ÿWPCå ß~7’ ýÌÞ~kÝôþ=2Qý•[¦Å¢0}‰dçŠÈ7‰„ )€RæïO`ƒ«À¥ ¼¾ý úGo…4áÐòvÞ;ï¼ú!4OŒíÆs(mó%3Ò×+½ÓÕ{ô B|D5RoÇsr¶‘Æì¿&| ¬Ñêá¾$/ßI[›¡~7U» ´XKð%Ø}kÀwþÕj€Z/`Á*G§ÿÔCT¡¢…GdµŸ§ãûna÷ãVg–ašüKhÇ€¦[³´®±| bA”…×ʃsì\A QQ`}T£ ÿáñ?îÇÕ´¡­ÅÿU¤À\+õ¡(¥ŸB‹|¶øËRø'ž¦DÒ^ ;¾?×Û)ŒyŒhÕíŽý'tÝY:±fY|½ÎÌ ­&—ÓñŠm^þó¡Æ!7…CëÃ#æ?8ÁbXX½B™æa˜ÄåÖÂßuý£Ðs*ñÛ6I-%o¼/P„BƒŸˆÌÆ 0µ’ 0<G 0Yƒ 0_Ü 0i; 0P¤ 0TôÆH 0á 0(ï D+ AMB  0ÆŸ #Áe UN& %tMz(~N¦^ ¨w´4¸Ì mÎô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Nqalula Mpandanjila et al. v. Zaire, Communication No. 138/1983 (26 March 1986), U.N. Doc.4arch 1986), U.N. Doc."Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô4ÿÿ2EmphasisòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2Q$££Ý ƒ¶n!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XªoXXXÔÔ€XªoXXXªoÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(ž¶n$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X³sXXXÔÔ€X³sXXX³sÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX‹ô* Äpì*c(„³CorelÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ¶n!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XªoXXXÔÔ€XªoXXXªoÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔMpandanjilaÔ_Ô€et€al.€v.€ZaireóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€138/1983Ð H˜ ÐÌ26€March€1986Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:€óóÔ_ÔNqalulaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMpandanjilaÔ_Ô€òòet€al.€óó(represented€by€Maitres€Eric€Ô_ÔVerqauwenÔ_Ô€andÐ xÈ  ÐRobert„Charles€Ô_ÔGoffinÔ_Ô)€Ð ^®  ÐÌòòAlleged€victims:óó€Ô_ÔNqalulaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMpandanjilaÔ_Ô€òòet€al.óó€Ð *z  ÐÌòòState€party€concerned:óó€Zaire€Ð öF ÐÌòòDate€of€communication:€óó3€March€1983€(date€of€initial€letter)€Ð  ÐÌòòDate€of€decision€on€admissibility:€óó9€July€1985óó€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€Covenant€onÐ @ ÐCivil€and€Political€Rights:€Ð &v ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€26€March€1986;€Ð òB ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€138/1983€submitted€to€theÐ ¾ ÐCommittee€by€Ô_ÔNqalulaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMpandanjilaÔ_Ô€òòet€al.€óóunder€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€InternationalÐ ¤ô ÐCovenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights;€Ð Š Ú ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€authors€of€theÐ V"¦! Ðcommunication€and€noting€that€no€information€has€been€received€from€the€State€partyÐ <#Œ" Ðconcerned;€Ð "$r# ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð î%>!% ÐÌÌòòò òÓ  ÓViews€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóóÐ  (ð#( ÐÓÒÓÌÌ1€The€communication€was€initially€submitted€to€the€Human€Rights€Committee€by€twoÐ R+¢&+ ÐBelgian€lawyers,€Eric€Ô_ÔVerqauwenÔ_Ô€and€Robert„Charles€Ô_ÔGoffinÔ_Ô€(initial€letter€of€March€1983)Ð 8,ˆ', Ðon€behalf€of€their€13€Ô_ÔZairianÔ_Ô€clients,€Messrs.€Ô_ÔNqalulaÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔTshiseÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔMakandaÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔKapitaÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔKyunquÔ_Ô,Ð -n(- ÐÔ_ÔLumbu,€Kanana,€Kasala,€Lusanqa,€Dia,€Nqoy€and€Kibassa,€former€Zairian€members€ofÐ ° Ðparliament,€and€Mr.