ÿWPC5 wgktxíÚwÞŸå\ÅÂfi‰Qgâ슗OžÝŒ&Šõî‰_C1¼Öx¾3îÍgÓ`™…\ _î?¾‚½ä}Ò0j!ǧS¡–Jár¯ïô€5A3P”—7Å„\q±»nÔ•¸iN%Uµò-ñ[Éð¯G91éÖÊàÊ5èœ×‘Ç&,m☖ærÜ•NH_Êqþ¡‰Ü@·„¬ÜŒîV+\è› ÍÊÕëÞs*wÑÓÿ:øw”ãL¿v„rbÖTÃìAdg(ÿ¸to-‚“¿õ\„3 Q"CLÓdu„à ïâ_òKøI"SÈ"0ìãë»Z÷¢ý¶K$¹³3p­tç(ým‡Š‹É]C¹å=­¤^Çý\Jžû€©‚»Ÿ2kg·„=Z1¦Y=äàæÎ'ŽnDÒ–ذ 4NkžIMè€EÎqâ ¿b» —L ǸGˆGNÊÙòQ4Õã× šÒJ©w÷[TØÅÙû7 _ž(È’ç±ËßæÌ=àž>uº1]ò`nžÎ¤ãîK_<7¼ëŽÂòdLÂ^–ØtL#TâŽÊ•š&´jTÆÉÍ.tsÎ& ®1‚¦Æ’ ‹r?€V˜XÚiŽŠP­ÄÁöÁ Œ #ÁšUN[ %© 0:¯^ éwõ4ù  m˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ôü¢ó* Äpì*´qŸ3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€v.€BoliviaóóÐ à ÐÌCommunication€No.€336/1988Ð pÀ ÐÌ5€November€1991Ð P   ÐÌÔ_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/43/D/336/1988*Ð 0 € ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ P  ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€Nicole€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€(victim's€wife)Ð Ð  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimsóó:€Ô_ÔAndrÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€and€Pierre€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_ÔÐ ° ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€BoliviaÐ à ÐÌòòDate€of€communicationóó:€27€September€1988€(date€of€initial€submission)óóÐ pÀ ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€Covenant€on€CivilÐ @ Ðand€Political€Rights,Ð 0€ ÐÌòòHaving€consideredóó€communication€No.€336/1988,€submitted€to€the€Committee€for€considerationÐ ` Ðunder€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant€by€Mrs.€Nicole€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€on€behalf€of€her€husband,€Mr.Ð P ÐÔ_ÔAndrÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô,€and€on€behalf€of€Mr.€Pierre€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô,Ð ð@ ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€5€November€1991,Ð Ð  ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:Ð °"  ÐÌÌÓ^Óòòò òÓ  ÓViews€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóóÐ €%Ð # ÐÓCÓÓÓÌÌòòThe€facts€as€presented€by€the€authoróó:Ð P( #& ÐÌl.€The€author€of€the€communication€(initial€submission€dated€27€September€1988€and€subsequentÐ 0*€%( Ðcorrespondence)€is€Nicole€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô,€a€French€citizen€residing€in€Le€Havre,€France.€She€submits€theÐ  +p&) Ðcommunication€on€behalf€of€her€husband,€Ô_ÔAndrÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô,€a€French€citizen€and€private€detective€byÐ ,`'* Ðprofession,€currently€detained€at€the€prison€of€San€Pedro€in€La€Paz,€Bolivia,€together€with€anotherÐ -P(+ Ðprivate€detective,€Pierre€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô.€By€letter€dated€25€May€1989,€Mr.€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€authorized€Mrs.Ð ð-@), ÐÔ_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€to€act€on€his€behalf.Ð ° ÐÌ2.1€The€author€states€that€on€26€August€1987,€Ô_ÔAndrÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€and€Pierre€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€travelled€to€LaÐ à ÐPaz€accompanied€by€Ms.€Ô_ÔSilkeÔ_Ô€Zimmerman,€a€German€citizen€then€residing€in€France.