’WPC[ 'Vƒ;qE«›DøLĢ ;.jXÆJŠ8(ßA1Ÿ?ūäņœĀ‚÷ׇ®ü·’> [WóŚjšNDå#ėüÄZćSśE(¼W€ŃĻ˜:Ćgrļ”Oé–8sEóO»=,ī]zCøQ %3t‰nX]>EÓ~ƒ84C¤ńIß΃ƒģSÅĮ>›<ē‡Éł† ęÅÆHC\ęęµTś’ hėŪwµ%6v|Ķ Å!ÓāļŹBITZ<4`N{ʞńHx¼&LBČ»{®Rų«Ža`ø†E})(Ęö„6· Ž)žéåǶ®ʃ_“^XOS3‚Y8„°”Īp„ęl&õ·kCAS»ć,Tr¬®0<:ynwę©wH-} žeź>¤§·ćkįķĪčµ’!+bųńtm±Öz¬ }»uŸK"­;f]śZhŻ5K쮫Ķ^6“Ś%'󻟰ļŖ[™Ö^· 6ÅńøķÓqqāįŗŃ5%ē FI-ɀ•ņOˆ ”‡Xu@`Ę ū×Ā>Ī=Š™nLv‚«ĒŒÕ܁·¦³t źtKĆ}½«önܤHmģ0=Qē¼›`6GĆ<žN{K'p¢ūŗ&T„§e‘]ėžæÖ»b4†øī6n9Ć|Ŗk #Į¶UNw %Å 0:Ė^ w4)8 m:QNY˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$””ŌUSUS.,Ō’ų* Äpģ*4 k1`cŸ3|x’U‹’ĄĄĄ Ż ƒüœ!ŻŌUSUS.,ŌŻ  ŻŌ_Ōņ ņHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEŠ ° ŠĢņņŌ_ŌKulominŌ_Ō€Ō_Ōv.Ō_Ō€HungaryóóŠ ą ŠĢCommunication€No.€521/1992Š pĄ ŠĢ16€March€1994Š P   ŠĢŌ_ŌCCPRŌ_Ō/C/50/D/521/1992€*Š 0 € ŠĢĢADMISSIBILITYó óŠ P  ŠĢĢņņņņSubmitted€byóó:€€Vladimir€Ō_ŌKulominŌ_ŌŠ Š  ŠĢņņAlleged€victimóó:€€The€authorŠ ° ŠĢņņState€partyóó:€€HungaryŠ ą ŠĢņņDate€of€communicationóó:€€6€May€1992€(initial€submission)Š pĄ ŠĢņņDocument€referencesóó:€€Prior€decisions€„€Special€Rapporteurššs€rule€91€decision,€dated€28Š P  ŠDecember€1992€(not€issued€in€document€form)Š @ ŠĢņņDate€of€present€decisionóó:€€16€March€1994óóŠ  p ŠĢĢņņÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€acting€through€its€Working€Group€pursuant€to€rule€87,€paragraph€2,Š š@ Šof€the€Committeeššs€rules€of€procedure,€adopts€the€following€decision€on€admissibility.Š ą0 ŠÓ»ÓĢĢņņÓ  Óņ ņDecision€on€admissibilityó óóóŠ °"  ŠÓĄÓĢĢÓ  Ó1.€€€The€author€of€the€communication€is€Vladimir€Ō_ŌKulominŌ_Ō,€a€Russian€citizen,€born€at€St.€PetersburgŠ €%Š # Šin€1954,€currently€detained€at€Budapest,€Hungary.€€He€claims€to€be€a€victim€of€violations€of€hisŠ p&Ą!$ Šhuman€rights€by€Hungary.€€The€Optional€Protocol€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€andŠ `'°"% ŠPolitical€Rights€entered€into€force€for€Hungary€on€7€December€1988.Š P( #& ŠĢņņFacts€as€submitted€by€the€authoróóŠ 0*€%( ŠĢÓ'°‚X'™X°œX'Ó2.1€€€The€author€lived€in€Budapest,€Hungary,€and€was€a€Ō_ŌneighbourŌ_Ō€of€one€D.T.€and€the€latterššsŠ ,`'* Šgirlfriend,€K.G.€€On€25€July€1988,€the€author€accompanied€D.T.€and€K.G.€to€her€fatherššs€house;€K.G.Š -P(+ Šhad€said€that€they€wanted€to€pick€up€some€documents€and€that€they€needed€the€authorššs€protectionŠ š-@), Šbecause€her€father€was€mentally€disturbed.€€Upon€arrival,€K.G.ššs€father€ran€out€of€the€house€andŠ ° Šattacked€the€author.€€When€the€author€pushed€him€away,€he€fell;€K.G.€and€D.T.,€who€claimed€thatŠ  š Šhe€was€dangerous€and€capable€of€anything,€then€tied€him€up.€€After€K.G.€had€told€him€that€she€hadŠ ą Štelephoned€the€psychiatric€hospital€and€that€they€would€pick€up€her€father,€the€author€left€the€scene.Š €Š ŠĢĢ2.2€€€On€8€August€1988,€while€he€was€in€St.€Peterburg,€the€author€received€a€phone€call€from€D.T.Š P   Šand€K.G.€€He€states€that€he€only€learned€at€that€moment€that€K.G.ššs€father€had€died,€but€that€they€didŠ @  Šnot€tell€him€about€the€circumstances€of€his€death.Š 0 € ŠĢ2.3€€€On€16€August€1988,€the€author€returned€to€Budapest€by€train.