€Birindwa,€a€Zairian€businessman.€At€the€time€of€the€initial€submissionÐ –æ Ð(3€March€1983),€all€13€individuals€were€detained€in€various€prisons€in€Zaire€and€wereÐ |Ì Ðallegedly€unable€to€present€their€cases€to€the€committee€themselves.€As€evidence€of€theirÐ b² Ðauthority€to€act,€the€lawyers€furnished€copy€of€a€letter,€dated€2€September€1982,€signed€byÐ H˜ Ðthe€wives€of€the€12€former€parliamentarians,€requesting€them€to€submit€the€cases€of€theirÐ . ~ Ðhusbands€to€the€Human€Rights€Committee.€The€lawyers'€submissions€further€show€that€theyÐ  d Ðalso€represented€the€thirteenth€alleged€victim,€the€businessman€Mr.€Birindwa,€in€connectionÐ ú J Ðwith€the€steps€taken€to€exhaust€remedies€before€the€domestic€courts,€prior€to€the€submissionÐ à 0 Ðof€the€communication€to€the€Human€Rights€Committee€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theÐ Æ   ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ2.1€The€facts,€as€described€by€the€lawyers€in€the€initial€and€further€submissions€are€asÐ xÈ  Ðfollows:€in€1980,€the€parliamentarians€sent€an€"open€letter"€to€President€Mobutu,€which€wasÐ ^®  Ðsubsequently€held€by€the€Central€Committee€of€the€Mouvement€populaire€de€la€revolutionÐ D”  Ð(MPR)€to€be€grossly€improper€both€in€form€and€content.€In€consequence,€the€Party€strippedÐ *z  Ðthem€of€their€membership€of€parliament€and€deprived€them€of€their€civil€and€political€rights,Ð ` Ðincluding€their€right€to€hold€public€office,€for€a€period€of€five€years,€with€some€of€them€beingÐ öF Ðsubjected,€as€of€December€1980,€to€detention;€or€house€arrest,€or€an€administrative€banningÐ Ü, Ðmeasure,€the€effect€of€which€was€to€relocate€them€to€a€distant€region€against€their€will.Ð Â ÐAlthough€these€latter€measures€were€the€subject€of€a€decree€of€amnesty€of€17€January€1981,Ð ¨ø Ðthe€amnesty€did€not€become€effective€until€4€December€1981,€at€which€time€the€individualsÐ ŽÞ Ðconcerned€were€able€to€return€to€their€homes.€Ð tÄ ÐÌ2.2€During€February€1982,€while€the€former€parliamentarians€were€negotiating€withÐ @ Ðrepresentatives€of€the€President€of€Zaire€concerning€the€establishment€of€a€new€politicalÐ &v Ðparty,€the€Union€pour€la€democratie€et€le€proqres€social€(UDPS),€seven€of€them€were€arrestedÐ  \ Ðand€subsequently€all€12€were€brought€to€trial€before€the€State€Security€Court€on€charges€ofÐ òB Ðplotting€to€overthrow€the€regime€and€planning€to€establish€a€political€party.€TheÐ Ø( Ðbusinessman,€Mr.€Birindwa,€was€also€brought€to€trial€before€the€State€Security€Court€onÐ ¾ Ðcharges€of€having€secreted€documents€concerning€the€establishment€of€UDPS.€Ð ¤ô ÐÌ2.3€The€trial€of€the€13€accused€took€place€on€28€June€1982.€On€1€July€1982,€they€wereÐ p!À  Ðsentenced€to€15€years'€imprisonment,€with€the€exception€of€Mr.€Birindwa,€who€wasÐ V"¦! Ðsentenced€to€5€years'€imprisonment.€The€two€lawyers,€who€assisted€their€defence€at€the€trial,Ð <#Œ" Ðalleged€that€due€process€of€law€had€not€been€observed€by€the€magistrates€(three€accused€wereÐ "$r# Ðnot€heard€at€the€pre„trial€stage,€no€summonses€were€served€on€two€others,€the€trial€was€notÐ %X $ Ðheld€in€public,€etc.).€Ð î%>!% ÐÌ2.4€On€7€July€1982,€the€lawyers€filed€appeals€with€the€Supreme€Court€of€Justice€òò(pourvoi€enÐ º' #' Ðcassation)€óóon€behalf€of€their€clients€against€the€judgement€of€1€July€1982.