€Ô_ÔAndrÔ_ÔÐ €Ð ÐÔ_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€was€travelling€in€his€capacity€as€a€private€detective€on€behalf€of€Ms.€Zimmerman,€who€hadÐ pÀ Ðrequested€his€services€in€order€to€find€and€repatriate€her€Ô_ÔfouryearÔ_Ô€old€son,€Raphael€Ô_ÔCuizaÔ_ÔÐ ` ° ÐZimmerman,€living€in€Bolivia.€Her€son€had€allegedly€been€taken€away€from€his€mother€by€hisÐ P   ÐBolivian€father,€Jorge€Ô_ÔCuizaÔ_Ô,€and€flown€to€Bolivia.Ð @  ÐÌ2.2€On€3€September€l987,€Ô_ÔAndrÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€and€Ms.€Zimmerman€were€arrested€by€theÐ  p  ÐBolivian€police,€after€a€complaint€had€been€filed€by€the€child's€father,€who€claimed€that€they€hadÐ `  Ðmanipulated€their€way€into€his€home€and€started€a€brawl€in€which€he€was€injured.€The€two€detectivesÐ P  Ðallegedly€had€abducted€the€child€and€left€the€home,€together€with€the€mother.€Criminal€proceedingsÐ ð@  Ðwere€instituted€against€them.€On€l2€September€l987,€the€examining€magistrate€indicted€the€accusedÐ à0  Ðon€three€grounds:€(a)€kidnapping€of€a€minor€(Ô_ÔsecuestroÔ_Ô€y€Ô_ÔraptoÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔpropioÔ_Ô),€punishable€under€article€313Ð Ð  Ðof€the€Bolivian€Penal€Code;€(b)€unauthorized€entry€into€a€home€(Ô_ÔallanamientoÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔdomicilioÔ_Ô€o€susÐ À ÐÔ_ÔdependenciasÔ_Ô;€article€298€of€the€Bolivian€Penal€Code),€and€(c)€causing€grievous€bodily€harmÐ ° Ð(Ô_ÔlesionesÔ_Ô€graves€y€Ô_ÔlevesÔ_Ô;€article€271€of€the€Bolivian€Penal€Code).€Allegedly,€he€did€so€without€havingÐ  ð Ðinterrogated€the€accused.€Nevertheless,€Ms.€Zimmerman€was€released€a€few€days€later,€apparentlyÐ à Ðwithout€plausible€explanations.€Messrs.€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô,€however,€were€placed€underÐ €Ð Ðdetention€and€imprisoned€at€the€prison€of€San€Pedro€in€La€Paz,€where€they€continue€to€be€held.Ð pÀ ÐÌ2.3€With€regard€to€the€requirement€of€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€author€states€that€theÐ P  Ðjudicial€proceedings€against€her€husband€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€have€been€pending€before€the€court€ofÐ @ Ðfirst€instance€since€12€September€1987.€In€this€context,€she€indicates€that,€on€12€June€1990,€the€judgeÐ 0€ Ðwas€expected€to€render€his€decision€in€the€case€but€that,€since€the€legal€aid€attorney€assigned€to€herÐ  p Ðhusband€did€not€appear€in€court,€he€decided€to€further€postpone€the€hearing.Ð ` ÐÌòòThe€complaintóó:Ð ð@ ÐÌ3.1€It€is€submitted€that€Messrs.€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€were€not€able€to€adequately€communicateÐ Ð  Ðeither€with€their€lawyer€or€with€the€examining€magistrate,€before€whom€they€were€brought€on€3Ð À! ÐSeptember€1988,€one€year€after€their€arrest.€In€particular,€it€is€alleged€that€the€interpreter€who€hadÐ °"  Ðbeen€designated€to€assist€them€could€only€speak€English,€a€language€they€did€not€master.€Further,Ð  #ð! Ðthey€allege€that€their€statements€before€the€examining€magistrate€were€not€only€recorded€incorrectlyÐ $à" Ðbut€deliberately€altered.Ð €%Ð # ÐÌ3.2€It€is€submitted€that€Messrs.