€€Two€days€later,€he€was€arrestedŠ `  Šat€the€Russian„Hungarian€border€by€the€Hungarian€police,€charged€with€the€murder€of€K.G.ššs€father,Š P  Šand€brought€to€Budapest.€€The€author€complains€that€he€was€not€allowed€to€call€his€lawyer,€or€theŠ š@  ŠRussian€consul.€€After€three€days€of€interrogation,€in€the€presence€of€an€interpreter,€he€was€given€aŠ ą0  Šform€to€sign.€€The€police€allegedly€told€him€that€this€was€intended€for€the€Russian€consul;€however,Š Š  Šit€was€intended€for€an€extension€by€30€days€of€his€provisional€custody.Š Ą ŠĢ2.4€€€The€author€was€detained€at€the€police€station€for€five€months.€€In€this€context€he€states:€€š šTheŠ  š Šlast€two€months€they€did€not€lead€me€to€interrogation€and€I€even€thought€everybody€had€forgottenŠ ą Šabout€me.€€It€was€terrible.€€I€did€not€understand€one€word€of€Hungarian.€€In€my€baggage€I€had€aŠ €Š ŠHungarian€grammar€book€and€dictionaries€but€the€police€did€not€allow€me€to€study€Hungarian.€Š pĄ ŠStaying€in€the€police€station,€I€asked€for€my€lawyer€and€Russian€consul€every€day€in€written€form,Š `° Šbut€without€result€(no€answer).€€Moreover,€I€could€not€write€to€anywhere€for€five€months.šš€€It€appearsŠ P  Šfrom€the€authorššs€submissions€that€a€preliminary€hearing€was€held€in€the€first€three€months€after€hisŠ @ Šarrest;€he€submits€that€he€then€learned€that€K.G.€(Who€had€been€arrested€on€15€August€1988)€hadŠ 0€ Šimplicated€him€in€the€crime,€that€there€was€no€evidence€against€him€other€than€her€testimony,€andŠ  p Šthat€the€hearing€took€place€before€a€public€prosecutor.ņņ1óó€€In€January€1989,€the€author€was€transferredŠ ` Što€a€prison€where€he€was€given€the€opportunity€to€study€Hungarian.Š P ŠĢ2.5€€€As€to€his€legal€representation€and€the€preparation€of€his€Ō_ŌdefenceŌ_Ō,€the€author€states€that,€prior€toŠ ą0 Šthe€trial,€he€wrote€several€letters€to€the€Public€Prosecutorššs€office.€€In€August€1989,€he€was€allowedŠ Š  Šduring€six€days€to€examine€the€š šprotocolšš€(depositions)€so€as€to€be€able€to€prepare€his€Ō_ŌdefenceŌ_Ō.ņņ2óó€TheŠ Ą! Šauthor€complains€that€his€letters€were€not€included€and€that€he€had€too€little€time€to€examine€the€file,Š °"  Šwhich€consisted€of€600€pages.€€He€submits€that,€after€examining€the€documents,€he€met€with€hisŠ  #š! Šlawyer€for€the€first€time.€€He€complains€that€the€lawyer€was€old€and€incapable.€€In€this€context€heŠ $ą" Šsubmits€that,€although€he€met€with€the€lawyer€five€times€prior€to€the€trial,€they€had€to€review€the€fileŠ €%Š # Ševery€time€from€the€start€and€that€after€the€twelfth€day€of€the€trial,€his€lawyer€asked€him€who€K.G.Š p&Ą!$ Šactually€was.Š `'°"% ŠĢ2.6€€€On€26€September€1989,€the€trial€began€in€the€Municipal€Court€of€Budapest.€€The€author€wasŠ @)$' Štried€together€with€K.G.€€The€hearing€took€place€during€14€days,€spread€over€a€period€of€four€months.€Š 0*€%( ŠThe€author€reiterates€that€there€was€no€evidence€against€him.€€Under€cross„examination,€K.G.Š  +p&) Šchanged€her€testimony€on€six€different€occasions;€according€to€the€author,€her€allegations€against€himŠ ,`'* Šthus€became€baseless.€€Furthermore,€none€of€the€prosecution€witnesses€incriminated€him.