ÿWPC =mêÇÖ–žkv{T`¶- ddGYÃÆj«§•´Ì¦0C›óêšë3¨G1“×m¤° •"-Ë÷¦›Ë=+&Kªð–mU©<ž‚ ²UÚ¾Ÿ¬RTµ`;çvÜÒ·âÑs¦5´ÃË hy[¤©AÈ×Zm4­Cªªì”‚]£œÉË|\ø‘]âãT̯*/‡Ã•uw¼ŒXœWrPNíŽýïì³^F­qA£ÄdÄEÀ‡Ì'‘[ü²cgÈTï+¨á 6ÿ/X(’ xˆMr]ª•V#Ô„ry†Xûw… ,¡ZºþG””eëR¾šÈ¥æ" Ý¥¿Ü¿ AÌÿ(-TP%¶ãN¸S[{‚P\ÿÉR.=4ÑTö\£Q{c^¨þ·nl¼pH^muˆ|ƒ¤deW(16ÔÙÆSmèp[ݾl»„ñÄÁvÔ×0%Y¢Íz·ed.C Ÿ¤Sã3„þÀ»@K %S2ñud/Ý‘fBªÝ°ÕT¿u@¬žÊ«¨‹PD¦CIEš[çju1t~ °#6FÏÑÒÎ-ñ>Å”HÓ©q|PñjÁŽ¯ö}ÈõǪùl”\Ùg.v‰Õ¡14‚<ÅÍÔ’Õjã^-…_LU>l̪ 0µv 0<+ 0Yg 0_À 0iƈ 0ÑN 0( D+G AMr ¿ 0¶Ï #Á… UNF %” Mš (ž NÆ ^ È wÔ 4Ø ì mî ô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Larry James Pinkhey v. Canada, Communication No. 27/1978 (2 April 1980), U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/40), U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(©2ü@$££Ý ƒ• !ÝÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X;7XXXÔÔ€X;7XXX;7ÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(Ž• $¡¡ÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X&XXXÔÔ€X&XXX&Ô˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX5§ó* Äpì*ê:i¢Ø+00ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ• !ÝÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X;7XXXÔÔ€X;7XXX;7ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€v.€CanadaóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€27/1978Ð H˜ ÐÌ2€April€1980Ð  d ÐÌÌADMISSIBILITYó óÐ Æ   ÐÌòòÌòòSubmitted€byóó:€Larry€James€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€on€25€November€1977€Ð xÈ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimóó:€The€author€Ð D”  ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€Canada€Ð ` ÐÌòòDate€of€decision€on€admissibilityóó:€2€April€1980€(ninth€session)€óóÐ Ü, ÐÌÌÓ  Óò òòòDecision€on€Admissibilityóóó óÐ ŽÞ ÐÓêÓÌÌÓ  Ó1.€The€author€of€the€communication€(initial€letter€dated€25€November€1977€and€a€furtherÐ @ Ðletter€dated€7€April€1978)€is€a€citizen€of€the€United€States€of€America€who€is€serving€a€prisonÐ &v Ðsentence€in€Canada.€He€describes€himself€as€a€black€political€activist,€having€been€involvedÐ  \ Ðin€the€activities€of€several€political€organizations€since€1967€(Black€Panther€Party€(1967„Ð òB Ð1968),€Black€National€Draft€Resistance€League€(Chairman)€(1969„1970),€San€FranciscoÐ Ø( ÐBlack€Caucus€(Co„Chairman)€(1970„1973),€Minister€of€the€Interior€for€the€Republic€of€NewÐ ¾ ÐAfrica€(1970„1972)€under€the€name€of€Ô_ÔMakuaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔAtanaÔ_Ô€and,€since€1974,€Chairman€of€theÐ ¤ô ÐCentral€Committee€of€the€Black€National€Independence€Party).€He€entered€Canada€as€aÐ Š Ú Ðvisitor€in€September€1975.€In€May€1976€he€was€arrested€by€police€authorities€in€Vancouver,Ð p!À  ÐBritish€Columbia,€on€charges€under€the€Canadian€Criminal€Code€and€remanded€to€the€LowerÐ V"¦! ÐMainland€Regional€Correction€Ô_ÔCentreÔ_Ô€at€Ô_ÔOakallaÔ_Ô,€British€Columbia,€pending€Ô_ÔhistrialÔ_Ô€onÐ <#Œ" Ðcertain€criminal€charges.€Because€of€his€arrest,€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô's€continued€presence€in€CanadaÐ "$r# Ðcame€to€the€attention€of€immigration€officials€and€consequently,€during€the€period€that€heÐ %X $ Ðwas€incarcerated€at€the€Correction€Ô_ÔCentreÔ_Ô,€proceedings€were€taken€under€the€ImmigrationÐ î%>!% ÐAct€to€determine€whether€he€was€lawfully€in€Canada.