorities€that€a€coupÐ D”  Ðattempt€had€been€foiled€and€in€the€evening€of€9€December€1982€it€was€declared€that€aÐ *z  Ðnumber€of€arrested€persons€had€been€killed€during€an€attempt€to€escape;€the€bodies€of€the€15Ð ` Ðpersons€lay€from€10€to€13€December€1982€in€the€mortuary€of€the€Academic€Hospital€andÐ öF Ðwere€seen€by€family€members€and€other€persons;€the€bodies€showed€numerous€wounds,Ð Ü, Ðapparently€inflicted€from€the€front€side.€Neither€autopsies€nor€official€investigations€of€theÐ Â Ðkillings€have€taken€place.€The€relevant€facts€are€also€described€in€United€NationsÐ ¨ø ÐCommission€on€Human€Rights€document€E/CN.4/1983/55,€which€some€of€the€authorsÐ ŽÞ Ðincorporate€by€reference.€Ð tÄ ÐÌ6.4€A€summary€of€the€specific€allegations€in€the€individual€cases€follows:€Ð @ ÐÌòòAndre€Kamperveen€óówas€allegedly€subjected€to€violence€upon€his€arrest.€Much€damage€wasÐ  \ Ðdone€to€his€house€through€fire€arms€and€handgrenades;€his€radio€station€ABC€was€burnedÐ òB Ðdown.€His€body€reportedly€showed€injuries€to€the€jaw€and€a€swollen€face,€18€bullet€woundsÐ Ø( Ðin€the€chest,€a€shot€wound€in€the€right€temple,€a€fractured€femur€and€a€fractured€arm.€Ð ¾ ÐÌòòCornelis€Harold€Riedewald€óówas€arrested€by€military€police€who€allegedly€did€not€show€aÐ Š Ú Ðwarrant.€His€body€showed€a€bullet€wound€through€the€right€temple,€severe€injuries€on€the€leftÐ p!À  Ðside€of€the€neck€and€numerous€bullet€wounds€in€the€chest.€Ð V"¦! ÐÌòòGerald€Leckie€óówas€arrested€by€military€police€who€allegedly€did€not€show€a€warrant.€HisÐ "$r# Ðbody€had€internal€haemorrhages€in€the€face€and€bullet€holes€in€the€chest.€Ð %X $ ÐÌòòHarry€Sugrim€Oemrawsingh€óówas€arrested€by€military€police€who€allegedly€did€not€show€aÐ Ô&$"& Ðwarrant.€His€body€had€a€wound€in€the€right€cheek€and€a€bigger€wound€on€the€left€temple.€Ð º' #' ÐÌòòSomradj€Robby€Sohansingh€óóhad€already€been€detained€seven€months€and€allegedly€subjectedÐ †)Ö$) Ðto€mistreatment,€but€had€been€released€pending€trial€for€his€alleged€participation€in€the€coupÐ l*¼%* Ðattempt€of€13€March€1982.€He€was€rearrested€by€military€police€on€8€December€1982.€HisÐ R+¢&+ Ðbody€had€wounds€on€the€face,€his€teeth€were€beaten€inwards€and€one€of€his€cheekbones€wasÐ 8,ˆ', Ðfractured.€He€had€six€bullet€wounds€in€the€chest€and€abdominal€area.€Ð -n(- ЇòòLesley€Paul€Rahman€óówas€arrested€by€military€police€who€allegedly€did€not€show€a€warrant.Ð ° ÐHis€body€had€lumps€on€the€forehead€and€parts€of€the€skin€of€the€upper€thigh€were€torn€off.€Ð –æ ÐÌòòEdmund€Alexander€Hoost€óówas€arrested€by€military€police€who€allegedly€did€not€show€aÐ b² Ðwarrant.€His€body€had€several€bullet€wounds€which€had€entered€the€body€from€the€front€side.€Ð H˜ ÐÌ6.5€The€authors€of€the€seven€communications€state€that€they€have€not€submitted€the€sameÐ  d Ðmatter€to€any€other€procedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement.€Ð ú J ÐÌ6.6€With€respect€to€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€authors€explain€in€an€annexÐ Æ   Ðcommon€to€all€seven€communications€that€no€recourse€has€been€made€to€any€court€inÐ ¬ ü  ÐSuriname€because,€òòinter€alia:óó€Ð ’â  ÐÌ"1.€The€highest€military€and€civilian€authorities€were€involved€in€planning€and€carrying€outÐ ^®  Ðthe€murders.€2.