€By€a€decision€ofÐ  (ð#( Ð26€October€1982€òò(ordonnance€de€.classement€sans€suite),€óóthe€Supreme€Court€declined€toÐ †)Ö$) Ðconsider€the€appeals,€because€the€court€fees€had€not€been€paid.€In€this€connection,€theÐ l*¼%* Ðlawyers€point€out€that€they€had€taken€steps€to€ensure€that€the€requirement€of€payment€of€theÐ R+¢&+ Ðcourt€fees€be€complied€with.€They€state€that,€since€their€clients€were€scattered€among€severalÐ 8,ˆ', Ðdetention€centres€and€it€was€impossible€to€communicate€with€them,€a€Zairian€lawyer,€MaitreÐ -n(- ÐMukendi,€òòbatonnier€óóof€Kinshasa,€was€asked€to€carry€out€the€necessary€formalities€forÐ ° Ðdepositing€the€fees.€By€a€letter€dated€15€September€1982,€they€urged€Maitre€Mukendi€toÐ –æ Ðcontact€Mrs.€Birindwa€(the€wife€of€one€of€the€alleged€victims),€who€was€supposed€to€collectÐ |Ì Ðthe€necessary€funds.€At€the€same€time,€they€wrote€to€the€Chief€Justice€of€the€Supreme€CourtÐ b² Ðto€inform€the€Court€of€the€Steps€taken€to€comply€with€the€necessary€formalities.€It€laterÐ H˜ Ðtranspired€that€Mrs.€Birindwa€had€not€been€in€Kinshasa€at€the€time€in€Question€and€that€theÐ . ~ Ðintended€collection€and€payment€of€the€court€fees€had€not€been€made.€The€lawyers€contend,Ð  d Ðhowever,€that€the€efforts€made€to€comply€with€the€formalities,€although€unsuccessful,€shouldÐ ú J Ðbe€considered€as€satisfactory,€in€particular€as€the€decision€not€to€take€action€on€the€appealsÐ à 0 Ðwas€taken€relatively€shortly€after€the€Supreme€Court€was€informed€of€the€efforts€being€madeÐ Æ   Ðto€collect€and€deposit€the€court€fees.€They€submit€that,€since€the€decision€of€the€SupremeÐ ¬ ü  ÐCourt€not€to€consider€the€appeals€could€not€be€challenged€under€Zairian€law,€domesticÐ ’â  Ðremedies€had€been€exhausted€within€the€meaning€of€article€5,€paragraph€2€(b),€of€theÐ xÈ  ÐOptional€Protocol.€They€further€point€out€in€this€context€that€under€article€33€of€the€Code€ofÐ ^®  ÐProcedure€for€the€Supreme€Court€of€Justice,€the€President€of€the€Court€could€have€waivedÐ D”  Ðthe€deposit.€Ð *z  ÐÌ2.5€At€this€stage€in€the€presentation€of€the€communication,€the€lawyers€alleged€if€the€StateÐ öF Ðparty€had€violated€a€number€of€articles€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€PoliticalÐ Ü, ÐRights,€as€follows:€Ð  ÐÌArticle€14.€The€Central€Committee€of€MPR,€which€was€not€an€independent€and€impartialÐ ŽÞ Ðtribunal,€took€disciplinary€measures€of€a€penal€character€against€the€parliamentarians;€theÐ tÄ ÐState€Security€Court,€which€rendered€the€judgement€of€1€July€1982,€was€also€not€anÐ Zª Ðindependent€and€impartial€tribunal€since€its€judges€were€members€of€MPR;€the€trial€was€notÐ @ Ðheld€in€public;€no€summonses€were€served€on€two€of€the€accused}€and€in€three€cases€theÐ &v Ðaccused€were€not€heard€at€the€pro„trial€stage;€Ð  \ ÐÌArticle€19.€The€parliamentarians€were€punished€solely€because€of€their€opinions;€Ð Ø( ÐÌArticle€22.€The€criminal€proceedings€before€the€State€Security€Court€resulted€from€theÐ ¤ô Ðdefendants'€attempts€to€establish€a€political€party€(a€right€implicit€in€the€right€to€freedom€ofÐ Š Ú Ðassociation);€Ð p!À  ÐÌArticle€15.€The€order,€issued€by€the€Central€Committee€of€MPR,€to€strip€the€parliamentariansÐ <#Œ" Ðof€their€parliamentary€mandate€was€based€on€internal€regulations€adopted€only€on€7€JanuaryÐ "$r# Ð1981,€i.e.,€after€the€date€of€the€alleged€offece€„€the€sending€of€the€"open€letter"€„€whichÐ %X $ Ðoccurred€in€1980;€Ð î%>!