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Uruguay, Communication No. 9/1977 (26 October 1979), U.N426 October 1979), U.N"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(©2]F$££Ý ƒU¾!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XvoXXXÔÔ€XvoXXXvoÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(ŽU¾$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€Xv³XXXÔÔ€Xv³XXXv³Ô˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularXI{û* Äpì*ê:i¢Ø+00ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒU¾!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XvoXXXÔÔ€XvoXXXvoÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔValcadaÔ_Ô€v.€UruguayóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€9/1977Ð H˜ ÐÌ26€October€1979Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€Ô_ÔEdgardoÔ_Ô€Dante€Ô_ÔSantulloÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔValcadaÔ_Ô€on€20€February€1977€Ð xÈ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimóó:€The€author€Ð D”  ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€Uruguay€Ð ` ÐÌòòDate€of€adoption€of€viewsóó:€26€October€1979€(eighth€session)€óóÐ Ü, ÐÌÓ  ÓÌòòò òViews€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóó€*Ð ŽÞ ÐÓ,ÓÌÌÓ  Ó1.€The€author€of€this€communication€dated€20€February€1977€is€a€Uruguayan€nationalÐ @ Ðresiding€in€Mexico.€He€submitted€the€communication€on€his€own€behalf.€Ð &v ÐÌ2.€The€author€states€that€on€8€September€1976€he€was€arrested€in€the€streets€of€MontevideoÐ òB Ðby€four€police€officers€dressed€in€civilian€clothing€and€taken€to€the€headquarters€of€theÐ Ø( ÐInvestigation€and€Intelligence€Department.€There€he€learned€that€he€was€accused€of€receivingÐ ¾ Ðthe€clandestine€newspaper€Carta.€The€author€described€what€ensued€as€follows:€"On€denyingÐ ¤ô Ðthis,€I€was€hooded€and€forced€to€remain€standing€in€an€unnatural€position€(feet€one€Ô_ÔmetreÔ_ÔÐ Š Ú Ðapart,€body€and€head€very€erect,€arms€stretched€out€and€raised€to€shoulder€level,€in€myÐ p!À  Ðunderwear€and€barefoot€on€a€pile€of€grit);€this€caused€me€intense€muscular€pain.€If€I€wasÐ V"¦! Ðovercome€by€fatigue€and€lowered€my€arms€or€head€or€put€my€legs€a€little€further€together,Ð <#Œ" ÐI€was€beaten€brutally.€This€treatment€was€accompanied€by€punches,€kicks,€insults€and€threatsÐ "$r# Ðof€torturing€my€wife€and€two€children€(aged€six€and€eight)."€He€further€alleges€that€he€wasÐ %X $ Ðnot€given€any€food€and€that€this€situation€lasted€for€three€days.€The€day€after€his€arrest,€onÐ î%>!% Ð9€September€1976,€at€3€a.m.,€his€house€was€thoroughly€searched,€allegedly€without€hisÐ Ô&$"& Ðpermission€and€without€any€warrant.€On€16€September€1976€he€was€transferred€to€theÐ º' #' ÐCentral€Prison€where€he€remained€imprisoned€for€a€further€50€days€in€complete€solitaryÐ  (ð#( Ðconfinement€in€a€cell€measuring€1.2€by€2€Ô_ÔmetresÔ_Ô.€He€was€only€allowed€to€leave€his€cell€15Ð †)Ö$) Ðminutes€in€the€mornings€and€15€minutes€in€the€afternoons.€On€23€October€1976,€he€wasÐ l*¼%* Ðbrought€before€a€military€judge€before€whom€he€maintained€what€he€had€said€previously.€OnÐ R+¢&+ Ð5€November€1976€he€was€again€brought€before€the€military€court,€where€he€was€informedÐ 8,ˆ', Ðthat,€in€the€absence€of€any€reasonable€grounds€for€charging€him€with€an€offence,€he€couldÐ -n(- Ðgo€flee.