ÿWPCû sLÁ=`h´Êµ»e5½ÎÃHFÚ Æ¼î“¿Ý£€t‹ËÅ;H]y Æ×òCr ¯¿í.•¹é'ˆ0÷é Îãé®nÞw‹úßàM0âÏÌ©4›È¦8%v8#ökPè쵕+Ão ‹Å1tSÉG2z}‹ XhÏŒ©µ,õU(c%msNÑ¿Î5¯²mf©d; ¡ßëú0¬×g;§1µÿ=tsßkRjG!`Sà ­…MúAÚ´a–y"÷œPL!÷Š<$Ÿ›1ÖŸz›NÕãÓCÅ}v]„×Ñ,$NëÞñ°&4$,Ì,:á!TÊö”|„ás“¦‡ŽRÞ² yÎ𠑧³´˜/Ô_ìŸ[bù;¢íbgndQA êѳÿOìááe}…ê ¥à'1ÿ'°‡YÈk¿¦$¸ŠœYÛ%·jF…š‰©®Ý#®ñjtP°3öÉCu}•E\[“Á@oõ/ÜuläÖæR¶cN»S¿Düš8oø»ÙœX0:0‘ñ¤¨|}\+Öä àDµ·Ö+ t&„Yý9H»à­®çÃôŠWjA‚ˆ†) 9z&ÝAz6Ïì+›îO»‹Ì°>²Í¨_PD©ìf*…4ïíÞeUU>¤Ìâ 0µ® 0<c 0YŸ 0_ø 0iW 0PÀÆ 0áÖ 0(· D+ß AM W 0Ng 0Ƶ #Á{ UN< %ŠM(”N¼^ ¾wÊ4Îâ mäô\  `‹&Times New Roman' I. M. [name deleted] v. Italy, Communication No. 266/1987 (30 March 1989), U.N. Doc. Supp.4989), U.N. Doc. Supp."Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2Ï$££Ý ƒf+!ÝÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X(ÞXXXÔÔ€X(ÞXXX(ÞÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(ÍO$——ÔÿÔòòóóÔÿÔ(žf+$¡¡ÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X6®XXXÔÔ€X6®XXX6®ÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularXL¢ø* Äpì*c(„³CorelÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒf+!ÝÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X(ÞXXXÔÔ€X(ÞXXX(ÞÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòI.€Ô_ÔM.Ô_Ô€v.€ItalyóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€266/1987Ð H˜ ÐÌ23€March€1989Ð  d ÐÌÌADMISSIBILITYó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:óó€A.€M.€[name€deleted]Ð xÈ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victim:óó€I.€M.€[author's€brother,€deceased]Ð D”  ÐÌòòState€party€concerned:óó€ItalyÐ ` ÐÌòòDate€of€communication:óó€5€November€1987€(date€of€initial€letter)óóÐ Ü, ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committee,€óóestablished€under€article€28€of€the€International€CovenantÐ ŽÞ Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights,Ð tÄ ÐÌòòMeeting€óóon€23€March€1989,Ð @ ÐÌòòAdopts€óóthe€following:Ð  \ ÐÓæÓÌÌòòÓ  Óò òDecision€on€admissibilityóó*ó óÐ ¾ ÐÓÓÌÌÓ  Ó1.€The€author€of€the€communication€(initial€submission€postmarked€5€November€1987;Ð p!À  Ðfurther€letters€dated€20€June,€4€August,€5€and€28€September€1988€and€7€February€1989)€isÐ V"¦! ÐA.€M.,€a€Spanish€citizen€residing€at€Geneva,€Switzerland.€He€submits€the€communication€onÐ <#Œ" Ðbehalf€of€his€deceased€brother,€I.€M.,€born€on€18€August€1941€in€Spain,€who€died€in€anÐ "$r# ÐItalian€prison€on€26€August€1987€following€a€hunger€strike.€He€alleges€that€Italian€authoritiesÐ %X $ Ðviolated€his€brother's€human€rights.Ð î%>!% ÐÌ2.1€The€author€states€that€his€brother€was€arrested€in€Milan€on€6€April€1987€on€suspicion€ofÐ º' #' Ðinvolvement€in€the€traffic€of€drugs.€He€was€allegedly€not€visited€by€the€investigating€officer,Ð  (ð#( ÐJudge€A.€C.,€until€3€June€1987,€that€is,€almost€two€months€after€the€beginning€of€hisÐ †)Ö$) Ðdetention.€It€appears€that€this€interrogation€proved€inconclusive€and€that€no€formal€chargesÐ l*¼%* Ðwere€raised,€so€that€I.€M.€requested€a€second€interrogation€in€order€to€establish€his€innocence.Ð R+¢&+ ÐHowever,€no€further€interrogation€was€granted€and€I.