’WPC ę¼U0(ŌU_ō.sµ­ōr¼j#sōĀwÕ ©-¾{Ųźėž™ō’žH˜q_6YXh ØÜ m–;·Ķ7ZfÖÕą q§’¾łōC»TüD(Żš6m)$¹¬Nl‰A¦©6įL掄 āõ ^Y+qnT‡4üSū-Wd§OGewæl o …&žČ_ėv]ńäņ“Ņ×@Śƒkµ×ÉG”qąšIWŠĄ~Yg[üo|±ŁŌŠŚå-ŌiÅē_šĆģtŖ–įČÖYÅŃaw«ļėŗA i®6 <ŽŗBRŒxwhĶE”_€HxõÉöWZčóĻB^$ĄšøĮÕó!Ŗ-T’žĖˆ%ŚŃGÓ\„TćŲ÷kįƒu*łU5›T]g"°Bšü9«;įęՖM'£ü€S>)I¤Q„yåė{©.RĀe¢äüd'Ŗäb +µ£­£t°ŹJĄNv¦?F8Äķ:Ŗć ĶŌzk2{ˆ\ąŪõa·j¼(¬AÆĘōXŽÅžŒ‰œgŃßMŻź2ŗ ɐäœŃļ>«jåńv˜ĆėgŪ‚C—n_rœŚĖŽ`r€łų¶ā5sźīŪš×XC’[K a3;®UŸDķGFv{yāiī«JU>lĢŖ 0µv 0<+ 0Yg 0_Ą 0iʈ 0ŃN 0( D+G AMr æ 0¶Ļ #Į… UNF %” Mš (ž NĘ ^ Č wŌ 4Ų ģ mī ō\  `‹&Times New Roman' Ann Maria Garcia Lanza de Netto v. Uruguay, Communication No. 8/1977 (3 April 1980), U.N. 4(3 April 1980), U.N. "Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ’’4Heading 3Ō S ŌÓ p^SÓŌ€£££Ōņ ņŌ  ŌŌ  ŌŌ€XXXŌó óÓ p^SÓ<’’:Default Para6’’4HyperlinkóóņņŌ ’ ŌóóŌ  Ō<’’:FollowedHypeóóņņŌ  ŌóóŌ  Ō< ’’:Normal (Web)Ō S ŌÓ =jSÓÓ =jSӁ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(©2l@$££Ż ƒ5B!ŻŅÜ°ŅŅÜ°ŅŌ..ŌŌ  ŌŌ  ŌÓ  ÓŌ€X+oXXXŌŌ€X+oXXX+oŌŻ  Ż(’’$’’'dxd A<< c’’#|x(Ž5B$””ŅÜ°ŅŅÜ°ŅŌ..ŌŌ  ŌŌ  ŌÓ  ÓŌ€X'ĖXXXŌŌ€X'ĖXXX'ĖŌ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ČhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX¦{ū* Äpģ*ź:i¢Ų+00 ’U‹’ĄĄĄŻ ƒ5B!ŻŅÜ°ŅŅÜ°ŅŌ..ŌŌ  ŌŌ  ŌÓ  ÓŌ€X+oXXXŌŌ€X+oXXX+oŌŻ  ŻŌ_Ōņ ņHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEŠ ° ŠĢŌ_ŌņņWeismannŌ_Ō€and€Ō_ŌPerdomoŌ_Ō€Ō_Ōv.Ō_Ō€UruguayóóŠ |Ģ ŠĢCommunication€No.€8/1977Š H˜ ŠĢ3€April€1980Š  d ŠĢĢVIEWSó óŠ Ę   ŠĢĢņņņņSubmitted€byóó:€Ann€Maria€Garcia€Ō_ŌLanzaŌ_Ō€de€Ō_ŌNettoŌ_Ō€on€20€February€1977,€Ō_ŌBeatrizŌ_ŌŠ xČ  ŠŌ_ŌWeismannŌ_Ō€on€28€September€1979€and€Alcides€Ō_ŌLanzaŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌPerdomoŌ_Ō€on€15€February€1980€Š ^®  ŠĢņņAlleged€victimsóó:€Ō_ŌBeatrizŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌWeismannŌ_Ō€and€Alcides€Ō_ŌLanzaŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌPerdomoŌ_Ō€Š *z  ŠĢņņState€partyóó:€Uruguay€Š öF ŠĢņņDate€of€adoption€of€viewsóó:€3€April€1980€(ninth€session)€óóŠ Ā ŠĢÓ  ÓĢņņņ ņViews€under€article€5€(Ō_Ō4JŌ_Ō€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóó€Š tÄ ŠÓŻÓÓ  ÓĢĢ1.€The€initial€author€of€this€communication,€Ann€Maria€Garcia€Ō_ŌLanzaŌ_Ō€de€Ō_ŌNettoŌ_Ō€(initial€letterŠ &v Šdated€20€February€1977)€is€a€Uruguayan€national,€residing€in€Mexico.€She€submitted€theŠ  \ Šcommunication€on€behalf€of€her€aunt,€Ō_ŌBeatrizŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌWeismannŌ_Ō€de€Ō_ŌLanzaŌ_Ō,€a€35„year„old€UruguayanŠ ņB Šcitizen,€and€her€uncle,€Alcides€Ō_ŌLanzaŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌPerdomoŌ_Ō,€a€60„year„old€Uruguayan€citizen€and€aŠ Ų( Šformer€trade€union€leader,€alleging€that€both€had€been€Ō_ŌatbitrarilyŌ_Ō€arrested€and€detained€inŠ ¾ ŠUruguay.€Š ¤ō ŠĢ2.€Ann€Maria€Garcia€Ō_ŌLanzaŌ_Ō€de€Ō_ŌNettoŌ_Ō€claimed€that€her€uncle€had€been€arrested€early€inŠ p!Ą  ŠFebruary€1976€in€the€streets€of€Montevideo€by€the€occupants€of€an€army€vehicle€and€thatŠ V"¦! Šuntil€the€end€of€September€1976€his€family€was€unable€to€locate€him.€She€alleged€thatŠ <#Œ" ŠŌ_ŌAleidesŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌLanzaŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌPerdomoŌ_Ō€was€detained€at€various€places,€including€the€naval€air€base€atŠ "$r# ŠLaguna€del€Sauce€in€the€Department€of€Ō_ŌMaldenadoŌ_Ō€and€that€during€this€period€of€initialŠ %X $ Šdetention€he€had€to€be€admitted€to€the€Central€Hospital€of€the€Armed€Forces€four€times,€onŠ ī%>!% Šone€occasion€almost€completely€suffocated.€She€further€alleged€that€there€were€two€monthsŠ Ō&$"& Šabout€which€her€uncle€remembers€absolutely€nothing€and€that€he€supposes€he€wasŠ ŗ' #' Šunconscious€all€that€time.