ÿWPCƒ ¼p f·÷ìÚÚš3Ó_717¥ªù°<,0¿¤`ïsY„}2r6DLôP‡¬=`Œ ø›0ס>?ÈšÆwJ½rÀþ.´E sãW3¿í1]d‘ ›ÇŽÂIè<©¼Eò C-\@ntz_®Gï!®roNüþt9µŠ,B‘Pwn£pém$/Ón,õ+•ñÎq{>O[ñ-¹eˆî­l1õj­¤ÝÏó4óñ¨Ãi63ZFf.\_崗λ yG Ó×ȦÆC®O¢"Ï=VÜñqa}?:®šQ¼ñx÷gE¸;¥·ÿI—UàG&×8åA­-Z|"¶zh”ÉQ+§ “íddÍɨ‰ñ_|N°¿ÜÁ µý"fÌÔ–paìxõ$8tƒÙ¥ °KqvmåŸ"V<$Èâ&ßèÎÍÿø—ÿ¸v¹«°kâáÏÏêÄMˆ]ÛöíÒÏ:Iyí‹[‰»8t9W‘XXSÆÉÍ6ÀÄ‚àKHT¶ŒDñmO;ÏA¾7·.(¤©î{;¼ ïç°DI´¬`j±*—Õ]]Ôìë%"hÃ7ø,°¢Ê×ÐPEsíg’ƒ>^€R.BÃ[)U†yèÁ™ÝyƒÂE±YÈEvÞ}éÆÙÞõ]ŽÝ”̯òaU>z̸ 0µ„ 0<9 0Yu 0_Î 0i- 0P–Ææ 0ᬠ0( D+µ AMà - 0Æ= #Á UNÄ %M(ND^ FwR4Vj mlô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Tshitenge Muteba v. Zaire, Communication No. 124/1982 (30 June 1982) (twenty-second sessio4(twenty-second sessio"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2ªH$££Ý ƒP!ÝÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XeXXXÔÔ€XeXXXeÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(žP$¡¡ÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XtóXXXÔÔ€XtóXXXtóÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularXÛŠô* Äpì*c(„³CorelÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒP!ÝÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XeXXXÔÔ€XeXXXeÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔMutebaÔ_Ô€Ô_Ôv.Ô_Ô€ZaireóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€124/1982Ð H˜ ÐÌ24€July€1984Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:óó€Nina€Ô_ÔMutebaÔ_Ô,€on€behalf€of€her€husband,€Ô_ÔTshitengeÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMutebaÔ_Ô€(alsoÐ xÈ  Ðrepresented€by€John€N.€Humphrey)€and€later€joined€by€Ô_ÔTshitengeÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMutebaÔ_Ô€as€co„author€Ð ^®  ÐÌòòAlleged€victim:€óóÔ_ÔTshitengeÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMutebaÔ_ԀР*z  ÐÌòòState€Party€concerned:€óóZaire€Ð öF ÐÌòòDate€of€communication:€óó30€June€1982€(date€of€initial€letter)€Ð  ÐÌòòDate€of€decision€on€admissibility:€óó25€March€1983óó€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€Covenant€onÐ @ ÐCivil€and€Political€Rights:Ð &v ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€24€July€1984;€Ð òB ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€R.26/123€submitted€to€theÐ ¾ ÐCommittee€by€Nina€and€Ô_ÔTshitengeÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMutebaÔ_Ô€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€InternationalÐ ¤ô ÐCovenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights;€Ð Š Ú ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€authors€of€theÐ V"¦! Ðcommunication€and€noting€that€no€information€has€been€received€from€the€State€partyÐ <#Œ" Ðconcerned;€Ð "$r# ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð î%>!% ÐÌÌòòò òÓ  ÓViews€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóóÐ  (ð#( ÐÓÓÌÌ1.€The€initial€author€of€the€communication€(initial€letter€dated€30€June€1982;€furtherÐ R+¢&+ Ðsubmission€posted€21€September€1982€by€the€author's€legal€representative€John€N.Ð 8,ˆ', ÐHumphrey)€is€Nina€Ô_ÔMutebaÔ_Ô,€a€national€of€Zaire,€at€present€living€in€France,€writing€on€behalfÐ -n(- ÐÔ_Ôof€her€husband,€Tshitenge€Muteba,€a€Zaire€national€born€in€1950,€who€at€the€time€of€theÐ ° Ðsubmission€of€the€communication€was€detained€in€Zaire.€Ð –æ ÐÌ2.1€Nina€Muteba€enclosed€a€copy€of€a€brief€note€from€her€husband,€addressed€to€theÐ b² ÐInternational€Red€Cross€and€received€by€her€in€February€1982.