€M.€protested€against€his€continuedÐ 8,ˆ', Ðdetention€by€going€on€a€hunger€strike€on€7€July€1987.€During€this€period€he€was€allegedlyÐ -n(- Ðseen€only€once€by€the€prison€doctors,€when€he€was€transferred€to€the€hospital,€only€to€beÐ ° Ðreturned€to€the€prison€because€his€condition€was€not€considered€sufficiently€serious.€TheÐ –æ Ðdoctors€recommended€that€he€be€fed€intravenously,€but€this€recommendation€was€notÐ |Ì Ðimplemented.Ð b² ÐÌ2.2€I.€M.'s€companion,€M.€R.€R.,€was€able€to€visit€him€every€15€days€at€the€prison.€When€sheÐ . ~ Ðsaw€him€on€20€August,€he€allegedly€complained€that€his€head€had€been€injured€and€that€heÐ  d Ðcould€not€see€well.€In€spite€of€her€insistence,€he€was€not€taken€to€the€hospital€until€24Ð ú J ÐAugust,€when€he€was€already€in€a€coma,€and€he€died€two€days€later.Ð à 0 ÐÌ2.3€With€regard€to€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€author€and€M.€R.€R.€haveÐ ¬ ü  Ðaddressed€a€complaint€to€the€Italian€Attorney„General.€The€Italian€lawyers€responsible€forÐ ’â  Ðthe€case€have€informed€the€author€that€a€criminal€investigation€has€been€opened€against€theÐ xÈ  Ðdoctors€at€the€prison€and€at€the€hospital.Ð ^®  ÐÌ3.€By€decision€of€15€March€1988,€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ *z  Ðtransmitted€the€communication€to€the€State€party,€requesting€it,€under€rule€91€of€provisionalÐ ` Ðrules€of€procedure,€to€provide€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€theÐ öF Ðadmissibility€of€the€communication.€The€State€party€was€further€requested€to€provide€aÐ Ü, Ðnumber€of€clarifications€concerning€the€case€of€I.€M.€The€author€himself€was€requested€toÐ Â Ðspecify€the€nature€of€the€complaint€submitted€to€the€Italian€Attorney„General€and€the€currentÐ ¨ø Ðstage€of€the€investigations.Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ4.€In€a€letter€dated€20€June€1988,€the€author€gives€fuller€information€in€reply€to€the€questionsÐ Zª Ðraised€by€the€Working€Group.€He€states€that€in€the€complaint€made€to€the€Italian€Attorney„Ð @ ÐGeneral€the€charge€is€"involuntary€homicide".€As€to€the€current€stage€of€the€investigation,Ð &v Ðthe€author€indicates€that€they€are€still€ding€and€forwards€copies€of€his€correspondence€withÐ  \ Ðthe€Italian€authorities€and€his€counsel€at€Milan.Ð òB ÐÌ5.1€In€its€submission€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€dated€August€1988,Ð ¾ Ðthe€State€party€provides€the€clarifications€requested€by€the€Working€up€and€objects€to€theÐ ¤ô Ðadmissibility€of€the€communication.€Recapitulating€the€facts,€it€explains€that€the€allegedÐ Š Ú Ðvictim:Ð p!À  ÐÌ"was€arrested€on€6€April€1987€by€the€Anti„Drug€Operations€Unit€of€the€Fraud€Squad€for€theÐ <#Œ" Ðoffences€covered€in€articles€495€and€473€of€the€Penal€Code€and€taken€into€custody€òò(Ô_ÔfermoÔ_Ô)Ð "$r# Ðóóby€the€judicial€police€on€the€strong€suspicion€of€having€committed€the€offences€referred€toÐ %X $ Ðin€articles€71€and€75€of€Act€No.€685€of€22€December€1975€(traffic€in€significant€quantitiesÐ î%>!