€These€proceedings€took€place€duringÐ Ô&$"& Ðthe€period€between€21€May€1976€and€10€November€1976€when€an€order€of€deportation€wasÐ º' #' Ðissued€against€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô.€Subsequently,€he€was€convicted€of€the€criminal€charges€againstÐ  (ð#( Ðhim€and€sentenced€to€a€term€of€five€years'€imprisonment.Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ2.€By€its€decision€of€18€July€1978€the€Human€Rights€Committee€transmitted€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô'sÐ R+¢&+ Ðcommunication€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure€to€the€State€partyÐ 8,ˆ', Ðconcerned€requesting€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€admissibilityÐ -n(- Ðof€the€communication.€Ð ° ÐÌ3.€The€Committee€also€communicated€its€decision€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô.€Ð |Ì ÐÌ4.€The€State€party's€submissions€on€the€question€of€admissibility€were€contained€in€lettersÐ H˜ Ðof€18€June€1979€and€10€January€1980€and€further€comments€from€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€wereÐ . ~ Ðcontained€in€letters€of€11€and€15€July€1979€and€21€and€22€February€1980.€Ð  d ÐÌ5.€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€claims€(a)€that€he€is€the€victim€of€a€mistrial€in€Canada€in€regard€to€theÐ à 0 Ðcriminal€charges€brought€against€him,€(b)that€he€has€been€prevented€from€appealing€againstÐ Æ   Ðthe€deportation€order,€which€is€due€to€come€into€effect€upon€his€release€from€prison,€andÐ ¬ ü  Ð(c)that€he€has€been€subjected€to€ill„treatment€because€of€his€race.€He€alleges€that,€inÐ ’â  Ðconsequence,€the€State€party€has€violated€articles€10€(1)€and€(2)€(a),€13,€14€(1)€and€(3)€(b),Ð xÈ  Ð16€and€17€(1)€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€Ð ^®  ÐÌ(a)€The€claims€concerning€the€alleged€mistrial€Ð *z  ÐÌ6.€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô's€allegations€relating€to€these€claims€are€as€follows:€Ð öF ÐÌPrior€to€his€arrest€in€May€1976,€lie€had€spent€over€three€months€in€Vancouver€compilingÐ Â Ðspecific€information€on€alleged€smuggling€activities€of€certain€East€Indian€Asian€immigrantsÐ ¨ø Ðin€Canada,€involving€smuggling€out€of€Africa€into€Europe,€Canada€and€the€United€States,Ð ŽÞ Ðwith€the€complicity€of€Canadian€immigration€officials.€He€maintains€that€he€was€doing€thisÐ tÄ Ðwork€on€behalf€of€the€Governing€Central€Committee€of€the€Black€National€IndependenceÐ Zª ÐParty€(Ô_ÔBNIPÔ_Ô)€with€a€view€to€putting€an€end€to€these€illegal€activities,€which€he€contends€wereÐ @ Ðto€the€detriment€of€the€economy€of€African€countries.€The€author€further€indicates€that,Ð &v Ðduring€the€period€prior€to€his€arrest,€he€managed€to€establish€contact€with€a€relative€of€theÐ  \ Ðpersons€involved€in€the€smuggling€of€diamonds€and€large€sums€of€money€from€Kenya,Ð òB ÐTanzania,€Uganda€and€Zaire€into€Canada.€He€states€that€the€relative€revealed€to€him€manyÐ Ø( Ðdetails€about€her€uncle's€smuggling€activities,€that€he€recorded€this€information€on€tape,€thatÐ ¾ Ðhe€made€copies€of€the€letters€showing€dates€and€amounts€of€transactions,€names€of€peopleÐ ¤ô Ðinvolved€and€other€details€and€that€he€placed€this€material€in€a€brief„case€kept€in€a€24„hourÐ Š Ú Ðpublic€locker.€He€asserts€that€in€one€of€the€letters€which€was€copied€reference€was€made€toÐ p!