ÿWPC½ v=ðálE¼÷ 0ú‹s7ëÏ•·«ƒjé¾9sÓ²1fèt°µl.nn£oï$š9UôÃv ë«™‹FñY kè/MĈ>R#˜‡Ð]üNs>ëݬРñ½‚™sê $-3a¬ìݰho›m‚v@R3µ‹úh©ÅàAŽF7Ž$Jºzm­;Zï¹.16Jû"ˆdì±’žXþð;¤7Ó=3Kf»QKŠ›ªù¦ƒ˜q»¤†f52ÚÆè)ÕqUÚ7½d¼üßûÏ[Íh²3àÉ Û¡¯@l'úYoŠ°Ç¶òгºƒ~¬$É+ëˆKã´«Sµó”ÁùÁ_ì±aq÷ItJ£Ö.^ëm™Áîjæzï§!,ï–ãº#ÁzUN; %‰^  0:› 1‡Õ 72\ 0cŽ 0wñ 0Šh 0 ò 0´’ 0ÇF 0Û 0ïè 0D× 1u 72 1‡Â 72Iw{4“¢ m¤N»˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularXí¨ú* (ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ô hàÈCEIMQUY]aAutoList1""""""""i)1)a)"(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à(Oé;$µµà0  àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#à(b·¤$¶¶à0  àà0` (#(#àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#à(xir$··à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àÔ2#Ô(Ú  Ú0Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0¸ (#¸ (#à(ŒÜ$¸¸à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àÔ2#Ô(Ú  ÚaÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0h(#(#à(ŸF$¹¹à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àÔ2#Ô(Ú  ÚÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0Àh(#h(#à(³Àô$ººà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àÔ2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0À(#À(#à(ǵ{$»»à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0p(#(#à(F$ïïà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àÔ2#ÔÙ ÙÚ  ÚÚ  ÚÙ Ù)Ô3  Ôà0Èp(#p(#àÙ Ù3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i) hðÈCEIMQUY]aAutoList2""""""""i)1)a)"Äpì* £Ÿ3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôšò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòPons€v.€SpainóóÐ à ÐÌCommunication€No.€454/1991Ð pÀ ÐÌ30€June€1994Ð P   ÐÌÔ_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/51/D/454/1991*Ð 0 € ÐÌÌADMISSIBILITYó óÐ P  ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€Enrique€Ô_ÔGarcaÔ_Ô€PonsÐ Ð  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimóó:€The€authorÐ ° ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€SpainÐ à ÐÌòòDate€of€communicationóó:€29€December€1990€(initial€submission)Ð pÀ ÐÌòòDocumentation€referencesóó:€òòPrior€decisionsóó:€„€Special€Rapporteurððs€rule€91€transmitted€to€theÐ P  ÐState€party€on€5€August€1991€(not€issued€in€document€form)Ð @ ÐÌòòDate€of€present€decisionóó:€30€June€1994óóÐ  p ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€acting€through€its€Working€Group€pursuant€to€rule€87,€paragraph€2,Ð ð@ Ðof€the€Committeeððs€rules€of€procedure,€adopts€the€following€decision€on€admissibilityÐ à0 ÐÌÌòòò òÓ  ÓDecision€on€admissibilityó óóóÐ °"  ÐÓ‡ÓÌÌ1.€€€€€The€author€of€the€communication€is€Enrique€Ô_ÔGarcaÔ_Ô€Pons,€a€Spanish€citizen€aged€43,€currentlyÐ €%Ð # Ðresiding€in€Badalona,€Spain.€€He€claims€to€be€a€victim€of€violations€by€Spain€of€articles€14,Ð p&À!$ Ðparagraph€1,€25(c),€and€26€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.Ð `'°"% ÐÌòòThe€facts€as€submitted€by€the€authoróó:Ð @)$' ÐÌ2.1€€€€€The€author€is€a€civil€servant.€€Until€1986,€he€was€assigned€to€the€sub„office€of€the€NationalÐ  +p&) ÐEmployment€Agency€(Ô_ÔInstitutoÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔNacionalÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔEmpleoÔ_Ô)€in€the€municipality€of€Badalona.€€On€20Ð ,`'* ÐDecember€1986,€he€was€nominated€substitute€for€the€District€Judge€of€Badalona,€a€function€whichÐ -P(+ Ðhe€performed€until€16€October€1987;€following€his€nomination,€he€requested€his€employer,€theÐ ð-@), ÐMinistry€of€Labour€and€Social€Security€(Ô_ÔINEMÔ_Ô),€to€Ô_ÔofficializeÔ_Ô€his€change€of€status€and€to€certify€thatÐ ° Ðhe€was,€in€terms€of€administrative€status,€assigned€to€ð ðspecial€servicesðð.€€The€Ministry€did€not€grantÐ  ð Ðhis€request.Ð à ÐÌ2.2€€€€€Later€in€1987,€the€author€was€again€nominated€substitute€District€Judge€of€Badalona;€he€didÐ pÀ Ðnot,€however,€assume€his€functions,€since€the€post€of€District€Judge€had€been€taken€up€by€a€newÐ ` ° Ðjudge.