% ÐÌArticles€9€and€12.€The€measures€of€arrest,€internal€exile€or€house€arrest€to€which€theÐ º' #' Ðparliamentarians€were€subjected€in€December€1980€continued€until€4€December€1981,Ð  (ð#( Ðalthough€an€amnesty€had€been€decreed€on€17€January€1981,€and€therefore€constitutedÐ †)Ö$) Ðarbitrary€arrests€and€detentions;€these€measures€were€also€contrary€to€the€provisions€of€articleÐ l*¼%* Ð12,€paragraph€1;€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌArticles€7€and€10.€The€alleged€victims€were€subjected€to€ill„treatment€in€detention.€Ð -n(- Ї2.6€By€a€letter€dated€23€June€1983,€the€lawyers€informed€the€Human€Rights€Committee€thatÐ ° Ðthe€alleged€victims€had€all€benefited€from€a€new€amnesty€decree,€romulgated€on€21€MayÐ –æ Ð1983.€They€therefore€asked€that€consideration€of€the€communication€be€suspended€to€allowÐ |Ì Ðthem€time€to€contact€their€clients€for€further€instructions.€Consideration€of€theÐ b² Ðcommunication€was,€accordingly,€suspended€temporarily.€Ð H˜ ÐÌ2.7€By€a€letter€dated€9€January€1984,€the€lawyers€requested€the€Committee€to€resumeÐ  d Ðconsideration€of€the€communication.€As€to€the€developments€after€the€amnesty€of€May€1983,Ð ú J Ðthey€stated€that€the€Ý‚ ÿÿÿÝòòÔÔÝ  ÝPresident€Ý‚ ÿÿÿ.ƒÝóóÔÔÝ  Ýhad€adopted€"an€administrative€banning€measure"€against€theirÐ à 0 Ðclients€and€that€they€had€been€deported€along€with€their€families€to€different€parts€of€theÐ Æ   Ðcountry.€They€further€conveyed€the€concern€of€their€clients'€family€members€living€inÐ ¬ ü  ÐBelgium,€who€had€been€unable€to€contact€the€alleged€victims€since€the€deportation.€Ð ’â  ÐÌ2.8€By€a€letter€dated€24€January€1984,€the€lawyers€reiterated€their€request€that€considerationÐ ^®  Ðof€the€communication€be€resumed,€alleging€that€the€current€situation€of€their€clientsÐ D”  Ðconstituted€a€violation€by€the€State€party€of€article€9€of€the€Covenant.€In€substantiation,€theyÐ *z  Ðenclosed€a€copy€of€a€letter€of€25€December€from€Mrs.€Ngalula,€the€wife€of€one€of€the€allegedÐ ` Ðvictims,€describing€the€situation€c€some€of€the€alleged€victims.€She,€however,€mentioned€thatÐ öF Ðtwo€of€the€lawyers'€clients,€namely€Mr.€Ngoy€Mukendi€and€Mr.€Kapita€Shabangi,€hadÐ Ü, Ðrejoined€the€government€party€(MPR)€and€that€they€were€now€working€for€that€party.€Ð  ÐÌ2.9€In€a€further€letter,€dated€19€June€1984,€the€lawyers€stated€that€the€banning€order€againstÐ ŽÞ Ðtheir€clients,€being€of€a€purely€administrative€nature,€could€not€subject€to€any€judicial€controlÐ tÄ Ðand€that€the€deprivation€of€liberty€of€their€clients€constituted€violations€by€the€State€party€ofÐ Zª Ðarticles€9€and€12€of€the€Covenant.€In€substantiation,€they€enclosed€a€copy€of€a€letterÐ @ Ðaddressed€to€them€18€June€1984€by€Mrs.€Marie„Claire€Ngalula„Mbomba,€the€eldest€daughterÐ &v Ðof€the€alleged€victim€Ngalula€Mpandanjila,€describing€the€situation€as€follows:€Ð  \ ÐÌ"As€soon€as€he€was€arrested€and€banned€to€the€village€of€Tshilunde,€my€father€was€joinedÐ Ø( Ðby€the€rest€of€his€family,€who€had€also€been€arrested€and€forcibly€brought€to€the€sameÐ ¾ Ðvillage.€The€banned€family€members€include€children€still€of€elementary„school€age,Ð ¤ô Ðadolescent€boys€and€girls€who€are€~€prevented€from€continuing€their€studies,€and€marriedÐ Š Ú Ðbrothers€who€are€heads€families€and€whose€wives€have€been€left€at€Kinshasa€alone€withÐ p!