€In€this€note€her€husbandÐ H˜ Ðstated€that€he€had€been€living€in€France€since€1979€as€a€political€refugee€from€Zaire,€that€heÐ . ~ Ðwas€arrested€on€31€October€1981€by€members€of€the€Military€Security€of€Zaire€(G€2)€whenÐ  d Ðarriving€from€Paris€via€Brazzaville€(Congo),€that€he€was€at€that€time€detained€at€the€prisonÐ ú J Ðof€"OUA€II"€in€Kinshasa,€Zaire.€He€further€stated€that€he€had€no€contact€with€the€outsideÐ à 0 Ðworld,€that€he€did€not€receive€visits€and€that€food€was€insufficient.€He€claimed€to€be€aÐ Æ   Ðpolitical€detainee.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ2.2€Nina€Muteba,€in€her€statement,€repeated€the€information€given€by€her€husband,€addingÐ xÈ  Ðthat€he€was€arrested€at€Ngobila€Beach€in€Zaire.€She€also€stated€that€her€husband€had€beenÐ ^®  Ðgranted€political€asylum€in€France€in€June€1980.€Ð D”  ÐÌ2.3€She€further€added€that€she€had€been€informed€by€one€of€her€brothers€and€by€a€formerÐ ` Ðdetainee€that€her€husband€had€been€subjected€to€such€severe€torture€that€he€becameÐ öF Ðunrecognizable€and€that€he€continued€to€be€held€under€inhuman€prison€conditions.€She€statedÐ Ü, Ðthat€the€authorities€of€Zaire€allege€that€documents€and€pamphlets€considered€subversive€wereÐ Â Ðfound€in€her€husband's€luggage.€She€claimed,€however,€that€her€husband€had€not€beenÐ ¨ø Ðcharged€or€brought€before€a€judge.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ2.4€Concerning€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€Nina€Muteba€stated€that€no€such€stepsÐ Zª Ðcould€be€taken€because€her€husband€had€never€been€allowed€to€establish€contact€with€aÐ @ Ðlawyer€or€a€judge,€and€that€no€member€of€his€family€dared€to€do€anything€on€his€behalfÐ &v Ðbecause€they€were€afraid€of€retaliation.€She€mentions€that€all€the€members€of€her€family,€stillÐ  \ Ðliving€in€Zaire,€were€under€house€arrest€and€that€their€mail€was€interfered€with.€She€alsoÐ òB Ðmentions€that€one€of€her€brothers€had€been€arrested€and€subjected€to€torture€on€grounds€ofÐ Ø( Ðhis€relationship€with€the€alleged€victim.€Ð ¾ ÐÌ2.5€Nina€Muteba€stated€that€the€same€matter€was€not€being€examined€under€anotherÐ Š Ú Ðprocedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement.€Ð p!À  ÐÌ2.6€She€claimed€that€her€husband€was€a€victim€of€violations€of€articles€9,€10,€14€and€19€ofÐ <#Œ" Ðthe€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€Ð "$r# ÐÌ3.1€By€its€decision€of€7€July€1982€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ î%>!% Ð,transmitted€the€communication€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure.€to€theÐ Ô&$"& ÐState€party€concerned€requesting€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€question€ofÐ º' #' Ðadmissibility€of€the€communication.€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ3.2€The€State€party€was€further€requested€in€the€decision€to€inform€the€Committee€whetherÐ l*¼%* ÐTshitenge€Muteba€had€been€able€to€contact€a€lawyer€and€whether€he€had€been€brought€beforeÐ R+¢&+ Ða€court,€and€to€transmit€to€the€Committee€any€copies€of€court€decisions€taken€against€Mr.Ð 8,ˆ', ÐMuteba.€Ð -n(- Ї3.3€In€view€of€the€observations€made€by€Mrs.€Muteba€on€the€health€of€her€husband,Ð ° Ðinformation€on€the€state€of€health€of€Mr.