À  Ða€gift€in€cash€to€certain€Canadian€immigration€officials€for€their€assistance€and€also€to€theÐ V"¦! Ðneed€to€pay€more€money€to€a€Ô_ÔBOACÔ_Ô€airline€pilot€for€his€help.€The€author€maintains€that€heÐ <#Œ" Ðperiodically€informed€the€Central€Committee€of€the€Ô_ÔBNIPÔ_Ô€and€a€security€official€at€theÐ "$r# ÐKenyan€Embassy€in€Washington€of€his€investigation€by€telephone€and€that€he€recorded€theseÐ %X $ Ðconversations€and€placed€the€tapes€in€the€briefcase.€The€author€maintains€that€after€he€wasÐ î%>!% Ðarrested,€in€May€1976,€the€brief„case€was€discovered€and€confiscated€by€the€police€and€thatÐ Ô&$"& Ðthe€material€necessary€for€his€defense€mysteriously€disappeared€before€his€trial.€He€statesÐ º' #' Ðthat€these€facts€were€ignored€by€the€trial€court,€that€he€was€accused€of€having€used€theÐ  (ð#( Ðinformation€in€his€possession€with€a€view€to€obtaining€money€from€the€persons€allegedlyÐ †)Ö$) Ðresponsible€for€the€smuggling,€and€that€he€was€convicted€on€the€basis€of€evidence€which€hadÐ l*¼%* Ðbeen€tampered€with€and€distorted€but€which€was€nevertheless€presented€by€the€police€andÐ R+¢&+ Ðcrown€attorney.€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- Ð7.€From€the€information€submitted€by€the€parties,€the€following€facts€concerning€these€claimsÐ ° Ðhave€been€established:€Ð –æ ÐÌLarry€James€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€was€convicted€by€the€trial€court€on€a€charge€of€extortion€on€9Ð b² ÐDecember€1976.€Sentence€of€five€years'€imprisonment€was€pronounced€on€7€January€1977.Ð H˜ ÐOn€8€February€1977,€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€sought€leave€to€appeal€from€his€conviction€and€from€hisÐ . ~ Ðsentence€to€the€British€Columbia€Court€of€Appeal.€His€appeal,€however,€was€not€heard€untilÐ  d Ð34€months€later.€This€delay,€which€the€government€of€British€Columbia€described€asÐ ú J Ð"unusual€and€unsatisfactory",€was€due€to€the€fact€that€the€trial€transcripts€were€not€producedÐ à 0 Ðuntil€June€1979€after€the€application€for€leave€to€appeal€was€made.€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€alleges€thatÐ Æ   Ðthe€delay€in€the€hearing,€due€to€the€lack€of€the€trial€transcripts,€was€a€deliberate€attempt€byÐ ¬ ü  Ðthe€State€party€to€block€the€exercise€of€his€right€of€appeal.€The€State€party€rejects€thisÐ ’â  Ðallegation€and€submits€that,€notwithstanding€the€efforts€of€officials€of€the€Ministry€of€theÐ xÈ  ÐAttorney„General€of€British€Columbia€to€hasten€the€production€of€the€trial€transcripts,€theyÐ ^®  Ðwere€not€completed€until€June€1979,€"because€of€various€administrative€mishaps€in€theÐ D”  ÐOfficial€Reporters'€Office".€On€6€December€1979,€that€is€34€months€after€his€application€forÐ *z  Ðleave€to€appeal,€the€British€Columbia€Court€of€'Appeal€heard€the€application,€granted€leaveÐ ` Ðto€appeal€and€on€that€same€day,€after€hearing€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô's€legal€counsel,€(a)€dismissed€theÐ öF Ðappeal€against€conviction,€which€had€been€based€on€the€ground€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€had€notÐ Ü, Ðbeen€able€to€defend€himself€properly,€because€of€the€inability€of€the€authorities€to€produceÐ Â Ðthe€missing€briefcase€and€(b)€adjourned€the€appeal€against€sentence€sine€die,€to€be€heard€atÐ ¨ø Ða€time€convenient€for€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô's€counsel.