€She€claimed€that€as€a€consequence€of€the€mistreatment€received,Š  (š#( Šher€uncle's€hearing€was€seriously€impaired€and€that€he€had€difficulties€moving€about€becauseŠ †)Ö$) Šof€injuries€which€were€caused€to€one€hip,€probably€a€fracture.€Š l*¼%* ŠĢIt€is€submitted€that€Alcides€Ō_ŌLanzaŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌPerdomoŌ_Ō€was€later€held€in€the€army€barracks€of€the€SchoolŠ 8,ˆ', Šof€Weapons€and€Services,€14€Ō_ŌkilometresŌ_Ō€along€Camino€Ō_ŌMaldonadoŌ_Ō,€where€he€was€Ō_ŌallegeallyŌ_ŌŠ -n(- Šhoused€in€a€railway€wagon€together€with€16€other€prisoners,€and€that€he€was€forced€to€workŠ ° Šin€the€fields.€Š –ę ŠĢIn€respect€of€her€aunt,€Ō_ŌBeatrizŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌWeismannŌ_Ō€de€Ō_ŌLanzaŌ_Ō,€the€initial€author€submitted€that€she€hadŠ b² Šbeen€arrested€shortly€after€her€husband€by€army€personnel€entering€her€home€early€oneŠ H˜ Šmorning€and€taking€her€away€together€with€her€two€small€sons,€who€were€handed€over€someŠ . ~ Šhours€later€to€their€grandmother.€The€author€claimed€that€her€aunt's€family€and€friends€wereŠ  d Šunaware€of€her€place€of€detention€until€late€in€1976.€She€claimed€that€her€aunt€had€been€inŠ ś J Šgood€health€until€her€disappearance€in€February€1976€but€that€due€to€torture€inflicted€uponŠ ą 0 Šher,€she€had€no€feeling€from€the€waist€downwards€and€could€not€move€without€the€help€ofŠ Ę   Štwo€female€prisoners.€She€stated€that€Ō_ŌBeatrizŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌWeismannŌ_Ō€de€Ō_ŌLanzaŌ_Ō€had€nevertheless€beenŠ ¬ ü  Šobliged€to€work.€Š ’ā  ŠĢFinally,€Ann€Maria€Garcia€Ō_ŌLanzaŌ_Ō€de€Ō_ŌNettoŌ_Ō€submitted€that€proceedings€had€been€initiatedŠ ^®  Šwith€regard€to€her€uncle€before€a€military€court,€but€that€it€was€not€clear€whether€her€aunt€hadŠ D”  Šappeared€before€a€court.€Š *z  ŠĢThese€submissions€have€later€been€supplemented€by€the€alleged€victims,€as€set€out€inŠ öF Šparagraphs€9,€10€and€11€below.Š Ü, ŠĢ3.€On€26€August'€1977,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€decided€to€transmit€theŠ Øų Šcommunication€to€the€State€party€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure,Š ŽŽ Šrequesting€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€admissibility.€By€thatŠ tÄ Šsame€decision€the€Committee€requested€Ann€Maria€Garcia€Ō_ŌLanzaŌ_Ō€de€Ō_ŌNettoŌ_Ō€to€furnish€detailedŠ ZŖ Šinformation€on€the€grounds€and€circumstances€justifying€her€acting€on€behalf€of€the€allegedŠ @ Švictims.€Š &v ŠĢ4.€By€letter€dated€21€October€1977€the€initial€author€explained€that€the€alleged€victims€wereŠ ņB Šunable€to€act€on€their€own€behalf€and€that€she€was€acting€on€their€behalf€as€their€closeŠ Ų( Šrelative,€believing,€on€the€basis€of€her€personal€acquaintance€with€them,€that€the€allegedŠ ¾ Švictims€would€agree€to€lodging€a€complaint.€Š ¤ō ŠĢ5.€By€letter€dated€27€October€1977€the€State€party€objected€to€the€admissibility€of€theŠ p!Ą  Šcommunication€on€two€grounds:€Š V"¦! ŠĢ(a)€That€the€same€matter€was€already€being€examined€by€the€Inter„American€CommissionŠ "$r# Šon€Human€Rights;€Š %X $ ŠĢ(b)€That€the€alleged€victims€had€not€exhausted€all€available€domestic€remedies.€Š Ō&$"& ŠĢ6.€On€1€February€1978,€the€Human€Rights€Committee,€Š  (š#( ŠĢ(a)€Having€ascertained€that€the€case€concerning€Ō_ŌBeatrizŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌWeismannŌ_Ō€de€Ō_ŌLanzaŌ_Ō,€which€had€beenŠ l*¼%* Šbefore€the€Inter„American€Commission€on€Human€Rights,€had€been€withdrawn€and€was€noŠ R+¢&+ Šlonger€under€active€consideration€by€that€body,€Š 8,ˆ', ŠŠ -n(- ŠŌ_Ō(b)€Having€further€ascertained€that€the€cases€concerning€Alcides€Lanza€Perdomo€wereŠ ° Šsubmitted€to€the€Inter„American€Commission€on€Human€Rights€in€November€1974€andŠ –ę