’WPC5 Ży« ʰ˜õOā µh×Ƽ;¤ī3ŚØę„^źóEóÅ¢¹ņäC»ĢJ éĶģ»hÓtHÅ«,Å%K ¦%g€[ķ)£8»‚O¹F€BŲß&č·čI‰Ąö1椒ŽŚ9N™åuKäūÜ|…0’ĀĒq$®ČčĄնąšaÖÅTģ KPAä¤x@–ŗr”įæųQŠ@…n7$°qćĶSõ¤wyް®ģŅ‘‡źÉ•PO|õzöqņŪ”ė4gõQŠóė{ā/‚¦‰<äļ++šÕ’žĻÅ&—ģś€ų #“¤J¤TtggA¦,³³sF{įhtd%$Ttœ4A€āŃŗ¹Ö:d¢GŪ+gżįB5'gnęÉ‘ŌŚt>’=@õg\ÕįŪ<ÜŅŌĘašDĶüu`ūÖ< Č›ŪE–Ešw?ŗÉóɒźśP¤ '7q$޲Sƒ¼GĪŪ0sQ»OŽ`µš½$ņ¬WLsūö 9Żńc5–ĀJ #ĮšUN[ %© 0:Æ^ éwõ4ł  m˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÖĆ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ūœ$””ŌUKUS.,Ō™ō* Äpģ* Docume͟3|x’U‹’ĄĄĄŻ ƒūœ!ŻŌUKUS.,ŌŻ  ŻŌ_Ōņ ņCOMMITTEE€ON€THE€ELIMINATION€OF€RACIAL€DISCRIMINATIONŠ ° ŠĢņņAhmad€v.€DenmarkóóŠ ą ŠĢCommunication€No€16/1999Š pĄ ŠĢ13€March€2000Š P   ŠĢŌ_ŌCERDŌ_Ō/C/56/D/16/1999Š 0 € ŠĢĢVIEWSó óŠ P  ŠĢĢņņņņSubmitted€byóó:€Kashif€Ahmad€(represented€by€legal€counsel)€Š Š  ŠĢņņAlleged€victimóó:€The€author€Š ° ŠĢņņState€party€concernedóó:€Denmark€Š ą ŠĢņņDate€of€communicationóó:€28€May€1999€(initial€submission)óó€Š pĄ ŠĢĢÓ  ÓņņThe€Committee€on€the€Elimination€of€Racial€Discriminationóó,€established€under€article€8€of€theŠ @ ŠInternational€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€Racial€Discrimination,€Š 0€ ŠĢņņMeetingóó€on€13€March€2000,€Š ` ŠĢņņHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€16/1999,€submitted€to€the€CommitteeŠ š@ Šunder€article€14€of€the€International€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€RacialŠ ą0 ŠDiscrimination,€Š Š  ŠĢņņHaving€taken€into€considerationóó€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€author€and€theŠ °"  ŠState€party,€Š  #š! ŠĢņņBearing€in€mindóó€rule€95€of€its€rules€of€procedure€requiring€it€to€formulate€its€opinion€on€theŠ €%Š # Šcommunication€before€it,€Š p&Ą!$ ŠĢņņAdoptsóó€the€following:Š P( #& ŠĢĢÓ  Óņņņ ņOPINIONó óóó€Š  +p&) ŠÓ<ÓĢĢ1.1€The€author€of€the€communication€is€Kashif€Ahmad,€a€Danish€citizen€of€Pakistani€origin€born€inŠ š-@), Š1980€who€claims€to€be€a€victim€of€violations€by€Denmark€of€article€2,€subparagraph€1€(d),€and€articleŠ ° Š6€of€the€Convention.€He€is€represented€by€counsel.€Š  š ŠĢ1.2€In€conformity€with€article€14,€paragraph€6€(a),€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€transmitted€theŠ €Š Šcommunication€to€the€State€party€on€27€August€1999.€Š pĄ ŠĢņņThe€facts€as€submitted€by€the€authoróó€Š P   ŠĢ2.1€On€16€June€1998€family€members€and€friends€had€come€to€meet€pupils€after€the€exams€at€theŠ 0 € ŠŌ_ŌAvedoreŌ_Ō€Gymnasium,€Hvidovre,€as€is€the€usual€practice€in€Danish€high€schools.€The€author€and€hisŠ  p  Šbrother€were€waiting€with€a€video€camera€outside€an€examination€room,€where€a€friend€of€theirs€wasŠ `  Štaking€an€exam.€While€they€were€waiting,€a€teacher,€Mr.€K.P.,€asked€them€to€leave.€Since€theyŠ P  Šrefused€the€teacher€informed€the€headmaster,€Mr.€Ō_ŌO.T.Ō_Ō,€who€immediately€called€the€police.€Mr.€O.T.Š š@  Špublicly€referred€to€the€author€and€his€brother€as€"a€bunch€of€monkeys".€When€the€author€told€Mr.Š ą0  ŠO.T.€that€he€was€going€to€complain€about€the€manner€in€which€he€had€been€treated,€Mr.€K.P.Š Š  Šexpressed€doubts€about€the€effectiveness€of€such€a€complaint€and€said€that€the€author€and€his€brotherŠ Ą Šwere€"a€bunch€of€monkeys"€who€could€not€express€themselves€correctly.€When€the€police€arrivedŠ ° Šthe€author€and€his€friends€discussed€the€matter€with€them.