€Muteba€was€also€sought€from€the€State€party€andÐ –æ Ðthe€latter€requested€to€ensure€that€Tshitenge€Muteba€received€adequate€medical€care.€Ð |Ì ÐÌ3.4€The€time„limit€for€the€observations€requested€from€the€State€party€under€rule€91€of€theÐ H˜ Ðprovisional€rules€of€procedure€expired€on€13€October€1982.€No€submissions€were€receivedÐ . ~ Ðfrom€the€State€party.€Ð  d ÐÌ4.1€In€a€further€submission€on€behalf€of€Mr.€Muteba€of€21€September€1982,€Mr.€John€N.Ð à 0 ÐHumphrey,€a€British€attorney€appointed€by€Mrs.€Muteba€to€represent€her€husband€before€theÐ Æ   ÐCommittee,€reiterated€and€supplemented€some€of€the€information€already€provided€by€Mrs.Ð ¬ ü  ÐMuteba.€Ð ’â  ÐÌ4.2€He€affirmed,€òòinter€alia,€óóthat€Mr.€Muteba€arrived€in€Brazzaville€(Congo)€on€28€OctoberÐ ^®  Ð1981;€that€"on€or€about€31€October€1981€he€crossed€the€river€Zaire€by€ferry€and€was€arrestedÐ D”  Ðat€the€ferry€terminal€at€Ngobila€Beach€by€members€of€the€Military€Security€(G€2)".€He€statedÐ *z  Ðthat€it€appeared€that€Mr.€Muteba€was€arrested€for€political€reasons€and€accused€of€being€theÐ ` Ðleader€of€the€Popular€and€Democratic€Union€of€the€Congo€(Union€populaire€et€democratiqueÐ öF Ðdu€Congo).€From€the€time€of€his€arrest€until€about€March€1982€he€was€detained€at€the€"OUAÐ Ü, ÐII"€detention€centre.€Mr.€Humphrey€stated€that€his€client's€whereabouts€were€then€unknown.€Ð  ÐÌ4.3€Mr.€Humphrey€stressed€that€because€the€powers€of€the€Military€Security€to€arrest€andÐ ŽÞ Ðdetain€do€not€come€within€the€ambit€of€the€consitutional€and€legal€provisions€of€Zaire,€noÐ tÄ Ðcourt€review€could€be€requested€and€that€therefore€domestic€remedies€did€not€exist€in€theÐ Zª Ðcase€of€Mr.€Muteba.€Ð @ ÐÌ4.4€Mr.€Humphrey€concluded€that€Mr.€Muteba€was€a€victim€of€breaches€by€Zaire€of€articlesÐ  \ Ð2,€7,€9,€14€and€16€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€Ð òB ÐÌ5.€The€submission€from€the€legal€representative€of€Mr.€Muteba€was€transmitted€to€the€StateÐ ¾ Ðparty€for€information€on€17€December€1982.€No€comments€from€the€State€party€wereÐ ¤ô Ðreceived.€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ6.€The€Committee€found,€on€the€basis€of€the€information€before€it,€that€it€was€not€precludedÐ V"¦! Ðby€article€5€(2)€(a)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€from€considering€the€communication.€TheÐ <#Œ" ÐCommittee€was€also€unable€to€conclude€that,€in€the€circumstances€of€the€case,€there€wereÐ "$r# Ðdomestic€remedies€available€to€the€alleged€victim.€Accordingly,€the€Committee€found€thatÐ %X $ Ðthe€communication€was€not€inadmissible€under€article€5€(2)€(b)€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð î%>!% ÐÌ7.€On€25€March€1983€the€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decided:€Ð º' #' ÐÌ1.€That€the€communication€was€admissible;€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ2.€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€the€State€party€be€requestedÐ R+¢&+ Ðto€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal€to€it€of€thisÐ 8,ˆ', Ðdecision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,€if€any,€thatÐ -n(- Ðmay€have€been€taken€by€it;€Ð ° ÐÌ3.€That€the€State€party€be€informed€that€the€written€explanations€or€statements€submitted€byÐ |Ì Ðit€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€must€relate€primarily€to€the€substance€of€theÐ b² Ðmatter€under€consideration.