€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€were€held€in€custody€for€ten€days€withoutÐ `'°"% Ðbeing€informed€of€the€charges€against€them;€this€was€reportedly€confirmed€by€the€arresting€officer,Ð P( #& Ðupon€interrogation€by€the€examining€magistrate.€As€to€the€circumstances€of€the€investigatory€phaseÐ @)$' Ðof€the€judicial€proceedings,€the€author€claims€that€several€irregularities€occurred€in€their€course.Ð 0*€%( ÐFurthermore,€the€court€hearings€allegedly€were€postponed€repeatedly€because€either€the€legal€aidÐ  +p&) Ðattorney€or€the€prosecutor€failed€to€appear€in€court.€More€generally,€the€author€claims€bias€on€the€partÐ ,`'* Ðof€the€judge€and€of€the€judicial€authorities.€This€is€said€to€be€evidenced€by€the€fact€that€the€BolivianÐ -P(+ Ðauthorities€allowed€Ms.€Zimmerman€to€leave€Bolivia€without€any€plausible€justification€and€neverÐ ð-@), Ðsought€her€testimony€before€the€examining€magistrate,€although€she€had€been€indicted€together€withÐ ° ÐMessrs.€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô.Ð  ð ÐÌ3.3€As€to€the€conditions€of€detention€at€the€prison€of€San€Pedro,€they€are€said€to€be€inhuman€andÐ €Ð Ðdegrading.€In€this€context,€the€author€submits€that,€on€account€of€the€psychological€stress€as€well€asÐ pÀ Ðthe€poor€conditions€of€detention,€her€husband€has€become€addicted€to€alcohol€and€drugs€and€lost€hisÐ ` ° Ðwill€to€live.Ð P   ÐÌ3.4€Finally,€the€author€claims€that€her€countless€efforts,€since€Ô_ÔmidSeptemberÔ_Ô€1987,€to€obtain€herÐ 0 € Ðhusband's€release€have€not€met€with€any€response.€She€maintains€that,€notwithstanding€the€variousÐ  p  Ðpromises€made€to€her€by€the€French€authorities,€no€official€attempt€was€made€to€obtain€her€husband'sÐ `  Ðrelease,€nor€to€improve€the€conditions€of€his€detention.Ð P  ÐÌòòThe€State€party's€information€and€observationsóó:Ð à0  ÐÌ4.1€The€State€party€provides€a€chronology€of€the€judicial€proceedings€in€the€case€and€indicates€thatÐ À Ða€judgment€at€first€instance€may€be€expected€by€Ô_ÔmidAugustÔ_Ô€1991.€It€notes€that€the€preliminaryÐ ° Ðinvestigations€were€initiated€on€14€September€1987,€with€the€consent€of€the€examining€magistrateÐ  ð Ð(Ô_ÔJuezÔ_Ô€Instructor€en€lo€Penal);€they€were€concluded€by€decision€of€29€December€1988€(auto€final),Ð à Ðwhich€committed€Messrs.€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€to€stand€trial€for€the€offences€referred€to€inÐ €Ð Ðparagraph€2.2€above.€This€decision€was€challenged€by€the€alleged€victims€on€16€and€22€FebruaryÐ pÀ Ð1989,€respectively.Ð `° ÐÌ4.2€The€proceedings€were€then€transferred€to€the€Magistrates€Court€(Ô_ÔJuezÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔQuintoÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔPartidoÔ_Ô€en€loÐ @ ÐPenal).€The€State€party€indicates€that€the€process€of€evidence€gathering,€reconstruction€of€the€factsÐ 0€ Ðand€hearing€of€witnesses€has€been€protracted,€but€that€it€is€approaching€its€final€stage.€Such€delaysÐ  p Ðas€occurred€are€said€to€be€partly€attributable€to€the€judge's€desire€to€gather€further€evidence,€whichÐ ` Ðwould€enable€him€to€render€his€judgment.Ð P ÐÌ4.3€The€State€party€points€out€that€Messrs.