€The€police€promised€to€have€a€discussionŠ  š Šwith€Mr.€O.T.€Š ą ŠĢ2.2€The€same€day€the€author€received€a€letter€in€which€Mr.€O.T.€informed€him€that€he€did€not€wantŠ pĄ Šhim€to€be€present€at€the€official€celebration€to€be€held€at€the€school€on€19€June€1998€in€the€courseŠ `° Šof€which€he€was€going€to€receive€his€diploma.€On€17€June€1998€the€author's€father€went€to€AvedoreŠ P  ŠGymnasium€in€order€to€discuss€the€matter€with€Mr.€O.T.€Mr.€O.T.€first€refused€to€receive€him€andŠ @ Šwhen€he€finally€accepted,€told€him€that€the€matter€had€been€settled€and€asked€him€to€leave.Š 0€ ŠSubsequently,€the€author€learned€from€one€of€the€employees€at€the€school€that€Mr.€O.T.€had€givenŠ  p Šinstructions€to€the€door€guards€not€to€let€him€in.€Š ` ŠĢ2.3€By€letter€dated€25€June€1998,€counsel€informed€Mr.€O.T.€that€the€matter€was€a€serious€one€andŠ š@ Šthat€the€expressions€he€had€used€against€the€author€amounted€to€a€violation€of€section€266b€of€theŠ ą0 ŠDanish€Penal€Code.€Counsel€also€requested€an€explanation€and€an€apology€for€his€client.€Mr.€O.T.Š Š  Šreplied€that€the€author€and€his€brother€had€been€noisy€outside€the€examination€rooms€but€he€did€notŠ Ą! Šdeny€having€used€the€racist€expressions€referred€to€above.€Š °"  ŠĢ2.4€Counsel€filed€a€complaint€with€the€police€of€Hvidovre€on€7€July€1998.€By€letter€dated€23Š $ą" ŠSeptember€1998€the€police€informed€him€that€they€had€interviewed€Mr.€O.T.€and€Mr.€K.P.€andŠ €%Š # Šconcluded€that€the€expressions€used€were€outside€the€scope€of€section€266b€of€the€Penal€Code€andŠ p&Ą!$ Šthat€the€case€would€be€discontinued€in€accordance€with€section€749,€subparagraph€2,€of€the€DanishŠ `'°"% ŠAdministration€of€Justice€Act.€The€letter€also€said€that€the€expressions€used€had€to€be€seen€inŠ P( #& Šconnection€with€a€tense€incident.€In€the€opinion€of€the€police,€they€should€not€be€understood€asŠ @)$' Šinsulting€or€degrading€in€terms€of€race,€colour,€national€or€ethnic€origin,€since€they€could€also€beŠ 0*€%( Šused€towards€persons€of€Danish€origin€who€behaved€as€the€author€had.€Š  +p&) ŠĢ2.5€By€letter€dated€1€October€1998€counsel€requested€the€police€to€have€the€case€brought€before€theŠ -P(+ ŠState€Attorney.€On€30€November€1998€the€State€Attorney€upheld€the€decision€of€the€police.€Š š-@), Ї2.6€Counsel€claims€that,€in€accordance€with€section€101€of€the€Administration€of€Justice€Act,€aŠ ° Šdecision€by€the€State€Attorney€relating€to€an€investigation€by€the€police€departments€cannot€beŠ  š Šappealed€to€other€authorities.€As€questions€relating€to€the€pursuance€by€the€police€of€charges€againstŠ ą Šindividuals€are€entirely€up€to€the€discretion€of€the€police,€there€is€no€possibility€of€bringing€the€caseŠ €Š Šbefore€a€court.€Furthermore,€legal€action€by€the€author€against€Mr.€O.T.€and€Mr.€K.P.€would€not€beŠ pĄ Šeffective,€taking€into€account€that€the€police€of€Hvidovre€and€the€State€Attorney€had€rejected€theŠ ` ° Šauthor's€complaints.€Š P   ŠĢ2.7€Counsel€further€contends€that€the€High€Court€of€the€Eastern€Circuit,€in€a€decision€of€5€FebruaryŠ 0 € Š1999,€held€the€view€that€an€incident€of€racial€discrimination€did€not€in€itself€imply€a€violation€of€theŠ  p  Šhonour€and€reputation€of€a€person€under€section€26€of€the€Danish€Act€on€Tort.