€The€Committee€stressed€that,€in€order€to€fulfil€its€responsibilities,Ð H˜ Ðit€required€specific€responses€to€the€allegations€which€had€been€made,€and€the€State€party'sÐ . ~ Ðexplanations€of€the€actions€taken€by€it.€The€State€party€was€again€requested€to€enclose€copiesÐ  d Ðof€any€court€orders€or€decisions€of€relevance€to€the€matter€under€consideration€and€to€informÐ ú J Ðthe€Committee€whether€the€alleged€victim€had€effective€contacts€with€a€lawyer€and€whetherÐ à 0 Ðhe€had€been€brought€before€a€court;€Ð Æ   ÐÌ4.€That€the€State€party€again€be€requested€to€provide€the€Committee€with€information€aboutÐ ’â  ÐMr.€Muteba's€state€of€health€and€to€ensure€that€Mr.€Muteba€received€adequate€medical€care.€Ð xÈ  ÐÌ8.1€By€a€letter€dated€28€March€1984€Mr.€Tshitenge€Muteba€informed€the€Committee€thatÐ D”  Ðpursuant€to€an€amnesty€of€19€May€1983€he€was€released€from€imprisonment€and€that€heÐ *z  Ðjoined€his€family€in€France€in€August€of€1983.€He€enclosed€a€detailed€report€on€his€detentionÐ ` Ðsubstantiating€the€allegations€made€by€his€wife€and€legal€representative.€Ð öF ÐÌ8.2€With€regard€to€his€arrest€and€subsequent€treatment€he€states,€òòinter€alia:óó€Ð  ÐÌ"I€was€arrested€at€Ngobila€Beach€on€31€October€[1981]€and€taken€to€'G€2',€the€serviceÐ ŽÞ Ðresponsible€for€military€security€...€I€was€interrogated€for€nine€days€...€All€kinds€of€methodsÐ tÄ Ðwere€used€to€torture€me€and€force€me€to€speak.€On€the€first€day€I€was€beaten€up€at€the€'OUA'Ð Zª Ðprison€on€orders€given€by€Mr.€Nsinga,€Mr.€Bolozi€and€Mr.€Seti€and€executed€by€ColonelÐ @ ÐZimbi.€I€was€arrested€in€the€very€early€morning,€when€I€still€had€an€empty€stomach,€so€thatÐ &v Ðby€about€5€p.m.€I€was€hungry€and€tired.€This€was€the€very€time€that€was€chosen€for€the€firstÐ  \ Ðsession€of€interrogation€and€beatings.€Mr.€Zimbi€was€accompanied€by€his€officers€and€byÐ òB Ðordinary€soldiers€who€did€the€dirty€work.€I€was€stripped€and€subjected€for€an€hour€or€moreÐ Ø( Ð(I€don't€know€how€long)€to€a€hail€of€blows€from€cords,€slaps€and€kicks€administered€byÐ ¾ Ðofficers€to€a€solitary€defenceless€individual.€Only€the€Colonel€kept€his€hands€off€me€...€AfterÐ ¤ô Ðthis€session€I€was€taken€back€naked€to€my€cell,€which€they€took€care€to€soak€with€water,€andÐ Š Ú ÐSergeant„Major€Lisha,€a€friend€of€Zimbi's,€assured€me€that€I€would€not€survive€for€more€thanÐ p!À  Ðtwo€days.€He€then€expressed€the€hope€that€I€would€refresh€my€memory€in€my€flooded€cellÐ V"¦! Ðand€would€be€able€to€give€them€all€the€information€they€wanted.Ð <#Œ" ÐÌAfter€this€there€were€mock€executions€...€First€comes€the€mock€execution€in€order€to€extractÐ %X $ Ðconfessions€from€the€prisoner€and€then€the€genuine€execution€once€there€is€no€furtherÐ î%>!% Ðpurpose€in€keeping€him.€The€'typist'€„another€form€of€torture€which€consists€of€squeezing€theÐ Ô&$"& Ðprisoner's€fingers€after€pieces€of€wood€have€been€placed€between€them€„€electric€shocks€andÐ º' #' Ðwithholding€of€food€were€also€used€during€the€interrogation.€Ð  (ð#( ÐÐ ÐAfter€nine€days€of€questioning,€I€was€returned€to€my€cell€„€I€had€been€taken€out€a€few€daysÐ l*¼%* Ðafter€my€arrest€and€transferred€to€a€secret€villa€in€a€rich€area€of€Kinshasa,€where€membersÐ R+¢&+ Ðof€the€various€security€services€came€and€interrogated€me€as€a€committee,€the€celebratedÐ 8,ˆ', ÐCommittee€of€Analysts€which€prepared€a€consolidated€report€for€submission€to€the€NationalÐ -n(- ÐSecurity€Council€(CNS)€that€was€to€meet€to€take€a€decision€on€my€case.