% Ðof€drugs€and€unlawful€association€with€persons€engaged€in€drug€traffic).€The€official€noticesÐ Ô&$"& Ðof€the€arrest€and€preventive€detention€were€formally€drafted€in€the€name€of€R.€F.€J.€v.€D.,Ð º' #' Ðappearing€in€the€identity€papers€produced€by€the€accused;€the€Fraud€Squad€immediatelyÐ  (ð#( Ðestablished€that€the€same€individual€had€been€identified€on€a€previous€occasion€as€I.€M.€andÐ †)Ö$) Ðon€another€occasion€as€J.€L."Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ5.2€The€State€party€adds€that€I.€M.€was€duly€notified€of€the€criminal€activities:€ascribed€toÐ 8,ˆ', Ðhim€at€the€first€interrogation€carried€out€by€the€Deputy€Prosecutor€of€the€Milan€Prosecutor'sÐ -n(- ÐÔ_ÔOffice,€Dr.€I.€B.,€on€11€April€1987€at€9.20€a.m.€At€the€end€of€the€interrogation€I.€M.€wasÐ ° Ðserved€with€arrest€warrant€No.€634/87€D,€issued€on€10€April€1987€by€the€aforementionedÐ –æ Ðmagistrate,€which€contained€the€charges€and€the€statement€of€grounds.€I.€M.€received€aÐ |Ì Ðfurther€formal€notice€of€the€charges€against€him€by€arrest€warrant€No.€508/87€F,€issued€onÐ b² Ð26€May€1987€by€the€examining€magistrate€Dr.€A.€C.".€I.€M.€was€interrogated€on€twoÐ H˜ Ðsubsequent€occasions€by€the€examining€magistrate,€Dr.€A.€C.,€on€3€and€8€June€1987.Ð . ~ ÐÌ5.3€I.€M.€'s€request€for€a€further€interview€with€the€examining€magistrate€at€the€time€he€beganÐ ú J Ðhis€hunger€strike€was€rejected€by€the€latter€on€21€August€1987.€She€pointed€out€that€theÐ à 0 Ðaccused€had€already€been€heard€on€three€occasions€and€for€many€hours€about€the€activitiesÐ Æ   Ðthat€had€led€to€his€arrest,€that€court€proceedings€were€suspended€for€the€vacation€period€andÐ ¬ ü  Ðthat,€in€any€event,€the€defendant€could€have€addressed€to€her,€under€article€35€of€the€prisonÐ ’â  Ðregulations€any€request€or€statement€which€he€might€have€considered€useful€for€his€defence.Ð xÈ  ÐI.€M.€'s€companion,€M.€R.€R.,€had€been€authorized€to€visit€the€defendant€first€by€the€DeputyÐ ^®  Ðprosecutor€and€subsequently€by€the€examining€magistrate,€as€can€be€ascertained€from€aÐ D”  Ðstatement€sent€by€her€to€the€Attorney„General€on€28€August€1987.€This€permission,Ð *z  Ðaccording€to€the€State€party,€was€not€withdrawn€during€the€month€of€August;€on€17€AugustÐ ` Ð1987,€I.€M.€had€declined€to€see€her€because€of€his€state€of€health.Ð öF ÐÌ5.4€The€State€party€considers€that€the€events€described€above€"point€to€the€fact€that€theÐ Â Ðresponsibility€for€I.€M.'s€tragic€end€cannot€be€attributed€to€the€examining€magistrate,€whoÐ ¨ø Ðshowed€herself€to€be€responsive,€in€the€context€of€her€competence€and€in€conformity€withÐ ŽÞ Ðthe€requirements€of€the€investigation,€to€the€requests€made€by€members€of€the€prisoner'sÐ tÄ Ðfamily".Ð Zª ÐÌ5.5€The€State€party€further€adds€that€immediately€after€I.€M.'s€death€the€examining€magistrateÐ &v Ðprepared€and€submitted€a€report€detailing€the€facts€of€the€case€to€the€Attorney„General'sÐ  \ Ðoffice,€which€instituted€criminal€proceedings€against€the€persons€alleged€to€be€responsibleÐ òB Ðfor€the€death€of€the€victim.