ÿWPCƒ nAªhO…Ak|þï«$¶M×È":¹¥ì†È~aE_V²ãm lï¦Çzº¼0\™x¬ ÌÄŸÂs‘ÄâÇ% *.2þW'ÆÇo´i¢íàûB¾ª¼Š} îoF'Å£ ýŽò’Mô!gIxr~¸Þ¸õ'“Š/'²[žß€†Ã¡&±=H&ûLfÆåÀvZ[±3F¥‰¢Œ>Úø¶Š÷ÏνUH1Úÿ¥°À'þ¦úbÙÍOÜ¿w䧃^=–Ä£5pª­ —ÐQš©9ó6ªÛz~í;¹LRýAÍ}Jß…EV©µH0fÜÇÇ)âJP@ÆsytÙ«GÃ(?Ú0¾º/ÿ( 6æ‡Rù¤§3ãÆ4øÍ~ôçbò ›*"`éúI¤kyÀOc¤· ‡ÇzøøÈ8ýƒØƒ4¸CËÎä¨"dž¿x*ňֻX™€v„3kÞEÕ3£hÊ©;– á¶&Yæ¼o58ç¯k9¹Gl~ SöÂõ¢=Œ…i*P×$”UˆH½Pah7n´—…uÅdDI¿ º qòºÅ:·cGi‘ WùìªIfÝa—Ö;?Fðï=]DG_Qü·PU>z̸ 0µ„ 0<9 0Yu 0_Î 0i- 0P–Ææ 0ᬠ0( D+µ AMà - 0Æ= #Á UNÄ %M(ND^ FwR4Vj mlô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Miango v. Zaire, Communication No. 194/1985 (27 October 1987), U.N. Doc. Supp. No. 40 (A/44oc. Supp. No. 40 (A/4"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2A$££Ý ƒö@!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X~ÏXXXÔÔ€X~ÏXXX~ÏÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(žö@$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XÇXXXÔÔ€XÇXXXÇÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularXŠ‹ô* Äpì*´ëÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒö@!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X~ÏXXXÔÔ€X~ÏXXX~ÏÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔMiangoÔ_Ô€v.€ZaireóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€194/1985Ð H˜ ÐÌ27€October€1987Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:óó€Lilo€Ô_ÔMiangoÔ_ԀРxÈ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victim:€óóJean€Ô_ÔMiangoÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMuiyoÔ_Ô€(author's€brother)€Ð D”  ÐÌòòState€party€concerned:€óóZaire€Ð ` ÐÌòòDate€of€communication:€óó5€August€1985€Ð Ü, ÐÌòòDate€of€decision€on€admissibility:€óó2€April€1986óó€Ð ¨ø ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committee,€óóestablished€under€article€28€of€the€International€CovenantÐ Zª Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð @ ÐÌòòMeeting€óóon€27€October€1987,€Ð  \ ÐÌòòHaving€concluded€óóits€consideration€of€communication€No.€194/1985€submitted€to€theÐ Ø( ÐCommittee€by€Lilo€Ô_ÔMiangoÔ_Ô€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€International€Covenant€onÐ ¾ ÐCivil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð ¤ô ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€account€óóall€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€author€of€theÐ p!À  Ðcommunication€and€noting€with€serious€concern€that€no€information€whatever€has€beenÐ V"¦! Ðreceived€from€the€State€party€concerned,€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌòòAdopts€óóthe€following:€Ð %X $ ÐÌÌòòÓ  Óò òViews€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóóÐ º' #' ÐÓÑÓÌÌ1.€The€author€of€the€communication€Ô_ÔinitiallÔ_Ô€letter€dated€5€August€1985)€is€Lilo€Ô_ÔMiangoÔ_Ô,€aÐ l*¼%* ÐÔ_ÔZairianÔ_Ô€national€residing€in€France,€writing€on€behalf€of€his€brother,€Jean€Ô_ÔMiangoÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMuiyoÔ_Ô,Ð R+¢&+ Ðwho€died€in€dubious€circumstances€on€23€June€1985€at€the€age€of€44€years€at€the€MamaÐ 8,ˆ', ÐÔ_ÔYemoÔ_Ô€Hospital€at€Kinshasa,€Zaire.