ŠFebruary€1976€respectively,€Š |Ģ ŠĢ(c)€Concluding€that€these€two€cases€cannot€relate€to€events€alleged€to€have€taken€place€onŠ H˜ Šor€after€23€March€1976€(the€date€on€which€the€Covenant€and€the€Optional€Protocol€enteredŠ . ~ Šinto€force€for€Uruguay),€Š  d ŠĢ(d)€Further€concluding€that,€with€regard€to€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€on€the€basis€ofŠ ą 0 Šthe€information€before€it,€there€were€no€further€remedies€which€the€alleged€victims€shouldŠ Ę   Šor€could€have€pursued,€Š ¬ ü  ŠĢTherefore€decided:€Š xČ  ŠĢ(a)€That€the€author€of€the€communication€was€justified€by€reason€of€close€family€connectionŠ D”  Šin€acting€on€behalf€of€the€alleged€victims;€Š *z  ŠĢ(b)€That€the€communication€was€admissible;€Š öF ŠĢ(c)€That€the€text€of€this€decision€be€transmitted€to€the€State€party€together€with€the€text€of€theŠ Ā Šrelevant€documents€and€to€the€author;€Š Øų ŠĢ(d)€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4€(2)€of€the€Opo€tional€Protocol,€the€State€party€beŠ tÄ Šrequested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal€to€itŠ ZŖ Šof€this€decision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,€ifŠ @ Šany,€that€may€have€been€taken€by€it.€Š &v ŠĢWith€regard€to€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies€the€Committee€said€that€its€decisionŠ ņB Š"may€be€reviewed€in€the€light€of€any€further€explanations€which€the€State€party€may€submitŠ Ų( Šgiving€details€of€any€domestic€remedies€which€it€claims€to€have€been€available€to€the€allegedŠ ¾ Švictims€in€the€circumstances€of€their€cases,€together€with€evidence€that€there€would€be€aŠ ¤ō Šreasonable€prospect€that€such€remedies€would€be€effective".€Š Š Ś ŠŠ Š7.€By€its€decision€of€18€April€1979,€the€Committee:€Š V"¦! ŠĢ(a)€Informed€the€State€party€of€the€Committee's€concern€that€the€State€party€had€failed€toŠ "$r# Šfulfil€its€obligation€to€submit€written€explanations€or€statements€under€article€4€(2)€of€theŠ %X $ ŠOptional€Protocol;Š ī%>!% ŠĢ(b)€Requested€the€State€party,€although€the€sixmonths'€time„limit,€established€by€article€4€(2)Š ŗ' #' Šof€the€Optional€Protocol,€had€expired€on€3€September€1978,€that€a€submission€from€the€StateŠ  (š#( Šparty€pursuant€to€that€article€should€be€made€without€further€delay€and€should,€in€any€event,Š †)Ö$) Šreach€the€Human€Rights€Committee€not€later€than€six€weeks€from€the€date€of€the€transmittalŠ l*¼%* Šof€the€decision.€Š R+¢&+ ŠĢ8.€The€time„limit€set€by€the€Committee€in€its€decision€of€18€April€expired€on€2€July€1979,Š -n(- Šat€which€time€no€further€submission€had€yet€been€received.€However,€in€a€note€dated€8Š ° ŠOctober€1979€the€Government€submitted,€in€the€first€place,€that€the€Committee€shouldŠ –ę Šreview€its€decision€regarding€the€admissibility€of€the€communication,€because€domesticŠ |Ģ Šremedies€had€not€been€exhausted.€It€attached€a€summary€of€available€remedies,€noting€thatŠ b² Šthe€authors€had€not€indicated€that€they€had€actually€applied€for€any€remedies;€furthermore,Š H˜ Šthe€Government€stated€that€the€effectiveness€of€the€remedies€was€not€for€the€Government€toŠ . ~ Šprove€and€that€it€could€not€be€argued€hypothetically€that€they€were€ineffective.Š  d ŠNotwithstanding€these€contentions,€however,€the€Government€gave€the€followingŠ ś J Šinformation:€Š ą 0 ŠĢMr.€Alcides€Lanza€was€arrested€for€investigation€on€2€February€1976€and€detained€under€theŠ ¬ ü  Šprompt€security€measures.€Subsequently,€on€21€September€1976,€he€was€charged€by€theŠ ’ā  Šmilitary€examining€judge€of€fifth€sitting€with€the€offence€of€'subversive€association'€referredŠ xČ  Što€in€article€60€(VI}€of€the€Military€Penal€Code.€Š ^®  ŠĢOn€26€October€1977€he€was€sentenced€to€three€years'€severe€imprisonment€less€the€periodŠ *z  Šspent€in€custody€pending€trial.