ÿWPCN  ¡6èSQ¼ü–Ñ3íé\÷Î_ö˜eŽGÉs¹rÄGÀ…xsÁb%ªyë¥m@CÚZ8t½óìÍYßK•ä%ú9Û¤¨›"S’ü݉u?)JªúÖN§È«æéÄ…Z3ñü†sXñÀ1LoY„âèã´é­}j /ª.ìò(Öëí;7ë|´Ù]pÐÊÃ-žö. Xr6ÜÉ7ŽÿØá6yþô3ºè±h¯Õ¡ÀT;«~í¸&æÞ)¬š.PÕ«°L;Ñzî>5]c»\åQ]1ÑÜ 1[ÝrÌÉ^¦u‚•ŒŽƒÿ©•°³—\ÇtNˆIg'sZðkîpZžP&­ÒRËeP©ù‰EËÐ^’Ws£ìGW«$¬áôút6-÷¶Ú×§®5Ê®B¨«xJÓô±×3•±¶Ú!—DR÷þ€˜PBIÛ’z~Kwëõàu¾9J2÷Œ?´=ëNnf³[€,¯X¨ûcçmŸ­çc(t®ùQ…¦Å‰#ôî¢È3˜Ù‹ôÆ×y-öc OQ'%¶4S üâ}\øÑÍÞùé«U>^¦œ 0nB 0Y° 0_  0ihÆÑ 0Ñ— 0(h D+ AM»  0¶ #ÁÎ UN %Ý Mã (ç N ^  w 4! 5 m7 ô\  `‹&Times New Roman' L.T.K. v. Finland, Communication No. 185/1984 (9 July 1985), U.N. Doc.c."Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   <ÿÿ:Default ParaÔ€ôôôÔÔ€XXXÔ6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(©2;Ì$££Ý ƒ ¥Õ!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XëÈXXXÔÔ€XëÈXXXëÈÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(Ž¥Õ$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X÷0XXXÔÔ€X÷0XXX÷0Ô˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÚØÚÚØÈÚ0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX¨E) è’.)´ëÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ ¥Õ!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€Xù8XXXÔÔ€Xù8XXXù8ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔL.T.K.Ô_Ô€v.€FinlandóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€185/1984Ð H˜ ÐÌ9€July€1985Ð  d ÐÌÌADMISSIBILITYó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€L.€T.€K.€(name€deleted)€undated,€received€on€18€October€1984€Ð xÈ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimóó:€The€author€Ð D”  ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€Finland€Ð ` ÐÌòòDeclared€inadmissibleóó:€9€July€1985€(twenty„fifth€session)€Ð Ü, ÐÌòòDate€of€Communicationóó:€18€October€1984óóÐ ¨ø ÐÌÌÓ  Óò òòòDecision€on€Admissibilityóóó óÐ Zª ÐÓÓÌÌÝ‚ÿÿÿÝÔS_¯ \ÔÓ SÓÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÝ‚ÿÿÿtÝÝ  Ý1.€The€author€of€the€communication€(undated),€received€on€18€October€1984,€is€L.€T.€K.,€aÐ _¯ ÐFinnish€citizen€residing€in€Finland.€He€claims€to€be€a€victim€of€a€breach€by€Finland€ofÐ E• Ðarticles€18€and€19€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€stating€that€hisÐ +{ Ðstatus€as€conscientious€objector€to€military€service€has€not€been€recognized€in€Finland€andÐ a Ðthat€he€has€been€criminally€prosecuted€because€of€his€refusal€to€perform€military€service.€ÝƒÿÿtÆÝŒÐ ÷G ÐŒÓ SÓÝ  ÝÌ2.1.€The€facts,€which€are€not€in€dispute,€are€described€by€the€author€and€the€State€party€asÐ "f  Ðfollows:€On€25€April€1982,€L.€T.€K.€informed€the€competent€authorities€that,€for€seriousÐ ü"L! Ðmoral€considerations€based€on€his€ethical€convictions,€he€was€unable€to€perform€militaryÐ â#2" Ðservice.€Instead€of€military€service,€armed€or€unarmed,€he€offered€to€do€alternative€service.Ð È$ # ÐOn€22€October€1982,€the€Military€Service€Examining€Board€decided€that€it€had€not€beenÐ ®%þ $ Ðproved€that€serious€moral€considerations€based€on€an€ethical€conviction€prevented€the€authorÐ ”&ä!% Ðfrom€performing€armed€or€unarmed€military€service€and€ordered€that€he€should€performÐ z'Ê"& Ðarmed€service.€The€author€appealed€to€the€Ministry€of€Justice,€which,€by€a€decision€of€21Ð `(°#' ÐJanuary€1983,€ordered€him€to€perform€unarmed€military€service.€On€10€June€1983,€he€wasÐ F)–$( Ðcalled€up€for€service.€Upon€arrival€at€his€assigned€military€unit€the€author€refused€to€performÐ ,*|%) Ðany€military€service.€Court€proceedings€were€initiated€against€him€and€the€Ô_ÔValkealaÔ_Ô€DistrictÐ +b&* ÐCourt€sentenced€him€on€9€August€1983€to€nine€months'€imprisonment€for€refusal€to€performÐ ø+H'+ Ðcompulsory€military€service.