€Taking€into€account€the€general€atmosphere€of€fear€and€the€fact€that€threeÐ D”  Ðlawyers€were€killed€apparently€because€of€their€involvement€in€defending€opponents€of€theÐ *z  Ðregime€one€would€find€no€lawyer€prepared€to€defend€such€a€case.€3.€From€official€side€thereÐ ` Ðwas€neither€an€autopsy,€nor€an€investigation€of€the€death€of€the€15€victims€as€is€required€inÐ öF Ðsuch€a€case€of€violent€death€..."€Ð Ü, ÐÌ7.€By€decisions€of€20€October€1983,€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ ¨ø Ðtransmitted€communications€Nos.€148/1983€to€154/1983€to€the€State€party€concerned€underÐ ŽÞ Ðrule€91€of€the€Committee's€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€requesting€information€andÐ tÄ Ðobservations€relevant€to€the€question€of€admissibility€of€the€communications.€The€WorkingÐ Zª ÐGroup€also€requested€the€State€party€to€provide€the€Committee€with€copies€of€the€deathÐ @ Ðcertificates€and€medical€reports€and€reports€of€whatever€inquiry€has€been€held€in€connectionÐ &v Ðwith€the€death€of€the€alleged€victims.€Ð  \ ÐÌ8.€In€a€submission€dated€6€April€1984€the€State€party€objected€against€the€admissibility€ofÐ Ø( Ðcommunications€Nos.€148/1983€to€154/1983€on€the€grounds€already€set€out€in€its€submissionÐ ¾ Ðof€5€October€1983€in€respect€of€communication€No.€146/1983€(see€para.€4€above),€namely,Ð ¤ô Ðthat€the€matter€had€already€been€submitted€to€and€is€"being€examined€under€anotherÐ Š Ú Ðprocedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement"€The€State€party€added€the€following:€Ð p!À  ÐÌ"In€this€regard,€the€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Suriname€wishes€to€refer€once€more€toÐ <#Œ" Ðinvestigations€regarding€the€human€rights€situation€in€Suriname€by€internationalÐ "$r# Ðorganizations€dealing€with€human€rights,€such€as€the€Inter„American€Commission€on€HumanÐ %X $ ÐRights€of€the€Organization€of€American€States,€the€International€Committee€of€the€RedÐ î%>!% ÐCross,€the€International€Labour€Organisation,€the€International€Commission€of€Jurists,Ð Ô&$"& ÐAmnesty€International,€as€well€as€the€proposed€visit€to€Suriname€of€the€United€NationsÐ º' #' ÐSpecial€Rapporteur€on€summary€or€arbitrary€executions€....€"€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ9.1€With€respect€to€the€admissibility€of€the€communications€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ l*¼%* Ðobserved€firstly€that€a€study€by€an€intergovernmental€organization€either€of€the€human€rightsÐ R+¢&+ Ðsituation€in€a€given€country€(such€as€that€by€IACHR€in€respect€of€Suriname)€or€a€study€of€theÐ 8,ˆ', Ðtrade€union€rights€situation€in€a€given€country€(such€as€the€issues€examined€by€theÐ -n(- ÐCommittee€on€Freedom€of€Association€of€the€ILO€in€respect€of€Suriname),€or€of€a€humanÐ ° Ðrights€problem€of€a€more€global€character€(such€as€that€of€the€Special€Rapporteur€of€theÐ –æ ÐCommission€on€Human€Rights€on€summary€or€arbitrary€executions),€although€such€studiesÐ |Ì Ðmight€refer€to€or€draw€on€information€concerning€individuals,€cannot€be€seen€as€being€theÐ b² Ðsame€matter€as€the€examination€of€individual€cases€within€the€meaning€of€article€5,Ð H˜ Ðparagraph€2€(a),€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Secondly,€a€procedure€established€by€non„Ð . ~ Ðgovernmental€organizations€(such€as€Amnesty€International,€the€International€CommissionÐ  d Ðof€Jurists€or€the€ICRC,€irrespective€of€the€latter's€standing€in€international€law)€does€notÐ ú J Ðconstitute€a€procedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement€within€the€meaning€ofÐ à 0 Ðarticle€5,€paragraph€2€(a)€,€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Thirdly,€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ Æ   Ðascertained€that,€although€the€individual€cases€of€the€alleged€victims€had€been€submitted€toÐ ¬ ü  ÐIACHR€(by€an€unrelated€third€party)€and€registered€before€that€body,€collectively,€as€caseÐ ’â  ÐNo.€9015,€that€case€was€no€longer€under€consideration.€Accordingly,€the€Human€RightsÐ xÈ  ÐCommittee€concluded€that€it€was€not€barred€by€the€provisions€of€article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),Ð ^®  Ðof€the€Optional€Protocol€from€considering€the€communications.€Ð D”  ÐÌ9.2€With€regard€to€article€5,€paragraph€2€(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€Committee€notedÐ ` Ðthat€the€State€party€did€not€challenge€the€author's€contention€that€there€were€no€effectiveÐ öF Ðlegal€remedies€to€exhaust.€The€Committee€r.ecalled€that€it€had€already€established€inÐ Ü, Ðnumerous€other€cases€that€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies€could€be€required€only€to€theÐ Â Ðextent€that€these€remedies€were€effective€and€available€within€the€meaning€of€article€5,Ð ¨ø Ðparagraph€2€(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Accordingly,€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ ŽÞ Ðconcluded€that€it€was€not€barred€by€the€provisions€of€article€5,€paragraph€2€(b),€of€theÐ tÄ ÐOptional€Protocol€from€considering€the€communications.€Ð Zª ÐÌ10.1€On€10€April€1984,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€òòdecided:óó€Ð &v ÐÌà0 4 à1.€That€the€communications€were€admissible;€ÐòB4ü!4ü! Ðà0 4 àÐ 4ü!4ü! Ðà0 4 à2.€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€StateÐ ¾ Ðparty€be€requested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€,months€of€the€date€of€theÐ ¤ô Ðtransmittal€to€it€of€this€decision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€theÐ Š Ú Ðmatter€and€the€remedy,€if€any,€that€may€have€been€taken€by€it.€These€should€includeÐ p!À  Ðcopies€of€the€death€certificates€and€medical€reports€and€of€reports€of€whateverÐ V"¦! Ðinquiry€has€been€held€in€connection€with€the€death€of€John€Khemraadi€Baboeram,Ð <#Œ" ÐAndre€Kamperveen,€Cornelis€Harold€Riedewald,€Gerald€Leckie,€Harry€SugrimÐ "$r# ÐOemrawsingh,€Somradj€Robby€Sohansingh,€Lesley€Paul€Rahman€and€EdmundÐ %X $ ÐAlexander€Hoost.€Ðî%>!%4ü!4ü! ÐÌ10.2€The€Committee€also€decided,€pursuant€to€rule€88€(2)€of€its€provisional€rules€ofÐ º' #' Ðprocedure,€to€deal€jointly€with€all€eight€communications,€i.e.€communications€Nos.€146/1983Ð  (ð#( Ðand€148/1983€to€154/1983.€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ11.1€In€response€to€the€Committee's€request€for€explanations€or€statements€in€accordanceÐ R+¢&+ Ðwith€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol€the€State€party€submitted€a€note,€datedÐ 8,ˆ', Ð12€November€1984,€a€death€certificate,€issued€by€the€medical€staff€of€the€University€HospitalÐ -n(- Ðin€Suriname€on€25€October€1984,€and€a€copy€of€Suriname's€observations€dated€SeptemberÐ ° Ð1983,€on€a€report€prepared€by€the€Inter„American€Commission€on€Human€Rights€on€theÐ –æ Ðhuman€rights€situation€in€Suriname,€following€an€IACHR€visit€to€Suriname€from€20€to€24Ð |Ì ÐJune€1983.