€On€completion€of€his€sentence,€he€was€granted€unconditiona[Š ` Šrelease€on€2€February€1979€and€left€Uruguay€for€Sweden€on€I€July€1979.€Š öF ŠĢIt€should€be€noted€that€the€appropriate€legal€assistance€was€available€to€Mr.€kanza€at€allŠ Ā Štimes,€his€defence€counsel€being€Dr.€Juan€Barbe.€Š Øų ŠĢMrs.€Weismann€de€Lanza€was€arrested€for€investigation€on€17€February€1976€and€detainedŠ tÄ Šunder€the€prompt€security€measures.€Subsequently,€on€28€September€1976,€she€was€chargedŠ ZŖ Šby€the€military€examining€judge€of€first€sitting€with€the€offence€of€'assistance€to€association'Š @ Šreferred€to€in€article€60€(VI)€of€the€Military€Penal€Code.€Š &v ŠĢShe€was€sentenced€on€4€April€1978.€Her€of€fence€was€deemed€to€have€been€purged€by€theŠ ņB Šperiod€spent€in€custody€pending€trial,€and€she€was€released.€She€left€Uruguay€for€Sweden€onŠ Ų( Š11€February€1979.€Š ¾ ŠĢIt€stated€that€it€was€clearly€demonstrated€by€the€plain€statement€of€facts€given€above€that€theŠ Š Ś Šaccusations€of€violations€of€the€Covenant€were€"fallacious".€"Although€such€accusations,Š p!Ą  Šbeing€groundless,€irresponsible€and€unaccompanied€by€the€least€shred€of€evidence,€are€notŠ V"¦! Šworthy€of€any€further€comment"€some€were€referred€to€by€way€of€example:€Š <#Œ" ŠĢIt€is€obvious€that€both€of€these€persons€were€afforded€all€guarantees€of€due€process,€for€theyŠ %X $ Šwere€brought€before€a€competent€judge€in€public€proceedings,€had€the€appropriate€legalŠ ī%>!% Šassistance€from€their€defence€counsel€and€were€presumed€innocent€until€proved€guiltyŠ Ō&$"& Š{article€14,€paragraph€1,€paragraphs€3€(b)€and€3€(e)€and€paragraph€2).€Š ŗ' #' ŠĢThe€charges€of€alleged€ill„treatment€and€torture€suffered€by€the€detainees€are€mere€figmentsŠ †)Ö$) Šof€the€author's€imagination;€she€is€apparently€unaware€of€Uruguay's€long€tradition€in€theŠ l*¼%* Šmatter,€which€has,€throughout€its€history,€earned€it€the€recognition€of€the€internationalŠ R+¢&+ Šcommunity.€Only€someone€who€is€completely€ignorant€of€the€facts€or€is€acting€in€obviousŠ 8,ˆ', Šbad€faith€can€conceivably€accuse€Uruguay€of€violating€articles€7€and€10€(1)€of€the€CovenantŠ -n(- Šand€article€5€of€the€Universal€Declaration€of€Human€Rights.€Detainees€are€not€subjected€toŠ ° Šany€kind€of€torture€or€physical€coercion€in€any€detention€establishment.€Š –ę ŠĢThe€Government€of€Uruguay€trusts€that€the€foregoing€explanations€will€provide€a€sufficientŠ b² Šbasis€for€the€Committee,€on€this€occasion,€to€reject€once€and€for€all€the€communication€underŠ H˜ Šconsideration,€which€is€merely€another€instance€of€the€campaign€of€defamation€conductedŠ . ~ Šagainst€our€country€with€the€intention€of€discrediting€its€image€abroad;€none€the€less,€itŠ  d Šremains€at€the€disposal€of€the€Committee€for€any€further€clarification€it€may€require.€Š ś J ŠĢ9.€Meanwhile,€one€of€the€alleged€victims,€Beatriz€Weismann€de€Lanza,€after€arriving€inŠ Ę   ŠSweden,€had€submitted€a€communication€(received€on€28€February€1979€and€first€registeredŠ ¬ ü  Šas€No.€48/1979)€on€behalf€of€the€other€alleged€victim,€her€husband€Alcides€Lanza€Perdomo,Š ’ā  Šcontaining€further€and€detailed€particulars€about€his€case.€In€a€further€letter€(of€30€AprilŠ xČ  Š1979)€including€a€detailed€statement€of€her€own€case,€she€requested€to€be€regarded€as€co„Š ^®  Šsponsor€and€co„author€of€the€present€communication,€and€that€her€own€communication€(No.Š D”  Š48/1979)€be€regarded€as€part€thereof€and€added€thereto€as€further€information.€Š *z  ŠĢShe€stated,€inter€alia,€that€her€husband€had€been€kept€in€different€military€quarters€andŠ öF Šprisons,€held€incommunicado€for€nine€months€and€subjected€to€torture,€such€as€electricŠ Ü, Šshocks,€hanging€by€his€hands,€immersion€of€his€head€in€dirty€water,€near€to€asphyxia,Š Ā Šsubmarino€seco.