’WPCƒ KaöÄ­­.7Q7™µ=Qéd‘ś\Wß:&lƒŻ%GŃ×ŃüąS¦+†°£ų†Rąhęą£Š6t©r_p£‰…aœ(Ŗ HõŽt9åY™˜Ō—{ød³ąŠ,ć„Įfp©z¬˜ųēuŽ(`Ģ<¦uPR3ĘC½É’¼š°\Č4 -®]’,Ó؝‹yČB¼cuģFf² āĘ£ "°ŅĢ‡”n¦ŒĮńNo`RAl·WŲßŗØ*“·>fnüš¦ęøūūćKa*Łćś(ƒ'LŲ\Ź6ŚQŗõŻ¼© ‘ zuEy ŗä~öčąnJ•|R@4WĮĪŖŅ_Š=hŽM“»‘-€Ė®Š³A„)s*œŽzĻū|ŗŲRŌŚ88µŻŚ8õŲ÷ז.¦óµį¦0ˆLՓœ9{įø¦]ōŚR¦‡ń²¤’Ō‹“nŪP>f‹1 Ÿń9U†¤¹z!…ƒÜś`>CÆåń7ėѐfJIKŠ ³$‘Eš4܎x;mø¶öōĒD!e$u)į.šÓŽ‡,$C¶wt¬IӘŌ’hW‡ėÜvŲŹésŹµŖē¾4Óö„‚Ų?2e6ų`ę)enŖ™ÆU>zĢø 0µ„ 0<9 0Yu 0_Ī 0i- 0P–Ęę 0į¬ 0( D+µ AMą - 0Ę= #Į UNÄ %M(ND^ FwR4Vj mlō\  `‹&Times New Roman' R. T. [name deleted] v. France, Communication No. 262/1987 (30 March 1989), U.N. Doc. Supp41989), U.N. Doc. Supp"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ’’4Heading 3Ō S ŌÓ p^SÓŌ€£££Ōņ ņŌ  ŌŌ  ŌŌ€XXXŌó óÓ p^SÓ<’’:Default Para6’’4HyperlinkóóņņŌ ’ ŌóóŌ  Ō<’’:FollowedHypeóóņņŌ  ŌóóŌ  Ō< ’’:Normal (Web)Ō S ŌÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0’’.Strongņ ņŌ  Ōó óŌ  Ō Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2².$££Ż ƒÕļ!ŻŅÜ°ŅŅÜ°ŅŌ..ŌŌ  ŌŌ  ŌÓ  ÓŌ€XcoXXXŌŌ€XcoXXXcoŌŌŌŻ  Ż(’’$’’'dxd A<< c’’#|x(žÕļ$””ŅÜ°ŅŅÜ°ŅŌ..ŌŌ  ŌŌ  ŌÓ  ÓŌ€XtgXXXŌŌ€XtgXXXtgŌŌŌ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSČŁŲŁŁŲČŁ0(ČhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX›“L) Č­F)ź:i¢Ų+00’U‹’ĄĄĄŻ ƒÕļ!ŻŅÜ°ŅŅÜ°ŅŌ..ŌŌ  ŌŌ  ŌÓ  ÓŌ€XcoXXXŌŌ€XcoXXXcoŌŌŌŻ  ŻŌ_Ōņ ņHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEŠ ° ŠĢņņR.€T.€v.€FranceóóŠ |Ģ ŠĢCommunication€No.€262/1987Š H˜ ŠĢ30€March€1989Š  d ŠĢĢADMISSIBILITYó óŠ Ę   ŠĢĢņņņņSubmitted€by:óó€R.€T.€[name€deleted]Š xČ  ŠĢņņAlleged€victim:óó€The€authorŠ D”  ŠĢņņState€party€concerned:óó€FranceŠ ` ŠĢņņDate€of€communication:óó€14€October€1987€(date€of€initial€letter)óóŠ Ü, ŠĢĢņņÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committee,€óóestablished€under€article€28€of€the€International€CovenantŠ ŽŽ Šon€Civil€and€Political€Rights,Š tÄ ŠĢņņMeeting€óóon€30€March€1989,Š @ ŠĢņņAdoptsóó€the€following:Š  \ ŠÓ°ÓĢĢņņÓ  Óņ ņDecision€on€admissibilityó óóóŠ ¾ ŠÓŲÓĢĢÓ  Ó1.€The€author€of€the€communication€(initial€submission€dated€14€October€1987;€furtherŠ p!Ą  Šletters€dated€30€June,€10€September€and€20€October€1988)€is€R.€T.,€a€French€citizen€born€inŠ V"¦! Š1942,€at€present€living€at€Sevran,€France.€He€claims€to€be€a€victim€of€a€violation€by€theŠ <#Œ" ŠFrench€Government€of€articles€2,€paragraphs€1„3,€19,€paragraphs€2,.€26€and€27€of€theŠ "$r# ŠInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.Š %X $ ŠĢ2.1€The€author€states€that€he€has€taught€the€Breton€language€at€a€number€of€high€schools€inŠ Ō&$"& ŠParis€for€the€past€10€years.€The€French€authorities€have€allegedly€tried€to€deny€him€the€rightŠ ŗ' #' Što€teach€Breton€and€exerted€pressure€on€him€by,€for€example,€reducing€his€salary.€The€authorŠ  (š#( Šclaims€that€there€is€no€justification€for€this€pressure,€because€over€a€million€Bretons€1ive€inŠ †)Ö$) Šthe€Greater€Paris€area€and€there€is€a€growing€demand€for€the€teaching€of€Breton€among€highŠ l*¼%* Šschool€students.Š R+¢&+ ŠĢ2.2€The€author€states€that€he€has€taught€only€Breton€over€the€past€10€years,€and€that€he€is€theŠ -n(- Šonly€teacher€of€the€subject€in€the€Paris€Educational€District.