€Pre„trial€proceedings€are€currently€under€way,€and€it€is€submittedÐ Ø( Ðthat€they€are€progressing€normally.Ð ¾ ÐÌ5.6€The€State€party€recalls€that€the€author's€principal€complaint€relates€to€tht€fact€that€theÐ Š Ú Ðvictim's€request€for€a€further€interview€with€the€examining€magistrate€had€been€rejected,€andÐ p!À  Ðemphasizes€that€there€is€no€obligation€on€the€part€of€the€magistrate€to€grant€such€requests,Ð V"¦! Ðand€that€the€Code€of€Penal€Procedure,€which€exhaustively€regulates€the€circumstances€andÐ <#Œ" Ðmodalities€of€such€requests€(art.€190),€does€not€provide€for€the€possibility€of€an€appeal.€WithÐ "$r# Ðthe€exception€of€the€initial€interrogation€of€the€prisoner€(arts.€245€and€365€of€the€Penal€Code)Ð %X $ Ðfor€the€purpose€of€enabling€him€to€respond€to€the€charge€and€authorize€his€defence,€theÐ î%>!% Ðmagistrate€has€no€obligation€to€hear€the€accused€on€several€occasions.€On€the€contrary,€underÐ Ô&$"& Ðarticle€299€of€the€Code€of€Penal€Procedure,€the€examining€magistrate€"has€the€obligation€toÐ º' #' Ðexecute€promptly€all€„€and€solely€„€those€acts€which€appear€necessary€in€order€to€establishÐ  (ð#( Ðthe€truth€in€the€light€of€the€evidence€collected€and€having€regard€to€the€progress€of€theÐ †)Ö$) Ðinvestigation".€The€authorities€thus€enjoy€discretionary€power€in€ascertaining€whether€aÐ l*¼%* Ðfurther€interrogation€of€the€defendant€is€necessary.Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌ5.7€Finally,€the€State€party€points€out€that€the€author€retains€the€right,€under€article€91€of€theÐ -n(- ÐCode€of€Penal€Procedure,€to€introduce€a€civil€action€against€the€individuals€held€to€beÐ ° Ðresponsible€for€his€brother's€death.Ð –æ ÐÌ6.1€Commenting€on€the€State€party's€submission,€the€author,€in€a€letter€dated€28€SeptemberÐ b² Ð1988,€does€not€contest€that€his€brother's€companion,€M.€R.€R.,€had€been€authorized€by€theÐ H˜ Ðmagistrate€to€visit€the€deceased€in€prison,€but€contends€that€the€difficulties€M.€R.€R.Ð . ~ Ðencountered€before€she€could€see€him€either€in€the€prison€or€in€the€hospital€were€solelyÐ  d Ðattributable€to€the€prison€authorities.€Thus,€he€explains€that€between€17€and€20€August€1987,Ð ú J ÐM.€R.€R.€was€turned€away€under€spurious€pretexts€at€the€prison€gates€on€several€occasionsÐ à 0 Ðuntil,€at€noon€20€August€1987,€she€could€finally€see€I.€M.€The€victim,€at€that€time,€alreadyÐ Æ   Ðwas€confined€to€a€wheelchair€and€had€visible€co„ordination€problems.Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ6.2€In€spite€of€her€repeated€requests,€M.€R.€R.€was€unable€to€speak€with€the€prison€directorÐ xÈ  Ðor€assistant€director.€An€intervention€on€the€part€of€the€Spanish€Consul€in€Milan€did€notÐ ^®  Ðproduce€tangible€results€either.€On€24€August€1987,€M.€R.€R.€again€asked€to€see€herÐ D”  Ðcompanion.€In€the€prison's€visitors'€room,€she€was€told€by€an€inmate€that€I.€M.€was€still€inÐ *z  Ðthe€prison,€although€in€a€life„threatening€condition.€Subsequently,€a€guard€told€her€that€I.€M.Ð ` Ðhad€just€been€transferred€to€a€hospital.