€She€stated€that€her€husband€suffered€from€several€serious€health€problemsŠ Øų Š(hypertension,€permanent€trembling€in€his€right€arm€and€sometimes€in€his€whole€body€andŠ ŽŽ Šloss€of€memory€due€to€brain€damage)€due€to€the€treatment€he€was€subjected€to.€He€was€triedŠ tÄ Šon€21€September€1976€and€sentenced€to€three€years'€imprisonment€by€a€military€court,€andŠ ZŖ Šshe€claimed€that€he€continued€to€be€kept€in€detention€in€spite€of€having€served€his€sentence.Š @ ŠWith€regard€to€herself€she€described€in€detail€her€experience€from€the€date€of€her€arrest€ofŠ &v Š17€February€1976€until€her€release€and€departure€from€Uruguay€in€1979.€She€said€that€afterŠ  \ Šher€arrest€she€was€first€detained€in€the€barracks€of€unit€No.€13€of€the€Armed€Forces,€calledŠ ņB Š"El€infierno"€by€prisoners.€Almost€constantly€kept€blindfolded€and€with€her€hands€tied,€sheŠ Ų( Šallegedly€was€subjected€to€various€forms€of€torture,€such€as€caballete,€subrnarino€seco,Š ¾ Špicana€and€plant6n,€which€she€describes€in€detail.€On€29€July€1976,€she€was€transferred€toŠ ¤ō Šthe€barracks€of€the€6th€Cavalry€Unit€where€she€was€kept€in€a€dirty€cell€in€miserable€hygienicŠ Š Ś Šconditions€and€without€adequate€clothes€to€protect€her€against€the€cold,€still€blindfolded€mostŠ p!Ą  Šof€the€time.€She€stated€that€in€those€barracks€the€preliminary€investigation€took€place€on€26Š V"¦! ŠAugust€1976.€When€she€complained€to€the€military€judge€about€the€torture€which€she€hadŠ <#Œ" Šbeen€subjected€to,€he€advised€her€not€to€pursue€her€denunciation€which€could€not€be€provenŠ "$r# Šbecause€otherwise€she€would€probably€end€up€again€in€"El€infierno".€On€25€September€1976Š %X $ Šshe€was€transferred€to€the€barracks€of€Infantry€Unit€No.€1€on€Camino€Maldonado€where€sheŠ ī%>!% Šwas€at€first€confined€to€an€individual€cell€measuring€2€by€1.5€m.€During€the€day,€prisonersŠ Ō&$"& Šwere€forced€to€remain€seated€without€being€allowed€to€speak€to€each€other.€She€received€theŠ ŗ' #' Šfirst€visit€by€a€member€of€her€family€on€30€October€1976.€Shortly€afterwards,€on€3Š  (š#( ŠNovember€1976,€she€was€transferred€to€the€prison€of€Punta€de€Rieles€where€she€was€keptŠ †)Ö$) Štogether€with€eleven€other€female€prisoners€in€a€cell€designed€for€four€prisoners€only.€EvenŠ l*¼%* Šfemale€prisoners€were€forced€to€perform€hard€work€in€the€fields€suitable€only€for€men.€SheŠ R+¢&+ Šstated€that€she€was€charged€on€15€October€1976€with€"assisting€a€subversive€association",Š 8,ˆ', Šthat€in€April€1977€the€prosecutor€asked€for€a€sentence€of€32€months,€that€one€year€later,€inŠ -n(- ŠApril€1978,€a€judge€pronounced€a€sentence€of€24€months,€taking€into€account€the€time€of€herŠ ° Šdetention,€and€ordered€her€release,€but€that€nevertheless€her€detention€continued€under€theŠ –ę Š"prompt€security€measures"€until€she€was€released€early€in€1979.€Š |Ģ ŠĢ10.€The€Committee€decided€to€regard€the€information€referred€to€in€paragraph€9€above€asŠ H˜ Šrelating€to€the€present€communication€as€requested€by€the€author€and€therefore€to€discontinueŠ . ~ Šits€consideration€of€communication€No.€48/1979€as€a€separate€communication.€ThisŠ  d Šinformation€was€transmitted€to€the€Government€on€18€September€1979,€as€noted€in€theŠ ś J ŠGovernment's€submission€dated€8€October€1979€(see€para.€8€above).€Š ą 0 ŠĢBy€a€further€letter€dated€28€September€1979,€Beatriz€Weismann€informed€the€Committee€thatŠ ¬ ü  Šher€husband€had€been€expelled€from€Uruguay€and€that€he€obtained€political€asylum€inŠ ’ā  ŠSweden€on€2€July€1979.€Š xČ  ŠĢ11.