Š -P(+ ŠŠ š-@), ŠŌ_Ō2.7€€€The€author€further€submits€that€during€the€trial€the€judge€conceded€that€D.T.€together€with€K.G.Š ° Šhad€planned€the€murder.€€He€complains€that,€despite€this€finding,€no€effort€was€made€to€find€D.T.,Š  š Šnor€was€the€latter€sentenced€ņņin€absentiaóó.€€Furthermore,€the€author€alleges€that€when€he€complainedŠ ą Što€the€judge€about€his€unfair€treatment€she€replied€that€he€should€complain€about€such€matters€inŠ €Š ŠSiberia€and€that€she€wanted€him€to€be€the€last€Russian€in€Hungary.ņņ3óó€€He€submits€that€the€judgeššsŠ pĄ Šdiscriminatory€remarks€were€deleted€from€the€trial€transcript,€but€that€they€are€recorded€on€tape.€€OnŠ ` ° Š8€February€1990,€the€author€was€found€guilty€of€homicide€committed€with€great€cruelty€andŠ P   Šsentenced€to€10€yearsšš€imprisonment,€with€subsequent€expulsion€from€Hungary.Š @  ŠĢ2.8€€€The€author€subsequently€appealed€to€the€Supreme€Court€of€Hungary,€on€the€following€grounds:Š  p  ŠĢ€€(a)€The€trial€judge€ruled€that€the€author€had€admitted€his€guilt,€whereas€his€statements€to€the€policeŠ P  Šand€depositions€made€at€the€preliminary€hearing€proved€otherwise;Š š@  ŠĢ€€(b)€The€judge€ruled€that€the€blood€found€on€the€victim€belonged€to€the€author,€whereas,€accordingŠ Š  Što€the€forensic€expert,€this€evidence€was€highly€questionable;Š Ą ŠĢ€€(c)€The€pathologist€testified€that€the€deceased€died€sometime€between€25€and€28€July€1988,€afterŠ  š Šprolonged€torture.€€The€judge€ruled€that€the€deceased€died€on€25€July€1988€(the€day€the€author€hadŠ ą Šaccompanied€D.T.€and€K.G.€to€the€deceasedššs€house),€thereby€implicating€the€author€in€the€crime.Š €Š ŠĢ2.9€€€On€30€October€1990,€the€Supreme€Court€dismissed€the€authorššs€appeal€and€sentenced€him€toŠ `° Šanother€four€years€of€imprisonment,€as€it€qualified€the€act€for€which€the€author€had€been€convictedŠ P  Šby€the€court€of€first€instance€as€an€offence€committed€with€the€objective€of€financial€gain.€€TheŠ @ Šauthor€points€out€that€he€had€not€been€charged€with€robbery€or€theft€and€that€there€was€no€suchŠ 0€ Ševidence€against€him.€€According€to€the€author,€the€Supreme€Courtššs€decision€is€further€proof€ofŠ  p Šdiscrimination€against€him.€€He€further€alleges€that€his€lawyer€was€denied€the€right€to€explain€hisŠ ` Šcase,€and€that€the€Supreme€Court€simply€ignored€the€many€contradictions€in€the€trial€transcript.Š P ŠĢ2.10€€€The€author€subsequently€wrote€to€the€Attorney„General,€but€received€no€reply.€€Finally,€heŠ ą0 Šapplied€to€the€President€of€the€Supreme€Court€for€review€of€his€case.€€On€12€December€1991,€theŠ Š  ŠSupreme€Court€dismissed€the€authorššs€application.€€With€this,€it€is€submitted,€all€domestic€remediesŠ Ą! Šhave€been€exhausted.Š °"  ŠĢņņComplaintóóŠ $ą" ŠĢ3.€€€Although€the€author€does€not€invoke€any€of€the€provisions€of€the€International€Covenant€on€CivilŠ p&Ą!$ Šand€Political€Rights,€it€appears€from€his€submissions€that€he€claims€to€be€a€victim€of€violations€byŠ `'°"% ŠHungary€of€articles€9,€10,€14€and€26€of€the€Covenant.