€According€to€counselŠ `  Šthe€position€of€the€High€Court,€as€a€result€of€that€decision,€is€that€racial€discrimination€carried€outŠ P  Špolitely€would€not€in€itself€constitute€a€basis€for€a€claim€for€compensation.€Š š@  ŠĢņņThe€complaintóó€Š Š  ŠĢ3.1€It€is€submitted€that€the€case€was€not€examined€properly€by€the€national€authorities€and€that€theŠ ° Šauthor€never€obtained€an€apology€or€sufficient€satisfaction€or€reparation.€As€a€result€the€State€partyŠ  š Šhas€violated€its€obligations€under€article€2,€subparagraph€1€(d)€and€article€6€of€the€Convention.€Š ą ŠĢ3.2€Counsel€claims€that€neither€the€police€department€of€Hvidovre€nor€the€State€Attorney€examined,Š pĄ Šin€particular,€the€following€issues:€(a)€had€Mr.€O.T.€and€Mr.€K.P.€said€that€the€author€and€his€brotherŠ `° Šwere€"a€bunch€of€monkeys"€and€that€they€could€not€express€themselves€correctly;€(b)€had€that€beenŠ P  Šused€with€reference€to€the€Pakistani€origin€of€the€author€and€his€brother;€(c)€had€that€expressionŠ @ Šamounted€to€a€discriminatory€opinion€about€the€author€and€his€brother.€According€to€counsel,€theŠ 0€ Špolice€limited€themselves€to€interviewing€Mr.€O.T.€and€Mr.€Ō_ŌK.PŌ_Ō;€they€did€not€even€considerŠ  p Šinterviewing€the€author€and€his€brother,€or€the€six€witnesses€whose€names€and€addresses€were€knownŠ ` Što€them.€Š P ŠĢņņState€party's€submission€on€admissibility€and€meritsóó€Š ą0 ŠĢ4.1€In€a€submission€dated€29€November€1999€the€State€party€contends€that€the€author€has€failed€toŠ Ą! Šestablish€a€prima€facie€case€for€the€purpose€of€admissibility€and,€accordingly,€the€communicationŠ °"  Šshould€be€declared€inadmissible.€The€State€party€does€not€dispute€that€the€other€conditions€forŠ  #š! Šadmissibility€set€out€in€article€14€of€the€Convention€and€rule€91€of€the€Committee's€rules€ofŠ $ą" Šprocedure€are€satisfied.€Should€the€Committee€not€declare€the€communication€inadmissible€on€theŠ €%Š # Šabove€ground,€the€State€party€submits€that€there€has€been€no€violation€of€the€Convention€and€thatŠ p&Ą!$ Šthe€communication€is€manifestly€ill-founded.€Š `'°"% ŠĢ4.2€The€State€party€quotes€excerpts€from€the€complaint€lodged€by€counsel€with€the€Chief€ConstableŠ @)$' Šof€Hvidovre€on€7€July€1998,€the€letter€addressed€by€counsel€to€Avedore€High€School€on€22€JuneŠ 0*€%( Š1998€requesting€an€explanation€of€the€incident€and€an€apology,€and€the€response€from€theŠ  +p&) Šheadmaster.€It€states€that€as€a€result€of€counsel's€complaint€the€police€interviewed€Mr.€K.P.€on€9Š ,`'* ŠSeptember€1998.€Š -P(+ ŠŠ š-@), Š4.3€Mr.€K.P.€explained€to€the€police€that€the€author€had€previously€been€a€student€of€his€and€thatŠ ° Šthere€had€been€disagreements€between€them,€including€about€the€author's€grades.€On€the€examinationŠ  š Šday€in€question€he€had€been€corridor€attendant€responsible,€inter€alia,€for€peace€and€order.€At€oneŠ ą Špoint€he€noticed€two€individuals€in€the€basement€at€the€door€to€the€sports€field€and€that€a€cup€wasŠ €Š Šjammed€into€the€door€to€keep€it€open.€He€asked€the€two€persons,€one€of€whom€was€the€author'sŠ pĄ Šbrother,€what€they€were€doing€there.€They€answered€that€they€were€waiting€for€the€author,€who€wasŠ ` ° Šreturning€books.€Mr.€K.P.€said€that€it€was€a€strange€place€to€be€standing€and€that€there€had€previouslyŠ P   Šbeen€three€cases€of€theft€at€the€school€where€that€particular€door€had€been€used.