€€The€author€therefore€requested€unemployment€benefits€(òòÔ_ÔprestacionesÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔdesempleoÔ_Ôóó).€€Again,Ð P   Ðhe€requested€the€formal€recognition€of€his€administrative€status,€but€his€employer€did€not€process€hisÐ @  Ðrequest.€€The€same€situation€prevailed€in€1988;€the€author€therefore€filed€a€complaint€with€theÐ 0 € Ðcompetent€administrative€tribunal€against€the€Ô_ÔInstitutoÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔNacionalÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔEmpleoÔ_Ô,€requesting€Ô_ÔunemplymentÔ_ÔÐ  p  Ðbenefits.€€On€27€may€1988,€the€Ô_ÔJuzgadoÔ_Ô€de€lo€social€No.€9€(Barcelona)€rejected€his€request:€the€judgeÐ `  Ðargued€that€the€author€was€free€to€reincorporate€himself€in€his€former€post,€and€that€what€he€reallyÐ P  Ðintended€was€to€leave€his€post€and€to€claim€unemployment€benefits,€so€as€to€be€able€to€prepare€hisÐ ð@  Ðentrance€into€a€judicial€career.Ð à0  ÐÌ2.3€€€€€On€11€May€1989,€the€Ô_ÔInstitutoÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔNacionalÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔEmpleoÔ_Ô€declared€the€author€to€be€on€ð ðvoluntaryÐ À Ðleave€of€absenceðð€since€the€end€of€1986.€€The€author€contested€this€decision€and€continued€toÐ ° Ðassume,€whenever€called€upon€to€do€so,€the€functions€of€a€substituted€district€judge.€€He€argued€thatÐ  ð Ðsince€all€substitute€judges€contribute€to€unemployment€benefit€insurance,€he€himself€should€be€ableÐ à Ðto€benefit€from€its€coverage.€€He€appealed€on€these€grounds€against€the€decision€of€27€may€1988€toÐ €Ð Ðthe€Tribunal€Superior€de€Ô_ÔJusticiaÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔCataluaÔ_Ô€which,€on€30€April€1990,€dismissed€his€appeal.Ð pÀ ÐÌ2.4€€€€€On€22€June€1990,€the€author€filed€a€òòÔ_ÔrecursoÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔamparoÔ_Ôóó€with€the€Constitutional€Tribunal.€€OnÐ P  Ð21€September€1990,€the€Constitutional€Tribunal€rejected€his€complaint.€€The€author€re„petitioned€theÐ @ ÐConstitutional€Tribunal€on€10€November€1990,€pointing€out€that€he€was€the€only€substitute€judge€inÐ 0€ Ðall€of€Spain€to€whom€unemployment€benefits€had€been€denied,€and€that€this€situation€violated€hisÐ  p Ðconstitutional€rights.€€On€3€December€1990,€the€Constitutional€Tribunal€confirmed€its€earlierÐ ` Ðdecision.€€With€this,€the€author€submits,€available€domestic€remedies€have€been€exhausted.Ð P ÐÌòòThe€complaintóó:Ð à0 ÐÌ3.€€€€€The€author€alleges€to€be€a€victim€of€denial€of€equality€before€the€courts,€as€provided€for€inÐ À! Ðarticle€14,€discrimination€in€access€to€public€service,€in€violation€of€article€25,€paragraph€c,€and€ofÐ °"  Ðdiscrimination€because€of€denial€of€unemployment€benefits,€in€contravention€of€article€26€of€theÐ  #ð! ÐCovenant.Ð $à" ÐÌòòThe€State€partyððs€observations€and€the€authorððs€comments€thereonóó:Ð p&À!$ ÐÌ4.1€€In€a€submission€dated€17€September€1991,€the€Spanish€Foreign€Ministry€states€that€ð ðtheÐ P( #& Ðcommunication€of€Mr.€Ô_ÔGarcaÔ_Ô€Pons€satisfies,€in€principle,€the€conditions€of€admissibility€set€forthÐ @)$' Ðin€articles€3€and€5,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol€...€and€that€it€is€not€incompatible€with€theÐ 0*€%( Ðprovisions€of€the€Covenantðð.€€While€not€objecting€to€the€communicationððs€admissibility,€it€indicatedÐ  +p&) Ðthat€it€will,€in€due€course,€make€submissions€on€the€merits.Ð ,`'* ÐÌ4.2€€€€€In€a€further€submission€dated€23€September€1991,€the€Spanish€Ministry€of€Justice€argues€thatÐ ð-@), ÐÔ_Ôthe€communication€should€be€declared€inadmissible€òòratione€materiaeóó€under€article€3€of€the€OptionalÐ ° ÐProtocol,€as€incompatible€with€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant.€€With€respect€to€the€authorððs€claimÐ  ð Ðfor€unemployment€benefits,€it€is€argued€that€the€Covenant€does€not€protect€such€a€right,€and€that€thisÐ à Ðaspect€of€the€communication€is€inadmissible;€reference€is€made€to€the€Committeeððs€inadmissibilityÐ €Ð Ðdecisions€in€communications€Nos.€53/1979€(òòK.B.€v.