€The€French€authorities€haveŠ ° Šnever€officially€recognized€this€fact€and€have€instead€classified€him€as€a€"teaching€assistant"Š –ę Šņņ(Ō_ŌadjointŌ_Ō€Ō_Ōd'enseignementŌ_Ō)€óófor€English€(which€the€author€claims€he€has€never€taught)€and€anŠ |Ģ Š"auxiliary€teacher"€ņņ(Ō_Ōmaš3štreŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌauxiliaireŌ_Ō)€óóof€Armenian€(which€he€says€he€does€not€know).€WithŠ b² Šeffect€from€the€school€year€1987/88,€the€French€authorities€are€said€to€have€attempted€toŠ H˜ Šforce€him€to€teach€English.€Upon€his€refusing€to€comply,€the€Paris€Educational€DistrictŠ . ~ Šapparently€threatened€to€consider€him€as€having€abandoned€his€post,€which€would€mean€thatŠ  d Šhe€would€not€be€entitled€to€unemployment€benefits.€Since€the€Academy€has€in€the€pastŠ ś J Šdiscontinued€the€teaching€of€other€regional€languages€such€as€Basque€and€Catalan,€the€authorŠ ą 0 Šconsiders€himself€particularly€threatened.Š Ę   ŠĢ2.3€With€regard€to€the€requirement€of€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€author€enclosesŠ ’ā  Šcopies€of€his€correspondence€with€the€competent€educational€authorities,€which€illustrate€hisŠ xČ  Šattempts€at€reaching€an€amiable€solution€ņņ(Ō_ŌrecoursŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌamiablesŌ_Ō).óóŠ ^®  ŠĢ3.€By€decision€of€15€March€1988,€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeŠ *z  Štransmitted€the€communication€to€the€State€party,€requesting€it,€under€rule€91€of€theŠ ` Šprovisional€rules€of€procedure,€to€provide€information€and€observations€relevant€to€theŠ öF Šquestion€of€the€admissibility€of€the€communication.€The€author€was€requested€to€clarifyŠ Ü, Šwhether€he€had€submitted€his€case€to€any€administrative€or€judicial€tribunal€and,€if€so,€withŠ Ā Šwhat€result.Š Øų ŠĢ4.1€In€his€submission€under€rule€91,€dated€30€June€1988,€the€author€reiterates€that€the€factsŠ tÄ Šin€his€case€testify€to€the€desire€of€the€French€authorities€to€eliminate€the€teaching€of€theŠ ZŖ ŠBreton€language€and€adds€that€since€his€initial€submission€to€the€Committee,€this€issue€hasŠ @ Šbeen€raised€by€many€members€of€the€French€National€Assembly€and€of€the€EuropeanŠ &v ŠParliament.€With€respect€to€his€duties€as€a€teacher,€he€states€that€he€is€required,€in€principle,Š  \ Što€lecture€18€hours€per€week.€Starting€in€1982/83€he€taught€a€full€18€hours€a€week€at€threeŠ ņB Šhigh€schools€in€the€Greater€Paris€area,€where€he€claims€his€work€was€constantly€disruptedŠ Ų( Šby€administrative€measures€and€delays€of€several€months€before€permission€to€teach€BretonŠ ¾ Šwas€granted.€For€the€year€1987/88€the€educational€authorities€at€first€opposed€the€resumptionŠ ¤ō Šof€his€teaching€duties€in€September€1987.€Finally,€in€December€1987,€he€was€again€permittedŠ Š Ś Što€give€instruction€in€the€Breton€language,€but€only€for€10€hours€a€week;€8€hours,€which€wereŠ p!Ą  Šallegedly€guaranteed€under€an€agreement€with€the€Rectorate€of€the€Paris€EducationalŠ V"¦! ŠDistrict,€had€been€"arbitrarily€eliminated".€According€to€the€author,€the€explanationsŠ <#Œ" Šadvanced€by€the€authorities€for€limiting€the€Breton€classes€to€10€hours€per€week€cannot€beŠ "$r# Šjustified.Š %X $ ŠĢ4.2€The€author€claims€that€the€decision€to€reduce€severely€the€number€of€Breton€classes€isŠ Ō&$"& Šcontrary€to€commitments€made€by€the€Minister€of€Education€on€15€June€1987,€when€heŠ ŗ' #' Šstated€that€"the€provisions€in€respect€both€of€number€of€hours€and€of€teaching€posts€madeŠ  (š#( Šavailable€to€district€rectors€[concerning€regional€languages€spoken€in€France]€have€beenŠ †)Ö$) Šmaintained€for€the€academic€year€1987/88".