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ8.€According€to€the€judgement€of€the€Court€of€Appeal€dismissing€the€appeal€againstÐ Zª Ðconviction,€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô,€following€his€arrest,€had€directed€police€officers€to€a€locker€in€a€busÐ @ Ðdepot€in€Vancouver,€from€which€they€took,€in€his€presence,€two€briefcases€containingÐ &v Ðdocuments€belonging€to€him.€The€State€party€contended€that€the€contents€of€these€two€brief„Ð  \ Ðcases€were€not€the€subject€of€the€controversy€that€arose,€during€the€trial,€when€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_ÔÐ òB Ðasserted€that€a€third€briefcase€has€been€kept€at€his€residence,€containing€the€documents€whichÐ Ø( Ðhe€maintained€were€of€relevance€to€his€defense.€The€authorities,€however,€disavowed€anyÐ ¾ Ðknowledge€of€the€existence€of€a€third€brief„case.€The€Court€of€Appeal€concluded€that€Mr.Ð ¤ô ÐÔ_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô's€submissions€concerning€the€third€brief„case€were€too€vague€to€support€hisÐ Š Ú Ðcontention€that€it€had€existed.€Ð p!À  ÐÌ9.€With€regard€to€these€claims,€the€State€party€has€argued€that€the€author€of€theÐ <#Œ" Ðcommunication€has€not€exhausted€domestic€remedies€and€that€his€claims€in€this€respectÐ "$r# Ðshould€be€declared€inadmissible€pursuant€to€article€5€(2)€(b)€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€It€isÐ %X $ Ðsubmitted€by€the€State€party€(a)€that,€if€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€continues€to/'eel€aggrieved€by€this€mostÐ î%>!% Ðrecent€decision,€he€can,€with€leave€of€that€Court,€take€a€further€appeal,€on€any€question€ofÐ Ô&$"& Ðlaw,€to€the€Supreme€Court€of€Canada€"within€twenty„one€days€after€the€judgement€appealedÐ º' #' Ðfrom€is€pronounced€or€within€such€extended€times€as€the€Supreme€Court€or€a€judge€thereofÐ  (ð#( Ðmay,€for€special€reasons€allow"€(Criminal€Code,€Ô_ÔR.S.C.Ô_Ô€1970,€c.€C„34,€s.618€(b))€and€that,Ð †)Ö$) Ðas€of€the€date€of€the€State€party's€latest€submission€(of€10€January€1980),€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€hadÐ l*¼%* Ðneither€sought€leave€to€appeal€nor€an€extension€of€the€time€allowed€for€appeal;€and€(b)thatÐ R+¢&+ Ðhis€appeal€against€sentence,€a€procedure€of€secondary€importance€in€the€circumstances€of€theÐ 8,ˆ', Ðcommunication,€has€been€adjourned€sine€die€and€will€be€brought€on€at€some€time€convenientÐ -n(- Ðto€his€counsel.€Ð ° ÐÌ10.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€finds€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô's€complaints€concerning€his€trialÐ |Ì Ðand€conviction€and€the€dismissal€of€his€appeal€against€conviction€(his€alleged€difficulties€inÐ b² Ðproducing€evidence€to€prove€his€innocence€and€the€delay€of€more€than€two€years€inÐ H˜ Ðproducing€the€trial€transcripts)€appear€to€raise€questions€of€fact€rather€than€law.€TheÐ . ~ ÐCommittee€therefore€concludes€that€in€respect€of€these€complaints€there€is€no€furtherÐ  d Ðdomestic€remedy€available€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€which€he€should€exhaust.€Ð ú J ÐÌ11.€The€Committee€has€also€to€consider€whether€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô's€complaints€referred€to€aboveÐ Æ   Ðare€compatible€with€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant€and€in€particular€with€article€14€(1)€andÐ ¬ ü  Ð(3)€(b)€which€have€been€invoked€by€him.