€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€are€likely€to€be€found€guilty€of€theÐ à0 Ðoffences€for€which€they€were€indicted,€in€particular€the€kidnapping€of€a€minor€(article€313€of€theÐ Ð  ÐPenal€Code);€this€offence€is€punishable€by€imprisonment€of€one€to€five€years.€In€the€event€of€theirÐ À! Ðconviction,€they€would€retain€the€right€to€appeal€conviction€and€sentence€(Ô_ÔrecursoÔ_Ô€de€Ô_Ôapelacið;ðnÔ_Ô),Ð °"  Ðpursuant€to€articles€284€and€288€of€the€Bolivian€Code€of€Criminal€Procedure.€In€the€event€of€anÐ  #ð! Ðunsuccessful€appeal,€they€would€be€able€to€subsequently€request€the€cassation€of€the€judgment€of€theÐ $à" ÐCourt€of€Appeal€(Ô_ÔrecursoÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔnulidadÔ_Ô),€pursuant€to€article€296€of€the€Code€of€Criminal€Procedure.Ð €%Ð # ÐÌ4.4€In€respect€of€the€author's€claim€of€a€violation€of€articles€14,€paragraph€3(b)€and€(d),€the€StateÐ `'°"% Ðparty€contends€that€both€Mr.€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€have€received€legal€assistance€throughoutÐ P( #& Ðthe€proceedings,€not€only€from€the€French€consulate€in€La€Paz,€but€also€from€one€privately€and€oneÐ @)$' ÐÔ_ÔcourtappointedÔ_Ô€lawyer.€The€alleged€victims€have€consistently€assisted€the€court€sessions,€togetherÐ 0*€%( Ðwith€their€representatives.Ð  +p&) ÐÌ4.5€The€State€party€further€contends€that€since€the€authors€were€properly€indicted€and€the€judicialÐ -P(+ Ðproceedings€continue€to€take€their€normal€course,€the€accused€remain€lawfully€detained€at€the€PrisonÐ ð-@), Ðof€San€Pedro€in€La€Paz.€The€State€party€does€not,€however,€indicate€whether€the€accused€wereÐ ° Ðpromptly€informed€of€the€charges€against€them,€and€whether€they€were€brought€promptly€before€aÐ  ð Ðjudge€or€other€officer€authorized€by€law€to€exercise€judicial€power.Ð à ÐÌ4.6€As€to€the€author's€complaint€about€undue€delays€in€the€judicial€proceedings,€the€State€party€pointsÐ pÀ Ðout€that€criminal€investigations€under€Bolivian€law€are€carried€out€in€written€form,€which€impliesÐ ` ° Ðthat€administrative€and€other€delays€may€occur.€Furthermore,€the€absence€of€an€adequate€budget€forÐ P   Ða€proper€administration€of€justice€means€that€a€number€of€criminal€cases€and€certain€specificÐ @  Ðprocedural€phases€of€criminal€proceedings€have€experienced€delays.Ð 0 € ÐÌ4.7€The€State€party€indicates€that€it€has€established€a€special€commission€of€investigation€to€enquireÐ `  Ðinto€the€author's€allegation€of€Ô_ÔilltreatmentÔ_Ô€and€inhuman€and€degrading€prison€conditions.€The€reportÐ P  Ðof€this€commission,€whose€findings€are€said€to€be€confirmed€by€Messrs.€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô,Ð ð@  Ðconcludes€that€both€prisoners€are€in€good€health€and€receive€basic€but€adequate€medical€attention;Ð à0  Ðthat€they€are€detained€in€the€most€comfortable€sector€of€the€San€Pedro€prison;€that€their€diet€isÐ Ð  Ðsatisfactory;€that€they€benefit€from€recreational€facilities;€and€that€they€may€communicate€freely€withÐ À Ðfriends,€their€relatives€and€their€legal€representatives.Ð ° ÐÌòòIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€Committeeóó:Ð à ÐÌ5.1€Before€considering€any€claims€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ pÀ Ðmust,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€rules€of€procedure,€decide€whether€or€not€it€is€admissibleÐ `° Ðunder€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.