€Norwayóó),€117/1981€(òòF.A.€v.€Italyóó),€andÐ pÀ Ð129/1982€(òòI.M.€vóó.€òòNorwayóó).€€In€this€respect,€however,€the€Ministry€concedes€that€the€author€hasÐ ` ° Ðexhausted€available€administrative€and€judicial€remedies.€€As€to€the€authorððs€allegations€with€respectÐ P   Ðto€access€to€public€service,€the€Ministry€claims€that€the€author€has€not€sufficiently€substantiated€hisÐ @  Ðclaims€and€points€out€that€Mr.€Garca€Pons€has€continued€his€activity€as€substitute€judge€in€the€yearsÐ 0 € Ð1990„91€and€1991„92,€and€that€therefore€he€has€not€been€a€victim€of€a€violation€of€article€25,Ð  p  Ðparagraph€c.€€As€to€his€claim€of€being€a€victim€of€unequal€treatment,€the€Ministry€argues€that€noÐ `  Ðidentical€or€comparable€cases€have€been€adduced€to€prove€an€allegation€of€discrimination.Ð P  ÐÌ4.3€€€€€By€note€verbale€of€14€October€1991,€the€Permanent€Delegation€of€Spain€clarified€that€theÐ à0  ÐGovernment€of€Spain€would€not€object€to€the€admissibility€of€the€communication.Ð Ð  ÐÌ5.1€€€€€On€22€October€1991€the€author€responded€to€the€objections€of€the€Spanish€Ministry€of€Justice,Ð ° Ðexplaining€that€he€does€not€claim€that€the€right€to€unemployment€benefits€is€protected€in€theÐ  ð ÐCovenant€as€such,€but€that€his€claim€concerns€alleged€discrimination€in€the€disbursement€of€suchÐ à Ðbenefits.Ð €Ð ÐÌ5.2€€€€€With€respect€to€his€allegation€of€a€violation€of€article€25,€paragraph€c,€of€the€Covenant,€theÐ `° Ðauthor€explains€that€he€does€not€claim€to€be€a€victim€of€denial€of€access€to€public€service,€but€ofÐ P  Ðdenial€of€access€under€conditions€of€equality.Ð @ ÐÌòòIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€Committeeóó:Ð  p ÐÌ6.1€€€€€Before€considering€any€claim€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ P Ðmust,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€rules€of€procedure,€decide€whether€or€not€it€is€admissibleÐ ð@ Ðunder€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.Ð à0 ÐÌ6.2€€€€The€Committee€has€ascertained,€as€required€under€article€5,€paragraph€2(a),€of€the€OptionalÐ À! ÐProtocol,€that€the€same€matter€is€not€being€examined€under€another€procedure€of€internationalÐ °"  Ðinvestigation€or€settlement.Ð  #ð! ÐÌ6.3€€€€€The€Committee€finds€that€the€author€has€substantiated€his€allegations,€for€purposes€ofÐ €%Ð # Ðadmissibility,€and€is€satisfied€that€the€communication€is€not€inadmissible€under€articles€1,€2,€or€3€ofÐ p&À!$ Ðthe€Optional€Protocol.€€It€further€notes€that€the€State€party€concedes€that€domestic€remedies€haveÐ `'°"% Ðbeen€exhausted.€€Accordingly,€on€the€basis€of€the€information€before€it,€the€Committee€concludesÐ P( #& Ðthat€the€communication€is€admissible€insofar€as€it€may€raise€issues€under€articles€14,€25€and€26€ofÐ @)$' Ðthe€Covenant.Ð 0*€%( ÐÌ7.€€€€€The€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decides:Ð ,`'* ÐÌà  à(a)€€€that€the€communication€is€admissible€inasmuch€as€it€may€raise€issues€under€articles€14,Ð ð-@), Ð25€and€26€of€the€Covenant;Ð ° ÐÌà  à(b)€€€that,€in€accordance€with€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€partyÐ à Ðshall€be€requested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€transmittal€to€it€ofÐ €Ð Ðthis€decision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€measures,€if€any,€thatÐ pÀ Ðmay€have€been€taken€by€it;Ð ` ° ÐÌà  à(c)€€€that€any€explanations€or€statements€received€from€the€State€party€shall€be€communicatedÐ @  Ðto€the€author€with€the€request€that€nay€comments€that€he€may€wish€to€submit€thereon€should€reachÐ 0 € Ðthe€Committee,€in€care€of€Centre€for€Human€Rights,€United€Nations€Office€at€Geneva,€within€sixÐ  p  Ðweeks€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal;Ð `  ÐÌà  à(d)€€€that€this€decision€shall€be€transmitted€to€the€State€party€and€to€the€author.Ð ð@  ÐÌ[Adopted€in€English,€French€and€Spanish,€the€English€text€being€the€original€version.]Ð Ð  ÐÌ____________Ð ° ÐÌ*/€€€All€persons€handling€this€document€are€requested€to€respect€and€observe€its€confidential€nature.