€The€two€youngŠ @  Špeople€started€getting€excited€and€shouted€at€Mr.€K.P.€The€author,€who€was€standing€at€the€bookŠ 0 € Šreturn€desk,€turned€round€and€insulted€Mr.€K.P.€Š  p  ŠĢĢ4.4€Later,€Mr.€K.P.€noticed€four€to€six€persons€of€foreign€origin,€including€the€author€and€his€brother,Š š@  Šwaiting€outside€an€examination€room.€There€was€much€noise€in€the€corridor€and€several€times€theŠ ą0  Šteachers€had€come€out€of€the€examination€rooms€and€requested€quiet.€Mr.€K.P.€then€decided€to€emptyŠ Š  Šthe€corridors.€Everybody€left€except€the€group€containing€the€author€and€his€brother.€The€brotherŠ Ą Šshouted€that€they€were€not€going€to€leave.€Mr.€Ō_ŌK.P.Ō_Ō€asked€them€four€times,€quietly€and€peacefully,Š ° Što€leave€the€corridor€but€they€still€refused€to€do€so.€Both€the€author€and€his€brother€had€threatening,Š  š Špiercing€eyes,€pointed€with€their€fingers€at€Mr.€K.P.€and€shouted€and€screamed.€Mr.€K.P.€pressed€theŠ ą Šintercommunication€system€on€the€wall€and€shortly€afterwards€the€headmaster€arrived.€TheŠ €Š Šheadmaster€tried€for€about€five€minutes€to€talk€to€the€group€but€they€still€refused€to€leave.€The€group,Š pĄ Šmainly€led€by€the€brother€and,€to€some€extent,€the€author,€hurled€insults€and€became€more€and€moreŠ `° Šthreatening,€even€in€the€presence€of€other€teachers.€As€a€result,€the€police€were€summoned.€Mr.€K.P.Š P  Šcould€not€remember€whether€the€group€left€by€themselves€after€realizing€that€the€police€had€beenŠ @ Šcalled€or€whether€the€police€removed€them.€In€any€case,€he€noted€subsequently€that€police€wereŠ 0€ Šstanding€outside€the€school€talking€with€the€group.€Mr.€Ō_ŌK.P.Ō_Ō€was€asked€whether€the€headmaster€hadŠ  p Šsaid€anything€about€"monkeys"€to€the€group.€He€replied€that€he€had€heard€nothing€of€the€sort.€He€wasŠ ` Šasked€whether€he€had€said€anything€similar.€He€answered€that€he€did€not€think€so€but€was€not€ableŠ P Što€reply€definitively.€If€he€had€said€something€about€"monkeys",€it€had€nothing€to€do€with€race,Š š@ Šreligion,€ethnic€origin,€etc.€of€the€group,€but€had€merely€been€used€as€an€ordinary€slang€word€for€aŠ ą0 Š"bunch"€that€behaved€abnormally.€He€and€Mr.€O.T.€had€not€wanted€to€lodge€a€complaint€with€theŠ Š  Špolice€about€the€threats€received,€as€they€were€used€to€cultural€differences€and€different€conduct.€Š Ą! ŠĢ4.5€On€18€September€1998€the€police€interviewed€Mr.€O.T.,€the€headmaster.€He€explained,€inter€alia,Š  #š! Šthat€Mr.€Ō_ŌK.P.Ō_Ō€had€come€to€him€and€said€that€he€was€unable€to€control€events€on€the€second€floor€asŠ $ą" Ša€group€of€foreigners€would€not€comply€with€his€instructions.€Upon€arriving€on€the€scene€he€noticedŠ €%Š # Šthat€a€group€of€foreigners€consisting€of€8€to€10€persons,€including€the€author€and€some€of€hisŠ p&Ą!$ Šclassmates,€were€making€a€lot€of€noise.€When€he€asked€them€to€leave€the€author's€brother€started€toŠ `'°"% Šshout,€insulted€him€and€made€threatening€gestures.€While€all€this€was€happening€the€author€wasŠ P( #& Šstanding€with€a€video€camera.€Mr.€O.T.€believes€that€he€was€recording.€A€group€of€parents€who€hadŠ @)$' Šbeen€sitting€at€the€end€of€the€corridor€had€been€very€shocked.€During€the€entire€episode€several€adultsŠ 0*€%( Šhad€come€to€the€corridor€and€watched€the€whole€scene€with€astonishment.