ÿWPC  Q>³¥ùÊ;î¯ Ç߆ zçà½&‡ÝÞà²:P $‡SZü ûåÔ_g Ìû[œ•µ}Wà7bÆcVV=É£žX· 1O.ª H3ZüéýË{ ³‰ʃ ž/¿)Î=™éMi EˆÜËÐk“s_SøýùÐRzE—Jne)¤ˆ¹Þ¨P AÕ ³ø˜1Â(ë}f±,½›9=ø!ÔØÛð… ¤a æR÷‰j¦ÆҮþá¾/S­·ÚUéá3ánöa4sã¾mϬäþ }—ÛŒ¾ýLNáˆ?Õ‹3áº<ôäµX82òAÒt5ßſ©¤~–Î{’È´"|½†:PRÄ/çÒŃö¼ýBM€Õ0q&ˆ4i"veäúX§¯ë¥Ù¨áè‰Ð™]ÑT1e{ò´%Ó0S~å]:S›  `’R\Í»ÍÁ·ÌÀ)>üá8ƒžÓ*f3Xò{/7e%«*пÃï¹”ìË^ME±{ñ>b?ŸÏÆÇ³EÅd~Òæ@‹â¢¿¯ %Æeñ†}3cTƒ½M¶*…d³a’±¿•׃ZÀ à Ò)’¾º¦G9AEdOëΧ6¦ü3Ayágà  /E¤²Ìð 0µ¼ 0<q 0Y­ 0_ 0ie 0PÎÆ 0áä 0(Å D+í AM    e 0Nu 0ÆÃ #Á‰ UNJ %˜Mž(¢NÊ^ ÌwØ4Üð mòô\  `‹&Times New Roman' A.M. [name deleted] v. Denmark, Communication No. R.26/121 (9 March 1982), U.N. Doc. Supp.4982), U.N. Doc. Supp."Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2ÝÒ$££Ý ƒ†²!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XtvXXXÔÔ€XtvXXXtvÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(ÍO$——ÔÿÔòòóóÔÿÔ(ž†²$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XeæXXXÔÔ€XeæXXXeæÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÙØÙÙØÈÙ0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularXJ†D) û‚<)ê:i¢Ø+00ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ†²!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XtvXXXÔÔ€XtvXXXtvÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòA.M.€v.€DenmarkóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€R.26/121Ð H˜ ÐÌ23€July€1982Ð  d ÐÌÌADMISSIBILITYó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:€óóA.M.€[name€deleted]€òòÐ xÈ  ÐÌAlleged€victim:€óóThe€author€of€the€communication€òòÐ D”  ÐÌState€party€concerned:€óóDenmark€Ð ` ÐÌòòDate€of€communication:€óó9€March€1982€(date€of€initial€letter}€òòÐ Ü, ÐÌDate€of€present€decision€on€admissibility:€óó23€July€1982€óóÐ ¨ø ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€CovenantÐ Zª Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð @ ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€23€July€1982,€Ð  \ ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð Ø( ÐÓÓÌÌòòò òÓ  ÓDecision€on€admissibilityó óóó*€Ð Š Ú ÐÓFÓÌÌÓ  Ó1.€The€author€or€the€communication€(Initial€letter€dated€9€march€1982€and€further€lettersÐ <#Œ" Ðdated€20€April€and€9,€29€and€30€June€1982)€is€a€39€year„old€Pakistani€national€at€presentÐ "$r# Ðserving€a€prison€term€in€Denmark.€He€submits€the€communication€on€his€own€behalf.€Ð %X $ ÐÌ2.1€The€author€states€that€he€has€been€residing€in€Denmark€since€1970,€that€in€1977€heÐ Ô&$"& Ðmarried€in€Pakistan€a€citizen€of€that€country,€that€his€wile€has€since€then€lived€with€him€inÐ º' #' ÐDenmark€and€that€they€have€two€children.€He€describes€the€facts€of€the€case€as€follows:€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ2.2€On€31€July€1980,€he€was€involved€in€a€violent€light€in€Odense,€Denmark,€with€severalÐ l*¼%* Ðother€men€from€Pakistan,€Morocco€and€Algeria.€At€least€four€people€were€severely€injuredÐ R+¢&+ Ðand€one€of€them€died.€The€author€subsequently€stood€trial€on€charges€including€"bodilyÐ 8,ˆ', Ðinjuries€with€death€as€a€result"€and€on€30€January€1981€he€was€convicted€by€the€EasternÐ -n(- ÐCourt€of€Appeal€(Ô_ÔOestreÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔLandsretÔ_Ô),€sitting€with€a€jury,€and€sentenced€to€three€and€a€hall€yearsÐ ° Ðimprisonment.€The€author€applied€to€the€Special€Court€for€Revision€òò(Den€Ô_ÔsaerligeÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔKlageretÔ_Ô)Ð –æ Ðóófor€a€new€trial.€The€Court€rejected€the€request€on€4€December€1981.€Ð |Ì ÐÌ2.3€On€21€April€1981,€A.M.€was€informed€by€the€Danish€Immigration€authorities€that€heÐ H˜ Ðwould€have€to€leave€Denmark€after€serving€his€sentence.€This€decision€was€upheld€by€theÐ . ~ ÐMinistry€of€Justice€and€A.M.€was€so€informed€on€23€October€1981.€He€states€that€he€is€dueÐ  d Ðto€be€released€from€prison€on€15€August€1982€and€that€he€will€be€deported€on€that€date.€Ð ú J ÐÌ3.1€The€author€claims€before€the€Human€Rights€Committee€that€he€has€been€unjustly€treatedÐ Æ   Ðbecause€he€is€a€foreigner.