Š P( #& ŠĢņņState€partyššs€information€and€observations€and€authorššs€commentsóóŠ 0*€%( ŠĢ4.1€€€In€its€submission€of€25€March€1993,€the€State€party€points€out€that€the€Optional€Protocol€enteredŠ ,`'* Šinto€force€for€Hungary€on€7€December€1988,€and€argues€that,€in€view€of€the€provisions€of€article€28Š -P(+ Šof€the€Vienna€Convention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties,€the€Committee€has€no€competence€to€considerŠ š-@), Šindividual€complaints€that€refer€to€events€that€occurred€prior€to€the€date€of€entry€into€force€of€theŠ ° ŠOptional€Protocol€for€Hungary.€€It€submits€that,€accordingly,€the€Committee€is€precluded€ņņrationeŠ  š Štemporisóó€from€considering€the€authorššs€complaints€in€so€far€as€they€relate€to€his€arrest€and€the€firstŠ ą Šfew€months€of€his€detention.ņņ4óóŠ €Š ŠĢ4.2€€€The€State€party€further€argues€that€the€Committee€is€not€competent€to€consider€allegedŠ ` ° Šviolations€of€rights€that€are€not€set€forth€in€the€Covenant.€€It€submits€that€the€Covenant€contains€noŠ P   Šprovision€preventing€a€jury€from€freely€considering€the€facts€that€were€established€during€the€processŠ @  Šof€evaluation€of€the€evidence€drawing€reasonable€conclusions€with€respect€to€the€guilt€of€the€accusedŠ 0 € Šand€qualifying€the€act€from€the€established€facts.€€It€is€submitted€that,€accordingly,€the€CommitteeŠ  p  Šcannot€consider€the€authorššs€complaint€ņņratione€materiaeóó.Š `  ŠĢ4.3€€€The€State€party€further€submits€that,€similarly,€the€Committee€has€no€competence€to€considerŠ š@  Šthe€authorššs€complaint€that€D.T.,€a€Bulgarian€citizen,€was€not€prosecuted€or€sentenced.€€It€explainsŠ ą0  Šthat€D.T.€disappeared€during€the€proceedings€and€that€the€court€of€first€instance€issued€a€warrant€ofŠ Š  Šarrest€against€him.€€The€State€party€further€explains€that€it€did€not€request€the€Bulgarian€authoritiesŠ Ą Što€extradite€D.T.€since,€under€Hungarian„Bulgarian€Extradition€Treaty,€extradition€is€not€possibleŠ ° Šwhen€the€person€to€be€extradited€is€a€citizen€of€the€other€Signatory€Party.Š  š ŠĢ4.4€€€The€State€party€concedes€that€the€author€has€exhausted€available€domestic€remedies€in€his€case.€Š €Š ŠIt€submits€however€that€the€author€did€not€exhaust€domestic€remedies€in€respect€of€his€complaint€thatŠ pĄ Šthe€prison€authorities€obstructed€his€contacts€with€the€outside.€€It€contends€that,€in€accordance€withŠ `° Šparagraph€36,€(f),€section€(1),€of€Decree€11€of€1979€on€the€execution€of€penal€measures,€the€authorŠ P  Šcould€have€filed€a€complaint€to€the€competent€authorities€if€he€believed€that€he€had€been€obstructedŠ @ Šin€maintaining€contacts€with€other€persons.€€Furthermore,€pursuant€to€paragraph€22€of€Decree€8/1979Š 0€ Š(VI.30)€of€the€Ministry€of€Justice,€any€convict€may€submit€a€complaint€requesting€a€remedy€againstŠ  p Špersonal€injury.€€The€competent€authorities€of€the€penitentiary€institution€are€obliged€to€examine€theŠ ` Šcomplaint€and€the€request.€€If€the€convict€is€not€satisfied€with€the€measures€undertaken,€he€mayŠ P Šsubmit€a€complaint€to€the€officer€in€charge€of€the€institution,€who€must€take€a€decision€within€15Š š@ Šdays.