Ð P  ÐÌ5.2€During€its€40th€session,€the€Committee€considered€the€admissibility€of€the€communication.€ItÐ 0€ Ðtook€note€of€the€State€party's€observations€and€clarifications€concerning€the€current€status€of€the€caseÐ  p Ðbefore€the€Bolivian€courts,€observing€that€the€victims€were€still€awaiting€the€outcome€of€theÐ ` Ðproceedings€instituted€against€them€in€September€1987,€that€is,€more€than€three€years€after€theirÐ P Ðarrest.€In€the€circumstances,€the€Committee€considered€that€a€delay€of€over€three€years€for€theÐ ð@ Ðadjudication€of€the€case€at€first€instance,€discounting€the€availability€of€subsequent€appeals,€wasÐ à0 Ð"unreasonably€prolonged"€within€the€meaning€of€article€5,€paragraph€2(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol.Ð Ð  ÐFrom€the€available€information,€the€Committee€deduced€that€such€delays€as€had€been€encounteredÐ À! Ðwere€neither€attributable€to€the€alleged€victims€nor€explained€by€the€complexity€of€the€case.€ItÐ °"  Ðtherefore€concluded€that€the€requirements€of€article€5,€paragraph€2(b),€had€been€met.Ð  #ð! ÐÌ5.3€The€Committee€considered€that€the€communication€should€be€examined€on€the€merits€as€itÐ €%Ð # Ðappeared€to€raise€issues€under€the€Covenant€in€respect€of€the€author's€claims€(a)€that€Messrs.€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_ÔÐ p&À!$ Ðand€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€were€not€promptly€informed€of€the€charges€against€them;€(b)€that€they€were€notÐ `'°"% Ðpromptly€brought€before€a€judge€and€interrogated;€(c)€that€they€were€not€afforded€adequate€facilitiesÐ P( #& Ðfor€the€preparation€of€their€defence€and€were€unable€to€properly€communicate€with€counsel€assignedÐ @)$' Ðto€them;€(d)€that€they€were€inadequately€represented€during€the€preliminary€investigation;€and€(e)Ð 0*€%( Ðthat€they€were€being€subjected€to€inhuman€and€degrading€treatment.Ð  +p&) ÐÌ5.4€On€6€November€1990,€therefore,€the€Committee€declared€the€communication€admissible€in€soÐ -P(+ Ðfar€as€it€appeared€to€raise€issues€under€articles€9,€paragraphs€2€and€3;€10,€paragraph€1;€and€14,Ð ð-@), Ðparagraph€3(b),€(c)€and€(d),€of€the€Covenant.Ð ° ÐÌ6.1€The€Committee€has€considered€the€present€communication€in€the€light€of€all€the€informationÐ à Ðprovided€by€the€parties,€as€provided€for€in€article€5,€paragraph€1,€of€the€Optional€Protocol.Ð €Ð ÐÌ6.2€With€respect€to€the€allegation€of€a€violation€of€article€10€of€the€Covenant,€the€CommitteeÐ ` ° Ðobserves€that€the€author€has€not€corroborated,€in€a€manner€sufficiently€substantiated,€her€claim€thatÐ P   Ðthe€prison€conditions€at€the€penitentiary€of€San€Pedro€are€inhuman€and€do€Ô_ÔnotrespectÔ_Ô€the€inherentÐ @  Ðdignity€of€the€human€person.€The€State€party€has€endeavoured€to€investigate€this€claim,€and€theÐ 0 € Ðfindings€of€its€commission€of€inquiry,€which€have€not€been€refuted€either€by€the€authors€or€by€theÐ  p  Ðalleged€victims,€conclude€that€Messrs.