€Ð -n(- ÐÔ_Ô‡2.1€The€author€states€that,€according€to€the€information€that€his€family€has€been€able€toÐ ° Ðobtain,€his€brother€was€kidnapped€and€taken€to€the€military€camp€at€Kokolo,€Kinshasa,€onÐ –æ Ð20€or€21€June€1985€and€that,€inside€the€camp,€he€was€kept€in€the€residence€of€LieutenantÐ |Ì ÐKalonga.€The€author€believes€that€his€brother€was€subjected€to€torture€in€the€camp€byÐ b² Ðmembers€of€the€armed€forces€òò(forces€armees€zairoises€óó(FAZ)),€since€he€was€seen€later,€inÐ H˜ Ðterrible€condition,€by€a€friend€of€the€family€at€the€Mama€Yemo€Hospital.€The€friendÐ . ~ Ðinformed€the€author's€family€and€they€went€twice€to€the€hospital.€On€the€first€occasion,€theyÐ  d Ðwere€unable€to€find€his€brother€since€his€name€had€not€been€entered€in€the€hospital€registerÐ ú J Ðand,€on€the€second€occasion,€they€were€taken€directly€to€the€morgue€to€identify€his€body.€Ð à 0 ÐÌ2.2€In€the€report€of€the€traffic€police€(Second€Detachment),€the€alleged€victim€is€said€to€haveÐ ¬ ü  Ðentered€the€hospital€on€18€June€1985€as€a€result€of€a€road€traffic€accident,€which€was€not,Ð ’â  Ðhowever,€recorded€by€the€police..€The€author€states€that,€according€to€neighbours,€his€brotherÐ xÈ  Ðwas€at€home€on€18€and€19€June€1985€and€that€the€allegation€of€a€road€accident€isÐ ^®  Ðquestionable,€because€his€family€knew€that€he€had€been€taken€to€the€camp€at€Kokolo€and,Ð D”  Ðmoreover,€they€had€also€learned€that€he€had€been€brought€to€the€hospltal€by€a€militaryÐ *z  Ðambulance,€driven€by€Sergeant€Radjabo€from€the€camp€at€Kokolo.€Ð ` ÐÌ2.3€The€author€enclosed€a€copy€of€a€report€dated€11€July€1985€by€the€forensic€physician,Ð Ü, ÐDoctor€Nzuzi€Ntula,€stating€that€the€alleged€victim€died€as€a€result€of€traumatic€woundsÐ Â Ðprobably€caused€by€a€blunt€instrument€and€that€his€death€seemed€to€have€been€the€result€ofÐ ¨ø Ðthe€use€of€violence€and€not€a€road€accident€as€stated€in€the€report€of€the€traffic€police.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ2.4€The€author€states€that€his€family€in€Zaire€requested€the€Office€of€the€Prosecutor€to€carryÐ Zª Ðout€an€inquiry€regarding€the€death€of€Jean€Miango€Muiyo.€In€particular,€the€family€requestedÐ @ Ðthat€Sergeant€Radjabo€be€summoned€to€the€prosecutor's€office€for€questioning.€With€theÐ &v Ðconsent€of€his€superiors,€he€allegedly€refused€to€be€questioned€and€left€for€his€homeÐ  \ Ðprovince.€In€this€connection,€the€author€states€that€cases€involving€members€of€the€armedÐ òB Ðforces€in€Zaire€can€only€be€dealt€with€by€a€military€tribunal€òò(auditorat€militaire).€óóHe€allegesÐ Ø( Ðthat€ordinary€tribunals€are€not€permitted€to€try€members€of€the€armed€forces€unless€they€haveÐ ¾ Ðbeen€discharged€from€their€military€functions.€A€case€is€allegedly€dealt€with€by€a€militaryÐ ¤ô Ðtribunal€only€when€the€authorities€(òòpouvoir€etablióó)€decide€to€do€so.€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ2.5€The€author€alleges€that€his€entire€family€in€Zaire€has€been€subjected€to€discrimination€andÐ V"¦! Ðharassment€because€of€its€relationship€with€Daniel€Monguya€Mbenge,€the€leader€of€anÐ <#Œ" Ðopposition€party,€the€Mouvement€d'action€pour€la€resurrection€du€Congo€(MARC).€c/€TheÐ "$r# Ðauthor€mentions€that€several€members€of€his€family€have€been€subjected€to€arbitrary€arrest,Ð %X $ Ðthreats€and€other€forms€of€harassment.