€In€response€to€further€inquiries€from€the€Committee,€Beatriz€Weismann€and€AlcidesŠ D”  ŠLanza,€in€a€letter€dated€15€February€1980,€submitted€the€following€additional€informationŠ *z  Šand€observations:€Š ` ŠĢ(a)€They€stated€that€they€had€no€legal€assistance€prior€to€their€trial,€at€which€time€they€wereŠ Ü, Šafforded€the€possibility€to€choose€either€a€private€lawyer€or€an€officially€appointed€lawyerŠ Ā Šfor€their€defence.€Beatriz€Weismann€stated€that€she€opted€for€a€private€lawyer,€but€that€sheŠ Øų Šnever€saw€him,€was€never€able€to€communicate€with€him€and€that€she€was€never€informedŠ ŽŽ Šof€her€rights,€possible€remedies€or€recourses.€Alcides€Lanza€stated€that€he€opted€for€anŠ tÄ Šofficially€appointed€lawyer€and€that€Dr.€Antonio€Seluja,€whom€he€saw€on€that€occasion,€butŠ ZŖ Šwas€never€able€to€speak€with,€was€assigned€as€his€defence€lawyer.€Alcides€Lanza€furtherŠ @ Šstated€that€his€alefence€counsel€was€later€succeeded€by€Dr.€Pereda€and€Dr.€Juan€Barb6,Š &v Šneither€of€whom€he€could€ever€communicate€with.€As€they€had€no€contact€with€lawyers,€theyŠ  \ Šwere€unable€to€appeal€because€they€did€not€know€what€their€rights€were€and€had€no€one€toŠ ņB Šassist€them€in€exercising€them.€Š Ų( ŠĢ(b)€Beatriz€Weismann€was€kept€in€detention€until€11€February€1979,€although€her€release€hadŠ ¤ō Šbeen€ordered€on€14€April€1978,€at€which€time€she€was€requested€to€place€her€signature€onŠ Š Ś Šthe€release€order.€Alcides€kanza,€having€served€his€sentence€on€2€February€1979,€wasŠ p!Ą  Šnevertheless€kept€detained€at€various€places€of€detention€(the€names€of€the€places€ofŠ V"¦! Šdetention€are€specified),€until€he€was€released€on€I€July€1979.€Š <#Œ" ŠĢ(c)€They€confirmed,€as€true,€the€information€previously€submitted€with€regard€to€theirŠ %X $ Štreatment€while€in€detention,€including€the€various€forms€of€physical€and€mental€torture€toŠ ī%>!% Šwhich€they€were€allegedly€subjected.€They€stated€that€due€to€the€treatment€which€he€hadŠ Ō&$"& Šreceived,€Alcides€Lanza's€state€of€health€was€still€poor€and,€as€evidence€of€this,€theyŠ ŗ' #' Šsubmitted€a€medical€report€dated€19€February€1980,€from€a€doctor€in€Stockholm,€togetherŠ  (š#( Šwith€copies€of€hospital€and€laboratory€records€relating€thereto.€They€also€enclosed€severalŠ †)Ö$) Šphotographs€showing€scars€on€Alcides€Lanza's€legs,€allegeally€caused€by€cigarette€burns€asŠ l*¼%* Ša€means€of€torture.€The€doctor's€report€shows€that€Alcides€Lanza€continues€to€suffer€fromŠ R+¢&+ Šauditire€disturbances,€a€tremor€of€his€right€hand€and€inability€to€use€it€properly€andŠ 8,ˆ', Šsymptoms€of€mental€depression.€Š -n(- Š‡12.€The€Committee€has€noted€that€the€submissions€of€the€Government€of€8€October€1979Š ° Šwere€received€after€the€expiry€of€the€time„limit€imposed€by€article€4€(2)€of€the€OptionalŠ –ę ŠProtocol€and€even€after€the€time„limit€following€the€Committee's€renewed€request€of€18Š |Ģ ŠApril€1979.€Nevertheless€the€Committee€has€considered€the€present€communication€in€theŠ b² Šlight€of€all€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€parties,€as€provided€for€in€article€5€(1)€ofŠ H˜ Šthe€Optional€Protocol.€Š . ~ ŠĢ13.€With€regard€to€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€Committee€notes€that€theŠ ś J Šsubmissions€and€explanations€of€the€Government€still€do€not€show€in€any€way€that€in€theŠ ą 0 Šparticular€circumstances€of€the€two€individuals€concerned€at€the€time€of€the€eventsŠ Ę   Šcomplained€of,€there€were€remedies€available€which€they€should€have€pursued.€TheŠ ¬ ü  ŠCommittee€has€been€informed€by€the€Government€in€another€case€(No.€9/1977)€that€theŠ ’ā  Šremedy€of€habeas€corpus€is€not€applicable€to€persons€arrested€under€prompt€securityŠ xČ  Šmeasures.€Moreover,€Beatriz€Weismann€and€Alcides€Lanza€have€explained€that€they€had€noŠ ^®  Šeffective€contact€with€lawyers€to€advise€them€of€their€rights€or€to€assist€them€in€exercisingŠ D”  Šthem.