€Moreover,€officials€of€the€Department€ofŠ l*¼%* ŠEducation€have€allegedly€asserted€that€there€is€no€need€to€teach€Breton€to€pupils€in€Paris.€TheŠ R+¢&+ Šauthor€contends€that€this€statement€is€at€variance€with€the€trend€observed€since€the€midŌ_Ō„Š 8,ˆ', Š1980sŌ_Ō.Š -n(- Š‡4.3€With€respect€to€the€requirement€of€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€author€explainsŠ ° Šthat€his€ņņŌ_ŌdmarchesŌ_Ō,€óóup€to€the€time€of€his€communication€to€the€Committee,€have€been€of€anŠ –ę Šadministrative€nature.€Since€the€change€of€Government€in€France€in€May€1988,€he€hasŠ |Ģ Šwritten€to€the€new€Minister€of€Education€denouncing€the€discriminatory€measures€describedŠ b² Šabove.€The€author€states€that€he€has€not€submitted€his€case€to€an€administrative€tribunal€orŠ H˜ Što€any€other€judicial€authority;€he€adds€that€this€is€an€eventuality€that€he€can€no€longer€ruleŠ . ~ Šout.Š  d ŠĢ5.1€In€its€submission€under€rule€91,€dated€5€August€1988,€the€State€party€objects€to€theŠ ą 0 Šadmissibility€of€the€communication€on€the€grounds€of€non„exhaustion€of€domestic€remediesŠ Ę   Šand€of€incompatibility€with€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant.Š ¬ ü  ŠĢ5.2€With€respect€to€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€State€party€affirms€thatŠ xČ  Šcorrespondence€with€associations€or€members€of€Parliament€cannot€be€considered€asŠ ^®  Šremedies€under€French€law€and€that€only€two€letters€addressed€by€the€author€to€the€RectorŠ D”  Šof€the€Paris€Educational€District€and€to€the€Minister€of€Education€on€9€September€1987€andŠ *z  Š8€October€1988,€respectively,€present€some€of€the€characteristics€of€an€administrativeŠ ` Šremedy.€Several€judicial€remedies€would€also€have€been€open€to€the€author€with€respect€toŠ öF Šhis€assignment€to€teach€English€since€1984.€The€State€party€explains€that€in€order€to€haveŠ Ü, Šthis€measure€revoked,€he€would€have€submitted€an€ņņex€gratia€óóappeal€to€a€higher€administrativeŠ Ā Šauthority.€The€advantage€of€such€an€appeal€is€that€it€may€be€based€not€only€on€the€legallyŠ Øų Šrelevant€facts€of€the€case€but€also€on€considerations€of€equity€and€expediency€furthermore,Š ŽŽ Šif€he€considered€that€any€decision€violated€his€rights,€he€could€have€brought€a€contentiousŠ tÄ Šremedy€for€abuse€of€power,€requesting€the€administrative€judge€annul€the€decision.€Such€anŠ ZŖ Šapplication€should€have€been€filed€within€two€months€after€the€date€on€which€he€was€notifiedŠ @ Šof€the€measure€affecting€him.€But€since€the€author€did€not€respect€the€deadlines€for€pursuingŠ &v Šthis€remedy,€the€decision€became€final.Š  \ ŠĢ5.3€The€State€party€emphasizes€that€although€it€is€no€longer€open€to€the€author€to€have€anŠ Ų( Šadministrative€court€annul€the€contested€decision€on€grounds€of€illegality,€is€situation€isŠ ¾ Šentirely€of€his€own€making,€and€that€his€inactivity€or€negligence€cannot€be€attributed€to€StateŠ ¤ō Šorgans:€"The€right€to€submit€a€communication€to€the€Human€Rights€Committee€cannot€beŠ Š Ś Šused€as€a€substitute€for€the€normal€exercise€of€domestic€remedies€in€cases€where€suchŠ p!Ą  Šremedies€have€not€been€pursued€purely€through€the€fault€of€the€interested€party."