€The€author€then€appealed€to€the€Kouvola€Court€of€Appeal,Ð Þ,.(, Ðwhich€upheld€the€decision€of€the€District€Court€on€11€September€1984.€The€Supreme€CourtÐ Ä-)- Ðrejected€his€application€for€permission€to€appeal€on€30€November€1984.€Ð ° ÐÌ2.2.€In€the€mean€time,€the€author€had€again,€on€20€February€and€10€June€1983,€informed€theÐ |Ì Ðauthorities€of€his€ethical€convictions€and€of€his€desire€to€perform€only€alternative€service.Ð b² ÐThe€Examining€Board,€however,€decided€on€1€'July€1983€that€it€had€not€received€sufficientÐ H˜ Ðproof€of€his€convictions.€The€author€then€appealed€to€the€Ministry€of€Justice,€which€againÐ . ~ Ðordered€him,€on€13€September€1983,€to€perform€unarmed€service.€An€application€was€filedÐ  d Ðby€the€author€with€the€Supreme€Administrative€Court,€alleging€that€a€procedural€fault€hadÐ ú J Ðbeen€made€by€the€Military€Service€Examining€Board.€On€6€June€1984,€the€SupremeÐ à 0 ÐAdministrative€Court€declared€the€application€inadmissible€and€referred€the€matter€to€theÐ Æ   ÐMinistry€of€Justice,€where€it€is€pending€for€consideration.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ2.3.€On€16€September€1983,€the€author€became€30€years€old.€Paragraph€2€of€article€3€of€theÐ xÈ  ÐUnarmed€and€Alternative€Service€Act€No.€132/69€provides€that€a€man€who€has€been€orderedÐ ^®  Ðto€perform€unarmed€military€service€or€alternative€service€and€has€not€entered€the€serviceÐ D”  Ðbefore€reaching€the€age€of€30€is€thereafter€not€obligated€to€do€so.€As€a€consequence,€after€aÐ *z  Ðperson€has€reached€the€age€of€30,€ethical€conviction€cannot€be€examined€by€the€MilitaryÐ ` ÐService€Examining€Board€or€by€any€other€public€authority.€Ð öF ÐÌ3.€1.€The€author€further€argues€that€the€application€of€an€age€limit€to€alternative€service€nowÐ Â Ðprevents€him€from€substituting€military€service€by€alternative€service€and€makes€him€aÐ ¨ø Ðvictim€of€discrimination€on€the€basis€of€age.€If,€however,€the€Examining€Board€would€re„Ð ŽÞ Ðexamine€his€case€and€recognize€his€ethical€convictions,€he€believes€that€he€would€beÐ tÄ Ðpardoned.€Ð Zª ÐÌ3.2.€The€author€states€that€his€case€has€not€been€submitted€to€another€procedure€ofÐ &v Ðinternational€investigation€or€settlement.€Ð  \ ÐÌ4.1.€By€its€decision€of€22€October€1984,€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€RightsÐ Ø( ÐCommittee€transmitted€the€communication€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€ofÐ ¾ Ðprocedure€to€the€State€party€concerned,€requesting€information€and€observations€relevant€toÐ ¤ô Ðthe€question€of€admissibility€of€the€communication.€The€State€party€was€also€requested€toÐ Š Ú Ðprovide€the€Committee€with€copies€of€any€court€orders€or€decisions€relevant€to€this€case.€Ð p!À  ÐÌ4.2.€In€its€reply,€dated€28€January€1985,€the€State€party€did€not€raise€objections€to€theÐ <#Œ" Ðadmissibility€of€the€communication.€It€indicated€specifically€that€the€author€had€exhaustedÐ "$r# Ðavailable€domestic€remedies€in€the€matter€complained€of,€as€required€under€article€5,Ð %X $ Ðparagraph€2€(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€As€requested,€the€State€party€provided€theÐ î%>!% ÐCommittee€with€copies€of€the€relevant€administrative€and€judicial€decisions.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ4.3.€With€regard€to€the€question€of€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€State€partyÐ  (ð#( Ðobserved,€inter€alia:€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌAs€regards€the€prison€sentence€passed€by€the€Ô_ÔValkealaÔ_Ô€District€Court,€L.