ÿWPC  [BI°_'Ètd+Ð)²Í!ÅçˇÆeûÊøy»G&”ý艧þ±£í,ƒw BÚ!ëœòÊàW‘Ôä¦ÝN/›Õ^oËSá#+† V`5¾©Ó"S©£¦R»Zƒäp{=”¸þ57Nj g«)ÓšF¿é[£ öE¾ÃÀ(Þõ§múà}UÞê¨7H1’IMÁ TþM¿úítŠ‘ÂÝ}h àlÎBCÙß$Ü?÷]µË@ÿ X7Ü®tÒdSÛ¥è/ÅÂZ£Ÿ‘é€WE|¢œnH1€sâC¿¿q3QUج®·ôôH–#܆ÎÖÑûï1–5CÝ_ŸÎŒƒß¯+_ô ß}øst½°Çö7ÿ¢îj•Æ%ÎäùȲÉä©í.B€£©}ö±Y…Y¥{f£,¹-î1î?@\'p‡úN%ç9FÞötý1g.ÇÝ–þ¹à •(,ñlÔz •eJyÁ³G ×i¸Ú@ù¦›í{ñoŒeÕ/ö.| 1ßàÙ8g[8CÚ’îówlUˆ§…Ï~îg’qöWKù›MЕ³¹…w‚UiÒ_ž+Ñ=º‹'8Ïw¾ß²ãK j€§29zÙÔ£ŽÕ2›—²U>BÌ€ 0nL 0iº 0Y# 0_| 0&ÛU6  7 0ÆG #Á UNÎ % M" (& NN ^ P w\ 4` t mv ô\  `‹&Times New Roman' United Nations Human Rights Website - Treaty Bodies Database - Document - Jurisprudence - 4nt - Jurisprudence - "Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   <ÿÿ:Default ParaÔ€ôôôÔÔ€XXXÔ< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô<qyÿÿ:HTML TypewriÔ€ôôôÔÔK€<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔÔS€ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔÔ  Ô<þ6X9`(‹Courier New#|x(že‚$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ Xa¨XX XÔÔ€Xa¨XX Xa¨ÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman Regular XI¬ú* Äpì*HÚÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ e‚!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ XfpXX XÔÔ€XfpXX XfpÔÔÔÝ  ÝÒ°ÜÒÒ°ÜÒÔ_Ôò òCOMMITTEE€AGAINST€TORTUREÐ ° ÐÌòòX.€v.€SpainóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No€23/1995Ð H˜ ÐÌ15€November€1995Ð  d ÐÌCAT/C/15/D/23/1995Ð à 0 ÐÌÌADMISSIBILITYó óÐ ’â  ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€Ô_ÔComisið;ðnÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔEspaolaÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔAyudaÔ_Ô€al€Ô_ÔRefugiadoÔ_ԀРD”  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimóó:€X€(Name€deleted)€Ð ` ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€Spain€Ð Ü, ÐÌòòDate€of€communicationóó:€20€January€1995€óóÐ ¨ø ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓÓ  ÓThe€Committee€against€Tortureóó,€established€under€article€17€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€andÐ Zª ÐOther€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,€Ð @ ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€15€November€1995,€Ð  \ ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð Ø( ÐÌÓ|ÓÐ Ðò òòòDecision€on€admissibilityó óóóÐ Š Ú ÐÓÓÌÌ1.€The€author€of€the€communication€is€the€Spanish€Refugee€Aid€Commission€[Ô_ÔComisið;ðnÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔEspaolaÔ_ÔÐ <#Œ" Ðde€Ô_ÔAyudaÔ_Ô€al€Ô_ÔRefugiadoÔ_Ô€(Ô_ÔCEARÔ_Ô)]€on€behalf€of€X,€an€Algerian€citizen€born€on€20€February€1958.€ItÐ "$r# Ðis€alleged€that€he€suffered€a€violation€of€article€3€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,Ð %X $ ÐInhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment€by€Spain€in€being€deported€to€Algeria€on€24Ð î%>!% ÐNovember€1994.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌòòThe€facts€as€submitted€by€the€authoróó€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ2.1€On€15€November€1993,€X€entered€Spanish€territory€through€the€town€of€Ô_ÔMelillaÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔtravellingÔ_Ô€onÐ l*¼%* Ða€false€French€passport.€He€was€detained€by€the€police€and€stated€that€he€wished€to€travel€toÐ R+¢&+ ÐGermany.€On€16€December€1993€he€was€brought€before€a€court€on€a€charge€of€falsification€ofÐ 8,ˆ', Ðdocuments€and€was€provisionally€released.