À  Ðsmall€children€and€without€any€means€of€support.€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ"All€the€news€that€has€reached€me€gives€evidence€of:€Ð "$r# ÐÌ"'Deprivation€of€the€minimum€needed€to€live.€They€are€not€allowed€to€obtain€the€money€theyÐ î%>!% Ðneed€for€their€survival€or€for€their€housing,€and€no€one,€not€even€a€member€of€the€family,€isÐ Ô&$"& Ðallowed€to€help€them;€Ð º' #' ÐÌòò'Total€deprivation€of€medical€attention.€óóThey€are€therefore€at€the€met€of€all€kinds€of€diseasesÐ †)Ö$) Ðand€are€the€ideal€targets€of€malnutrition.€The€closest€town€is€65€kilometres€from€the€placeÐ l*¼%* Ðto€which€they€have€been€exiled.€There€is€no€road€infrastructure€for€rapidly€evacuating€theÐ R+¢&+ Ðsick€in€case€of€need;€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- Ðòò"Deprivation€of€liberty.€óóVictims€of€an€arbitrary€banning€measure,€they€are€deprived€of€libertyÐ ° Ðeven€within€the€locality.€A€large€security€force€ha€been€installed€all€around€the€locality€toÐ –æ Ðprevent€any€contact€with€the€outside.€The€inhabitants€of€the€village€are€prohibited,€under€painÐ |Ì Ðof€imprisonment,€from€speaking€to€the€banned€persons€(who€are€to€consider€themselves€asÐ b² Ðbeing€in€prison)€even€concerning€problems€connected€with€the€very€administration€of€theÐ H˜ Ðvillage.€The€customary€chief€of€the€village€was€arrested€for€having€allowed€villagers€toÐ . ~ Ðcommunicate€with€the€family€during€the€first€few€days€of€their€exile€to€the€village.€Ð  d ÐÌ"My€father,€who€was€deported€with€17€persons,€is€living€under€conditions€that€could€not€beÐ à 0 Ðmore€precarious.€Most€of€the€children€sleep€on€the€tables€of€the€little€local€market's€stalls,Ð Æ   Ðwhich€they€must€leave€at€dawn€to€make€room€for€the€traders,€while€others€must€make€do€withÐ ¬ ü  Ðsecretly€borrowed€mats€and€cloths€spread€on€the€ground€under€the€open€sky.€Ð ’â  ÐÌ"As€if€all€these€violations€and€humiliations€were€not€enough,€our€main€house€in€Kinshasa€hasÐ ^®  Ðbeen€robbed€and€the€managers€of€businesses€have€been€arrested,€so€as€not€to€leave€anyÐ D”  Ðresources,€however€small,€that€would€enable€them€to€live€'decently'€in€the€place€to€which€theyÐ *z  Ðhave€been€exiled.€Ð ` ÐÌ"I€consider€it€important€to€point€out:€Ð Ü, ÐÌ"That€they€were€covered€by€the€General€amnesty€of€19€May€1983;€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ"That€no€charge€justifies€these€new€measures€against€them€and€still€less€against€smallÐ tÄ Ðchildren;€Ð Zª ÐÌ"That€these€measures€are€not€based€on€any€judicial€decision;€Ð &v ÐÌ"That€is€the€situation€of€my€family€at€this€time;€Ð òB ÐÌ"As€to€the€other€members€of€the€Group€of€Thirteen,€I€can€state€that€their€situation€is€similarÐ ¾ Ðto€that€of€my€family."€Ð ¤ô ÐÌ3.1€Consideration€of€the€communication€was€resumed€at€the€Committee's€twenty„secondÐ p!À  Ðsession€and€on€5€July€1984€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee€decided€thatÐ V"¦! Ðthe€communication€be€transmitted,€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€to€theÐ <#Œ" ÐState€party€concerned,€requesting€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€Question€ofÐ "$r# Ðadmissibility€of€the€communication.