€When€asked€why€he€didŠ  +p&) Šnot€file€a€complaint,€Mr.€O.T.€explained€that€they€were€used€to€many€different€nationalities€at€theŠ ,`'* Šschool€and€consequently€they€probably€had€a€higher€tolerance€threshold.€As€for€the€use€of€theŠ -P(+ Šexpression€"bunch€of€monkeys",€he€said€that€he€could€not€deny€having€said€something€like€that.€IfŠ š-@), Šso,€the€word€"monkey"€was€merely€used€in€the€light€of€the€conduct€of€the€group€and€had€no€relationŠ ° Što€the€religious€affiliation,€colour,€ethnic€origin,€etc.€of€the€group.€He€could€equally€have€used€theŠ  š Šword€about€a€group€of€ethnic€Danes€behaving€similarly.€He€could€not€remember€Mr.€Ō_ŌK.P.Ō_Ō€referringŠ ą Što€the€group€as€"a€bunch€of€monkeys€who€could€not€express€themselves€grammatically€correctly".€Š €Š ŠĢ4.6€By€letter€dated€23€September€1998€the€Chief€Constable€of€Hvidovre€informed€counsel,€inter€alia,Š ` ° Šof€the€following:Š P   ŠĢą0  ą"Pursuant€to€section€742(2)€of€the€Administration€of€Justice€Act€(retsplejeloven),€the€policeŠ 0 € Šinitiates€an€investigation€on€the€basis€of€an€information€when€it€can€reasonably€be€assumedŠ  p  Šthat€a€criminal€offence€subject€to€public€prosecution€has€been€committed.€Š` (#(# ŠĢą0  ą"I€have€had€some€investigation€made€in€the€case,€inter€alia,€by€interviewing€Mr.€O.T.€and€Mr.Š š@  ŠK.P.€Šą0 (#(# ŠĢą0  ą"Subsequently,€I€am€of€the€opinion€that€the€statements€and€the€circumstances€under€whichŠ Ą Šthey€may€have€been€made€fall€outside€the€provisions€of€section€266b€of€the€Criminal€Code.€Š°(#(# ŠĢą0  ą"I€have€therefore€decided,€pursuant€to€section€749(2)€of€the€Administration€of€Justice€Act,Š ą Što€discontinue€the€investigation€and€shelve€the€case.€Š€Š(#(# ŠĢą0  ą"In€my€assessment€I€have€attached€importance€to€the€following:€Š`°(#(# ŠĢą0  ą"Mr.€Ō_ŌO.T.Ō_Ō€does€not€entirely€deny€that€he€may€have€said€something€like€the€quoted€statement.€Š@(#(# ŠĢą0  ą"However,€the€statements€must€be€seen€in€connection€with€a€tense€episode€in€the€corridorsŠ  p Šof€the€High€School,€during€which€both€Mr.€K.P.,€the€teacher,€and€especially€Mr.€O.T.,€theŠ ` Šheadmaster,€have€borne€various€expressions€of€disapproval€and€even€had€to€summon€theŠ P Špolice€to€get€peace€at€the€examinations€rooms.€Šš@(#(# ŠĢą0  ą"Anyway,€in€my€opinion,€the€alleged€statements€cannot€especially€be€perceived€as€insultingŠ Š  Šor€degrading€in€relation€to€race,€colour,€national€extraction€or€ethnic€origin,€as€suchŠ Ą! Šstatements€could€be€made€with€the€same€meaning€about€others€-€also€of€Danish€ethnic€origin,Š °"  Šthat€exhibit€a€similar€conduct.€The€statements€refer€to€the€nature€of€the€conduct€and€not€to€theŠ  #š! Šperson.€Š$ą"(#(# ŠĢą0  ą"Any€claim€for€damages€is€referred€to€a€civil€action."€Šp&Ą!$(#(# ŠĢ4.7€By€letter€of€1€October€1998€counsel€appealed€the€decision€to€the€District€Public€Prosecutor€forŠ P( #& ŠZealand€through€the€Chief€Constable€of€Hvidovre.€He€stressed,€inter€alia,€that€neither€the€author€norŠ @)$' Šhis€classmates€had€been€interviewed€by€the€police€and€that€a€video€recording€existed€that€showed€theŠ 0*€%( Šsituation€about€30€minutes€before€the€episode€occurred,€when€a€very€large€number€of€classmates€andŠ  +p&) Šrelatives€of€a€student€being€examined€were€in€the€corridor.