€At€the€hospital€she€was€told€that€the€magistrate'sÐ öF Ðauthorization€to€visit€him€was€invalid€and€that€she€needed€an€authorization€by€the€prisonÐ Ü, Ðdirector.€The€director's€assistant€cursorily€showed€her€a€paper€alleging€that€I.€M.€no€longerÐ Â Ðwanted€to€see€her,€but€after€emphatic€requests,€she€was€able€to€see€him€on€25€August€1987.Ð ¨ø ÐI.€M.€did€not€recognize€her€because€he€was€in€a€coma,€and€the€doctor€on€duty€told€her€thatÐ ŽÞ Ðhe€had€been€transferred€to€the€hospital€much€too€late.€The€author€claims€that€if€the€AssistantÐ tÄ ÐDirector€of€the€prison€alleged€that€I.€M.€was€in€"good€physical€health",€this€was€not€onlyÐ Zª Ðnegligence€but€incompetence.€Similarly,€he€contends€that€the€doctors,€both€in€the€prison€andÐ @ Ðin€the€hospital,€acted€negligently€in€that€they€were,€or€seemed€to€be,€incapable€of€giving€I.Ð &v ÐM.€the€appropriate€treatment.Ð  \ ÐÌ7.1€Before€considering€any€claims€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€RightsÐ Ø( ÐCommittee€must,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€decideÐ ¾ Ðwhether€or€not€it€is€admissible€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.Ð ¤ô ÐÌ7.2€The€Committee€has€ascertained,€as€it€is€required€to€do€under€article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),Ð p!À  Ðof€the€Optional€Protocol,€that€the€same€matter€is€not€being€examined€under€anotherÐ V"¦! Ðprocedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement.Ð <#Œ" ÐÌ7.3€Inasmuch€as€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies€is€concerned,€the€Committee€observesÐ %X $ Ðthat€it€would€be€open€to€the€author,€pursuant€to€article€91€of€the€Italian€Code€of€CriminalÐ î%>!% ÐProcedure,€to€introduce€a€civil€action€against€those€alleged€to€be€responsible€for€his€brother'sÐ Ô&$"& Ðdeath.€The€Committee€has€further€noted€the€State€party's€uncontested€claim€that€it€didÐ º' #' Ðinstitute€criminal€proceedings€against€the€individuals€held€to€be€responsible€for€the€death€ofÐ  (ð#( ÐI.€M.,€on€26€August€1987,€and€that€the€investigations€are€proceeding€normally.€TheÐ †)Ö$) ÐCommittee€concludes€that€available€domestic€remedies€have€not€been€exhausted€and€that€theÐ l*¼%* Ðrequirements€of€article€5,€paragraph€2€(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol€have€not€been€met.Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌ7.4€With€respect€to€the€author's€complaint€that€the€alleged€victim€was€denied€the€opportunityÐ -n(- Ðof€a€further€interview€with€the€examining€magistrate,€the€Committee€finds€that€this€raises€noÐ ° Ðissue€under€the€Covenant.Ð –æ ÐÌ8.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decides:Ð b² ÐÌ(a)€The€communication€is€inadmissible;Ð . ~ ÐÌ(b)€This€decision€shall€be€communicated€to€the€author€and€to€the€State€party.Ð ú J ÐÌÌ__________Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ*/€€Pursuant€to€rule€85€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€Committee€member€FaustoÐ xÈ  ÐPocar€did€not€take€part€in€the€adoption€of€the€decision.Ð ^®  ÐÓdÓ