€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€benefit€from€basic€amenities€duringÐ `  Ðdetention,€including€medical€treatment,€adequate€diet,€recreational€facilities€as€well€as€contacts€withÐ P  Ðtheir€relatives€and€representatives.€In€the€circumstances,€the€Committee€concludes€that€there€has€beenÐ ð@  Ðno€violation€of€article€10.Ð à0  ÐÌ6.3€As€to€the€alleged€violation€of€article€14,€paragraph€3(b)€and€(d),€the€Committee€reaffirms€that€itÐ À Ðis€imperative€that€accused€individuals€be€afforded€adequate€time€for€the€preparation€of€their€defence,Ð ° Ðand€that€they€be€provided€with€free€legal€assistance€if€they€cannot€themselves€afford€the€services€ofÐ  ð Ða€legal€representative.€In€the€present€case,€it€is€uncontested€that€legal€assistance€was€provided€to€bothÐ à ÐMr.€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô.€Nor€has€the€State€party's€claim€that€the€alleged€victims€haveÐ €Ð ÐÔ_ÔbenefittedÔ_Ô€from€such€assistance€throughout€the€proceedings,€and€that€they€have€been€able€to€attendÐ pÀ Ðhearings€before€the€court€together€with€their€representatives,€been€refuted.€In€these€circumstances,Ð `° Ðthe€Committee€does€not€find€that€either€article€14,€paragraph€3(b),€or€article€14,€paragraph€3(d),€hasÐ P  Ðbeen€violated.Ð @ ÐÌ6.4€As€to€the€alleged€violation€of€article€9,€paragraphs€2€and€3,€the€Committee€observes€that€theÐ  p Ðauthor€has€stated€in€general€terms€that€her€husband€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€were€held€in€custody€for€tenÐ ` Ðdays€before€being€informed€of€the€charges€against€them,€and€that€they€were€not€brought€promptlyÐ P Ðbefore€a€judge€or€other€officer€authorized€by€law€to€exercise€judicial€power.€It€remains€unclear€fromÐ ð@ Ðthe€State€party's€submission€whether€the€accused€were€indeed€brought€before€a€judge€or€judicialÐ à0 Ðofficer€between€their€arrest,€on€3€September€1987,€and€12€September€1987,€the€date€of€theirÐ Ð  Ðindictment€and€placement€under€detention,€pursuant€to€article€194€of€the€Bolivian€Code€of€CriminalÐ À! ÐProcedure.€The€Committee€cannot€but€note€that€there€has€been€no€specific€reply€to€its€request€forÐ °"  Ðinformation€in€this€particular€respect,€and€reiterates€the€principle€that,€if€a€State€party€contends€thatÐ  #ð! Ðfacts€alleged€by€the€author€are€incorrect€or€would€not€amount€to€a€violation€of€the€Covenant,€it€mustÐ $à" Ðso€inform€the€Committee.€The€pertinent€factor€in€this€case€is€that€both€Mr.€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_ÔÐ €%Ð # Ðallegedly€were€held€in€custody€for€ten€days€before€being€brought€before€any€judicial€instance€andÐ p&À!$ Ðwithout€being€informed€of€the€charges€against€them.€Accordingly,€while€not€unsympathetic€to€theÐ `'°"% ÐState€party's€claim€that€budgetary€constraints€may€cause€impediments€to€the€proper€administrationÐ P( #& Ðof€justice€in€Bolivia,€the€Committee€concludes€that€the€right€of€Messrs.€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€underÐ @)$' Ðarticle€9,€paragraphs€2€and€3,€have€not€been€observed.Ð 0*€%( ÐÌ6.5€Under€article€9,€paragraph€3,€anyone€arrested€or€detained€on€a€criminal€charge€"shall€be€entitledÐ ,`'* Ðto€trial€within€a€reasonable€time...".€What€constitutes€"reasonable€time"€is€a€matter€of€assessment€forÐ -P(+ Ðeach€particular€case.