€He€fears€that,€in€the€circumstances,€there€is€no€hopeÐ î%>!% Ðthat€the€case€of€his€brother's€death€will€be€properly€investigated.€He€therefore€requests€theÐ Ô&$"& ÐHuman€Rights€Committee€to€prevail€upon€the€State€party€to€fulfil€its€obligations€under€theÐ º' #' ÐCovenant.€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ2.6€The€author€claims€that€article€2,€paragraph€3,€articles€5,€6,€paragraph€1,€articles€7,€14€andÐ l*¼%* Ð16€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€have€been€violated€in€the€caseÐ R+¢&+ Ðof€Jean€Miango€Muiyo.€He€indicates€that€his€brother's€case€has€not€been€submitted€to€anotherÐ 8,ˆ', Ðprocedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement.€Ð -n(- Ї3.€Having€concluded€that€the€author€of€the€communication€was€justified€in€acting€on€behalfÐ ° Ðof€the€alleged€victim,€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee€decided€on€15Ð –æ ÐOctober€1985€to€transmit€the€communication€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€ofÐ |Ì Ðprocedure€to€the€State€party€concerned,€requesting€information€and€observations€relevant€toÐ b² Ðthe€question€of€admissibility€of€the€communication.€Ð H˜ ÐÌ4.€The€deadline€for€the€State€party's€submission€under€rule€91€of€the€Committee's€provisionalÐ  d Ðrules€of€procedure€expired€on€14€January€1986.€No€rule€91€submission€was€received€fromÐ ú J Ðthe€State€party.€Ð à 0 ÐÌ5.1€With€regard€to€article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€Committee€notedÐ ¬ ü  Ðthat€the€author's€statement€that€his€brother's€case€was€not€being€examined€under€anotherÐ ’â  Ðprocedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement,€was€uncontested.€Ð xÈ  ÐÌ5.2€With€regard€to€article€5,€paragraph€2€(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€Committee€wasÐ D”  Ðunable€to€conclude,€on€the€basis€of€the€information€before€it,€that€there€were€availableÐ *z  Ðremedies€in€the€circumstances€of€the€case€which€could€or€should€have€been€pursued.€Ð ` ÐÌ5.3€Accordingly,€the€Committee€found€that€the€communication€was€not€inadmissable€underÐ Ü, Ðarticle€5,€paragraph€2€(a)€or€(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð  ÐÌ6.€On€28€March€1985,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decided€that€theÐ ŽÞ Ðcommunication€was€admissible€and€in€accordance€with€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€theÐ tÄ ÐOptional€Protocol,€requested€the€State€party€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€monthsÐ Zª Ðof€the€date€of€the€transmittal€to€it€of€the€Committee's€decision,€written€explanations€orÐ @ Ðstatements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,€if€any,€that€might€have€been€taken€by€it.€Ð &v ÐÌ7.€The€time„limit€for€the€State€party's€submission€under€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€theÐ òB ÐOptional€Protocol€expired€on€1€November€1986.€No€submission€has€been€received€from€theÐ Ø( ÐState€party,€despite€a€reminder€sent€on€19€June€1987.€Ð ¾ ÐÌ8.1€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€having€considered€the€present€communication€in€the€lightÐ Š Ú Ðof€all€the€information€made€available€to€it,€as€provided€in€article€5,€paragraph€1,€of€theÐ p!