Š V"¦! ŠĢ5.4€The€State€party€further€submits€that€the€author€could€have€brought€his€case€before€anŠ "$r# Šadministrative€tribunal€on€the€grounds€of€abuse€of€power,€invoking€violations€of€theŠ %X $ ŠCovenant€resulting€from€the€Minister€of€Education's€implicit€or€explicit€rejection€of€theŠ ī%>!% Šauthor's€request€of€8€October€1987€for€"resumption€of€Breton€classes€in€Paris".€Furthermore,Š Ō&$"& Šalthough€the€author€can€no€longer€ask€the€courts€to€decide€on€the€legality€of€the€contestedŠ ŗ' #' Šmeasure,€he€could€still€plead€the€damage€caused€to€him€by€not€having€been€given€tenure€asŠ  (š#( Ša€teacher€of€the€Breton€language€and€lodge€an€appeal€with€a€view€to€obtaining€compensationŠ †)Ö$) Šfor€the€damage€he€claims€to€have€suffered.€In€conclusion,€the€State€party€contends€that€theŠ l*¼%* Šauthor€"did€not€exercise€any€of€the€jurisdictional€remedies€available€to€him".Š R+¢&+ ŠĢ5.5€Additionally,€the€State€party€submits€that€the€communication€should€be€declaredŠ -n(- ŠŌ_Ōinadmissible€as€incompatible€with€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant.€With€respect€to€theŠ ° Šalleged€violation€of€article€19,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Covenant,€it€claims€that€the€author€hasŠ –ę Šfailed€to€substantiate€his€complaint€and€that,€on€the€contrary,€each€of€his€submissions€provesŠ |Ģ Šthat€he€had€every€opportunity€to€make€his€position€known.€It€further€affirms€that€"freedomŠ b² Šof€expression"€within€the€meaning€from€article€19€cannot€be€construed€as€including€a€rightŠ H˜ Što€exercise€a€specific€caching€activity.Š . ~ ŠĢ5.6€Concerning€the€alleged€violation€of€article€26,€the€State€party€recalls€that€underŠ ś J Šapplicable€law€and€regulations,€tenure€as€a€teacher€of€Breton€can€only€be€granted€if€twoŠ ą 0 Šconditions€are€met:€(a)€the€existence€of€a€body€into€which€the€person€to€be€given€tenure€canŠ Ę   Šbe€integrated;€and€(b)€the€existence€of€a€budgeted€post€enabling€a€teacher€with€tenure€to€beŠ ¬ ü  Šremunerated.€Since,€at€the€time€of€consideration€of€the€author's€case,€these€two€conditionsŠ ’ā  Šwere€not€met,€the€authorities€could€not€comply€with€his€request.€This€did€not€entailŠ xČ  Šdiscrimination€against€him,€but€merely€the€application€of€the€existing€rules€to€his€case.Š ^®  ŠĢ5.7€With€respect€to€the€alleged€violation€of€article€27€of€the€Covenant,€the€State€party€refersŠ *z  Što€the€declaration€made€by€the€Government€of€France€upon€accession€to€the€Covenant,€whichŠ ` Šstipulates:€"In€the€light€of€article€2€of€the€Constitution€of€the€French€Republic€....€article€27Š öF Š[of€the€Covenant]€is€not€applicable€as€far€as€the€Republic€is€concerned".Š Ü, ŠĢ5.8€Finally,€the€State€party€contends€that€a€violation€of€article€2€cannot€be€committed€directlyŠ Øų Šand€in€isolation,€and€that€any€violation€of€this€provision€can€only€be€a€corollary€to€theŠ ŽŽ Šviolation€of€another€article€of€the€Covenant.€Since€the€author€has€not€shown€that€he€has€beenŠ tÄ Šinjured€in€respect€of€one€of€his€rights€protected€by€the€Covenant,€he€cannot€invoke€article€2.Š ZŖ ŠĢ6.1€Commenting€on€the€State€party's€submission€under€rule€91,€the€author,€in€a€letter€datedŠ &v Š10€September€1988,€maintains€that€his€allegations€are€well€founded.€He€takes€issue€with€theŠ  \ ŠState€party's€contention€that€he€has€not€been€discriminated€against€and€reiterates€thatŠ ņB Šobstacles€to€his€teaching€of€the€Breton€language€are€frequent€and€numerous.