€He€alleges€that€the€police€were€dishonest€in€the€conduct€of€pre„trialÐ ¬ ü  Ðinvestigations€into€the€matter€and€that€the€Court€denied€him€a€fair€trial€by€giving€undueÐ ’â  Ðweight€to€evidence€against€him,€including€testimony€allegedly€obtained€from€his€PakistaniÐ xÈ  Ðenemies€in€Denmark.€He€believes€that€a€fair€assessment€of€the€evidence€would€have€led€toÐ ^®  Ðhis€acquittal.€The€author€further€claims€that€the€decision€of€the€Danish€authorities€to€deportÐ D”  Ðhim€upon€release€from€prison€constitutes€degrading€treatment€and€punishment.€Ð *z  ÐÌ3.2€In€particular€he€claims€to€be€a€victim€of€breaches€by€Denmark€of€articles€5,€7€and€10€ofÐ öF Ðthe€Universal€Declaration€of€Human€Rights€as€regards€the€right€not€to€be€subjected€toÐ Ü, Ðdegrading€treatment€or€punishment,€the€right€to€equality€before€the€law€and€the€right€to€a€fairÐ Â Ðtrial.€Me€also€invokes€article€11€(a)€of€the€Universal€Declaration€of€Human€RightsÐ ¨ø Ðconcerning€the€presumption€of€innocence.€These€articles€correspond,€in€substance,€to€articlesÐ ŽÞ Ð7,€14€and€26€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€Ð tÄ ÐÌ4.€It€appears€from€the€communication€that€the€author€has€submitted€the€same€matter€to€theÐ @ ÐEuropean€Commission€of€Human€Rights.€His€application€before€that€body€was€declaredÐ &v Ðinadmissible€on€1€March€1982€as€manifestly€ill„founded.€Ð  \ ÐÌ5.€Before€considering€any€claims€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€RightsÐ Ø( ÐCommittee€must€decide€whether€the€communication€is€admissible€under€the€OptionalÐ ¾ ÐProtocol€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€.and€Political€Rights.€The€CommitteeÐ ¤ô Ðobserves€in€this€Ô_ÔconnexionÔ_Ô€that€when€ratifying€the€Optional€Protocol€and€recognizing€theÐ Š Ú Ðcompetence€of€the€Committee€to€receive€and€consider€communications€from€individualsÐ p!À  Ðsubject€to€its€jurisdiction,€the€State€party€Denmark,€made€a€reservation,€with€reference€toÐ V"¦! Ðarticle€5€(2)€(a)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€in€respect€of€the€competence€of€the€Committee€toÐ <#Œ" Ðconsider€a€communication€from€an€individual€if€the€matter€has€already€been€consideredÐ "$r# Ðunder€other€procedures€of€international€investigation.€Ð %X $ ÐÌ6.€In€the€light€of€the€above„mentioned€reservation€and€observing€that€the€same€matter€hasÐ Ô&$"& Ðalready€been€considered€by€the€European€Commission€of€Human€Rights€and€therefore€byÐ º' #' Ðanother€procedure€of€international€investigation€within€the€meaning€of€article€5€(2)€(a)€of€theÐ  (ð#( ÐOptional€Protocol€to€the€International€.Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€theÐ †)Ö$) ÐCommittee€concludes€that€it€is€not€competent€to€consider€the€present€communication.€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌThe€Human€Rights€Committee,€accordingly,€decides,€That€the€communication€isÐ 8,ˆ', Ðinadmissible.8.€This€decision€shall€be€communicated€to€the€author€of€the€communicationÐ -n(- Ðand,€for€information,€to€the€State€party€concerned.€Ð ° ÐÌÌ_________Ð b² ÐÌ*€The€text€of€an€individual€opinion€submitted€by€a€Committee€member€is€appended€to€theÐ . ~ Ðpresent€Ô_ÔCecislonÔ_Ô.€Ð  d ÐÌÌÓšÓÓ  Óòòò òAPPENDIXó óóó€Ð Æ   ÐÓÜÓÓÓÌÌòòIndividual€opinionóó€Ð xÈ  ÐÌMr.„€Bernhard€Ô_ÔGraefrathÔ_Ô,€member€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee,€submits€the€followingÐ D”  Ðindividual€opinion€relating€to€the€admissibility€of€communication€No.€R.26/121/(A.M.€v.Ð *z  ÐDenmark):€Ð ` ÐÌI€concur€in€the€decision€of€the€Committee€that€the€communication€is€inadmissible.€However,Ð Ü, Ðin€my€view€the€communication€is€inadmissible€in€accordance€with€article€3€of€the€OptionalÐ Â ÐProtocol.€The€claims€of€the€author€do€not€raise€issues€under€any€of€the€provisions€of€theÐ ¨ø ÐCovenant.