€€If€the€convict€is€not€satisfied€with€the€officerššs€decision€either,€the€headquarters€of€theŠ ą0 ŠHungarian€penitentiary€administration€will€examine€the€complaint.€€The€State€party€concludes€thatŠ Š  Šthe€author€has€not€availed€himself€of€his€right€to€submit€a€complaint,€and€therefore€has€not€exhaustedŠ Ą! Šdomestic€remedies€in€this€respect.Š °"  ŠĢ5.€€€In€his€reply€dated€5€May€1993,€the€author€challenges€the€State€partyššs€contention€that€part€of€theŠ $ą" Šcommunication€is€inadmissible€ņņratione€temporisóó;€he€asks€whether€before€the€date€of€entry€into€forceŠ €%Š # Šof€the€Optional€Protocol€for€Hungary€there€was€a€law€in€Hungary€under€which€it€was€allowed€toŠ p&Ą!$ Šmislead€an€accused€with€the€help€of€an€interpreter,€or€to€sentence€an€innocent€man€to€14€yearsššŠ `'°"% Šimprisonment€without€proof.Š P( #& ŠĢņņIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€CommitteeóóŠ 0*€%( ŠĢ6.1€€€Before€considering€any€claim€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeŠ ,`'* Šmust€decide,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€rules€of€procedure,€whether€or€not€it€is€admissibleŠ -P(+ Šunder€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.Š š-@), Ї6.2€€€The€Committee€observes€that€the€Optional€Protocol€entered€into€force€for€Hungary€on€7Š ° ŠDecember€1988.€€It€recalls€that€the€Optional€Protocol€cannot€be€applied€retroactively€and€that€theŠ  š ŠCommittee€is€precluded€ņņratione€temporisóó€from€examining€alleged€violations€of€the€Covenant€in€soŠ ą Šfar€as€the€alleged€events€occurred€prior€to€the€date€of€entry€into€force€of€the€Optional€Protocol€for€theŠ €Š ŠState€party€concerned.€€It€notes€that,€in€the€instant€case,€some€part€of€the€authorššs€pre„trial€detention,Š pĄ Šas€well€as€his€trial,€occurred€after€7€December€1988.€€The€Committee€therefore€is€not€precluded€fromŠ ` ° Šconsidering€the€authorššs€claims€under€articles€9€and€10€in€so€far€as€they€related€to€that€period€of€time.Š P   ŠĢ6.3€€€With€respect€to€the€authorššs€complaint€that€one€of€the€suspects€in€the€case€has€not€beenŠ 0 € Šprosecuted€and€convicted,€the€Committee€observes€that€the€Covenant€does€not€provide€for€the€rightŠ  p  Što€see€another€person€criminally€prosecuted.€€Accordingly,€it€finds€that€this€part€of€theŠ `  Šcommunication€is€inadmissible€as€incompatible€with€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant,€pursuant€toŠ P  Šarticle€3€of€the€Optional€Protocol.Š š@  ŠĢ6.4€€€The€State€party€submits€that€the€Committee€has€no€competence€to€examine€the€authorššs€claimsŠ Š  Šrelating€to€the€judicial€proceedings€against€him,€as€the€Covenant€does€not€contain€a€provision€dealingŠ Ą Šwith€a€situation€in€which,€in€a€trial€by€jury,€the€jury€does€not€have€the€possibility€to€consider€freelyŠ ° Šthe€facts€and€the€evidence€in€a€particular€case.€€The€Committee€observes,€however,€that€the€authorŠ  š Šclaims€that€he€did€not€have€a€fair€trial,€within€the€meaning€of€article€14€of€the€Covenant.