€Thus,€theŠ Ų( Š1987/88€school€year€for€him€began€in€December€and€not€in€September,€and€half€of€hisŠ ¾ Šclasses€were€discontinued€contrary€to€earlier€agreements.€The€situation€for€the€years€1985/86Š ¤ō Šand€1986/87€is€said€to€have€been€comparable.€The€author€considers€that€"the€deliberateŠ Š Ś Šintention€to€forbid€or€considerably€hamper€the€teaching€of€an€ethnic€minority's€languageŠ p!Ą  Šconstitutes€a€violation€of€cultural€rights",€and€that€it€constitutes€not€only€languageŠ V"¦! Šdiscrimination€but€also€job€discrimination.€With€respect€to€article€27,€he€suggests€that€theŠ <#Œ" ŠState€party€cannot€simply,€because€of€a€mere€declaration,€be€excused€from€respecting€theŠ "$r# Šrights€of€individuals€belonging€to€an€ethnic€minority.Š %X $ ŠĢ6.2€With€respect€to€the€requirement€of€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€author€contendsŠ Ō&$"& Šthat€the€State€party's€argumentation€on€this€point€must€fail,€because€the€State€party'sŠ ŗ' #' Šsubmission€itself€demonstrates€that€he€could€not€have€challenged€his€tenure€as€an€assistantŠ  (š#( Šteacher€of€English€within€two€months€after€being€given€tenure€in€1984.€In€particular,€heŠ †)Ö$) Šexplains€that€a€small€body€of€teachers€of€the€Breton€language,€in€which€he€had€aimed€to€beŠ l*¼%* Šincluded,€was€only€established€subsequently,€in€1986.€Furthermore,€he€affirms€that€anŠ R+¢&+ Šadministrative€court€could€not€order€the€educational€authorities€to€give€him€tenure€in€BretonŠ 8,ˆ', Šand€that,€in€order€for€him€to€exhaust€domestic€remedies,€it€would€have€been€necessary€forŠ -n(- Šthe€State€party€to€provide€him€with€the€judicial€means.€He€concludes€that€in€theŠ ° Šcircumstances€it€was€more€reasonable€for€him€to€redouble€his€efforts€to€obtain€tenure€inŠ –ę ŠBreton€and€not€in€English€by€way€of€petitions€for€review,€rather€than€to€allow€himself€"to€beŠ |Ģ Škept€in€a€vicious€and€empty€legislative€and€judicial€circle".€He€submits€that€because€of€theŠ b² Šway€its€legal€system€operates€the€State€party€has€not€afforded€him€the€means€to€challenge€itsŠ H˜ Šdecisions€on€an€equal€footing€with€other€citizens€and€in€particular€with€colleagues€who€teachŠ . ~ Šmodern€foreign€languages.€He€suggests€that€he€has€not€enjoyed€equal€and€effectiveŠ  d Šprotection€by€the€courts€simply€because€he€wants€to€continue€teaching€his€own€language,€theŠ ś J Šlanguage€of€an€ethnic€minority€in€France.€Š ą 0 ŠĢ6.3€By€a€further€letter€dated€20€October€1988,€the€author€points€out€that€since€France€accededŠ ¬ ü  Što€the€Covenant,€no€legislation€that€could€enable€the€Breton€minority€to€use€its€languageŠ ’ā  Šwithout€discrimination€has€been€adopted€by€the€National€Assembly,€and€concludes€that€thisŠ xČ  Šconstitutes€a€violation€of€article€2,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Covenant.€He€requests€theŠ ^®  ŠCommittee's€opinion€on€whether€the€fact€that€France€acceded€to€an€international€instrumentŠ D”  Šthat€prohibits€linguistic€discrimination€does€not€require€it€to€modify€its€legislation€so€thatŠ *z  ŠBretons€may€use€their€language€at€all€levels.Š ` ŠĢ7.1€Before€considering€any€claims€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€RightsŠ Ü, ŠCommittee€must,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€decideŠ Ā Šwhether€or€not€it€is€admissible€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.