€Ð b² ÐÌ11.2€In€its€note€of€12€November€1984,€the€State€party€indicates€that€the€investigation€of€theÐ . ~ ÐSpecial€Rapporteur€on€summary€or€arbitrary€executions,€Mr.€Amos€Wako,€temporarilyÐ  d Ðdeferred€in€1983,€was€finalized€during€the€period€of€17€to€21€July€1984.€"[T]his€importantÐ ú J Ðinvestigation€concentrated€on€the€unfortunate€occurrences€of€8€and€9€December€1982,€theÐ à 0 Ðcauses€of€these€occurrences,€the€plans€to€promote€democratization€of€the€Surinamese€society,Ð Æ   Ðas€well€as€the€maintenance€of€the€constitutional€state€in€our€society€and€the€measures€takenÐ ¬ ü  Ðto€prevent€a€repetition€of€the€occurrences€referred€to€before."€c/€Ð ’â  ÐÌ11.3€In€the€relevant€parts€of€Suriname's€observations€on€the€IACHR€report€the€State€partyÐ ^®  Ðnotes:€Ð D”  ÐÌ"The€right€to€life€is€only€being€discussed€in€connection€with€the€death€of€15€persons€early€inÐ ` ÐDecember€1982,€whereas€this€right€comprises€much€more.€The€Surinamese€authoritiesÐ öF Ðdeeply€regret€the€death€of€these€persons€not€because€they€are€said€to€be€of€'National€Stature'Ð Ü, Ðbut€because€they€were€citizens€of€this€country€...€Ð  ÐÌ"It€is€regretted€that€the€IACHR€hardly€pays€any€attention€to€the€information€supplied€on€theÐ ŽÞ ÐSurinamese€side€concerning€the€developments€of€Suriname€regarding€the€occurrences€ofÐ tÄ Ðearly€December€1982.€Beforehand,€the€reply€of€the€Surinamese€authorities€seems€to€beÐ Zª Ðregarded€as€of€no€importance,€whereas€great€value€is€attached€to€information€of€theÐ @ Ð'responsible€sources'€...€Ð &v ÐÌ"Again€and€again€the€oppositional€view€is€being€given€which€leads€to€the€Committee'sÐ òB Ðconclusion€that€15€prominent€Surinamese€citizens€have€been€eliminated€because€they€led€aÐ Ø( Ðcritical€movement€for€the€return€to€democracy.€Nowhere€is€the€analysis€objectively€andÐ ¾ Ðsystematically€entertained€which€has€been€expressed€in€official€talks,€about€the€part€whichÐ ¤ô Ðthe€deceased€played€in€the€planning€of€the€overthrow€of€the€legal€authority.€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ"See€...€the€intensified€continuation€of€these€attempts€with€mercenaries€after€8€DecemberÐ V"¦! Ð1982€as€well€as€the€CIA€disclosures€about€this€matter.'€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌ12.1€On€3€January€1985,€the€author€of€communication€No.€146/1983,€Kanta€Baboeram„Ð %X $ ÐAdhin€submitted€her€comments€on€the€State€party's€submission€under€article€4,€paragraphÐ î%>!% Ð2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Identical€comments€were€submitted€by€the€author€ofÐ Ô&$"& Ðcommunication€No.€151/1983,€Vidya€S.€Oemrawsingh„Adhin,€on€5€January€1985.€Ð º' #' ÐÌ12.2€In€their€Comments€the€authors€claim€that€the€State€party€has€failed€to€clarify€the€mattersÐ †)Ö$) Ðplaced€before€the€Human€Rights€Committee€by€the€authors€and€that€no€information€has€beenÐ l*¼%* Ðgiven€about€measures€taken€to€remedy€the€alleged€violations.