€The€video€also€showed€the€situationŠ ,`'* Šshortly€before€the€statements€in€question€were€made,€when€only€a€quite€small€number€of€personsŠ -P(+ Šwere€present€in€the€corridor€together€with€Mr.€K.P.€Š š-@), Ї4.8€On€6€October€1998€the€Chief€Constable€forwarded€the€case€to€the€District€Public€Prosecutor€andŠ ° Šexplained€that€in€view€of€the€context€in€which€the€statements€in€question€had€been€made€he€had€notŠ  š Šfound€it€necessary€to€interview€the€author.€Although€he€had€not€seen€the€video€he€did€not€considerŠ ą Šit€relevant,€as€it€did€not€concern€the€episode€itself.€On€30€November€1998€the€District€PublicŠ €Š ŠProsecutor€informed€counsel€that€he€concurred€entirely€in€the€assessment€made€by€the€ChiefŠ pĄ ŠConstable€and€found€no€basis€for€reversing€his€decision.€Š ` ° ŠĢ4.9€The€State€party€submits€that€the€central€point€in€the€present€communication€is€the€statementsŠ @  Šallegedly€made€by€Mr.€Ō_ŌK.P.Ō_Ō€and€Mr.€O.T.€Those€statements,€if€made,€are€not€an€expression€of€aŠ 0 € Šdifference€of€treatment€that€constitutes€discrimination€in€violation€of€article€2€(1)€and€article€5€(e)Š  p  Š(v)€of€the€Convention.€It€is€more€relevant€to€assess€the€statements€in€question€in€relation€to€articleŠ `  Š4€(a)€of€the€Convention,€which€requires€States€parties€to€penalize€certain€categories€of€misconduct.Š P  ŠTo€enable€Denmark€to€ratify€the€Convention,€section€266b€and€other€sections€of€the€Danish€CriminalŠ š@  ŠCode€were€amended.€Pursuant€to€section€266b,€any€person€who,€publicly€or€with€the€intent€ofŠ ą0  Šdissemination€to€a€wider€circle,€makes€statements€or€any€other€communication€by€which€a€group€ofŠ Š  Špersons€is€threatened,€insulted€or€exposed€to€indignities€on€the€grounds€of€race,€colour,€nationalŠ Ą Šextraction€or€ethnic€origin,€shall€be€liable€to€punishment.€Š ° ŠĢ4.10€It€is€a€condition€that€the€statement€in€question€be€directed€at€a€group€on€the€basis€of€its€race,€etc.Š ą ŠStatements€aimed€at€a€single€person€must,€if€they€cannot€be€seen€as€an€expression€of€insult€orŠ €Š Špersecution€of€the€group€to€which€the€person€belongs,€be€assessed€pursuant€to€the€general€rules€ofŠ pĄ Šthe€Criminal€Code€on€invasion€of€privacy€and€defamation€of€character.€When€assessing€whetherŠ `° Šsome€statements€must€be€deemed€to€be€in€violation€of€section€266b€it€is€necessary€to€make€a€concreteŠ P  Šassessment€of€the€substance€of€the€statements,€including€the€context€in€which€they€were€made.€ThisŠ @ Šwas€done€by€the€Chief€Constable€and€the€District€Public€Prosecutors€in€deciding€to€discontinue€theŠ 0€ Šinvestigation.€The€Government€concurs€entirely€in€those€assessments€and€considers€that€the€authorŠ  p Šhas€not€substantiated€or€rendered€probable€that€he€was€the€victim€of€racist€statements€in€violation€ofŠ ` Šthe€Convention,€as€they€were€not€aimed€at€a€group€because€of€its€race€or€ethnic€origin.€Thus,€theŠ P Šauthor€has€failed€to€establish€a€prima€facie€case€for€the€purpose€of€admissibility€of€hisŠ š@ Šcommunication.€Š ą0 ŠĢ4.11€The€State€party€is€aware€that€the€Convention€makes€certain€requirements€of€the€treatmentŠ Ą! Šaccorded€by€the€authorities€to€information€from€private€individuals€concerning€alleged€racialŠ °"  Šdiscrimination€contrary€to€the€Convention€(1).