€I€would€recall€thatÐ ° Ðthe€National€Security€Council€is€a€body€which€meets€to€deal€with€serious€cases€and€includesÐ –æ Ðthe€President€of€the€Republic€among€its€membership.€Mr.€Seti,€his€special€security€adviser,Ð |Ì Ðco„ordinates€the€activities€of€CNS€...€Ð b² ÐÐ ÐMajor€Buduaga,€who€is€the€legal€adviser€to€Colonel€Bolozi,€the€chief€of€'G€2',€personallyÐ . ~ Ðescorted€me€back€to€the€'OUA€II'€prison.€My€long€struggle€against€death€then€commenced.€Ð  d ÐÌMy€committal€order€specified€my€crime,€namely€an€attack€on€the€internal€and€externalÐ à 0 Ðsecurity€of€the€State.€I€was€accused€of€having€established€a€clandestine€political€party€andÐ Æ   Ðof€having,€while€abroad,€sought€ways€of€changing€the€established€institutions€„€acts€whichÐ ¬ ü  Ðare€provided€for€and€punished€by€death€under€Zairian€law.€However,€they€had€very€littleÐ ’â  Ðevidence.€Special€instructions€were€given€on€how€I€was€to€be€treated:€no€contact€with€theÐ xÈ  Ðoutside€world;€no€family€visits;€solitary€confinement;€lashings€morning,€noon€and€night;€noÐ ^®  Ðfood.€This€special€treatment€is€expected€to€result€in€death€by€torture,€starvation€or€sickness.Ð D”  ÐThe€regime€also€hopes€that€the€prisoner€will€go€mad.€Ð *z  ÐÌHowever,€they€failed€to€take€into€account€the€solidarity€among€the€prisoners€and€theÐ öF Ðdiscontent€among€the€soldiers€of€the€Presidential€guard,€who€are€very€unhappy€with€theirÐ Ü, Ðmaterial€situation.€Some€of€these€soldiers€also€came€to€prison€and€sometimes€shared€my€cell.Ð Â ÐI€did€not€miss€an€opportunity€to€talk€politics€with€them€and€show€them€how€aberrant€it€wasÐ ¨ø Ðto€serve€a€regime€that€expoited€them.€I€established€contact€with€these€young€soldiers,€andÐ ŽÞ Ðtoday€I€have€friends€among€them€who€will€support€me€to€the€end.€Paradoxically,€it€was€theseÐ tÄ Ðyoung€soldiers€who€fed€me€„€very€sporadically,€it€is€true,€but€they€enabled€me€to€survive€...€Ð Zª ÐÌAfter€being€cut€off€from€the€outside€world€for€nine€months,€I€received€visits€from€someÐ &v Ðmembers€of€my€family€without€the€Zairian€authorities'€knowledge,€thanks€to€those€youngÐ  \ Ðsoldiers.€My€relatives€and€I€were€not€able€to€see€each€other,€but€they€brought€me€food€whichÐ òB Ðthe€soldiers€passed€on€to€me.€This€game€of€hide„and„seek€continued€for€the€last€four€monthsÐ Ø( Ðof€my€detention€in€the€'OUA'.€Ð ¾ ÐÌThanks€to€these€contacts,€I€was€able€to€smuggle€out€letters€to€my€wife,€who€had€stayed€inÐ Š Ú ÐEurope,€to€the€French€Embassy€and€to€other€bodies€that€were€already€helping€me.€Ð p!À  ÐÌDuring€my€lengthy€period€of€detention,€the€International€Committee€of€the€Red€Cross€didÐ <#Œ" Ðnot€succeed€in€visiting€me€in€my€place€of€imprisonment,€but€the€Kinshasa€office€receivedÐ "$r# Ðnews€of€me€owing€to€the€help€of€numerous€well„wishers.€Soldiers€of€Mobutu€did€me€a€lotÐ %X $ Ðof€personal€favours.€Whenever€the€ICE€representatives€came€to€see€me€in€prison€I€would€beÐ î%>!% Ðtaken€away€from€the€gaol,€but€the€next€day€they€would€be€informed€of€what€was€going€on.Ð Ô&$"& ÐThe€regime's€official€position€was€that€I€had€been€transferred€to€another€prison,€and€theÐ º' #' Ðconfusion€created€on€this€point€was€long€used€in€order€to€whisk€me€away€quietly€...