€Š *z  ŠĢ14.€The€Committee€therefore€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€considerations:€Š öF ŠĢ(i)€Alcides€Lanza€Perdomo€was€arrested€for€investigation€on€2€February€1976€and€detainedŠ Ā Šunder€the€"prompt€security€measures"€as€stated€by€the€Government.€He€was€keptŠ Øų Šincommunicado€for€many€months.€It€is€not€in€dispute€that€he€was€kept€in€detention€for€nearlyŠ ŽŽ Šeight€months€without€charges,€and€later€for€another€13€months,€on€the€charge€of€"subversiveŠ tÄ Šassociation"€apparently€on€no€other€basis€than€his€political€views€and€connections.€Then,Š ZŖ Šafter€nearly€21€months€in€detention,€he€was€sentenced€for€that€of€fence€by€a€military€judgeŠ @ Što€three€years€severe€imprisonment,€less€the€period€already€spent€in€detention.€ThroughoutŠ &v Šhis€period€of€detention€and€during€his€trial€he€had€no€effective€access€to€legal€assistance.Š  \ ŠAlthough€he€had€served€his€sentence€on€2€February€1979,€he€was€not€released€until€1€JulyŠ ņB Š1979:€His€present€state€of€physical€and€mental€ill„health€for€which€no€other€explanation€hasŠ Ų( Šbeen€offered€by€the€Uruguayan€Government,€confirms€the€allegations€of€ill„treatment€whichŠ ¾ Šhe€suffered€while€under€detention.€Š ¤ō ŠĢ(ii)€Beatriz€Weismann€de€Lanza€was€arrested€for€investigation€on€17€February€1976€andŠ p!Ą  Šdetained€under€the€prompt€security€measures,€as€stated€by€the€Government.€She€was€keptŠ V"¦! Šincommunicado€for€many€months.€it€is€not€in€dispute€that€she€was€kept€in€detention€for€moreŠ <#Œ" Šthan€seven€months€without€charges,€and€later,€according€to€the€information€provided€by€theŠ "$r# ŠGovernment,€she€was€kept€in€detention€for€over€18€months€(28€September€1976€to€AprilŠ %X $ Š1978)€on€the€charge€of€"assisting€a€subversive€association",€apparently€on€similar€groundsŠ ī%>!% Što€those€in€the€case€of€her€husband.€She€was€tried€and€sentenced€in€April€1978€by€a€militaryŠ Ō&$"& Šjudge,€at€which€time€her€offence€was€deemed€to€be€purged€by€the€period€spent€in€custodyŠ ŗ' #' Špending€trial.€She€was,€however,€kept€in€detention€until€11€February€1979.€Throughout€herŠ  (š#( Šperiod€of€detention€and€during€her€trial€she€had€no€effective€access€to€legal€assistance.€WithŠ †)Ö$) Šregard€to€her€allegations€that€during€her€detention€she€was€subjected€to€illtreatment€and€toŠ l*¼%* Šphysical€and€mental€torture,€she€states€that€she€complained€to€the€military€judge,€but€thereŠ R+¢&+ Šis€no€evidence€that€her€complaints€have€been€investigated.€Š 8,ˆ', ŠŠ -n(- Š15.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€has€considered€whether€acts€and€treatment,€which€areŠ ° Šprimafacie€not€in€conformity€with€the€Covenant,€could€for€any€reasons€be€justified€under€theŠ –ę ŠCovenant€in€the€circumstances.€The€Government€has€referred€to€provisions€of€UruguayanŠ |Ģ Šlaw,€in€particular€the€"prompt€security€measures".€However,€the€Covenant€(art.€4)€does€notŠ b² Šallow€national€measures€derogating€from€any€of€its€provisions€except€in€strictly€definedŠ H˜ Šcircumstances,€and€the€Government€has€not€made€any€submissions€of€fact€or€law€to€justifyŠ . ~ Šsuch€derogation.€Moreover,€some€of€the€facts€referred€to€above€raise€issues€under€provisionsŠ  d Šfrom€which€the€Covenant€does€not€allow€any€derogation€under€any€circumstances.€Š ś J ŠĢAs€regards€the€observations€of€the€Government€quoted€above€(para.€8)€it€appears€from€theŠ Ę   Šabove€findings€of€the€Committee€(para.€14)€that€various€guarantees€of€due€process€have€notŠ ¬ ü  Šbeen€effectively€observed,€and€that€a€number€of€quite€specific€allegations€of€illtreatment€andŠ ’ā  Štorture€have€only€been€deemed€by€the€Government€"not€worthy€of€any€further€comment".