€€It€is€inŠ ą Šprinciple€for€the€courts€of€States€parties€to€the€Covenant,€and€not€for€the€Committee,€to€evaluate€factsŠ €Š Šand€evidence€in€a€particular€case,€unless€it€can€be€ascertained€that€the€proceedings€were€manifestlyŠ pĄ Šarbitrary€or€amounted€to€a€denial€of€justice,€or€that€the€judge€manifestly€violated€his€obligation€ofŠ `° Šimpartiality.€€In€this€context,€the€Committee€notes€that€the€author€claims€that€he€was€discriminatedŠ P  Šagainst€because€of€his€nationality.€€The€Committee€is€of€the€opinion€that€these€issues€should€beŠ @ Šexamined€on€them€merits.Š 0€ ŠĢ7.€€€The€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decides:Š ` ŠĢ€€(a)€That€the€communication€is€admissible€inasmuch€as€it€appears€to€raise€issues€under€articles€9,Š š@ Š10,€14€and€26€of€the€Covenant;Š ą0 ŠĢ€€(b)€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€party€shallŠ Ą! Šbe€requested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€transmittal€to€it€of€thisŠ °"  Šdecision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€measures,€if€any,€that€mayŠ  #š! Šhave€been€by€it.€€The€State€party€is€further€requested€to€provide€the€Committee€with€a€translation€ofŠ $ą" Šthe€judgement€of€the€court€of€first€instance€and€of€the€judgement€of€the€Supreme€Court€in€the€case.€Š €%Š # ŠIt€is€also€requested€to€provide€the€Committee€with€the€exact€dates€of€the€authorššs€detention€at€theŠ p&Ą!$ Špolice€station€and€at€the€general€penitentiary;Š `'°"% ŠĢ€€(c)€That€any€explanations€or€statements€received€from€the€State€party€shall€be€communicated€byŠ @)$' Šthe€Secretary„General,€under€rule€93,€paragraph€3,€of€the€rules€of€procedure,€to€the€author,€with€theŠ 0*€%( Šrequest€that€any€comments€which€he€may€wish€to€make€should€reach€the€Human€Rights€Committee,Š  +p&) Šin€care€of€the€Centre€for€Human€Rights,€United€Nations€Office€at€Geneva,€within€six€weeks€of€theŠ ,`'* Šdate€of€the€transmittal;Š -P(+ ŠŠ š-@), Š€€(d)€That€this€decision€shall€be€communicated€to€the€State€party€and€to€the€author.Š ° ŠĢ[Done€in€English,€French€and€Spanish,€the€English€text€being€the€original€version.]Š ą ŠĢĢ___________Š ` ° ŠĢ*/€€All€persons€handling€this€document€are€requested€to€respect€and€observe€its€confidential€nature.Š @  ŠĢ1/€€It€is€not€clear€whether€the€author€benefited€from€legal€assistance€during€the€preliminary€hearing.€Š  p  ŠIn€one€of€his€submissions,€he€states€that:€€š šfour€of€my€lawyers€were€assigned€to€me€by€the€judicialŠ `  Šauthorities,€but€not€at€the€same€time;€they€came€one€after€another.šš€€In€view€of€the€fact€that€theŠ P  Šauthorššs€English€is€poor,€it€has€to€be€assumed€that€by€š špublic€prosecutoršš€he€means€an€examiningŠ š@  Šmagistrate.Š ą0  ŠĢ2/€€The€author€was€assisted€by€an€interpreter€during€these€six€days.Š Ą ŠĢ3/€€In€this€context,€the€author€states€that:€€š šThe€judge€is€anti„Soviet€but€it€is€not€my€fault€that€HungaryŠ  š Šwas€on€bad€terms€with€the€Soviet€Union.ššŠ ą ŠĢ4/€€The€State€party€specifies€these€complaints€as:€€the€circumstances€of€the€arrest,€the€level€ofŠ pĄ Šinterpretation€provided€to€the€author,€the€appointment€of€a€legal€aid€attorney,€the€obligation€to€bringŠ `° Šthe€case€to€court,€maintaining€contacts,€etc.