€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌOn€17€November€1982,€Major€Shaliba,€Security€Officer€for€the€President€of€the€Republic€andÐ l*¼%* ÐCommander€of€the€Battalion€of€Presidential€Bodyguards,€came€to€the€prison€to€carry€out€anÐ R+¢&+ Ðinspection.€When€he€found€that€I€was€still€alive,€he€ordered€that€I€should€be€locked€up€andÐ 8,ˆ', Ðrelieve€myself€in€the€cell.€On€20€November€the€situation€took€a€turn€for€the€worse.€They€hadÐ -n(- Ðapparently€received€instructions€to€execute€me.€At€about€10€a.m.€they€came€and€took€awayÐ ° Ðthe€clothes€with€which€I€had€been€provided€a€few€days€previously€by€a€member€of€myÐ –æ Ðfamily.€I€was€also€deprived€of€the€blanket€which€the€ICE€had€managed€to€send€me€on€a€veryÐ |Ì Ðunofficial€basis€and€was€left€naked€...€Ð b² ÐÌOn€5€February€[1983]€I€was€banished€to€my€native€region,€where€I€remained€in€a€village€atÐ . ~ ÐDemba,€60€kilometres€from€the€town€of€Kananga,€until€19€May€1983,€the€date€of€theÐ  d Ðamnesty.€On€10€June€[1983]€I€left€Kananga€for€Kinshasa€and€arranged€my€return€to€France,Ð ú J Ðwhere€my€wife€and€children€had€been€waiting€for€me€for€two€years."€Ð à 0 ÐÌ9.€The€time„limit€for€the€State€party's€submission€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€ProtocolÐ ¬ ü  Ðexpired€on€6€November€1983.€A€copy€of€Mr.€Muteba's€submission€of€28€March€1984€wasÐ ’â  Ðtransmitted€to€the€State€party€on€24€May€1984€with€an€indication€that€the€Human€RightsÐ xÈ  ÐCommittee€intended€to€conclude€examination€of€the€case€during€its€twenty„second€sessionÐ ^®  Ðin€July€1984.€No€submission€was€received€from€the€State€party.€Ð D”  ÐÌ10.1€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€having€considered€the€present€communication€in€theÐ ` Ðlight€of€all€the€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€authors€as€provided€in€article€5€(1)€ofÐ öF Ðthe€Optional€Protocol,€hereby€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€facts,€which,€in€theÐ Ü, Ðabsence€of€any€submission€from€the€State€party,€are€uncontested.€Ð  ÐÌ10.2€Mr.€Tshitenge€Muteba€was€arrested€on€31€October€1981€by€members€of€the€MilitaryÐ ŽÞ ÐSecurity€of€Zaire€at€Ngobila€Beach,€Zaire,€when€arriving€from€Paris€via€Brazzaville€(Congo).Ð tÄ ÐFrom€the€time€of€his€arrest€until€about€March€1982€he€was€detained€at€the€"OUA€II"€prison.Ð Zª ÐDuring€the€first€nine€days€of€detention€he€was€interrogated€and€subjected€to€various€formsÐ @ Ðof€torture€including€beatings,€electric€shocks€and€mock€executions.€He€was€keptÐ &v Ðincommunicado€for€several€months€and€had€no€access€to€legal€counsel.€After€nine€monthsÐ  \ Ðof€detention€members€of€his€family,€who€did€not€see€him€in€person,€were€allowed€to€leaveÐ òB Ðfood€for€him€at€the€prison.€Although€in€the€prison€register€he€was€charged€with€attemptsÐ Ø( Ðagainst€the€internal€and€external€security€of€the€State€and€with€the€foundation€of€a€secretÐ ¾ Ðpolitical€party,€he€was€never€brought€before€a€judge€nor€brought€to€trial.€After€more€than€aÐ ¤ô Ðyear€and€a€half€of€detention€he€was€granted€amnesty€under€a€decree€of€19€May€1983€andÐ Š Ú Ðallowed€to€return€to€France.€Mr.€Muteba€was€arrested,€detained€and€subjected€to€the€ill„Ð p!À  Ðtreatment€described€above€for€political€reasons,€as€he€was€considered€to€be€an€opponent€ofÐ V"¦! Ðthe€Government€of€Zaire.€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌ11.