€The€authors€further€point€outÐ R+¢&+ Ðthat€the€official€version€of€the€killings€had€maintained€that€the€victims€had€been€shot€whileÐ 8,ˆ', Ðtrying€to€escape.€However,€"in€a€recent€interview€with€a€well„known€Dutch€MagazineÐ -n(- Ð'Elsevier'€the€military€leader,€also€the€highest€authority€in€Suriname,€admits€that€the€victimsÐ ° Ðwere€executed€and€that€it€was€a€matter€of€'their€lives€or€ours'€and€that€'we€killed€them€firstÐ –æ Ðbefore€they€could€kill€us"'.€Ð |Ì ÐÌ13.1€The€Human€Rights€Committee€has€considered€the€present€communications€in€the€lightÐ H˜ Ðof€all€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€parties,€as€provided€in€article€5,€paragraph€1,Ð . ~ Ðof€the€Optional€Protocol.€The€Committee€bases€its€views€on€the€following€facts,€which€areÐ  d Ðnot€in€dispute€or€which€are€unrefuted€by€the€State€party.€Ð ú J ÐÌ13.1€In€the€early€hours€of€8€December€1982,€15€prominent€persons€in€Paramaribo,€Suriname,Ð Æ   Ðincluding€journalists,€lawyers,€professors€and€businessmen,€were€arrested€in€their€respectiveÐ ¬ ü  Ðhomes€by€Surinamese€military€police€and€subjected€to€violence.€The€bodies€of€these€15Ð ’â  Ðpersons,€among€them€eight€persons€whose€close€relatives€are€the€authors€of€the€presentÐ xÈ  Ðcommunications,€were€delivered€to€the€mortuary€of€the€Academic€Hospital,€following€anÐ ^®  Ðannouncement€by€Surinamese€authorities€that€a€coup€attempt€had€been€foiled€and€that€aÐ D”  Ðnumber€of€arrested€persons€had€been€killed€while€trying€to€escape.€The€bodies€were€seen€byÐ *z  Ðfamily€members€and€other€persons€who€have€testified€that€they€showed€numerous€wounds.Ð ` ÐNeither€autopsies€nor€official€investigations€of€the€killings€have€taken€place.€Ð öF ÐÌ14.1€In€formulating€its€views,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€also€takes€into€account€theÐ Â Ðfollowing€considerations,€which€reflect€a€failure€by€the€State€party€to€furnish€the€informationÐ ¨ø Ðand€clarifications€requested€by€the€Committee.€The€Committee€notes€that€the€deathÐ ŽÞ Ðcertificate€submitted€by€the€State€party€is€dated€nearly€two€years€after€the€killings€and€doesÐ tÄ Ðnot€indicate€whether€the€medical€doctors€who€signed€the€certificate€had€carried€out€anyÐ Zª Ðautopsies€or€whether€they€had€actually€seen€the€bodies.€The€death€certificate€merely€confirmsÐ @ Ðthat€"on€9€December€1982€the€following€persons€died,€probably€as€a€result€of€gunshotÐ &v Ðwounds€...".€Ð  \ ÐÌ14.2€In€operative€paragraph€2€of€its€decision€on€admissibility€of€10€April€1984,€theÐ Ø( ÐCommittee€requested€the€State€party€to€forward€copies€of€medical€reports€and€of€reports€ofÐ ¾ Ðwhatever€inquiry€has€been€held€in€connection€with€the€deaths€of€the€eight€named€victims.€NoÐ ¤ô Ðsuch€reports€have€been€received€by€the€Committee.€In€this€connection,€the€CommitteeÐ Š Ú Ðstresses,€as€it€has€done€in€a€number€of€other€cases€(e.g.€Nos.€30/1978,€84/1981)€that€it€isÐ p!À  Ðimplicit€in€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€that€the€State€party€has€the€duty€toÐ V"¦! Ðinvestigate€in€good€faith€all€allegations€of€violation€of€the€Covenant€made€against€it€and€itsÐ <#Œ" Ðauthorities€and€to€furnish€to€the€Committee€the€information€available€to€it.