€T.€K.€has€exhaustedÐ R+¢&+ Ðall€available€domestic€remedies.€He€could€still€seek€the€annulment€of€the€court€decision€byÐ 8,ˆ', Ðbringing€the€case€to€the€Supreme€Court€but,€taking€into€account€that€the€Supreme€Court€hasÐ -n(- Ðalready€once€considered€the€case.€this€extraordinary€remedy€is€unlikely€to€be€effective€....€Ð ° ÐÌArticle€5€of€the€Unarmed€and€Alternative€Service€Act€No.€132/69€provides€that€an€order€toÐ |Ì Ðperform€such€service€is€given€by€the€Military€Service€Examining€Board.€According€to€articleÐ b² Ð6€of€the€Act€the€order€can€be€appealed€to€the€Ministry€of€Justice.€A€decision€by€the€MinistryÐ H˜ Ðis€not€subject€to€appeal,€which€must€be€stated€in€the€decision.€Such€a€statement€appeared€inÐ . ~ Ðthe€texts€of€the€Ministry's€decisions€of€21€January€1983€and€13€September€1983.Ð  d ÐConsequently€L.€T.€K.€had€no€further€ordinary€remedies€available.€According€to€the€Act€onÐ ú J ÐExtraordinary€Remedies€in€Administrative€Affairs€No.€200/66€L.€T.€K.€could€still€haveÐ à 0 Ðsought€the€annulment€of€the€Ministry's€decision€and€thereby€brought€about€a€change€in€hisÐ Æ   Ðsituation.€The€alleged€procedural€fault€by€the€Examining€Board,€referred€to€the€Ministry€ofÐ ¬ ü  ÐJustice€by€the€Supreme€[Administrative]€Court,€is€pending.€it€would.€however,€seemÐ ’â  Ðunreasonable€to€require€that€these€extraordinary€remedies€be€taken€into€account€whenÐ xÈ  Ðconsidering€the€question€of€admissibility€under€article€5€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€TheÐ ^®  Ðconclusion,€therefore,€is€that€all€available€domestic€remedies€within€the€meaning€of€articleÐ D”  Ð5€(2)€(b)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€have€been€exhausted€with€respect€to€the€decisions€by€theÐ *z  ÐMilitary€Service€Examining€Board.€Ð ` ÐÌ5.1.€Before€considering€any€claims€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€RightsÐ Ü, ÐCommittee€shall,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€decideÐ Â Ðwhether€or€not€it€is€admissible€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ5.2.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€observes€in€this€connection€that,€according€to€the€author'sÐ tÄ Ðown€account€he€was€not€prosecuted€and€sentenced€because€of€his€beliefs€or€opinions€as€such,Ð Zª Ðbut€because€he€refused€to€perform€military€service.€The€Covenant€does€not€provide€for€theÐ @ Ðright€to€conscientious€objection;€neither€article€18€nor€article€19€of€the€Covenant,€especiallyÐ &v Ðtaking€into€account€paragraph€3€(c)€(ii)€of€article€8,€can€be€construed€as€implying€that€right.Ð  \ ÐThe€author€does€not€claim€that€there€were€any€procedural€defects€in€the€judicial€proceedingsÐ òB Ðagainst€him,€which€themselves€could€have€constituted€a€violation€of€any€of€the€provisionsÐ Ø( Ðof€the€Covenant,€or€that€he€was€sentenced€contrary€to€law.€Ð ¾ ÐÌ6.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€after€careful€examination€of€the€communication,Ð Š Ú Ðconcludes€that€the€facts€which€have€been€submitted€by€the€author€in€substantiation€of€hisÐ p!À  Ðclaim€do€not€raise€an€issue€under€any€of€the€provisions€of€the€International€Covenant€on€CivilÐ V"¦! Ðand€Political€Rights.€Accordingly,€the€claim€is€incompatible€with€the€provisions€of€theÐ <#Œ" ÐCovenant.€Ð "$r# ÐÌ7.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decides:€Ð î%>!% ÐÌThe€communication€is€inadmissible.€Ð º' #' ÐÓºÓ