€The€Working€Group€also€requested€the€State€party€toÐ %X $ Ðtransmit€to€the€committee€copies€of€any€court€orders€or€decisions€relevant€to€the€case.€Ð î%>!% ÐÌ3.2€The€time„limit€for€the€State€party's€submission€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€ofÐ º' #' Ðprocedure€expired€on€14€October€1984.€At€the€time€of€adoption€f€the€decision€onÐ  (ð#( Ðadmissibility€on€9€July€1985,€no€submission€had€been€received€tom€the€State€party.€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ4.1€Before€deciding€on€the€admissibility€of€the€communication,€the€lawyers€were€asked€toÐ R+¢&+ Ðclarify€for€the€Committee,€which€of€the€initial€13€alleged€victims€still€wished€to€pursue€theÐ 8,ˆ', Ðmatter€before€the€Human€Rights€Committee.€By€a€telegram€dated€26€February€1985,€theÐ -n(- Ðlawyers€stated€that€they€bad€received€no€instructions€from€capita€Shabangi,€Ngoy€Mukendi,Ð ° ÐDid€Oken€and€Kasala€Kalomba,€and€that,€although€they€had€not€been€able€to€contact€theÐ –æ Ðother€petitioners€directly,€they€understood€from€their€friends€and€families€that€it€was€theirÐ |Ì Ðintention€to€pursue€the€matter.€Ð b² ÐÌ4.2€In€the€light€of€the€above€clarification,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€decided€to€continueÐ . ~ Ðconsideration€of€the€communication€with€respect€to€the€cases€of€nine€of€the€initial€13€allegedÐ  d Ðvictims€and€that€Messrs.€Kapita€Shabangi,€Ngoy€Mukendi,€Dia€Oken€and€Kasala€KalombaÐ ú J Ðwere€no€longer€deemed€to€be€parties€to€the€communication.€Ð à 0 ÐÌ5.1€Before€considering€a€communication€on€the€merits,€the€Committee€must€ascertainÐ ¬ ü  Ðwhether€it€fulfils€all€conditions€relating€to€its€admissibility€under€the€Optional€Protocol.€WithÐ ’â  Ðregard€to€article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€Committee€had€not€receivedÐ xÈ  Ðany€information€that€the€subject„matter€had€been€submitted€to€another€procedure€ofÐ ^®  Ðinternational€investigation€or€settlement.€Accordingly,€the€Committee€found€that€theÐ D”  Ðcommunication€was€not€inadmissible€under€article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),€of€the€OptionalÐ *z  ÐProtocol.€Ð ` ÐÌ5.2€Regarding€the€requirement€of€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies€under€article€5,€paragraphÐ Ü, Ð2€(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€Committee€observed€with€regard€to€events€prior€to€26Ð Â ÐOctober€1982€(the€day€on€which€the€Supreme€Court€decided€not€to€take€action€on€the€allegedÐ ¨ø Ðvictims'€appeals)€that€the€Supreme€Court's€decision€rendered€the€remedy€of€appealÐ ŽÞ Ðineffective,€at€a€time€when€the€Supreme€Court€had€been€informed€that€steps€were€being€takenÐ tÄ Ðon€behalf€of€the€alleged€victims€to€collect€and€to€deposit€the€required€court€fees.€TheÐ Zª ÐCommittee€noted€the€particular€difficulties€facing€the€authors,€who€were€allegedly€scatteredÐ @ Ðamong€different€detention€centres,€in€paying€their€court€fees€in€timely€fashion.€TheÐ &v ÐCommittee€also€noted€the€speed€of€the€Supreme€Court's€decision,€against€which€there€wasÐ  \ Ðno€appeal,€to€dismiss€the€cases€on€that€ground,€and€found€that€local€remedies€could€not€beÐ òB Ðdeemed€not€to€have€been€exhausted.€In€the€circumstances,€the€Committee€concluded€that€theÐ Ø( Ðcommunication€was€not€inadmissible€in€that€respect€by€virtue€o€article€5,€paragraph€2€(b),Ð ¾ Ðof€the€Optional€Protocol.