€Ð -n(- Ї2.2€On€11€January€1994,€X€applied€for€asylum,€stating€that€he€was€a€member€of€the€outlawed€FrontÐ ° ÐÔ_ÔIslamiqueÔ_Ô€du€Ô_ÔSalutÔ_Ô€(Ô_ÔFISÔ_Ô)€in€Sidi€Bel„Abbes,€that€security€forces€had€come€to€his€house€to€look€forÐ –æ Ðhim,€and€that€he€feared€being€sentenced€to€death€if€detained.€Ð |Ì ÐÌ2.3€On€3€October€1994,€X's€request€for€recognition€as€a€refugee€was€rejected€by€the€Minister€ofÐ H˜ ÐJustice€and€he€was€ordered€to€leave€the€country€within€15€days.€On€13€October€1994,€X€applied€toÐ . ~ Ðthe€Ô_ÔAudienciaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔNacionalÔ_Ô€for€a€review€of€the€decision€and€suspension€of€the€expulsion€order.€On€9Ð  d ÐNovember€1994,€X€addressed€a€letter€to€the€Minister€of€Justice€asking,€if€his€presence€in€Spain€wasÐ ú J Ðto€be€found€undesirable,€to€be€sent€to€a€third€country.€Ð à 0 ÐÌ2.4€On€the€night€of€22€to€23€November€1994,€X€was€arrested€by€the€police€at€his€residence€and€atÐ ¬ ü  Ð11€a.m.€on€23€November€1994€he€was€put€on€board€an€aircraft€bound€for€Malaga€and€Madrid,Ð ’â  Ðwhence€he€would€be€expelled€to€Algeria.€Ô_ÔCEARÔ_Ô€states€that,€despite€numerous€attempts,€it€has€beenÐ xÈ  Ðunable€to€obtain€information€on€X's€whereabouts€since€23€November€1994.€Ð ^®  ÐÌ2.5€Ô_ÔCEARÔ_Ô€states€that€the€question€has€not€been€submitted€to€any€other€procedure€of€internationalÐ *z  Ðinvestigation€or€settlement,€and€that€X€has€exhausted€all€available€remedies.€Ð ` ÐÌòòThe€complaintóó€Ð Ü, ÐÌ3.€Ô_ÔCEARÔ_Ô€claims€that€the€Spanish€authorities€have€violated€article€3€of€the€Convention€by€sendingÐ ¨ø ÐX€back€to€Algeria€even€though€he€was€an€Ô_ÔFISÔ_Ô€member.€It€is€said€that€the€Spanish€authorities€did€notÐ ŽÞ Ðtake€into€account€the€existence€in€Algeria€of€a€consistent€pattern€of€gross,€flagrant€or€mass€violationsÐ tÄ Ðof€human€rights.€Reference€is€made€to€news€reports€of€continuing€human€rights€violations€in€Algeria.€Ð Zª ÐÌòòSubmissions€from€the€State€partyóó€Ð &v ÐÌ4.1€In€its€submissions€dated€30€June,€6€October€and€13€October€1995,€the€State€party€rejects€theÐ òB Ðallegations€by€Ô_ÔCEARÔ_Ô€as€incorrect€and€inaccurate.€It€is€claimed€that€X€illegally€entered€SpanishÐ Ø( Ðterritory€on€14€November€1993,€crossing€the€wire€near€the€Ô_ÔBeniÔ_Ô„Ô_ÔEnzarÔ_Ô€frontier.€He€had€previouslyÐ ¾ Ðleft€Algeria€and€crossed€Morocco.€On€15€November€he€was€arrested€as€he€sought€to€take€a€ship€fromÐ ¤ô ÐÔ_ÔMelillaÔ_Ô€to€the€Iberian€peninsula€using€a€false€French€passport.€He€did€not€at€that€time€state€that€hisÐ Š Ú Ðintention€was€to€seek€political€asylum€but€that€he€wished€to€work€in€Germany.€That€statement,€madeÐ p!À  Ðin€the€presence€of€a€lawyer€and€with€the€help€of€an€interpreter,€was€made€after€he€had€been€informedÐ V"¦! Ðof€his€rights,€at€which€time€he€announced€his€wish€to€report€his€detention€to€the€Algerian€consulate.€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌ4.2€The€communication€omits€to€mention€that€there€was€an€expulsion€hearing€in€the€presence€of€aÐ %X $ Ðlawyer€and€with€the€assistance€of€an€interpreter.€X€was€explicitly€informed€that€he€had€10€daysÐ î%>!% Ðduring€which€to€submit€his€claims.€The€State€party€emphasizes€that€X€made€absolutely€no€claimsÐ Ô&$"& Ðduring€the€expulsion€hearings€„€inexplicable€behaviour€in€an€individual€fearing€persecution€or€tortureÐ º' #' Ðin€his€own€country.