€The€Committee€observes€that€allegations€that€aÐ ’â  Ðdomestic€court€has€committed€errors€of€fact€or€law€do€not€in€themselves€raise€questions€ofÐ xÈ  Ðviolation€of€the€Covenant€unless€it€also€appears€that€some€of€the€requirements€of€article€14Ð ^®  Ðmay€not€have€been€complied€with.€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô's€complaints€relating€to€his€allegedÐ D”  Ðdifficulties€in€producing€evidence€in€his€defense€and€also€the€delay€in€producing€the€trialÐ *z  Ðtranscripts€do€appear€to€raise€such€issues.€In€addition€to€the€provisions€invoked€by€Mr.Ð ` ÐÔ_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô,€it€may€be€necessary€to€consider€the€possible€relevance€of€article€14€(3)€(c)€and€(5).€Ð öF ÐÌ(b)€The€claims€concerning€the€deportation€order€Ð  ÐÌ12.€It€appears€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô's€continued€presence€in€Canada€came€to€the€attention€ofÐ ŽÞ Ðimmigration€officials€after€he€was€arrested€in€May€1976.€Proceedings€against€him€wereÐ tÄ Ðinitiated€under€the€Immigration€Act€on€21€May€1976€and,€on€10€November€1976,€the€SpecialÐ Zª ÐInquiry€Officer,€having€legal€authority€under€the€Act€to€do€so,€issued€an€order€of€deportationÐ @ Ðagainst€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô,€having€determined€that€he€was€present€in€Canada€contrary€to€theÐ &v ÐImmigration€Act€and€therefore€not€"lawfully"€in€Canada.€Ð  \ ÐÌ13.€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€alleges€that€the€proceedings€before€the€Special€Inquiry€Officer€were€notÐ Ø( Ðimpartial,€that€he€was€denied€a€fair€hearing,€that€the€submission€that€he€considered€himselfÐ ¾ Ða€political€refugee€was€not€given€due€consideration€and€that€the€Special€Inquiry€Office€failedÐ ¤ô Ðto€inform€him€of€his€right€to€appeal€against€the€deportation€order€to€the€Immigration€AppealÐ Š Ú ÐBoard€and€thus€in€effect€deprived€him€of€the€right€to€have€his€case€reviewed€within€the€time„Ð p!À  Ðlimit€established€by€law.€He€alleges€that€in€consequence€the€State€party€has€violated€articlesÐ V"¦! Ð13€and€14€(1)€and€(3)€(b)€of€the€Covenant.€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌ14.€The€State€party€has€objected€to€the€admissibility€of€these€claims€on€the€grounds€thatÐ %X $ Ðarticle€13€of€the€Covenant€is€inapplicable€because€it€applies€only€to€"an€alien€lawfully€in€theÐ î%>!% Ðterritory€of€a€State€Party",€that€article€14€(3)€is€not€applicable€because€it€applies€only€to€"theÐ Ô&$"& Ðdetermination€of€any€criminal€charge"€and€therefore€cannot€be€invoked€in€relation€toÐ º' #' Ðdeportation€proceedings,€and€furthermore€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€failed€to€exhaust€domesticÐ  (ð#( Ðremedies€in€that€he€did€not€appeal€against€the€deportation€order€to€the€Immigration€AppealÐ †)Ö$) ÐBoard€within€the€time„limit€established€by€law€and,€in€so€far€as€his€complaints€that€theÐ l*¼%* ÐSpecial€Inquiry€Officer€had€not€been€impartial€or€had€failed€to€give€him€a€fair€hearing€wereÐ R+¢&+ Ðconcerned,€he€had€not€raised€these€for€review€by€the€Federal€Court€of€Canada,€which,€underÐ 8,ˆ', Ðthe€Federal€Court€Act,€would€quash€a€decision€or€order€made€by€an€officer€in€breach€of€eitherÐ -n(- Ðof€these€principles.€The€State€party€has€pointed€out€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€was€at€all€relevant€timesÐ ° Ðrepresented€by€legal€counsel€whose€responsibility€it€was€to€advise€him€of€his€rights€of€appealÐ –æ Ðand€review.€Ð |Ì ÐÌ15.€The€Committee€observes€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€did€not€avail€himself€in€time€of€his€right€ofÐ H˜ Ðappeal€against€the€deportation€order€and€the€reasons€which€he€gives€for€his€failure€to€do€soÐ . ~ Ðdid€not,€in€the€circumstances€of€the€case,€absolve€him€from€exhausting€this€remedy.€Nor€hasÐ  d Ðhe€availed€himself€of€the€right€to€have€his€case€reviewed€by€the€Federal€Court€of€Canada€inÐ ú J Ðso€far€as€he€complains€of€partiality€and€unfairness€in€the€deportation€proceedings.€Ð à 0 ÐÌ16.€These€claims€must€therefore€be€considered€inadmissible€under€article€5€(2)€(b)€of€theÐ ¬ ü  ÐOptional€Protocol,€because€domestic€remedies€have€not€been€exhausted.€Ð ’â  ÐÌ(c)€The€claims€concerning€the€alleged€ill„treatment€Ð ^®  ÐÌ17.€The€author€of€the€communication€alleges€that€he€has€been€subjected€to€continual€racialÐ *z  Ðinsults€and€ill„treatment€in€prison.€He€claims,€In€particular,€(a)€that€prison€guards€insultedÐ ` Ðhim,€humiliated€him€and€physically€ill„treated€him€because€of€his€race,€in€violation€of€articlesÐ öF Ð10€(1)€and€17€(1)€of€the€Covenant,€and€(b)€that,€during€his€pre„trial€detention,€he€was€notÐ Ü, Ðsegregated€from€convicted€persons,€that€his€correspondence€was€arbitrarily€interfered€withÐ Â Ðand€that€his€treatment€as€an€Ô_ÔunconvictedÔ_Ô€person€was€far€worse€than€that€given€to€convictedÐ ¨ø Ðpersons,€in€violation€of€articles€10€(1)€and€(2)€(a)€and€17€(1)€of€the€Covenant.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ18.€The€State€party€asserts€that€the€Corrections€Branch€of€the€Department€of€the€Attorney„Ð Zª ÐGeneral€of€British€Columbia€undertook€two€separate€investigations€of€the€allegations€ofÐ @ Ðracial€insults€and€on€both€occasions€found€no€apparent€evidence€to€support€his€claims.Ð &v ÐMoreover,€the€State€party€maintains€that€these€allegations€of€the€author€appear€in€the€contextÐ  \ Ðof€sweeping€and€numerous€accusations€of€wrong€doing€by€various€federal€and€provincialÐ òB Ðgovernment€officials€and€by€the€courts€in€Canada.€It€therefore€submits€that€these€allegationsÐ Ø( Ðshould€be€considered€to€be€"an€abuse€of€the€right€of€submission"€and€declared€inadmissibleÐ ¾ Ðunder€article€3€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€In€so€far€as€the€communication€alleges€that€beforeÐ ¤ô Ðconviction€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€was€housed€in€the€same€wing€of€the€Lower€Mainland€RegionalÐ Š Ú ÐCorrection€Ô_ÔCentreÔ_Ô€as€convicted€persons€and€that€his€mail€had€been€interfered€with,€theseÐ p!À  Ðallegations€were€not€brought€to€the€attention€of€the€appropriate€authority,€namely€theÐ V"¦! ÐCorrections€Branch€of€the€British€Columbia€Ministry€of€the€Attorney„General,€in€writing€byÐ <#Œ" Ðor€on€behalf€of€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€(though€he€made€other€complaints€and€therefore€was€aware€ofÐ "$r# Ðthe€procedure)€until€the€Branch€became€aware€of€his€letter€to€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ %X $ Ðon€7€April€1978.