€The€writer€adds€that€at€no€time,€during€the€50€days€of€his€detention,€was€he€able€toÐ ° Ðcommunicate€with€a€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€counsel€and€that€the€recourse€of€habeas€corpus€was€notÐ –æ Ðapplicable€in€his€case€because€he€was€detained€under€the€"prompt€security€measures".€FinallyÐ |Ì Ðhe€claims€that€he€has€not€received€any€compensation€for€his€imprisonment€and€for€theÐ b² Ðresulting€economic€hardship€suffered€by€his€family.€Ð H˜ ÐÌ3.€On€25€August€1977,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€decided€to€transmit€the€communicationÐ  d Ðto€the€State€party,€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€requesting€informationÐ ú J Ðand€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€admissibility.€Ð à 0 ÐÌ4.€By€letter€dated€27€October€1977,€the€State€party€objected€to€the€admissibility€of€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðcommunication€on€the€ground€that€the€alleged€victim€had€not€exhausted€all€availableÐ ’â  Ðdomestic€remedies,€and€made€the€general€observation€that€every€person€in€the€nationalÐ xÈ  Ðterritory€has€flee€access€to€the€courts€and€public€and€administrative€authorities€and€freedomÐ ^®  Ðto€avail€himself€of€all€the€administrative€and€legal€remedies€available€to€him€under€Uruguay'sÐ D”  Ðinternal€law.€Ð *z  ÐÌ5.€On€1€February€1978,€the€Human€Rights€Committee,€Ð öF ÐÌ(a)€Having€ascertained€that€the€case€concerning€the€alleged€victim€has€not€been€submittedÐ Â Ðto€any€other€international€body,€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ(b)€Being€unable€to€conclude€that,€with€regard€to€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€on€theÐ tÄ Ðbasis€of€the€information€before€it,€there€were€any€further€remedies€which€the€alleged€victimÐ Zª Ðshould€or€could€have€pursued,€Ð @ ÐÌTherefore€decided:€Ð  \ ÐÌ(a)€That€the€communication€was€admissible;€Ð Ø( ÐÌ(b)€That€the€text€of€this€decision€be€transmitted€to€the€State€party,€together€with€the€text€ofÐ ¤ô Ðthe€relevant€documents,€and€to€the€author;€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ(c)€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€party€beÐ V"¦! Ðrequested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal€to€itÐ <#Œ" Ðof€this€decision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,€ifÐ "$r# Ðany,€that€may€have€been€taken€by€it.€Ð %X $ ÐÌ6.€The€time„limit€for€the€State€party's€submission€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€ProtocolÐ Ô&$"& Ðexpired€on€3€September€1978.€More€than€four€months€after€expiry€of€the€six„month€time„Ð º' #' Ðlimit,€the€State€party€submitted€its€explanations,€dated€8€January€1979,€which€consisted€ofÐ  (ð#( Ða€"Review€of€the€rights€of€the€accused€in€cases€before€a€military€criminal€tribunal,€andÐ †)Ö$) Ðdomestic€remedies€available€to€him€for€protecting€and€safeguarding€his€rights€in€the€nationalÐ l*¼%* Ðcourts€of€justice".€It€contained€a€reference€to€the€remedy€of€habeas€corpus€under€article€17Ð R+¢&+ Ðof€the€Constitution,€but€it€did€not€mention€the€fact€that€under€the€Uruguayan€legal€system€theÐ 8,ˆ', Ðremedy€of€habeas€corpus€is€not€applicable€to€persons€arrested€and€detained€under€the€Ô_Ôr6gimeÔ_ÔÐ -n(- ÐÔ_Ôof€prompt€security€measures.