Š Øų ŠĢ7.2€The€Committee€has€ascertained,€as€it€is€required€to€do€under€article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),Š tÄ Šof€the€Optional€Protocol,€that€the€same€matter€is€not€being€examined€under€anotherŠ ZŖ Šprocedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement.Š @ ŠĢ7.3€With€regard€to€the€State€party's€submission€that€the€communication€should€be€declaredŠ  \ Šinadmissible€pursuant€to€article€3€of€the€Optional€Protocol€as€incompatible€with€theŠ ņB Šprovisions€of€the€Covenant,€the€Committee€observes€that€the€author€cannot€invoke€aŠ Ų( Šviolation€of€his€right€to€freedom€of€expression€under€article€19,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Covenant,Š ¾ Šon€grounds€of€having€been€denied€tenure€as€a€teacher€of€the€Breton€language.€With€respectŠ ¤ō Što€the€alleged€violation€of€article€26,€the€Committee€finds€that€the€author€has€made€aŠ Š Ś Šreasonable€effort€sufficiently€to€substantiate€his€allegations,€for€purposes€of€admissibility,Š p!Ą  Šthat€he€has€been€a€victim€of€discrimination€on€grounds€of€language.€For€reasons€set€outŠ V"¦! Šbelow,€the€Committee€finds€it€unnecessary€to€pronounce€on€the€French€declarationŠ <#Œ" Šconcerning€article€27€of€the€Covenant.Š "$r# ŠĢ7.4€The€Committee€observes€that€the€author€has€not€pursued€any€domestic€judicial€remedies.Š ī%>!% ŠIt€understands€his€assertion€that€he€did€not€want€to€become€engaged€in€"a€vicious€and€emptyŠ Ō&$"& Šlegislative€and€judicial€circle"€as€an€indication€of€his€belief€that€the€pursuit€of€such€remediesŠ ŗ' #' Šwould€be€futile,€and€takes€note€of€his€contention€that,€in€the€circumstances€of€the€case,€it€wasŠ  (š#( Šmore€reasonable€for€him€to€seek€extra„judicial€redress€by€way€of€petition€for€review€of€hisŠ †)Ö$) Šsituation€to€the€educational€authorities.€The€Committee€observes€that€article€5,€paragraph€2Š l*¼%* Š(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€by€referring€to€"all€available€domestic€remedies",€clearly€refersŠ R+¢&+ Šin€the€first€place€to€judicial€remedies.€Even€if€the€author's€contention€were€accepted€that€anŠ 8,ˆ', Šadministrative€tribunal€could€not€have€ordered€the€educational€authorities€to€grant€him€tenureŠ -n(- Šas€a€teacher€of€the€Breton€language,€the€fact€remains€that€the€decision€challenged€by€theŠ ° Šauthor€might€have€been€annulled.€The€author€has€not€shown€that€he€could€not€have€resortedŠ –ę Što€the€judicial€procedures€which€the€State€party€has€plausibly€submitted€were€available€toŠ |Ģ Šhim,€or€that€their€pursuit€could€be€deemed€to€be,€ņņa€priori,€óófutile.€The€Committee€notes€thatŠ b² Šhe€himself€mentions€that€he€does€not€rule€out€submitting€his€case€to€an€administrativeŠ H˜ Štribunal.€It€finds€that,€in€the€circumstances€disclosed€by€the€communication,€the€author'sŠ . ~ Šdoubts€about€the€effectiveness€of€domestic€remedies€did€not€absolve€him€from€exhaustingŠ  d Šthem,€and€concludes€that€the€requirements€of€article€5,€paragraph€2€(b),€have€not€been€met.Š ś J ŠĢ8.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decides:Š Ę   ŠĢ(a)€The€communication€is€inadmissible.Š ’ā  ŠĢ(b)€This€decision€shall€be€communicated€to€the€State€party€and€to€the€author.Š ^®  ŠŌ_ŌÓ-Ó