€Regarding€the€events€said€have€taken€place€after€the€amnestyÐ ¤ô Ðdecree€of€21€May€1983,€the€State€party€did€not€refute€the€contention€that€the€banning€orderÐ Š Ú Ðimposed€on€the€alleged€victims,€being€purely€of€an€administrative€nature,€was€not€subject€toÐ p!À  Ðany€judicial€review.€The€Committee€was€therefore€unable€to€conclude€that€there€wereÐ V"¦! Ðeffective€remedies€available€to€the€alleged€victims€which€they€had€failed€to€exhaust.Ð <#Œ" ÐAccordingly,€the€Committee€found€that€the€communication€was€not€inadmissible€by€virtueÐ "$r# Ðof€article€5,€paragraph€2€(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol€in€that€respect.€Ð %X $ ÐÌ6.€On€9€July€1985€the€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decided:€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ1.€That€the€communication€was€admissible€in€so€far€as€it€related€to€Messrs.€NgalulaÐ  (ð#( ÐMpandanjila,€Tshisekedi€Wa€Mulumba,€Makanda€Mpinga€Shambuyi,€Kyungu€Wa€KuÐ †)Ö$) ÐMwanga,€Lumbu€Maloba€Ndoba,€Kanana€Tshion€Go,€Lusanga€Ngiele,€Kibassa„Maliba€andÐ l*¼%* ÐBirindwa;€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌ2.€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€partyÐ -n(- Ðbe€requested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal€toÐ ° Ðit€of€the€decision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,Ð –æ Ðif€any,€that€might€have€been€taken€by€it.€Ð |Ì ÐÌ7.1€The€time„limit€for€the€State€party's€submission€under€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€theÐ H˜ ÐOptional€Protocol€expired€on€1€February€1986.€No€submission€was€received€from€the€StateÐ . ~ Ðparty.€Ð  d ÐÌ7.2€No€further€submission€has€been€received€from€the€authors€following€the€Committee'sÐ à 0 Ðdecision€on€admissibility.€Ð Æ   ÐÌ8.1€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€having€considered€the€present€communication€in€the€lightÐ ’â  Ðof€all€the€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€authors€as€provided€in€article€5,€paragraphÐ xÈ  Ð1,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€hereby€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€facts,€which,Ð ^®  Ðin€the€absence€of€any€submission€from€the€State€party,€are€uncontested.€Ð D”  ÐÌ8.2€The€authors€are€eight€former€Zairian€parliamentarians€and€one€Zairian€businessman.€InÐ ` ÐDecember€1980,€they€were€subjected€to€measures€of€arrest,€banishment€or€house€arrest€onÐ öF Ðaccount€of€the€publication€of€an€"open€letter"€to€Zairian€President€Mobutu.€The€eightÐ Ü, Ðparliamentarians€were€also€stripped€of€their€membership€of€parliament€and€forbidden€to€holdÐ Â Ðpublic€office€for€a€period€of€five€years.€Although€they€were€covered€by€an€amnesty€decreeÐ ¨ø Ðof€17€January€1981,€they€were€not€released€from€detention€or€internal€exile€until€4€DecemberÐ ŽÞ Ð1981.€They€were€subsequently€brought€to€trial€before€the€State€Security€Court€on€28€JuneÐ tÄ Ð1982€on€charges€of€plotting€to€overthrow€the€regime€and€planning€the€creation€of€a€politicalÐ Zª Ðparty,€and€of€secreting€documents€concerning€the€establishment€of€said€party.€The€trial€wasÐ @ Ðnot€held€in€public;€no€summonses€were€served€on€two€of€the€accused;€and€in€three€cases€theÐ &v Ðaccused€were€not€heard€at€the€pre„trial€stage.