€In€formulating€its€views€the€Human€Rights€Committee€also€takes€into€account€the€failureÐ %X $ Ðof€the€State€party€to€furnish€any€information€and€clarifications€necessary€for€the€CommitteeÐ î%>!% Ðto€facilitate€its€tasks.€In€the€circumstances,€due€weight€must€be€given€to€the€authors'Ð Ô&$"& Ðallegation.€It€is€implicit€in€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€that€the€State€party€has€theÐ º' #' Ðduty€to€investigate€in€good€faith€all€allegations€of€violation€of€the€Covenant€made€against€itÐ  (ð#( Ðand€its€authorities,€and€to€furnish€to€the€Committee€the€information€available€to€it.€In€noÐ †)Ö$) Ðcircumstances€should€a€State€party€fail€to€duly€investigate€and€to€properly€inform€theÐ l*¼%* ÐCommittee€of€its€investigation€of€allegations€of€ill„treatment€when€the€parson€or€personsÐ R+¢&+ Ðallegedly€responsible€for€the€ill„treatment€are€identified€by€the€author€of€a€communication.Ð 8,ˆ', ÐThe€Committee€notes€with€concern€that,€in€spite€of€its€repeated€requests€and€reminders€andÐ -n(- Ðin€spite€of€the€State€party's€obligation€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€noÐ ° Ðsubmission€whatever€has€been€received€from€the€State€party€in€the€present€case.€Ð –æ ÐÌ12.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theÐ b² ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€these€facts€discloseÐ H˜ Ðviolations€of€the€Covenant,€in€particular:€Ð . ~ ÐÌ„€of€articles€7€and€10,€paragraph€1,€because€Mr.€Tshitenge€Muteba€was€subjected€to€tortureÐ ú J Ðand€not€treated€in€prison€with€humanity€and€with€respect€for€the€inherent€dignity€of€theÐ à 0 Ðhuman€person,€in€particular€because€he€was€held€incommunicado€for€several€months;€Ð Æ   ÐÌ„€of€article€9,€paragraph€3,€because,€in€spite€of€the€charges€brought€against€him,€he€was€notÐ ’â  Ðpromptly€brought€before€a€judge€and€had€no€trial€within€a€reasonable€time;€Ð xÈ  ÐÌ„€of€article€9,€paragraph€4,€because€he€was€held€incommunicado€and€effectively€barred€fromÐ D”  Ðchallenging€his€arrest€and€detention;€Ð *z  ÐÌ„€of€article€14,€paragraph€3€(b)€(c)€and€(d),€because€he€did€not€have€access€to€legal€counselÐ öF Ðand€was€not€tried€without€undue€delay;€Ð Ü, ÐÌ„€of€article€19,€because€he€suffered€persecution€for€his€political€opinions.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ13.€The€Committee,€accordingly,€is€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligation€toÐ tÄ Ðprovide€Mr.€Muteba€with€effective€remedies,€including€compensation,€for€the€violationsÐ Zª Ðwhich€he€has€suffered,€to€conduct€an€inquiry€into€the€circumstances€of€his€torture,€to€punishÐ @ Ðthose€found€guilty€of€torture€and€to€take€steps€to€ensure€that€similar€violations€do€not€occurÐ &v Ðin€the€future.€Ð  \ ÐÌÌÌòòò òÓ  ÓAppendixó óóóÐ ¤ô ÐÓ§_ÓÌÌòòIndividual€opinion€submitted€by€five€members€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee€under€ruleÐ V"¦! Ð94€(3)€of€the€Committee's€provisional€rules€of€procedure€óóÐ <#Œ" ÐÌòòCommunication€No.€124/1982óó€Ð %X $ ÐÌIndividual€opinion€appended€to€the€Committee's€views€at€the€request€of€Messrs.€Aguilar,Ð Ô&$"& ÐCooray,€Ermacora,€Errera€and€Mavrommatis:€Ð º' #' ÐÌIn€our€opinion€the€facts€as€appearing€in€the€file€of€the€communication€are€insufficient€toÐ †)Ö$) Ðsustain€a€finding€of€a€violation€of€article€19€of€the€Covenant.€