€Ð ° ÐÌ7.€On€10€April€1979,€the€Committee€decided€that€the€submission€of€the€State€party€dated€8Ð |Ì ÐJanuary€1979€was€not€sufficient€to€comply€with€the€requirements€of€article€4€(2)€of€theÐ b² ÐOptional€Protocol,€since€it€contained€no€explanations€on€the€merits€of€the€case€underÐ H˜ Ðconsideration€and€requested€the€State€party€to€supplement€its€submission€by€providing,€notÐ . ~ Ðlater€than€six€weeks€from€the€date€of€the€transmittal€of€this€decision€to€the€State€party,Ð  d Ðobservations€concerning€the€substance€of€the€matter€under€consideration.€Ð ú J ÐÌ8.€The€Committee's€decision€of€18€April€1979€was€transmitted€to€the€State€party€on€18€MayÐ Æ   Ð1979.€The€six€weeks€referred€to€therein,€therefore,€expired€on€2€July€1979.€More€than€threeÐ ¬ ü  Ðmonths€after€that€date,€a€response€was€received€from€the€State€party,€dated€9€October€1979.Ð ’â  ÐThe€State€party€informed€that€Mr.€Santullo€Valcada€was€arrested€on€9€September€1976€inÐ xÈ  Ðconnection€with€the€identification€of€persons€acting€as€clandestine€contacts€for€the€proscribedÐ ^®  ÐCommunist€Party.€During€the€inspection€of€his€house,€a€great€amount€of€subversive€materialÐ D”  Ðwas€allegedly€found€and€Mr.€Santullo€was€detained€under€the€"prompt€security€measures".Ð *z  ÐOn€6€November€1976€he€was€released€and€a€few€days€later,€on€25€November,€he€obtainedÐ ` Ðpolitical€asylum€at€the€Embassy€of€Mexico.€It€is€maintained€that,€throughout€the€proceedings,Ð öF Ðall€the€provisions€of€the€internal€legal€order€were€strictly€complied€with.€The€State€party€alsoÐ Ü, Ðreferred€in€its€submission€to€the€r6gime€of€"prompt€security€measures"€describing€some€ofÐ Â Ðits€characteristics.€Under€such€r6gime,€any€person€can€be€arrested€on€grounds€of€a€grave€andÐ ¨ø Ðimminent€danger€to€security€and€public€order;€the€remedy€of€habeas€corpus€is€not€applicable.Ð ŽÞ ÐFurthermore€the€State€party€referred€to€the€domestic€legal€provisions€prohibiting€anyÐ tÄ Ðphysical€maltreatment€in€Uruguay.€Without€going€into€further€details,€the€State€partyÐ Zª Ðsubmitted€that€the€author's€allegations€concerning€violations€of€the€Covenant€wereÐ @ Ðunfounded,€irresponsible€and€unaccompanied€by€the€least€shred€of€evidence€and€that€theyÐ &v Ðaccordingly€did€not€deserve€further€comment.€Ð  \ ÐÌ9.€The€Committee€has€noted€that€the€submissions€by€the€Government€of€Uruguay€of€9Ð Ø( ÐOctober€1979€were€received€after€the€expiry€of€the€time„limit€imposed€by€article€4€(2)€of€theÐ ¾ ÐOptional€Protocol,€and€even€after€the€time„limit€following€the€Committee's€renewed€requestÐ ¤ô Ðof€18€April€1979.€The€Committee€considered€the€present€communication€in€the€light€of€allÐ Š Ú Ðinformation€made€available€to€it€by€the€parties€as€provided€for€in€article€5€(1)€of€the€OptionalÐ p!À  ÐProtocol.€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ10.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€factsÐ "$r# Ðwhich€have€either€been€essentially€confirmed€by€the€State€party€or€are€unrepudiated€orÐ %X $ Ðuncontested€except€for€denials€of€a€general€character€offering€no€particular€information€orÐ î%>!% Ðexplanations:€Edgardo€Dante€Santullo€Valcada€was€arrested€on€8€or€9€September€1976.€HeÐ Ô&$"& Ðwas€brought€before€a€military€judge€on€25€October€1976€and€again€on€5€or€6€November€1976Ð º' #' Ðwhen€he€was€released.