À  ÐOptional€Protocol,€hereby€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€facts,€which€have€notÐ V"¦! Ðbeen€contested€by€the€State€party.€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌ8.2€Mr.€Jean€Miango€Muiyo,€a€Zairian€citizen,€was€kidnapped€and€taken€to€the€military€campÐ %X $ Ðat€Kokolo,€Kinshasa,€on€20€or€21€June€1985.€There,€he€was€subjected€to€torture€my€membersÐ î%>!% Ðof€the€armed€forces€òò(forces€armies€zairoises€óó((FAZ)).€Later,€he€was€seen€in€a€precariousÐ Ô&$"& Ðphysical€condition€by€a€friend€of€the€family€at€Mama€Yemo€Hospital€in€Kinshasa.€TheÐ º' #' Ðauthor's€relatives€were€unable€to€locate€the€victim€alive;€they€were,€however,€taken€to€theÐ  (ð#( Ðhospital€morgue€to€identify€the€victim's€body.€Contrary€to€the€report€of€the€traffic€police,€theÐ †)Ö$) Ðvictim€did€not€succumb€to€the€consequences€of€a€road€accident€he€allegedly€suffered€on€18Ð l*¼%* ÐJune€1985,€but€died€as€the€result€of€traumatic€wounds€probably€caused€by€a€blunt€instrument.Ð R+¢&+ ÐThis€conclusion€is€buttressed€by€a€report€from€a€forensic€physician€dated€11€July€1985,Ð 8,ˆ', Ðwhich€states€that€the€victim's€death€seems€to€have€been€the€result€of€the€use€of€violence€andÐ -n(- Ðnot€of€a€road€accident.€The€author's€family€has€requested€the€Office€of€the€Public€ProsecutorÐ ° Ðto€conduct€an€inquiry€into€the€death€of€Mr.€Miango€Muiyo,€in€particular€asking€that€theÐ –æ Ðmilitary€officer€who€delivered€the€victim€to€the€hospital€be€summoned€for€questioning.€ThisÐ |Ì Ðofficer,€however,€with€the€consent€of€his€superiors,€has€refused€to€be€questioned.€Ð b² ÐÌ9.€In€formulating€its€views,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€also€takes€into€account€the€failureÐ . ~ Ðof€the€State€party€to€furnish€any€information€and€clarifications.€It€is€implicit€in€article€4,Ð  d Ðparagraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol€that€the€State€party€has€the€duty€to€investigate€in€goodÐ ú J Ðfaith€all€allegations€of€violations€of€the€Covenant€made€against€it€and€its€authorities,€and€toÐ à 0 Ðfurnish€to€the€Committee€the€information€available€to€it.€The€Committee€notes€with€concernÐ Æ   Ðthat,€despite€its€repeated€requests€and€reminders€and€despite€the€State€party's€obligationÐ ¬ ü  Ðunder€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€no€explanations€or€statementsÐ ’â  Ðclarifying€the€matter€have€been€received€from€the€State€party€in€the€present€case.€In€theÐ xÈ  Ðcircumstances,€due€weight€must€be€given€to€the€author's€allegations.€Ð ^®  ÐÌ10.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€OptionalÐ *z  ÐProtocol€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€theseÐ ` Ðfacts€disclose€a€violation€of€articles€6€and€7,€paragraph€1,€of€the€Covenant.€Bearing€in€mindÐ öF Ðthe€gravity€of€these€violations€the€Committee€does€not€find€it€necessary€to€consider€whetherÐ Ü, Ðother€provisions€of€the€Covenant€have€been€violated.€Ð  ÐÌ11.€The€Committee€therefore€urges€the€State€party€to€take€effective€steps€(a)€to€investigateÐ ŽÞ Ðthe€circumstances€of€the€death€of€Jean€Miango€Muiyo,€(b)€to€bring€to€justice€any€personÐ tÄ Ðfound€to€be€responsible€for€his€death,€and€(c)€to€pay€compensation€to€his€family.€