€However,€the€investigation€performed€by€the€policeŠ  #š! Šfully€satisfied€the€requirements€that€can€be€inferred€from€the€Convention€as€interpreted€in€theŠ $ą" ŠCommittee's€practice.€The€police€had€details€on€the€substance€of€the€alleged€statements€both€fromŠ €%Š # Šthe€author€and€his€counsel€and€from€the€teacher€and€the€headmaster.€The€author€has€specificallyŠ p&Ą!$ Špointed€out€that€the€police€should€have€assessed€whether€the€statements€that€gave€rise€to€theŠ `'°"% Šcomplaint€had€in€fact€been€made.€The€State€party€argues€that€both€the€police€and€the€PublicŠ P( #& ŠProsecutor€assessed€that€it€was€not€necessary€to€decide€definitively€whether€the€statements€were€inŠ @)$' Šfact€made€as,€even€if€they€had€been€made,€they€were€not€criminal€pursuant€to€section€266b.€Š 0*€%( ŠĢ4.12€The€task€of€the€police€in€its€treatment€of€a€complaint€differs€from€the€way€a€criminal€case€isŠ ,`'* Štreated€by€the€courts.€The€task€of€the€police€is€not€to€establish€in€a€binding€manner€what€actuallyŠ -P(+ Šhappened,€but€to€assess€"whether€the€conditions€of€imposing€criminal€liability€...€are€satisfied€..."Š š-@), Š(section€743€of€the€Administration€of€Justice€Act).€The€police€have€determined€that,€to€be€able€toŠ ° Šmake€this€assessment,€it€was€not€necessary€to€decide€whether€the€alleged€statements€had€in€fact€beenŠ  š Šmade,€as€whether€they€had€been€made€or€not,€they€were€not€criminal.€Š ą ŠĢ4.13€Moreover,€the€author€has€pointed€out€that€the€police€should€have€determined€whether€theŠ pĄ Šexpressions€used€were€intended€to€disparage€the€national€origin€of€the€author€and€whether€they€wereŠ ` ° Šracially€discriminatory.€According€to€the€State€party,€such€a€determination€was€indeed€made,€asŠ P   Šreflected€in€the€decisions€of€the€Chief€Constable€and€the€District€Public€Prosecutor.€Š @  ŠĢ4.14€The€author€has€further€pointed€out€that€he,€his€brother€and€six€named€witnesses€were€notŠ  p  Šinterviewed€by€the€police.€The€State€party€argues€that€the€statements,€if€they€had€been€made,€couldŠ `  Šnot€be€considered€as€falling€within€section€266b€of€the€Criminal€Code.€This€made€it€unnecessary€toŠ P  Šinterview€the€applicant,€who€had€given€an€account€of€his€understanding€of€the€incident€in€his€writtenŠ š@  Šinformation.€Against€this€background,€the€State€party€considers€that€it€was€equally€unnecessary€toŠ ą0  Šinterview€the€applicant's€brother€and€the€six€witnesses.€Š Š  ŠĢ4.15€The€State€party€finds€that€the€police€did€initiate€a€proper€investigation.€Thus,€article€2€(1)€(d),Š ° Šarticle€5€(e)€(v)€and€article€6€of€the€Convention€have€not€been€violated,€nor€has€article€4€(a).€Š  š ŠĢņņCounsel's€commentsóó€Š €Š ŠĢ5.€In€a€submission€dated€10€January€2000€counsel€argues€that€the€State€party€recognizes€in€itsŠ `° Šresponse€some€of€the€essential€elements€which€gave€rise€to€the€report€by€the€author€to€the€police.€InŠ P  Šprevious€cases€the€Committee€has€stressed€the€need€for€a€thorough€investigation€of€reported€casesŠ @ Šof€racial€discrimination.€As€explained€in€the€initial€submission,€the€police€declined€to€examine€theŠ 0€ Šcase€after€having€interviewed€only€the€two€representatives€of€the€high€school.