€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ4.3€On€15€December,€a€month€after€his€detention,€X€was€ordered€to€be€expelled€but€the€order€wasÐ l*¼%* Ðnot€put€into€effect€because€legal€proceedings€were€still€pending.€On€16€December€the€criminal€courtÐ R+¢&+ Ðpassed€judgement€and€X€was€released.€X€made€no€application€for€asylum€in€Spain€until€11€JanuaryÐ 8,ˆ', Ð1994,€eight€weeks€after€entering€Spanish€territory,€when€the€expulsion€was€about€to€be€enforced.Ð -n(- ÐThen,€for€the€first€time,€he€claimed€to€belong€to€Ô_ÔFISÔ_Ô.€He€presented€a€certificate€bearing€neither€dateÐ ° Ðnor€place€of€issue;€it€was€examined€by€the€State€party's€experts,€who€expressed€doubts€as€to€itsÐ –æ Ðauthenticity.€X€claimed,€but€produced€no€evidence,€that€the€Algerian€government€authorities€hadÐ |Ì Ð"decided€to€arrest€him"€and,€somewhat€contradictorily,€that€he€had€been€"convicted€of€a€politicalÐ b² Ðcrime",€without€explaining€what€crime€or€when€or€by€what€court€he€had€been€convicted.€Ð H˜ ÐÌ4.4€Following€the€submission€of€the€application€for€asylum,€X€was€allowed€15€days€to€submit€hisÐ  d Ðclaims€and€submit€such€documents€and€substantiating€evidence€as€he€saw€fit.€He€did€not€do€so.€HisÐ ú J Ðapplication€was€communicated€to€the€representative€of€the€United€Nations€High€Commissioner€forÐ à 0 ÐRefugees€in€Spain,€who€made€no€report,€oral€or€written,€on€the€proceedings.€Ð Æ   ÐÌ4.5€Almost€eight€months€later,€on€31€August€1994,€the€application€for€asylum€was€denied€in€viewÐ ’â  Ðof€the€lack€of€documentation€supporting€X's€case.€On€3€October€1994,€X€was€notified€that€he€mustÐ xÈ  Ðleave€Spanish€territory€within€15€days.€When€he€failed€to€comply€with€the€departure€order,Ð ^®  Ðpermission€to€expel€him€was€sought€from€Criminal€Court€No.€2€in€Ô_ÔMelillaÔ_Ô,€which€granted€permissionÐ D”  Ðon€27€October€1994;€the€expulsion€was€carried€out€on€24€November€1994€in€accordance€with€anÐ *z  Ðorder€from€the€General€Directorate€of€State€Security€endorsed€by€the€competent€court,€and€X€wasÐ ` Ðput€on€a€plane€to€Algeria.€Ð öF ÐÌ5.1€Regarding€the€admissibility€of€the€communication,€the€State€party€maintains€that€throughout€hisÐ Â Ðtime€in€Spain€X€adduced€no€"substantial€grounds€for€believing€that€he€would€be€in€danger€of€beingÐ ¨ø Ðsubjected€to€torture"€if€he€was€expelled.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ5.2€The€State€party€also€challenges€the€authority€of€Ô_ÔCEARÔ_Ô€to€represent€X€before€the€Committee,Ð Zª Ðinasmuch€as€the€certificate€presented€only€covers€representation€of€X€in€administrative€matters€inÐ @ ÐSpain€and€does€not€give€CEAR€blanket€authority€to€submit€a€communication€under€article€22€of€theÐ &v ÐConvention.€Ð  \ ÐÌòòObservations€by€counsel€for€the€authoróó€Ð Ø( ÐÌ6.1€In€his€observations€dated€11€September€and€9€November€1995,€counsel€for€CEAR€confirms€hisÐ ¤ô Ðauthority€to€act€on€behalf€of€X,€who€is€said€to€have€contacted€CEAR€on€16€December€1993€and€beenÐ Š Ú Ðadvised€by€lawyers€Arias€Herrera€and€Pellicer€Rodrguez.€Counsel€for€CEAR€confirms€hisÐ p!À  Ðauthorization€to€represent€X€and€sends€a€copy€of€a€certificate€dated€14€November€1994.€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ6.2€On€the€facts,€CEAR€repeats€that€X€fears€persecution€in€his€home€country€because€he€is€a€memberÐ "$r# Ðof€Ô_ÔFISÔ_Ô.