€The€State€party€therefore€submits€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô€failed€in€this€respect€toÐ î%>!% Ðexhaust€all€available€domestic€remedies,€before€submitting€his€claims€to€the€Committee.€Mr.Ð Ô&$"& ÐÔ_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô,€however,€has€pointed€out€that€he€was€informed€that€an€investigation€had€been€madeÐ º' #' Ðinto€his€complaints€by€the€Attorney„General's€Office€and€that€his€charges€wereÐ  (ð#( Ðunsubstantiated.€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ19.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€does€not€accept€the€State€party's€argument€that€theÐ R+¢&+ Ðauthor's€complaint€concerning€alleged€racial€insults€should€be€declared€inadmissible€as€anÐ 8,ˆ', Ðabuse€of€the€right€of€submission.€Moreover,€his€complaints€now€appear€to€have€beenÐ -n(- Ðinvestigated€by€the€appropriate€authorities€and€dismissed,€and€consequently€it€cannot€beÐ ° Ðargued€that€domestic€remedies€have€not€been€exhausted.€Ð –æ ÐÌ20.€The€Committee€therefore€finds€that€it€is€not€barred,€on€any€of€the€grounds€set€out€in€theÐ b² ÐOptional€Protocol,€from€considering€these€complaints€on€the€merits,€in€so€far€as€they€relateÐ H˜ Ðto€events€taking€place€on€or€after€19€August€1976€(the€date€on€which€the€Covenant€and€theÐ . ~ ÐOptional€Protocol€entered€into€force€for€Canada).€Ð  d ÐÌòòThe€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decidesóó:€Ð à 0 ÐÌ1.€That€the€communication€is€admissible€in€so€far€as€it€relates€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô's€trial€andÐ ¬ ü  Ðconviction€on€the€charge€of€extortion;€Ð ’â  ÐÌ2.€That€the€communication€is€inadmissible€in€so€far€as€it€relates€to€the€deportationÐ ^®  Ðproceedings€and€the€deportation€order€issued€against€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô;€Ð D”  ÐÌ3.€That€the€communication€is€admissible€in€so€far€as€it€relates€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô's€treatment€atÐ ` Ðthe€Lower€Mainland€Regional€Correction€Ô_ÔCentreÔ_Ô€on€or€after€19€August€1976;€Ð öF ÐÌ4.€That,€in€accordance€with€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€party€shall€be€requestedÐ Â Ðto€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal€to€it€of€thisÐ ¨ø Ðdecision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matters€referred€to€in€(a)€and€(c)Ð ŽÞ Ðabove€and€the€remedies,€if€any,€that€may€have€been€taken€by€it.€The€State€party€is€requestedÐ tÄ Ðin€this€connection€to€include€details€of€any€investigations€which€the€Canadian€authoritiesÐ Zª Ðhave€made€into€the€matters€complained€of€by€Mr.€Ô_ÔPinkneyÔ_Ô;€Ð @ ÐÌ5.€That€any€explanations€or€statements€received€from€the€State€party€shall€be€communicatedÐ  \ Ðby€the€Secretary„General€to€the€author€of€the€communication,€under€rule€93€(3)€of€theÐ òB Ðprovisional€rules€of€procedure€of€the€Committee,€with€the€request€that€any€comments€whichÐ Ø( Ðthe€author€may€wish€to€submit€thereon€should€reach€the€Human€Rights€Committee,€in€careÐ ¾ Ðof€the€Division€of€Human€Rights,€United€Nations€Office€at€Geneva,€within€six€weeks€of€theÐ ¤ô Ðdate€of€the€transmittal;€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ6.€That€this€decision€be€communicated€to€the€State€party€and€the€author€of€theÐ V"¦! Ðcommunication.€Ð <#Œ" ÐÓBÓ