€The€accused€were€sentenced€to€15€years'Ð  \ Ðimprisonment€with€the€exception€of€the€businessman,€who€was€sentenced€to€5€years'Ð òB Ðimprisonment.€The€authors€were€released€pursuant€to€an€amnesty€decree€promulgated€on€21Ð Ø( ÐMay€1983,€but€they€were€then€subjected€to€an€"administrative€banning€measure'€and€deportedÐ ¾ Ðalong€with€their€families€to€different€parts€of€the€country.€The€banned€family€membersÐ ¤ô Ðinclude€children€still€of€elementary„school€age,€adolescent€boys€and€girls€and€married€othersÐ Š Ú Ðwho€are€heads€of€families€and€whose€wives€have€been€left€in€Kinshasa€alone€with€smallÐ p!À  Ðchildren€and€without€any€means€of€support.€The€authors€were€subjected€ill„treatment€duringÐ V"¦! Ðthe€period€of€banishment€and€deprived€of€adequate€medical€attention.€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌIn€formulating€its€views,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€also€takes€into€account€the€failureÐ %X $ Ðof€the€State€party€to€furnish€any€information€and€clarifications€necessary€for€the€CommitteeÐ î%>!% Ðto€facilitate€its€tasks.€In€the€circumstances,€due€right€must€be€given€to€the€authors'€allegation.Ð Ô&$"& ÐIt€is€implicit€in€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol€that€the€State€party€has€theÐ º' #' Ðduty€to€investigate€in€good€faith€all€allegations€of€violation€of€the€Covenant€made€against€andÐ  (ð#( Ðits€authorities,€and€to€furnish€to€the€Committee€the€information€available€it.€The€CommitteeÐ †)Ö$) Ðnotes€with€concern€that,€despite€its€repeated€requests€and€reminders€and€despite€the€StateÐ l*¼%* Ðparty's€obligation€under€article€4,€Paragraph€2,€of€e€Optional€Protocol,€no€submissionÐ R+¢&+ Ðwhatever€has€been€received€from€the€State€Party€in€the€present€case.€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- Ð9.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5,€Paragraph€4,€of€the€OptionalÐ ° ÐProtocol€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€the€view€that€theseÐ –æ Ðfacts€disclose€violations€of€the€Covenant,€with€respect€to:€Ð |Ì ÐÌArticle€9,€paragraph€1,€because€the€authors€were€subjected€to€arbitrary€arrest€and€detentionÐ H˜ Ðand€were€not€released€until€4€December€1981,€despite€an€amnesty€decreed€on€17€JanuaryÐ . ~ Ð1981;€Ð  d ÐÌArticle€10,€Paragraph€1,€because€they€were€subjected€to€ill„treatment€during€the€period€ofÐ à 0 Ðbanishment;€Ð Æ   ÐÌArticle€12,€paragraph€1,€because€they€were€deprived€of€their€freedom€of€movement€duringÐ ’â  Ðlong€periods€of€administrative€banishment;€Ð xÈ  ÐÌArticle€14,€paragraph€1,€because€they€were€denied€a€fair€and€public€hearing;€Ð D”  ÐÌArticle€19,€because€they€suffered€persecution€because€of€their€opinions;€Ð ` ÐÌArticle€25,€as€to€the€eight€former€members€of€the€Zairian€parliament,€because€they€wereÐ Ü, Ðdeprived€of€the€right€equally€to€take€part€in€the€conduct€of€public€affairs.€Ð  ÐÌ10.€The€Committee,€accordingly,€is€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligation,Ð ŽÞ Ðin€accordance€with€the€provisions€of€article€2€of€the€Covenant,€to€take€effective€measures€toÐ tÄ Ðremedy€the€violations€that€the€authors€have€suffered,€to€ant€them€compensation,€to€conductÐ Zª Ðan€inquiry€into€the€circumstances€of€their€ill„treatment,€to€take€action€thereon€as€appropriateÐ @ Ðand€to€take€steps€to€ensure€at€similar€violations€do€not€occur€in€the€future.