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌI€cannot,€however,€share€the€view€that€the€Committee€is€barred€from€considering€theÐ Zª Ðcommunication€by€the€reservation€of€Denmark€relating€to€article€5€(2)€(a)€of€the€OptionalÐ @ ÐProtocol.€That€reservation€refers€to€matters€that€have€already€been€considered€under€otherÐ &v Ðprocedures€of€international€investigation.€It€does€not€in€my€opinion€refer€to€matters,€theÐ  \ Ðconsideration€of€which€has€been€denied€under€any€other€procedure€by€a€decision€ofÐ òB Ðinadmissibility.€Ð Ø( ÐÌIn€the€case€of€the€author€of€communication€R.€26/121,€the€European€Commission€of€HumanÐ ¤ô ÐRights€has€declared€his€application€inadmissible€as€being€manifestly€ill„founded.€It€hasÐ Š Ú Ðthereby€found€that€it€has€no€competence€to€consider€the€matter€within€the€legal€frameworkÐ p!À  Ðof€the€European€Convention.€An€application€that€has€been€declared€inadmissible€has€not,€inÐ V"¦! Ðthe€meaning€of€the€reservation,€been€"considered"€in€such€a€way€that€the€Human€RightsÐ <#Œ" ÐCommittee€is€precluded€from€considering€it.€Ð "$r# ÐÌThe€reservation€aims€at€preventing€the€Human€Rights€Committee€from€reviewing€cases€thatÐ î%>!% Ðhave€been€considered€by€another€international€organ€of€investigation.€It€does€not€seek€toÐ Ô&$"& Ðlimit€the€competence€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee€to€deal€with€communications€merelyÐ º' #' Ðon€the€ground€that€the€rights€of€the€Covenant€allegedly€violated€may€also€be€covered€by€theÐ  (ð#( ÐEuropean€Convention€and€its€procedural€requirements.€If€that€had€been€the€aim€of€theÐ †)Ö$) Ðreservation,€it€would,€in€my€opinion,€have€been€incompatible€with€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌIf€the€Committee€interprets€the€reservation€in€such€a€way€that€it€would€be€excluded€fromÐ 8,ˆ', Ðconsidering€a€communication€when€a€complaint€referring€to€the€same€facts€has€been€declaredÐ -n(- Ðinadmissible€under€the€procedure€of€the€European€Convention,€the€effect€would€be€that€anyÐ ° Ðcomplaint€that€has€been€declared€inadmissible€under€that€procedure.€could€later€on€not€beÐ –æ Ðconsidered€by€the€Human€Rights€Committee,€despite€the€fact€that€the€conditions€forÐ |Ì Ðadmissibility€of€communications€are€set€out€in€a€separate€international€instrument€and€areÐ b² Ðdifferent€from€those€under€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð H˜ ÐÌAn€application€that€has€been€declared€inadmissible€under€the€system€of€the€EuropeanÐ  d ÐConvention€is€not€necessarily€inadmissible€under€the€system€of€the€Covenant€and€theÐ ú J Ðoptional€Protocol,€even€if€it€refers€to€the€same€facts.€This€is€also€true€in€relation€to€anÐ à 0 Ðapplication€that€has€been€declared€inadmissible€by€the€European€Commission€as€beingÐ Æ   Ðmanifestly€ill„founded.€The€decision€that€an€application€is€manifestly€ill„founded€canÐ ¬ ü  Ðnecessarily€be€taken€only€in€relation€to€rights€set€forth€in€the€European€Convention.€TheseÐ ’â  Ðrights,€however,€differ€in€substance€and€in€regard€to€their€implementation€procedures€fromÐ xÈ  Ðthe€rights€set€forth€in€the€Covenant.€They,€as€well€as€the€competence€of€the€EuropeanÐ ^®  ÐCommission,€derive€from€a€separate€and€independent€international€instrument.€A€decisionÐ D”  Ðon€non„admissibility€of€the€European€Commission,€therefore,€has€no€impact€on€a€matterÐ *z  Ðbefore€the€Human€Rights€Committee€and€cannot€hinder€the€Human€Rights€Committee€fromÐ ` Ðreviewing€the€facts€of€a€communication€on€its€own€legal€basis€and€under€its€own€procedureÐ öF Ðand€from€ascertaining€whether€they€are€compatible€with€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant.€ThisÐ Ü, Ðmight€lead€to€a€similar€result€as€under€the€European€Convention,€but€not€necessarily€so.€Ð  ÐÌThe€reservation€of€Denmark€was€intended€to€avoid€the€same€matter€being€considered€twice.Ð ŽÞ ÐIt€did€not€aim€at€closing€the€door€for€a€communication€that€might€be€admissible€under€theÐ tÄ ÐOptional€Protocol€despite€the€fact€that€it€has€been€declared€inadmissible€by€the€EuropeanÐ Zª ÐCommission.€Ð @ ÐÓ"Ó