€Ð %X $ ÐÌòòIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€Committeeóó€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ7.1€Before€considering€any€of€the€allegations€in€a€communication,€the€Committee€against€TortureÐ  (ð#( Ðmust€decide€whether€or€not€the€communication€is€admissible€under€article€22€of€the€Convention.€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ7.2€Although€the€accompanying€mandate€does€not€specifically€mention€application€to€theÐ R+¢&+ ÐCommittee,€in€this€case€the€explanations€provided€by€CEAR€for€its€representation€of€X€are€accepted.€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- Ð7.3€The€Committee€has€examined€the€representations€made€by€CEAR€to€the€Spanish€authoritiesÐ ° Ðregarding€the€asylum€proceedings€and€to€the€Committee€under€article€22€of€the€Convention.€It€pointsÐ –æ Ðout€that€its€authority€does€not€extend€to€a€determination€of€whether€or€not€the€claimant€is€entitled€toÐ |Ì Ðasylum€under€the€national€laws€of€a€country,€or€can€invoke€the€protection€of€the€Geneva€ConventionÐ b² Ðrelating€to€the€Status€of€Refugees.€Under€article€3€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€must€decideÐ H˜ Ðwhether€expulsion€or€extradition€might€expose€an€individual€to€the€risk€of€being€tortured.€Ð . ~ ÐÌ7.4€The€Committee€notes€that€throughout€a€year€of€proceedings€in€Spain,€X's€representatives€basedÐ ú J Ðtheir€arguments€solely€on€asylum€and€did€not€invoke€the€right€protected€by€article€3€of€theÐ à 0 ÐConvention.€Nor€did€they€present€the€Committee€with€serious€grounds€for€believing€that€X€riskedÐ Æ   Ðbeing€tortured€if€he€was€expelled€to€Algeria.€It€is€not€alleged€that€X€was€detained€or€tortured€inÐ ¬ ü  ÐAlgeria€before€leaving€for€Morocco€and€Spain;€it€is€not€indicated€precisely€what€he€did€in€FIS€toÐ ’â  Ðjustify€his€fear€of€being€tortured.€òòaóó/€On€the€contrary,€X€said€in€his€first€statement€to€the€MelillaÐ xÈ  Ðauthorities,€with€a€lawyer€and€interpreter€present,€that€his€intention€was€to€seek€work€in€Germany,Ð ^®  Ðand€the€truthfulness€of€that€statement€was€not€questioned€during€the€asylum€proceedings€in€Spain.€Ð D”  ÐÌ7.5€The€Committee€concludes€that€the€communication€on€behalf€of€X€has€not€been€sufficientlyÐ ` Ðjustified€as€regards€the€claimed€violation€of€article€3€of€the€Convention€òòbóó/€but€is€rather€a€matter€ofÐ öF Ðpolitical€asylum,€making€the€communication€incompatible€with€article€22€of€the€Convention.€Ð Ü, ÐÌ8.€The€Committee€therefore€decides:€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ(a)€That€the€communication€is€inadmissible;€Ð tÄ ÐÌ(b)€That€this€decision€shall€be€communicated€to€the€author€and€the€State€party.€Ð @ ÐÌ[Done€in€English,€French,€Russian€and€Spanish,€the€Spanish€text€being€the€original€version.]€Ð  \ ÐÌÌÌòòNotesóóÐ ¤ô ÐÌòòaóó/€In€the€Committee's€rulings€on€communications€No.€13/1993€(òòMutombo€v.€Switzerlandóó)€and€No.Ð p!À  Ð15/1994€(òòKhan€v.€Canadaóó),€both€authors€alleged€and€submitted€medical€evidence€and€otherÐ V"¦! Ðdocuments€to€demonstrate€that€they€had€been€detained€and€tortured€before€fleeing€their€respectiveÐ <#Œ" Ðcountries.€Ð "$r# ÐÌòòbóó/€Compare€decisions€in€cases€No.€17/1994€(òòX€v.€Switzerlandóó)€and€No.€18/1994€(òòX€v.€Switzerlandóó),Ð î%>!% Ðwhich€were€declared€inadmissible€on€17€November€1994.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÓÓ