ÿWPC5 B@Tê¯1 ]æ~À§ê|r,÷Œ†)®DQù¯†Ê#|´%¤S`ЬæwACu˜ËÉkÙÀE¼”ÇžxöÎ<\í‹ À›Ê”œÈ¤ÍL —Ä7Ö¤Þ©Š÷î#o·wãÄr,(mhNÖØ{ý¨2óµ,ô¨šÓöǸ¨¤@þJlXÄöUÿ»lÇ•^ËÄ剠]hs« hVÅÞŠš°—ð&ðÇAHù'a/È1É81¨Ã·r‡”2ÕÀbÚpÚ»ûï±&Ú‹;&ÜÇ#)r¾½´£%pJW‚0ðp(½\‚ŸL«NMœ«úÅ †ªnfµ8\,Z8ùÃhþ÷˵Q/hR~Î/dÁ´ ¡¤`î8{P\²ñTmç#~•Møìµ~·šÁ…} -¾¯øß2OhaPÐ{BP þäqLšZös7ùè7 Þe_PT†Ëbïç²Qþ³¾zŸÆ„S<Ú lX 1*ê‡l:Í”æ>€¥ÃJ²‹dÒªì) P/i ‚qÛµ΃Ä9ÚÈä‡Í[Kd¸rb²‡æ¨ŽÐq£ä¦MŽÒ’r®ÏwZÜAÊÍ^„$ÄÂùÄϧðY5cg¶ø?îýÖȨ$î«z³Í²s #ÁšUN[ %© 0:¯^ éwõ4ù  m˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ô•ô* Äpì* œ,§Ÿ3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòOrtega€v.€EcuadoróóÐ à ÐÌCommunication€No€481/1991**Ð pÀ ÐÌ8€April€1997Ð P   ÐÌÔ_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/59/D/481/1991*Ð 0 € ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ P  ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€Jorge€Villacrs€Ortega€[represented€by€Ha.€E.€Monge]€Ð Ð  ÐÌòòVictimóó:€The€author€Ð ° ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€Ecuador€Ð à ÐÌòòDate€of€communicationóó:€4€November€1991€(initial€submission)€Ð pÀ ÐÌòòDate€of€decision€on€admissibilityóó:€16€March€1995€óóÐ P  ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€Covenant€on€CivilÐ  p Ðand€Political€Rights,€Ð ` ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€8€April€1997,€Ð ð@ ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€481/1991€submitted€to€the€Human€RightsÐ Ð  ÐCommittee€on€behalf€of€Mr.€Jorge€Villacrs€Ortega€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€InternationalÐ À! ÐCovenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð °"  ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€author€of€theÐ $à" Ðcommunication,€his€counsel€and€the€State€party,€Ð €%Ð # ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð `'°"% ÐÌÌòòò òÓ  ÓViews€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóóÐ 0*€%( ÐÓÌÓÌÌ1.€The€author€of€the€communication€is€Jorge€Villacrð.ðs€Ortega,€an€Ecuadorian€citizen,€residing€inÐ -P(+ ÐQuito,€Ecuador.€At€the€time€of€submission€of€the€communication€he€was€imprisoned€at€the€Cð ðrcelÐ ð-@), Ðde€Varones€at€Quito.€He€claims€to€be€a€victim€of€violations€by€Ecuador€of€articles€2,€7,€9€and€14€ofÐ ° Ðthe€International€Covenant€of€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€He€is€represented€by€the€ComisiðDðnÐ  ð ÐEcumð.ðnica€de€Derechos€Humanos€(CEDHU),€a€non-governmental€organization€in€Quito,€Ecuador.€Ð à ÐÌòòThe€facts€as€submitted€by€the€author€óóÐ pÀ ÐÌ2.1€The€author€is€a€carpenter€by€profession.€He€was€detained€on€19€October€1989€by€police€officers,Ð P   Ðwho€found€less€than€one€gram€of€cocaine€in€his€pockets,€and€arrested€him€on€suspicion€of€traffickingÐ @  Ðin€cocaine.€He€was€tried€by€the€Tribunal€Cuarto€de€Pichincha,€found€guilty€as€charged€and€sentenced,Ð 0 € Ðon€3€June€1991,€to€eight€years'€imprisonment.€He€appealed€to€the€Supreme€Court€of€Justice,€whichÐ  p  Ðquashed€the€conviction€and€ordered€him€sent€to€a€rehabilitation€programme€for€drug€addicts.€Ð `  ÐÌ2.2€With€regard€to€his€arrest,€the€author€states€that€he€was€taken€to€Interpol€by€agents€of€the€SIC-PÐ ð@  Ð(security€police),€and€that€a€representative€of€CEDHU€visited€him€at€the€police€station€and€saw€theÐ à0  Ðtraces€of€beatings€on€his€back,€arm€and€stomach.€Ð Ð  ÐÌ2.3€He€admitted€to€possession€of€cocaine,€which€he€claimed€to€have€bought€for€his€ownÐ ° Ðconsumption.€The€forensic€tests€carried€out€proved€that€he€was€an€addict.€Although€the€report€fromÐ  ð Ðthe€office€of€the€public€prosecutor€recommended€that€he€be€sent€to€a€hospital€for€disintoxicationÐ à Ðtreatment,€this€was€ignored€by€the€sentencing€judge.€Ð €Ð ÐÌ2.4€Counsel€states€that€the€author€was€tortured€by€prison€personnel€following€an€escape€attempt€byÐ `° Ðthe€author's€Ô_ÔcellmatesÔ_Ô,€on€1€June€1990.€The€medical€report1€stated€that€"...€he€had€a€reddishÐ P  Ðinflammation€on€both€eyelids€due€to€the€introduction€of€aji€(peppers)€and€gas;€tear€and€pricklyÐ @ Ðconjunctivitis;€multiple€round€black€traces,€on€his€abdomen€and€thorax,€resulting€from€theÐ 0€ Ðapplication€of€electric€discharges,€bruises€on€his€thigh€and€skin€stripped€off€his€leg€...".€Ð  p ÐÌ2.5€With€respect€to€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€author,€while€in€prison,€filed€a€recursoÐ P Ðde€Ô_ÔamparoÔ_Ô.€There€is€no€further€information€concerning€the€status€of€that€recourse.€Ð ð@ ÐÌòòThe€complaintóó€Ð Ð  ÐÌ3.1€The€author€claims€to€be€a€victim€of€a€violation€of€article€7€because€he€was€subjected€to€tortureÐ °"  Ðand€ill-treatment€following€his€arrest.€This€was€attested€to€by€a€member€of€CEDHU.€Ð  #ð! ÐÌ3.2€Although€the€author€does€not€specifically€invoke€article€10€of€the€Covenant,€the€facts€before€theÐ €%Ð # ÐCommittee€concerning€alleged€ill-treatment€while€the€author€was€imprisoned€appear€to€raise€issuesÐ p&À!$ Ðunder€that€article.€Ð `'°"% ÐÌ3.3€The€author€also€claims€to€be€a€victim€of€a€violation€of€article€9€because€he€was€subjected€toÐ @)$' Ðarbitrary€arrest€and€detention,€although€he€was€not€a€drug€trafficker,€but€only€a€consumer.€Ð 0*€%( ÐÌ3.4€It€is€further€submitted€by€the€author€that€his€trial€was€unfair,€in€violation€of€article€14€of€theÐ ,`'* ÐCovenant.€In€this€respect,€he€contends€that€he€was€convicted€despite€the€reports€submitted€by€theÐ -P(+ Ðpublic€prosecutor's€office€recommending€that€he€undergo€drug€rehabilitation€treatment,€in€accordanceÐ ð-@), Ðwith€Ecuadorian€law.€Ð ° ÐÌòòThe€Committee's€decision€on€admissibilityóó€Ð à ÐÌ4.€On€26€August€1992,€the€communication€was€transmitted€to€the€State€party,€which€was€requestedÐ pÀ Ðto€submit€to€the€Committee€information€and€observations€in€respect€of€the€question€of€admissibilityÐ ` ° Ðof€the€communication.€Despite€two€reminders,€sent€on€10€May€1993€and€9€December€1994,€noÐ P   Ðsubmission€had€been€received€from€the€State€party€prior€to€the€Committee's€admissibility€decision.€Ð @  ÐÌ5.1€Before€considering€any€claims€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ  p  Ðmust,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€rules€of€procedure,€decide€whether€or€not€it€is€admissibleÐ `  Ðunder€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.€Ð P  ÐÌ5.2€The€Committee€ascertained,€as€required€under€article€5,€paragraph€2(a),€of€the€Optional€Protocol,Ð à0  Ðthat€the€same€matter€had€not€been€examined€under€another€procedure€of€international€investigationÐ Ð  Ðor€settlement.€Ð À ÐÌ5.3€The€Committee€noted€with€concern€the€absence€of€cooperation€from€the€State€party,€despite€twoÐ  ð Ðreminders€addressed€to€it.€On€the€basis€of€the€information€before€it,€the€Committee€found€that€it€wasÐ à Ðnot€precluded€from€considering€the€communication€under€article€5,€paragraph€2(b),€of€the€OptionalÐ €Ð ÐProtocol.€Ð pÀ ÐÌ5.4€With€respect€to€the€author's€complaint€that€he€had€been€subjected€to€torture€and€ill-treatment€inÐ P  Ðviolation€of€articles€7€and€10€of€the€Covenant,€as€attested€to€by€a€member€of€CEDHU,€the€CommitteeÐ @ Ðfound€that€the€facts€as€submitted€by€the€author€were€substantiated,€for€purposes€of€admissibility.€Ð 0€ ÐÌ5.5€The€Committee€found€that,€for€purposes€of€admissibility,€the€arrest€of€the€author€on€possessionÐ ` Ðof€cocaine€was€not€arbitrary.€Nor€had€the€author€submitted€sufficient€evidence€to€substantiate,€forÐ P Ðpurposes€of€admissibility,€a€claim€of€a€violation€of€article€14€of€the€Covenant.€Ð ð@ ÐÌ6.€On€16€March€1995,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€decided€that€the€communication€wasÐ Ð  Ðadmissible.€The€author€should€be€requested€to€provide€medical€reports€in€respect€of€the€allegationsÐ À! Ðof€ill-treatment€he€had€suffered.€Ð °"  ÐÌòòObservations€by€the€State€party€about€the€merits€of€the€case€and€comments€thereon€by€the€authoróó€Ð $à" ÐÌ7.1€In€two€submissions€on€the€merits€of€the€communication,€dated€18€October€1995€and€23€MayÐ p&À!$ Ð1996,€the€State€party€states€that€Jorge€Oswaldo€Villacrs€Ortega€has€been€arrested€22€times€on€aÐ `'°"% Ðvariety€of€offences,€including€the€1989€detention€for€possession€of€cocaine.€Ð P( #& ÐÌ7.2€With€regard€to€the€allegations€of€torture€and€ill-treatment€made€by€the€author€(see€paragraphs€2.2Ð 0*€%( Ðand€2.4€above),€the€State€party€forwards€the€results€of€a€police€investigation,€dated€1€April€1996€andÐ  +p&) Ðsigned€by€two€police€officials€of€the€Pichincha€District,€indicating€that€no€medical€report€or€otherÐ ,`'* Ðevidence€of€torture€or€ill-treatment€of€Mr.€Ô_ÔVillacrsÔ_Ô€has€been€found.€Reference€is€made€to€allegationsÐ -P(+ Ðby€the€defence€counsel€of€Mr.€Villacrs€to€the€effect€that€a€medical€report€did€exist.€The€policeÐ ð-@), Ðinspectors€allegedly€were€unable€to€obtain€a€copy€of€the€report€from€the€CEDHU€office€at€Quito.€Ð ° ÐÌ8.1€By€a€submission€of€31€May€1996,€CEDHU€confirms€that€Mr.€Villacrs€was€detained€on€19Ð à ÐOctober€1989€and€released€on€17€January€1992.€With€respect€to€the€alleged€ill-treatment€duringÐ €Ð Ðdetention,€CEDHU€states€that€it€does€not€have€the€medical€report€requested€by€the€Committee€inÐ pÀ Ðparagraph€6(c)€of€the€admissibility€decision.€Ô_ÔCEDHUÔ_Ô€contends€that€the€report€is€probably€filed€withÐ ` ° Ðthe€record€of€the€Villacrð.ðs€case€before€the€Ecuadorian€Supreme€Court.€Ð P   ÐÌ8.2€On€12€October€1996,€CEDHU€submitted€a€copy€of€the€medical€report,€dated€9€June€1990€andÐ 0 € Ðcertified€before€a€magistrate€(Ô_ÔJuezÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔPrimeroÔ_Ô€de€lo€Penal€de€Procuradurð6ða),€stating€that€the€injuriesÐ  p  Ðsuffered€were€consistent€with€those€produced€by€irritating€substances€and€by€the€application€ofÐ `  Ðelectrodes.€Ð P  ÐÌòòExamination€on€the€meritsóó€Ð à0  ÐÌ9.1€The€Human€Rights€Committee€has€considered€the€present€communication€in€the€light€of€all€theÐ À Ðinformation€made€available€to€it€by€the€parties,€as€provided€in€article€5,€paragraph€1,€of€the€OptionalÐ ° ÐProtocol.€Ð  ð ÐÌ9.2€With€regard€to€the€author's€allegations€of€ill-treatment€(see€paragraphs€2.2€and€2.4€above),€twoÐ €Ð Ðissues€arise:€in€respect€of€the€first,€i.e.,€the€ill-treatment€the€author€suffered€at€the€hands€of€the€policeÐ pÀ Ðfollowing€his€arrest,€the€Committee€considers€that€this€claim€has€not€been€substantiated.€As€to€theÐ `° Ðsecond€issue,€i.e.,€the€ill-treatment€the€author€suffered€after€an€escape€attempt€by€his€cellmates,€theÐ P  ÐCommittee€has€noted€the€State€party's€claim€that€it€was€unable€to€trace€the€author's€medical€reports,Ð @ Ðalthough€the€copy€in€the€case€file€reveals€that€this€report€was€certified€in€the€presence€of€a€magistrate.Ð 0€ ÐIn€the€circumstances,€due€weight€must€be€given€to€the€author's€allegations,€to€the€extent€that€theyÐ  p Ðhave€been€substantiated€by€the€medical€reports€submitted€by€counsel,€in€particular€that€of€9€JuneÐ ` Ð1990,€where€it€is€confirmed€that€the€author€showed€signs€of€ill-treatment.€In€the€Committee's€view,Ð P Ðthe€treatment€suffered€by€the€author€after€the€escape€attempt€of€his€Ô_ÔcellmatesÔ_Ô€amounts€to€cruel€andÐ ð@ Ðinhuman€treatment,€in€violation€of€article€7€and€article€10,€paragraph€1,€of€the€Covenant.€Ð à0 ÐÌ10.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€Optional€Protocol€toÐ À! Ðthe€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€the€facts€before€itÐ °"  Ðdisclose€violations€of€article€7€and€article€10,€paragraph€1,€of€the€Covenant.€Ð  #ð! ÐÌ11.€Pursuant€to€article€2,€paragraph€3(a),€of€the€Covenant,€the€author€is€entitled€to€an€effectiveÐ €%Ð # Ðremedy,€entailing€compensation€for€the€ill-treatment€suffered.€The€Committee€reaffirms€theÐ p&À!$ Ðobligation€to€treat€individuals€deprived€of€their€liberty€with€respect€for€the€inherent€dignity€of€theÐ `'°"% Ðhuman€person.€The€State€party€is€under€an€obligation€to€ensure€that€similar€events€do€not€occur€inÐ P( #& Ðthe€future.€Ð @)$' ÐÌ12.€Bearing€in€mind€that,€by€becoming€a€State€party€to€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€party€hasÐ  +p&) Ðrecognized€the€competence€of€the€Committee€to€determine€whether€there€has€been€a€violation€of€theÐ ,`'* ÐCovenant€or€not€and€that,€pursuant€to€article€2€of€the€Covenant,€the€State€party€has€undertaken€toÐ -P(+ Ðensure€to€all€individuals€within€its€territory€and€subject€to€its€jurisdiction€the€rights€recognized€in€theÐ ð-@), ÐCovenant€and€to€provide€an€effective€and€enforceable€remedy€in€case€a€violation€is€established,€theÐ ° ÐCommittee€wishes€to€receive€from€the€State€party,€within€90€days,€information€about€the€measuresÐ  ð Ðtaken€to€give€effect€to€its€Views.€Ð à ÐÌ____________€Ð pÀ ÐÌ*€Pursuant€to€rule€85€of€the€rules€of€procedure,€Committee€member€Julio€Prado€Vallejo€did€not€takeÐ P   Ðpart€in€the€approval€of€the€Committee's€views.€Ð @  ÐÌ**€Participants:€MM.€Ô_ÔNisukeÔ_Ô€Ando,€Ô_ÔPrafullachandraÔ_Ô€N.€Ô_ÔBhagwatiÔ_Ô€et€Thomas€Ô_ÔBuergenthalÔ_Ô,€MmeÐ  p  ÐChristine€Ô_ÔChanetÔ_Ô,€M.€Ô_ÔOmranÔ_Ô€El€Ô_ÔShafeiÔ_Ô,€Mmes€Elizabeth€Evatt,€Pilar€Ô_ÔGaitanÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔPomboÔ_Ô,€MM.€Ô_ÔEckartÔ_ÔÐ `  ÐKlein€et€David€Ô_ÔKretzmerÔ_Ô,€Mmes€Cecilia€Medina€Ô_ÔQuirogaÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔLaureÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMoghaizelÔ_Ô,€MM.€Fausto€Ô_ÔPocarÔ_Ô,Ð P  ÐMartin€Ô_ÔScheininÔ_Ô,€Danilo€Ô_ÔTrkÔ_Ô€et€Maxwell€Ô_ÔYaldenÔ_Ô.€Ð ð@  ÐÌ[Adopted€in€English,€French€and€Spanish,€the€English€text€being€the€original€version.€SubsequentlyÐ Ð  Ðto€be€issued€also€in€Arabic,€Chinese€and€Russian€as€part€of€the€annual€report€to€the€GeneralÐ À ÐAssembly.]€