€During€his€detention€he€did€not€have€access€to€legal€counsel.€He€hadÐ  (ð#( Ðno€possibility€to€apply€for€habeas€corpus.€Nor€was€there€any€decision€against€him€whichÐ †)Ö$) Ðcould€be€the€subject€of€an€appeal.€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ11.€As€regards€the€allegations€of€ill„treatment,€the€Committee€noted€that€in€hisÐ 8,ˆ', Ðcommunication€the€author€named€the€senior€officers€responsible€for€the€illtreatment€whichÐ -n(- Ðhe€alleged€that€he€received.€The€State€party€has€adduced€no€evidence€that€his€allegations€ofÐ ° Ðilltreatment€have€been€duly€investigated€in€accordance€with€the€laws€to€which€it€drewÐ –æ Ðattention€in€its€submission€of€9€October€1979.€A€refutation€of€these€allegations€in€generalÐ |Ì Ðterms€is€not€enough.€The€State€party€should€investigate€the€allegations€in€accordance€withÐ b² Ðits€laws.€Ð H˜ ÐÌ12.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€acting€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theÐ  d ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€is€of€the€view€that€these€facts,€havingÐ ú J Ðarisen€after€23€March€1976,€disclose€violations€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€andÐ à 0 ÐPolitical€Rights,€in€particular:€Ð Æ   ÐÌ"of€article€9€(4)€because,€habeas€corpus€being€inapplicable€in€his€case,€Santullo€Valcada€wasÐ ’â  Ðdenied€an€effective€remedy€to€challenge€his€arrest€and€detention."€Ð xÈ  ÐÌAs€regards€article€7€of€the€Covenant€the€Committee€cannot€find€that€there€has€not€been€anyÐ D”  Ðviolation€of€this€provision.€In€this€respect€the€Committee€notes€that€the€State€party€has€failedÐ *z  Ðto€show€that€it€had€ensured€to€the€person€concerned€the€protection€required€by€article€2€ofÐ ` Ðthe€Covenant.€Ð öF ÐÌ13.€The€Committee,€accordingly,€is€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligation€toÐ Â Ðtake€immediate€steps€to€ensure€strict€observance€of€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant€and€toÐ ¨ø Ðprovide€effective€remedies€to€the€victim,€including€compensation€in€accordance€with€articleÐ ŽÞ Ð9€(5)€of€the€Covenant.€Ð tÄ ÐÌ_____________Ð @ ÐÌ*/€€€The€text€of€an€individual€opinion€submitted€by€a€Committee€member€is€appended€toÐ  \ Ðthese€views.€Ð òB Ðò òÌÌòòÓ  ÓAppendixóóÐ ¤ô ÐÓ,3Ó€ó óÐ Š Ú ÐÌòòIndividual€opinion€submitted€by€a€member€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee€under€rule€94Ð V"¦! Ð(3)€of€the€Commlttee's€provisional€rules€of€procedure€Ð <#Œ" ÐCommunication€No.€9/1977€óóÐ "$r# ÐÌòòIndividual€opinion€appended€to€the€Committee's€views€at€the€request€of€Mr.€Walter€SurmaÐ î%>!% ÐTarnopolskyóó:€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌAlthough€I€agree€with€the€view€of€the€Committee€that€it€could€not€find€that€there€has€notÐ  (ð#( Ðbeen€any€violation€of€article€7€of€the€Covenant,€[€also€conclude,€for€the€reasons€set€out€inÐ †)Ö$) Ðparagraph€11€of€the€Committee's€views,€that€there€has€been€a€violation€of€article€7€of€theÐ l*¼%* ÐCovenant.€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌThe€following€members€of€the€Committee€associated€themselves€with€the€individual€opinionÐ -n(- Ðsubmitted€by€Mr.€Tarnopolsky:€Mr.€Nejib€Bouziri,€Mr.€Abdoulaye€Dieye,€Mr.€BernhardÐ ° ÐGraefrath,€Mr,€Dejan€JanEa,€Mr.€Waleed€Sadi.€