€In€order€to€fulfil€theŠ  p Šrequirements€of€a€thorough€investigation,€and€in€order€to€verify€whether€the€questions€relating€to€theŠ ` Šexpressions€used€and€their€status€under€Danish€law,€the€police€should€at€least€have€interviewed€theŠ P Šauthor€and/or€the€witnesses.€Š š@ ŠĢņņIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€Committeeóó€Š Š  ŠĢ6.1.€The€State€party€submits€that€Mr.€Ō_ŌK.P.Ō_Ō€did€not€deny€having€called€the€author€and€his€groupŠ °"  Š"monkeys".€It€also€submits€that€Mr.€Ō_ŌO.T.Ō_Ō€did€not€deny€having€said€something€similar.€It€is€alsoŠ  #š! Šestablished€that€these€utterances€were€made€in€the€course€of€a€tense€episode€in€a€school€corridor€andŠ $ą" Šin€the€presence€of€several€witnesses.€Thus,€the€Committee€is€of€the€opinion€that€the€author€wasŠ €%Š # Šinsulted€in€public,€at€least€by€Mr.€Ō_ŌO.T.Ō_ԀРp&Ą!$ ŠĢ6.2.€The€District€Public€Prosecutor€did€not€establish€whether€the€author€had€been€insulted€on€theŠ P( #& Šgrounds€of€his€national€or€ethnic€origin,€in€violation€of€the€provisions€of€article€2,€paragraph€1€(d),Š @)$' Šof€the€Convention.€It€is€the€opinion€of€the€Committee€that€if€the€police€involved€in€the€case€had€notŠ 0*€%( Šdiscontinued€their€investigations,€it€might€have€been€established€whether€the€author€had€indeed€beenŠ  +p&) Šinsulted€on€racial€grounds.€Š ,`'* ŠĢ6.3.€From€information€submitted€by€the€State€party€in€its€fourteenth€periodic€reportŠ š-@), Š(Ō_ŌCERDŌ_Ō/C/362/Add.1),€the€Committee€gathers€that€on€several€occasions€persons€have€been€convictedŠ ° Šby€Danish€courts€for€breaches€of€section€266b€of€the€Criminal€Code€for€insulting€or€degradingŠ  š Šstatements€similar€to€the€ones€uttered€in€the€present€case.€Therefore,€the€Committee€does€not€shareŠ ą Šthe€opinion€of€the€State€party€that€the€statements€in€question€do€not€fall€within€section€266b€of€theŠ €Š ŠCriminal€Code.€Š pĄ ŠĢ6.4.€Owing€to€the€failure€of€the€police€to€continue€their€investigations,€and€the€final€decision€of€theŠ P   ŠPublic€Prosecutor€against€which€there€was€no€right€of€appeal,€the€author€was€denied€any€opportunityŠ @  Što€establish€whether€his€rights€under€the€Convention€had€been€violated.€From€this€it€follows€that€theŠ 0 € Šauthor€has€been€denied€effective€protection€against€racial€discrimination€and€remedies€attendantŠ  p  Šthereupon€by€the€State€party.€Š `  ŠĢ7.€The€Committee€considers€that€the€author€has€established€a€prima€facie€case€for€the€purpose€ofŠ š@  Šadmissibility.€It€also€considers€that€the€conditions€for€admissibility€have€been€satisfied.€It€thereforeŠ ą0  Šdecides,€under€rule€91€of€its€rules€of€procedure,€that€the€communication€is€admissible.€Š Š  ŠĢ8.€As€for€the€merits,€the€Committee€considers€that,€in€the€light€of€the€above€findings,€the€facts€asŠ ° Špresented€constitute€a€violation€of€article€6€of€the€Convention.€Š  š ŠĢ9.€The€Committee€recommends€to€the€State€party€to€ensure€that€the€police€and€the€public€prosecutorsŠ €Š Šproperly€investigate€accusations€and€complaints€related€to€acts€of€racial€discrimination€which€shouldŠ pĄ Šbe€punishable€by€law€according€to€article€4€of€the€Convention.€Š `° ŠĢĢņņNotesóóŠ 0€ ŠĢą  ą1/€€See€opinions€adopted€by€the€Committee€in€Ō_ŌL.K.Ō_Ō€v.€the€NetherlandsŠ ` Š(Ō_ŌCERDŌ_Ō/C/42/D/4/1991),€Ō_ŌYilmazŌ_Ō-Ō_ŌDoganŌ_Ō€v.€the€Netherlands€(Ō_ŌCERDŌ_Ō/C/36/D/1/1984)€and€Ō_ŌHabassiŌ_Ō€v.Š P ŠDenmark€(Ō_ŌCERDŌ_Ō/C/54/D/10/1997).