Š xČ  ŠIn€its€decision€of€26€October€1979€concerning€case€No.€9/1977,€the€Committee€hasŠ ^®  Šemphasized€that€denials€of€a€general€character€do€not€suffice.€Specific€responses€andŠ D”  Špertinent€evidence€(including€copies€of€the€relevant€decisions€of€the€courts€and€findings€ofŠ *z  Šany€investigations€which€have€taken€place€into€the€validity€of€the€complaints€made)€in€replyŠ ` Što€the€contentions€of€the€author€of€a€communication€are€required.€The€Government€did€notŠ öF Šfurnish€the€Committee€with€such€information.€Consequently,€the€Committee€cannot€but€drawŠ Ü, Šappropriate€conclusions€on€the€basis€of€the€information€before€it.€Š Ā ŠĢ16.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theŠ ŽŽ ŠInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€the€facts€set€outŠ tÄ Šabove€(para.€14),€in€so€far€as€they€continued€or€occurred€after€23€March€1976€(the€date€onŠ ZŖ Šwhich€the€Covenant€and€the€Optional€Protocol€entered€into€force€for€Uruguay),€disclose,€forŠ @ Šthe€reasons€set€out€above€(para.€15)€violations€of€the€International€Coychant€on€Civil€andŠ &v ŠPolitical€Rights,€with€respect€to€both€Alcides€Lanza€Perdomo€and€Beatriz€Weismann€deŠ  \ ŠLanza,€in€particular€of:€Š ņB ŠĢArticle€7€and€article€10€(1),€because€of€the€treatment€which€they€received€during€theirŠ ¾ Šdetention;€Š ¤ō ŠĢArticle€9€(I),€because€they€were€not€released,€in€the€case€of€Alcides€Lanza€Perdomo,€for€fiveŠ p!Ą  Šmonths€and,€in€the€case€of€Beatriz€Weismann€de€Lanza,€for€10€months,€after€their€sentencesŠ V"¦! Šof€imprisonment€had€been€fully€served.€Š <#Œ" ŠĢArticle€9€(3),€because€upon€their€arrest€they€were€not€brought€promptly€before€a€judicialŠ %X $ Šofficer€and€because€they€were€not€brought€to€trial€within€a€reasonable€time;€Š ī%>!% ŠĢArticle€9€(4),€because€they€were€unable€effectively€to€challenge€their€arrest€and€detention;€Š ŗ' #' ŠĢArticle€14€(1),€(2)€and€(3),€because€they€had€no€effective€access€to€legal€assistance,€they€wereŠ †)Ö$) Šnot€brought€to€trial€within€a€reasonable€time,€and€further€because€they€were€tried€inŠ l*¼%* Šcircumstances€in€which€irrespective€of€the€legislative€provisions€they€could€not€effectivelyŠ R+¢&+ Šenjoy€the€safeguards€of€fair€trial;€Š 8,ˆ', ŠŠ -n(- ŠArticle€19€of€the€Covenant€provides€that€everyone€shall€have€the€right€to€hold€opinionsŠ ° Šwithout€interference€and€that€the€freedom€of€expression€set€forth€in€paragraph€2€of€thatŠ –ę Šarticle€shall€be€subject€only€to€such€restrictions€as€are€necessary€(a)€for€respect€of€the€rightsŠ |Ģ Šand€reputations€of€others€and€(b)€for€the€protection€of€national€security€or€of€public€orderŠ b² Š(ordre€public),€or€of€public€health€or€morals.€The€Government€of€Uruguay€has€submitted€noŠ H˜ Ševidence€regarding€the€nature€of€the€political€activities€in€which€Beatriz€Weismann€andŠ . ~ ŠAlcides€Lanza€were€alleged€to€have€been€engaged€and€which€led€to€their€arrest,€detention€andŠ  d Štrial.€Information€that€they€were€charged€with€subversive€association€is€not€in€itselfŠ ś J Šsufficient.€The€Committee€is€therefore€unable€to€conclude€on€the€information€before€it€thatŠ ą 0 Šthe€arrest,€detention€and€trial€of€Beatriz€Weismann€and€Alcides€Lanza€were€justified€on€anyŠ Ę   Šof€the€grounds€mentioned€in€article€19€(3)€of€the€Covenant.€Š ¬ ü  ŠĢ17.€Accordingly,€while€the€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€that€Beatriz€Weismann€andŠ xČ  ŠAlcides€Lanza€have€now€been€released,€it€is€nevertheless€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€isŠ ^®  Šunder€an€obligation€to€provide€them€with€effective€remedies,€including€compensation,€forŠ D”  Šthe€violations€which€they€have€suffered€and€to€take€steps€to€ensure€that€similar€violations€doŠ *z  Šnot€occur€in€the€future.€