€The€lack€of€adequate€budgetary€appropriations€for€the€administration€of€criminalÐ ð-@), Ðjustice€alluded€to€by€the€State€party€does€not€justify€unreasonable€delays€in€the€adjudication€ofÐ ° Ðcriminal€cases.€Nor€does€the€fact€that€investigations€into€a€criminal€case€are,€in€their€essence,€carriedÐ  ð Ðout€by€way€of€written€proceedings,€justify€such€delays.€In€the€present€case,€the€Committee€has€notÐ à Ðbeen€informed€that€a€decision€at€first€instance€had€been€reached€some€four€years€after€the€victims'Ð €Ð Ðarrest.€Considerations€of€evidence-gathering€do€not€justify€such€prolonged€detention.€The€CommitteeÐ pÀ Ðconcludes€that€there€has€been,€in€this€respect,€a€violation€of€article€9,€paragraph€3.Ð ` ° ÐÌ6.6€The€author€has€further€alleged€that€her€husband€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô€have€not€been€tried,€at€firstÐ @  Ðinstance,€for€a€period€of€time€that€she€considers€unreasonably€prolonged.€Under€article€14,€paragraphÐ 0 € Ð3(c),€the€victims€have€the€right€to€"be€tried€without€undue€delay".€The€arguments€advanced€by€theÐ  p  ÐState€party€in€respect€of€article€9,€paragraph€3,€cannot€serve€to€justify€undue€delays€in€the€judicialÐ `  Ðproceedings.€While€the€accused€were€indicted€on€several€criminal€charges€under€the€BolivianÐ P  ÐCriminal€Code€on€12€September€1987,€the€determination€of€these€charges€had€not€resulted€in€aÐ ð@  Ðjudgment,€at€first€instance,€nearly€four€years€later;€the€State€party€has€not€shown€that€the€complexityÐ à0  Ðof€the€case€was€such€as€to€justify€this€delay.€The€Committee€concludes€that€this€delay€violated€theÐ Ð  Ðvictims'€right€under€article€14,€paragraph€3(c).Ð À ÐÌ7.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theÐ  ð ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€finds€that€the€facts€before€it€reveal€a€violationÐ à Ðof€articles€9,€paragraphs€2€and€3,€and€14,€paragraph€3(c),€of€the€Covenant.Ð €Ð ÐÌ8.€In€accordance€with€the€provisions€of€article€2€of€the€Covenant,€the€State€party€is€under€anÐ `° Ðobligation€to€take€effective€measures€to€remedy€the€violations€suffered€by€Messrs.€Ô_ÔAndrÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔFillastreÔ_ÔÐ P  Ðand€Pierre€Ô_ÔBizouarnÔ_Ô.€The€Committee€has€taken€note€of€the€State€party's€information€that€the€offenceÐ @ Ðfor€which€the€authors€have€been€indicted€under€article€313€of€the€Bolivian€Criminal€Code€isÐ 0€ Ðpunishable€by€imprisonment€of€one€to€five€years,€and€observes€that€the€authors€have€already€beenÐ  p Ðdetained€for€a€period€of€four€years€and€two€months.€In€the€circumstances,€the€State€party€should€grantÐ ` Ðthe€authors€a€remedy€in€the€form€of€their€immediate€release,€and€ensure€that€similar€violations€do€notÐ P Ðoccur€in€the€future.Ð ð@ ÐÌ9.€The€Committee€would€wish€to€receive€information,€within€30€days,€on€any€relevant€measuresÐ Ð  Ðadopted€by€the€State€party€in€respect€of€the€Committee's€Views.€Ð À! ÐÌÌ[Done€in€English,€French,€Russian€and€Spanish,€the€English€text€being€the€original€version.]Ð $à" ÐÌÌòòFootnotesóóÐ `'°"% ÐÌ*€Made€public€by€decision€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee€Ð @)$' ÐÓ¶Ó