€In€cases€whereÐ "$r# Ðthe€allegations€are€corroborated€by€evidence€submitted€by€the€authors€and€where€furtherÐ %X $ Ðclarification€of€the€cases€depends€on€information€exclusively€in€the€hands€of€the€State€party,Ð î%>!% Ðthe€Committee€may€consider€the€authors'€allegations€as€substantiated€in€the€absence€ofÐ Ô&$"& Ðsatisfactory€evidence€and€explanations€to€the€contrary€submitted€by€the€State€party.€Ð º' #' ÐÌ14.3€Article€6€(1)€of€the€Covenant€provides:€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ"Every€human€being€has€the€inherent€right€to€life.€This€right€shall€be€protected€by€law.€NoÐ R+¢&+ Ðone€shall€be€arbitrarily€deprived€of€his€life."€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- ÐThe€right€enshrined€in€this€article€is€the€supreme€right€of€the€human€being.€It€follows€that€theÐ ° Ðdeprivation€of€life€by€the€authorities€of€the€State€is€a€matter€of€the€utmost€gravity.€ThisÐ –æ Ðfollows€from€the€article€as€a€whole€and€in€particular€is€the€reason€why€paragraph€2€of€theÐ |Ì Ðarticle€lays€down€that€the€death€penalty€may€be€imposed€only€for€the€most€serious€crimes.Ð b² ÐThe€requirements€that€the€right€shall€be€protected€by€law€and€that€no€one€shall€be€arbitrarilyÐ H˜ Ðdeprived€of€his€life€mean€that€the€law€must€strictly€control€and€limit€the€circumstances€inÐ . ~ Ðwhich€a€person€may€be€deprived€of€his€life€by€the€authorities€of€a€State.€In€the€present€caseÐ  d Ðit€is€evident€from€the€fact€that€15€prominent€persons€lost€their€lives€as€a€result€of€theÐ ú J Ðdeliberate€action€of€the€military€police€that€the€deprivation€of€life€was€intentional.€The€StateÐ à 0 Ðparty€has€failed€to€submit€any€evidence€proving€that€these€persons€were€shot€while€trying€toÐ Æ   Ðescape.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ15.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€OptionalÐ xÈ  ÐProtocol€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€theÐ ^®  Ðvictims€were€arbitrarily€deprived€of€their€lives€contrary€to€article€6€(1)€of€the€InternationalÐ D”  ÐCovenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€In€the€circumstances,€the€Committee€does€not€findÐ *z  Ðit€necessary€to€consider€assertions€that€other€provisions€of€the€Covenant€were€violated.€Ð ` ÐÌ16.€The€Committee€therefore€urges€the€State€party€to€take€effective€steps€(i)€to€investigateÐ Ü, Ðthe€killings€of€December€1982;€(ii)€to€bring€to€justice€any€persons€found€to€be€responsibleÐ Â Ðfor€the€death€of€the€victims)€(iii)€to€pay€compensation€to€the€surviving€families;€and€(iv)€toÐ ¨ø Ðensure€that€the€right€to€life€is€duly€protected€in€Suriname.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌÌòòNotesóó€Ð @ ÐÌa/€€€Pursuant€to€rule€85€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€Mr.€S.€Amos€Wako€did€notÐ  \ Ðparticipate€in€the€adoption€of€the€views€of€the€Committee€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€theÐ òB ÐOptional€Protocol€on€this€matter.€Ð Ø( ÐÌb/€€€The€visit€subsequently€took€place€between€22€and€27€July€1984.€Ð ¤ô ÐÌc/€€€The€report€of€the€Special€Rapporteur€of€the€Commission€on€Human€Rights€on€summaryÐ p!À  Ðor€arbitrary€executions€was€submitted€to€the€forty„first€session€of€the€Commission€(documentÐ V"¦! ÐE/CN.4/1985/17).€Annex€5€to€the€report€deals€with€the€Special€Rapporteur's€visit€toÐ <#Œ" ÐSuriname.